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Streitfeld WS, Dalton AC, Howley BV, Howe PH. PCBP1 regulates LIFR through FAM3C to maintain breast cancer stem cell self-renewal and invasiveness. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2271638. [PMID: 37927213 PMCID: PMC10629429 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2271638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The poly(rC) binding protein 1 gene (PCBP1) encodes the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNPE1), a nucleic acid-binding protein that plays a tumor-suppressive role in the mammary epithelium by regulating phenotypic plasticity and cell fate. Following the loss of PCBP1 function, the FAM3C gene (encoding the Interleukin-like EMT inducer, or "ILEI" protein) and the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene are upregulated. Interaction between FAM3C and LIFR in the extracellular space induces phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3). Overexpression and/or hyperactivity of STAT3 has been detected in 40% of breast cancer cases and is associated with a poor prognosis. Herein, we characterize feed-forward regulation of LIFR expression in response to FAM3C/LIFR/STAT3 signaling in mammary epithelial cells. We show that PCBP1 upregulates LIFR transcription through activity at the LIFR promoter, and that FAM3C participates in transcriptional regulation of LIFR. Additionally, our bioinformatic analysis reveals a signature of transcriptional regulation associated with FAM3C/LIFR interaction and identifies the TWIST1 transcription factor as a downstream effector that participates in the maintenance of LIFR expression. Finally, we characterize the effect of LIFR expression in cell-based experiments that demonstrate the promotion of invasion, migration, and self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), consistent with previous studies linking LIFR expression to tumor initiation and metastasis in mammary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. Streitfeld
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Annamarie C. Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Breege V. Howley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Philip H. Howe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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2
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Spencer N, Rodriguez Sanchez AL, Gopalam R, Subbarayalu P, Medina DM, Yang X, Ramirez P, Randolph L, Aller EJ, Santhamma B, Rao MK, Tekmal RR, Nair HB, Kost ER, Vadlamudi RK, Viswanadhapalli S. The LIFR Inhibitor EC359 Effectively Targets Type II Endometrial Cancer by Blocking LIF/LIFR Oncogenic Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17426. [PMID: 38139260 PMCID: PMC10744027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (ECa) is the most common female gynecologic cancer. When comparing the two histological subtypes of endometrial cancer, Type II tumors are biologically more aggressive and have a worse prognosis than Type I tumors. Current treatments for Type II tumors are ineffective, and new targeted therapies are urgently needed. LIFR and its ligand, LIF, have been shown to play a critical role in the progression of multiple solid cancers and therapy resistance. The role of LIF/LIFR in the progression of Type II ECa, on the other hand, is unknown. We investigated the role of LIF/LIFR signaling in Type II ECa and tested the efficacy of EC359, a novel small-molecule LIFR inhibitor, against Type II ECa. The analysis of tumor databases has uncovered a correlation between diminished survival rates and increased expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), suggesting a potential connection between altered LIF expression and unfavorable overall survival in Type II ECa. The results obtained from cell viability and colony formation assays demonstrated a significant decrease in the growth of Type II ECa LIFR knockdown cells in comparison to vector control cells. Furthermore, in both primary and established Type II ECa cells, pharmacological inhibition of the LIF/LIFR axis with EC359 markedly decreased cell viability, long-term cell survival, and invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Additionally, EC359 treatment reduced the activation of pathways driven by LIF/LIFR, such as AKT, mTOR, and STAT3. Tumor progression was markedly inhibited by EC359 treatment in two different patient-derived xenograft models in vivo and patient-derived organoids ex vivo. Collectively, these results suggest LIFR inhibitor EC359 as a possible new small-molecule therapeutics for the management of Type II ECa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Spencer
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Alondra Lee Rodriguez Sanchez
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Rahul Gopalam
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Panneerdoss Subbarayalu
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (P.S.); (D.M.M.); (M.K.R.)
| | - Daisy M. Medina
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (P.S.); (D.M.M.); (M.K.R.)
| | - Xue Yang
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Paulina Ramirez
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Lois Randolph
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Emily Jean Aller
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | | | - Manjeet K. Rao
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (P.S.); (D.M.M.); (M.K.R.)
| | - Rajeshwar Rao Tekmal
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | | | - Edward R. Kost
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
| | - Ratna K. Vadlamudi
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Audie L. Murphy Division, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Division of Reproductive Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (N.S.); (A.L.R.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (P.R.); (L.R.); (E.J.A.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.); (R.K.V.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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3
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Zhou Y, Stevis PE, Cao J, Saotome K, Wu J, Glatman Zaretsky A, Haxhinasto S, Yancopoulos GD, Murphy AJ, Sleeman MW, Olson WC, Franklin MC. Structural insights into the assembly of gp130 family cytokine signaling complexes. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade4395. [PMID: 36930708 PMCID: PMC10022904 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-6 (IL-6) family cytokines signal through gp130 receptor homodimerization or heterodimerization with a second signaling receptor and play crucial roles in various cellular processes. We determined cryo-electron microscopy structures of five signaling complexes of this family, containing full receptor ectodomains bound to their respective ligands ciliary neurotrophic factor, cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 (CLCF1), leukemia inhibitory factor, IL-27, and IL-6. Our structures collectively reveal similarities and differences in the assembly of these complexes. The acute bends at both signaling receptors in all complexes bring the membrane-proximal domains to a ~30 angstrom range but with distinct distances and orientations. We also reveal how CLCF1 engages its secretion chaperone cytokine receptor-like factor 1. Our data provide valuable insights for therapeutically targeting gp130-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Corresponding author. (Y.Z.); (M.C.F.)
