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Zhang L, Wu HZ, He PY, Cao HQ, Zhang WN, Peng YC, Sheng CW. Sublethal effect and detoxifying metabolism of metaflumizone and indoxacarb on the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2024; 201:105879. [PMID: 38685245 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is a highly polyphagous invasive pest that damages various crops. Pesticide control is the most common and effective strategy to control FAW. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of metaflumizone and indoxacarb against third-instar FAW larvae using the insecticide-incorporated artificial diet method under laboratory conditions. Both metaflumizone and indoxacarb exhibited substantial toxicity against FAW, with LC50 values of 2.43 and 14.66 mg/L at 72 h, respectively. The sublethal effects of metaflumizone and indoxacarb on parental and F1 generation FAW were investigated by exposing third-instar larvae to LC10 and LC30 concentrations of these insecticides. Sublethal exposure to these two insecticides significantly shortened adult longevity, extended pupal developmental times and led to reduced pupal weight, pupation rates, and adult fecundity in the treated parental generation and F1 generation at LC10 or LC30 concentrations, in comparison to the control group. The larval developmental times were shortened in the parental generation but prolonged in the F1 generation, after being treated with sublethal concentrations of metaflumizone. Furthermore, larvae exposed to LC10 or LC30 concentrations of indoxacarb exhibited elevated activity levels of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and glutathione S-transferase, which coincides with the observed synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide and diethyl maleate. In conclusion, the high toxicity and negative impact of metaflumizone and indoxacarb on FAW provided significant implications for the rational utilization of insecticides against this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, the Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Hui-Zi Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Tobacco Company Zunyi Branch, Zunyi 563000, PR China
| | - Pei-Yun He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, the Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Hai-Qun Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, the Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Wan-Na Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Ying-Chuan Peng
- Institute of Entomology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Wang Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, the Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, PR China.
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Kumar A, Lal K, Kumar V, Murtaza M, Jaglan S, Paul AK, Yadav S, Kumari K. Synthesis, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and computational studies of isatin-semicarbazone tethered 1,2,3-triazoles. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106388. [PMID: 36736034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In present era, heterocyclic compounds containing two or three nitrogen atoms play a vital role in drug discovery. In this context, a new class of isatin-semicarbazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole hybrids was synthesized via Cu(I)-mediated azide alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Structural characteristics of the newly derived compounds were identified by various spectral techniques like FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and single crystal X-ray crystallography. Synthesized derivatives were also screened for in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against different microbial species. Triazole hybrid 7e showed significant efficacy towards E. coli having MIC of 0.0063 µmol/mL, whereas 6a, 6b, 7a, 7c, 7e, and 7f showed highest percentage of biofilm inhibition against P. aeruginosa. Bioassay results suggested that these triazole hybrids could act as biomaterial for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications and may constitute a new promising class of antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents. These results were further supported by in silico docking, DFT calculations and ADME studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana 125001, India
| | - Mohd Murtaza
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Fermentation & Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Avijit Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Qiao Z, Fu W, Zhang Y, Chen R, Xu Z, Li Z, Shao X. Azobenzene-Semicarbazone Enables Optical Control of Insect Sodium Channels and Behavior. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:15554-15561. [PMID: 34905925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photopharmacology uses molecular photoswitches to establish control over the action of bioactive molecules. The application of photopharmacology in the research of invertebrate sodium channels has not been investigated. Here we report several photochromic ligands of metaflumizone. One ligand, termed ABM04, underwent reversible trans-cis isomerization under ultraviolet or blue light irradiation. cis-ABM04 had excellent larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae with an LC50 value of 4.39 μM and showed insecticidal activity against Mythimna separata with an LC50 value of 7.19 μM. However, trans-ABM04 was not found to have biological activity. ABM04 (10 μM) can induce depolarization of dorsal unpaired median neurons and enable the real-time photoregulation of mosquito larval behavior. The precise regulation of invertebrate sodium channels is realized for the first time, which provides a new strategy for the basic and accurate research of invertebrate sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wen Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Ruijia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xusheng Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Ma L, Wang H, Wang J, Liu L, Zhang S, Bu M. Novel Steroidal 5α,8α-Endoperoxide Derivatives with Semicarbazone/Thiosemicarbazone Side-chain as Apoptotic Inducers through an Intrinsic Apoptosis Pathway: Design, Synthesis and Biological Studies. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051209. [PMID: 32156024 PMCID: PMC7179397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel steroidal 5α,8α-endoperoxide derivatives bearing semicarbazone (7a–g) or thiosemicarbazone (7h–k) side chain were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities in four human cancer cell lines (HepG2, HCT-116, MCF-7, and A549) using the MTT assay in vitro. The results showed that compound 7j exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells (IC50 = 3.52 μM), being more potent than ergosterol peroxide. Further cellular mechanism studies in HepG2 cells indicated that compound 7j triggered the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, activation levels of the caspase cascade, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The above findings indicated that compound 7j may be used as a promising skeleton for antitumor agents with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Ma
- Research Institute of Medicine & Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Haijun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Song Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China;
