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de Carvalho Bertozo L, Tadeu HC, Sebastian A, Maszota-Zieleniak M, Samsonov SA, Ximenes VF. Role for Carboxylic Acid Moiety in NSAIDs: Favoring the Binding at Site II of Bovine Serum Albumin. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2501-2511. [PMID: 38574292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The molecular structures of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) vary, but most contain a carboxylic acid functional group (RCOOH). This functional group is known to be related to the mechanism of cyclooxygenase inhibition and also causes side effects, such as gastrointestinal bleeding. This study proposes a new role for RCOOH in NSAIDs: facilitating the interaction at the binding site II of serum albumins. We used bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model to investigate the interactions with ligands at site II. Using dansyl-proline (DP) as a fluorescent site II marker, we demonstrated that only negatively charged NSAIDs such as ibuprofen (IBP), naproxen (NPX), diflunisal (DFS), and ketoprofen (KTP) can efficiently displace DP from the albumin binding site. We confirmed the importance of RCOO by neutralizing IBP and NPX through esterification, which reduced the displacement of DP. The competition was also monitored by stopped-flow experiments. While IBP and NPX displaced DP in less than 1 s, the ester derivatives were ineffective. We also observed a higher affinity of negatively charged NSAIDs using DFS as a probe and ultrafiltration experiments. Molecular docking simulations showed an essential salt bridge between the positively charged residues Arg409 and Lys413 with RCOO-, consistent with the experimental findings. We performed a ligand dissociation pathway and corresponding energy analysis by applying molecular dynamics. The dissociation of NPX showed a higher free energy barrier than its ester. Apart from BSA, we conducted some experimental studies with human serum albumin, and similar results were obtained, suggesting a general effect for other mammalian serum albumins. Our findings support that the RCOOH moiety affects not only the mechanism of action and side effects but also the pharmacokinetics of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza de Carvalho Bertozo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP─São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Cesar Tadeu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP─São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anila Sebastian
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Valdecir Farias Ximenes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, UNESP─São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sari MHM, Saccol CP, Custódio VN, da Rosa LS, da Costa JS, Fajardo AR, Ferreira LM, Cruz L. Carrageenan-xanthan nanocomposite film with improved bioadhesion and permeation profile in human skin: A cutaneous-friendly platform for ketoprofen local delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130864. [PMID: 38493820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KET), commonly used for inflammation in clinical settings, leads to systemic adverse effects with prolonged use, mitigated by topical administration. Nanotechnology-based cutaneous forms, like films, may enhance KET efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare and characterize films containing KET nanoemulsions (F-NK) regarding mechanical properties, chemical composition and interactions, occlusive potential, bioadhesion, drug permeation in human skin, and safety. The films were prepared using a κ-carrageenan and xanthan gum blend (2 % w/w, ratio 3: 1) plasticized with glycerol through the solvent casting method. Non-nanoemulsioned KET films (F-K) were prepared for comparative purposes. F-NK was flexible and hydrophilic, exhibited higher drug content and better uniformity (94.40 ± 3.61 %), maintained the NK droplet size (157 ± 12 nm), and was thinner and lighter than the F-K. This film also showed increased tensile strength and Young's modulus values, enhanced bioadhesion and occlusive potential, and resulted in more of the drug in the human skin layers. Data also suggested that nano-based formulations are homogeneous and more stable than F-KET. Hemolysis and chorioallantoic membrane tests suggested the formulations' safety. Thus, the nano-based film is suitable for cutaneous KET delivery, which may improve the drug's efficacy in managing inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Henrique Marcondes Sari
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Camila Parcianello Saccol
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Neuenschwander Custódio
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Juliê Silveira da Costa
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - André Ricardo Fajardo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia e Desenvolvimento de Compósitos e Materiais Poliméricos (LaCoPol), Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Mota Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Ip K, Song G, Banov D, Bassani AS, Liu Y, Song H, Valdez BC. Evaluation of the in vitro human skin percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen in topical anhydrous and aqueous gels. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13589. [PMID: 38396354 PMCID: PMC10891364 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain associated with inflammatory conditions. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen 10% formulated in proprietary anhydrous and aqueous gels using the Franz skin finite dose model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anhydrous gel was initially characterized for cytotoxicity using EpiDerm skin tissue model by cell proliferation assay and Western blot analysis. The Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method for measuring ketoprofen was validated and the stability of ketoprofen 10% in the anhydrous gel formulation was evaluated at 5°C and 25°C for 181 days. The percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen was determined using donated human skin. The tissue sections were mounted within Franz diffusion cells. A variable finite dose of each ketoprofen formulation in either anhydrous or aqueous gel was applied to the skin sections and receptor solutions were collected at various time points. RESULTS Cell proliferation assay showed minimal cell death when EpiDerm skin tissue was exposed to the anhydrous gel for 24 h; the levels of protein markers of cell proliferation were not affected after 17-h exposure. Ketoprofen was stable in the anhydrous gel when stored at 5°C and 25°C. When compounded in the anhydrous and aqueous gels, ketoprofen had mean flux rate of 2.22 and 2.50 μg/cm2 /h, respectively, after 48 h. The drug was distributed to the epidermis and dermis sections of the skin. Both the anhydrous and aqueous gels facilitated the percutaneous absorption of ketoprofen without statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION The anhydrous gel can be used as a base to facilitate the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. Although the anhydrous and aqueous gels can deliver a similar amount of ketoprofen, the anhydrous gel (water activity below 0.6) allows for extended default beyond-use-date of compounding preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendice Ip
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Guiyun Song
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Daniel Banov
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Hui Song
- Professional Compounding Centers of America (PCCA)HoustonTexasUSA
| | - Benigno C. Valdez
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular TherapyThe University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexasUSA
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Marei HF, El Maghraby GM, Arafa MF. Eutectic phase transition during tablet manufacture: effect of melting point of eutectic forming drug. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:811-825. [PMID: 37788184 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2264917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate eutectic transition during tableting and storage. Mixtures of lidocaine and series of NSAIDs with increasing melting point were used as model systems to guide formulators to scaleup eutectic forming materials gaining enhanced dissolution while avoiding deleterious physical changes. Physical mixtures of NSAIDs with lidocaine were prepared at eutectic forming ratio. These were directly compressed, dry co-ground before compression, or compressed after wet granulation. Dissolution of tablets was compared to corresponding dry co-ground mixture. Thermograms of direct compressed tablet were compared to co-ground mixture and pure compound. Stability of direct compressed tablets was assessed. Tableting initiated eutexia which enhanced dissolution of NSAIDs. Eutexia was associated with tablet softening in case of low melting point ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Wet granulation hastened eutexia developing unacceptable tablet in case ketoprofen and aceclofenac. Tablets prepared by direct compression of physical mixtures underwent gradual eutectic transition upon storage with the magnitude of eutectic transition reducing with increased melting point of NSAIDs. Ketoprofen was physically unstable but aceclofenac degraded chemically as well. Tenoxicam and meloxicam tablets were physically and chemically stable. Direct compression after physical mixing is the best tableting technique, but low melting point drugs should consider different strategy before compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadir F Marei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal M El Maghraby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona F Arafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
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Tzanova MM, Nguyen L, Moretti F, Grassi M, Magnano GC, Voinovich D, Stein PC, Hiorth M, di Cagno MP. Interpreting permeability as a function of free drug fraction: The case studies of cyclodextrins and liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106559. [PMID: 37544334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to solubilize poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, various strategies have been implemented over the years, including the use of nanocarriers, such as cyclodextrins and liposomes. However, improving a drug's apparent solubility does not always translate to enhanced bioavailability. This work aimed to investigate to which extent complexation with cyclodextrins and incorporation into liposomes influence drug in vitro permeability and to find a mechanistic description of the permeation process. For this purpose, we investigated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and phosphatidylcholine liposomes formulations of three chemically diverse compounds (atenolol, ketoprofen and hydrocortisone). We studied drug diffusion of the formulations by UV-localized spectroscopy and advanced data fitting to extract parameters such as diffusivity and bound-/free drug fractions. We then correlated this information with in vitro drug permeability obtained with the novel PermeaPadⓇ barrier. The results showed that increased concentration of HP-β-CD leads to increased solubilization of the poorly soluble unionized ketoprofen, as well as hydrocortisone. However, this net increment of apparent solubility was not proportional to the increased flux measured. On the other hand, normalising the flux over the empirical free drug concentration, i.e., the free fraction, gave a meaningful absolute permeability coefficient. The results achieved for the liposomal formulation were consistent with the finding on cyclodextrins. In conclusion, we proved the adequacy and usefulness of our method for calculating free drug fractions in the examined enabling formulations, supporting the validity of the established drug diffusion/permeation theory that the unbounded drug fraction is the main driver for drug permeation across a membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M Tzanova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Federica Moretti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul C Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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Manolov S, Ivanov I, Bojilov D, Nedialkov P. Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity, and HRMS Analysis of New Amphetamine Derivatives. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010151. [PMID: 36615344 PMCID: PMC9822421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the obtaining of new hybrid molecules of amphetamine with different profens (amfens). The obtained amfens are characterized by their melting points, UV, 1H-, 13C-NMR, and HRMS spectra. A complete and detailed mass spectral analysis of the newly obtained derivatives of amphetamine with ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and carprofen was performed. In vitro inhibition of albumin denaturation of each new compound was assessed, and they showed significant activity. The IC50 values of the obtained amphetamine-profen derivatives ranged from 92.81 to 159.87 µg/mL. This indicates that the new hybrids inherit the anti-inflammatory properties of profens. Using in silico method, the toxicity was also calculated. The obtained results are given in LD50 values. Depending on the route of administration, the amfens are less toxic compared to the standard amphetamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanimir Manolov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax:+359-32-261-349
| | - Dimitar Bojilov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paraskev Nedialkov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Baratta M, Tursi A, Curcio M, Cirillo G, Nezhdanov AV, Mashin AI, Nicoletta FP, De Filpo G. Removal of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs from Drinking Water Sources by GO-SWCNT Buckypapers. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227674. [PMID: 36431774 PMCID: PMC9696248 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products such as antibiotics, analgesics, steroids, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are new emerging pollutants, often present in wastewater, potentially able to contaminate drinking water resources. Adsorption is considered the cheapest and most effective technique for the removal of pollutants from water, and, recently, membranes obtained by wet filtration method of SWCNT aqueous solutions (SWCNT buckypapers, SWCNT BPs) have been proposed as self-standing porous adsorbents. In this paper, the ability of graphene oxide/single-walled carbon nanotube composite membranes (GO-SWCNT BPs) to remove some important NSAIDs, namely Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, and Naproxen, was investigated at different pH conditions (pH 4, 6, and 8), graphene oxide amount (0, 20, 40, 60, and 75 wt.%), and initial NSAIDs concentration (1, 10, and 50 ppm). For the same experimental conditions, the adsorption capacities were found to strongly depend on the graphene oxide content. The best results were obtained for 75 wt.% graphene oxide with an adsorption capacity of 118 ± 2 mg g-1 for Diclofenac, 116 ± 2 mg g-1 for Ketoprofen, and 126 ± 3 mg g-1 for Naproxen at pH 4. Overall, the reported data suggest that GO-SWCNT BPs can represent a promising tool for a cheap and fast removal of NSAIDs from drinking water resources, with easy recovery and reusability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Baratta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Antonio Tursi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Manuela Curcio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cirillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | | | - Alexandr Ivanovic Mashin
- Applied Physics & Microelectronics, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod 603105, Russia
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.N.); (G.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0984493194 (F.P.N.); +39-0984492105 (G.D.F.)