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4
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Zhou J, Jiang H, Jiang H, Fan Y, Zhang J, Ma X, Yang X, Sun Y, Zhao X. The ILEI/LIFR complex induces EMT via the Akt and ERK pathways in renal interstitial fibrosis. J Transl Med 2022; 20:54. [PMID: 35093095 PMCID: PMC8800269 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high morbidity and mortality and is difficult to cure. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a major determinant of, and commonly occurs within, CKD progression. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been identified as a crucial process in triggering renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Interleukin-like EMT inducer (ILEI) is an important promotor of EMT; this study aims to elucidate the mechanisms involved. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mouse were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham (n = 10), sham with negative control (NC) shRNA (sham + NC, n = 10), sham with ILEI shRNA (sham + shILEI, n = 10), unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO, n = 10), UUO with NC (UUO + NC, n = 10) and UUO with ILEI shRNA (UUO + shILEI, n = 10). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and western blotting (WB) were performed on murine kidney tissue to identify the function and mechanism of ILEI in RIF. In vitro, ILEI was overexpressed to induce EMT in HK2 cells and analyzed via transwell, WB, real-time PCR, and co-immunoprecipitation. Finally, tissue from 12 pediatric CKD patients (seven with RIF and five without RIF) were studied with H&E, Masson, and IHC staining. RESULTS Our in vitro model revealed that ILEI facilitates RIF in the UUO model via the Akt and ERK pathways. Further experiments in vivo and in vitro revealed that ILEI promotes renal tubular EMT by binding and activating leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), in which phosphorylation of Akt and ERK is involved. We further find markedly increased expression levels of ILEI and LIFR in kidneys from pediatric CKD patients with RIF. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ILEI may be a useful biomarker for renal fibrosis and a potential therapeutic target for modulating RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqing Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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5
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Yao F, Deng Y, Zhao Y, Mei Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Martinez C, Su X, Rosato RR, Teng H, Hang Q, Yap S, Chen D, Wang Y, Chen MJM, Zhang M, Liang H, Xie D, Chen X, Zhu H, Chang JC, You MJ, Sun Y, Gan B, Ma L. A targetable LIFR-NF-κB-LCN2 axis controls liver tumorigenesis and vulnerability to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7333. [PMID: 34921145 PMCID: PMC8683481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing knowledge of ferroptosis has suggested the role and therapeutic potential of ferroptosis in cancer, but has not been translated into effective therapy. Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is highly lethal with limited treatment options. LIFR is frequently downregulated in HCC. Here, by studying hepatocyte-specific and inducible Lifr-knockout mice, we show that loss of Lifr promotes liver tumorigenesis and confers resistance to drug-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, loss of LIFR activates NF-κB signaling through SHP1, leading to upregulation of the iron-sequestering cytokine LCN2, which depletes iron and renders insensitivity to ferroptosis inducers. Notably, an LCN2-neutralizing antibody enhances the ferroptosis-inducing and anticancer effects of sorafenib on HCC patient-derived xenograft tumors with low LIFR expression and high LCN2 expression. Thus, anti-LCN2 therapy is a promising way to improve liver cancer treatment by targeting ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Yalan Deng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ying Mei
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Consuelo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaohua Su
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roberto R Rosato
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hongqi Teng
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shannon Yap
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dahu Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mei-Ju May Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mutian Zhang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dong Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children's Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yutong Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Hara T, Chanoch-Myers R, Mathewson ND, Myskiw C, Atta L, Bussema L, Eichhorn SW, Greenwald AC, Kinker GS, Rodman C, Gonzalez Castro LN, Wakimoto H, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Zhuang X, Fan J, Hunter T, Verma IM, Wucherpfennig KW, Regev A, Suvà ML, Tirosh I. Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells drive transitions to mesenchymal-like states in glioblastoma. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:779-792.e11. [PMID: 34087162 PMCID: PMC8366750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma is thought to be determined by both cancer cell-intrinsic alterations and extrinsic cellular interactions, but remains poorly understood. Here, we dissect glioblastoma-to-microenvironment interactions by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human tumors and model systems, combined with functional experiments. We demonstrate that macrophages induce a transition of glioblastoma cells into mesenchymal-like (MES-like) states. This effect is mediated, both in vitro and in vivo, by macrophage-derived oncostatin M (OSM) that interacts with its receptors (OSMR or LIFR) in complex with GP130 on glioblastoma cells and activates STAT3. We show that MES-like glioblastoma states are also associated with increased expression of a mesenchymal program in macrophages and with increased cytotoxicity of T cells, highlighting extensive alterations of the immune microenvironment with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Hara
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rony Chanoch-Myers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Nathan D Mathewson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Department of Neurology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chad Myskiw
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lyla Atta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Lillian Bussema
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stephen W Eichhorn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alissa C Greenwald
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Gabriela S Kinker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel; Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christopher Rodman
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - L Nicolas Gonzalez Castro
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Neurology and Center for Neuro-Oncology, Brigham and Women's - Dana-Farber Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jean Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Inder M Verma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Department of Neurology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mario L Suvà
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel.
