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Abid F, Saleem M, Jamshaid T, Jamshaid U, Youssef FS, Diri RM, Elhady SS, Ashour ML. Opuntia monacantha: Validation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of its polyphenolic rich extract in silico and in vivo via assessment of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. J Ethnopharmacol 2024; 326:117884. [PMID: 38350502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Opuntia monacantha belongs to the cactus family Cactaceae and is also known by cochineal prickly pear, Barbary fig or drooping prickly pear. It was traditionally used to treat pain and inflammation. O. monacantha cladodes showed pharmacological effects such as antioxidant potential owing to the presence of certain polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phenols. AIM OF THE STUDY This research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory as well as the anti-arthritic potential of ethanol extract of Opuntia monacantha (E-OM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In vivo edema in rat paw was triggered by carrageenan and used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity, while induction of arthritis by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) rat model was done to measure anti-arthritic potential. In silico studies of the previously High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) characterized metabolites of ethanol extract was performed by using Discovery Studio 4.5 (Accelrys Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) within active pocket of glutaminase 1 (GLS1) (PDB code: 3VP1; 2.30 Å). RESULTS EOM, particularly at 750 mg/kg, caused a reduction in the paw edema significantly and decreased arthritic score by 80.58% compared to the diseased group. It revealed significant results when histopathology of ankle joint was examined at 28th day as it reduced inflammation by 18.06%, bone erosion by 15.50%, and pannus formation by 24.65% with respect to the diseased group. It restored the altered blood parameters by 7.56%, 18.47%, and 3.37% for hemoglobin (Hb), white blood count (WBC), and platelets, respectively. It also reduced rheumatoid factor RF by 13.70% with concomitant amelioration in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels by 19%, and 34.16%, respectively, in comparison to the diseased group. It notably decreased mRNA expression levels of COX-2, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1, NF-κβ and augmented the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in real time PCR with respect to the diseased group and piroxicam. HPLC analysis previously performed showed that phenolic acids and flavonoids are present in E-OM. Molecular docking studies displayed pronounced inhibitory potential of these compounds towards glutaminase 1 (GLS1), approaching and even exceeding piroxicam. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Opuntia monacantha could be a promising agent to manage inflammation and arthritis and could be incorporated into pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Abid
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Talha Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Usama Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fadia S Youssef
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Reem M Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sameh S Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed L Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, 21442, Saudi Arabia.
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Eseberri I, Gómez-Maqueo A, Trepiana J, Gómez-López I, Proença C, Cano MP, Portillo MP. In Vitro Screening and Lipid-Lowering Effect of Prickly Pear (Opuntia Ficus-Indica L. Mill.) Fruit Extracts in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes and Mature Adipocytes. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:143-150. [PMID: 38206481 PMCID: PMC10891207 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica fruits have been widely used due to their nutritional composition and beneficial effects on health, particularly against chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, among others. In recent years, prickly pear peel and pulp extracts have been characterised, and a high number of bioactive compounds have been identified. This study aimed to analyse the triglyceride-lowering effect of prickly pear peel and pulp extracts obtained from fruits of three varieties (Pelota, Sanguinos, and Colorada) in 3T3-L1 maturing and mature adipocytes. At a concentration of 50 µg/mL, peel extracts from Colorada reduced triglyceride accumulation in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes. Additionally, at 25 µg/mL, Pelota peel extract decreased triglyceride content in mature adipocytes. Moreover, maturing pre-adipocytes treated with 50 and 25 µg/mL of Sanguinos pulp extract showed a reduction of triglyceride accumulation. In addition, the lipid-lowering effect of the main individual betalain and phenolic compounds standards were assayed. Piscidic acid and isorhamnetin glycoside (IG2), found in Colorada peel extract, were identified as the bioactive compounds that could contribute more notably to the triglyceride-lowering effect of the extract. Thus, the betalain and phenolic-rich extracts from Opuntia ficus indica fruits may serve as an effective tool in obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Eseberri
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain.
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Andrea Gómez-Maqueo
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jenifer Trepiana
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Gómez-López
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Carina Proença
- REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, LAQV, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Maria P Portillo
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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da Silva JGM, da Silva AP, Lima GFDC, Rangel AHDN, da Silva GJAM, Santos LHDM, de Medeiros MR, Saraiva JPB, de Macedo MF, de Araújo TLAC, de Lima Júnior DM. Cactus species and tree forage hay in the diet of dairy goats. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:83. [PMID: 38376706 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03928-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the association of Opuntia stricta (OS) or Nopalea cochenillifera (NC) with Moringa hay (MY) or Leucaena hay (LY) on nutrient intake, ingestive behavior, serum biochemistry, and milk production and composition of dairy goat. Eight multiparous Saanen goats were used, with an average of 68 ± 8 days in milk and 48.5 ± 6 kg of initial weight, fed with the following treatment diets: OS + MY; OS + LY; NC + MY, and NC + LY. The treatments were distributed in a double Latin square, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (two varieties of cactus and two of hay). Goats fed with NC had higher (P < 0.05) intakes of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates. There was no influence (P > 0.05) on milk production, but goats fed with OS produced milk with higher (P < 0.05) fat content and presented higher (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the hay type on the nutrient intake and milk production and composition of goats, but the animals fed with MY had higher (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels and greater efficiency of NDF rumination. Goats fed with OS showed greater feeding and rumination efficiency. Our results indicated that both cactus species could be successfully included in the diet of low yielding dairy goats fed 18.4% concentrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Geraldo Medeiros da Silva
- Department of Animal Production, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos Street, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Andresa Pereira da Silva
- Academic Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue 160, Km 03, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ferreira da Costa Lima
- Department of Animal Production, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos Street, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo José Azevedo Medeiros da Silva
- Department of Animal Production, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos Street, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Lázaro Henrique de Medeiros Santos
- Department of Animal Production, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos Street, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Márcio Raimundo de Medeiros
- Department of Animal Production, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Rio Grande do Norte, Eliza Branco Pereira dos Santos Street, Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Bezerra Saraiva
- Academic Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue 160, Km 03, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Michelly Fernandes de Macedo
- Academic Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue 160, Km 03, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Luís Alves Campos de Araújo
- Academic Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue 160, Km 03, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
- Academic Unit in Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Avenue 160, Km 03, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Andraca-Gómez G, Ordano M, Lira-Noriega A, Osorio-Olvera L, Domínguez CA, Fornoni J. Climatic and soil characteristics account for the genetic structure of the invasive cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum, in its native range in Argentina. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16861. [PMID: 38361769 PMCID: PMC10868523 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the physical and environmental conditions that may limit the migration of invasive species is crucial to assess the potential for expansion outside their native ranges. The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, is native to South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil) and has been introduced and invaded the Caribbean and southern United States, among other regions. In North America there is an ongoing process of range expansion threatening cacti biodiversity of the genus Opuntia and the commercial profits of domesticated Opuntia ficus-indica. Methods To further understand what influences the distribution and genetic structure of this otherwise important threat to native and managed ecosystems, in the present study we combined ecological niche modeling and population genetic analyses to identify potential environmental barriers in the native region of Argentina. Samples were collected on the host with the wider distribution range, O. ficus-indica. Results Significant genetic structure was detected using 10 nuclear microsatellites and 24 sampling sites. At least six genetic groups delimited by mountain ranges, salt flats and wetlands were mainly located to the west of the Dry Chaco ecoregion. Niche modeling supports that this region has high environmental suitability where the upper soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon content and precipitation were the main environmental factors that explain the presence of the moth. Environmental filters such as the upper soil layer may be critical for pupal survival and consequently for the establishment of populations in new habitats, whereas the presence of available hosts is a necessary conditions for insect survival, upper soil and climatic characteristics will determine the opportunities for a successful establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Andraca-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariano Ordano
- CONICET-UNT, Fundación Miguel Lillo-Instituto de Ecología Regional, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., CONAHCYT Research Fellow, Xalapa, Veracrúz, México
| | - Luis Osorio-Olvera
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César A. Domínguez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Fornoni
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Mathur M, Mathur P. Habitat suitability of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) MILL. (CACTACEAE): a comparative temporal evaluation using diverse bio-climatic earth system models and ensemble machine learning approach. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:232. [PMID: 38308673 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive evaluation of the habitat suitability across the India was conducted for the introduced species Opuntia ficus-indica. This assessment utilized a newly developed model called BioClimInd, takes into account five Earth System Models (ESMs). These ESMs consider two different emission scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), specifically RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. Additionally, the assessment considered two future time frames: 2040-2079 (60) and 2060-2099 (80). Current study provided the threshold limit of different climatic variables in annual, quarter and monthly time slots like temperature annual range (26-30 °C), mean temperature of the driest quarter (25-28 °C); mean temperature of the coldest month (22-25 °C); minimum temperature of coldest month (13-17 °C); precipitation of the wettest month (250-500 mm); potential evapotranspiration Thronthwaite (1740-1800 mm). Predictive climatic habitat suitability posits that the introduction of this exotic species is deemed unsuitable in the Northern as well as the entirety of the cooler eastern areas of the country. The states of Rajasthan and Gujarat exhibit the highest degree of habitat suitability for this particular species. Niche hypervolumes and climatic variables affecting fundamental and realized niches were also assessed. This study proposes using multi-climatic exploration to evaluate habitats for introduced species to reduce modeling uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Mathur
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, 342 003, Jodhpur, India
| | - Preet Mathur
- Jodhpur Institute of Engineering and Technology, Computer Science Department, Jodhpur, India.