| | - Giovanni De Filpo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.N.); (G.D.F.); Tel.: +39-0984493194 (F.P.N.); +39-0984492105 (G.D.F.)
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Rüütel A, Tshepelevitsh S, Leito I. One Hundred Carboxylate Receptors. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14186-14193. [PMID: 36214741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a compilation of binding constant (logKass) values in DMSO-d6/H2O (0.5% m/m) for a variety of receptors with 12 carboxylate anions (formate, acetate, lactate, pivalate, sorbate, hexanoate, benzoate, glyphosate, glucuronate, ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen). A total of 489 logKass values are listed for 100 anion receptor molecules. Most logKass values originate from previously published articles, along with some values for previously unpublished receptor molecules, spanning a workflow of 8 years. The purpose of this study is to serve as a comprehensive information source for selecting suitable receptor candidates to be used in practical carboxylate sensing applications, such as constructing ion-selective electrodes (ISE-s). To support such decision making, all receptors are presented together with lipophilicity (logPo/w) data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alo Rüütel
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sofja Tshepelevitsh
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411Tartu, Estonia
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Betlejewska-Kielak K, Bednarek E, Budzianowski A, Michalska K, Maurin JK. Comprehensive Characterisation of the Ketoprofen-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Using X-ray Techniques and NMR Spectroscopy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134089. [PMID: 34279429 PMCID: PMC8271474 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Racemic ketoprofen (KP) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) powder samples from co-precipitation (1), evaporation (2), and heating-under-reflux (3) were analysed using X-ray techniques and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. On the basis of NMR studies carried out in an aqueous solution, it was found that in the samples obtained by methods 1 and 2, there were large excesses of β-CD in relation to KP, 10 and 75 times, respectively, while the sample obtained by method 3 contained equimolar amounts of β-CD and KP. NMR results indicated that KP/β-CD inclusion complexes were formed and the estimated binding constants were approximately 2400 M-1, showing that KP is quite strongly associated with β-CD. On the other hand, the X-ray single-crystal technique in the solid state revealed that the (S)-KP/β-CD inclusion complex with a stoichiometry of 2:2 was obtained as a result of heating-under-reflux, for which the crystal and molecular structure were examined. Among the methods used for the preparation of the KP/β-CD complex, only method 3 is suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elżbieta Bednarek
- Falsified Medicines and Medical Devices Department, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (J.K.M.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Michalska
- Department of Synthetic Drugs, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-(22)-841-18-88 (ext. 369)
| | - Jan K. Maurin
- Falsified Medicines and Medical Devices Department, National Medicines Institute, Chełmska 30/34, 00-725 Warsaw, Poland; (E.B.); (J.K.M.)
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, A. Sołtana 7, 05-400 Otwock, Poland;
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10
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Ageeva AA, Magin IM, Doktorov AB, Plyusnin VF, Kuznetsova PS, Stepanov AA, Alekseev AA, Polyakov NE, Leshina TV. Role of Chiral Configuration in the Photoinduced Interaction of D- and L-Tryptophan with Optical Isomers of Ketoprofen in Linked Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126198. [PMID: 34201293 PMCID: PMC8227724 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the L- and D-amino acid properties in proteins and peptides has attracted considerable attention in recent years, as the replacement of even one L-amino acid by its D-analogue due to aging of the body is resulted in a number of pathological conditions, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. A recent trend is using short model systems to study the peculiarities of proteins with D-amino acids. In this report, the comparison of the excited states quenching of L- and D-tryptophan (Trp) in a model donor–acceptor dyad with (R)- and (S)-ketoprofen (KP-Trp) was carried out by photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Quenching of the Trp excited states, which occurs via two mechanisms: prevailing resonance energy transfer (RET) and electron transfer (ET), indeed demonstrates some peculiarities for all three studied configurations of the dyad: (R,S)-, (S,R)-, and (S,S)-. Thus, the ET efficiency is identical for (S,R)- and (R,S)-enantiomers, while RET differs by 1.6 times. For (S,S)-, the CIDNP coefficient is almost an order of magnitude greater than for (R,S)- and (S,R)-. To understand the source of this difference, hyperpolarization of (S,S)-and (R,S)- has been calculated using theory involving the electron dipole–dipole interaction in the secular equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A. Ageeva
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Ilya M. Magin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Alexander B. Doktorov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Victor F. Plyusnin
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Polina S. Kuznetsova
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Stepanov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Alexander A. Alekseev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Nikolay E. Polyakov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
| | - Tatyana V. Leshina
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.A.); (I.M.M.); (V.F.P.); (P.S.K.); (A.A.S.); (A.A.A.); (N.E.P.); (T.V.L.)
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11
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Pyteraf J, Jamróz W, Kurek M, Szafraniec-Szczęsny J, Kramarczyk D, Jurkiewicz K, Knapik-Kowalczuk J, Tarasiuk J, Wroński S, Paluch M, Jachowicz R. How to Obtain the Maximum Properties Flexibility of 3D Printed Ketoprofen Tablets Using Only One Drug-Loaded Filament? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113106. [PMID: 34067434 PMCID: PMC8196966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flexibility of dose and dosage forms makes 3D printing a very interesting tool for personalized medicine, with fused deposition modeling being the most promising and intensively developed method. In our research, we analyzed how various types of disintegrants and drug loading in poly(vinyl alcohol)-based filaments affect their mechanical properties and printability. We also assessed the effect of drug dosage and tablet spatial structure on the dissolution profiles. Given that the development of a method that allows the production of dosage forms with different properties from a single drug-loaded filament is desirable, we developed a method of printing ketoprofen tablets with different dose and dissolution profiles from a single feedstock filament. We optimized the filament preparation by hot-melt extrusion and characterized them. Then, we printed single, bi-, and tri-layer tablets varying with dose, infill density, internal structure, and composition. We analyzed the reproducibility of a spatial structure, phase, and degree of molecular order of ketoprofen in the tablets, and the dissolution profiles. We have printed tablets with immediate- and sustained-release characteristics using one drug-loaded filament, which demonstrates that a single filament can serve as a versatile source for the manufacturing of tablets exhibiting various release characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Pyteraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (W.J.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Witold Jamróz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (W.J.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Mateusz Kurek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (W.J.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-62-05-600
| | - Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (W.J.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
| | - Daniel Kramarczyk
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (D.K.); (K.J.); (J.K.-K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (D.K.); (K.J.); (J.K.-K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Justyna Knapik-Kowalczuk
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (D.K.); (K.J.); (J.K.-K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Jacek Tarasiuk
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Sebastian Wroński
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; (J.T.); (S.W.)
| | - Marian Paluch
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (D.K.); (K.J.); (J.K.-K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Renata Jachowicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (J.P.); (W.J.); (J.S.-S.); (R.J.)
