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Bahadur A, Mundhra R, Gill P, Singh A. Aggressive precursor B cell ALL of cervix with obstructive uropathy. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e258313. [PMID: 38569729 PMCID: PMC10989100 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-258313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the cervix with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is extremely rare. In this case report, we discuss an unmarried woman in her early 20s, who presented in the emergency with lower abdominal pain and irregular vaginal bleeding for 1 month. Clinical examination and imaging revealed a large cervical mass probably neoplastic with obstructive uropathy. On evaluation, she was diagnosed incidentally with CALLA-positive precursor B cell ALL in peripheral blood flow cytometry. Involvement of B cell ALL in cervical mass was confirmed by histopathological examination of cervical biopsy and immunohistochemistry markers. Her history was not suggestive of signs and symptoms pertaining to leukaemia. Literature is sparse with only a few cases reporting cervical leukaemic infiltration. The present case report is a rarest case where the primary/initial presentation of precursor B cell ALL was seen with cervical involvement and obstructive uropathy mimicking characteristics of advanced cervical malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Bahadur
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Mundhra
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Poonam Gill
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashok Singh
- Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Lane LC, Cheetham TD, Razvi S, Allinson K, Pearce SHS. Expansion of the immature B lymphocyte compartment in Graves' disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 189:208-216. [PMID: 37536284 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The specific mechanisms driving autoimmunity in Graves' disease (GD) remain largely unknown. Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles (KRECs) are circular DNA molecules generated during B cell maturation in the bone marrow which provide a measure of B cell production and proliferation. We aimed to investigate the association between KRECs and B cell subpopulations, with thyroid status and clinical outcome in GD patients. METHODS Kappa-deleting recombination excision circles were measured by quantitative real-time PCR using a triple-insert plasmid control in 132 GD patients and 140 healthy controls. In addition, KRECs in GD patients on withdrawal of antithyroid drug (ATD) and 6-10 weeks later were analysed according to a clinical outcome at 1 year. Flow cytometry was performed on isolated CD19+ B cells to quantitate 7 B lymphocyte subpopulations in 65 GD patients. RESULTS Circulating KRECs were higher in GD vs. controls (P = 1.5 × 10-9) and demonstrated a positive correlation to thyroid hormones and autoantibodies (free thyroxine: P = 2.14 × 10-5, rho = .30; free triiodothyronine: P = 1.99 × 10-7, rho = .37; thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies: P = 1.36 × 10-5, rho = .23). Higher KRECs in GD patients 6-10 weeks after ATD withdrawal were associated with relapse of hyperthyroidism at 1 year (P = .04). The KRECs were positively correlated to the total CD19+ B cell count (P = 3.2 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS This study reports a robust association between KRECs and GD, highlighting the importance of B cells in the pathogenesis of GD and the influence of thyroid status on B cell activity. The findings indicate a potential role for KRECs as a marker of disease activity and outcome in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Claire Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy David Cheetham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Salman Razvi
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Gateshead, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Allinson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Henry Schofield Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 4LP, United Kingdom
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Cherukuri A, Abou-Daya KI, Chowdhury R, Mehta RB, Hariharan S, Randhawa P, Rothstein DM. Transitional B cell cytokines risk stratify early borderline rejection after renal transplantation. Kidney Int 2023; 103:749-761. [PMID: 36436679 PMCID: PMC10038876 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Borderline rejection (BL) in renal transplantation is associated with decreased allograft survival, yet many patients with BL maintain stable graft function. Identifying patients with early BL at risk for shortened allograft survival would allow for timely targeted therapeutic intervention aimed at improving outcomes. 851/1187 patients transplanted between 2013-18 underwent early biopsy (0-4 mos). 217/851 (25%) had BL and were compared to 387/851 without significant inflammation (NI). Serial surveillance and for-cause biopsies and seven-year follow-up were used to evaluate histological and clinical progression. To identify high-risk patients, we examined clinical/histological parameters using regression and non-linear dimensionality reduction (tSNE) and a biomarker based on peripheral blood transitional-1 B cell (T1B) IL-10/TNFα ratio. Compared to NI, early BL was associated with increased progression to late acute rejection (AR; 5-12 mos), premature interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) and decreased seven-year graft survival. However, decreased graft survival was limited to BL patients who progressed to late AR or IFTA, and was not influenced by treatment. Although tSNE clustered patients into groups based on clinical factors, the ability of these factors to risk stratify BL patients was modest. In contrast, a low T1B IL-10/TNFα ratio at 3 months identified BL patients at high risk for progression to AR (ROC AUC 0.87) and poor 7-yr graft survival (52% vs. 92%, p=0.003), while BL patients with a high ratio had similar graft survival to patients with NI (91%, p=NS). Thus, progressive early allograft inflammation manifested as BL that progresses to late AR in the first post-transplant year represents a high-risk clinical state for poor allograft outcomes. Such high-risk status can be predicted by the T1B IL-10/TNFα ratio before irreversible scarring sets in, thus allowing timely risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravind Cherukuri
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Khodor I Abou-Daya
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Raad Chowdhury
- Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajil B Mehta
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sundaram Hariharan
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Parmjeet Randhawa
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Division of Transplantation Pathology, Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David M Rothstein
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Renal and Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Tachibana H, Morioka T, Daino K, Shang Y, Ogawa M, Fujita M, Matsuura A, Nogawa H, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. Early induction and increased risk of precursor B-cell neoplasms after exposure of infant or young-adult mice to ionizing radiation. J Radiat Res 2020; 61:648-656. [PMID: 32808021 PMCID: PMC7482158 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of atomic-bomb survivors have revealed an increased risk of lymphoid neoplasm (i.e. acute lymphoblastic leukemia) associated with radiation exposure. In particular, children are more susceptible to radiation-induced precursor lymphoid neoplasm than adults. Although ~75% of human lymphoid tumors are B-cell neoplasms, the carcinogenic risk associated with each stage of differentiation of B-cells after radiation exposure is poorly understood. Therefore, we irradiated mice at infancy or in young adulthood to investigate the effect of age at exposure on the risk of developing B-cell neoplasms. Histopathology was used to confirm the presence of lymphoid neoplasms, and the population of B-cell neoplasms was classified into the precursor B-cell (pro-B and pre-B cell) type and mature B-cell type, according to immunophenotype. The data revealed that precursor B-cell neoplasms were induced soon after radiation exposure in infancy or young adulthood, resulting in a greater risk of developing the neoplasms. This was particularly the case for the pro-B cell type after young adult exposure. Our findings suggest that exposure to radiation at young age increases the risk of developing precursor B-cell neoplasms in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Tachibana
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Morioka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Daino
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yi Shang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mari Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Misuzu Fujita
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nogawa
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | | | - Shizuko Kakinuma
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-43-206-3200; Fax: +81-43-206-4138;