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El-Sheekh MM, Alwaleed EA, Ibrahim A, Saber H. Preparation and characterization of bioplastic film from the green seaweed Halimeda opuntia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129307. [PMID: 38199545 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Protein-rich seaweeds are regarded as having commercial significance due to their numerous industrial applications. The green seaweed Halimeda opuntia was used during this study for the preparation of bioplastic film. A thin bioplastic film with better physical and mechanical properties was produced by optimizing the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to seaweed biomass. The films obtained were characterized by their thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus, moisture absorption resistance, and solubility. To evaluate the composition and potential for chemical reactions of the films, an FTIR spectroscopy examination was conducted. Whereas TG-DTA and AFM were performed on films with high mechanical properties. The bioplastic film produced when algae percent was tripled in PVA concentration had better physical and mechanical characteristics, and the bioplastic films degraded in the environment within a short time. According to the current study, seaweed might serve as an alternative source for the production of bioplastic, which could help minimize the use of non-biodegradable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M El-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527 Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Alwaleed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Aml Ibrahim
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
| | - Hani Saber
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, 83523 Qena, Egypt
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Varone L, Faltlhauser A, Fuentes Corona M, Garrido S, Cichón L, Cecere MC, Hight SD, Bruzzone O. Lethal effect of Goniozus legneri on Cactoblastis cactorum: A potential biocontrol agent for inundative releases. Bull Entomol Res 2024; 114:149-158. [PMID: 38268111 DOI: 10.1017/s000748532300069x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the cactus moth, is native to South America with a widespread distribution in Argentina. The larvae consume the interior of Opuntia spp. (Cactaceae) plants. The moth was used as a biocontrol agent against invasive non-native Opuntia spp. in many countries around the world. The cactus moth arrived unintentionally in Florida, USA, expanded its range and threatened Opuntia-based agriculture and natural ecosystems in southern North America. The insect is also a pest of cultivated O. ficus-indica L. in Argentina. An endemic South American parasitoid, Goniozus legneri Gordth (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae), is used in inundative biological control programmes against lepidopteran pests. The goal of this work was to evaluate G. legneri as a biocontrol agent to be used in inundative releases against C. cactorum. Mortality of C. cactorum by G. legneri was assessed at different spatial scales, as well as the interactions with Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez & Berta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a common Argentine natural enemy of C. cactorum. The ability of G. legneri to paralyse, parasitise and kill C. cactorum was confirmed. The paralysis inflicted on C. cactorum larvae reduced larval damage to the plants by 85%. Using two parasitoid species increased the mortality of C. cactorum larvae, but it was highly dependent on the order of their arrival. The combined mortality caused by both parasitoids was higher than a single one, in particular when G. legneri arrived first (56 ± 1%), suggesting asymmetric competition due to the preference of G. legneri attacking previously parasitised larvae. Goniozus legneri has potential as an inundative biocontrol agent of C. cactorum, but its interaction with the classical biocontrol agent A. opuntiarum needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Varone
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Ana Faltlhauser
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Malena Fuentes Corona
- Fundación para el Estudio de Especies Invasivas, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Silvina Garrido
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA - Alto Valle, General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Liliana Cichón
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria, INTA - Alto Valle, General Roca, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María Carla Cecere
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- FCEyN-EGE-IEGEBA. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Octavio Bruzzone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- IFAB, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche, Bariloche, Argentina
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Morankar S, Luktuke A, Nieto-Valeiras E, Mistry Y, Bhate D, Penick CA, Chawla N. Cholla cactus wood (Cylindr opuntia imbricata): Hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:269-280. [PMID: 38072224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Cholla cactus is a species of cacti that survives in arid environments and produces a unique mesh-like porous wood. In this article, we present a comprehensive investigation on the hierarchical structure and micromechanical properties of the Cholla cactus wood. Multiple approaches consisting of X-ray tomography, scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, nanoindentation, and finite element simulations were used to gain insight into the structure, property, and design principles of the Cholla cactus wood. The microstructure of the Cholla cactus wood consists of different components, including vessels, rays, and fibers. In the present study, we quantitatively describe the structure of each of these wood components and their likely functions, both from the perspective of biological and mechanical behavior. Nanoindentation experiments revealed for the first time that the cell walls of the fibers exhibit stiffness and hardness higher than those of rays. Furthermore, the idea of making porous, thin-walled cylinders was abstracted from the design of vessel elements, and the structures inspired by this principle were studied in tensile and torsional loading conditions using finite element simulations. Finite element simulations revealed that the utilization of a larger volume of material to carry the load leads to an increase in toughness of these structures, and thus suggested that the pores should be architected to maximize the distribution of load. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Cholla cactus wood possess a unique hierarchical structure that enables it to thrive in arid environments. Our correlative microscopy approach reveals incredible strategies that individual wood components exhibit to enable the survival of Cholla cactus in extreme environments. The present work quantifies the microstructure and mechanical properties of this very interesting natural system. We further investigate a design principle inspired by the vessel elements, one of the wood components of Cholla cactus, using finite element simulations. The study presented here advances our understanding of the structural significance of Cholla cactus and potentially other desert plants and will further help design architected structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Morankar
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amey Luktuke
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eugenia Nieto-Valeiras
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, Getafe, Madrid 28906, Spain; Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid/Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Yash Mistry
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Dhruv Bhate
- School of Manufacturing Systems and Networks, Arizona State University, 7001 E Williams Field Rd, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Clint A Penick
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Nikhilesh Chawla
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Das IJ, Bal T. Evaluation of Opuntia-carrageenan superporous hydrogel (OPM-CRG SPH) as an effective biomaterial for drug release and tissue scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128503. [PMID: 38040152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The process of wound healing involves complex interplay of systems biology, dependent on coordination of various cell types, both intra and extracellular mechanisms, proteins, and signaling pathways. To enhance these interactions, drugs must be administered precisely and continuously, effectively regulating the intricate mechanisms involved in the body's response to injury. Controlled drug delivery systems (DDS) play a pivotal role in achieving this objective. A proficient DDS shields the wound from mechanical, oxidative, and enzymatic stress, against bacterial contamination ensuring an adequate oxygen supply while optimizing the localized and sustained delivery of drugs to target tissue. A pH-sensitive SPH was designed by blending two natural polysaccharides, Opuntia mucilage and carrageenan, using microwave irradiation and optimized according to swelling index at pH 1.2, 7.0, and 8.0 and % porosity. Optimized grade was analyzed for surface hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity using OCA. Analytical characterizations were performed using FTIR, TGA, XRD, DSC, reflecting semicrystalline behavior. Mechanical property confirmed adequate strength. In vitro drug release study with ciprofloxacin-HCL as model drug showed 97.8 % release within 10 h, fitting to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model following diffusion and erosion mechanism. In vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory assays, zebrafish toxicity, and animal studies in mice with SPH concluded it as a novel biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itishree Jogamaya Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Trishna Bal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India.
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El Fakhouri K, Ramdani C, Aasfar A, Boulamtat R, Sijilmassi B, El Bouhssini M, Kadmiri IM. Isolation, identification and pathogenicity of local entomopathogenic bacteria as biological control agents against the wild cochineal Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) on cactus pear in Morocco. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21647. [PMID: 38062128 PMCID: PMC10703873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) cactus, a crucial crop in Morocco, is threatened by the wild cochineal, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell). The aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of nine bacterial strains against both D. opuntiae nymphs and adults females applied individually or after black soap in the laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions. Using the partial 16S ribosomal DNA, the bacterial isolates were identified as Pseudomonas koreensis, Pseudomonas sp., Burkholderia sp. and Bacillus sp. Under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal activity of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 showed the level mortality (88%) of adult females' at 108 CFU/mL, 7 days after application. At a concentration of 108 CFU/mL, P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 and Pseudomonas sp. (strains 37 and 5) caused 100% nymphs mortality rate three days after application. Under greenhouse conditions, the use of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 at 108 CFU/mL following the application of black soap (60 g/L) demonstrated the maximum levels of females and nymphs' mortalities with 80 and 91.25%, respectively, after 8 days of treatment. In field conditions, the combined application of the P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 at 108 CFU/mL with black soap at 60 g/L, for an interval of 7 days, significantly increased the mortality of adult females to 93.33% at 7 days after the second application. These findings showed that the combined treatment of P. koreensis strain 66Ms.04 with black soap can be a potent and eco-friendly pesticide against D. opuntiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim El Fakhouri
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Chaimae Ramdani
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Aasfar
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Rescarch (MAScIR), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid Boulamtat
- Entomology Laboratory, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Institutes, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Badreddine Sijilmassi
- Rhizobium Laboratory, Genetic Resources Section, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Rabat Institutes, P.O. Box 6299, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mustapha El Bouhssini
- AgroBioSciences Program, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Issam Meftah Kadmiri
- Plant and Microbial Biotechnology center, Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Rescarch (MAScIR), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
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11
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Moura RDL, Dutra LMG, Nascimento MDVSD, de Oliveira JCN, Viera VB, Dantas BS, Costa RG, da Silva MS, de Medeiros AN, Nascimento YMD, Tavares JF, Soares JKB. Cactus flour ( Opuntia ficus-indica) reduces brain lipid peroxidation and anxious-like behavior in old Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 272:114360. [PMID: 37778453 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of cactus flour on the anxious-like behavior and cerebral lipid peroxidation in elderly rats (18 months of life). The rats were divided into four groups (n=10). control (CG) - received the AIN-93M ration. P5%. P10% and P15%. treated with the AIN-93M ration with the addition of 5, 10 and 15% of cactus flour respectively. In the elevated plus maze (EPM) groups P5%, P10% and P15% remained longer in the open arms. P15% remained longer in this region and less time in the closed arms. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding the time the rats remained in the center of the apparatus. P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of head dips. Regarding the open field animals P5%. P10% and P15% performed a greater number of rearing and stayed for a longer time in the center of the apparatus with P15% being the group that remained for the longest time when compared to the other groups. There was no difference in locomotion and grooming. As for the light-dark box. P15% spent more time in the light part. less time in the dark part and performed a smaller number of transitions. P5%. P10% and P15% had the lowest concentrations of brain lipid peroxidation. Our data demonstrated that consumption of cactus flour by rats promoted anxiolytic effects and minimized brain lipid peroxidation in aging. Given the above, it can be deduced that cactus pear can contribute to the prevention and/or treatment of anxiety in the aging phase.Due to its concentrations of mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids, soluble fibers and antioxidant contents such as vitamin E and selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renally de Lima Moura
- Program of Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva Dantas
- Program of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Roberto Germano Costa
- Technologists Training Center - Campus IV, Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Sobral da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros
- Center for Agricultural Sciences - Campus III, Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Yuri Mangueira do Nascimento
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Post-Graduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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12
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de Farias PM, Matheus JRV, Fai AEC, de Vasconcelos LB, Tapia-Blácido DR. Global Research Trends on the Utilization of Nopal ( Opuntia Sp) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Industrial Use. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2023; 78:621-629. [PMID: 37861933 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Although nopal cladodes are a valuable bioactive compound source, they have historically been underused. This review draws a parallel between quantitative and qualitative data from the most outstanding scientific research concerning nopal cladodes in the last five years by implementing a bibliometric analysis. Italy, Mexico, Brazil, and Morocco accounted for approximately 55% of the 111 articles selected for this review. Nopal cladodes are a great source of nourishing ingredients such as mucilage, pectin, insoluble fibers, minerals, ascorbic acid, and bioactive compounds such as carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin), flavonoids (e.g., isorhamnetin, quercetin, rutin, and catechin), phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol and β-campesterol). Additionally, they offer technological benefits as a food ingredient, allied to good sensory acceptability. The findings suggest that medium-aged cladodes (20 days) have the highest concentration of soluble fiber, protein, and bioactive compounds, rendering them the optimal maturity stage for consumption and processing. Therefore, nopal cladodes can be exploited for several industries, including biotechnology, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and they have attracted attention as a promising ingredient for the food industry in the concept of the next generation of innovative and functional vegetable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marques de Farias
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil
| | - Julia Rabelo Vaz Matheus
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Elizabeth Cavalcante Fai
- Food and Nutrition Graduate Program, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Practices for Sustainability, Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Maracanã Campus, São Francisco Xavier Av., 524, 12th floor, room 12006 D, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Delia R Tapia-Blácido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim KW. Comments on Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Gut Liver 2023; 17:954-955. [PMID: 37967841 PMCID: PMC10651370 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hocine H, Debab A, Benettayeb A, Al-Farraj S, Alkahtane AA, Olivier J, Sillanpaa M. Effectiveness of Opuntia ficus indica (cactus) fruit juice for sludge conditioning. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1124. [PMID: 37651056 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11766-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The possibility of using Opuntia ficus indica fruit juice (OFIFJ) as a bioflocculant for conditioning the synthetic kaolin sludge and sewage sludge (region Oran, Algeria, and Pau, France) was studied. Turbidity of the supernatant, dryness of the sludge cake, and total time of filtration (TTF) were examined parameters. Using vacuum filtration, lime was also tested as a chemical conditioner and gives good results on Lescar (France) sewage sludge in terms of cake's dryness, filtrate quality, turbidity (13.54%), and total time of filtration (TTF = 85.29%), comparing to the industrial polymer (Sedifloc 408C; turbidity; 8.33% and TTF: 2.94%). For the sewage sludge of Oran (Algeria), the results obtained with OFIFJ were compared to those obtained with the cladodes juice of the same plant OFIC, and also with a cationic polymer (Superfloc 8396). For an optimum dosage, it showed that OFIFJ has a flocculation activity as same as the cladodes juice OFIC for sludge conditioning and gives better results in terms of turbidity (dosage of 22.4 g/kg DM: 3.7 NTU for OFIC, dosage of 8.36: 3.63 NTU for OFIFJ. Dryness was enhanced from 14.91 to 22.93% (OFIC 16 g/kg DM) and to 24.48% (OFIF 20.9 g/kg DM) but for TTF, we found the opposite. In fact, this plant showed to be an available, biodegradable, and non-toxic flocculant. For kaolin synthetic sludge (30%), the optimum dosages of those conditioners were found to be 0.066 g kg-1 for OFIC, comparing between vacuum filtration and filtration compression; turbidity was enhanced for both techniques, contrary to dryness. Concerning the Oran city sewage sludge, both turbidity and dryness were optimized. Same thing for the France sewage sludge, all the studied parameters were enhanced with the two studied bioflocculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Hocine
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory-LIPE-, Département de Génie Chimique, Université de Sciences et de la Technologie-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, BP 1505 EL-M'NAOUAR, Oran, Algeria.