| | - Ming Bu
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China; (H.W.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0452-266-3881
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5
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Živković MB, Novaković IT, Matić IZ, Sladić DM, Krstić NM. Synthesis and preliminary screening for the biological activity of some steroidal Δ 4-unsaturated semicarbazone derivatives. Steroids 2019; 148:36-46. [PMID: 31075341 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Eleven new steroidal mono- and bis(semicarbazones) 2a-e, 4d and 3a-e have been prepared starting from various 3-oxo-α,β-unsaturated steroids. Mono-semicarbazones 2a-e were further subjected to ethyl chloroacetate in boiling absolute ethanol but, instead of expected intramolecular cyclocondensation reaction products, the new carbazate esters 5a-e were obtained. The structures of all synthesized compounds and identification of each E/Z isomer were deduced by elemental analysis, HRMS, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Preliminary screening for the cytotoxic activity in vitro of the new compounds has been conducted against three cancer cell lines, K562, Jurkat and HeLa cells. HeLa cells were the most sensitive while K562 cells were the least sensitive to the cytotoxic action of the novel steroid derivatives. Compounds 2e, 3c and 5e were found to have the best but still moderate cytotoxic effects. All tested compounds showed very weak antimicrobial activities. These results demonstrate that the replacement of thioxo group with carbonyl group in steroidal hydrazone derivatives resulted in decrease in their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana B Živković
- Center for Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Irena T Novaković
- Center for Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Z Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Dušan M Sladić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 158, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Natalija M Krstić
- Center for Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, P. O. Box 473, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Al-Wabli RI, Al-Ghamdi AR, Ghabbour HA, Al-Agamy MH, Attia MI. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Identification of Certain Imidazole-Semicarbazone Conjugates Bearing Benzodioxole Moieties: New Antifungal Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010200. [PMID: 30621111 PMCID: PMC6337076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last three decades the extent of life-threatening fungal infections has increased remarkably worldwide. Synthesis and structure elucidation of certain imidazole-semicarbazone conjugates 5a–o are reported. Single crystal X-ray analysis of compound 5e unequivocally confirmed its assigned chemical structure and the (E)-configuration of its imine double bond. Compound 5e crystallized in the triclinic system, P-1, a = 6.3561 (3) Å, b = 12.5095 (8) Å, c = 14.5411 (9) Å, α = 67.073 (4)°, β = 79.989 (4)°, γ =84.370 (4)°, V = 1048.05 (11) Å3, Z = 2. In addition, DIZ and MIC assays were used to examine the in vitro antifungal activity of the title conjugates 5a–o against four fungal strains. Compound 5e, bearing a 4-ethoxyphenyl fragment, showed the best MIC value (0.304 µmol/mL) against both C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis species, while compounds 5c (MIC = 0.311 µmol/mL), 5k, and 5l (MIC = 0.287 µmol/mL) exhibited the best anti-C. albicans activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem I Al-Wabli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alwah R Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed H Al-Agamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), El Bohooth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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7
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Shen J, Li D, Zhang S, Zhu X, Wan H, Li J. Fitness and inheritance of metaflumizone resistance in Plutella xylostella. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 139:53-59. [PMID: 28595922 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) has developed resistance to many types of insecticides in the field. To study inheritance and fitness cost of metaflumizone resistance, a susceptible strain of diamondback moth was continuously selected with metaflumizone during 37 generations under laboratory conditions. The resistance to metaflumizone was at a high level (resistance ratios from 250.37 to 1450.47-fold). We investigated a metaflumizone resistance strain (G27) and a susceptible strain of P. xylostella, using the age-stage, two-sex life table approach. Compared to the susceptible strain, egg duration, the developmental time of the first and second instar larvae, pupae duration, adult preoviposition period (APOP), total preoviposition period (TPOP), egg hatchability, the survival rate of second instar larva and the mean generation time (T) were significantly differences in the resistant strain. The resistant strain had a relative fitness of 0.78. The inheritance of metaflumizone resistance was also studied by crossing the metaflumizone resistant and susceptible populations. Results revealed an autosomal and incompletely recessive mode of inheritance for metaflumizone resistance in the resistant population of P. xylostella. The present study provided useful information for planning potential management strategies to delay development of metaflumizone resistance in P. xylostella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hu Wan
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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8
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Schnell L, Mittler AK, Mattarei A, Azarnia Tehran D, Montecucco C, Barth H. Semicarbazone EGA Inhibits Uptake of Diphtheria Toxin into Human Cells and Protects Cells from Intoxication. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8070221. [PMID: 27428999 PMCID: PMC4963853 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8070221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diphtheria toxin is a single-chain protein toxin that invades human cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis. In acidic endosomes, its translocation domain inserts into endosomal membranes and facilitates the transport of the catalytic domain (DTA) from endosomal lumen into the host cell cytosol. Here, DTA ADP-ribosylates elongation factor 2 inhibits protein synthesis and leads to cell death. The compound 4-bromobenzaldehyde N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)semicarbazone (EGA) has been previously shown to protect cells from various bacterial protein toxins which deliver their enzymatic subunits from acidic endosomes to the cytosol, including Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin and the binary clostridial actin ADP-ribosylating toxins C2, iota and Clostridium difficile binary toxin (CDT). Here, we demonstrate that EGA also protects human cells from diphtheria toxin by inhibiting the pH-dependent translocation of DTA across cell membranes. The results suggest that EGA might serve for treatment and/or prevention of the severe disease diphtheria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Schnell
