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Ameline A, Gheddar L, Arbouche N, Blanchot A, Raul JS, Kintz P. Testing for Kratom alkaloids in fingernail clippings - not only mitragynine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 243:116078. [PMID: 38489958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a species of large tree that grows in Southeast Asia and is part of the Rubiaceae family. Its fresh leaves are harvested for their medicinal properties and used for their psychoactive effects. Kratom contains many biologically active alkaloids, including mitragynine and 7-OH-mitragynine, which are considered the two most important psychoactive components and constitute approximately 66% and 2% of the total alkaloid content. Other alkaloids are present in the plant, such as speciogynine, speciociliatine and paynantheine, but have less psychoactive activity. Over the past decade, the sale of kratom powder has increased on the Internet. This led to a significant increase in forensic cases. Given the lack of data existing in the literature, and the total absence of data in nails, the authors report a study to determine the best target alkaloids for documenting kratom consumption in this matrix. Fingernail clippings from a supposed kratom powder user were analyzed after liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography separation using a HSS C18 column and performed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. In the specimen, mitragynine was quantified at 229 pg/mg, speciogynine and paynantheine were both quantified at 2 pg/mg, and speciociliatine was quantified at 19 pg/mg. 7-OH-mitragynine was not detected. The interpretation of these concentrations is complex, since there is currently no reference in the literature, as this is the first identification of mitragynine and other kratom alkaloids in nails. Nevertheless, in view of the high concentration of mitragynine, the subject seems to be a repetitive user of kratom. According to the measured concentrations, it seems that mitragynine remains the best target to document kratom consumption, but the identification of the other alkaloids would enhance the specificity of the test.
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2
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Qin JX, Hong Y, Zhao LY, Wang CQ, Fang X, Liang S. The basic chemical substances of total alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla and their anti-neuroinflammatory activities. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2024; 26:765-771. [PMID: 38373226 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2024.2315211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
To clarify the chemical basis of the total alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla, HPLC-VWD chromatogram of total alkaloids was established. Under its guidance, modern chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques were used to track, isolate and identify the representative principal components. As a result, one new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, 3S,15S-N4-methoxymethyl-geissoschizine methyl ether (1), together with 20 known alkaloids (2-21), and 5 other known compounds (22-26) were obtained. Meanwhile, sixteen characteristic peaks were identified from the total alkaloids using HPLC analysis. Then, the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of compounds 1-21 was assessed through inhibiting nitric ---oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 19 and 21 showed potent inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 5.87-76.78 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xu Qin
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Hong
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lu-Yi Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao-Qun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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3
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Hirasawa Y, Kakizoe Y, Tougan T, Uchiyama N, Horii T, Morita H. Vincarostine A, a novel anti-malarial trimeric monoterpenoid indole alkaloid from Catharanthus roseus. J Nat Med 2024; 78:768-773. [PMID: 38564155 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel trimeric monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, vincarostine A (1) consisting of an aspidosperma-iboga-aspidosperma type skeleton, was isolated from the whole plant of Catharanthus roseus. The structure including absolute stereochemistry was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR data and CD spectrum. Vincarostine A (1) showed anti-malarial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hirasawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Kakizoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tougan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Malaria Vaccine Development, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara 2-4-41 Shinagawa-Ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Wu PQ, Liu ZD, Ren YH, Zhou JS, Liu QF, Wu Y, Zhang JL, Zhou B, Yue JM. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris and their Toxoplasma gondii inhibitory activity. Phytochemistry 2024; 220:113993. [PMID: 38266954 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Nine previously unreported various types of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, together with seven known analogues were isolated from the stem barks of Alstonia scholaris through a silica gel free methodology. The structures of 1-9 were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is a modified echitamine-type alkaloid with a novel 6/5/5/7/6/6 hetero hexacyclic bridged ring system, and 8 and 9 exist as a zwitterion and trifluoroacetate salt, respectively. The anti-Toxoplasma activity of all isolates on infected Vero cells were evaluated, which revealed that compound 14 at 0.24 μM displayed potent activity. This study expanded the structural diversity of alkaloids of A. scholaris, and presented their potential application in anti-Toxoplasma drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Qian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Di Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Su Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun-Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Li Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong, 264117, People's Republic of China.
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Tan YS, Ng MP, Tan CH, Tang WK, Sim KS, Yong KT, Krishnan P, Lim KH, Lim SH, Low YY. Quinoline, Indole, and Isogranatanine Alkaloids from Malayan Leuconotis eugeniifolia. J Nat Prod 2024; 87:286-296. [PMID: 38284153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nine new alkaloids, eugeniinalines A-H (1-8) and (+)-eburnamenine N-oxide (9), comprising one quinoline, six indole, and two isogranatanine alkaloids, were isolated from the stem-bark extract of the Malayan Leuconotis eugeniifolia. The structures and absolute configurations of these alkaloids were established based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data, GIAO NMR calculations, DP4+ probability analysis, TDDFT-ECD method, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Eugeniinaline A (1) represents a new pentacyclic quinoline alkaloid with a 6/6/5/6/7 ring system. Eugeniinaline G (7) and its seco-derivative, eugeniinaline H (8), were the first isogranatanine alkaloids isolated as natural products. The known alkaloids leucolusine (10) and melokhanine A (11) were found to be the same compound, based on comparison of the spectroscopic data of both compounds, with the absolute configuration of (7R, 20R, 21S). Eugeniinalines A and G (1 and 7) showed cytotoxic activity against the HT-29 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 7.1 and 7.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Min-Phin Ng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Hoe Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wai-Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kae-Shin Sim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kien-Thai Yong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Premanand Krishnan
- Foundation in Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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DeMars MD, O’Connor SE. Evolution and diversification of carboxylesterase-like [4+2] cyclases in aspidosperma and iboga alkaloid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2318586121. [PMID: 38319969 PMCID: PMC10873640 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318586121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large and diverse class of plant natural products, and their biosynthetic construction has been a subject of intensive study for many years. The enzymatic basis for the production of aspidosperma and iboga alkaloids, which are produced exclusively by members of the Apocynaceae plant family, has recently been discovered. Three carboxylesterase (CXE)-like enzymes from Catharanthus roseus and Tabernanthe iboga catalyze regio- and enantiodivergent [4+2] cycloaddition reactions to generate the aspidosperma (tabersonine synthase, TS) and iboga (coronaridine synthase, CorS; catharanthine synthase, CS) scaffolds from a common biosynthetic intermediate. Here, we use a combined phylogenetic and biochemical approach to investigate the evolution and functional diversification of these cyclase enzymes. Through ancestral sequence reconstruction, we provide evidence for initial evolution of TS from an ancestral CXE followed by emergence of CorS in two separate lineages, leading in turn to CS exclusively in the Catharanthus genus. This progression from aspidosperma to iboga alkaloid biosynthesis is consistent with the chemotaxonomic distribution of these MIAs. We subsequently generate and test a panel of chimeras based on the ancestral cyclases to probe the molecular basis for differential cyclization activity. Finally, we show through partial heterologous reconstitution of tabersonine biosynthesis using non-pathway enzymes how aspidosperma alkaloids could have first appeared as "underground metabolites" via recruitment of promiscuous enzymes from common protein families. Our results provide insight into the evolution of biosynthetic enzymes and how new secondary metabolic pathways can emerge through small but important sequence changes following co-option of preexisting enzymatic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. DeMars
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Sarah E. O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
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7
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Zhan G, Zhang F, Yang K, Yang T, Zhou R, Ma X, Wang N, Guo Z. Polycyclic pyrroloindoline-containing natural products with a unique 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6- ab]indene core isolated from Alstonia scholaris. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:296-301. [PMID: 38054263 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Alscholarine C (1), featuring an unprecedented pyrroloindoline-containing natural product (PiNP) with a 6/5/5/5 tetracyclic carbon skeleton, and four known PiNPs (2-5), namely demethylalstoscholarinine E (2), Nb-demethylechitamine (3), winphylline A (4), and echitamine (5), were isolated from Alstonia scholaris. Compound 1 was characterized by a hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b] indole (HPI) core fused to a unique 4-heptylimidazolidine motif, forming an unparalleled 3-heptyl-2a,4a-diazapentaleno[1,6-ab]indene ring system. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, quantum-chemical calculated 13C NMR data with DP4+ probability analyses, and ECD calculations and comparison. A plausible biosynthetic pathway of 1 was proposed. Compound 1 exhibited potential anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-stimulated NO production in RAW264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Fuxin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Kailing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Ruixi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Xueqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Zengjun Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, P.R. China.