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Rangachari D, To C, Shpilsky JE, VanderLaan PA, Kobayashi SS, Mushajiang M, Lau CJ, Paweletz CP, Oxnard GR, Jänne PA, Costa DB. EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancers Resistant to Osimertinib through EGFR C797S Respond to First-Generation Reversible EGFR Inhibitors but Eventually Acquire EGFR T790M/C797S in Preclinical Models and Clinical Samples. J Thorac Oncol 2019; 14:1995-2002. [PMID: 31377341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osimertinib is approved for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, and identification of on-target mechanisms of resistance (i.e., EGFR C797S) to this third-generation EGFR inhibitor are evolving. Whether durable control of subsequently osimertinib-resistant NSCLC with the EGFR-sensitizing mutation (SM)/C797S is possible with first-generation EGFR inhibitors (such as gefitinib or erlotinib) remains underreported, as does the resultant acquired resistance profile. METHODS We used N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis to determine the profile of EGFR SM/C797S preclinical models exposed to reversible EGFR inhibitors. In addition, we retrospectively probed a case of EGFR SM lung adenocarcinoma treated with first-line osimertinib, followed by second-line erlotinib in the setting of EGFR SM/C797S. RESULTS Use of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis against the background of EGFR L858R/C797S in conjunction with administration of gefitinib revealed preferential outgrowth of cells with EGFR L858R/T790M/C797S. A patient with EGFR delE746_T751insV NSCLC was treated with osimertinib with sustained response for 10 months before acquiring EGFR C797S. The patient was subsequently treated with erlotinib, with response for a period of 4 months, but disease progression ensued. Liquid biopsy disclosed EGFR delE746_T751insV with T790M and C797S present in cis. CONCLUSION EGFR SM NSCLC can acquire resistance to osimertinib through development of the EGFR C797S mutation. In this clinical scenario, the tumor may respond transiently to reversible first-generation EGFR inhibitors (gefitinib or erlotinib), but evolving mechanisms of on-target resistance-in clinical specimens and preclinical systems-indicate that EGFR C797S along with EGFR T790M can evolve. This report adds to the growing understanding of tumor evolution or adaptability to sequential EGFR inhibition and augments support for exploring combination therapies to delay or prevent on-target resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Rangachari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ciric To
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jason E Shpilsky
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Paul A VanderLaan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susumu S Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mierzhati Mushajiang
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christie J Lau
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cloud P Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geoffrey R Oxnard
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pasi A Jänne
- Lowe Center for Thoracic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel B Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Dwivedi P, Muench DE, Wagner M, Azam M, Grimes HL, Greis KD. Time resolved quantitative phospho-tyrosine analysis reveals Bruton's Tyrosine kinase mediated signaling downstream of the mutated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptors. Leukemia 2019; 33:75-87. [PMID: 29977015 PMCID: PMC6320735 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) controls myeloid progenitor proliferation and differentiation to neutrophils. Mutations in CSF3R (encoding G-CSFR) have been reported in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML); however, despite years of research, the malignant downstream signaling of the mutated G-CSFRs is not well understood. Here, we used a quantitative phospho-tyrosine analysis to generate a comprehensive signaling map of G-CSF induced tyrosine phosphorylation in the normal versus mutated (proximal: T618I and truncated: Q741x) G-CSFRs. Unbiased clustering and kinase enrichment analysis identified rapid induction of phospho-proteins associated with endocytosis by the wild type G-CSFR only; while G-CSFR mutants showed abnormal kinetics of canonical Stat3, Stat5, and Mapk phosphorylation, and aberrant activation of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (Btk). Mutant-G-CSFR-expressing cells displayed enhanced sensitivity (3-5-fold lower IC50) for ibrutinib-based chemical inhibition of Btk. Primary murine progenitor cells from G-CSFR-Q741x knock-in mice validated activation of Btk by the mutant receptor and retrovirally transduced human CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells expressing mutant receptors displayed enhanced sensitivity to Ibrutinib. A significantly lower clonogenic potential was displayed by both murine and human primary cells expressing mutated receptors upon ibrutinib treatment. Finally, a dramatic synergy was observed between ibrutinib and ruxolinitib at lower dose of the individual drug. Altogether, these data demonstrate the strength of unsupervised proteomics analyses in dissecting oncogenic pathways, and suggest repositioning Ibrutinib for therapy of myeloid leukemia bearing CSF3R mutations. Phospho-tyrosine data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009662.
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MESH Headings
- Adenine/analogs & derivatives
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/genetics
- Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
- Leukemia, Neutrophilic, Chronic
- Mice
- Mutation
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Piperidines
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Proteome/analysis
- Pyrazoles/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Debaize L, Jakobczyk H, Avner S, Gaudichon J, Rio AG, Sérandour AA, Dorsheimer L, Chalmel F, Carroll JS, Zörnig M, Rieger MA, Delalande O, Salbert G, Galibert MD, Gandemer V, Troadec MB. Interplay between transcription regulators RUNX1 and FUBP1 activates an enhancer of the oncogene c-KIT and amplifies cell proliferation. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:11214-11228. [PMID: 30500954 PMCID: PMC6265458 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) is a well-known master regulator of hematopoietic lineages but its mechanisms of action are still not fully understood. Here, we found that RUNX1 localizes on active chromatin together with Far Upstream Binding Protein 1 (FUBP1) in human B-cell precursor lymphoblasts, and that both factors interact in the same transcriptional regulatory complex. RUNX1 and FUBP1 chromatin localization identified c-KIT as a common target gene. We characterized two regulatory regions, at +700 bp and +30 kb within the first intron of c-KIT, bound by both RUNX1 and FUBP1, and that present active histone marks. Based on these regions, we proposed a novel FUBP1 FUSE-like DNA-binding sequence on the +30 kb enhancer. We demonstrated that FUBP1 and RUNX1 cooperate for the regulation of the expression of the oncogene c-KIT. Notably, upregulation of c-KIT expression by FUBP1 and RUNX1 promotes cell proliferation and renders cells more resistant to the c-KIT inhibitor imatinib mesylate, a common therapeutic drug. These results reveal a new mechanism of action of RUNX1 that implicates FUBP1, as a facilitator, to trigger transcriptional regulation of c-KIT and to regulate cell proliferation. Deregulation of this regulatory mechanism may explain some oncogenic function of RUNX1 and FUBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Debaize
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Hélène Jakobczyk
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Avner
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jérémie Gaudichon
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Rio
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien A Sérandour
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d’Angers, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
- Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lena Dorsheimer
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frédéric Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) – UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, D-60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael A Rieger
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Olivier Delalande
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gilles Salbert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Dominique Galibert
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Génétique Somatique des Cancers, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 35033 Rennes, France
| | - Virginie Gandemer
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Department of pediatric oncohematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 35203 Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) – UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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8