| | - Abdelkader Debab
- Environmental Process Engineering Laboratory-LIPE-, Département de Génie Chimique, Université de Sciences et de la Technologie-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, BP 1505 EL-M'NAOUAR, Oran, Algeria
| | - Asmaa Benettayeb
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et Catalyse Hétérogène, Département de Génie Chimique, Université de Sciences et de la Technologie-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, BP 1505 EL-M'NAOUAR, 31000, Oran, Algeria
| | - Saleh Al-Farraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jérémy Olivier
- Laboratoire de Thermique, Energétique et Procédés, ENSGTI, Rue Jules Ferry, BP 7511, 64075, Pau Cedex, France
| | - Mika Sillanpaa
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Albuquerque Junior PS, Silva CAD, Ramos RS, Zanuncio JC, Castellani MA. Diaspis echinocacti (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) on cactus pear cladodes: biological aspects at different temperatures. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e274016. [PMID: 37610947 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale mealybug, Diaspis echinocacti (Bouché, 1833) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is one of the main pests of the cactus pear in Brazil. The objective was to study biological aspects of D. echinocacti at the constant temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 33 and 35 °C with relative humidity of 60 ± 10% and photoperiod of 12 hours in the laboratory on the cactus pear cultivar, "Orelha de Elefante Mexicana", Opuntia stricta [Haw.] Haw. The development period (22 to 35 days) and survival in the egg (92 to 100%) and nymph (21.8 to 100%) stages and of the egg-adult cycle (20 to 100%), longevity (34.1 to 59.6 days) and fecundity (33 to 112 eggs) of D. echinocacti females with the different temperature and absence of males at the highest temperatures (> 30°C), indicated that the range between 25 °C and 30°C is the most favorable for this scale mealybug. This information may help to improve integrated management programs for D. echinocacti, in areas subject to seasonal temperature changes in the Brazilian regions where cactus pear is cultivated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C A D Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
- Embrapa Algodão, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - R S Ramos
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - J C Zanuncio
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Departamento de Entomologia - BIOAGRO, Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - M A Castellani
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Zootecnia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brasil
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16
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Riaz Y, Barkaat S, Adeel S, Fazal-Ur-Rehman, Ibrahim M, Zuber M, Ozomay M, Khattak SP. Anar Phali ( Opuntia ficus) juice extract as a novel pollution-free source of natural betalain dye for wool yarn. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92084-92094. [PMID: 37479940 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28470-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Green products such as plant pigments in all filed are gaining fame globally due to their excellent ayurvedic and biological characteristics. In this study, microwave rays have been employed for the isolation of colorants from Anar Phali while bio-mordant have been included to get color-fast shades. The colorant was isolated in an acidic medium before and after microwave rays for 2 min. For getting darker shades with different tints, sustainable chemical and plant-based extracts as bio-mordant have been employed before and after bio coloration of wool yarn at given conditions. CIE Lab system computed in Colori-spectrophotometer (CS-410) was used to observe the change in color depth and tonal variation of dyed fabrics, and ISO standard methods have been employed to rate the colorfastness to light, washing, and rubbing at grey scale. It is concluded that microwave rays have an excellent sustainable efficacy to isolate colorant from Anar Phali powder for wool dyeing, whereas the addition of bio-mordants has made the process more sustainable and eco-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samra Barkaat
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Adeel
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Fazal-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zuber
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Meral Ozomay
- Department of Textile Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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17
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Nova ICV, de Almeida WA, Procópio TF, Godoy RSM, Miranda FR, Barbosa RC, Nascimento JDS, Paiva PMG, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, Pimenta PFP, Martins GF, Navarro DMDAF, Napoleão TH, Pontual EV. Extract from Opuntia ficus-indica cladode delays the Aedes aegypti larval development by inducing an axenic midgut environment. Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 2023; 113:e21872. [PMID: 35112391 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of acute exposure of Aedes aegypti third instar (L3 ) larvae to the saline extract of Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes on the biological cycle and fertility of the emerging adults. For this, larvae were treated for 24 h with the extract at ¼ LC50 (lethal concentration to kill 50% of larvae), ½ LC50 or LC50 ; the development and reproduction of the emerged adults were evaluated after a recovery period of 9 days. The resistance of proteins in the extract to hydrolysis by L3 digestive enzymes and histomorphological alterations in the larval midgut were also investigated. The extract contained lectin, flavonoids, cinnamic derivatives, terpenes, steroids, and reducing sugars. It showed a LC50 of 3.71% for 48 h. The data indicated mean survival times similar in control and extract treatments. It was observed development delay in extract-treated groups, with a lower number of adults than in control. However, the females that emerged laid similar number of eggs in control and treatments. Histological evaluation revealed absence of bacterial and fungal microorganisms in the food content in midguts from larvae treated with cladode extract. Electrophoresis revealed that three polypeptides in the extract resisted to hydrolysis by L3 digestive proteases for 90 min. The lectin activity was not altered even after 24-h incubation with the enzymes. In conclusion, the extract from O. ficus-indica can delay the development of Ae. aegypti larvae, which may be linked to induction of an axenic environment at larval midgut and permanence of lectin activity even after proteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella C V Nova
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Welton A de Almeida
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thamara F Procópio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Raquel S M Godoy
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Franciane R Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Renata C Barbosa
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jéssica da Silva Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Magda R A Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luiz A L Soares
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Paulo F P Pimenta
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F Martins
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maria do Amaral F Navarro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel V Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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18
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Pacheco HGJ, Elguera NY, Ancco M, Castro AELF, Meza MEB, Almeida VC. Combined coagulation-electrocoagulation process using biocoagulant from the Opuntia ficus-indica for treatment of cheese whey wastewater. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:491. [PMID: 36943586 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a combined coagulation-electrocoagulation process using a biocoagulant from the Opuntia ficus-indica for treatment of cheese whey wastewater. The process parameters as pH, biocoagulant dosage, and current density were evaluated from the chemometric tools. A Box-Behnken design was used, having as responses the removal percentages of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results showed that for the studied variable ranges, linear models were obtained and the pH was parameter more significant for treatment proposed. The pH showed synergic effect with the investigated parameters, while the biocoagulant dosage and density current showed antagonistic effects. The desirability function was used to optimization of process, and suggested values were pH 10.0, biocoagulant dosage of 4.4 g L-1, and current density of 31.5 mA cm-2, which showed removals of turbidity and COD of 98.9 and 83.8%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo G J Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Lima, Peru
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José, San Jose s/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Naysha Y Elguera
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Lima, Peru
| | - Midwar Ancco
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Lima, Peru
| | - Antonio E L F Castro
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria E B Meza
- Universidad Católica de Santa María, Urb. San José, San Jose s/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Peru
| | - Vitor C Almeida
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, 5790 Colombo Avenue, Maringá , Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Kondo A, Ito M, Takeda Y, Kurahashi Y, Toh S, Funaguma T. Morphological and antioxidant responses of Nopalea cochenillifera cv. Maya (edible Opuntia sp. "Kasugai Saboten") to chilling acclimatization. J Plant Res 2023; 136:211-225. [PMID: 36690846 PMCID: PMC9988806 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the wintering ability of the cactus Nopalea cochenillifera cv. Maya (edible Opuntia sp., common name "Kasugai Saboten"), we investigated the effects of temperature and antioxidant capacity on chilling acclimatization. We analyzed the anatomy of cladode chlorenchyma tissue of plants exposed to light under chilling. We found that chilling acclimatization can be achieved by exposure to approximately 15 °C for 2 weeks and suggest that it is affected by whether or not antioxidant capacity can recover. The overwintering cacti had the thinnest cuticle but firm cuticular wax, which is important in the acquisition of low temperature tolerance under strong light. In cacti with severe chilling injury, round swollen nuclei with clumping chloroplasts were localized in the upper part (axial side) of the cell, as though pushed up by large vacuoles in the lower part. In overwintering cacti, chloroplasts were arranged on the lateral side of the cell as in control plants, but they formed pockets: invaginations with a thin layer of chloroplast stroma that surrounded mitochondria and peroxisomes. Specific cellular structural changes depended on the degree of chilling stress and provide useful insights linking chloroplast behavior and structural changes to the environmental stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Kondo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan.
| | - Masashi Ito
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takeda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Yuka Kurahashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
| | - Toru Funaguma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku, Nagoya, 468-8502, Japan
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20
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Filippone A, Casili G, Lanza M, Scuderi SA, Ardizzone A, Capra AP, Paterniti I, Campolo M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E. Evaluation of the Efficacy of Xyloglucan, Pea Protein and Opuntia ficus-indica Extract in a Preclinical Model of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043122. [PMID: 36834534 PMCID: PMC9966091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal gene abnormalities, epidermal barrier defects and inflammation. Corticosteroids are considered to be standard treatments, but often come with side effects and lose efficacy with long-term use. Alternative treatments targeting the epidermal barrier defect are needed to manage the disease. Film-forming substances such as xyloglucan, pea protein and Opuntia ficus-indica extract (XPO) have generated interest for their ability to restore skin barrier integrity and may pose an alternative approach to disease management. Thus, the aim of this two-part study was to evaluate the barrier-protective properties of a topical cream containing XPO on the membrane permeability of keratinocytes exposed to inflammatory conditions and compare its efficacy to dexamethasone (DXM) in an in vivo model of psoriasis-like dermatitis. XPO treatment significantly reduced S. aureus adhesion, subsequent skin invasion and restored epithelial barrier function in keratinocytes. Furthermore, the treatment restored the integrity of keratinocytes, reducing tissue damage. In mice with psoriasis-like dermatitis, XPO significantly reduced erythema, inflammatory markers and epidermal thickening with a superior efficacy to dexamethasone. Given the promising results, XPO may represent a novel steroid-sparing therapeutic for epidermal-related diseases such as psoriasis, thanks to its ability to preserve skin barrier function and integrity.