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12
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Flores-Arriaga JC, Chavarría-Bolaños D, Pozos-Guillén ADJ, Escobar-Barrios VA, Cerda-Cristerna BI. Synthesis of a PVA drug delivery system for controlled release of a Tramadol-Dexketoprofen combination. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:56. [PMID: 33961138 PMCID: PMC8105240 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06529-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The local administration of analgesic combinations by means of degradable polymeric drug delivery systems is an alternative for the management of postoperative pain. We formulated a Tramadol-Dexketoprofen combination (TDC) loaded in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film. Films were prepared by the solvent casting method using three different molecular weights of PVA and crosslinking those films with citric acid, with the objective of controlling the drug release rate, which was evaluated by UV-vis spectrometry. Non-crosslinked PVA films were also evaluated in the experiments. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of samples corroborated the crosslinking of PVA by the citric acid. Blank and loaded PVA films were tested in vitro for its impact on blood coagulation prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). The swelling capacity was also evaluated. Crosslinked PVA films of higher-molecular weight showed a prolonged release rate compared with that of the lower-molecular-weight films tested. Non-crosslinked PVA films released 11-14% of TDC. Crosslinked PVA films released 80% of the TDC loaded (p < 0.05). This suggests that crosslinking films can modify the drug release rate. The blank and loaded PVA films induced PT and PTT in the normal range. The results showed that the polymeric films evaluated here have the appropriate properties to allow films to be placed directly on surgical wounds and have the capacity for controlled drug release to promote local analgesia for the control of postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Flores-Arriaga
- Advanced Polymers Lab, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa 2055, Lomas 4a, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Daniel Chavarría-Bolaños
- Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Amaury de Jesús Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Science Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, Manuel Nava 2, Zona Universitaria, 78290, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Vladimir Alonso Escobar-Barrios
- Advanced Polymers Lab, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa 2055, Lomas 4a, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
| | - Bernardino Isaac Cerda-Cristerna
- Facultad de Odontología, Región Orizaba-Córdoba, Universidad Veracruzana, Abasolo Sur, SN, Tenango de Río Blanco, 94732, Veracruz, México.
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13
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Streit AFM, Collazzo GC, Druzian SP, Verdi RS, Foletto EL, Oliveira LFS, Dotto GL. Adsorption of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and paracetamol onto activated carbon prepared from effluent treatment plant sludge of the beverage industry. Chemosphere 2021; 262:128322. [PMID: 32962838 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals in aquatic means presents as a serious threat, since their real consequences for the environment and human health are not well known. Therefore, this work consisted of preparing and characterize sludge-derived activated carbons (beverage sludge activated carbon - BSAC and acid-treated beverage sludge activated carbon - ABSAC) to investigate their use in the pharmaceuticals adsorption in aqueous media. The morphology study has demonstrated that ABSAC, unlike BSAC, exhibited an abundant porous structure, with smaller particles and bigger roughness. Adsorption results indicated that the ABSAC was more effective that BSAC, since it presented superior surface area (642 m2 g-1) and total pore volume (0.485 cm3 g-1) values. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was more suitable to predict experimental data. Sips model best described the equilibrium data, with maximum adsorption capacities of 145, 105, and 57 mg g-1 for paracetamol, ibuprofen, and ketoprofen, respectively. Besides, the sludge-derived adsorbent was highly efficient in the treatment of a simulated drug effluent, removing 85.16% of the pharmaceutical compounds. Therefore, the material prepared in this work possesses intrinsic characteristics that make it a remarkable adsorbent to be applied in the treatment of pharmaceutical contaminants contained in industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica F M Streit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela C Collazzo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Susanne P Druzian
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo S Verdi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Edson L Foletto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luis F S Oliveira
- Universidad de La Costa, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Barranquilla, Colombia.
| | - Guilherme L Dotto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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14
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Tok KC, Gumustas M, Jibuti G, Suzen HS, Ozkan SA, Chankvetadze B. The Effect of Enantiomer Elution Order on the Determination of Minor Enantiomeric Impurity in Ketoprofen and Enantiomeric Purity Evaluation of Commercially Available Dexketoprofen Formulations. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245865. [PMID: 33322449 PMCID: PMC7763306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent study, opposite enantiomer elution order was observed for ketoprofen enantiomers on two amylose-phenylcarbamate-based chiral columns with the same chemical composition of the chiral selector but in one case with coated while in the other with an immobilized chiral selector. In the present study, the influence of this uncommon effect on method validation parameters for the determination of minor enantiomeric impurity in dexketoprofen was studied. The validated methods with two alternative elution orders for enantiomers were applied for the evaluation of enantiomeric impurity in six marketed dexketoprofen formulations from various vendors. In most of these formulations except one the content of enantiomeric impurity exceeded 0.1% (w/w).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Can Tok
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Mehmet Gumustas
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
| | - Giorgi Jibuti
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Halit Sinan Suzen
- Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara 06590, Turkey; (K.C.T.); (M.G.); (H.S.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Sibel A. Ozkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey;
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +995-595-631900
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15
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Okazaki S, Hirata A, Shogomori Y, Takemoto M, Nagata T, Hayashida E, Takeshita K. Radical reactions induced by ketoprofen in phospholipid membranes under ultraviolet light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol B 2020; 214:112090. [PMID: 33302245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
2-(3-Benzoylphenyl)propanoic acid (ketoprofen), one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, causes photocontact dermatitis by ultraviolet (UV) light as a side effect. In this study, we examined radical reactions induced by ketoprofen in the lipid membranes under UV irradiation using egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (egg-PC) liposomal membranes containing 5- or 16-doxyl stearic acid (5- or 16-DSA), which carry nitroxyl radical at the 5- or 16-position of the fatty acid chain, respectively. When the suspension of liposomal membrane was mixed with ketoprofen and irradiated with UV, electron spin resonance signal of 5- and 16-DSA in the membrane decreased. The decay consisted of fast decay and subsequent slow decay. The overall decay for 5-DSA was faster than that for 16-DSA. The rate of slower decay of 16-DSA increased with ketoprofen concentration. The bulk lipid in the membrane affected the rate of slower decay of 5-DSA; the rate increased with the amount of egg-PC and decreased in the rigid membrane composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine. When spin trapping studies with α-(4-pyridyl 1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN) and 5,5-dimetyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were performed in ketoprofen solution, C-centered radical adducts of POBN and superoxide anion radical adducts of DMPO were detected after UV irradiation. POBN suppressed the signal decay of 5-DSA in the liposomal membrane, whereas superoxide dismutase accelerated it. These results support that ketoprofen penetrates the lipid membrane and induces a radical reaction near the polar region in the membrane, and that ketoprofen-related C-centered radical is involved in the radical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Okazaki
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Ayako Hirata
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shogomori
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Megumi Takemoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Takuro Nagata
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Eriko Hayashida
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Keizo Takeshita
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan; DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
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16
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Vo AQ, Kutz G, He H, Narala S, Bandari S, Repka MA. Continuous Manufacturing of Ketoprofen Delayed Release Pellets Using Melt Extrusion Technology: Application of QbD Design Space, Inline Near Infrared, and Inline Pellet Size Analysis. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3598-3607. [PMID: 32916139 PMCID: PMC7680423 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Delayed-release dosage forms are mainly manufactured as batch processes and include coated tablets, pellets, or particles with gastric resistant polymers. Authors propose a novel approach using the hot-melt extrusion technique to prepare delayed release dosage forms via a continuous manufacturing process, a new trend in the pharmaceutical industry. A full factorial design was employed to correlate input variables, including stearic acid (SA) content, drug content, and pellet size with drug release properties of the pellets. PLS fit method suitably elaborated the relationship between input and output variables with reasonably good fit and goodness of prediction. All three input factors influenced drug release in enzyme-free simulated gastric fluid (SGF) after 120 min; however, SA content did not significantly affect drug dissolution in the enzyme-free simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). An optimized formulation and design space were determined by overlaying multiple contours established from regression equations. The continuous manufacturing process was successfully monitored using inline near-infrared (NIR) and inline particle size analysis, with drug load and pellet size being well-controlled within the design space. The obtained pellets released less than 5% after 120 min in SGF and more than 85% and 95% after 30 min and 45 min, respectively, after switching to SIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Q Vo
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Physical Chemistry and Physics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gerd Kutz
- OWL University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Pharmaceutical Engineering, Lemgo, Germany
| | - Herman He
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tewksbury, MA 01876, USA
| | - Sagar Narala
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Suresh Bandari
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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17
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Mennillo E, Pretti C, Cappelli F, Luci G, Intorre L, Meucci V, Arukwe A. Novel organ-specific effects of Ketoprofen and its enantiomer, dexketoprofen on toxicological response transcripts and their functional products in salmon. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 229:105677. [PMID: 33181407 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Racemic ketoprofen (RS-KP) and its enantiomer, dexketoprofen (S(+)-KP) are widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and commonly detected in the aquatic environment. The present study has evaluated the toxicological effects of RS-KP and S(+)-KP on biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in gills and liver of Atlantic salmon. Fish were exposed for 10 days using different concentrations of RS-KP (1, 10 and 100 μg/L) and S(+)-KP (0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L). Biotransformation and oxidative stress responses were analysed at both transcript and functional levels. In the gills, significant inhibitory effect at transcriptional and enzymatic levels were observed for biotransformation and oxidative stress responses. On the contrary, biotransformation responses were significantly increased at transcriptional and translational levels in the liver, while the associated enzymatic activities did not parallel this trend and were inhibited and further demonstrated by principal component analysis (PCA). Our findings showed that both compounds produced comparable toxicological effects, by producing organ-specific effect differences. RS-KP and S(+)-KP did not bioaccumulate in fish muscle, either due to rapid metabolism or excretion as a result of their hydrophobic properties. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects observed in the gills suggest that these drugs may not undergo first pass metabolism, that might result to downstream differences in toxicological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy; Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy; Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci", Leghorn, 57128, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway
| | - Giacomo Luci
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway; Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado (PI), 56122, Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Norway.