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Uchibori K, Inase N, Nishio M, Fujita N, Katayama R. Identification of Mutation Accumulation as Resistance Mechanism Emerging in First-Line Osimertinib Treatment. J Thorac Oncol 2018; 13:915-925. [PMID: 29702287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The survival of patients with EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer has dramatically improved since the introduction of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Recently, osimertinib showed significantly prolonged progression-free survival than first-generation EGFR-TKI in first-line treatment, suggesting that a paradigm change that would move osimetinib to first-line treatment is indicated. We performed N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screening to uncover the resistant mechanism in first- and second-line osimertinib treatment. METHODS Ba/F3 cells harboring EGFR activating-mutation with or without secondary resistant mutation were exposed to ENU for 24 hours to introduce random mutations and selected with gefitinib, afatinib, or osimertinib. Mutations of emerging resistant cells were assessed. RESULTS The resistance of T790M and C797S to gefitinib and osimertinib, respectively, was prevalent in the mutagenesis screening with the Ba/F3 cells harboring activating-mutation alone. From C797S/activating-mutation expressing Ba/F3, the additional T790M was a major resistant mechanism in gefitinib and afatinib selection and the additional T854A and L792H were minor resistance mechanisms only in afatinib selection. However, the additional T854A or L792H mediated resistance to all classes of EGFR-TKI. Surprisingly, no resistant clone due to secondary mutation emerged from activating-mutation alone in the gefitinib + osimertinib selection. CONCLUSIONS We showed the resistance mechanism to EGFR-TKI focusing on first- and second-line osimertinib using ENU mutagenesis screening. Additional T854A and L792H on C797S/activating-mutation were found as afatinib resistance and not as gefitinib resistance. Thus, compared to afatinib, the first-generation EGFR-TKI might be preferable as second-line treatment to C797S/activating-mutation emerging after first-line osimertinib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uchibori
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan; The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiko Inase
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Moafi A, Zojaji A, Salehi R, Najafi Dorcheh S, Rahgozar S. The correlation between Pax5 deletion and patients survival in Iranian children with precursor B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2017; 63:19-22. [PMID: 28886309 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in treatment, children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) still experience drug resistance and relapse. Several gene mutations are involved in the onset of this disease and resistance to therapy. The present study examines the incidence of IKZF1, CDKN2A/B, PAX5, EBF1, ETV6, BTG1, RB1, JAK2, and Xp22.33 gene deletions/duplications associated with pediatric ALL in Iran and investigates the possible effect of these mutations on drug resistance. Three-year disease-free survival (3DFS) was evaluated for children diagnosed with Philadelphia negative precursor-B-cell ALL hospitalized at Sayed-al-Shohada Hospital, Isfahan-Iran, from January 2009 until December 2012. DNA was extracted from bone marrow slides, and ALL correlated gene deletions and duplications were measured using Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) method. The correlation between gene mutations and 3DFS was then assessed. Among the nine aforementioned investigated genes, 63% of samples showed at least one gene mutation. At least two concomitant genomic mutations were observed in 42% of samples. Pax5 deletion was the most prevalent gene mutation observed in 45% of cases, and showed significant negative impact on response to treatment. CDKN2A/B (9p21.3) gene deletion, and ETV6 (12p13.2) gene duplication also demonstrated negative effect on patient survival and contributed to a worse prognosis if concomitant with Pax5 gene deletion. ALL patients with one of the gene deletions including Pax5 and CDKN2A/B (9p21.3) or ETV6 (12p13.2) gene duplication are classified as high-risk patients and need more intensified protocols of treatment to improve their chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moafi
- Department of pediatric, school of medicine, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - A Zojaji
- Department of genetics, Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - R Salehi
- Department of Genetics, school of medicine, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Najafi Dorcheh
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - S Rahgozar
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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10
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Lajoie M, Drouin S, Caron M, St-Onge P, Ouimet M, Gioia R, Lafond MH, Vidal R, Richer C, Oualkacha K, Droit A, Sinnett D. Specific expression of novel long non-coding RNAs in high-hyperdiploid childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174124. [PMID: 28346506 PMCID: PMC5367703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-B cell childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B cALL) is a heterogeneous disease involving many subtypes typically stratified using a combination of cytogenetic and molecular-based assays. These methods, although widely used, rely on the presence of known chromosomal translocations, which is a limiting factor. There is therefore a need for robust, sensitive, and specific molecular biomarkers unaffected by such limitations that would allow better risk stratification and consequently better clinical outcome. In this study we performed a transcriptome analysis of 56 pre-B cALL patients to identify expression signatures in different subtypes. In both protein-coding and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), we identified subtype-specific gene signatures distinguishing pre-B cALL subtypes, particularly in t(12;21) and hyperdiploid cases. The genes up-regulated in pre-B cALL subtypes were enriched in bivalent chromatin marks in their promoters. LncRNAs is a new and under-studied class of transcripts. The subtype-specific nature of lncRNAs suggests they may be suitable clinical biomarkers to guide risk stratification and targeted therapies in pre-B cALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Lajoie
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maxime Caron
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pascal St-Onge
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Ouimet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Romain Gioia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Hélène Lafond
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), 201 President-Kennedy Av., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramon Vidal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Richer
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Karim Oualkacha
- Mathematics and Statistics Department, University of Quebec at Montreal (UQAM), 201 President-Kennedy Av., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Laval University, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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11
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Boulianne B, Robinson ME, May PC, Castellano L, Blighe K, Thomas J, Reid A, Müschen M, Apperley JF, Stebbing J, Feldhahn N. Lineage-Specific Genes Are Prominent DNA Damage Hotspots during Leukemic Transformation of B Cell Precursors. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1687-1698. [PMID: 28199841 PMCID: PMC5318656 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In human leukemia, lineage-specific genes represent predominant targets of deletion, with lymphoid-specific genes frequently affected in lymphoid leukemia and myeloid-specific genes in myeloid leukemia. To investigate the basis of lineage-specific alterations, we analyzed global DNA damage in primary B cell precursors expressing leukemia-inducing oncogenes by ChIP-seq. We identified more than 1,000 sensitive regions, of which B lineage-specific genes constitute the most prominent targets. Identified hotspots at B lineage genes relate to DNA-DSBs, affect genes that harbor genomic lesions in human leukemia, and associate with ectopic deletion in successfully transformed cells. Furthermore, we show that most identified regions overlap with gene bodies of highly expressed genes and that induction of a myeloid lineage phenotype in transformed B cell precursors promotes de novo DNA damage at myeloid loci. Hence, we demonstrate that lineage-specific transcription predisposes lineage-specific genes in transformed B cell precursors to DNA damage, which is likely to promote the frequent alteration of lineage-specific genes in human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant Boulianne
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Mark E Robinson
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Philippa C May
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Molecular Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Leandro Castellano
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Kevin Blighe
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Jennifer Thomas
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Alistair Reid
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK; Molecular Pathology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pasadena, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK
| | - Niklas Feldhahn
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W12 0NN London, UK.