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Hu BY, Zhao YL, He YJ, Qin Y, Luo XD. Undescribed indole lactones from Alstonia scholaris protecting hepatic cell damage. Phytochemistry 2024; 217:113926. [PMID: 37981062 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Six previously undescribed rigidly monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, alstolactines F-K (1-6), were isolated from Alstonia scholaris. Among them, a pair of cage-like epimers, 1 and 2, featuring a rare 6/5/6/6/7 ring system, represent the first example of C5→C20-olide, while compound 3 possesses unique degraded C18 and C19. The structures of the isolates were established by multiple spectroscopic analyses, quantum computational chemistry methods, and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the expression levels of proteins including NLRP3, TLR4, P-p65, NF-ĸB, Notch-2, IL-18, P-p38, and p38 in LPS-induced human normal hepatocyte (LO2) cells could be significantly downregulated by compounds 1-6, which showed potent anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Yuan Hu
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Ying-Jie He
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Yan Qin
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650501, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650501, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Angyal P, Hegedüs K, Mészáros BB, Daru J, Dudás Á, Galambos AR, Essmat N, Al-Khrasani M, Varga S, Soós T. Total Synthesis and Structural Plasticity of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303700. [PMID: 37332089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a kratom metabolite, has attracted increasing attention due to its favorable side effect profile as compared to conventional opioids. Herein, we describe the first enantioselective and scalable total synthesis of this natural product and its epimeric congener, speciogynine pseudoindoxyl. The characteristic spiro-5-5-6-tricyclic system of these alkaloids was formed through a protecting-group-free cascade relay process in which oxidized tryptamine and secologanin analogues were used. Furthermore, we discovered that mitragynine pseudoindoxyl acts not as a single molecular entity but as a dynamic ensemble of stereoisomers in protic environments; thus, it exhibits structural plasticity in biological systems. Accordingly, these synthetic, structural, and biological studies provide a basis for the planned design of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl analogues, which can guide the development of next-generation analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Hegedüs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Balázs Mészáros
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Daru
- Department of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Lorensen MDBB, Bjarnholt N, St-Pierre B, Heinicke S, Courdavault V, O'Connor S, Janfelt C. Spatial localization of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Rauvolfia tetraphylla by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging. Phytochemistry 2023; 209:113620. [PMID: 36863602 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biosynthetic compounds, which have pharmacological properties. One of these MIAs, reserpine, was discovered in the 1950s and has shown properties as an anti-hypertension and anti-microbial agent. Reserpine was found to be produced in various plant species within the genus of Rauvolfia. However, even though its presence is well known, it is still unknown in which tissues Rauvolfia produce reserpine and where the individual steps in the biosynthetic pathway take place. In this study, we explore how matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can be used in the investigation of a proposed biosynthetic pathway by localizing reserpine and the theoretical intermediates of it. The results show that ions corresponding to intermediates of reserpine were localized in several of the major parts of Rauvolfia tetraphylla when analyzed by MALDI- and DESI-MSI. In stem tissue, reserpine and many of the intermediates were found compartmentalized in the xylem. For most samples, reserpine itself was mainly found in the outer layers of the sample, suggesting it may function as a defense compound. To further confirm the place of the different metabolites in the reserpine biosynthetic pathway, roots and leaves of R. tetraphylla were fed a stable-isotope labelled version of the precursor tryptamine. Subsequently, several of the proposed intermediates were detected in the normal version as well as in the isotope labelled versions, confirming that they were synthesized in planta from tryptamine. In this experiment, a potential novel dimeric MIA was discovered in leaf tissue of R. tetraphylla. The study constitutes to date the most comprehensive spatial mapping of metabolites in the R. tetraphylla plant. In addition, the article also contains new illustrations of the anatomy of R. tetraphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Sarah O'Connor
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hao W, Ma-Long Q, Kun F, Wen G, Rui-Rong G, Shan-Ze Y, Wei-Yan H, Lan-Chun Z, Rong-Ping Z, Hao-Fei Y, Yu-Peng L, Cai-Feng D. Two new antimicrobial monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the roots of Rauvolfia yunnanensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2023; 25:429-437. [PMID: 35930443 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids 3-hydroxylochnerine (1) and 10-hydroxyvinorine (2) were isolated from the roots of Rauvolfia yunnanensis. Their structures were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data and ECD calculation. Both compounds exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, and their activities were comparable to the well-known antibacterial drug berberine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Qin Ma-Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Fan Kun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Gao Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Guo Rui-Rong
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Yin Shan-Ze
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Hu Wei-Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Zhang Lan-Chun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Zhang Rong-Ping
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Resources, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Hao-Fei
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Li Yu-Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
| | - Ding Cai-Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650031, China
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Li S, Han LL, Huang KP, Ma YH, Guo LL, Guo Y, Ran X, Yao YG, Hao XJ, Luo R, Zhang Y. New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana crassa Inhibit β-Amyloid42 Production and Phospho-Tau (Thr217). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021487. [PMID: 36675001 PMCID: PMC9862887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Eleven monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including three new ones, tabercrassines A-C (1-3), were isolated from the seeds of Tabernaemontana crassa. Tabercrassine A (1) is an ibogan-ibogan-type bisindole alkaloid which is formed by the polymerization of two classic ibogan-type monomers through a C3 unit aliphatic chain. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of HRESIMS, NMR, and ECD spectra. Cellular assays showed that alkaloids 1-3 all reduce Aβ42 production and inhibit phospho-tau (Thr217), a new biomarker of Alzheimer's disease [AD] associated with BACE1-, NCSTN-, GSK3β-, and CDK5-mediated pathways, suggesting these alkaloids' potential against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ling-Ling Han
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ke-Pu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ye-Han Ma
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ling-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yarong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ran
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongcan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, and KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (Y.Z.)
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13
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Pan QM, Li YH, Zhang JJ, Li Y, Ma SG, Yu SS. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids isolated from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113353. [PMID: 36007664 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seven undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, two N(4)-chloromethylation artifacts, and 10 known alkaloids were isolated from the stems and twigs of Strychnos cathayensis. The corresponding structures were elucidated via spectroscopic data interpretation and electronic circular dichroism. The absolute configuration of (17S)-12-hydroxy-11-methoxydiaboline, the major anomer of 12-hydroxy-11-methoxydiaboline, was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time. At an intraperitoneal dose of 30 mg/kg, 12-hydroxy-11-methoxy-N(4)-chloromethyldiaboline and (-)-macusine A exhibited potential analgesic effects with prolongation rates of 99% and 47% for the latency time of hind-paw licking, respectively, compared to the blank control. 12-Hydroxy-11-methoxydiaboline, 12-hydroxy-11-methoxydiaboline N(4)-oxide, retuline N-oxide, and (-)-vincosamide exhibited antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) with IC50 values of 33.33 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Huan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Gang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Mistry V, Darji S, Tiwari P, Sharma A. Engineering Catharanthus roseus monoterpenoid indole alkaloid pathway in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2337-2347. [PMID: 35333954 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11883-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle), a medicinal plant possessing high pharmacological attributes, is widely recognized for the biosynthesis of anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) - vinblastine and vincristine. The plant is known to biosynthesize more than 130 different bioactive MIAs, highly acclaimed in traditional and modern medicinal therapies. The MIA biosynthesis is strictly regulated at developmental and spatial-temporal stages and requires a well-defined cellular and sub-cellular compartmentation for completion of the entire MIAs biosynthesis. However, due to their cytotoxic nature, the production of vinblastine and vincristine occurs in low concentrations in planta and the absence of chemical synthesis alternatives projects a huge gap in demand and supply, leading to high market price. With research investigations spanning more than four decades, plant tissue culture and metabolic engineering (ME)-based studies were attempted to explore, understand, explain, improve and enhance the MIA biosynthesis using homologous and heterologous systems. Presently, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology are the two powerful tools that are contributing majorly in elucidating MIA biosynthesis. This review concentrates mainly on the efforts made through metabolic engineering of MIAs in heterologous microbial factories. KEY POINTS: • Yeast engineering provides alternative production source of phytomolecules • Yeast engineering also helps to discover missing plant pathway enzymes and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyoma Mistry
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Siddhi Darji
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India
| | - Pragya Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Metabolic Engineering Lab, C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University, Gopal-Vidyanagar, Maliba Campus, Surat, 394350, India.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Institute of Advance Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, 382426, Gujarat, India.