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21
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Gambino G, Brighina F, Allegra M, Marrale M, Collura G, Gagliardo C, Attanzio A, Tesoriere L, Di Majo D, Ferraro G, Sardo P, Giglia G. Modulation of Human Motor Cortical Excitability and Plasticity by Opuntia Ficus Indica Fruit Consumption: Evidence from a Preliminary Study through Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224915. [PMID: 36432601 PMCID: PMC9694319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Indicaxanthin (IX) from Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) has been shown to exert numerous biological effects both in vitro and in vivo, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuro-modulatory activity in rodent models. Our goal was to investigate the eventual neuro-active role of orally assumed fruits containing high levels of IX at nutritionally-relevant amounts in healthy subjects, exploring cortical excitability and plasticity in the human motor cortex (M1). To this purpose, we applied paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) in basal conditions and followed the consumption of yellow cactus pear fruits containing IX or white cactus pear fruits devoid of IX (placebo). Furthermore, resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) preliminary acquisitions were performed before and after consumption of the same number of yellow fruits. Our data revealed that the consumption of IX-containing fruits could specifically activate intracortical excitatory circuits, differently from the placebo-controlled group. Furthermore, we found that following the ingestion of IX-containing fruits, elevated network activity of glutamatergic intracortical circuits can homeostatically be restored to baseline levels following a-tDCS stimulation. No significant differences were observed through rs-fMRI acquisitions. These outcomes suggest that IX from OFI increases intracortical excitability of M1 and leads to homeostatic cortical plasticity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Filippo Brighina
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Allegra
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marrale
- Department of Physics and Chemistry “Emilio Segrè”, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Collura
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesare Gagliardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Attanzio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luisa Tesoriere
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Danila Di Majo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ferraro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Sardo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Postgraduate School of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (P.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Giglia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, 90134 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Sallam IE, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Schäpe SS, Zaghloul SS, El-Dine RS, Shao P, von Bergen M, Farag MA. Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Biotransformation of Opuntia Ficus Fruit: The Effect of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Molecules 2022; 27:7568. [PMID: 36364395 PMCID: PMC9653959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica biological effects are attributed to several bioactive metabolites. However, these actions could be altered in vivo by biotransformation reactions mainly via gut microbiota. This study assessed gut microbiota effect on the biotransformation of O. ficus-indica metabolites both in vitro and ex vivo. Two-time aliquots (0.5 and 24 h) from the in vitro assay were harvested post incubation of O. ficus-indica methanol extract with microbial consortium, while untreated and treated samples with fecal bacterial culture from the ex vivo assay were prepared. Metabolites were analyzed using UHPLC-QTOF-MS, with flavonoid glycosides completely hydrolyzed in vitro at 24 h being converted to two major metabolites, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid and phloroglucinol, concurrent with an increase in the gallic acid level. In case of the ex vivo assay, detected flavonoid glycosides in untreated sample were completely absent from treated counterpart with few flavonoid aglycones and 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid in parallel to an increase in piscidic acid. In both assays, fatty and organic acids were completely hydrolyzed being used as energy units for bacterial growth. Chemometric tools were employed revealing malic and (iso)citric acids as the main discriminating metabolites in vitro showing an increased abundance at 0.5 h, whereas in ex vivo assay, (iso)citric, aconitic and mesaconic acids showed an increase at untreated sample. Piscidic acid was a significant marker for the ex vivo treated sample. DPPH, ORAC and FRAP assays were further employed to determine whether these changes could be associated with changes in antioxidant activity, and all assays showed a decline in antioxidant potential post biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim E. Sallam
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Serena Schäpe
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Soumaya S. Zaghloul
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Riham S. El-Dine
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ GmbH, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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23
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Abedelmalek S, Aloui K, Boussetta N, Alahmadi B, Zouch M, Chtourou H, Souissi N. Does Opuntia ficus-indica Juice Supplementation Improve Biochemical and Cardiovascular Response to a 6-Minute Walk Test in Type 2 Diabetic Patients? Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:1561. [PMID: 36363518 PMCID: PMC9696711 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Opuntia ficus-indica juice (OFIJ) on performance and biochemical and physiological responses to a 6 min walking test (6MWT) in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Twenty diabetic patients performed a 6MWT at 07:00 h. During each test session, they were asked to drink 70 mL/day of natural OFIJ or placebo (PLA) for 4 days. Results: the results showed that cardiovascular parameters increased significantly after the 6MWT under both conditions. While, cortisol, HbA1c, cholesterol total (CT), triglycerides (TG), as well as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were not modified between without and with supplementation. Likewise, no significant variation in performance was observed for PLA and OFIJ (p > 0.05). The cardiovascular parameters (heart rate max (HRmax), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP)), lipid profile (CT, TG, LDL, and high-density lipoprotein HDL), hormonal parameters (insulin and glucagon), HbA1c and lactate ([La]) did not present any significant modification either between PLA or OFIJ (p > 0.05). Muscle-damage markers (creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)], cortisol, and liver parameters (i.e., oxidative stress marker, γGT, and total bilirubin) as well as glucose (GLC) were affected by supplementation (p < 0.05) before and after the 6MWT, but this change was significant only for OFIJ (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OFIJ had an antioxidant capacity, improved performance of the 6MWT, and reduced muscle-damage markers and glucose level in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Abedelmalek
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Ha’il, Hail 55255, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khouloud Aloui
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Boussetta
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Bayan Alahmadi
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Ha’il, Hail 55255, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Zouch
- Laboratory of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Faculty of Medicine, Sousse 4002, Tunisia
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Activity, College of Education, University of Ha’il, Hail 55255, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
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Hussain S, Alamri MS, Mohamed AA, Ibraheem MA, Qasem AAA, Shamlan G, Ababtain IA. Dough Performance and Quality Evaluation of Cookies Prepared from Flour Blends Containing Cactus ( Opuntia ficus-indica) and Acacia (Acacia seyal) Gums. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217217. [PMID: 36364040 PMCID: PMC9654236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acacia (AG) and cactus gums (CG) were mixed into wheat flour at the 3% and 6% levels. The flour blends were tested for their pasting, dough development, and extensibility behaviors. The blends were used to make cookies, which were then evaluated for their physical, textural, and sensory qualities. Both types of gum reduced the setback viscosities, water absorption, and farinograph quality numbers while increasing the water retention capacity, dough development time, and extensibility. The thickness and diameter of the cookies decreased in the presence of the cactus gum, while the acacia gum resulted in greater thickness and diameter. The addition of more gums increased the hardness of the cookies while decreasing their fracturability. All the cookie types were acceptable for all the sensory attributes studied. When compared to the control, the panelists preferred the color of the cookies with a higher level of gum. Overall, the presence of gums in the formulation resulted in the development of cookies with improved technological and sensory attributes. Likewise, the cookies with higher levels of gum can deliver 6% more soluble fiber without compromising their overall acceptability.
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Corona-Cervantes K, Parra-Carriedo A, Hernández-Quiroz F, Martínez-Castro N, Vélez-Ixta JM, Guajardo-López D, García-Mena J, Hernández-Guerrero C. Physical and Dietary Intervention with Opuntia ficus-indica (Nopal) in Women with Obesity Improves Health Condition through Gut Microbiota Adjustment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051008. [PMID: 35267983 PMCID: PMC8912383 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease resulting in excessive accumulation of fat. Worldwide, obesity is an important public health problem, affecting a large proportion of the world population. The tender cactus Opuntia ficus-indica, commonly known in Mexico as “nopal”, is widely distributed in this country, Latin America, South Africa, and the Mediterranean area. Nopal cladodes are commonly marketed in different forms as fresh, frozen, or pre-cooked, and used as fresh green vegetable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of nopal to improve the health condition of participants affected by obesity, in a physical and dietary intervention, through gut microbiota modification. These results were contrasted with the effect of nopal in the gut microbiota of normal weight participants. We describe the association among biochemical, anthropometric markers, and the gut microbiota diversity found in fecal samples of the obese and normal weight groups. The results presented in this work suggest that caloric restriction, addition of nopal to the diet and physical activity, promote changes in the gut microbiota in obese women, improving the host metabolism, as suggested by the correlation between some bacterial species with biochemical and anthropometrical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corona-Cervantes
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (F.H.-Q.); (J.M.V.-I.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Alicia Parra-Carriedo
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Mexico; (A.P.-C.); (N.M.-C.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Fernando Hernández-Quiroz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (F.H.-Q.); (J.M.V.-I.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Noemí Martínez-Castro
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Mexico; (A.P.-C.); (N.M.-C.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Juan Manuel Vélez-Ixta
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (F.H.-Q.); (J.M.V.-I.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - Diana Guajardo-López
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Mexico; (A.P.-C.); (N.M.-C.); (D.G.-L.)
| | - Jaime García-Mena
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Cinvestav, Avenida IPN 2508, Ciudad de Mexico 07360, Mexico; (K.C.-C.); (F.H.-Q.); (J.M.V.-I.); (J.G.-M.)
| | - César Hernández-Guerrero
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Paseo de la Reforma 880, Ciudad de Mexico 01219, Mexico; (A.P.-C.); (N.M.-C.); (D.G.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-(55)-5950-4000 (ext. 9177)
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26
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Kashif RR, D’Cunha NM, Mellor DD, Alexopoulos NI, Sergi D, Naumovski N. Prickly Pear Cacti ( Opuntia spp.) Cladodes as a Functional Ingredient for Hyperglycemia Management: A Brief Narrative Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58020300. [PMID: 35208623 PMCID: PMC8874358 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing along with its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From a pathophysiological perspective, T2DM arises as a consequence of insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, which together induce chronic hyperglycemia. The pharmacological treatment of T2DM specifically focuses on its management, rather than remission, with a lack of pharmacological agents to prevent the onset of the disease. Considering the role of unhealthy dietary patterns on the development of T2DM, identifying novel food ingredients and bioactive substances may provide new avenues by which to address the T2DM epidemic. In this brief review, we have summarized the latest findings on the consumption of the prickly pear (PP; Opuntia spp.) cladode as a potential nutritional tool for the management of hyperglycemia. The consumption of prickly pear cladodes was reported to exert hypoglycemic effects, making it a potential cost-effective nutritional intervention for the management of T2DM. Several studies have demonstrated that the consumption of prickly pear cladodes and the related products reduced post-prandial glucose levels. The cladodes’ high fiber content may be implicated in improving glycemic control, by affecting glucose absorption and effectively slowing its release into the blood circulation. Given these potential hypoglycemic effects, prickly pear cladodes may represent a potential functional food ingredient to improve glycemic control and counter the negative metabolic effects of the modern Western diet. Nonetheless, in consideration of the lack of evidence on the chronic effects of the prickly pear cladode, future research aimed at evaluating its long-term effects on glycemic control is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Raahim Kashif
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Nathan M. D’Cunha
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Duane D. Mellor
- Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | | | - Domenico Sergi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (R.R.K.)