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ann-Katrin Mittler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Holger Barth
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Wang XL, Su W, Zhang JH, Yang YH, Dong K, Wu YD. Two novel sodium channel mutations associated with resistance to indoxacarb and metaflumizone in the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Insect Sci 2016; 23:50-8. [PMID: 25850422 PMCID: PMC4598255 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indoxacarb and metaflumizone belong to a relatively new class of sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). Due to intensive use of indoxacarb, field-evolved indoxacarb resistance has been reported in several lepidopteran pests, including the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, a serious pest of cruciferous crops. In particular, the BY12 population of P. xylostella, collected from Baiyun, Guangdong Province of China in 2012, was 750-fold more resistant to indoxacarb and 70-fold more resistant to metaflumizone compared with the susceptible Roth strain. Comparison of complementary DNA sequences encoding the sodium channel genes of Roth and BY12 revealed two point mutations (F1845Y and V1848I) in the sixth segment of domain IV of the PxNav protein in the BY population. Both mutations are located within a highly conserved sequence region that is predicted to be involved in the binding sites of local anesthetics and SCBIs based on mammalian sodium channels. A significant correlation was observed among 10 field-collected populations between the mutant allele (Y1845 or I1848) frequencies (1.7% to 52.5%) and resistance levels to both indoxacarb (34- to 870-fold) and metaflumizone (1- to 70-fold). The two mutations were never found to co-exist in the same allele of PxNav , suggesting that they arose independently. This is the first time that sodium channel mutations have been associated with high levels of resistance to SCBIs. F1845Y and V1848I are molecular markers for resistance monitoring in the diamondback moth and possibly other insect pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Su
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Heng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Hua Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI48824, USA
| | - Yi-Dong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Al-Eisawi Z, Stefani C, Jansson PJ, Arvind A, Sharpe PC, Basha MT, Iskander GM, Kumar N, Kovacevic Z, Lane DJR, Sahni S, Bernhardt PV, Richardson DR, Kalinowski DS. Novel Mechanism of Cytotoxicity for the Selective Selenosemicarbazone, 2-Acetylpyridine 4,4-Dimethyl-3-selenosemicarbazone (Ap44mSe): Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization. J Med Chem 2016; 59:294-312. [PMID: 26645570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenosemicarbazones show marked antitumor activity. However, their mechanism of action remains unknown. We examined the medicinal chemistry of the selenosemicarbazone, 2-acetylpyridine 4,4-dimethyl-3-selenosemicarbazone (Ap44mSe), and its iron and copper complexes to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Ap44mSe demonstrated a pronounced improvement in selectivity toward neoplastic relative to normal cells compared to its parent thiosemicarbazone. It also effectively depleted cellular Fe, resulting in transferrin receptor-1 up-regulation, ferritin down-regulation, and increased expression of the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream regulated gene-1. Significantly, Ap44mSe limited deleterious methemoglobin formation, highlighting its usefulness in overcoming toxicities of clinically relevant thiosemicarbazones. Furthermore, Cu-Ap44mSe mediated intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, which was attenuated by the antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or Cu sequestration. Notably, Ap44mSe forms redox active Cu complexes that target the lysosome to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization. This investigation highlights novel structure-activity relationships for future chemotherapeutic design and underlines the potential of Ap44mSe as a selective anticancer/antimetastatic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Al-Eisawi
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Christian Stefani
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Akanksha Arvind
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Philip C Sharpe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Maram T Basha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - George M Iskander
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Paul V Bernhardt
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland , Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney , Sydney, Level 5, Blackburn Building (D06)New South Wales 2006, Australia
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11
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Azarnia Tehran D, Zanetti G, Leka O, Lista F, Fillo S, Binz T, Shone CC, Rossetto O, Montecucco C, Paradisi C, Mattarei A, Pirazzini M. A Novel Inhibitor Prevents the Peripheral Neuroparalysis of Botulinum Neurotoxins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17513. [PMID: 26670952 PMCID: PMC4680858 DOI: 10.1038/srep17513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) form a large class of potent and deadly neurotoxins. Given their growing number, it is of paramount importance to discover novel inhibitors targeting common steps of their intoxication process. Recently, EGA was shown to inhibit the action of bacterial toxins and viruses exhibiting a pH-dependent translocation step in mammalian cells, by interfering with their entry route. As BoNTs act in the cytosol of nerve terminals, the entry into an appropriate compartment wherefrom they translocate the catalytic moiety is essential for toxicity. Herein we propose an optimized procedure to synthesize EGA and we show that, in vitro, it prevents the neurotoxicity of different BoNT serotypes by interfering with their trafficking. Furthermore, in mice, EGA mitigates botulism symptoms induced by BoNT/A and significantly decreases the lethality of BoNT/B and BoNT/D. This opens the possibility of using EGA as a lead compound to develop novel inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Oneda Leka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Florigio Lista
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Silvia Fillo
- Histology and Molecular Biology Section, Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Via Santo Stefano Rotondo 4, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Thomas Binz
- Institut für Biochemie, OE 4310, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Clifford C. Shone
- Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 OJG, UK
| | - Ornella Rossetto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
- Italian National Research Council Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Paradisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35121, Padova, Italy
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12