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7
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Hunter SA, McIntosh BJ, Shi Y, Sperberg RAP, Funatogawa C, Labanieh L, Soon E, Wastyk HC, Mehta N, Carter C, Hunter T, Cochran JR. An engineered ligand trap inhibits leukemia inhibitory factor as pancreatic cancer treatment strategy. Commun Biol 2021; 4:452. [PMID: 33846527 PMCID: PMC8041770 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a cytokine secreted by stromal myofibroblasts and tumor cells, has recently been highlighted to promote tumor progression in pancreatic and other cancers through KRAS-driven cell signaling. We engineered a high affinity soluble human LIF receptor (LIFR) decoy that sequesters human LIF and inhibits its signaling as a therapeutic strategy. This engineered 'ligand trap', fused to an antibody Fc-domain, has ~50-fold increased affinity (~20 pM) and improved LIF inhibition compared to wild-type LIFR-Fc, potently blocks LIF-mediated effects in pancreatic cancer cells, and slows the growth of pancreatic cancer xenograft tumors. These results, and the lack of apparent toxicity observed in animal models, further highlights ligand traps as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Hunter
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brianna J McIntosh
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Louai Labanieh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erin Soon
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah C Wastyk
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nishant Mehta
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Carter
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Zhao PY, Wang YQ, Liu XH, Zhu YJ, Zhao H, Zhang QX, Qi F, Li JL, Zhang N, Fan YP, Li KN, Zhao YY, Lei JF, Wang L. Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule promotes remyelination correlating with Sema3A/NRP-1, LIF/LIFR and Nkx6.2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 217:36-48. [PMID: 29428242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bu Shen Yi Sui capsule (BSYSC), based on traditional Chinese formula Liu Wei Di Huang pill, is effective for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in clinical experience and trials. Our previous studies confirmed that BSYSC had the neuroprotective effect in MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, its mechanism of action was not clear. Thus, the effect of BSYSC on remyelination and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in the EAE mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EAE model was established by injecting subcutaneously myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) 35-55 in mice. Mice were treated with BSYSC (3.02 g/kg) or vehicle daily by oral gavage for 40 days. The body weight and clinical score of mice were evaluated. Brain was observed by magnetic resonance imaging. The inflammation infiltrate of brain and spinal cord was determined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, while the structure of myelin sheath was visualized by transmission electron microscopy on days 23 and 40 post immunization (dpi), respectively. The protein and mRNA levels of platelets-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) α and 2', 3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) were measured by immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expressions of semaphorins (Sema) 3A, Neuropilin (NRP) - 1, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), LIF receptor (LIFR) and Nkx6.2 were further investigated by western blot. RESULTS BSYSC treatment improved the body weight and clinical score of EAE mice, alleviated inflammatory infiltration and nerve fiber injuries. It also protected the ultrastructural integrity of myelin sheath. BSYSC significantly increased expressions of PDGFRα and CNPase in mice with EAE on 40 dpi. Furthermore, BSYSC treatment increased the expressions of LIF, LIFR and Nkx6.2 and reduced Sema3A and NRP-1 in EAE mice on 40 dpi. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that BSYSC exhibited the neuroprotective effect against EAE by promoting oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) proliferation and differentiation, thus facilitating remyelination. Sema3A/NRP-1, LIF/LIFR and Nkx6.2 are likely contributed to the effects of BSYSC on OPCs.
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MESH Headings
- 2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases/metabolism
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/ultrastructure
- Capsules
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor/metabolism
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Myelin Sheath/drug effects
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
- Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein
- Neuropilin-1/metabolism
- Neuroprotective Agents/administration & dosage
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/drug effects
- Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism
- Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/pathology
- Peptide Fragments
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha/metabolism
- Semaphorin-3A/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/ultrastructure
- Time Factors
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yuan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xi-Hong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qiu-Xia Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Fang Qi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jun-Ling Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yong-Ping Fan
- Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kang-Ning Li
- Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jian-Feng Lei
- Core Facility Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Capital Medical University, No.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men, Beijing 100069, China.