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18
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Miao S, Zhang H, Cui S, Yang J. Improved photocatalytic degradation of ketoprofen by Pt/MIL-125(Ti)/Ag with synergetic effect of Pt-MOF and MOF-Ag double interfaces: Mechanism and degradation pathway. Chemosphere 2020; 257:127123. [PMID: 32505037 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is a central issue to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and the utilization of visible light in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, taking MIL-125(Ti) as a host material, the Pt/MIL-125(Ti) was first prepared by solvothermal method to build the interface of Schottky junction. Ag was then introduced onto the surface of Pt/MIL-125(Ti) to form the interface with the surface plasmon resonance effect. These double interfaces in the composite play a synergistic role on the photodagradation. The morphology, crystallinity and photochemical properties of the material were tested. By comparison, Pt/MIL-125(Ti)/Ag (4 wt% Ag) exhibited the best performance in the photodegradation of ketoprofen (KP, 10 mg/L) and the degradation process conformed to the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The photodegradation rate is 0.0253 min-1, which was higher than MIL-125(Ti) (0.0009 min-1). The TOC removal efficiency of KP reached approximately 51.5%. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and free radical capture tests verified that h+ and ·OH played the prominent roles during the reaction system. The degradation process, possible pathways and reaction mechanism were proposed. The design of the double interfaces between semiconductor and noble metals is a novel strategy to enhance the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchao Miao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Houhu Zhang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, 8 Jiangwangmiao street, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Shihai Cui
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials Cycling and Pollution Control, Nanjing Normal University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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19
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Khan J, Bashir S, Khan MA, Ghaffar R, Naz A, Khan W, Ahmad S, Ullah A, Ali FL, Isreb M. Enhanced dissolution rate of Ketoprofen by fabricating into smart nanocrystals. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:2899-2904. [PMID: 32024631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The low bioavailability of Ketoprofen is associated with its hydrophobic nature that can be solved by nanonization. For this purpose, a polymeric solution with drug concentration of 3.5% w/w was formulated. The produced solution was milled for 60 minutes in DENA® mill which contains 0.2μ m yttrium reinforced zirconium beads. The Physicochemical properties, characterization including stability studies of the prepared nanoparticles were carried out using pharmacopeial techniques of zeta potential, PXRD, DSC, SEM and TEM. Results suggest that stable crystalline nanocrystals with a size of 169±1.98nm with PDI of 0.194±0.04 and zeta potential of -22.0±2.25mV were produced. Moreover, enhances in-vitro release rate of 78.6% for the processed Ketoprofen was achieved in first 5 min as compared to raw form and marketed drug which released only 22.9% and 33.1% of drug respectively. The 60 days stability studies at 4oC & 25°C revealed that polymers PVP-K30-HPMC-6cps-SDS were effective in stabilizing the nanocrystals. Comparatively stable ketoprofen nanocrystals were successfully produced by DENA® mill with marked enhanced dissolution rate. It proved a useful for commercialization technique due to high drug concentration and retention of distinct characteristics at large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan/Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan/Institute of life Science Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Sajid Bashir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & IT, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rukhsana Ghaffar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Attiqa Naz
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Wali Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Shujat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhuutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhuutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Liaqat Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science & IT, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Isreb
- Institute of life Science Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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20
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Hu J, Liu H, Xu P, Shang Y, Liu H. Investigation of Drug for Pulmonary Administration-Model Pulmonary Surfactant Monolayer Interactions Using Langmuir-Blodgett Monolayer and Molecular Dynamics Simulation: A Case Study of Ketoprofen. Langmuir 2019; 35:13452-13460. [PMID: 31524404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary administration is widely used for the treatment of lung diseases. The interaction between drug molecules and pulmonary surfactants affects the efficacy of the drug directly. The location and distribution of drug molecules in a model pulmonary surfactant monolayer under different surface pressures can provide vivid information on the interaction between drug molecules and pulmonary surfactants during the pulmonary administration. Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for pulmonary administration. The effect of ketoprofen molecules on the lipid monolayer containing 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-glycerol (DPPG) is studied by surface pressure (π)-area (A) isotherms and compressibility modulus (Cs-1)-surface pressure (π) isotherms. The location and distribution of ketoprofen molecules in a lipid monolayer under different surface pressures are explored by surface tension, density profile, radial distribution function (RDF), and the potential of mean force (PMF) simulated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The introduction of ketoprofen molecules affects the properties of DPPC/DPPG monolayers and the location and distribution of ketoprofen molecules in monolayers with various surface pressures. The existence of ketoprofen molecules hinders the formation of liquid-condensed (LC) films and decreases the compressibility of DPPC/DPPG monolayers. The location and distribution of ketoprofen molecules in the lipid monolayer are affected by cation-π interaction between the choline group of lipids and the benzene ring of ketoprofen, the steric hindrance of the lipid head groups, and the hydrophobicity of ketoprofen molecule itself, comprehensively. The contact state of lipid head group with water is determined by surface pressure, which affects the interaction between drug molecules and lipids and further dominates the location and distribution of ketoprofen in the lipid monolayer. This work confirms that ketoprofen molecules can affect the property and the inner structure of DPPC/DPPG monolayers during breathing. Furthermore, the results obtained using a mixed monolayer containing two major pulmonary surfactants DPPC/DPPG and ketoprofen molecules will be helpful for the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of inhaled administration therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Hengjiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Pu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yazhuo Shang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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Xu G, Li M, Wang Y, Zheng N, Yang L, Yu H, Yu Y. A novel Ag-BiOBr-rGO photocatalyst for enhanced ketoprofen degradation: Kinetics and mechanisms. Sci Total Environ 2019; 678:173-180. [PMID: 31075583 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ag-BiOBr-reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was synthesized for the first time and used to promote photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation. The Ag-BiOBr-rGO showed an excellent photocatalytic activity to degrade ketoprofen compared with other photocatalysts. The composites were comprehensively characterized to explore the mechanisms of the enhancement. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and scavenger experiments demonstrated that the superoxide radical was the active species. Ketoprofen was completely removed in 120 min. The high photocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst indicated that the Ag-BiOBr-rGO may have broad application prospects for eliminating pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Four reaction intermediates of ketoprofen were detected by LC-MS/MS and degradation routes were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Hongwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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22
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Ravera M, Zanellato I, Gabano E, Perin E, Rangone B, Coppola M, Osella D. Antiproliferative Activity of Pt(IV) Conjugates Containing the Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Ketoprofen and Naproxen †. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3074. [PMID: 31238499 PMCID: PMC6627341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and several non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been proven to act synergistically or at least additively on several tumor cell lines. Dual-action cisplatin-based Pt(IV) combos containing ketoprofen and naproxen offer good antiproliferative performance on a panel of human tumor cell lines, including a malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) one, a very chemoresistant tumor. The main reason of the increased activity relies on the enhanced lipophilicity of these Pt(IV) conjugates that in turn promotes increased cellular accumulation. A quick Pt(IV)→Pt(II) reduction generates the active cisplatin metabolite. The NSAID adjuvant action seems to be almost independent from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the tumor cells under investigation (lung A-549, colon HT-29, HCT 116, SW480, ovarian A2780, and biphasic MPM MSTO-211H), but it seems to rely (at least in part) on the activation of the NSAID activated gene, NAG-1 (a member of the transforming growth factor beta, TGF-β, superfamily), which has been suggested to be involved in NSAID antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Zanellato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Elena Perin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Rangone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Marco Coppola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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Hafeez A, Razvi N, Talib N, Ghayas S, Anjum F, Bushra R. Formulation optimization, in vitro characterization and stability studies of sustain release tablets of Ketoprofen. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1245-1251. [PMID: 31303597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to formulate sustain release (SR) tablets of ketoprofen. Five batches (batch I -V) of matrix based ketoprofen tablet were prepared by dry granulation method using hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (15000cps). Compatibility of formulation excipients with drug was explored through FT-IR technique. Various physical and chemical parameters of all tablet batches were evaluated with multi-point dissolution profile (for 24hrs) for formulation optimization. Release kinetics of trials was estimated by model dependent and independent methods. Formulations having excellent quality attributes were then compared with marketed ketoprofen SR tablets. Accelerated stability study was also conducted to compute the shelf life of the optimized formulation. FT-IR scans illustrated the compatibility of ketoprofen with all tablet excipients. On the basis of testing results and controlled release pattern batch II was set to be an optimized trial having shelf life of 37 months. All trial batches (batch I-V) and the marketed brand exhibited highest linearity towards zero order and Korsmeyer-Peppas model with non-fickian anomalous transport (n=0.541-0.655).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sana Ghayas
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fakhsheena Anjum
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Bushra
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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Yu C, Bahashi J, Bi E. Mechanisms and quantification of adsorption of three anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals onto goethite with/without surface-bound organic acids. Chemosphere 2019; 222:593-602. [PMID: 30731379 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often detected in surface water and groundwater. In this study, effects of environmental factors, i.e., solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and surface-bound organic acids, on bonding of three typical NSAIDs (ketoprofen, naproxen and diclofenac) onto goethite were systematically investigated. Column chromatography, batch experiments, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and surface complexation modeling were used to probe the adsorption mechanisms. Bonding of three NSAIDs onto goethite was totally reversible, ionic strength-dependent and endothermic (adsorption enthalpy 2.86-9.75 kJ/mol). These evidences supported H-bonding mechanism, which was further explained by ATR-FTIR observation and a triple planes model. Surface-bound organic acids (phthalic acid, trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid) by inner-sphere complexation with goethite were hard to be desorbed. Surface-bound phthalic acid increased the uptake of NSAIDs but surface-bound trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid reduced their adsorption. The reason is that the adsorbed phthalic acid can result in a more hydrophobic surface while adsorbed trimellitic acid and pyromellitic acid increased the surface negative charge and polarity. Finally, adsorption of NSAIDs onto goethite with/without surface-bound organic acids was well described by a free energy model, in which contributions of interactions (e.g., H-bonding and van der Waals) were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Jiayinaguli Bahashi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Erping Bi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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25