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Jiang D, Du Y, Nomura Y, Wang X, Wu Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Mutations in the transmembrane helix S6 of domain IV confer cockroach sodium channel resistance to sodium channel blocker insecticides and local anesthetics. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 66:88-95. [PMID: 26407935 PMCID: PMC5739882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Indoxacarb and metaflumizone are two sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). They preferably bind to and trap sodium channels in the slow-inactivated non-conducting state, a mode of action similar to that of local anesthetics (LAs). Recently, two sodium channel mutations, F1845Y (F(4i15)Y) and V1848I (V(4i18)I), in the transmembrane segment 6 of domain IV (IVS6), were identified to be associated with indoxacarb resistance in Plutella xylostella. F(4i15) is known to be critical for the action of LAs on mammalian sodium channels. Previously, mutation F(4i15)A in a cockroach sodium channel, BgNav1-1a, has been shown to reduce the action of lidocaine, a LA, but not the action of SCBIs. In this study, we introduced mutations F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)A/I individually into the cockroach sodium channel, BgNav1-1a, and conducted functional analysis of the three mutants in Xenopus oocytes. We found that both the F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations reduced the inhibition of sodium current by indoxacarb, DCJW (an active metabolite of indoxacarb) and metaflumizone. F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations also reduced the use-dependent block of sodium current by lidocaine. In contrast, substitution V(4i18)A enhanced the action metaflumizone and lidocaine. These results show that both F(4i15)Y and V(4i18)I mutations may contribute to target-site resistance to SCBIs, and provide the first molecular evidence for common amino acid determinants on insect sodium channels involved in action of SCBIs and LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Laboratory of Insect Toxicology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yuzhe Du
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Xingliang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boris S Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology & Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Neuroscience and Genetics Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Potůčková E, Roh J, Macháček M, Sahni S, Stariat J, Šesták V, Jansová H, Hašková P, Jirkovská A, Vávrová K, Kovaříková P, Kalinowski DS, Richardson DR, Šimůnek T. In Vitro Characterization of the Pharmacological Properties of the Anti-Cancer Chelator, Bp4eT, and Its Phase I Metabolites. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139929. [PMID: 26460540 PMCID: PMC4604124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have a high iron requirement and many experimental studies, as well as clinical trials, have demonstrated that iron chelators are potential anti-cancer agents. The ligand, 2-benzoylpyridine 4-ethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Bp4eT), demonstrates both potent anti-neoplastic and anti-retroviral properties. In this study, Bp4eT and its recently identified amidrazone and semicarbazone metabolites were examined and compared with respect to their anti-proliferative activity towards cancer cells (HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HCT116 human colon carcinoma and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma), non-cancerous cells (H9c2 neonatal rat-derived cardiomyoblasts and 3T3 mouse embryo fibroblasts) and their interaction with intracellular iron pools. Bp4eT was demonstrated to be a highly potent and selective anti-neoplastic agent that induces S phase cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Both semicarbazone and amidrazone metabolites showed at least a 300-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity than Bp4eT towards both cancer and normal cell lines. The metabolites also lost the ability to: (1) promote the redox cycling of iron; (2) bind and mobilize iron from labile intracellular pools; and (3) prevent 59Fe uptake from 59Fe-labeled transferrin by MCF-7 cells. Hence, this study demonstrates that the highly active ligand, Bp4eT, is metabolized to non-toxic and pharmacologically inactive analogs, which most likely contribute to its favorable pharmacological profile. These findings are important for the further development of this drug candidate and contribute to the understanding of the structure-activity relationships of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliška Potůčková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ján Stariat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Šesták
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Jansová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Danuta S. Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Bosch Institute and Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- * E-mail: (TS); (DRR)
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14
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Jansová H, Macháček M, Wang Q, Hašková P, Jirkovská A, Potůčková E, Kielar F, Franz KJ, Simůnek T. Comparison of various iron chelators and prochelators as protective agents against cardiomyocyte oxidative injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 74:210-21. [PMID: 24992833 PMCID: PMC4243170 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a common denominator of numerous cardiovascular disorders. Free cellular iron catalyzes the formation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals, and iron chelation may thus be an effective therapeutic approach. However, using classical iron chelators in diseases without iron overload poses risks that necessitate more advanced approaches, such as prochelators that are activated to chelate iron only under disease-specific oxidative stress conditions. In this study, three cell-membrane-permeable iron chelators (clinically used deferasirox and experimental SIH and HAPI) and five boronate-masked prochelator analogs were evaluated for their ability to protect cardiac cells against oxidative injury induced by hydrogen peroxide. Whereas the deferasirox-derived agents TIP and TRA-IMM displayed negligible protection and even considerable toxicity, the aroylhydrazone prochelators BHAPI and BSIH-PD provided significant cytoprotection and displayed lower toxicity after prolonged cellular exposure compared to their parent chelators HAPI and SIH, respectively. Overall, the most favorable properties in terms of protective efficiency and low inherent cytotoxicity were observed with the aroylhydrazone prochelator BSIH. BSIH efficiently protected both H9c2 rat cardiomyoblast-derived cells and isolated primary rat cardiomyocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced mitochondrial and lysosomal dysregulation and cell death. At the same time, BSIH was nontoxic at concentrations up to its solubility limit (600 μM) and in 72-h incubation. Hence, BSIH merits further investigation for prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disorders associated with a known (or presumed) component of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jansová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Macháček
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 22708, USA
| | - Pavlína Hašková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Potůčková
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 22708, USA