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12
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Dulau Florea AE, Braylan RC, Schafernak KT, Williams KW, Daub J, Goyal RK, Puck JM, Rao VK, Pittaluga S, Holland SM, Uzel G, Calvo KR. Abnormal B-cell maturation in the bone marrow of patients with germline mutations in PIK3CD. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:1032-1035.e6. [PMID: 27697496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alina E Dulau Florea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Raul C Braylan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Kristian T Schafernak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Kelli W Williams
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Janine Daub
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Rakesh K Goyal
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jennifer M Puck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - V Koneti Rao
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
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13
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Samitas K, Malmhäll C, Rådinger M, Ramos-Ramirez P, Lu Y, Deák T, Semitekolou M, Gaga M, Sjöstrand M, Lötvall J, Bossios A. Precursor B Cells Increase in the Lung during Airway Allergic Inflammation: A Role for B Cell-Activating Factor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161161. [PMID: 27513955 PMCID: PMC4981371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background B cells, key cells in allergic inflammation, differentiate in the bone marrow and their precursors include pro-B, pre-B and immature B cells. Eosinophil progenitor cells increase in the lung after allergen exposure. However, the existence and possible role of B cell precursors in the lung during allergic inflammation remains elusive. Methods A BALB/c mouse model of allergic airway inflammation was utilized to perform phenotypic and quantification analyses of pro-B and pre-B cells in the lung by flow cytometry. B cell maturation factors IL-7 and B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and their receptors (CD127 and BAFFR, BCMA, TACI, respectively) were also evaluated in the lung and serum. The effect of anti-BAFF treatment was investigated both in vivo (i.p. administration of BAFF-R-Ig fusion protein) and in vitro (colony forming cell assay). Finally, BAFF levels were examined in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of asthmatic patients and healthy controls. Results Precursor pro and pre-B cells increase in the lung after allergen exposure, proliferate in the lung tissue in vivo, express markers of chemotaxis (CCR10 and CXCR4) and co-stimulation (CD40, CD86) and are resistant to apoptosis (Bax). Precursor B cells express receptors for BAFF at baseline, while after allergen challenge both their ligand BAFF and the BCMA receptor expression increases in B cell precursors. Blocking BAFFR in the lung in vivo decreases eosinophils and proliferating precursor B cells. Blocking BAFFR in bone marrow cultures in vitro reduces pre-B colony formation units. BAFF is increased in the BAL of severe asthmatics. Conclusion Our data support the concept of a BAFF-mediated role for B cell precursors in allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Samitas
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece
| | - Carina Malmhäll
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Rådinger
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patricia Ramos-Ramirez
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - You Lu
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tünde Deák
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Division of Cell Biology, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mina Gaga
- 7th Respiratory Medicine Dept. and Asthma Center, Athens Chest Hospital “Sotiria”, Athens, Greece
| | - Margareta Sjöstrand
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Apostolos Bossios
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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14
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Cheng Y, Chikwava K, Wu C, Zhang H, Bhagat A, Pei D, Choi JK, Tong W. LNK/SH2B3 regulates IL-7 receptor signaling in normal and malignant B-progenitors. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1267-81. [PMID: 26974155 DOI: 10.1172/jci81468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL) is a high-risk ALL commonly associated with alterations that affect the tyrosine kinase pathway, tumor suppressors, and lymphoid transcription factors. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene-encoding adaptor protein LNK (also known as SH2B3) are found in Ph-like ALLs; however, it is not clear how LNK regulates normal B cell development or promotes leukemogenesis. Here, we have shown that combined loss of Lnk and tumor suppressors Tp53 or Ink4a/Arf in mice triggers a highly aggressive and transplantable precursor B-ALL. Tp53-/-Lnk-/- B-ALLs displayed similar gene expression profiles to human Ph-like B-ALLs, supporting use of this model for preclinical and molecular studies. Preleukemic Tp53-/-Lnk-/- pro-B progenitors were hypersensitive to IL-7, exhibited marked self-renewal in vitro and in vivo, and were able to initiate B-ALL in transplant recipients. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that LNK regulates pro-B progenitor homeostasis by attenuating IL-7-stimuated JAK/STAT5 signaling via a direct interaction with phosphorylated JAK3. Moreover, JAK inhibitors were effective in prolonging survival of mice transplanted with Lnk-/-Tp53-/- leukemia. Additionally, synergistic administration of PI3K/mTOR and JAK inhibitors further abrogated leukemia development. Hence, our results suggest that LNK suppresses IL-7R/JAK/STAT signaling to restrict pro-/pre-B progenitor expansion and leukemia development, providing a pathogenic mechanism and a potential therapeutic approach for B-ALLs with LNK mutations.
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15
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Duque-Afonso J, Smith KS, Cleary ML. Conditional Expression of E2A-HLF Induces B-Cell Precursor Death and Myeloproliferative-Like Disease in Knock-In Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143216. [PMID: 26588248 PMCID: PMC4654581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are driver mutations of human cancers, particularly leukemias. They define disease subtypes and are used as prognostic markers, for minimal residual disease monitoring and therapeutic targets. Due to their low incidence, several translocations and their biological consequences remain poorly characterized. To address this, we engineered mouse strains that conditionally express E2A-HLF, a fusion oncogene from the translocation t(17;19) associated with 1% of pediatric B-cell precursor ALL. Conditional oncogene activation and expression were directed to the B-cell compartment by the Cre driver promoters CD19 or Mb1 (Igα, CD79a), or to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment by the Mx1 promoter. E2A-HLF expression in B-cell progenitors induced hyposplenia and lymphopenia, whereas expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was embryonic lethal. Increased cell death was detected in E2A-HLF expressing cells, suggesting the need for cooperating genetic events that suppress cell death for B-cell oncogenic transformation. E2A-HLF/Mb1.Cre aged mice developed a fatal myeloproliferative-like disorder with low frequency characterized by leukocytosis, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and organ-infiltration by mature myelocytes. In conclusion, we have developed conditional E2A-HLF knock-in mice, which provide an experimental platform to study cooperating genetic events and further elucidate translational biology in cross-species comparative studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Genetic Engineering
- Hepatomegaly/genetics
- Hepatomegaly/metabolism
- Hepatomegaly/pathology
- Humans
- Integrases/genetics
- Integrases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/genetics
- Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Splenomegaly/genetics
- Splenomegaly/metabolism
- Splenomegaly/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Henry CJ, Casás-Selves M, Kim J, Zaberezhnyy V, Aghili L, Daniel AE, Jimenez L, Azam T, McNamee EN, Clambey ET, Klawitter J, Serkova NJ, Tan AC, Dinarello CA, DeGregori J. Aging-associated inflammation promotes selection for adaptive oncogenic events in B cell progenitors. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:4666-80. [PMID: 26551682 DOI: 10.1172/jci83024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is higher in the elderly; however, many of the underlying mechanisms for this association remain unexplored. Here, we have shown that B cell progenitors in old mice exhibit marked signaling, gene expression, and metabolic defects. Moreover, B cell progenitors that developed from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) transferred from young mice into aged animals exhibited similar fitness defects. We further demonstrated that ectopic expression of the oncogenes BCR-ABL, NRAS(V12), or Myc restored B cell progenitor fitness, leading to selection for oncogenically initiated cells and leukemogenesis specifically in the context of an aged hematopoietic system. Aging was associated with increased inflammation in the BM microenvironment, and induction of inflammation in young mice phenocopied aging-associated B lymphopoiesis. Conversely, a reduction of inflammation in aged mice via transgenic expression of α-1-antitrypsin or IL-37 preserved the function of B cell progenitors and prevented NRAS(V12)-mediated oncogenesis. We conclude that chronic inflammatory microenvironments in old age lead to reductions in the fitness of B cell progenitor populations. This reduced progenitor pool fitness engenders selection for cells harboring oncogenic mutations, in part due to their ability to correct aging-associated functional defects. Thus, modulation of inflammation--a common feature of aging--has the potential to limit aging-associated oncogenesis.