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Assaf J, Kollmeier AS, Müller C, Parr MK. Reconsidering mass spectrometric fragmentation in electron ionization mass spectrometry - new insights from recent instrumentation and isotopic labelling exemplified by ketoprofen and related compounds. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2019; 33:215-228. [PMID: 30334294 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In various fields of chemical analyses, structurally unknown analytes are considered. Proper structure confirmation may be challenged by the low amounts of analytes that are available, e.g. in early stage drug development, in metabolism studies, in toxicology or in environmental analyses. In these cases, mass spectrometric techniques are often used to build up structure proposals for these unknowns. Fragmentation reactions in mass spectrometry are known to follow definite pathways that may help to assign structural elements by fragment ion recognition. This work illustrates an investigation of fragmentation reactions for gas chromatography/electron ionization mass spectrometric characterization of benzophenone derivatives using the analgesic drug ketoprofen and seven of its related compounds as model compounds. METHODS Deuteration and 18 O-labelling experiments along with high-resolution accurate mass and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to further elucidate fragmentation pathways and to substantiate rationales for structure assignments. Low-energy ionization was investigated to increase confidence in the identity of the molecular ion. RESULTS The high-resolution mass analyses yielded unexpected differences that led to reconsideration of the proposals. Site-specific isotopic labelling helped to directly trace back fragment ions to their respective structural elements. The proposed fragmentation pathways were substantiated by MS/MS experiments. CONCLUSIONS The described method may offer a perspective to increase the level of confidence in unknown analyses, where reference material is not (yet) available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Assaf
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Müller
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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26
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Apriceno A, Astolfi ML, Girelli AM, Scuto FR. A new laccase-mediator system facing the biodegradation challenge: Insight into the NSAIDs removal. Chemosphere 2019; 215:535-542. [PMID: 30340161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely found pollutants in the aquatic environment and the currently available treatments for their removal are usually associated with some drawbacks. The aim of this research was to apply a laccase-mediator system for the degradation of some commonly used NSAIDs, namely diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NAP) and ketoprofen (KP). The biocatalyst was obtained by direct immobilization on chitosan beads of a periodate-oxided laccase from Trametes versicolor. A preliminary study aimed to optimize DCF degradation in the presence of 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as mediator. It turned out that pH 3 and a 1:1 M ratio for ABTS:drug were the best experimental conditions under which DCF was degraded at 90% after 3 h. In addition, an efficient reuse of the biocatalyst for up to 5 cycles emerged. DCF was further mixed with naproxen and ketoprofen to test whether laccase was still able to eliminate DCF and eventually act on the other compounds. At just 0.02 U of laccase activity, diclofenac was completely degraded within 3 h, while an almost complete removal for naproxen (∼90%) and a partial removal for ketoprofen (30%) occurred in 7 d when drugs were added at high concentrations (78.5 μM, 98 μM and 108 μM, respectively). After 7 d of degradation, transformation products of diclofenac, identified as hydroxylated compounds, disappeared. Naproxen products were, instead, reduced to very small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Apriceno
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Astolfi
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Girelli
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Wu L, Yang N, Li B, Bi E. Roles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic fractions of dissolved organic matter in sorption of ketoprofen to biochars. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:31486-31496. [PMID: 30203349 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic acid (HoA) and hydrophilic neutral (HiN) are two major fractions of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Their role in the sorption of ketoprofen (KTP) to wheat straw-derived biochars pyrolyzed at 300 °C (WS300) and 700 °C (WS700) was investigated to further probe the mechanisms responsible. WS700 has much higher pore volume and specific surface area (SSA) than WS300. Loading of HoA and HiN resulted in surface coverage of biochars. HoA with larger molecular size led to more pore blockage of biochars than HiN. Higher HoA binding affinity also caused a stronger competition with KTP on biochars. These factors reduced the accessibility of sorption sites for KTP, and significantly inhibited KTP sorption to biochar of lower SSA (i.e., WS300) by HoA. Water solubility (Sw) of KTP was slightly enhanced (3%) in the presence of HoA. In contrast, the presence of HiN reduced (22%) Sw of KTP. The decreased Sw of KTP by HiN exerted a more dominant influence than its competitive and loading effects, thus led to apparent enhanced sorption of KTP, especially to biochar of higher SSA (i.e., WS700). The results demonstrated the diverse effects of HoA and HiN on KTP sorption, which is helpful in understanding pharmaceutical-DOM-biochar interactions and environmental behaviors of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ningwei Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Beijing Water Science and Technology Institute, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Erping Bi
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, and MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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28
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Hykrdová L, Bajt O, Jirkovský J. Mechanism and kinetics of photochemical transformation of ketoprofen and its degradation intermediates. J Hazard Mater 2018; 353:70-79. [PMID: 29635176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen, 2-(3-benzoylphenyl)-propionic acid, a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is considered as an important water pollutant. Kinetics and mechanism of its photolytic transformation in aqueous solutions was studied experimentally and partial reaction steps were modelled by means of quantum chemistry methods. While the rate of ketoprofen photolysis was not significantly affected by its acid-base equilibrium, a marked influence of pH on the subsequent degradation reactions was observed. At pH 1.3, two oxygenated primary products were identified, that underwent fast photolysis. Deprotonated form of ketoprofen was transformed preferentially to ethylbenzophenone and further degradation proceeded substantially slower. Oxygen participated on photolytic processes both as a reactant and the triplet state quencher. The active involvement of water molecules in the reaction mechanism was investigated by comparative experiments in acetonitrile. The phototransformation mechanism proposed based on the experimental data corresponded well with the theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hykrdová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Oliver Bajt
- National Institute of Biology, Marine Biology Station, Fornace 41, 6330 Piran, Slovenia
| | - Jaromír Jirkovský
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the CAS, v.v.i., Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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Mendonsa NS, Murthy SN, Hashemnejad SM, Kundu S, Zhang F, Repka MA. Development of poloxamer gel formulations via hot-melt extrusion technology. Int J Pharm 2018; 537:122-131. [PMID: 29253585 PMCID: PMC5798890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poloxamer gels are conventionally prepared by the "hot" or the "cold" process. But these techniques have some disadvantages such as high energy consumption, requires expensive equipment and often have scale up issues. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop poloxamer gels by hot-melt extrusion technology. The model drug selected was ketoprofen. The formulations developed were 30% and 40% poloxamer gels. Of these formulations, the 30% poloxamer gels were selected as ideal gels. DSC and XRD studies showed an amorphous nature of the drug after extrusion. It was observed from the permeation studies that with increasing poloxamer concentration, a decrease in drug permeation was obtained. Other studies conducted for the formulations included in-vitro release studies, texture analysis, rheological studies and pH measurements. In conclusion, the hot-melt extrusion technology could be successfully employed to develop poloxamer gels by overcoming the drawbacks associated with the conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S Mendonsa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - S Narasimha Murthy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Seyed Meysam Hashemnejad
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - Santanu Kundu
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering, Mississippi State University, Oktibbeha County, MS 39762, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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30
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Hachuła B. The nature of hydrogen-bonding interactions in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs revealed by polarized IR spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2018; 188:189-196. [PMID: 28711781 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of hydrogen-bonding interactions in the solid phase on the IR spectroscopic pattern of the νOH band of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was studied experimentally by IR spectroscopy with the use of polarized light at two temperatures (293K and 77K) and in isotopic dilution. The neat and deuterated crystals of (S)-naproxen ((S)-NPX), (R)-flurbiprofen ((R)-FBP), (RS)-flurbiprofen ((RS)-FBP) and (RS)-ketoprofen ((RS)-KTP) were obtained by melt crystallization between the two squeezed CaF2 plates. The vibrational spectra of selected α-aryl propionic acid derivatives (2APAs) reflected the characteristics of their hydrogen-bond networks, i.e., 2APAs were characterized by the chain ((S)-NPX, (R)-FBP) and by dimeric ((RS)-FBP, (RS)-KTP) arrangement of hydrogen bonds in the crystal lattice. Spectroscopic results showed that the interchain (through-space) exciton coupling, between two laterally-spaced hydrogen bonds, dominates in the crystals of four NSAIDs. The same exciton coupled hydrogen bonds were also responsible for the H/D isotopic recognition mechanism in the crystalline spectra of deuterated 2APAs. The presented spectral results may help to predict the hydrogen bond motifs in the crystalline NSAIDs, which structures are not yet known, based on their IR spectra of hydrogen bond in the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hachuła
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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Mennillo E, Arukwe A, Monni G, Meucci V, Intorre L, Pretti C. Ecotoxicological properties of ketoprofen and the S(+)-enantiomer (dexketoprofen): Bioassays in freshwater model species and biomarkers in fish PLHC-1 cell line. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:201-212. [PMID: 28796322 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has resulted in their ubiquitous presence in the environment. The toxicological properties of these 2 widely prescribed NSAIDs, namely racemic ketoprofen and its enantiomer S(+)-ketoprofen (dexketoprofen), were evaluated, firstly, by acute and chronic toxicity tests using 3 representative model organisms (Vibrio fischeri, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and, secondly, by evaluating the responses of biotransformation systems and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP1/MRP2) using the Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma 1 (PLHC-1) fish hepatic cell line. Toxicity data from both acute and chronic dexketoprofen exposure indicated higher sensitivity through inhibition of bioluminescence and algal growth and through increased mortality/immobilization compared to racemic ketoprofen exposure. The growth inhibition test showed that racemic ketoprofen and dexketoprofen exhibited different effect concentration values (240.2 and 65.6 μg/L, respectively). Furthermore, racemic ketoprofen and dexketoprofen did not exert cytotoxic effects in PLHC-1 cells and produced compound-, time-, and concentration-specific differential effects on cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and glutathione S-transferase levels. For CYP1A, the effects of racemic ketoprofen and dexketoprofen differed at the transcriptional and catalytic levels. Exposure to racemic ketoprofen and dexketoprofen modulated MRP1 and MRP2 mRNA levels, and these effects were also dependent on compound, exposure time, and concentration of the individual drug. The present study revealed for the first time the interactions between these NSAIDs and key detoxification systems and different sensitivity to the racemic mixture compared to its enantiomer. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:201-212. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gianfranca Monni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