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15
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Jin Q, Zhao YL, Liu YP, Zhang RS, Zhu PF, Zhao LQ, Qin XJ, Luo XD. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids of Kopsia officinalis. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 285:114848. [PMID: 34798159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Ya gai", an important part of Dai medical theory, is traditionally recognized as an antidote. Kopsia officinalis Tsiang et P. T. Li is a "Ya gai" related medicine and has been widely used by Dai people for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Previous literature on title species suggested that monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) could be its main bioactive components. However, the specific bioactive ingredients for inflammation-related treatment are still unrevealed, which inspired us to conduct a phytochemical and pharmacological investigation related to its traditional use. AIM OF THE STUDY To support the traditional use of K. officinalis by assessing the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of its purified MIAs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Compounds were isolated and purified from the barks and leaves of K. officinalis using diverse chromatographic methods. The structures were established by means of extensive spectroscopic analyses and quantum computational technique. The anti-inflammatory activities of the purified MIAs were evaluated in vitro based on the suppression of lipopolysaccharide-activated inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in vivo were assessed with carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-stimulated writhing in mice models. RESULTS 23 MIAs including four new compounds were obtained and structurally established. Most of isolates showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in vitro by inhibiting inflammatory mediators (COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α). Further pharmacological evaluation in vivo revealed that 12-hydroxy-19(R)-hydroxy-ibophyllidine (1) and 11,12-methylenedioxykopsinaline N4-oxide (5) remarkably decreased the number of writhing, while kopsinic acid (8), (-)-kopsinilam (12), and normavacurine-21-one (20) significantly relieved paw edema, respectively, even better than the positive control aspirin. CONCLUSIONS The in vitro and in vivo findings supported the traditional use of K. officinalis with respect to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, as well as provided potent bioactive MIAs for further chemical modification and pharmacological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Qin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Jie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Dai Y, Cha H, Simmonds MJ, Fallahi H, An H, Ta HT, Nguyen NT, Zhang J, McNamee AP. Enhanced Blood Plasma Extraction Utilising Viscoelastic Effects in a Serpentine Microchannel. Biosensors 2022; 12:bios12020120. [PMID: 35200380 PMCID: PMC8869685 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plasma extraction from blood is essential for diagnosis of many diseases. The critical process of plasma extraction requires removal of blood cells from whole blood. Fluid viscoelasticity promotes cell migration towards the central axis of flow due to differences in normal stress and physical properties of cells. We investigated the effects of altering fluid viscoelasticity on blood plasma extraction in a serpentine microchannel. Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) was dissolved into blood to increase its viscoelasticity. The influences of PEO concentration, blood dilution, and flow rate on the performance of cell focusing were examined. We found that focusing performance can be significantly enhanced by adding PEO into blood. The optimal PEO concentration ranged from 100 to 200 ppm with respect to effective blood cell focusing. An optimal flow rate from 1 to 15 µL/min was determined, at least for our experimental setup. Given less than 1% haemolysis was detected at the outlets in all experimental combinations, the proposed microfluidic methodology appears suitable for applications sensitive to haemocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Dai
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Michael J. Simmonds
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Hedieh Fallahi
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Hang T. Ta
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (Y.D.); (H.C.); (H.F.); (H.A.); (N.-T.N.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (A.P.M.)
| | - Antony P. McNamee
- Biorheology Research Laboratory, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (A.P.M.)
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17
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Zhang SY, Li ZW, Xu J, Chen QL, Song M, Zhang QW. Discovery of Three New Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from the Leaves of Gardneria multiflora and Their Vasorelaxant and AChE Inhibitory Activities. Molecules 2021; 26:7191. [PMID: 34885772 PMCID: PMC8659093 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three novel monoterpenoid indole alkaloids gardflorine A (1), gardflorine B (2), and gardflorine C (3) were isolated from the leaves of Gardneria multiflora. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods (MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR) and circular dichroism experiments. All the compounds were evaluated for their vasorelaxant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities. Compound 1 exhibited potent vasorelaxant activity, with an EC50 value of 8.7 μM, and compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 26.8 and 29.2 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China;
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Z.-W.L.); (J.X.); (Q.-L.C.)
| | - Jie Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Z.-W.L.); (J.X.); (Q.-L.C.)
| | - Qiu-Ling Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of TCM, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Modernization of TCM, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Z.-W.L.); (J.X.); (Q.-L.C.)
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Qing-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
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18
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Bhowmik S, Galeta J, Havel V, Nelson M, Faouzi A, Bechand B, Ansonoff M, Fiala T, Hunkele A, Kruegel AC, Pintar JE, Majumdar S, Javitch JA, Sames D. Site selective C-H functionalization of Mitragyna alkaloids reveals a molecular switch for tuning opioid receptor signaling efficacy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3858. [PMID: 34158473 PMCID: PMC8219695 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23736-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitragynine (MG) is the most abundant alkaloid component of the psychoactive plant material "kratom", which according to numerous anecdotal reports shows efficacy in self-medication for pain syndromes, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. We have developed a synthetic method for selective functionalization of the unexplored C11 position of the MG scaffold (C6 position in indole numbering) via the use of an indole-ethylene glycol adduct and subsequent iridium-catalyzed borylation. Through this work we discover that C11 represents a key locant for fine-tuning opioid receptor signaling efficacy. 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7OH), the parent compound with low efficacy on par with buprenorphine, is transformed to an even lower efficacy agonist by introducing a fluorine substituent in this position (11-F-7OH), as demonstrated in vitro at both mouse and human mu opioid receptors (mMOR/hMOR) and in vivo in mouse analgesia tests. Low efficacy opioid agonists are of high interest as candidates for generating safer opioid medications with mitigated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juraj Galeta
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IOCB Prague), 160 00, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Abdelfattah Faouzi
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92161, USA
| | | | - Mike Ansonoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Tomas Fiala
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Hunkele
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology and Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | | | - John E Pintar
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers University, New Jersey, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- NeuroTechnology Center at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute at Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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19
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Goh YS, Karunakaran T, Murugaiyah V, Santhanam R, Abu Bakar MH, Ramanathan S. Accelerated Solvent Extractions (ASE) of Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (Kratom) Leaves: Evaluation of Its Cytotoxicity and Antinociceptive Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123704. [PMID: 34204457 PMCID: PMC8234130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitragyna speciosa Korth (kratom) is known for its psychoactive and analgesic properties. Mitragynine is the primary constituent present in kratom leaves. This study highlights the utilisation of the green accelerated solvent extraction technique to produce a better, non-toxic and antinociceptive active botanical extract of kratom. ASE M. speciosa extract had a dry yield (0.53–2.91 g) and showed a constant mitragynine content (6.53–7.19%) when extracted with organic solvents of different polarities. It only requires a shorter extraction time (5 min) and a reduced amount of solvents (less than 100 mL). A substantial amount of total phenolic (407.83 ± 2.50 GAE mg/g and flavonoids (194.00 ± 5.00 QE mg/g) were found in ASE kratom ethanol extract. The MTT test indicated that the ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract is non-cytotoxic towards HEK-293 and HeLa Chang liver cells. In mice, ASE kratom ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg) demonstrated a better antinociceptive effect compared to methanol and ethyl acetate leaf extracts. The presence of bioactive indole alkaloids and flavonols such as mitragynine, paynantheine, quercetin, and rutin in ASE kratom ethanolic leaf extract was detected using UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS analysis supports its antinociceptive properties. ASE ethanolic leaf extract offers a better, safe, and cost-effective choice of test botanical extract for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sean Goh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
| | - Thiruventhan Karunakaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +604-6533287
| | - Vikneswaran Murugaiyah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
| | - Rameshkumar Santhanam
- BioSES Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamad Hafizi Abu Bakar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; (Y.S.G.); (S.R.)