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Cheng J, Rosario G, Cohen TV, Hu J, Stewart CL. Tissue-Specific Ablation of the LIF Receptor in the Murine Uterine Epithelium Results in Implantation Failure. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1916-1928. [PMID: 28368537 PMCID: PMC5460932 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is essential for rendering the uterus receptive for blastocyst implantation. In mice, LIF receptor expression (LIFR) is largely restricted to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE). LIF, secreted from the endometrial glands (GEs), binds to the LIFR, activating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activation of transcription (STAT) 3 (Jak-Stat3) signaling pathway in the LE. JAK-STAT activation converts the LE to a receptive state so that juxtaposed blastocysts begin to implant. To specifically delete the LIFR in the LE, we derived a line of mice in which Cre recombinase was inserted into the endogenous lactoferrin gene (Ltf-Cre). Lactoferrin expression in the LE is induced by E2, and we demonstrate that Cre recombinase activity is restricted to the LE and GE. To determine the requirement of the LIFR in implantation, we derived an additional mouse line carrying a conditional (floxed) Lifrflx/flx gene. Crossing Ltf-Cre mice with Lifrflx/flx mice generated Lifrflx/Δ:LtfCre/+ females that were overtly normal but infertile. Many of these females, despite repeated matings, did not become pregnant. Unimplanted blastocysts were recovered from the Lifrflx/Δ:LtfCre/+ uteri and, when transferred to wild-type recipients, implanted normally, indicating that uterine receptivity rather than the embryo's competency is compromised. The loss of Lifr results in both the failure for STAT3 to translocate to the LE nuclei and a reduction in the expression of the LIF regulated gene Msx1 that regulates uterine receptivity. These results reveal that uterine expression of the LIFR is essential for embryo implantation and further define the components of the LIF signaling pathway necessary for effective implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- JrGang Cheng
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | | | - Tatiana V. Cohen
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Jianbo Hu
- Cancer and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Division of Basic Science, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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10
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汪 涛, 颜 瑞, 曹 俊, 曹 玲, 张 铉, 李 兴, 吴 萍, 周 小, 吴 建, 许 晓. [Expression of miR-140-5p and prediction of its target gene in human mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic differentiation]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2016; 37:199-203. [PMID: 28219863 PMCID: PMC6779660 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.02.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To screen the differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes in adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to better understand the mechanism for regulating the balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. METHODS Cultured hMSCs were induced for adipogenic differentiation, and at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days of induction, the cells were examined for miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using miRNA chip and transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques. Correlation analysis was carried out for the miRNAs and mRNAs of potential interest. The databases including TargetScan, PicTar and miRanda were used to predict the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNA. RESULTS The expression of miR-140-5p was down-regulated and leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) expression increased progressively during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs, showing a negative correlation between them. Target gene prediction using the 3 databases identified LIFR as the target gene of miR-140-5p. CONCLUSION miRNA-140-5p may play an important role by regulating its target gene LIFR during adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 涛 汪
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 瑞巧 颜
- 附属医院临床技能中心, 江西 九江 332000Clinical Skills Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 俊 曹
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 玲玲 曹
- 江西省南昌大学附属九江医院内分泌科, 江西 九江 332000Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 铉浦 张
- 江西省南昌大学附属九江医院内分泌科, 江西 九江 332000Department of Endocrinology, Jiujiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 兴暖 李
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 萍 吴
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 小鸥 周
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 建芳 吴
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
- 基础医学院病原生物学教研室Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - 晓源 许
- 江西省系统生物医学重点实验室, 江西 九江 332000;江西省九江学院Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Systems Biomedicine, Jiujiang 332000, China
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11
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Abstract
Muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into several lineages including skeletal muscle precursor cells. Here, we show that MDSCs from myostatin null mice (Mstn (-/-) ) can be readily induced into pluripotent stem cells without using reprogramming factors. Microarray studies revealed a strong upregulation of markers like Leukemia Inhibitory factor (LIF) and Leukemia Inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) in Mstn (-/-) MDSCs as compared to wild type MDSCs (WT-MDSCs). Furthermore when cultured in mouse embryonic stem cell media with LIF for 95 days, Mstn (-/-) MDSCs formed embryonic stem cell (ES) like colonies. We termed such ES like cells as the culture-induced pluripotent stem cells (CiPSC). CiPSCs from Mstn (-/-) MDSCs were phenotypically similar to ESCs, expressed high levels of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and SSEA-1, maintained a normal karyotype. Furthermore, CiPSCs formed embryoid bodies and teratomas when injected into immunocompromised mice. In addition, CiPSCs differentiated into somatic cells of all three lineages. We further show that culturing in ES cell media, resulted in hypermethylation and downregulation of BMP2 in Mstn(-/-) MDSCs. Western blot further confirmed a down regulation of BMP2 signaling in Mstn (-/-) MDSCs in supportive of pluripotent reprogramming. Given that down regulation of BMP2 has been shown to induce pluripotency in cells, we propose that lack of myostatin epigenetically reprograms the MDSCs to become pluripotent stem cells. Thus, here we report the successful establishment of ES-like cells from adult stem cells of the non-germline origin under culture-induced conditions without introducing reprogramming genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Bose