- Interuniversity Center of Marine Biology (CIBM) "G. Bacci," Livorno, Italy
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Kumar R, Singh A, Garg N, Siril PF. Solid lipid nanoparticles for the controlled delivery of poorly water soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ultrason Sonochem 2018; 40:686-696. [PMID: 28946474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (IBP) are among the most prescribed drugs across the globe. However, most NSAIDs are insoluble in water leading them to have poor bioavailability and erratic absorption. Moreover, NSAIDs such as IBP and ketoprofen (KP) have to be administered very frequently due to their short plasma half-life leading to side effects. Controlled release formulations of IBP, KP and nabumetone (NBT) based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were successfully synthesised in the present study to solve the above-mentioned challenges that are associated with NSAIDs. SLNs were prepared in two steps; hot-melt homogenization followed by sonication to formulate SLNs with spherical morphology. While capmul® GMS-50K (capmul) was used as the lipid due to the high solubility of the studied drugs in it, gelucire® 50/13 (gelucire) was used as the surfactant. It was found that particle size was directly proportional to drug concentration and inversely proportional to surfactant concentration, volume of water added and temperature of water. Ultrasonication in a pulse mode with optimum duration of 15min was essential to obtain smaller nanoparticles through the formation of a nanoemulsion. Drug loaded SLNs with small particle size and narrow size distribution with good solid loading, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading percentage could be prepared using the optimised conditions. SLNs prepared at the optimised condition were characterized thoroughly by using different techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The cytotoxicity results showed that the prepared SLNs are non-toxic to Raw cell line. The drugs IBP, KP and NBT showed 53, 74 and 69% of percentage entrapment efficiency with drug loading of 6, 2 and 7% respectively. Slow, steady and sustained drug release was observed from the SLNs for over 6days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Prem Felix Siril
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India; Advanced Material Research Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi 175005, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Li J, Ma LY, Li LS, Xu L. Photodegradation kinetics, transformation, and toxicity prediction of ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid in aqueous solutions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017; 36:3232-3239. [PMID: 28718961 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation of 3 commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid, was conducted under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The kinetic results showed that the 3 pharmaceuticals obeyed the first-order reaction with decreasing rate constants of 1.54 × 10-4 , 5.91 × 10-5 , and 7.78 × 10-6 s-1 for carprofen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac acid, respectively. Moreover, the main transformation products were identified by ion-pair liquid-liquid extraction combined with injection port derivatization-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometric analysis. There were 8, 3, and 6 transformation products identified for ketoprofen, carprofen, and diclofenac acid, respectively. Decarboxylation, dechlorination, oxidation, demethylation, esterification, and cyclization were proposed to be associated with the transformation of the 3 pharmaceuticals. Toxicity prediction of the transformation products was conducted on the EPI Suite software based on ECOSAR model, and the results indicate that some of the transformation products were more toxic than the parent compounds. The present study provides the foundation to understand the transformation behavior of the studied pharmaceuticals under UV irradiation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3232-3239. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, China
| | - Li-Yun Ma
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Shuang Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Feng Y, Song Q, Lv W, Liu G. Degradation of ketoprofen by sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes: Kinetics, mechanisms, and effects of natural water matrices. Chemosphere 2017; 189:643-651. [PMID: 28965059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KET) is a mostly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has been frequently detected in wastewater effluents and surface waters. In this study, we investigated the degradation of KET by sulfate radical (SO4-) based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) in aqueous solution. The degradation kinetics, mechanisms, and effects of natural water matrices on thermally activated persulfate (TAP) oxidation of KET were systematically investigated. Increasing the temperature and persulfate (PS) concentrations greatly enhanced the degradation of KET. KET degradation is pH-dependent with an optimum pH of 5.0. Reactions in the presence of radical quenchers revealed the dominant role of SO4- in oxidizing KET. Water matrix significantly influenced the degradation of KET. The common inorganic anions present in natural waters exhibited inhibitory effect on KET degradation, and the inhibition followed the order of Cl- > CO32- > HCO3- > NO3-; however, no significant inhibition of KET degradation was observed in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) suppressed KET degradation, and the suppression increased as NOM concentration increase. Products identification and mineralization experiments revealed that KET and its degradation intermediates were finally transformed into CO2 and H2O. The results of this study indicated that applying SR-AOPs for the remediation of KET contaminated water matrix is technically possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qingyun Song
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wenying Lv
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Guoguang Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Assaf J, Gomes DZ, Wuest B, Parr MK. Photostability testing using online reactor HPLC hyphenation and mass spectrometric compound identification illustrated by ketoprofen as model compound. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:414-422. [PMID: 28732306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigations on the photochemical stability of pharmaceutical substances are mandatory in drug development and licensing as photo-induced degradation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) may not only lead to decreased API concentrations but also to toxic or reactive products. Thus, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) issued Guidance for Industry Q1B "Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products" for testing of pure but also packed drugs. However, photoproducts are also known to be generated in vivo under sunlight exposure of the skin and lead to considerable amounts of adverse drug effects. Herein we present an alternative system that may be used for photostability testing mimicking both situations. It combines a tailored photoreactor with an exchangeable pen light source and a modified HPLC system with online-SPE. Identification of photoproducts may be performed using mass spectrometry. The potential of accurate mass spectrometry as a tool for identification of photoproducts was demonstrated as well. A comparison of the online photoreactor system and the traditional photochamber irradiation was performed using ketoprofen for proof of concept. In both designs acetylbenzophenone and ethylbenzophenone were detected as main photoproducts. The new device allows for fast and easy photostability studies that may help to reduce time consuming in vitro experiments and animal trials. Using state of the art instruments kinetic studies could also easily be performed with qualitative and quantitative perspectives combined into one experimental design with only very low amounts of API needed. This may be useful in early drug development, where only small amounts of API are available. Scale-up may also be easily realized for the generation of reference material for quantification and quality control (QC) processes as well as for toxicity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaber Assaf
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diego Zulkiewicz Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany; IPT-Institute for Technological Research, LAQ-Chemical Analysis Laboratory, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Aché Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Guarulhos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Nguyen LN, Hai FI, McDonald JA, Khan SJ, Price WE, Nghiem LD. Continuous transformation of chiral pharmaceuticals in enzymatic membrane bioreactors for advanced wastewater treatment. Water Sci Technol 2017; 76:1816-1826. [PMID: 28991796 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates continuous enantiomeric inversion and further biotransformation of chiral profens including ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen by an enzymatic membrane bioreactor (EMBR) dosed with laccase. The EMBR showed non-enantioselective transformations, with high and consistent transformation of both (R)- and (S)-ibuprofen (93 ± 6%, n = 10), but lower removals of both enantiomers of naproxen (46 ± 16%, n = 10) and ketoprofen (48 ± 17%, n = 10). Enantiomeric analysis revealed a bidirectional but uneven inversion of the profens, for example 14% inversion of (R)- to (S)- compared to 4% from (S)- to (R)-naproxen. With redox-mediator addition, the enzymatic chiral inversion of both (R)- and (S)-profens remained unchanged, although the overall conversion became enantioselective; except for (S)-naproxen, the addition of redox mediator promoted the degradation of (R)-profens only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong N Nguyen
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia E-mail: ; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia E-mail:
| | - James A McDonald
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Stuart J Khan
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - William E Price
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia E-mail:
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Bignon E, Marazzi M, Besancenot V, Gattuso H, Drouot G, Morell C, Eriksson LA, Grandemange S, Dumont E, Monari A. Ibuprofen and ketoprofen potentiate UVA-induced cell death by a photosensitization process. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8885. [PMID: 28827702 PMCID: PMC5566383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09406-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal 2-arylproprionic acids are widely used, over-the-counter, anti-inflammatory drugs. Photosensitivity is a commonly overlooked adverse effect of these drugs. Based on the combined use of cell viability assays and molecular modeling, we prove and rationalize the photochemical pathways triggering photosensitization for two drugs, ibuprofen and ketoprofen. As its parent compound benzophenone, ketoprofen produces singlet oxygen, upon triplet manifold population. However, ibuprofen and ketoprofen photodissociate and hence may generate two highly reactive radicals. The formation of metastable aggregates between the two drugs and B-DNA is also directly probed by molecular dynamics. Our approach characterizes the coupled influence of the drug's intrinsic photochemistry and the interaction pattern with DNA. The photosensitization activity of nonsteroidal 2-arylproprionic acids, being added to gels and creams for topical use, should be crucially analyzed and rationalized to enact the proper preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Bignon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon1 (UCBL) CNRS, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F69342, Lyon, France
| | - Marco Marazzi
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, Université de Lorraine - Nancy, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, CNRS, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Vanessa Besancenot
- CRAN, UMR 7039 Université de Lorraine-Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Hugo Gattuso
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, Université de Lorraine - Nancy, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, CNRS, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Drouot
- CRAN, UMR 7039 Université de Lorraine-Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
- CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Christophe Morell
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, Université de Lyon1 (UCBL) CNRS, ENS Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Leif A Eriksson
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9 c, 40530, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Grandemange
- CRAN, UMR 7039 Université de Lorraine-Nancy, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
- CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
| | - Elise Dumont
- Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, F69342, Lyon, France.
| | - Antonio Monari
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, Université de Lorraine - Nancy, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
- Theory-Modeling-Simulation, CNRS, SRSMC, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, Nancy, France.