- Functional Foods and Nutrition Research (FFNR) Laboratory, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6206-8719
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27
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Kadda S, Belabed A, Loukili EH, Hammouti B, Fadlaoui S. Temperature and extraction methods effects on yields, fatty acids, and tocopherols of prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus-indica L.) seed oil of eastern region of Morocco. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:158-166. [PMID: 34648165 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16752-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the effect of temperature and extraction methods on the yields, chemical quality, fatty acids, and tocopherols of the oil extracted from the seeds of Opuntia ficus-indica, collected in the eastern region of Morocco. Our results revealed the effect of temperature that when we increase the temperature used, the yields also increase; the results also showed that this high temperature does not affect the physicochemical properties, fatty acids, and tocopherols. Thus, the results of this study revealed that the prickly pear is a rich source of oil; the obtained oil yields varied from 12.49%±0.09 for mechanical extraction, 11.46±0.10 for chemical extraction, and 10.52%±0.09 for maceration. The main fatty acids founded in Opuntia ficus-indica are linoleic acid 75.80%±0.10 (chemical), 74.07%±0.14 (maceration), and 71.59%±0.14 (mechanical) and palmitic acid 17.32%±0.02 (chemical), 22.419%±0.06 (maceration), and 26.58%±0.00 (mechanical); prickly pear oil could be classified as a linoleic acid. The physicochemical properties of Opuntia ficus-indica seed oils such as acid index mgKOH/g oil (4,376±0.10, 5.854±0.03, 5.667±0.07), saponification value mgKOH/g oil (181.12 ±0.18, 183.77±1.23, 179.08±3.45), and peroxide value 20milieq/Kg (5.75±0.08, 6±0.06, 5.97±0.04) for mechanical, chemical, and maceration extraction, respectively, density, and refractive index were all found to be in good accordance with quality criteria for both pure and fresh oils. Among the tocopherols found, a high value of γ-tocopherol was detected in mechanical extraction with 502.04±0.76 mg/kg, followed by chemical extraction and maceration with 430.12±0.61mg/kg and 315.47±0.96 mg/kg, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Kadda
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Abdelmadjid Belabed
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - El Hassania Loukili
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Belkheir Hammouti
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Materials and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Fadlaoui
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Improvement of Agricultural Production, Biotechnology and Environment, Mohamed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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28
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Herrera MD, Zegbe JA, Melero-Meraz V, Cruz-Bravo RK. Functional Properties of Prickly Pear Cactus Fruit Peels Undergoing Supplemental Irrigation and Fruit Storage Conditions. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2021; 76:427-433. [PMID: 34665433 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Prickly pear cactus fruit peels have been seen as organic waste. This study explored the effect of supplemental irrigation during fruit growth of 'Roja Lisa' (Opuntia ficus-indica) prickly pear cactus on the antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties of peel extracts from fruits collected at harvest and after storage conditions. The treatments were non-irrigated and supplemental irrigation and the storage conditions were cold or room temperature, and freshly harvested fruit. After each fruit quality evaluation, peels from each treatment combination were pooled and the concentrations of phenolic compounds, inhibition of an in vitro digestive enzyme, antioxidant capacity, and in vivo hypoglycemic (- control = 268 mg/dL versus fruit peel extracts = 204 mg/dL at 30 min) and hypolipidemic (- control = 203 mg/dL versus fruit peel extracts = 148 mg/dL at 30 min) properties were determined. Therefore, fruit peels could potentially be harnessed for human health benefits, instead of treated as organic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Denise Herrera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo km 24.5, Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, 98500, México
| | - Jorge A Zegbe
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo km 24.5, Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, 98500, México.
| | - Valentín Melero-Meraz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo km 24.5, Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, 98500, México
| | - Raquel K Cruz-Bravo
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Fresnillo km 24.5, Calera de Víctor Rosales, Zacatecas, 98500, México
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Antunes-Ricardo M, Guardado-Félix D, Rocha-Pizaña MR, Garza-Martínez J, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA, Villela-Castrejón J, López-Pacheco F, Serna-Saldívar SO. Opuntia ficus-indica Extract and Isorhamnetin-3-O-Glucosyl-Rhamnoside Diminish Tumor Growth of Colon Cancer Cells Xenografted in Immune-Suppressed Mice through the Activation of Apoptosis Intrinsic Pathway. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2021; 76:434-441. [PMID: 34786663 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica extract (OFI-E) and its glycoside isorhamnetin-3-O-glucosyl-rhamnoside (IGR) on the growth of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and in a xenografted-immunosuppressed mice model. The IC50 values of OFI-E and IGR on colon cancer cells (HT-29 RFP) were determinate, as well as their effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis induction. OFI-E and IGR produced an increased in apoptosis induction, ROS production and a G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In xenografted-inmunosupressed mice, OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth rate, myeloperoxidase activity and total cholesterol levels. OFI-E and IGR reduced the tumor growth through the overexpression of cleaved Caspase-9, Hdac11, and Bai1 proteins. OFI-E reduced the expression of bcl-2. Results demonstrated the chemopreventive effects of OFI-E, and its purified compound IGR, showing their potential as an alternative in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - D Guardado-Félix
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - M R Rocha-Pizaña
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J Garza-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - L Acevedo-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - J A Gutiérrez-Uribe
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Puebla, Vía Atlixcáyotl 2301, C.P. 72453, Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - J Villela-Castrejón
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - F López-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico
| | - S O Serna-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, N.L., Mexico.
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Nedjimi B. Determination of Some Major and Trace Elements in Cladodes of Barbary fig ( Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4353-4359. [PMID: 33400153 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Barbary fig (Opuntia ficus-indica) has attracted great attention in extensive rural agriculture for its potential agronomic, medicinal, and environmental benefits. However, there is only incomplete information about its chemical profile. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry was applied to determine the concentrations of 11 major and trace elements (Br, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, P, Rb, Sr, Yb, and Zn) in cladodes of O. ficus-indica and the adjacent soil. For analytical accuracy, the standard reference materials CRM-IAEA 336 (Lichen) and CRM-NIST 1646a (Estuarine Sediment) were used. The relationships between the chemical elements were established by Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results show that K, P, Fe, and Mn were the dominant essential elements in O. ficus-indica cladodes; however, Br, Cr, Cu, Rb, Yb, and Zn were present at low concentrations. The cladodes showed high enrichment with K, Sr, and Br (BEF > 1), but the values of this coefficient were below 1 for the remaining elements. The PCA showed that in the O. ficus-indica cladodes, the higher concentrations of Br, K, and Sr were correlated; conversely, the highest contents of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, P, Rb, Yb, and Zn were retained in the soil. The present findings enabled us to determine that O. ficus-indica has a high ability to accumulate K, P, Fe, and Mn in its cladodes. Therefore, the data obtained from the analysis of this cactus will be useful for nutritional and medicinal purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouzid Nedjimi
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppe Ecosystem, Faculty of Science of Nature and Life, Ziane Achour University of Djelfa, Cité Aîn Chih, P.O. Box 3117, 17000, Djelfa, Algeria.
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31
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Santana FB, Silveira HFA, Souza LA, Soares SAR, de Freitas Santos Júnior A, Araujo RGO, Santos DCMB. Evaluation of the Mineral Content in Forage Palm ( Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenillifera) Using Chemometric Tools. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3939-3949. [PMID: 33188459 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An acid digestion procedure of the forage palm (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill and Nopalea cochenilifera) employing a closed digestor block applied full 24 factorial design was optimized. The optimal conditions were HNO3 5.0 mol L-1, 2.0 mL of H2O2 30% m m-1, 120 min of digestion, and heating temperature of 180 °C. The certified reference materials of apple leaves (NIST 1515) and tomato leaves (Agro C1003a) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the analytical method. The concentrations of the macroelements were (in % m m-1) Ca (1.32-3.71), K (0.88-5.29), Mg (0.70-1.78), and P (0.03-0.32). For the microelements, the concentrations (in μg g-1) obtained were As (< 1.39), Cd (< 0.10), Cu (< 0.17-5.6), Fe (8.0-50.2), Na (< 1.85), Sr (41-348), and Zn (17.3-159). Essential elements such as Ca, Mg, and Zn made good contributions to daily intake, being an alternative to meet the nutritional needs of these macroelements and microelements in humans. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate the results, obtaining trends between the samples in relation to their mineral composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe B Santana
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Hilária F A Silveira
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Laís A Souza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Sarah Adriana R Soares
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | - Rennan Geovanny O Araujo
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Daniele Cristina M B Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia do CNPq - INCT de Energia e Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil.
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Química Analítica (GPQA), Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil.
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Gómez-Maqueo A, Soccio M, Cano MP. In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Opuntia spp. Fruits Measured by the LOX-FL Method and its High Sensitivity Towards Betalains. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2021; 76:354-362. [PMID: 34363561 PMCID: PMC8426225 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Current in vitro methodologies neglect or subestimate the contribution of betalains to antioxidant capacity in foods because they do not reflect their in vivo biological mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the sensibility of the lipoxygenase-fluorescein (LOX-FL) method towards betalains, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid from Opuntia spp. fruits; and (ii) the antioxidant capacity of peel and pulp extracts from Opuntia ficus-indica L. Mill (var. Fresa, Colorada and Blanco) and Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii; by comparing the LOX-FL method to traditional antioxidant methods (ORAC and TEAC). The spectrophotometric monitoring of the LOX-FL reaction avoided interference caused by betalain pigments. Indicaxanthin and betanin showed high antiperoxidative and radical scavenging mechanisms in the LOX-FL assay. O. stricta var. Dillenii tissues the highest antioxidant capacity which correlated with betanin content. ORAC and TEAC antioxidant methods were less sensible towards betalain antioxidant activity. To our knowledge, this is the first time the LOX-FL antioxidant method has been used on betalains and betalain-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gómez-Maqueo
- Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food Department, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64700, Monterrey, Mexico
- Food Structure Team, Clinical Nutrition Research Center, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Research and Technology, 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Mario Soccio
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - M Pilar Cano
- Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food Department, Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Maurer MM, Baker MA. Volatile profiling of cacti: a preliminary assessment of the taxonomic and evolutionary significance of volatile compounds in Cylindr opuntia, Grusonia, Consolea, Opuntia, Quiabentia, and Tacinga. J Plant Res 2021; 134:1095-1103. [PMID: 33880665 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile analyses of cacti have previously been performed on the flowers, fruits, and consumed stems. During our own investigations, we and others have observed that the cut stems of certain species of the Graveolens clade of Cylindropuntia emitted odors similar to those of rancid butter or cyanoacrylate. Some species of Consolea, Opuntia, Quiabentia, and Tacinga were found to produce similar odors. Fresh samples of Cylindropuntia and these other genera were collected, and the volatile compound profiles were analyzed by solid phase micro-extraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Linear discriminate analysis found the compounds to be characteristic of the odiferous cacti as the aldehydes hexanal, 2-hexenal, and nonanal; the alcohol phenethyl alcohol; the terpene β-phellandrene; the ketone β-ionone; and the diol 5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol. Compounds characteristic of the non-odiferous cacti are the ketones 6-methyl-2-heptanone, 2-octanone, and 1,3-dihydro-5-methyl-2H-benzimidazol-2-one; the alkanes undecane, tridecane, pentadecane, and heptadecane; the aromatics p-cymene and 1,2,3,5-tetramethyl benzene; the esters octyl formate, methyl benzoate, and methyl salicylate; the aldehyde 2-octenal; the alcohol cyclooctyl alcohol; the imine methoxy-phenyl-oxime; the terpene 1-methyl-2-(2-propenyl)-benzene; and nine unknown compounds. Putative hybrid cacti were found to have a unique volatile profile in comparison to the parents. Additionally, differing infraspecific chromosome races, diploids (n = 11) and tetraploids (n = 22), were found to have differing volatile profiles with some compounds increasing with an increase in chromosome number while other compounds decreased with an increase in chromosome number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Maurer
- Knowledge Enterprise Biosciences Core, Arizona State University, PO Box 877901, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7901, USA.