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17
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Abstract
Inhibitors of B-cell receptor (BCR) and pre-BCR signaling were successfully introduced into patient care for various subtypes of mature B-cell lymphoma (e.g., ibrutinib, idelalisib). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) typically originates from pre-B cells that critically depend on survival signals emanating from a functional pre-BCR. However, whether patients with ALL benefit from treatment with (pre-) BCR inhibitors has not been explored. Recent data suggest that the pre-BCR functions as tumor suppressor in the majority of cases of human ALL. However, a distinct subset of human ALL is selectively sensitive to pre-BCR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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18
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Chen Z, Shojaee S, Buchner M, Geng H, Lee JW, Klemm L, Titz B, Graeber TG, Park E, Tan YX, Satterthwaite A, Paietta E, Hunger SP, Willman CL, Melnick A, Loh ML, Jung JU, Coligan JE, Bolland S, Mak TW, Limnander A, Jumaa H, Reth M, Weiss A, Lowell CA, Müschen M. Signalling thresholds and negative B-cell selection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature 2015; 521:357-61. [PMID: 25799995 PMCID: PMC4441554 DOI: 10.1038/nature14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
B cells are selected for an intermediate level of B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signalling strength: attenuation below minimum (for example, non-functional BCR) or hyperactivation above maximum (for example, self-reactive BCR) thresholds of signalling strength causes negative selection. In ∼25% of cases, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) cells carry the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase (Philadelphia chromosome positive), which mimics constitutively active pre-BCR signalling. Current therapeutic approaches are largely focused on the development of more potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors to suppress oncogenic signalling below a minimum threshold for survival. We tested the hypothesis that targeted hyperactivation--above a maximum threshold--will engage a deletional checkpoint for removal of self-reactive B cells and selectively kill ALL cells. Here we find, by testing various components of proximal pre-BCR signalling in mouse BCR-ABL1 cells, that an incremental increase of Syk tyrosine kinase activity was required and sufficient to induce cell death. Hyperactive Syk was functionally equivalent to acute activation of a self-reactive BCR on ALL cells. Despite oncogenic transformation, this basic mechanism of negative selection was still functional in ALL cells. Unlike normal pre-B cells, patient-derived ALL cells express the inhibitory receptors PECAM1, CD300A and LAIR1 at high levels. Genetic studies revealed that Pecam1, Cd300a and Lair1 are critical to calibrate oncogenic signalling strength through recruitment of the inhibitory phosphatases Ptpn6 (ref. 7) and Inpp5d (ref. 8). Using a novel small-molecule inhibitor of INPP5D (also known as SHIP1), we demonstrated that pharmacological hyperactivation of SYK and engagement of negative B-cell selection represents a promising new strategy to overcome drug resistance in human ALL.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Humans
- Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatases
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/agonists
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases/metabolism
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/drug effects
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/deficiency
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/deficiency
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Syk Kinase
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Seyedmehdi Shojaee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Maike Buchner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Huimin Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jae Woong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lars Klemm
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Björn Titz
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles CA
| | - Thomas G. Graeber
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles CA
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ying Xim Tan
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Anne Satterthwaite
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | | | - Stephen P. Hunger
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045
| | | | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Mignon L. Loh
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA
| | - John E. Coligan
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Silvia Bolland
- Autoimmunity and Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Rockville MD 20852
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Andre Limnander
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Department of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, and MPI of Immunbiologie and Epigenetics, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Markus Müschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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19
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Ye QD, Wang X, Miao Y, Pan C, Tang JY. [Increased B-lymphocyte prognitor cells in a boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia after chemotherapy]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2014; 16:955-956. [PMID: 25229969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Dong Ye
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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20
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Montecino-Rodriguez E, Li K, Fice M, Dorshkind K. Murine B-1 B cell progenitors initiate B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia with features of high-risk disease. J Immunol 2014; 192:5171-8. [PMID: 24752443 PMCID: PMC4028370 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
B-1 and B-2 B cells derive from distinct progenitors that emerge in overlapping waves of development. The number of murine B-1 progenitors peaks during fetal development whereas B-2 B cell production predominates in adult bone marrow. Many genetic mutations that underlie B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) occur in the fetus, at which time B-1 progenitor numbers are high. However, whether B-ALL can initiate in B-1 progenitors is unknown. In the present study, we report that BCR-ABL-transformed murine B-1 progenitors can be B-ALL cells of origin and demonstrate that they initiate disease more rapidly than do oncogene-expressing B-2 progenitors. We further demonstrate that B-1 progenitors exhibit relative resistance to apoptosis and undergo significant growth following oncogene expression, and we propose that these properties underlie the accelerated kinetics with which they initiate leukemia. These results provide a developmental perspective on the origin of B-ALL and indicate B cell lineage as a factor influencing disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Encarnacion Montecino-Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Katy Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Michael Fice
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kenneth Dorshkind
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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21
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Leung-Hagesteijn C, Erdmann N, Cheung G, Keats JJ, Stewart AK, Reece D, Chung KC, Tiedemann RE. Xbp1s-negative tumor B cells and pre-plasmablasts mediate therapeutic proteasome inhibitor resistance in multiple myeloma. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:289-304. [PMID: 24029229 PMCID: PMC4118579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitor (PI) resistance mechanisms in multiple myeloma (MM) remain controversial. We report the existence of a progenitor organization in primary MM that recapitulates maturation stages between B cells and plasma cells and that contributes to clinical PI resistance. Xbp1s(-) tumor B cells and pre-plasmablasts survive therapeutic PI, preventing cure, while maturation arrest of MM before the plasmablast stage enables progressive disease on PI treatment. Mechanistically, suppression of Xbp1s in MM is shown to induce bortezomib resistance via de-commitment to plasma cell maturation and immunoglobulin production, diminishing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) front-loading and cytotoxic susceptibility to PI-induced inhibition of ER-associated degradation. These results reveal the tumor progenitor structure in MM and highlight its role in therapeutic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Cheung