| | | | - Tomáš Simůnek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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15
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Tian X, Sun X, Su J. Biochemical mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2014; 113:8-14. [PMID: 25052521 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The metaflumizone, which belongs to the class of voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, was registered to control Spodoptera exigua on vegetables in China in 2009. The present study revealed S. exigua has developed high resistance to this novel chemistry insecticide shortly after 2-3 years application in Guangdong Province of China. The metabolic mechanisms for metaflumizone resistance in this insect were analysed. The inhibitor of esterases greatly potentiates the toxicity of this chemical against the field resistant populations. The synergism ratio is 5.7 and 3.4-fold for S. exigua collected from Huizhou, Guangdong Province in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The activity of esterases in field populations (HZ12) is also significantly greater than that in the susceptible strain, and further significantly increased by challenge with metaflumizone for 3 generations. However, the inhibitor of P450s or GSTs only has slight synergism on metaflumizone toxicity against resistant populations, and there are no obvious differences in activities of P450s or GSTs between resistant populations and the susceptible strain. These results suggest that esterases might take pivotal role in conferring metabolic resistance to metaflumizone in the field populations of S. exigua, and P450s or GSTs are not involved in this resistance. Moreover, flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FMOs) are discovered to involve in metaflumizone resistance in the field populations of S. exigua. The FMO inhibitor, methimazole, potentiates metaflumizone toxicity in resistant larva of this species substantially. The synergism ratios for methimazole in resistant populations HZ11 and HZ12 were 3.1 and 1.9, respectively. Enzymatic assays also revealed higher FMO activities in resistant populations than in the susceptible strain, and successive selection with metaflumizone further increased the FMO activity in the field resistant population, but not significantly. The higher FMO activities in the older larval stages and in the larval midgut signify the importance of FMO in the detoxification of xenobiotic from food sources. The synergism assay and FMO activity analysis suggest that FMO contributes to metaflumizone detoxification in resistant populations of S. exigua and conferred metaflumizone resistance in S. exigua. A novel mechanism for insecticide resistance by insect was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Tian
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingxing Sun
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianya Su
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Gomes LMF, Vieira RP, Jones MR, Wang MCP, Dyrager C, Souza-Fagundes EM, Da Silva JG, Storr T, Beraldo H. 8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff-base compounds as antioxidants and modulators of copper-mediated Aβ peptide aggregation. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:106-16. [PMID: 25019963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and metal ions such as copper(II) and zinc(II) have been shown to play a role in the aggregation and toxicity of the Aβ peptide, the major constituent of these extracellular aggregates. Metal binding agents can promote the disaggregation of Aβ plaques, and have shown promise as AD therapeutics. Herein, we describe the syntheses and characterization of an acetohydrazone (8-H2QH), a thiosemicarbazone (8-H2QT), and a semicarbazone (8-H2QS) derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. The three compounds are shown to be neutral at pH7.4, and are potent antioxidants as measured by a Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The ligands form complexes with Cu(II), 8-H2QT in a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio, and 8-H2QH and 8-H2QS in a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. A preliminary aggregation inhibition assay using the Aβ1-40 peptide showed that 8-H2QS and 8-H2QH inhibit peptide aggregation in the presence of Cu(II). Native gel electrophoresis/Western blot and TEM images were obtained to give a more detailed picture of the extent and pathways of Aβ aggregation using the more neurotoxic Aβ1-42 in the presence and absence of Cu(II), 8-H2QH, 8-H2QS and the drug candidate PBT2. An increase in the formation of oligomeric species is evident in the presence of Cu(II). However, in the presence of ligands and Cu(II), the results match those for the peptide alone, suggesting that the ligands function by sequestering Cu(II) and limiting oligomer formation in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rafael P Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael C P Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeferson G Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Jagadeesh M, Rashmi HK, Subba Rao Y, Sreenath Reddy A, Prathima B, Uma Maheswari Devi P, Reddy AV. Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 3,4-difluoroacetophenone-thiosemicarbazone and its palladium(II) complex: evaluation of antimicrobial and antitumour activity. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 115:583-587. [PMID: 23871984 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new cis-palladium(II)diaqua(3,4-difluoroacetophenonethiosemicarbazone complex (Pd(II) complex) is synthesized using 3,4-difluoroacetophenonethiosemicarbazone(L). The L and its Pd(II) complex are characterized and confirmed by elemental analyses, electrochemical analyses, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis, HRMS and LC-MS techniques. Ligand L is further characterized by (1)H, (13)C and (19)F NMR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of L is unambiguously characterized by single X-ray crystallography. The ligand (L) belongs to monoclinic system with P2(1)/C space group and the unit cell parameters are a(Å)=9.1144(7), b(Å)=13.7928(7), c(Å)=8.4174(5), α(°)=90, β(°)=100.715, γ(°)=90 and volume V(A(3))=1039.73(11). The Raman bands observed for the L and its Pd(II) complex are in good agreement with the FT-IR spectral data. The Pd(II) complex is found to be highly efficient in inhibiting the growth of human pathogens like Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC value 10.0μg/mL whose inhibition zones are almost comparable with the standard antibiotic. The synthesized compounds have shown antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 by intermitting the regular pathway of ribonucleotidereductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jagadeesh
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
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18