| | - Marc A Baker
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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Gargouri M, Karray F, Chebaane A, Mhiri N, Partida-Martínez LP, Sayadi S, Mliki A. Increasing aridity shapes beta diversity and the network dynamics of the belowground fungal microbiome associated with Opuntia ficus-indica. Sci Total Environ 2021; 773:145008. [PMID: 33592479 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The effects of aridity on soil and water-use efficient (WUE) crop species are relatively well known. However, the understanding of its impacts on the dynamics of below-ground microorganisms associated with plant roots is less well understood. METHODS To investigate the influence of increasing aridity on the dynamics of the fungal communities, samples from the root endosphere and rhizosphere associated with the prickly pear cactus trees (Opuntia ficus-indica) growing along the aridity gradient were collected and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were sequenced. The diversity and network analyses of fungal taxa were determined along with standard measurements of soil parameters. RESULTS We found that (i) the fungal community exhibited similar alpha diversity and shared a set of core taxa within the rhizosphere and endosphere, but there was significant beta diversity differences; (ii) the relative abundance of major phyla was higher in the rhizosphere than in the endosphere; (iii) arbuscular endomycorrhizal colonization was highest in the humid climate and decreased under lower-arid, and was negatively correlated with increased concentration of Ca2+ in the soil; (iv) increased aridity correlated with increased connectivity of the soil microbial-root fungal networks in the arid soils, producing a highly cohesive network in the upper-arid area; and (v) distinct fungal hubs sculpt the fungal microbiome network structure in the rhizosphere and endosphere within each bioclimatic zone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the importance of gradient analysis-based correlation network as a powerful approach to understand changes in the diversity, the dynamics, and the structure of fungal communities associated with the rhizosphere-endosphere interaction and led to the identification of microbes at each bioclimatic zone that are potentially involved in promoting the survival, protection, and growth of Opuntia trees. The variability of fungal hubs composition depending on plant compartment and bioclimatic zone will give key implications for the application of rhizospheric fungi and endophytes as microbial inoculants in agriculture, as well as in the conservation and restoration of cacti plants in arid and semi-arid lands against the backdrop of climate change. Overall, this study will enhance our understanding of the microbiomes'dynamic of CAM plants in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gargouri
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, PB.901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia.
| | - Fatma Karray
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Asma Chebaane
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, PB.901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Najla Mhiri
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, BP 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Laila Pamela Partida-Martínez
- Laboratory of Microbial Interactions, Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), 36824 Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Centre for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Mliki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria, PB.901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Woodman TE, Chen S, Emberts Z, Wilner D, Federle W, Miller CW. Developmental nutrition affects the structural integrity of a sexually selected weapon. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 61:723-735. [PMID: 34117763 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icab130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Males in many species engage in physical combat over access to mates, and sexual selection has led to the evolution of weapons to enhance contest performance. The size of these often-elaborate structures is known to be exquisitely sensitive to nutrition. However, we know very little about the degree to which nutrition affects other attributes of animal weapons that can be crucial to fighting. In this study, we investigated the impact of natural dietary variation on weapon structural integrity in a fighting insect, Narnia femorata (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Males in this species display their enlarged, spiny hind legs to other males, and these legs serve as weapons in aggressive physical contests where they are used to strike and squeeze opponents. N. femorata feeds on the fruit of prickly pear cactus and sets up territories on this plant. In North Central Florida the prickly pear Opuntia mesacantha spp. lata blooms and begins to produce fruits in April and May. N. femorata has multiple, overlapping generations while the green fruits slowly ripen over the next several months. We examined insects reaching adulthood at two nearby time points in this range, June and July, to test the influence of the nutrition provided by ripening green cactus fruit on weapon size and its ability to resist puncture. We also raised insects on cactus with red, ripe fruit for comparison. We found a striking effect of cactus fruit phenology on weapons. Insects raised with the more mature green fruit (those in the second cohort) had 71% larger weapon area and 4.4 times greater puncture resistance than those raised on the early green fruit (those in the first cohort). In contrast, insects raised on red, ripe fruit were moderate in size, had high puncture resistance, and they changed little phenotypically from the first to second cohort. Increased structural integrity of the hind femur weapon was associated with the increased body size that came with better nutrition. This pattern highlights that cuticle thickness increased or its material properties changed when weapons were larger. Importantly, effects of nutrition on puncture resistance also transcended size. Insects of the same size had greater structural integrity if they received superior nutrition. Sexually selected weapons are often used as visual signals to conspecifics before fights, and this work hints that the size of the weapons may be a poor signal of weapon performance when nutrition is variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E Woodman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - S Chen
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Z Emberts
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - D Wilner
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - W Federle
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - C W Miller
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
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Mayer JA, Wone BWM, Alexander DC, Guo L, Ryals JA, Cushman JC. Metabolic profiling of epidermal and mesophyll tissues under water-deficit stress in Opuntia ficus-indica reveals stress-adaptive metabolic responses. Funct Plant Biol 2021; 48:717-731. [PMID: 33896444 DOI: 10.1071/fp20332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is a high productivity species within the Cactaceae grown in many semiarid parts of the world for food, fodder, forage, and biofuels. O. ficus-indica utilises obligate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), an adaptation that greatly improves water-use efficiency (WUE) and reduces crop water usage. To better understand CAM-related metabolites and water-deficit stress responses of O. ficus-indica, comparative metabolic profiling was performed on mesophyll and epidermal tissues collected from well-watered and water-deficit stressed cladodes at 50% relative water content (RWC). Tissues were collected over a 24-h period to identify metabolite levels throughout the diel cycle and analysed using a combination of acidic/basic ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) platforms. A total of 382 metabolites, including 210 (55%) named and 172 (45%) unnamed compounds, were characterised across both tissues. Most tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis intermediates were depleted in plants undergoing water-deficit stress indicative of CAM idling or post-idling, while the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) accumulated in both mesophyll and epidermal tissues as osmoprotectants. Levels of reduced glutathione and other metabolites of the ascorbate cycle as well as oxylipins, stress hormones such as traumatic acid, and nucleotide degradation products were increased under water-deficit stress conditions. Notably, tryptophan accumulation, an atypical response, was significantly (24-fold) higher during all time points in water-deficit stressed mesophyll tissue compared with well-watered controls. Many of the metabolite increases were indicative of a highly oxidising environment under water-deficit stress. A total of 34 unnamed metabolites also accumulated in response to water-deficit stress indicating that such compounds might play important roles in water-deficit stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse A Mayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; and Present address: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Bernard W M Wone
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, SD 57069, USA
| | | | - Lining Guo
- Metabolon Inc., 800 Capitola Drive, Suite 1, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - John A Ryals
- Metabolon Inc., 800 Capitola Drive, Suite 1, Durham, NC 27713, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; and Corresponding author.
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López Navarrete MC, Peña-Valdivia CB, Trejo C, Padilla Chacón D, García N R, Martínez B E. Interaction among species, time-of-day, and soil water potential on biochemical and physiological characteristics of cladodes of Opuntia. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:185-195. [PMID: 33684777 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physiology and biochemistry of young Opuntia spp. cladodes relate with their Crassulacean acid metabolism, which extends over the day-night cycle in four phases, is species-dependent and is affected by water availability. This study aimed to assess the interaction among species, time-of-day, and the soil water potential (ΨW) on biochemical and physiological characteristics of cladodes of Opuntia species. Three-week-old cladodes were harvested at 7:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. from plants with or without irrigation for 30 d (-0.17 and -5.72 MPa soil ΨW), from O. albicarpa, O. ficus-indica, O. hyptiacantha, O. megacantha, and O. streptacantha. The experimental design was a factorial 5 x 2 x 2 (species, sampling time and soil ΨW). The experimental unit was one cladode per plant, and six repetitions were evaluated. Total acids, glucose, fructose, sucrose, starch, total phenolics, free amino acids, and soluble proteins concentrations were evaluated, as well as acid invertase and neutral invertase activities. The interaction among species x soil ΨW and species x time of the day was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in all variables evaluated. An exception was the species x soil ΨW on starch concentration (P = 0.1827). The biochemical and physiological characteristics of Opuntia cladodes were modified by the time of the day and soil ΨW interaction, but most of the characteristics were positively or inversely affected depending on the species, frequently displaying a descending trend following O. streptacantha, O. hyptiacantha, O. megacantha, O. albicarpa and O. ficus-indica. The total acids, glucose, fructose, starch, soluble proteins, and free amino acids concentrations revealed that domestication significantly modifies C and N metabolism in Opuntia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Trejo
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Daniel Padilla Chacón
- Cátedras CONACyT, Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo García N
- Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México-Texcoco, km 33.5, Montecillo, 56230, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Martínez B
- Facultad de Química, Depto. de Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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Salem N, Lamine M, Damergi B, Ezahra F, Feres N, Jallouli S, Hammami M, Khammassi S, Selmi S, Elkahoui S, Limam F, Tabben O. Natural colourants analysis and biological activities. Association to molecular markers to explore the biodiversity of Opuntia species. Phytochem Anal 2020; 31:892-904. [PMID: 32548910 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synthetic colourants are subject to various allergies. As a result, the use of plant-based additives has proved promising. OBJECTIVE It is in this perspective that our objective was undertaken to investigate natural colourants from edible cactus. Opuntia species populations were single-sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinted, the analysis of betalains and phenolic compounds and the evaluation of their biological potentials were also characterised. RESULTS Photometric quantification of betalains and phenols showed an interspecific variation across Opuntia species. Opuntia ficus indica fruits showed the highest betalain [betaxanthins; 843.67 and betacyanins; 1400 mg/100 g dry weight (DW)] and polyphenol contents. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that the variation of individual phenols profile was influenced by interspecific and genetic factors. Isorhamnetin-O-(di-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside) was the major compound and its content varied according to Opuntia species, while catechol was the predominant phenolic compound in O. humifusa with 1.88 μg/g DW. Concerning cactus species, Opuntia colourants exhibited a potent antiradical activity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) up to 1 μg/mL]. Opuntia species were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains [inhibition zone (IZ) up to 27 mm]. A high genetic diversity within Opuntia genotypes based on SSR markers was revealed. UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrogram and PCoA (principal coordinate analysis) based on natural pigments and antimicrobial profiles indicated significant variation. The correlation approach proved the presence of a probably metabolic relationship between genetic markers, pigments and their biological activities. CONCLUSION A possible association between molecular approach and metabolic profile analysis of Opuntia allows tracing the relationship among species for its genetic conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhal Salem