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - A Keith Stewart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Donna Reece
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Rodger E Tiedemann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Contact Information: Dr. Rodger E. Tiedemann, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada, Tel: 416-581-8451, Fax: 416-946-6546,
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22
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23
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Holz LE, Yoon JC, Raghuraman S, Moir S, Sneller MC, Rehermann B. Reply: b-cell frequency in HCV-related mixed cryoglobulinemia. Hepatology 2013; 58:448-9. [PMID: 23111813 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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24
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Rubio CA. An easy method to quantify plasma cells/plasma cell precursors in normal colonic mucosa, collagenous colitis and Crohn's colitis. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:3723-3726. [PMID: 22993311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of round cells that should normally be present in the colonic mucosa remains disputed. Biopsies from patients with chronic diarrhoea, having a slightly increased number of round cells in the lamina propria mucosa (lpm) may be diagnosed as slight chronic colitis by some pathologists, while others may regard these biopsies as being normal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The numbers of plasma cells/plasma cell precursors (PC-PCP) were assessed in colonic biopsies from 35 patients by the aid of MUM1 immunostaining. MUM1 (multiple myeloma oncogene 1) is a member of the interferon regulatory family of transcription factors (interferon regulatory factor 4 gene, IRF4). RESULTS Many of the round cells considered, as lymphocytes in H&E staining were in fact MUM1-positive PCP. In 6 patients having a priori, a slightly increased number of round cells, the mean number of MUM1-labelled cells was 40.8, in 5 patients with collagenous colitis, it was 81.4 and in 12 patients with Crohn's colitis, 87.6, whereas in 12 normal individuals it was 23.3 (MUM1-positive cells in collagenous-Crohn's colitis vs. normal mucosa, p<0.05). CONCLUSION MUM1 was of value in recording a significant increase of PC-PCP in collagenous colitis and Crohn's colitis. The subjective impression of increased cellularity in some colonic biopsies from patients with chronic diarrhoea was substantiated in mathematical terms, by demonstrating that the number of PC-PCP was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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25
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Kobayashi S, Kumagai R, Omiya A, Tanno H, Ishii Y, Yamamoto W, Takasaki H, Sakai R, Numata A, Matsumoto K, Tanaka M, Kanamori H, Motomura S, Maruta A. [Immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones in patients with hematological malignancies]. Rinsho Ketsueki 2012; 53:753-759. [PMID: 22975815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied immunophenotypic analysis of hematogones by flow cytometry. A total of 102 specimens from 93 patients with acute leukemia (52 specimens), myelodysplastic syndromes (4), or malignant lymphoma (46) were analyzed between April and August, 2011. Hematogones were detected in 55 specimens and highly identified in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in remission and B cell lymphoma. Stage 1 (CD34(+)CD20(-)) and stage 2/3 (CD34(-)CD20(+)) were detected in 9.9% and 52.7%, respectively. In addition, the intermediate type (CD34(+)CD20(+)) was identified in 37.4%. All specimens of stage 3 in bright CD45 expression were positive for CD5 and included CD5(+)CD23(-)CD11c(-), 11.1%, CD5(+)CD23(+)CD11c(-), 85.2%, and CD5(+)CD23(+)CD11c(+), 3.7%. These findings suggest that hematogones with unreported immunophenotypes may exist and the appearance of hematogones in hematologic malignancies may be relatively frequent.
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26
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Reynaud D, Pietras E, Barry-Holson K, Mir A, Binnewies M, Jeanne M, Sala-Torra O, Radich JP, Passegué E. IL-6 controls leukemic multipotent progenitor cell fate and contributes to chronic myelogenous leukemia development. Cancer Cell 2011; 20:661-73. [PMID: 22094259 PMCID: PMC3220886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Using a mouse model recapitulating the main features of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), we uncover the hierarchy of leukemic stem and progenitor cells contributing to disease pathogenesis. We refine the characterization of CML leukemic stem cells (LSCs) to the most immature long-term hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSCs) and identify some important molecular deregulations underlying their aberrant behavior. We find that CML multipotent progenitors (MPPs) exhibit an aberrant B-lymphoid potential but are redirected toward the myeloid lineage by the action of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. We show that BCR/ABL activity controls Il-6 expression thereby establishing a paracrine feedback loop that sustains CML development. These results describe how proinflammatory tumor environment affects leukemic progenitor cell fate and contributes to CML pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Feedback, Physiological
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/physiology
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/physiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Multipotent Stem Cells/pathology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Reynaud
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Emmanuelle Passegué, PhD () Damien Reynaud, PhD () University of California San Francisco 35 Medical Way, Regeneration Medicine Building (RMB), Rm. 1017, Box 0667 San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Phone: 415-476-2426 Fax: 415-476-9273
| | - Eric Pietras
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Keegan Barry-Holson
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Alain Mir
- Fluidigm Corporation, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Mikhail Binnewies
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Marion Jeanne
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Olga Sala-Torra
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Jerald P. Radich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
- Co-corresponding authors: Emmanuelle Passegué, PhD () Damien Reynaud, PhD () University of California San Francisco 35 Medical Way, Regeneration Medicine Building (RMB), Rm. 1017, Box 0667 San Francisco, CA 94143, USA Phone: 415-476-2426 Fax: 415-476-9273
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27
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Kojima M, Kaneko Y, Masawa N, Sugihara S. Tuberculous pleural effusion containing numerous reactive plasma cells and their precursors: A case report. Diagn Cytopathol 2011; 40:941-2. [PMID: 21987431 DOI: 10.1002/dc.21774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Abstract
Antigen-independent B-cell development occurs in several stages that depend on the expression of Ig heavy and light chain. We identified a line of mice that lacked mature B cells in the spleen. This mouse line carried approximately 11 copies of a transgene of the murine heavy chain constant region locus, and B-lineage cells expressed excessive amounts of the intracellular μ heavy chain. B-cell development failed in the bone marrow at the pro/pre B-cell transition, and examination of other lines with various copy numbers of the same transgene suggested that deficiencies in B-cell development increased with increased transgene copy number. Expression of a transgenic (Tg) light chain along with the Tg μ heavy chain led to minimal rescue of B-cell development in the bone marrow and B cells in the spleen. There are several potential mechanisms for the death of pro/pre B cells as a consequence of excess heavy chain expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqiao Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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29