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
| | - Sudheer Shenoy P
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60, Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Division, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya University, University Road, Derlakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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12
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Landreh L, Stukenborg JB, Söder O, Svechnikov K. Phenotype and steroidogenic potential of PDGFRα-positive rat neonatal peritubular cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:96-104. [PMID: 23545158 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα)-positive peritubular cells (PTCs) are suggested to be putative stem Leydig cells. At present little is known about their phenotype and steroidogenic potential. We isolated highly purified PDGFRα-positive neonatal PTCs by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) from 8dpp rat testes and characterized them in vitro. We have demonstrated that PDGFRα-positive PTCs have a mixed phenotype. They expressed PTC-specific genes (αSma, Myh11), pluripotency markers (Pou5f1, nestin, Lifr) and genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. Treatment with the cAMP-analog (Bu)2cAMP for 7 days upregulated steroidogenic enzyme gene expression and significantly increased their steroidogenic potential. The main end-point steroid was progesterone due to rapid inactivation of CYP17 and 17βHSD. Long-term culturing of PDGFRα-positive PTCs increased the expression of Myh11, and treatment with (Bu)2cAMP attenuated this process. All together, our findings support the hypothesis that neonatal PDGFRα-positive PTCs are steroidogenic competent progeny of stem Leydig cells (SLCs) which give rise to the adult Leydig cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Landreh
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Lopez-Arenas E, Mackay-Sim A, Bacigalupo J, Sulz L. Leukaemia inhibitory factor stimulates proliferation of olfactory neuronal progenitors via inducible nitric oxide synthase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45018. [PMID: 23024784 PMCID: PMC3443199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues in the adult brain and in the adult olfactory epithelium. The cytokine, leukaemia inhibitory factor and nitric oxide are both known to stimulate neuronal progenitor cell proliferation in the olfactory epithelium after injury. Our aim here was to determine whether these observations are independent, specifically, whether leukaemia inhibitory factor triggers neural precursor proliferation via the inducible nitric oxide synthase pathway. We evaluated the effects of leukaemia inhibitory factor on inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and cell proliferation in olfactory epithelial cell cultures and olfactory neurosphere-derived cells. Leukaemia inhibitory factor induced expression of iNOS and increased cell proliferation. An iNOS inhibitor and an anti-leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor blocking antibody inhibited leukaemia inhibitory factor-induced cell proliferation, an effect that was reversed by a NO donor. Altogether, the results strongly suggest that leukaemia inhibitory factor induces iNOS expression, increasing nitric oxide levels, to stimulate proliferation of olfactory neural precursor cells. This finding sheds light on neuronal regeneration occurring after injury of the olfactory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Lopez-Arenas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan Mackay-Sim
- National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Juan Bacigalupo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Cell Dynamics and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Sulz
- Laboratory of Embryology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Usach. Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a soluble interleukin-6 family cytokine that regulates a number of physiologic functions, including normal skeletal remodeling. LIF signals through the cytokine co-receptor glycoprotein-130 in complex with its cytokine-specific receptor [LIF receptor (LIFR)] to activate signaling cascades in cells of the skeletal system, including stromal cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, adipocytes, and synovial fibroblasts. LIF action on skeletal cells is cell-type specific, and frequently dependent on the state of cell differentiation. This review describes the expression patterns of LIF and LIFR in bone, their regulation by physiological and inflammatory agents, as well as cell-specific influences of LIF on osteoblast, osteoclast, chondrocyte, and adipocyte differentiation. The actions of LIF in normal skeletal growth and maintenance, in pathological states (e.g. autocrine tumor cell signaling and growth in bone) and inflammatory conditions (e.g. arthritis) will be discussed, as well as the signaling pathways activated by LIF and their importance in bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Sims
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia.
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Toledo-Corral CM, Banner LR. Early changes of LIFR and gp130 in sciatic nerve and muscle of diabetic mice. Acta Histochem 2012; 114:159-65. [PMID: 21565387 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mediated by alterations of growth factors. Members of the neuropoietic cytokine family, which include IL-6, LIF, and CNTF among others, have been shown to be important regulators of peripheral nerves and the muscles that they innervate. To investigate their potential role in diabetic nerve and muscle, we studied the expression of the shared receptor subunits, LIFR and gp130 in a mouse model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The results of Western blotting and densitometric analysis showed that both LIFR and gp130 protein expression were increased in diabetic sciatic nerve compared to control mice at early time points following STZ injection. In diabetic gastrocnemius muscle, LIFR and gp130 were increased from 3 days to 24 weeks following STZ injection. In contrast, both LIFR and gp130 protein expression were decreased in diabetic soleus muscle at 3-days post-injection. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia results in changes to nerve and muscle soon after the onset of diabetes and that cytokines may play a role in this process.