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Lamine
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Biotechnology Centre of Borj-Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Bilel Damergi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ezahra
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nedia Feres
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Selim Jallouli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Majdi Hammami
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Saber Khammassi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Sawsen Selmi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Centre of Biotechnology, Ecopark of Borj Cedria, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Salem Elkahoui
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Tabben
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances, Biotechnology Centre in Borj-Cedria Technopol, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Bakar B, Çakmak M, Ibrahim MS, Özer D, Saydam S, Karatas F. Investigation of Amounts of Vitamins, Lycopene, and Elements in the Fruits of Opuntia ficus-indica Subjected to Different Pretreatments. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:315-323. [PMID: 31965423 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02050-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was examined in fresh, frozen, sun-dried, and microwave-dried. Analysis of the vitamins in the samples was performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of selenium in the fruits was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometer, while copper, iron, manganese, and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Amount of vitamins in the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica were decreased (p < 0.005) in sun- and microwave-dried samples in comparison with fresh sample. Decrease of vitamins in frozen fruits was statistically insignificant compared with fresh fruit (p > 0.05). The amounts of selenium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc in Opuntia ficus-indica fruit were found to be 0.38 ± 0.03, 23.84 ± 1.82, 94.32 ± 7.04, 13.68 ± 0.88, and 188.44 ± 15.16 μg/g dw, respectively. It can be concluded that the fruit of Opuntia ficus-indica is rich in vitamin E, lycopene, ascorbic acid, nicotine amide, folic acid, iron, and zinc. The most suitable preservation techniques for Opuntia ficus-indica fruits are freezing to consume it in all season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Bakar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Meltem Çakmak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Salihu Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Technology, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Dursun Özer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sinan Saydam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Fikret Karatas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Fırat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ordaz G, Juárez A, Pérez RE, Martínez HE, Ortiz R. Effects of Opuntia ficus-indica in the diet of primiparous sows on the metabolic profile during late gestation and lactation and feed intake during lactation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1884-1895. [PMID: 32683754 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Opuntia ficus-indica L. (OFI) on the metabolic profile of primiparous sows during late gestation and lactation, and its impact on voluntary feed intake (VFI) during lactation. From day 85 of gestation to weaning, 32 sows were divided into four feeding schemes (n = 8 sows/scheme): Basal diet (BD) without OFI supplementation; Test scheme I, BD during gestation and BD + OFI during lactation; Test scheme II, BD + OFI during both gestation and lactation, and Test scheme III, BD + OFI during gestation and BD during lactation. Blood samples were obtained during gestation (day 85 and 100) and lactation (day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21) to determine plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, leptin, osteocalcin, ghrelin and agouti-related protein (AgRP). VFI was higher (20% higher than that of controls) in sows that received dietary OFI during lactation (p < .05). The concentration of plasma glucose was lower in sows that consumed OFI than sows fed the conventional diet (p < .05). Plasma insulin concentrations were higher in sows that consumed OFI, than in sows that did not (p < .05). Triglyceride concentrations during gestation, farrowing and lactation were also lower in sows that consumed OFI (p < .05). OFI intake caused lower plasma concentrations of leptin during lactation (p < .05). Osteocalcin was higher in sows that consumed OFI versus controls (p < .05): 8.6% and 13.4% during gestation and lactation respectively. From day 3 of lactation, sows that consumed OFI had higher concentrations of ghrelin (p < .05). The concentration of plasma AgRP was higher (p < .05) in sows that consumed OFI versus controls: 3.1% and 14.2% in gestation and lactation respectively. We concluded that OFI intake by primiparous sows during late gestation and lactation favourably modulated the factors that caused insulin resistance and increased sow performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ordaz
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Aureliano Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rosa E Pérez
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Héctor E Martínez
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ruy Ortiz
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Michoacán, México
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Souza Freitas BL, Sabogal-Paz LP. Pretreatment using Opuntia cochenillifera followed by household slow sand filters: technological alternatives for supplying isolated communities. Environ Technol 2020; 41:2783-2794. [PMID: 30747041 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1582700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Household slow sand filter (HSSF) performance in continuous and intermittent flows was evaluated when influent water was treated with a natural coagulant extracted from Opuntia cochenillifera. The water under study, used as influent, had a turbidity of 111 ± 17.3 NTU. When clarifying the water with O. cochenillifera, the best condition obtained was 30 mg L-1 in natural pH (without correction), generating clarified water with turbidity satisfactory to filters operation (7.83 ± 2.32 NTU). The results indicated a better performance of continuous flow HSSF in turbidity removal (79.2% ± 8.39%) and higher efficiency of intermittent flow HSSF in the removal of E. coli (2.86 log ± 0.79 log for 12 h pause period and 2.41 log ± 0.42 log for 4 h pause period). For the sake of comparison, the evaluated HSSFs had the same production (60 L day-1). The impact on the interruption of the 96-h feed into the HSSFs was analysed and the results indicated a significant change in the quality of the filtered water after resuming the operation. This fragility of technology must be considered when it is implemented as lack of water can be a reality in the target communities. Acute toxicological assays with C. xanthus larvae showed no toxicity for pretreated and filtered water; however, more testing should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Luíza Souza Freitas
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lyda Patricia Sabogal-Paz
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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De Vivo L, Matsushita AK, Kupor D, Luna J, Tierra BA, Sah RL, Lubarda VA, Meyers MA, McKittrick JM, Krysl P, Kuester F. Cholla cactus frames as lightweight and torsionally tough biological materials. Acta Biomater 2020; 112:213-224. [PMID: 32413578 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biological materials tested in compression, tension, and impact inspire designs for strong and tough materials, but torsion is a relatively neglected loading mode. The wood skeletons of cholla cacti, subject to spartan desert conditions and hurricane force winds, provide a new template for torsionally resilient biological materials. Novel mesostructural characterization methods of laser-scanning and photogrammetry are used alongside traditional optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and micro-computed tomography to identify mechanisms responsible for torsional resistance. These methods, in combination with finite element analysis reveal how cholla meso and macro-porosity and fibril orientation contribute to highly density-efficient mechanical behavior. Selective lignification and macroscopic tubercle pore geometry contribute to density-efficient shear stiffness, while mesoscopic wood fiber straightening, delamination, pore collapse, and fiber pullout provide extrinsic toughening mechanisms. These energy absorbing mechanisms are enabled by the hydrated material level properties. Together, these hierarchical behaviors allow the cholla to far exceed bamboo and trabecular bone in its ability to combine specific torsional stiffness, strength, and toughness. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The Cholla cactus experiences, due to the high velocity desert winds, high torsional loads. Our study has revealed the amazingly ingenious strategy by which the tubular structure containing arrays of voids intermeshed with wood fibers resists these high loads. Deformation is governed by compressive and tensile stresses which are greatest at 45 degrees to the cross section. It proceeds by stretching, sliding, and bending of the wood fibers which are coupled with the pore collapse, resulting in delayed failure and a high torsional toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca De Vivo
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Albert K Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Kupor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Josue Luna
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Beatrice A Tierra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rober L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vlado A Lubarda
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marc A Meyers
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joanna M McKittrick
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Petr Krysl
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Falko Kuester
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Choudhary M, Kumar R, Neogi S. Activated biochar derived from Opuntia ficus-indica for the efficient adsorption of malachite green dye, Cu +2 and Ni +2 from water. J Hazard Mater 2020; 392:122441. [PMID: 32193109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Applicability of biochar in water treatment is gaining interest due to its sustainability and low production cost. Herein, the biochar (BC) and activated biochar (ABC) synthesized from the cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) cactus were evaluated as a renewable adsorbent for adsorption of organic as well as inorganic pollutants including malachite green (MG) dye, Cu+2 and Ni+2 heavy metals. The modification of biochar with NaOH resulted higher surface basicity regarding more oxygen containing functional groups on the surface. The maximum uptake of 1341 mg g-1, 49 mg g-1 and 44 mg g-1 onto activated biochar for malachite green dye, Cu+2 and Ni+2 was acquired through the best fitted Langmuir isotherm model. Pseudo-second-order and Elovich models were found to provide a suitable fit indicating towards the chemisorption of all three components. Film diffusion and chemisorption are the main steps in adsorption of MG dye and heavy metals on activated biochar. The adsorption mechanisms were also hypothesized for adsorption of MG dye, Cu+2 and Ni+2. The remarkable adsorption capacities with higher reusability characteristics for adsorption of organic pollutants as well as inorganic heavy metals entrusts this activated biochar as a potential cost-effective adsorbent to mitigate water pollution issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
| | - Sudarsan Neogi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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Rojas M, Jimenez-Bremont F, Villicaña C, Carreón-Palau L, Arredondo-Vega BO, Gómez-Anduro G. Involvement of OpsLTP1 from Opuntia streptacantha in abiotic stress adaptation and lipid metabolism. Funct Plant Biol 2019; 46:816-829. [PMID: 31138396 DOI: 10.1071/fp18280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) exhibit the ability to transfer lipids between membranes in vitro, and have been implicated in diverse physiological processes associated to plant growth, reproduction, development, biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, their mode of action is not yet fully understood. To explore the functions of the OpsLTP1 gene encoding a LTP from cactus pear Opuntia streptacantha Lem., we generated transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. plants to overexpress OpsLTP1 and contrasted our results with the loss-of-function mutant ltp3 from A. thaliana under abiotic stress conditions. The ltp3 mutant seeds showed impaired germination under salt and osmotic treatments, in contrast to OpsLTP1 overexpressing lines that displayed significant increases in germination rate. Moreover, stress recovery assays showed that ltp3 mutant seedlings were more sensitive to salt and osmotic treatments than wild-type plants suggesting that AtLTP3 is required for stress-induced responses, while the OpsLTP1 overexpressing line showed no significant differences. In addition, OpsLTP1 overexpressing and ltp3 mutant seeds stored lower amount of total lipids compared with wild-type seeds, showing changes primarily on 16C and 18C fatty acids. However, ltp3 mutant also lead changes in lipid profile and no over concrete lipids which may suggest a compensatory activation of other LTPs. Interestingly, linoleic acid (18:2ω6) was consistently increased in neutral, galactoglycerolipids and phosphoglycerolipids of OpsLTP1 overexpressing line indicating a role of OpsLTP1 in the modulation of lipid composition in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Francisco Jimenez-Bremont
- Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica. Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4 sección CP. 78216, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., México
| | - Claudia Villicaña
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Apartado Postal 32-A. C. P. 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Laura Carreón-Palau
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Bertha Olivia Arredondo-Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México
| | - Gracia Gómez-Anduro
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Apdo, Postal 128, 23096 La Paz, B.C.S., México; and Corresponding author.