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Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a critical transcriptional regulator in B cell development and function. We have previously shown that IRF4, together with IRF8, orchestrates pre-B cell development by limiting pre-B cell expansion and by promoting pre-B cell differentiation. Here, we report that IRF4 suppresses c-Myc induced leukemia in EμMyc mice. Our results show that c-Myc induced leukemia was greatly accelerated in the IRF4 heterozygous mice (IRF4+/−Myc); the average age of mortality in the IRF4+/−Myc mice was only 7 to 8 weeks but was 20 weeks in the control mice. Our results show that IRF4+/−Myc leukemic cells were derived from large pre-B cells and were hyperproliferative and resistant to apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that the majority of IRF4+/−Myc leukemic cells inactivated the wild-type IRF4 allele and contained defects in Arf-p53 tumor suppressor pathway. p27kip is part of the molecular circuitry that controls pre-B cell expansion. Our results show that expression of p27kip was lost in the IRF4+/−Myc leukemic cells and reconstitution of IRF4 expression in those cells induced p27kip and inhibited their expansion. Thus, IRF4 functions as a classical tumor suppressor to inhibit c-Myc induced B cell leukemia in EμMyc mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simanta Pathak
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shibin Ma
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Long Trinh
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Shantaram S. Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Runqing Lu
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Kajiwara R, Goto H, Tanoshima R, Kato H, Yokosuka T, Yokota S. Myeloperoxidase-positive acute leukemia with precursor B cell immunophenotype. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 52:525-7. [PMID: 21142784 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.537002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Ekman A, Pessa-Morikawa T, Liljavirta J, Niku M, Iivanainen A. B-cell development in bovine fetuses proceeds via a pre-B like cell in bone marrow and lymph nodes. Dev Comp Immunol 2010; 34:896-903. [PMID: 20380850 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The production of B cells and the primary antibody repertoire in mammalian species other than rodents or man appears to depend on gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Bovine B cells are generated in ileal Peyer's patch from late gestational to juvenile age. However, little is known about where and when the bona fide B lymphopoiesis takes place. We analyzed bovine fetuses for signs of ongoing B lymphopoiesis using a combination of immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, real-time quantitative PCR and RNA in situ hybridization. In fetal bone marrow and lymph node, we could demonstrate pre-B like cells positive for intracellular Ig mu but negative for membrane IgM. Strong expression of immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 1 and recombination activating genes was also detected in the same tissues. Similar analyses did not reveal pre-B like cells in the corresponding adult tissues. These results suggest that bovine fetal bone marrow and lymph node support B lymphopoiesis via a pre-B cell like stage before and in parallel to the development of the ileal Peyer's patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ekman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Rao DS, O’Connell RM, Chaudhuri AA, Garcia-Flores Y, Geiger TL, Baltimore D. MicroRNA-34a perturbs B lymphocyte development by repressing the forkhead box transcription factor Foxp1. Immunity 2010; 33:48-59. [PMID: 20598588 PMCID: PMC2911227 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can influence lineage choice or affect critical developmental checkpoints during hematopoiesis. We examined the role of the p53-induced microRNA miR-34a in hematopoiesis by gain-of-function analysis in murine bone marrow. Constitutive expression of miR-34a led to a block in B cell development at the pro-B-cell-to-pre-B-cell transition, leading to a reduction in mature B cells. This block appeared to be mediated primarily by inhibited expression of the transcription factor Foxp1. Foxp1 was a direct target of miR-34a in a 3'-untranslated region (UTR)-dependent fashion. Knockdown of Foxp1 by siRNA recapitulated the B cell developmental phenotype induced by miR-34a, whereas cotransduction of Foxp1 lacking its 3' UTR with miR-34a rescued B cell maturation. Knockdown of miR-34a resulted in increased amounts of Foxp1 and mature B cells. These findings identify a role for miR-34a in connecting the p53 network with suppression of Foxp1, a known B cell oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh S. Rao
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , UCLA-David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Jonnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA-David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ryan M. O’Connell
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | | | | | - Theresa L. Geiger
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
| | - David Baltimore
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA
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33
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Kobayashi S, Sato K, Kobayashi A, Osawa Y, Nakamura Y, Kimura F. Imatinib-resistant lymphoid clone of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast phase arising from B cell-committed progenitor leukemic stem cells. Ann Hematol 2010; 90:367-8. [PMID: 20556391 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-010-1008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis
- Clone Cells
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Mutation
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/therapeutic use
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/therapeutic use
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34
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Hutter C, Attarbaschi A, Fischer S, Meyer C, Dworzak M, König M, Marschalek R, Mann G, Haas OA, Panzer-Grümayer ER. Acute monocytic leukaemia originating from MLL-MLLT3-positive pre-B cells. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:621-3. [PMID: 20497176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Nam JH, Shin DH, Min JE, Ye SK, Jeon JH, Kim SJ. Ca2+ signaling induced by sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid in mouse B cells. Mol Cells 2010; 29:85-91. [PMID: 20069383 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 10/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids (LPLs) such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are chemotactic for lymphocytes, and increases of in cytosolic [Ca(2+)] signal the regulation of lymphocyte activation and migration. Here, the authors investigated the effects of LPA and S1P on [Ca(2+)](c) in mouse B cell lines (WEHI-231 and Bal-17) and primary B cells isolated from mouse spleen and bone marrow, and focused on the modulation of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) by LPLs. In Bal-17 (a mature B cell line) both LPA and S1P induced a transient [Ca(2+)](c) increase via a phospholipase C pathway. In addition, pretreatment with LPLs was found to augment thapsigargin-induced SOCE in Bal-17 cells. However, in WEHI-231 (an immature B cell line) LPLs had no significant effect on [Ca(2+)](c) or SOCE. Furthermore, in freshly isolated splenic B cells (SBCs) and bone marrow B cells (BMBCs), LPLs induced only a small increase in [Ca(2+)](c). Interestingly, however, pretreatment with LPLs markedly increased SOCE in primary B cells, and this augmentation was more prominent in BMBCs than SBCs. The unidirectional influx of Ca(2+) was measured using Ba(2+) as a surrogate ion. Similarly, Ba(2+) influx was also found to be markedly increased by LPLs in SBCs and BMBCs. Summarizing, LPLs were found to strongly augment SOCE-mediated Ca(2+)-signaling in mouse B cells. However, unlike the mature Bal-17 cell line, PLC-dependent Ca(2+) release was insignificant in primary B cells and inWEHI-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110-799, Korea
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36