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Schröder J, Noack S, Marhöfer RJ, Mottram JC, Coombs GH, Selzer PM. Identification of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones and triazine nitriles as inhibitors of Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77460. [PMID: 24146999 PMCID: PMC3797739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine proteases of the papain superfamily are present in nearly all eukaryotes. They play pivotal roles in the biology of parasites and inhibition of cysteine proteases is emerging as an important strategy to combat parasitic diseases such as sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease and leishmaniasis. Homology modeling of the mature Leishmania mexicana cysteine protease CPB2.8 suggested that it differs significantly from bovine cathepsin B and thus could be a good drug target. High throughput screening of a compound library against this enzyme and bovine cathepsin B in a counter assay identified four novel inhibitors, containing the warhead-types semicarbazone, thiosemicarbazone and triazine nitrile, that can be used as leads for antiparasite drug design. Covalent docking experiments confirmed the SARs of these lead compounds in an effort to understand the structural elements required for specific inhibition of CPB2.8. This study has provided starting points for the design of selective and highly potent inhibitors of L. mexicana cysteine protease CPB that may also have useful efficacy against other important cysteine proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schröder
- Molecular Discovery Sciences, MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Sandra Noack
- Molecular Discovery Sciences, MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Richard J. Marhöfer
- Molecular Discovery Sciences, MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Graham H. Coombs
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PMS); (GHC)
| | - Paul M. Selzer
- Molecular Discovery Sciences, MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (PMS); (GHC)
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19
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Khakame SK, Wang X, Wu Y. Baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and lack of cross resistance between indoxacarb and metaflumizone in diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J Econ Entomol 2013; 106:1423-1429. [PMID: 23865210 DOI: 10.1603/ec12494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is a serious insect pest of vegetables worldwide, and has evolved resistance to various kinds of insecticides. Studies were conducted to determine the baseline toxicity of metaflumizone and the possibility of cross-resistance between metaflumizone and indoxacarb, two sodium channel blocking insecticides (SCBIs), in field populations of P. xylostella from China. The variation in susceptibility to metaflumizone among 29 field populations of P. xylostella collected from 14 geographical locations in China was less than five-fold, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC50(s)) varying from 1.34 to 6.55 mg/liter. Limited variations in LC50(s) (less than five-fold, ranging from 1.76 to 8.16 mg/liter) were also observed in the four laboratory-selected strains with high levels of resistance to abamectin, spinosad, fipronil, or Bt toxin Cry1Ac. The toxicity of metaflumizone and indoxacarb was compared among 23 out of the 29 field populations. When compared with the susceptible Roth strain, the JN-09B population showed the highest level of resistance to indoxacarb (110-fold), but two-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. The other 22 populations (with 5- to 58-fold of resistance to indoxacarb) had 1- to three-fold tolerance to metaflumizone. Metaflumizone could provide an effective alternative insecticide for diamondback moth management. Although the field populations of P. xylostella tested with various levels of resistance to indoxacarb did not have cross-resistance to metaflumizone, metaflumizone should be rotated with other chemicals of different modes of action instead of indoxacarb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shem K Khakame
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Islam F, Ali SMM, Khanam JA. Hepatoprotective effect of acetone semicarbazone on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma induced carcinogenesis in experimental mice. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:105-10. [PMID: 23593588 PMCID: PMC3627169 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the hepatoprotective effect of acetone semicarbazone (ASC) in vivo in normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) bearing male Swiss albino mice. METHODS Drug-induced changes in biochemical and behavioral parameters at dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight for 14 d and nullifying the toxicity induced by EAC cells were studied. The histopathology studies of the protective effects of ASC on vital organs were also assessed. RESULTS The administration of ASC made insignificant changes in body weight and behavioral (salivation, diarrhea, muscular numbness) changes during treatment period due to minor toxicity were minimized after the treatment in normal mice. The biochemical parameters, including serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamate oxaloactate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum glucose, cholesterol, urea, triglyceride and billirubin changed modestly in normal mice receiving ASC. Though the treatment continued, these values gradually decreased to normal level after the treatment. In EAC bearing mice, the toxic effects due to EAC cells in all cases were nullified by treatment with the ASC. Significant abnormalities were not detected in histology of the various organs of the normal mice treated with ASC. CONCLUSIONS ASC can, therefore, be considered safe in formulating novel anticancer drug, as it exhibits strong protective effect against EAC cell bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Jahan Ara Khanam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
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Rajak H, Singh Thakur B, Singh A, Raghuvanshi K, Sah AK, Veerasamy R, Sharma PC, Singh Pawar R, Kharya MD. Novel limonene and citral based 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles: a natural product coupled approach to semicarbazones for antiepileptic activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:864-8. [PMID: 23265873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of N(4)-(5-(2/3/4-substituted-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N(1)-(2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-enylidene)semicarbazide and N(4)-(5-(2/3/4-substituted-phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-N(1)-(3,7-dimethylocta-3,6-dienylidene)-semicarbazide were synthesized to meet structural prerequisite indispensable for anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant activities of the compounds were investigated using maximal electroshock seizure (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetrtrazole (scPTZ) and subcutaneous strychnine (scSTY) models. The rotorod test was conducted to evaluate neurotoxicity. Some of the selected active compounds were subjected to GABA assay to confirm their mode of action. The outcome of the present investigations proved that the four binding sites pharmacophore model is vital for anticonvulsant activity. The efforts were also made to establish structure-activity relationships among test compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Rajak
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, SLT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur 495 009, CG, India.