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Bassino E, Gasparri F, Munaron L. Natural dietary antioxidants containing flavonoids modulate keratinocytes physiology: In vitro tri-culture models. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 238:111844. [PMID: 30940568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Several traditional medicinal herbs are widely used for dermatologic and cosmetic preparations. The beneficial skin repair activity is detected in various phases of wound-healing process, such as cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions or collagen synthesis. AIM OF THE STUDY The study assessed the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Opuntia) and Milk Thistle (MT) (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth) on adult keratinocytes (HaCaT) functioning under basal condition or in the presence of mechanical damage (wounded cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS The role of the natural compounds was tested on HaCaT grown in mono-culture and tri-culture configurations. In tri-cultures models, HaCaT were treated with the conditioned media (CM) obtained by Human Normal Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF) and Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial cells (HMVEC) co-cultures. Specifically, were tested cell viability, oxidative stress mechanisms (cytokines release and lipid peroxidation) and cellular remodelling (growth factors release or metalloproteinase modulation). Moreover, the migratory potential of HaCaT was analysed by the use of wound healing in vitro assay. RESULTS Opuntia and MT differently modified the metabolism (EGF, MMP-9), and the migratory properties of HaCaT both under physiological conditions or upon mechanical damage (wounded cells). Moreover, both compounds modulated HaCaT response to oxidative stress. The response to the natural compounds were modified, and in some cases potentiated, in tri-culture configuration systems. CONCLUSIONS The data demonstrated that in vitro tri-culture approach is suitable to characterize the role of natural compounds on the complex communication between dermal-epidermal cellular components and microvascular endothelium. Specifically, Opuntia and MT are good alternatives to synthetic compounds in skin repair promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Bassino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy.
| | | | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Italy
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De Santiago E, Gill CIR, Carafa I, Tuohy KM, De Peña MP, Cid C. Digestion and Colonic Fermentation of Raw and Cooked Opuntia ficus-indica Cladodes Impacts Bioaccessibility and Bioactivity. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:2490-2499. [PMID: 30757900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The bioactivity of (poly)phenols from a food is an interplay between the cooking methods applied and the interaction of the food with the gastrointestinal tract. The (poly)phenolic profile and biological activity of raw and cooked cactus ( Opuntia ficus-indica Mill.) cladodes following in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation were evaluated. Twenty-seven (poly)phenols were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS, with piscidic acid being the most abundant. Throughout the colonic fermentation, flavonoids showed more degradation than phenolic acids, and eucomic acid remained the most relevant after 24 h. The catabolite 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid was generated after 24 h of fermentation. Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cell cycle analyses were performed in HT29 cells. Cactus colonic fermentates showed higher cell viability (≥80%) in comparison to the control fermentation with no cactus and significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced H2O2-induced DNA damage in HT29 cells. Results suggest that, although phenolic compounds were degraded during the colonic fermentation, the biological activity is retained in colon cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsy De Santiago
- Universidad de Navarra , Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Chris I R Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Centre for Molecular Biosciences , University of Ulster , Cromore Road , Coleraine , Northern Ireland BT52 1SA , United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Carafa
- Nutrition & Nutrigenomics Unit, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) , Via E. Mach 1 , 38010 , San Michele all'Adige, Trento , Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Nutrition & Nutrigenomics Unit, Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre , Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM) , Via E. Mach 1 , 38010 , San Michele all'Adige, Trento , Italy
| | - María-Paz De Peña
- Universidad de Navarra , Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain
| | - Concepción Cid
- Universidad de Navarra , Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación y Fisiología , C/Irunlarrea 1 , E-31008 Pamplona , Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research , Pamplona , Spain
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Lima TJ, Costa RG, de Medeiros GR, de Medeiros AN, Ribeiro NL, de Oliveira JS, Guerra RR, de Carvalho FFR. Ruminal and morphometric parameters of the rumen and intestines of sheep fed with increasing levels of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck). Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:363-368. [PMID: 30168022 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal parameters (pH, N-NH3, and microbial protein) and morphometry of the rumen and intestine of sheep fed with a diet containing four different levels of the spineless cactus variety, Baiana. The experiment was conducted at the National Semi-Arid Institute in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. A total of 40 male sheep submitted to the confinement regime were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 15, 30, and 45% dry matter basis) and ten replicates, with an initial body weight of 23.7 ± 3.08 kg. Experimental diets were composed of ground corn, soybean meal, urea, mineral supplement, limestone, Tifton 85 hay, and spineless cactus of the Baiana variety. The pH, ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein were evaluated in the ruminal fluid, alongside the morphometric characteristics of the rumen and intestine. While the addition of the spineless cactus did not affect N-NH3, it caused a linear reduction in the ruminal pH following 4 h of feeding, and also increased the microbial protein. In addition, it stimulated a reduction in the height of the papillae and the muscle layer of the rumen, and induced the mucosal height in the intestine to increase. The addition of up to 30% of spineless cactus in the diet of sheep without a defined breed did not alter the N-NH3, pH, and ruminal histology, but it did increase the production of microbial protein and intestinal mucosa.
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Soto EM, Padró J, Milla Carmona P, Tuero DT, Carreira VP, Soto IM. Pupal emergence pattern in cactophilic Drosophila and the effect of host plants. Insect Sci 2018; 25:1108-1118. [PMID: 28544122 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila buzzatii and D. koepferae are sibling cactophilic species. The former breeds primarily on prickly pears (genus Opuntia) whereas the latter breeds on columnar cacti of the genera Cereus and Trichocereus, although with certain degree of niche overlapping. We examined the interspecific differences in diurnal temporal patterns of adult emergence from puparia and evaluated whether this behavior is affected by rearing in the different cactus hosts available in nature. We detected important host-dependent genetic variation for this trait differentially affecting the emergence schedule of these species. Diurnal pattern of emergence time was directly correlated with developmental time and negatively correlated with adult wing size, suggesting that early emergences are at least indirectly correlated with increased fitness. We discussed our results in terms of their putative effects on fitness and the genetic-metabolic pathways that would be presumably affected by host's nutritional-chemical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Soto
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Padró
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Milla Carmona
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego T Tuero
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria P Carreira
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio M Soto
- Departamento de Ecología Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ordaz-Ochoa G, Juarez-Caratachea A, Pérez-Sánchez RE, Martínez-Flores HE, Esquivel-Cordova J, Ortiz-Rodríguez R. Effect of lactating sows' diet supplemented with cactus ( Opuntia ficus-indica) on feed intake and reproductive and productive post-weaning performances. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1671-1682. [PMID: 29744726 PMCID: PMC6156756 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) added to the diet of lactating (21 days of lactation) sows on voluntary feed intake, and its impact on the productive and reproductive post-weaning performance was evaluated. Data collected of 72 farrowings from 37 hybrid sows were analyzed during 12-month period. The sows were divided into two groups: (i) control group (CG; n = 18 sows), sows fed only with commercial feed, and (ii) experimental group (EG; n = 19 sows), sows fed with commercial feed plus cactus supplement. The variables evaluated were blood glucose (BG), daily feed intake (DFI) and total feed intake (TFI), loss of body weight (LBW), weaning-estrus interval (WEI), and subsequent litter size (SLS). Data analysis was carried out using fixed effects models. A nested effect was found for farrowing number (FN) into of group and an interaction group × season on the analyzed variables (P < 0.001). EG observed lower levels of BG with 47.0 ± 7.9 mg dL-1 pre-prandial and 56.1 ± 5.9 mg dL-1 post-prandial at the 10th day of lactation (P < 0.05). DFI and TFI were higher in the sows of the EG independently of the FN and season (P < 0.05). No differeces were observed on the nested effect of FN into group on the levels of BG (P < 0.05). Autumn showed the higher TFI: 121.4 kg-1 sow-1 (P < 0.05). Sows from CG 3rd farrowing and from EG 4th farrowing observed higher LBW (13.8 and 6.9%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Summer showed a higher LBW with 12.7% for CG and 8.2% for EG (P < 0.05). EG showed a lower WEI (5.5 days) and greater SLS up to 1.8 piglets more depending upon the season (P < 0.05). The lactating sow's diet supplemented with cactus can counterbalance the negative effects of lactational hypophagia due to reduction on levels of BG during lactation and an increase on DFI and, therefore, improves performance of LBW, WEI, and SLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ordaz-Ochoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Aureliano Juarez-Caratachea
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Tarímbaro, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Rosa Elena Pérez-Sánchez
- Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Paseo Gral. Lázaro Cárdenas y Berlín S/N Col Viveros, 60170, Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Eduardo Martínez-Flores
- Facultad de Químico Farmacobiologia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tzintzuntzan 173, Matamoros, 58240, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Juvenal Esquivel-Cordova
- Facultad de Agrobiología "Presidente Juárez", Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Paseo Gral. Lázaro Cárdenas y Berlín S/N Col Viveros, 60170, Uruapan, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Ruy Ortiz-Rodríguez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Av. Acueducto S/N esquina Tzintzuntzan, Col Matamoros, 58130, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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50
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Riojas-López ME, Mellink E, Luévano J. A semiarid fruit agroecosystem as a conservation-friendly option for small mammals in an anthropized landscape in Mexico. Ecol Appl 2018; 28:495-507. [PMID: 29412491 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have addressed the potential of low-input agroecosystems for biological conservation. However, most have been carried out on annual agroecosystems in temperate, developed countries. As agricultural surface will increase and natural protected areas alone will not warrant the conservation of biodiversity, it is crucial to include different types of agroecosystems in research and conservation efforts. In Mexico, perennial, low-input, fruit-oriented nopal orchards (Opuntia spp.), one of the few crops suitable for semiarid areas, are the 10th out of 61 most important fruit crops grown in the country. We assessed their value for conservation in an anthropized landscape by comparing their rodent assemblages with those in adjacent habitats and determined the influence of the latter on the rodent communities inside them. We live-trapped rodents in 12 orchards and adjacent natural xeric shrubland, grassland, and cropland. We captured 19 different species, of which 17 used the orchards. Four are Mexican endemics. Orchards have higher α diversity, species richness, and abundance than cropland and grassland and are not different from shrubland. The dominant rodent species are the same in orchards and shrubland, and where these two meet they integrate into one habitat. Within-habitat quality is a critical driver of the composition and diversity of rodent communities in the orchards studied, and the neighboring habitats do not modify them substantially. Increasing within-patch heterogeneity beyond a certain level is at the expense of habitat integrity and produces small-scale fragmentation reducing habitat quality. At a landscape scale, orchards contribute importantly to regional rodent diversity compared with other land use types, and appear to increase habitat connectivity between patches of shrubland. Orchards' higher α diversity would give them higher ecological resilience and make them better suited than grassland and cropland to contribute to the conservation of local biota. Nopal orchards should be considered conservation allies and incorporated in regional conservation plans. Regrettably, their future is unwarranted as producers face low revenues and lack of governmental support. Our confirmation that orchards have an important, positive impact on biodiversity can be used as a strong argument to lobby for incentives to safeguard this environmental friendly, low-input agroecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica E Riojas-López
- Departamento de Ecología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Calle Ramón Padilla Sánchez # 2100, 45200, Zapopan, Jalisco,, México
| | - Eric Mellink
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana # 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Jaime Luévano
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana # 3918, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, México
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