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Alter-Wolf S, Blomberg BB, Riley RL. Deviation of the B cell pathway in senescent mice is associated with reduced surrogate light chain expression and altered immature B cell generation, phenotype, and light chain expression. J Immunol 2009; 182:138-47. [PMID: 19109144 PMCID: PMC2749601 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.1.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
B lymphopoiesis in aged mice is characterized by reduced B cell precursors and an altered Ab repertoire. This likely results, in part, from reduced surrogate L chains in senescent B cell precursors and compromised pre-BCR checkpoints. Herein, we show that aged mice maintain an ordinarily minor pool of early c-kit(+) pre-B cells, indicative of poor pre-BCR expression, even as pre-BCR competent early pre-B cells are significantly reduced. Therefore, in aged mice, B2 B lymphopoiesis shifts from dependency on pre-BCR expansion and selection to more pre-BCR-deficient pathways. B2 c-kit(+) B cell precursors, from either young or aged mice, generate new B cells in vitro that are biased to larger size, higher levels of CD43, and decreased kappa L chain expression. Notably, immature B cells in aged bone marrow exhibit a similar phenotype in vivo. We hypothesize that reduced surrogate L chain expression contributes to decreased pre-B cells in aged mice. The B2 pathway is partially blocked with limited B cell development and reduced pre-BCR expression and signaling. In old age, B2 pathways have limited surrogate L chain and increasingly generate new B cells with altered phenotype and L chain expression.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/genetics
- Aging/immunology
- Animals
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Bone Marrow Cells/immunology
- Bone Marrow Cells/metabolism
- Bone Marrow Cells/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains, Surrogate/metabolism
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphopenia/genetics
- Lymphopenia/immunology
- Lymphopenia/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Pre-B Cell Receptors/deficiency
- Pre-B Cell Receptors/metabolism
- Pre-B Cell Receptors/physiology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Alter-Wolf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL 33101
| | - Bonnie B. Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL 33101
| | - Richard L. Riley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL 33101
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) is a chemokine, which plays an important role in normal B-cell lymphopoesis, migration and homing to the bone marrow (BM) and previous studies have suggested a role for CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in the pathogenesis of ALL. PURPOSE CXCL12 levels in serum were evaluated from ALL-children and controls. The biological effect of recombinant CXCL12 on primary leukaemic cells was investigated. Signalling via the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis was further characterized in an in vitro model using the pre-B leukaemic cell line Nalm-6. RESULTS The serum level of CXCL12 in children at diagnosis of pre-B-ALL is significantly higher than in healthy children (4.8 (0-32) ng/ml vs. 0 (0-3.2) ng/ml, P < 0.001). After completed chemotherapy, CXCL12 decreases to levels comparable to those found in the control group. In addition, we found that recombinant CXCL12 enhances pre-B leukaemic cell proliferation in vitro. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is able to initiate functional signalling and we show that STAT5 is activated in CD19+ leukaemic cells from BM of ALL patients and in the leukaemic cell line Nalm-6. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CXCL12 may have a role in leukaemic cell proliferation and survival during childhood ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Mowafi
- Microbiology Tumour Biology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Abstract
Constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway is frequent in cancer and contributes to oncogenesis. Here, we took advantage of the Ba/F3 cell line, a murine proB cell line dependent on IL-3 for growth, to analyse mechanisms of constitutive STAT activation in vitro. Cytokine-independent and tumorigenic Ba/F3 cell lines were derived from a two-step selection process. Cells transfected with a defective IL-9 receptor acquire IL-9 responsiveness during a first step of selection, and progress after a second selection step to autonomously growing tumorigenic cells. Microarray analysis pointed to JAK1 overexpression as a key genetic event in this transformation. Overexpression of JAK1 not only increased the sensitivity to IL-9 but also allowed a second selection step toward cytokine-independent growth with constitutive STAT activation. This progression was dependent on a functional FERM and kinase JAK1 domain. Similar results were observed after JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2 overexpression. All autonomous cell lines showed an activation of STAT5, ERK1-2 and AKT but only TYK2-overexpressing cell lines showed a constitutive activation of STAT3. Thus, JAK overexpression can be considered as one of the oncogenic events leading to the constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Knoops
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
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39
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Wang P, Lushnikova T, Odvody J, Greiner TC, Jones SN, Eischen CM. Elevated Mdm2 expression induces chromosomal instability and confers a survival and growth advantage to B cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:1590-8. [PMID: 17828300 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mdm2, a regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor, is frequently overexpressed in lymphomas, including lymphomas that have inactivated p53. However, the biological consequences of Mdm2 overexpression in lymphocytes are not fully resolved. Here, we report that increased expression of Mdm2 in B cells augmented proliferation and reduced susceptibility to p53-dependent apoptosis, which was due to inhibition of p53 and suppression of p21 expression. Notably, developing and mature B cells from Mdm2 transgenic mice had an increased frequency of chromosomal/chromatid breaks and/or aneuploidy. This Mdm2-mediated genome instability occurred at a similar frequency as that in B cells overexpressing the oncogene c-Myc, but the chromosomal instability was not further enhanced when Mdm2 and c-Myc were overexpressed together. Elevated Mdm2 expression alone increased the occurrence of B-cell transformation in vivo and cooperated with c-Myc overexpression, resulting in an acceleration of B-cell lymphomagenesis. In addition, the frequency of p53 mutations was reduced, but not eliminated, in lymphomas arising in Mdm2/Emu-myc double transgenic mice. Therefore, increased Mdm2 expression facilitated B-cell lymphomagenesis, in part, through regulation of p53 by altering B-cell proliferation and susceptibility to apoptosis, and by inducing chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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40
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Mattei D, Bassan R, Mordini N, Rapezzi D, Rambaldi A, Strola G, Peretti C, Del Grosso F, Ferraris AM, Castellino C, Gallamini A. Expansion of B cell precursors after unrelated cord blood transplantation for an adult patient. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 40:283-5. [PMID: 17529999 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, X/immunology
- Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
- Cyclosporine/administration & dosage
- Cyclosporine/adverse effects
- Diarrhea/drug therapy
- Diarrhea/etiology
- Diarrhea/genetics
- Diarrhea/immunology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage
- Gastrointestinal Agents/adverse effects
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Graft vs Host Disease/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/prevention & control
- Humans
- Ileus/drug therapy
- Ileus/etiology
- Ileus/genetics
- Ileus/immunology
- Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage
- Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects
- Infliximab
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/complications
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Neoplasm, Residual
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/immunology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Transplantation Chimera/genetics
- Transplantation Chimera/immunology
- Transplantation Conditioning
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