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Abstract
Pain remains a very pervasive problem throughout medicine. Classical pain management is achieved through the use of opiates belonging to the mu opioid receptor (MOR) class, which have significant side effects that hinder their utility. Pharmacologists have been trying to develop opioids devoid of side effects since the isolation of morphine from papaver somniferum, more commonly known as opium by Sertürner in 1804. The natural products salvinorin A, mitragynine, and collybolide represent three nonmorphinan natural product-based targets, which are potent selective agonists of opioid receptors, and emerging next-generation analgesics. In this work, we review the phytochemistry and medicinal chemistry efforts on these templates and their effects on affinity, selectivity, analgesic actions, and a myriad of other opioid-receptor-related behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Chakraborty
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, St. Louis College of Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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21
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Creed SM, Gutridge AM, Argade MD, Hennessy MR, Friesen JB, Pauli GF, van Rijn RM, Riley AP. Isolation and Pharmacological Characterization of Six Opioidergic Picralima nitida Alkaloids. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:71-80. [PMID: 33326237 PMCID: PMC7932029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The seeds of the akuamma tree (Picralima nitida) have been used as a traditional treatment for pain and fever. Previous studies have attributed these effects to a series of indole alkaloids found within the seed extracts; however, these pharmacological studies were significantly limited in scope. Herein, an isolation protocol employing pH-zone-refining countercurrent chromatography was developed to provide six of the akuamma alkaloids in high purity and quantities sufficient for more extensive biological evaluation. Five of these alkaloids, akuammine (1), pseudo-akuammigine (3), akuammicine (4), akuammiline (5), and picraline (6), were evaluated against a panel of >40 central nervous system receptors to identify that their primary targets are the opioid receptors. Detailed in vitro investigations revealed 4 to be a potent kappa opioid receptor agonist, and three alkaloids (1-3) were shown to have micromolar activity at the mu opioid receptor. The mu opioid receptor agonists were further evaluated for analgesic properties but demonstrated limited efficacy in assays of thermal nociception. These findings contradict previous reports of the antinociceptive properties of the P. nitida alkaloids and the traditional use of akuamma seeds as analgesics. Nevertheless, their opioid-preferring activity does suggest the akuamma alkaloids provide distinct scaffolds from which novel opioids with unique pharmacologic properties and therapeutic utility can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Creed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Anna M Gutridge
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Malaika D Argade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Madeline R Hennessy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - J Brent Friesen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Guido F Pauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Andrew P Riley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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22
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Abstract
Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) leaves contain the mu opioid partial agonists mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine. The US Drug Enforcement Agency considers it a 'drug of concern', and the US FDA is reviewing kratom, but there is a paucity of information regarding health effects. Liver injury is often cited as a potential health consequence, however the same few case reports are repeatedly referenced, without a broader context. Furthermore, reports have largely lacked standardized causality assessment methods. The objective is to evaluate causality in kratom liver injury, through a comprehensive scoping review of human cases, and by reviewing epidemiologic, animal, and mechanistic reports that relate to kratom liver injury. Hepatotoxicity causality was systematically examined using the Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) for case reports. Biopsy findings, potential pathophysiologic mechanisms, and management options are discussed. This review identified 26 case reports and abstracts, in addition to 7 cases reported from the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network, 25 in FDA databases, and 27 in internet user forums. Latency periods to symptom onset had a median of 20.6 days and mean of 21 days (range 2-49). Common presenting signs and symptoms were abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritis, and dark urine. Histologic findings were predominantly cholestatic, although, biochemically, the condition was heterogenous or mixed; the median R ratio was 3.4 and the mean was 4.6 (range 0.24-10.4). Kratom likely causes liver injury based on the totality of low-quality human evidence, and, in the context of epidemiologic, animal, and mechanistic studies. It remains unclear which subgroups of users are at heightened risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Schimmel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Mount Sinai Hospital Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Richard C Dart
- Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA
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23
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Santos CLG, Angolini CFF, Neves KOG, Costa EV, de Souza ADL, Pinheiro MLB, Koolen HHF, da Silva FMA. Molecular networking-based dereplication of strictosidine-derived monoterpene indole alkaloids from the curare ingredient Strychnos peckii. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8683. [PMID: 31783430 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large group of biologically active compounds produced by hundreds of plant species in numerous plant families, such as Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae and Rubiaceae. Although this diversity is biosynthetically intermediated by strictosidine, there are no works focused on the fragmentation patterns under collision-induced dissociation of strictosidine-derived alkaloids. METHODS Initially, the alkaloid fingerprint of Strychnos peckii was established using leaf spray with tandem mass spectrometry (LS-MS/MS). Then, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) analyses were carried out to focus on the patterns of neutral losses in product ion scan experiments with the leaf aqueous extract. Finally, the product ion spectra from a set of presumable strictosidine-type derivatives were analyzed and organized via molecular networking (MN), and dereplicated by manual interpretation of MS/MS spectra. RESULTS LS-MS/MS allowed the tentative identification of strictosidine-derived alkaloids in the leaves of S. peckii, showing useful neutral losses for the dereplication of strictosidine analogues by HPLC/MS/MS experiments. The use of MN combined with manual interpretation of the fragmentation patterns highlighted characteristic fragmentation pathways, and allowed the tentative identification of strictosidine, desoxycordifoline, strictosidinic acid, 10-hydroxystrictosidine, 5-carboxystrictosidine, lyaloside, 3,4-dehydrostrictosidine and strictosidine lactam. CONCLUSIONS The use of MN combined with the analysis of the fragmentation patterns proved to be a useful strategy for the dereplication of strictosidine-derived MIAs from S. peckii, highlighting known and unprecedented structures, as well as useful diagnostic product ions. Therefore, this workflow is an effective approach for the characterization of strictosidine-type alkaloids in future dereplication works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla L G Santos
- Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar (CAM), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Célio F F Angolini
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Kidney O G Neves
- Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar (CAM), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Afonso D L de Souza
- Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar (CAM), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia B Pinheiro
- Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar (CAM), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
| | - Hector H F Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, 69050-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe M A da Silva
- Central Analítica - Centro de Apoio Multidisciplinar (CAM), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, AM, 69077-000, Brazil
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24
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Peace MR, Smith ME, Poklis JL. The analysis of commercially available natural products recommended for use in electronic cigarettes. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020; 34:e8771. [PMID: 32110843 PMCID: PMC8785225 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Natural plant products have been used to promote health, prevent sickness, and treat various ailments. These products often consist of leaves, flowers, bark, roots, seeds, and/or other parts of the plant. Many of the pharmacologically active constituents of these products are known, but the pharmacology of these constituents may not be fully elucidated. Natural plant-based products are also available in various forms other than the raw plant material. A wide array of commercial products such as capsules, powders, extracts, and electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) electronic liquids (e-liquids) are readily available and can be purchased from various outlets, both store-based retailers and online. Newer e-cigarettes are often advertised as "heat not burn" and are used for "vaping" various forms of extracts including "waxes" and "dabs" and raw plant material. METHODS A single manufacturer was found online selling "24 different herbs" in powders, extracts, or e-liquids. These were advertised as "legal in the USA" and each product listed multiple effects. Eight e-liquids, six extracts (resins), and four powders from eight different "herbs," namely African dream, areca nut, blue lotus, damiana, kra thum na, kra thum kok, klip dagga, and wild lettuce, were purchased. An advertisement for these products stated, "Most people use the leaves, powder or resin in vaporizers." Direct analysis in real time AccuTOF™ mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was used to identify the psychoactive components in the natural products. RESULTS The psychoactive compounds that were identified in only two of the eight e-liquids, three of the five resins, and three of the four powders were arecaidine, arecoline, coumarin, entadamide, mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and nuciferine. CONCLUSIONS Psychoactive and potentially harmful substances were present in the powders and resins of the natural products. The newer types of e-cigarettes made for consuming natural products may increase their abuse potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Peace
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Departments of Forensic Science
| | - Mika E. Smith
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Departments of Forensic Science
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology
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25