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Zhang Y, Price GW, Jamieson R, Burton D, Khosravi K. Sorption and desorption of selected non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in an agricultural loam-textured soil. Chemosphere 2017; 174:628-637. [PMID: 28199939 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used pharmaceutical products with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects that are consistently detected in municipal wastewater systems and in municipal biosolids. Land application of biosolids and irrigation with reclaimed wastewater introduces these compounds into agricultural environments, which is an emerging issue of concern for ecosystem health. In this study, the sorption-desorption behaviour of four commonly consumed NSAIDs, including naproxen (NPX), ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KTF), and diclofenac (DCF), was examined in a loam textured soil exposed to either an individual-compound or a mixture of the four NSAIDs. The proportion of NSAIDs adsorbed to the soil in the mixture-compound system was 72%, 55%, 50% and 45%, for diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen, and ibuprofen, respectively, and differed slightly from the individual compound adsorption. Diclofenac displayed strong sorption and low desorption in both the individual-compound and mixture-compound systems. Naproxen and ibuprofen exhibited significant differences between the adsorption isotherms of the individual-compound and mixture-compound systems. Results of this study highlight differences in the sorption behaviour of NSAIDs, when present as mixtures, possibly through multilayer bonding effects or complexation with cationic metals or organo-clays from the soil. Soil organic matter (SOM) may have played a role in determining some of the interactions between the compounds but other factors associated with the mixture-compound system, such as cation bridging or multilayer cooperative adsorption. Desorption data suggests that the mechanisms involved in binding NSAIDs to the soil surface are also influence by the presence of other compounds in a mixture. A reduction in desorption was observed for all four NSAIDs in the mixture-compound system relative to the individual-compound system, but were greatest for naproxen and ibuprofen. The sorption-desorption hysteresis increased for naproxen and ibuprofen in the mixture-compound system. This study suggests that cooperative adsorption plays a role in the interaction of NSAIDs when present as mixtures rather than as individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - R Jamieson
- Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - D Burton
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - K Khosravi
- Centre for Built Environment, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering Technology, Seneca College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gorman G, Sokom S, Coward L, Arnold JJ. Development and Application of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Stability-Indicating Assay for Beyond-Use Date Determination of Compounded Topical Gels Containing Multiple Active Drugs. Int J Pharm Compd 2017; 21:164-170. [PMID: 28346213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Topical gels compounded by pharmacists are important clinical tools for the management of pain. Nevertheless, there is often a dearth of information about the chemical stability of drugs included in these topical formulations, complicating the assignment of beyond-use dating. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array-based stability-indicating assay that could simultaneously resolve six drugs (amitriptyline, baclofen, clonidine, gabapentin, ketoprofen, lidocaine) commonly included in topical gels for pain management and their potential degradation products. Furthermore, this method was applied to the determination of beyond-use dating of combinations of these drugs prepared in commonly utilized bases (Lipobase, Lipoderm, Pluronic organogel). Gabapentin was determined to be the least stable component in all formulations tested. Measured stability ranged between 7 to 49 days depending on the base and other active drugs present in the formulation. In the absence of gabapentin, baclofen was the next least stable component, lasting for 120 days, regardless of the type of formulating base used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Gorman
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama.
| | - Simara Sokom
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lori Coward
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John J Arnold
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, Alabama
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Knych HK, Arthur RM, Steinmetz S, McKemie DS. Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen enantiomers following intravenous and oral administration to exercised Thoroughbred horses. Vet J 2017; 207:196-8. [PMID: 27152386 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketoprofen (KTP) is currently only available as an injectable formulation for intravenous administration to horses. The primary goal of the study reported here was to characterize the pharmacokinetics of KTP, including determination of bioavailability following oral administration of the currently available injectable formulation as well as a paste formulation. KTP was administered intravenously and orally, and blood and urine samples were collected at various time points up to 96 h. KTP enantiomer concentrations were determined using LC–MS/MS, and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed. Mean ± standard error values for systemic clearance, steady state volume of distribution and terminal elimination half-life were 0.345 ± 0.033 [R(−) KTP] and 0.167 ± 0.016 [S(+) KTP] L/kg/h, 0.344 ± 0.044 [R(−) KTP] and 0.298 ± 0.025 [S(+) KTP] L/kg, and 2.49 ± 0.077 [R(−) KTP] and 2.86 ± 0.102 [S(+) KTP] h, respectively. Oral bioavailability was calculated as 69.5 ± 10.3% and 88.2 ± 15.9% for R(−) KTP and S(+) KTP, respectively, following administration of the injectable formulation and 53.0 ± 6.0 and 53.0 ± 16.0% for the R(−) KTP and S(+) KTP, respectively, following administration of KTP paste.
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Chawla G, Ranjan C, Kumar J, Siddiqui AA. Chemical Modifications of Ketoprofen (NSAID) in Search of Better Lead Compounds: A Review of Literature From 2004-2016. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2017; 15:154-177. [PMID: 28215167 DOI: 10.2174/1871523016666170217094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketoprofen, a potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic drug belonging to the propionic acid class was synthesized in 1968. Rapid absorption, simple metabolism, faster blood brain barrier crossing and high antinociceptive activity are the features responsible for its high use. But, free acidic moiety present in its structure is the major factor that declines its popularity by causing various gastric side effects. Many researchers have chemically modified this drug with the aim to discover an improved and safe NSAID candidate or a new drug with altered activity. We thoroughly searched the literature and found that during the period 2004-2016, more than fifty reports are available on chemical modification of ketoprofen. Along with this, many patents involving chemical modification of ketoprofen have also been reported. However, it was very surprising to note that there are only a few review articles available covering only its pharmacological and clinical properties. There is no review article available covering the chemistry part of ketoprofen. This motivated us to compile the information available on ketoprofen and its derivatives. The purpose of this article is to present an updated review about this topic. METHODS We thoroughly searched the peer reviewed research literature and compiled all such reportings (2004 onwards) for the benefit of researchers who further want to work on ketoprofen or other NSAIDs. RESULTS Studies have been conducted to invent strategies to reduce the ulcerogenic properties of ketoprofen and in the course of time, its modified and improved derivatives have been synthesized in search of safer NSAIDs. Along with the aim of reducing the gastric side-effects, researchers have also done chemical modifications in the structure of ketoprofen to improve its solubility, to alter its blood brain-barrierr permeability, to improve its pharmacodynamic profile and to get derivatives possessing antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer and immunomodulatory activities. CONCLUSION The findings of the review confirm that chemical modifications of ketoprofen decrease ulcer producing side effect while maintaining its desirable actions. Some derivatives were also found to possess better activity profile compared to the parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062. India
| | - Chanda Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062. India
| | - Jagdish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062. India
| | - Anees A Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062. India
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Zafar F, Shoaib MH, Ali H, Yousuf RI, Naqvi GR, Nisa Z, Shafiq Y. Pharmaceutical and in vitro therapeutic equivalence studies of ketoprofen enteric coated 100 mg tablets. Pak J Pharm Sci 2017; 30:179-186. [PMID: 28603129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the quality of six different brands of enteric coated Ketoprofen 100 mg tablets, KPB2 to KPB6 are available in commercial market of Karachi, Pakistan, while KPB1 was obtained from international source. We performed different physico-chemical assessments i.e. weight variation, diameter, hardness, friability, thickness, disintegration, content uniformity, assay and dissolution test. Results of all the investigations were found to be in adequate limits. Also pharmaceutical equivalence was determined by selecting different tests and assay assessment. Furthermore, in vitro therapeutic equivalence was also estimated at phosphate buffer pH 6.8 and 7.5. Results were evaluated by one way ANOVA, model independent and model dependent methods. ANOVA results showed that release behaviour were found to be similar as p values >0.05, also KPB 1 - KPB6 followed Weibull model at different dissolution media. Results indicated that innovator and brands not only passes the pharmaceutical equivalence assessment but also comply with the in vitro therapeutic equivalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farya Zafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan / Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Harris Shoaib
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Huma Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan / Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Ismail Yousuf
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Raza Naqvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zebun Nisa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Yusra Shafiq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University Karachi, Pakistan
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Hanamoto S, Hasegawa E, Nakada N, Yamashita N, Tanaka H. Modeling the fate of a photoproduct of ketoprofen in urban rivers receiving wastewater treatment plant effluent. Sci Total Environ 2016; 573:810-816. [PMID: 27592468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photoproducts of pharmaceuticals have been studied in order not to overlook their potential risks to aquatic organisms. However, no studies have verified an equation for predicting the fate of photoproducts in aquatic environment (Poiger equation) by field measurements, leaving uncertainties in its practical utility. Therefore, we conducted this study to test the applicability of the Poiger equation to 3-ethylbenzophenone (EBP), a photoproduct of ketoprofen (KTP). Photolysis experiments determined the fraction of KTP transformed into EBP as 0.744±0.074 and the quantum yield of EBP degradation as 0.000418±0.000090. Field studies in urban rivers and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) revealed that EBP was produced by sunlight, mainly in the rivers, but also appreciably in outdoor primary and secondary clarifiers in the WWTPs. We developed a model in the secondary clarifiers, disinfection tanks, and rivers by incorporating the Poiger equation, which was effective at predicting the concentrations of EBP in the river waters and wastewaters. Thus, our first trial of verification by field measurements enhanced the practical utility of the Poiger equation, though further study including several photoproducts should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Hanamoto
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan.