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Nogueira-Silva C, Piairo P, Carvalho-Dias E, Peixoto FO, Moura RS, Correia-Pinto J. Leukemia inhibitory factor in rat fetal lung development: expression and functional studies. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30517. [PMID: 22291973 PMCID: PMC3264589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are members of the family of the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)-type cytokines. These cytokines share gp130 as a common signal transducer, which explains why they show some functional redundancy. Recently, it was demonstrated that IL-6 promotes fetal lung branching. Additionally, LIF has been implicated in developmental processes of some branching organs. Thus, in this study LIF expression pattern and its effects on fetal rat lung morphogenesis were assessed. Methodology/Principal Findings LIF and its subunit receptor LIFRα expression levels were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot in fetal rat lungs of different gestational ages, ranging from 13.5 to 21.5 days post-conception. Throughout all gestational ages studied, LIF was constitutively expressed in pulmonary epithelium, whereas LIFRα was first mainly expressed in the mesenchyme, but after pseudoglandular stage it was also observed in epithelial cells. These results point to a LIF epithelium-mesenchyme cross-talk, which is known to be important for lung branching process. Regarding functional studies, fetal lung explants were cultured with increasing doses of LIF or LIF neutralizing antibodies during 4 days. MAPK, AKT, and STAT3 phosphorylation in the treated lung explants was analyzed. LIF supplementation significantly inhibited lung growth in spite of an increase in p44/42 phosphorylation. On the other hand, LIF inhibition significantly stimulated lung growth via p38 and Akt pathways. Conclusions/Significance The present study describes that LIF and its subunit receptor LIFRα are constitutively expressed during fetal lung development and that they have an inhibitory physiological role on fetal lung branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nogueira-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paulina Piairo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Carvalho-Dias
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Hospital de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisca O. Peixoto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rute S. Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia-Pinto
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital de Braga, Braga, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Shuya LL, Menkhorst EM, Yap J, Li P, Lane N, Dimitriadis E. Leukemia inhibitory factor enhances endometrial stromal cell decidualization in humans and mice. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25288. [PMID: 21966484 PMCID: PMC3179507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate differentiation or decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESC) is critical for successful pregnancy in humans and rodents. Here, we investigated the role of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in human and murine decidualization. Ex vivo human (H) ESC decidualization was induced by estrogen (E, 10(-8) M) plus medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, 10(-7) M). Exogenous LIF (≥50 ng/ml) induced STAT3 phosphorylation in non-decidualized and decidualized HESC and enhanced E+MPA-induced decidualization (measured by PRL secretion, P<0.05). LIF mRNA in HESC was down-regulated by decidualization treatment (E+MPA) whereas LIF receptor (R) mRNA was up-regulated, suggesting that the decidualization stimulus 'primed' HESC for LIF action, but that factors not present in our in vitro model were required to induce LIF expression. Ex vivo first trimester decidual biopsies secreted >100 pg/mg G-CSF, IL6, IL8, and MCP1. Decidualized HESC secreted IL6, IL8, IL15 and MCP1. LIF (50 ng/ml) up-regulated IL6 and IL15 (P<0.05) secretion in decidualized HESC compared to 0.5 ng/ml LIF. In murine endometrium, LIF and LIFR immunolocalized to decidualized stromal cells on day 5 of gestation (day 0 = day of plug detection). Western blotting confirmed that LIF and the LIFR were up-regulated in intra-implantation sites compared to inter-implantation sites on Day 5 of gestation. To determine the role of LIF during in vivo murine decidualization, intra-peritoneal injections of a long-acting LIF antagonist (PEGLA; 900 or 1200 µg) were given just post-attachment, during the initiation of decidualization on day 4. PEGLA treatment reduced implantation site decidual area (P<0.05) and desmin staining immuno-intensity (P<0.05) compared to control on day 6 of gestation. This study demonstrated that LIF was an important regulator of decidualization in humans and mice and data provides insight into the processes underlying decidualization, which are important for understanding implantation and placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Lin Shuya
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Joanne Yap
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Priscilla Li
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie Lane
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- Embryo Implantation Laboratory, Prince Henry's Institute, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
Within the immune system there is an exquisite ability to discriminate between "self" and "non-self" that is orchestrated by T lymphocytes. Discriminatory pathways guide differentiation of these lymphocytes into either regulatory (Treg) or effector (Teff) T cells, influenced by cues from the naïve T cell's immediate micro-environment as it responds to cognate antigen. Reciprocal pathways may lead to commitment of naïve T cells into either the protective tolerance-promoting Treg, or to the pro-inflammatory Th17 effector phenotype. Primary activation of CD4(+) lymphocytes stimulates their release of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and Treg continue to release LIF in response to antigen, implying a role for LIF in tolerance. In contrast, interleukin- 6 (IL-6), although very closely related to LIF, promotes maturation of Th17 cells. Here we show that LIF and IL-6 behave as polar opposites in promoting commitment to the Treg and Th17 lineages. Unlike IL6, LIF supported expression of Foxp3, the Treg lineage transcription factor, and LIF opposed IL6 by suppressing IL-6-induced IL-17A protein release. In striking contrast, we found that IL6 effectively inhibited LIF signalling, repressing transcription of the LIF receptor gp190, and strongly inducing axotrophin/MARCH-7, a novel E3 ubitquitin ligase that we discovered to be active in degradation of gp190 protein. In vivo, anti-LIF treatment reduced donor-specific Treg in recipients of foreign spleen cells. Conversely, a single dose of biodegradable LIF nanoparticles, targeted to CD4, successfully manipulated the LIF/IL6 axis towards development of donor-specific Foxp3(+) Treg. The implications for therapy are profound, harnessing endogenous immune regulation by paracrine delivery of LIF to CD4(+) cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Gao