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Zhang Y, Ding X, Yuan YX, Guo LL, Hao XJ. Cytotoxic Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Tabernaemontana corymbosa as Potent Autophagy Inhibitors by the Attenuation of Lysosomal Acidification. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1432-1439. [PMID: 32356659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-six alkaloids, including the new taberines A-I (1-9), were obtained from Tabernaemontana corymbosa. The structures and absolute configurations were elucidated via MS, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic data analyses. Alkaloids 1-4 are new vobasinyl-ibogan alkaloids, and 1 is characterized by an unusual 1,3-oxazinane moiety. Alkaloids 4 and 16 exhibited moderate cytotoxic potency against various human cancer cell lines, while 4, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 16 showed attenuation of lysosomal acidification activity (EC50: 12.9-29.8 μM), thereby inhibiting autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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26
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Alcover CF, Bernadat G, Kabran FA, Le Pogam P, Leblanc K, Fox Ramos AE, Gallard JF, Mouray E, Grellier P, Poupon E, Beniddir MA. Molecular Networking Reveals Serpentinine-Related Bisindole Alkaloids from Picralima nitida, a Previously Well-Investigated Species. J Nat Prod 2020; 83:1207-1216. [PMID: 32091210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five new monoterpene indole alkaloids (1-5), including four serpentinine-related bisindoles and one alstonine derivative monomer, have been isolated from the aerial parts of Picralima nitida. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of their HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were deduced from the comparison of experimental and simulated ECD spectra. In addition, two known compounds (6 and 7), previously undescribed from P. nitida, have also been purified. The compound isolation workflow was guided by a molecular networking-based dereplication strategy. Twenty-three compounds were dereplicated from the EtOH extract of P. nitida and fractions network and were assigned various levels of identification confidence. The antiparasitic activities against Plasmodium falciparum as well as the cytotoxic activity against the MRC-5 cell line were determined for compounds 1-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fox Alcover
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Guillaume Bernadat
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Faustin A Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Biologique, UFR SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Pierre Le Pogam
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Karine Leblanc
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alexander E Fox Ramos
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, 21 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Elisabeth Mouray
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP52, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP52, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Erwan Poupon
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie - Chimie des Substances Naturelles", Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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27
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Ellis CR, Racz R, Kruhlak NL, Kim MT, Zakharov AV, Southall N, Hawkins EG, Burkhart K, Strauss DG, Stavitskaya L. Evaluating kratom alkaloids using PHASE. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229646. [PMID: 32126112 PMCID: PMC7053747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Kratom is a botanical substance that is marketed and promoted in the US for pharmaceutical opioid indications despite having no US Food and Drug Administration approved uses. Kratom contains over forty alkaloids including two partial agonists at the mu opioid receptor, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, that have been subjected to the FDA's scientific and medical evaluation. However, pharmacological and toxicological data for the remaining alkaloids are limited. Therefore, we applied the Public Health Assessment via Structural Evaluation (PHASE) protocol to generate in silico binding profiles for 25 kratom alkaloids to facilitate the risk evaluation of kratom. PHASE demonstrates that kratom alkaloids share structural features with controlled opioids, indicates that several alkaloids bind to the opioid, adrenergic, and serotonin receptors, and suggests that mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine are the strongest binders at the mu opioid receptor. Subsequently, the in silico binding profiles of a subset of the alkaloids were experimentally verified at the opioid, adrenergic, and serotonin receptors using radioligand binding assays. The verified binding profiles demonstrate the ability of PHASE to identify potential safety signals and provide a tool for prioritizing experimental evaluation of high-risk compounds.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding Sites
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mitragyna/chemistry
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Radioligand Assay
- Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effects
- Receptors, Adrenergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/drug effects
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/chemistry
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacokinetics
- Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Ellis
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Racz
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Naomi L. Kruhlak
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marlene T. Kim
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alexey V. Zakharov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward G. Hawkins
- Controlled Substances Staff, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Keith Burkhart
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David G. Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lidiya Stavitskaya
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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28
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Abstract
A convergent sequence to access the indole alkaloid (±)-melokhanine E in 12-steps (8-step longest linear sequence) and an 11% overall yield is reported. The approach utilizes two cyclopropane moieties as reactive precursors to a 1,3-dipole and imine species to enable stereoselective construction of the core scaffold through a formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition. The natural product was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity based on isolation reports; however, no activity was observed. The reported efforts serve as a synthetic platform to prepare an array of alkaloids bearing this core structural motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Cholewczynski
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , NC State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Peyton C Williams
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , NC State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Joshua G Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences , NC State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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29
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Abstract
Twenty-six glucoconjugated monoterpene indole alkaloids, including 12 new compounds, rhynchophyllosides A-L (1-12), and 14 known ones, 13-26, were obtained from the hook-bearing stems of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Miq. ex Havil. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by analyses of UV, MS, NMR, ECD, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The ESI-MSn behavior of the new glucoalkaloids was also elucidated. Although comprising the same glucosyl moiety, the aglycone skeletons and glucosidic numbers and linkage varied greatly, implying the diversity in biosynthetic pathways. This is the first report of such structurally diverse glucoconjugated monoterpene indole alkaloids from U. rhynchophylla. Compound 1 represents a new subtype of oxindole alkaloid with a seven-membered D-ring, 10 is a rare monoterpene indole alkaloid with the glucosyl moiety located at C-9, 4 and 5 are the first two oxindole alkaloid diglycosides, and 11 and 12 represent the first two examples of alkaloids with a quinolone nucleus from the genus Uncaria. Compound 10 exhibited moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 10.5 μM. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding mode of inhibitor 10 at the active site of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiali Si
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
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Liang JH, Luan ZL, Tian XG, Zhao WY, Wang YL, Sun CP, Huo XK, Deng S, Zhang BJ, Zhang ZJ, Ma XC. Uncarialins A-I, Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Uncaria rhynchophylla as Natural Agonists of the 5-HT 1A Receptor. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:3302-3310. [PMID: 31789520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nine new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, uncarialins A-I (1-9), were isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla as well as 14 known analogues (10-23). Their structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. Compounds 5, 7, 15, and 22 displayed significant agonistic effects against the 5-HT1A receptor with EC50 values of 2.2 ± 0.1, 0.1 ± 0.1, 1.6 ± 0.3, and 2.0 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. The mechanisms of action of these four compounds with the 5-HT1A receptor were investigated by molecular docking, and the results suggested that amino acid residues Asp116, Thr196, Asn386, and Tyr390 played critical roles in the observed activity of the above-mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Liang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Lin Luan
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Li Wang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Kui Huo
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, College of Integrative Medicine, The National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development of Neurodegenerative Disease , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy , Xuzhou Medical University , Xuzhou 221004 , People's Republic of China
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31
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Li LM, Shi SD, Liu Y, Zou Q. Bioactivity-Guided Isolation and Identification of New and Immunosuppressive Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Rauvolfia yunnanensis Tsiang. Molecules 2019; 24:E4574. [PMID: 31847258 PMCID: PMC6943595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new 11-hydroxyburnamine (1) and rauvoyunnanines A-B (2-3), and fourteen known (4-17) monoterpenoid indole alkaloids were isolated from the total alkaloids extract of Rauvolfia yunnanensis, which exhibited promising immunosuppressive activity on T cell proliferation in preliminary screening. Their structures were determined by analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass (HRESIMS), ultraviolet (UV) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data, and by comparison with the literature. All the alkaloids were evaluated for inhibitory activity on T cell proliferation. Among them, one new compound (1) and reserpine (6) exhibited moderate immunosuppressive activity, with IC50 values of 5.9 μM and 5.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (S.-D.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Shun-Dong Shi