| | - Eisuke Hasegawa
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Norihide Nakada
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamashita
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga 520-0811, Japan
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Mir-Tutusaus JA, Sarrà M, Caminal G. Continuous treatment of non-sterile hospital wastewater by Trametes versicolor: How to increase fungal viability by means of operational strategies and pretreatments. J Hazard Mater 2016; 318:561-570. [PMID: 27469044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hospital wastewaters have a high load of pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs). Fungal treatments could be appropriate for source treatment of such effluents but the transition to non-sterile conditions proved to be difficult due to competition with indigenous microorganisms, resulting in very short-duration operations. In this article, coagulation-flocculation and UV-radiation processes were studied as pretreatments to a fungal reactor treating non-sterile hospital wastewater in sequential batch operation and continuous operation modes. The influent was spiked with ibuprofen and ketoprofen, and both compounds were successfully degraded by over 80%. UV pretreatment did not extent the fungal activity after coagulation-flocculation measured as laccase production and pellet integrity. Sequential batch operation did not reduce bacteria competition during fungal treatment. The best strategy was the addition of a coagulation-flocculation pretreatment to a continuous reactor, which led to an operation of 28days without biomass renovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mir-Tutusaus
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sarrà
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química Biològica i Ambiental, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Caminal
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC) CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Anacardio R, Bartolini S, Gentile MM, Bagnasco M, Carlucci G. HPLC Investigated Physicochemical Compatibility between Artrosilene® Injectable Solution and other Pharmaceutical Products Frequently Used for Combined Therapy into Elastomeric Baxter LV5 Infusion Devices. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 18:791-8. [PMID: 16388729 DOI: 10.1177/039463200501800423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent frequently administered by slow intravenous infusion with portable elastomeric infusion systems in association regimen with other analgesic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical compatibility between ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) and other injectable drugs frequently used in association, such as tramadol hydrochloride, keterolac tromethamine and morphine hydrochloride, into the Infusor LV5, Baxter elastomeric infusion system. Physicochemical properties of drug mixture, including colour, clarity, pH and drug content were observed or measured by a reversed-phase HPLC method with UV detection, before and after (up to 7 days) mixing at room temperature and under light protection. The results obtained demonstrated the physicochemical compatibility of ketoprofen lysine salt (Artrosilene®, injectable solution) with all drug formulations at every tested mixing ratios into Baxer Infusor LV5 infusion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anacardio
- Dompé Research and Development, Pharmaceutical Development Department, Dompé SpA, L'Aquila, Italy
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Stawarski T, Sieradzki E, Gałecka E, Binek K. KINETICS STUDY ON KETOPROFEN RELEASE FROM MINI TABLETS AND MULTI-COMPARTMENT SYSTEMS. Acta Pol Pharm 2016; 73:731-737. [PMID: 27476291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to multi-compartment systems it is possible to modify drug release. Two types of mini tablets containing 12.5 mg of ketoprofen were made: mini tablets of immediate (IR) and sustained (SR) release. Some of the tablets of immediate release were coated with an enteric coating, thereby obtaining a delayed release effect (IRc). For each tablet type, release profiles were tested in three media: 0.1 M HCl, phosphate buffer pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. Based on the obtained results, three appropriate multi-compartment models have been constructed and tested. The factor limiting the amount of available ketoprofen at the absorption place is pH of the environment. It was observed that the increase in pH caused the increase of ketoprofen solubility. Constructed multi-compartment systems allowed to change the composition and the dose of medicinal substances easily. Thanks to this it is possible to adjust the release profile of the active substance to the individual patient, which meets the expectations of personalized medicine.
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Polonini HC, Loures S, Lima LC, Ferreira AO, Brandão MAF. Stability of Atenolol, Clonazepam, Dexamethasone, Diclofenac Sodium, Diltiazem, Enalapril Maleate, Ketoprofen, Lamotrigine, Penicillamine-D, and Thiamine in SyrSpend SF PH4 Oral Suspensions. Int J Pharm Compd 2016; 20:167-174. [PMID: 27323429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of 10 commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients compounded in oral suspensions using SyrSpend SF PH4 (atenolol 1.0 and 5.0 mg/mL, clonazepam 0.2 mg/mL, dexamethasone 1.0 mg/mL, diclofenac sodium 5.0 mg/mL, diltiazem 12.0 mg/mL, enalapril maleate 1.0 mg/mL, ketoprofen 20.0 mg/mL, lamotrigine 1.0 mg/mL, penicillamine-D 50.0 mg/mL, thiamine 100 mg/m) and stored both at controlled refrigerated (2°C to 8°C) and room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Stability was assessed by means of measuring percent recovery at varying time points throughout a 90-day period. The quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredients was performed by a stability-indicating, high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The beyond-use date of the products was found to be at least 90 days for all suspensions (except atenolol 1 mg/mL, which was stable up to 60 days), both for controlled refrigerated temperature and room temperature. This confirms that SyrSpend SF PH4 is a stable suspending vehicle for compounding with a broad range of different active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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48
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Waters LJ, Bhuiyan AKMMH. Ionisation effects on the permeation of pharmaceutical compounds through silicone membrane. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 141:553-557. [PMID: 26896663 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silicone membrane is frequently used as an in vitro skin mimic whereby experiments incorporate a range of buffered media which may vary in pH. As a consequence of such variability in pH there is a corresponding variability in the degree of ionisation which in turn, could influence permeation through the mainly hydrophobic-rich membrane structure. This study reports the effect of pH on the permeation of five model compounds (benzoic acid, benzotriazole, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and lidocaine). For the five compounds analysed, each at three distinct percentages of ionisation, it was found that the greater extent of permeation was always for the more 'neutral', i.e. more greatly unionised, species rather than the anionic or cationic species. These findings fit with the theory that the hydrophobic membrane encourages permeation of 'lipid-like' structures, i.e. the more unionised form of compounds. However, results obtained with an Inverse Gas Chromatography Surface Energy Analyser (iGC SEA) indicate the membrane surface to be an electron dense environment. In the knowledge that unionised forms of compounds permeate (rather than the charged species) this negatively charged surface was not anticipated, i.e. the basic membrane surface did not appear to affect permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Waters
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - A K M M H Bhuiyan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
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Ahmed M, Azam F, Gbaj A, Zetrini AE, Abodlal AS, Rghigh A, Elmahdi E, Hamza A, Salama M, Bensaber SM. Ester Prodrugs of Ketoprofen: Synthesis, In Vitro Stability, In Vivo Biological Evaluation and In Silico Comparative Docking Studies Against COX-1 and COX-2. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2016; 13:41-57. [PMID: 26785683 DOI: 10.2174/1570163813666160119092807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prompted by the ineptness of the currently used non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to control gastric mucosal and renal adverse reactions, several ester prodrugs of ketoprofen were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral data. Physicochemical properties such as aqueous solubility, octanol-water partition coefficient log P, chemical stability and enzymatic hydrolysis of the synthesized molecules have been studied to assess their potential as prodrugs. The obtained results confirmed that all ester prodrugs are chemically stable, possess increased lipophilicity compared to their parent compounds and converted to the active drugs in vivo. All of the tested ester prodrugs exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity ranging from 91.8% to 113.3% in comparison with the parent drug, ketoprofen. A mutual prodrug obtained from two antiinflammatory molecules, ketoprofen and salicylic acid has been noted to potentiate the activity making it most active molecule of the series. The ulcerogenic index of the ester prodrugs was significantly lower than the parent drug, ketoprofen. Comparative docking studies against X-ray crystal structures of COX-1 and COX-2 further provided understanding of their interaction with the cyclooxygenases that will facilitate design of better inhibitors (or prodrugs) with sufficient specificity for COX-2 against COX-1. The study offers an innovative strategy for finding a molecule with safer therapeutic profile for longterm treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Ahmed
- #1, 62 Vroom Street, Jersey City, NJ 07306, USA.
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50
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Karlina MV, Kosman VM, Pozharitskaya ON, Shikov AN, Makarov VG. [EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PHARMACOKINETICS OF KETOPROFEN NANOSYSTEM FOR INHALATION ADMINISTRATION.]. Eksp Klin Farmakol 2016; 79:21-24. [PMID: 29782741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen nanosystem was studied in outbred rats after single endotracheal administration. Ketoprofen was analyzed in blood serum and tissues by HPLC with UV detection. After endotracheal administration of the nanosystem, ketoprofen rapidly appears in systemic blood flow and its concentration in blood serum reaches maximum after 15 min. The maximum drug concentration in tissues was observed near the site of introduction, namely, in lungs Ketoprofen showed moderate penetration in tissues with high vascularization, and weak penetration in tissues with moderate vascularization. After endotracheal administration of the nanosystem, only small amount of ketoprofen overcomes the blood brain barrier.
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