- The Transplant Institute; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Qiang Zhou
- The Transplant Institute; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Prabhakar Putheti
- The Transplant Institute; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Tarek M. Fahmy
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Terry B. Strom
- The Transplant Institute; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Su M. Metcalfe
- Department of Surgery; University of Cambridge; Cambridge, UK
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19
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Yu C, Kastin AJ, Tu H, Pan W. Opposing effects of proteasomes and lysosomes on LIFR: modulation by TNF. J Mol Neurosci 2007; 32:80-9. [PMID: 17873291 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-007-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB), a communicating interface for inflammation, transports cytokines through its endothelial cells. This study shows how tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) regulates the expression of the leukemia inhibitor factor receptor (LIFR) gp190 in RBE4 cells. The high expression of LIFR was rapidly downregulated by the proinflammatory agents lipopolysaccharide, TNF, and LIF. Downregulation by TNF affected LIFR endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, preceding decreased LIFR mRNA. Lysosomal inhibitors reversed the rapid disappearance of LIFR, whereas inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway did not. Rather, blockade of proteasome activity, as well as inhibition of NFkappaB activation, reduced the basal expression of LIFR. Thus, NFkappaB activity and proteasome degradation of IkappaB stabilized LIFR and prevented its rapid lysosomal degradation. By a non-NFkappaB-mediated mechanism, TNF facilitated LIFR degradation and reduced LIFR activation indicated by pStat3. The novel opposite effects of proteasomes and lysosomes in controlling receptor expression shows the functional implications and interactions of circulating inflammatory cytokines in acutely modulating BBB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Yu
- The Blood-Brain Barrier Group, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
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20
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Kurdi M, Booz GW. Evidence that IL-6-type cytokine signaling in cardiomyocytes is inhibited by oxidative stress: parthenolide targets JAK1 activation by generating ROS. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:424-31. [PMID: 17385713 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Parthenolide, an anti-inflammatory compound, was reported to inhibit signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation by the interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines by an undefined process, which was the focus of our study. Here we report that parthenolide reduced both basal and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)-induced STAT3 tyrosine 705 (Y705) phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes in a dose-dependent manner, but stimulated the MAP kinase signaling pathways. Activation of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) tyrosine kinase was markedly reduced by parthenolide. Pretreatment with parthenolide inhibited JAK1-mediated phosphorylation of the LIF receptor subunits LIF receptor (LIFR) alpha and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), and reduced the LIF-induced increase in JAK1 association with both components. In addition, we documented that parthenolide, over the same concentration range, does not have a direct inhibitory effect on JAK1 autophosphorylation. However, we observed that parthenolide increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, completely suppressed the effect of parthenolide on JAK1 and STAT3. From these results, we conclude ROS generation in cardiomyocytes blocks STAT3 signaling of the IL-6-type cytokines by targeting JAK1. The finding that signaling by the IL-6-type cytokine may be redox-sensitive defines a novel mechanism of regulation that has implications for exploiting their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Kurdi
- The Division of Molecular Cardiology, The Cardiovascular Research Institute, The Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas 76504, USA
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21
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Wånggren K, Lalitkumar PG, Hambiliki F, Ståbi B, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Stavreus-Evers A. Leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor and gp130 in the human Fallopian tube and endometrium before and after mifepristone treatment and in the human preimplantation embryo. Mol Hum Reprod 2007; 13:391-7. [PMID: 17430984 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gam013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine, which is associated with reproductive processes such as embryo development and implantation. The objectives of this study were to detect the presence of LIF receptor (LIFR) and glycoprotein 130 (gp 130) in the human Fallopian tube, endometrium and preimplantation embryo and to study the effect of mifepristone on the expression of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube. Twenty-two healthy fertile women received a single dose of 200 mg mifepristone or placebo immediately after ovulation (LH + 2). Biopsies were obtained from the Fallopian tubes during laparoscopic sterilization once between days LH + 4 and LH + 6 and from endometrium once between days LH + 6 and LH + 8. Preimplantation embryos were received from couples undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the presence of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube, endometrium and preimplantation embryo. Real-time PCR was used to study LIFR and gp130 expression in the Fallopian tube and endometrium. LIFR and gp130 were localized in the Fallopian tube, preimplantation embryo and endometrium. LIFR was more abundant in the Fallopian tube than in the endometrium. In the blastocyst, the staining of gp130 was mainly localized in the inner cell mass, whereas LIFR was expressed in all cells. The presence of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube and preimplantation embryo indicates a role for LIF in communication between the embryo and the Fallopian tube. Mifepristone did not affect the expression of LIFR and gp130 in the Fallopian tube, nor in the endometrium suggesting that progesterone might not be directly involved in the regulation of LIFR or gp130.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wånggren