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (S.-D.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (S.-D.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zou
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan, China; (S.-D.S.); (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
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32
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Yu JQ, Sun XW, Wang ZW, Fang L, Wang X. Alkaloids from Melodinus henryi with anti-inflammatory activity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019; 21:820-825. [PMID: 29933711 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2018.1482878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One new quinolinic scandine-type monoterpeniod alkaloid, 3-oxo-scandine (1), as well as seven known ones (2-8), was isolated from the roots of Melodinus henryi. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. All of the compounds were prepared and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) in vitro in RAW 264.7 mouse peritoneal macrophages. Compounds 6 and 7 showed significant activities with IC50 values of 8.54 and 5.19 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Qian Yu
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Xiao-Wei Sun
- b School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
| | - Lei Fang
- c College of Biological Sciences and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan 250014 , China
- b School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Qilu University of Technology , Jinan 250014 , China
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33
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Williams D, Qu Y, Simionescu R, De Luca V. The assembly of (+)-vincadifformine- and (-)-tabersonine-derived monoterpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus involves separate branch pathways. Plant J 2019; 99:626-636. [PMID: 31009114 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The biological activity of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) has led to their use in cancer treatment and other medical applications. Their biosynthesis has involved the formation of reactive intermediates by responsible enzymes to elaborate several different chemical scaffolds. Modification of scaffolds through different substitution reactions has produced chemically diverse MIAs and related biological activities. The present study characterizes the three-step pathway involved in the formation of (+)-echitovenine, the major O-acetylated MIA of Catharanthus roseus roots, and differentiates it from a parallel pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine. Separate hydrolases convert a common reactive MIA intermediate to aspidosperma skeletons of opposite specific rotations, that is (+)-vincadifformine and (-)-tabersonine, respectively. The formation of (+) minovincinine from (+) vincadifformine 19-hydroxylase (V19H) is catalyzed by a root-specific cytochrome P450 with high amino acid sequence similarity to the leaf-specific tabersonine-3-hydroxylase involved in vindoline biosynthesis. Similarly, O-acetylation of (+)-minovincinine to form (+) echitovenine involves minovincinine-O-acetytransferase. The substrate specificity of V19H and MAT for their respective (+)-enantiomers defines the separate enantiomer-specific pathway involved in (+)-echitovenine biosynthesis and differentiates it from a parallel (-)-enantiomer-specific pathway involved in the formation of hörhammericine from (-)-tabersonine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Williams
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Razvan Simionescu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Zhou J, Du SY, Dong HJ, Fang L, Feng JH. Preparative Separation of Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloid Epimers from Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang by pH-Zone-Refining Counter-Current Chromatography Combined with Preparative High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071316. [PMID: 30987224 PMCID: PMC6480700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective method was developed for the preparative separation and purification of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid epimers from Ervatamia yunnanensis Tsiang using a combination of pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. With this method, two pairs of MIA epimers including ervatamine (72 mg, 1), 20-epi-ervatamine (27 mg, 4), dregamine (95 mg, 2), tabernaemontanine (129 mg, 3), along with two MIAs, apparicine (112 mg, 5) and isovoacangine (15 mg, 6), were successfully purified from 2.1 g crude extract of E. yunnanensis, each with a purity of over 95% as determined by HPLC. The structures of the MIAs were identified by ESI-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
| | - Si-Yu Du
- Key laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250200, China.
| | - Hong-Jing Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.
- Key laboratory of Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250200, China.
| | - Jin-Hong Feng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China.
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35
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Zhang Y, Goto M, Oda A, Hsu PL, Guo LL, Fu YH, Morris-Natschke SL, Hamel E, Lee KH, Hao XJ. Antiproliferative Aspidosperma-Type Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Bousigonia mekongensis Inhibit Tubulin Polymerization. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071256. [PMID: 30935100 PMCID: PMC6480704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids are structurally diverse natural products found in plants of the family Apocynaceae. Among them, vincristine and its derivatives are well known for their anticancer activity. Bousigonia mekongensis, a species in this family, contains various monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. In the current study, fourteen known aspidosperma-type monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (1–14) were isolated and identified from a methanol extract of the twigs and leaves of B. mekongensis for the first time. Among them, compounds 3, 6, 9, and 13 exhibited similar antiproliferative activity spectra against A549, KB, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KB subline KB-VIN cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.5–0.9 μM. The above alkaloids efficiently induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by inhibiting tubulin polymerization as well as mitotic bipolar spindle formation. Computer modeling studies indicated that compound 7 likely forms a hydrogen bond (H-bond) with α- or β-tubulin at the colchicine site. Evaluation of the antiproliferative effects and SAR analysis suggested that a 14,15-double bond or 3α-acetonyl group is critical for enhanced antiproliferative activity. Mechanism of action studies demonstrated for the first time that compounds 3, 4, 6, 7, and 13 efficiently induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M by inhibiting tubulin polymerization by binding to the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
- Natural Product Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Masuo Goto
- Natural Product Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan.
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Natural Product Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ling-Li Guo
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Yan-Hui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Product Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Screening Technologies Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Product Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, 2 Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 40447, Taiwan.
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Yin Z, Liu T, Fu JX. Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from the leaves and twigs of Ochrosia borbonica. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2019; 21:257-261. [PMID: 29261331 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1417267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, ochrobonines A (1) and B (2), together with five known compounds (3-7), were isolated from the leaves and twigs of Ochrosia borbonica. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic method, and the absolute configuration of compound 3 was first established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 1 and 2 represent a rare class of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids that with a 2-[1-(3-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)vinyl]-3-methyl-1H-indole skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yin
- a The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kuming 650021 , China
| | - Ting Liu
- a The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kuming 650021 , China
| | - Jin-Xiao Fu
- a The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province , Kuming 650021 , China
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Krishnan P, Lee FK, Chong KW, Mai CW, Muhamad A, Lim SH, Low YY, Ting KN, Lim KH. Alstoscholactine and Alstolaxepine, Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids with γ-Lactone-Bridged Cycloheptane and Oxepane Moieties from Alstonia scholaris. Org Lett 2018; 20:8014-8018. [PMID: 30543301 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Two new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, alstoscholactine (1) and alstolaxepine (2), were isolated from Alstonia scholaris. Compound 1 represents a rearranged stemmadenine alkaloid with an unprecedented C-6-C-19 connectivity, whereas compound 2 represents a 6,7- seco-angustilobine B-type alkaloid incorporating a rare γ-lactone-bridged oxepane ring system. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 was successfully semisynthesized from 19 E-vallesamine. Compound 2 induced marked vasorelaxation in rat isolated aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kam-Weng Chong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Azira Muhamad
- Malaysia Genome Institute , Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Yun-Yee Low