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Abstract
A prochelator named BHAPI (N'-(1-(2-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyloxy)phenyl)ethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide) based on the structure of experimental metal chelator HAPI (N'-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyliden]isonicotinoylhydrazide) has been synthesized. The prochelator, which shows limited affinity for metal ions, is converted efficiently upon reaction with hydrogen peroxide into its chelator form, which binds di- and trivalent metal ions, including Zn(2+), Cu(2+) and Fe(3+). This work shows that the prochelator has a protective effect on cells under oxidative stress induced by either hydrogen peroxide or the cytotoxic herbicide paraquat. The effect of BHAPI and HAPI on cellular iron status was assessed by monitoring the mRNA level of the transferrin receptor. Whereas the chelator HAPI induces iron deficiency in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells, the prochelator does not, providing evidence that the differential metal-binding capacity of these compounds observed in vitro is replicated in the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kielar
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 22708, USA. Fax:+1 919 660 1605; Tel: +1 919 660 1541
| | - Marian E. Helsel
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 22708, USA. Fax:+1 919 660 1605; Tel: +1 919 660 1541
| | - Qin Wang
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 22708, USA. Fax:+1 919 660 1605; Tel: +1 919 660 1541
| | - Katherine J. Franz
- Duke University, Department of Chemistry, 124 Science Dr., Durham, NC, 22708, USA. Fax:+1 919 660 1605; Tel: +1 919 660 1541
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Hitchner EM, Kuhar TP, Dively GP, Youngman RR, Philips CR, Anderson TD. Baseline toxicity and field efficacy of metaflumizone on Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Econ Entomol 2012; 105:207-213. [PMID: 22420273 DOI: 10.1603/ec11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Baseline toxicity levels to a novel semicarbazone insecticide, metaflumizone were established for 25 field populations of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae),from North America. Excluding the susceptible laboratory strain, 50% lethal concentrations of metaflumizone ranged from 0.57 to 1.31 ppm, while response slopes ranged from 1.92 to 4.24 (average = 2.93), and were unrelated to the 50% lethal concentration (r = 0.06; P = 0.76). Beetle populations with known resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid also exhibited the highest LC50 levels to metaflumizone suggesting at least the possibility of cross-resistance. Additional experiments using a potato leaf-dip bioassay as well as field efficacy evaluations confirmed the high level of toxicity of metaflumizone to L. decemlineata and demonstrated a potential benefit of tank mixing a low rate of the pyrethroid esfenvalerate with metaflumizone at one-tenth the recommended field rate. These research findings confirm that metaflumizone is highly active against L. decemlineata larvae and adults and could provide an effective alternative insecticide for potato pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Hitchner
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, 216 Price Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0319, USA
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Kapoor P, Fahmi N, Singh RV. Microwave assisted synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical and DNA cleavage studies of lanthanide(III) complexes with coumarin based imines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2011; 83:74-81. [PMID: 21903455 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2011.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present work stems from our interest in the synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of lanthanide(III) complexes of a class of coumarin based imines which have been prepared by the interaction of hydrated lanthanide(III) chloride with the sodium salts of 3-acetylcoumarin thiosemicarbazone (ACTSZH) and 3-acetylcoumarin semicarbazone (ACSZH) in 1:3 molar ratio using thermal as well as microwave method. Characterization of the ligands as well as the metal complexes have been carried out by elemental analysis, melting point determinations, molecular weight determinations, magnetic moment, molar conductance, IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, electronic, EPR, X-ray powder diffraction and mass spectral studies. Spectral studies confirm ligands to be monofunctional bidentate and octahedral environment around metal ions. The redox behavior of one of the synthesized metal complex was investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Further, free ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial as well as DNA cleavage activity. The results of these findings have been presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Siji VL, Kumar MRS, Suma S, Kurup MRP. Synthesis, characterization and physiochemical information, along with antimicrobial studies of some metal complexes derived from an ON donor semicarbazone ligand. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 76:22-28. [PMID: 20347382 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2010.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Eight new transition metal complexes of benzaldehyde-N(4)-phenylsemicarbazone have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, electronic and infrared spectral studies. In all the complexes, the semicarbazone is coordinated as neutral bidentate ligand. (1)H NMR spectrum of [Zn(HL)(2)(OAc)(2)] shows that there is no enolisation of the ligand in the complex. The magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes are paramagnetic and Ni(II) is diamagnetic. The EPR spectrum of [Mn(HL)(2)(OAc)(2)] in DMF solution at 77K shows hyperfine sextet with low intensity forbidden lines lying between each of the two main hyperfine lines. The g values calculated for the [Cu(HL)(2)SO(4)] complex in frozen DMF, indicate the presence of unpaired electron in the d(x)(2) - (y)(2) orbital. The metal ligand bonding parameters evaluated showed strong in-plane sigma bonding and in-plane pi bonding. The ligand and complexes were screened for their possible antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Siji
- Department of Chemistry, M.G. College, Thiruvananthapuram 695004, Kerala, India
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Mullens BA, Gerry AC, Diniz AN. Field and laboratory trials of a novel metaflumizone house fly (Diptera: Muscidae) bait in California. J Econ Entomol 2010; 103:550-556. [PMID: 20429473 DOI: 10.1603/ec09293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