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells that have the ability to either self-renew or differentiate into any cell type found in the mammalian body. The signaling pathways required for self-renewal of these cells are yet to be defined. Previously we identified a stem cell-specific isoform of the protein SH2 domain-containing 5'-inositol phosphatase (SHIP) that we call s-SHIP, which is expressed in both pluripotent ES cells and adult tissue-specific multipotent cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). s-SHIP lacks an SH2 domain but contains a 5'-inositol phosphatase domain and several protein-protein interaction domains that potentially enable its participation in many different signaling pathways. Here we show that s-SHIP associates with gp130, which forms a heterodimeric complex with the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR). Signaling through LIFR and other receptors that heterodimerize with gp130 is critical for growth and survival of ES cells and HSCs. Our findings provide biochemical evidence that s-SHIP participates in signaling pathways important for the maintenance of pluripotent stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Desponts
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute,University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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23
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Chuĭkin IA, Lianguzova MS, Pospelov VA. [Signaling pathways regulating proliferation of murine embryonic stem cells]. Tsitologiia 2007; 49:370-84. [PMID: 17654825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Murine embryonic stem cells (mESC) are capable of unlimiting proliferation with maintenance of pluripotency during long-term cultivation. Signaling pathways regulating the cell cycle of mESC are of the great interest for further investigation. This review concerns to the cell cycle regulation of mESC through different signaling pathways (LIF-STAT3, PI3K-Akt, Wnt-beta-catenin) and to the mechanisms of unlimited proliferation of mESC and their inability to undergo long-term block of proliferation in response to DNA-damaging and stress factors. The functioning of negative cell cycle regulators (cyclin-kinase inhibitors and Rb) and positive cell cycle regulators (cyclin-kinase complexes and E2F factors) are also topics of this review. It is considered that, permanent mitogenic stimuli are needed to prevent induction of apoptosis. Therefore, the agents which cause prolonged halt of proliferation without ongoing onset of differentiation or induction of apoptosis are currently unknown. The main focus is given to the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in sustaining the pluripotent state of mESC. The cell cycle regulation by downstream targets of LIF-STAT3, PI3-kinase and Wnt-beta-catenin pathways is discussed in light of cooperative action of these pathways for maintenance of undifferentiated state of mESC.
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Koblas T, Zacharovová K, Berková Z, Mindlová M, Girman P, Dovolilová E, Karasová L, Saudek F. Isolation and characterization of human CXCR4-positive pancreatic cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2007; 53:13-22. [PMID: 17328838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The existence of an adult PSC that may be used in the treatment of diabetes is still a matter of scientific debate as conclusive evidence of such a stem cell in the adult pancreas has not yet been presented. The main reason why putative PSC has not yet been identified is the lack of specific markers that may be used to isolate and purify them. In order to increase the list of potential PSC markers we have focused on the human pancreatic cells that express cell surface receptor CXCR4, a marker of stem cells derived from different adult tissues. Here we report that CXCR4-positive pancreatic cells express markers of pancreatic endocrine progenitors (neurogenin-3, nestin) and markers of pluripotent stem cells (Oct-4, Nanog, ABCG2, CD133, CD117). Upon in vitro differentiation, these cells form ILCC and produce key islet hormones including insulin. Based on our results, we assume that CXCR4 marks pancreatic endocrine progenitors and in combination with other cell surface markers may be used in the attempt to identify and isolate PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Koblas
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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25
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Abstract
The interleukin-6 cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) induces potent growth-inhibitory and morphogenic responses in several different tumor cell types, highlighting the importance of OSM signaling mechanisms as targets for therapeutic intervention. The specific molecular pathways involved are not well understood, as OSM can signal through two separate heterodimeric receptor complexes, glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) alpha and gp130/OSM receptor beta (OSMRbeta). In this investigation, we used a LIFR antagonist to help resolve signaling responses and identify patterns of gene expression elicited by the different receptor complexes. OSM-induced biological effects on breast tumor-derived cell lines were specifically mediated through the gp130/OSMRbeta complex. Each cytokine tested exhibited differential signaling capability and manifested both shared and unique patterns of gene activation, emphasizing compositional differences in activator protein-1 transcription factor activity and expression. In particular, OSM strongly activated the c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) serine/threonine kinase and downstream components, including activating transcription factor (ATF)/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein family member, ATF3. JNK/stress-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition abrogated cell morphogenesis induced by OSM, indicating an important role for this pathway in OSM specificity. These findings identify a core signaling/transcriptional mechanism specific to the OSMRbeta in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Underhill-Day
- Cancer Research UK Growth Factor Group, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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