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Picazo E, Morrill LA, Susick RB, Moreno J, Smith JM, Garg NK. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Methanoquinolizidine-Containing Akuammiline Alkaloids and Related Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:6483-6492. [PMID: 29694031 PMCID: PMC6085837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The akuammiline alkaloids are a structurally diverse class of bioactive natural products isolated from plants found in various parts of the world. A particularly challenging subset of akuammiline alkaloids are those that contain a methanoquinolizidine core. We describe a synthetic approach to these compounds that has enabled the first total syntheses of (+)-strictamine, (-)-2( S)-cathafoline, (+)-akuammiline, and (-)-Ψ-akuammigine. Our strategy relies on the development of the reductive interrupted Fischer indolization reaction to construct a common pentacyclic intermediate bearing five contiguous stereocenters, in addition to late-stage formation of the methanoquinolizidine framework using a deprotection-cyclization cascade. The total syntheses of (-)-Ψ-akuammigine and (+)-akuammiline mark the first preparations of akuammiline alkaloids containing both a methanoquinolizidine core and vicinal quaternary centers. Lastly, we describe the bioinspired reductive rearrangements of (+)-strictamine and (+)-akuammiline to ultimately provide (-)-10-demethoxyvincorine and a new analogue thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Picazo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Lucas A. Morrill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Robert B. Susick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jesus Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Joel M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Neil K. Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Panigrahi B, Lu CH, Ghayal N, Chen CY. Sperm activation through orbital and self-axis revolutions using an artificial cilia embedded serpentine microfluidic platform. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4605. [PMID: 29545517 PMCID: PMC5854595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish sperm activation profoundly depends upon the homogeneous mixing of the sperm cells with its diluent in a quick succession as it alters the cell's extracellular medium and initiates their motility. Manual stirring, the traditional method for zebrafish sperm activation is tedious, time-consuming, and has a poor outcome. In this aspect, an artificial cilia embedded serpentine microfluidic is designed through which hydrodynamic factors of the microfluidic environment can be precisely regulated to harness uniform mixing, hence ensuring a superior sperm activation. To quantify the sperm motility, computer assisted sperm analysis software (CASA) was used whereas to quantify the generated flow field, micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) was used. With this proposed microfluidic, 74.4% of the zebrafish sperm were activated which is 20% higher than its currently existing manual measurements. The μPIV analysis demonstrates that the curvature of the microchannel induces an orbital rotation to the flow field along the length of the microchannel together with the artificial cilia actuation which instigates a local rotation to the flow field of the artificial cilia location. The collective rotation in the whole flow field induce vorticity that promotes the change in temporal dynamics of the sperm cells towards their activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bivas Panigrahi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Neha Ghayal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yuan Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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40
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Kumar S, Bajpai V, Singh A, Kumar B. Identification, characterization and distribution of terpene indole alkaloids in ethanolic extracts of Catharanthus roseus using high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and the study of their geographical variation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:319-332. [PMID: 29178152 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Catharanthus roseus is a well-known dicotyledonous medicinal plant containing diverse classes of bioactive terpene indole alkaloids (TIAs), in particular the anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine. In view of the commercial importance of these compounds there is an urgent need to develop an accurate and reliable method for the screening of TIAs from C. roseus. METHODS A method for the separation and characterization of these compounds was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). Chromatographic separation of TIAs was carried out using a Thermo Betasil C8 column (250 mm × 4.5 mm, 5 μm) at 25°C using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile. RESULTS Diagnostic fragmentation pathways for vinpocetine, vindesine, catharanthine, vinblastine, vindoline and vincristine were established on the basis of their product ions. A total of 72 TIAs were detected of which 11 were unambiguously identified by comparison with their standards, and the remaining 61 were tentatively identified. The geographical distribution of the TIAs in ethanolic extracts of 30 samples of C. roseus collected from five states of India was studied using principal component analysis (PCA). CONCLUSIONS The developed analytical method together with diagnostic fragment patterns were used to rapidly and effectively identify targeted and untargeted TIAs in C. roseus. A PCA study of the results obtained was used to discriminate among the C. roseus samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Awantika Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Edge A, Qu Y, Easson MLAE, Thamm AMK, Kim KH, De Luca V. A tabersonine 3-reductase Catharanthus roseus mutant accumulates vindoline pathway intermediates. Planta 2018; 247:155-169. [PMID: 28894945 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) have remarkable biological properties that have led to their medical uses for a variety of human diseases. Mutagenesis has been used to generate plants with new alkaloid profiles and a useful screen for rapid comparison of MIA profiles is described. The MIA mutants identified are useful for investigating MIA biosynthesis and for targeted production of these specialised metabolites. The Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the dimeric anticancer monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs), 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine and derivatives, which are formed via the coupling of the MIAs, catharanthine and vindoline. While intense efforts to identify parts of the complex pathways involved in the assembly of these dimers have been successful, our understanding of MIA biochemistry in C. roseus remains limited. A simple thin layer chromatography screen of 4000 ethyl methanesulfonate-metagenized M2 plants is described to identify mutant lines with altered MIA profiles. One mutant (M2-1865) accumulated reduced levels of vindoline inside the leaves in favour of high levels of tabersonine-2,3-epoxide and 16-methoxytabersonine-2,3-epoxide on the leaf surface. This MIA profile suggested that changes in tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R) activity might be responsible for the observed phenotype. Molecular cloning of mutant and wild type T3R revealed two nucleotide substitutions at cytosine residues 565 (CAT to TAT) and 903 (ACC to ACA) in the mutant corresponding to substitution (H189Y) and silent (T305T) amino acid mutations, respectively, in the protein. The single amino acid substitution in the mutant T3R protein diminished the biochemical activity of T3R by 95% that explained the reason for the low vindoline phenotype of the mutant. This phenotype was recessive and exhibited standard Mendelian single-gene inheritance. The stable formation and accumulation of epoxides in the M2-1865 mutant provides a dependable biological source of these two MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Edge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Yang Qu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Michael L A E Easson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Beutenberg Campus, Hans-Knoll-Strasse 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Antje M K Thamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Zhang GJ, Hu F, Jiang H, Dai LM, Liao HB, Li N, Wang HS, Pan YM, Liang D. Mappianines A-E, structurally diverse monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Mappianthus iodoides. Phytochemistry 2018; 145:68-76. [PMID: 29101786 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Five previously undescribed monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, mappianines A-E, along with twelve known analogues, were isolated from the stems of Mappianthus iodoides Hand.-Mazz. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD calculations. The plausible biogenetic pathway of mappianine A was proposed. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects on MGC-803, Bel-7404, A549, NCI-H460, and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Mappianine B, tetrahydroalstonine, β-carbolin-1-one, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronorharman-1-one displayed moderate cytotoxicity against all cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 5.19 to 42.86 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Mei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bing Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Lee MJ, Ramanathan S, Mansor SM, Yeong KY, Tan SC. Method validation in quantitative analysis of phase I and phase II metabolites of mitragynine in human urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2017; 543:146-161. [PMID: 29248503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A method using solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to quantitatively detect mitragynine, 16-carboxy mitragynine, and 9-O-demethyl mitragynine in human urine samples was developed and validated. The relevant metabolites were identified using multiple reaction monitoring in positive ionization mode using nalorphine as an internal standard. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, recovery, linearity, and lower limit of quantitation. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision were found in the range of 83.6-117.5% with coefficient of variation less than 13%. The percentage of recovery for mitragynine, 16-carboxy mitragynine, and 9-O-demethyl mitragynine was within the range of 80.1-118.9%. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for mitragynine, 2 ng/mL for 16-carboxy mitragynine, and 50 ng/mL for 9-O-demethyl mitragynine. The developed method was reproducible, high precision and accuracy with good linearity and recovery for mitragynine, 16-carboxy mitragynine, and 9-O-demethyl mitragynine in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Jin Lee
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Surash Ramanathan
- Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Sharif Mahsufi Mansor
- Centre for Drug Research (CDR), Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Keng Yoon Yeong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soo Choon Tan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
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Klein-Júnior LC, Cretton S, Allard PM, Genta-Jouve G, Passos CS, Salton J, Bertelli P, Pupier M, Jeannerat D, Heyden YV, Gasper AL, Wolfender JL, Christen P, Henriques AT. Targeted Isolation of Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids from Palicourea sessilis. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:3032-3037. [PMID: 29120642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the alkaloid extract of Palicourea sessilis by LC-HRMS/MS using molecular networking and an in silico MS/MS fragmentation approach suggested the presence of several new monoterpene indole alkaloids. These compounds were isolated by semipreparative HPLC, and their structures confirmed by means of HRMS, NMR, and ECD measurements as 4-N-methyllyaloside (3), 4-N-methyl-3,4-dehydrostrictosidine (4), 4β-hydroxyisodolichantoside (6), and 4α-hydroxyisodolichantoside (7), as well as the known alkaloids alline (1), N-methyltryptamine (2), isodolichantoside (5), and 5-oxodolichantoside (8). In addition, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the compounds was evaluated up to 50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C Klein-Júnior
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS , 90610-000, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvian Cretton
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Grégory Genta-Jouve
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, C-TAC, UMR 8638 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , 75006 Paris, France
| | - Carolina S Passos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juliana Salton
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS , 90610-000, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Pablo Bertelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS , 90610-000, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Damien Jeannerat
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling, Center for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhaR), Vrije Universiteit Brussel , B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - André L Gasper
- Herbarium Dr. Roberto Miguel Klein, Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau , 89012-900, Blumenau/SC, Brazil
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Quality Control of Phytomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS , 90610-000, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
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Yan TL, Han DX, Hu J, Huang XY, Wang HK. Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia mairei and their cytotoxicity. J Asian Nat Prod Res 2017; 19:550-556. [PMID: 28393571 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1313242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of Alstonia mairei resulted in the isolation of three new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, alstomairines A-C (1-3), along with one known compound, alpneumine A (4). Structural elucidation of all the compounds was accomplished by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and HRESIMS. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for cytotoxic activities against four osteosarcoma cell lines. Consequently, alkaloids 2 and 3 exhibited cytotoxic activities for all tested tumor cell lines with IC50 values from 9.2 to 13.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Liang Yan
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Qujing Medical College , Qujing 655000 , China
| | - Dun-Xin Han
- b Department of Spine Surgery , 107th Hospital of People's Liberation Army , Yantai , China
| | - Jiang Hu
- c College of Biological Resources and Environment Science , Qujing Normal University , Qujing 655011 , China
| | - Xiao-Yun Huang
- a Department of Basic Medicine , Qujing Medical College , Qujing 655000 , China
| | - Hong-Kun Wang
- d Department of Plastic and Burns Surgery , Fujian Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University , Fuzhou 350025 , China
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46
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Fox Ramos AE, Alcover C, Evanno L, Maciuk A, Litaudon M, Duplais C, Bernadat G, Gallard JF, Jullian JC, Mouray E, Grellier P, Loiseau PM, Pomel S, Poupon E, Champy P, Beniddir MA. Revisiting Previously Investigated Plants: A Molecular Networking-Based Study of Geissospermum laeve. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:1007-1014. [PMID: 28282127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three new monoterpene indole alkaloids (1-3) have been isolated from the bark of Geissospermum laeve, together with the known alkaloids (-)-leuconolam (4), geissolosimine (5), and geissospermine (6). The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by analysis of their HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of geissolaevine (1) was deduced from the comparison of experimental and theoretically calculated ECD spectra. The isolation workflow was guided by a molecular networking-based dereplication strategy using an in-house database of monoterpene indole alkaloids. In addition, five known compounds previously undescribed in the Geissospermum genus were dereplicated from the G. laeve alkaloid extract network and were assigned with various levels of identification confidence. The antiparasitic activities against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania donovani as well as the cytotoxic activity against the MRC-5 cell line were determined for compounds 1-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Fox Ramos
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Charlotte Alcover
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Laurent Evanno
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Alexandre Maciuk
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay , 21 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christophe Duplais
- CNRS, UMR8172 EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, Cirad, INRA, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane , 23 Avenue Pasteur, 97300 Cayenne, France
| | - Guillaume Bernadat
- Équipe "Molécules Fluorées et Chimie Médicinale" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jean-François Gallard
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, ICSN UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay , 21 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Jullian
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Elisabeth Mouray
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP52 , 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Grellier
- Unité Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Microorganismes (MCAM, UMR 7245), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, CP52 , 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe M Loiseau
- Équipe "Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sébastien Pomel
- Équipe "Chimiothérapie Antiparasitaire" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Erwan Poupon
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Pierre Champy
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe "Pharmacognosie-Chimie des Substances Naturelles" BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay , 5 Rue J.-B. Clément, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Zeng T, Wu XY, Yang SX, Lai WC, Shi SD, Zou Q, Liu Y, Li LM. Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Kopsia officinalis and the Immunosuppressive Activity of Rhazinilam. J Nat Prod 2017; 80:864-871. [PMID: 28218521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Six new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, kopsinidines C-E (1-3), 11,12-methylenedioxychanofruticosinic acid (4), 12-methoxychanofruticosinic acid (5), and N(4)-methylkopsininate (7), as well as chanofruticosinic acid (6, as a natural product) and 23 known alkaloids, were obtained from the twigs and leaves of Kopsia officinalis. Their structures were characterized by physical data analysis. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their immunosuppressive activity on human T cell proliferation. Rhazinilam (29) significantly inhibited human T cell proliferation activated by anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies (IC50 = 1.0 μM) and alloantigen stimulation (IC50 = 1.1 μM) without obvious cytotoxicity for naïve human T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (0-320 μM). Although it did not affect T cell activation, it induced T cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and inhibited proinflammatory cytokine production in activated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zeng
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Yin Wu
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Xia Yang
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chun Lai
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Dong Shi
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Li
- Research Center, Chengdu Medical College , Xindu Avenue 783, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China
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48
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Abstract
Six new bisindole alkaloids, hunterizeylines A-F (1-6), three new monomers, hunterizeylines G-I (7-9), and 13 known alkaloids were isolated from an aqueous MeOH extract of the twigs and leaves of Hunteria zeylanica. Hunterizeyline H, geissoschizol, and dihydrocorynantheol displayed weak insecticidal activity against the aphid Rhodobium porosum, with IC50 values of 168.2, 360.5, and 290.6 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Fen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xia Zeng
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Hai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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49
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Sobczyk MK, Smith JAC, Pollard AJ, Filatov DA. Evolution of nickel hyperaccumulation and serpentine adaptation in the Alyssum serpyllifolium species complex. Heredity (Edinb) 2017; 118:31-41. [PMID: 27782119 PMCID: PMC5176119 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal hyperaccumulation is an uncommon but highly distinctive adaptation found in certain plants that can grow on metalliferous soils. Here we review what is known about evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants and describe a population-genetic analysis of the Alyssum serpyllifolium (Brassicaceae) species complex that includes populations of nickel-hyperaccumulating as well as non-accumulating plants growing on serpentine (S) and non-serpentine (NS) soils, respectively. To test whether the S and NS populations belong to the same or separate closely related species, we analysed genetic variation within and between four S and four NS populations from across the Iberian peninsula. Based on microsatellites, genetic variation was similar in S and NS populations (average Ho=0.48). The populations were significantly differentiated from each other (overall FST=0.23), and the degree of differentiation between S and NS populations was similar to that within these two groups. However, high S versus NS differentiation was observed in DNA polymorphism of two genes putatively involved in adaptation to serpentine environments, IREG1 and NRAMP4, whereas no such differentiation was found in a gene (ASIL1) not expected to play a specific role in ecological adaptation in A. serpyllifolium. These results indicate that S and NS populations belong to the same species and that nickel hyperaccumulation in A. serpyllifolium appears to represent a case of adaptation to growth on serpentine soils. Further functional and evolutionary genetic work in this system has the potential to significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of metal hyperaccumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Sobczyk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J A C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Pollard
- Department of Biology, Furman University, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - D A Filatov
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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50
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Li CJ, Chen S, Sun C, Zhang L, Shi X, Wu SJ. Cytotoxic monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from Alstonia yunnanensis Diels. Fitoterapia 2016; 117:79-83. [PMID: 28040532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Alstonia yunnanensis Diels afforded five new monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, alstiyunnanenines A-E (1-5), along with one known compound, alstoniascholarine I (6). The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for cytotoxic potential using eight tumor cell lines. As a result, alkaloids 4-6 exhibited cytotoxicities against all tested tumor cell lines, especially against osteosarcoma cell lines (SOSP-9607, MG-63, Saos-2, M663) with IC50 values<6μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jun Li
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China
| | - Chang Sun
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China
| | - Xin Shi
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China..
| | - Su-Jia Wu
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Zhongshan East Road 305, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, Peoples R China..
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