House fly responses to metaflumizone bait were studied in southern California. Field-strain, laboratory-reared flies in outdoor cages had access for 5 d to water and two containers of untreated sugar/dry milk (control), one container of untreated food and one container of metaflumizone bait, or one container of untreated food and one container of spinosad bait (positive control). Most fly mortality occurred between 0 and 48 h for spinosad and between 48 and 96 h for metaflumizone. On a commercial dairy, fly visitation and bait consumption were higher for metaflumizone bait than for sugar or imidacloprid bait. Flies seldom visited or consumed the imidacloprid bait. Approximately 32% of field flies collected directly from metaflumizone bait (single exposure) died when held in the laboratory with untreated food for 72 h versus < 5% mortality for flies from sugar or imidacloprid bait. Individual laboratory-reared females from a field strain and a susceptible laboratory strain were videotaped in the laboratory after exposure to untreated dry milk/sugar, metaflumizone bait, spinosad bait, and imidacloprid bait. Imidacloprid-induced mortality in field strain flies was low; when on the bait they spent proportionally less time feeding (38%) than did the laboratory strain flies (63%). Feeding by the field strain was more variable, and they fed less on all bait/food sources except metaflumizone. Metaflumizone has promise as a relatively slow-acting fly bait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley A Mullens
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Sharma K, Singh R, Fahmi N, Singh RV. Microwave assisted synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of palladium and platinum complexes with azomethines. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 75:422-427. [PMID: 19962340 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene with thiosemicarbazide and semicarbazide hydrochloride resulted in the formation of new heterocyclic ketimines, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene thiosemicarbazone (C(9)H(13)N(3)OS(2) or L(1)H) and 3-acetyl-2,5- dimethylthiophene semicarbazone (C(9)H(13)N(3)OS or L(2)H), respectively. The Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes have been synthesized by mixing metal salts in 1:2 molar ratios with these ligands by using microwave as well as conventional heating method for comparison purposes. The authenticity of these ligands and their complexes has been established on the basis of elemental analysis, melting point determinations, molecular weight determinations, IR, (1)H NMR and UV spectral studies. These studies showed that the ligands coordinate to the metal atom in a monobasic bidentate manner and square planar environment around the metal atoms has been proposed to the complexes. Both the ligands and their complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activities. The antiamoebic activity of both the ligands and their palladium compounds against the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica has been tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
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Shebl M, Seleem HS, El-Shetary BA. Ligational behavior of thiosemicarbazone, semicarbazone and thiocarbohydrazone ligands towards VO(IV), Ce(III), Th(IV) and UO2(VI) ions: synthesis, structural characterization and biological studies. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2010; 75:428-436. [PMID: 19963432 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mono- and binuclear VO(IV), Ce(III), Th(IV) and UO(2)(VI) complexes of thiosemicarbazone, semicarbazone and thiocarbohydrazone ligands derived from 4,6-diacetylresorcinol were synthesized. The structures of these complexes were elucidated by elemental analyses, IR, UV-vis, ESR, (1)H NMR and mass spectra as well as conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermal analyses. The thiosemicarbazone (H(4)L(1)) and the semicarbazone (H(4)L(2)) ligands behave as dibasic pentadentate ligands in case of VO(IV) and UO(2)(VI) complexes, tribasic pentadentate in case of Ce(III) complexes and monobasic pentadentate in case of Th(IV) complexes. However, the thiocarbohydrazone ligand (H(3)L(3)) acts as a monobasic tridentate ligand in all complexes except the VO(IV) complex in which it acts as a dibasic tridentate ligand. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were also tested against Rhizobium bacteria and Fusarium-Oxysporium fungus. The metal complexes of H(4)L(1) ligand showed a higher antibacterial effect than the free ligand while the other ligands (H(4)L(2) and H(3)L(3)) showed a higher effect than their metal complexes. The antifungal effect of all metal complexes is lower than the free ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shebl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt. magdy
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Abstract
The housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), is a pest of great veterinary and public health importance. In this study, the efficacy of metaflumizone granular fly bait was assessed on first generation (F1) housefly adults raised from flies collected at a cattle feedlot in Kansas. All bioassays were conducted as choice tests, with flies having ad libitum access to water, granular sugar and bait. A commercial methomyl-based bait (Golden Malrin) was used as positive control; no bait (water and granular sugar only) was used as negative control. Fly mortality was recorded on days 2, 7 and 14. The metaflumizone bait was significantly more slow-acting than the methomyl bait (mortality rates after 2 days of exposure were 49.9% and 57.9%, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in cumulative mortality later in the bioassays. Cumulative mortality rates on days 7 and 14 were 96.1% (metaflumizone), 91.4% (methomyl) and 99.0% (metaflumizone), 97.6% (methomyl), respectively. Our results demonstrate that the metaflumizone granular fly bait may be an effective modality for incorporation into management programmes for houseflies in and around livestock production facilities as well as in residential settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Siddiqui N, Arshad MF, Khan SA. Synthesis of some new coumarin incorporated thiazolyl semicarbazones as anticonvulsants. Acta Pol Pharm 2009; 66:161-167. [PMID: 19719050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several heteroaryl semicarbazones were prepared by the reaction of heteroaryl hydrazine carboxamide with aryl aldehydes or ketones. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analyses. Compounds were tested for anticonvulsant activity utilizing pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure (PTZ) and maximal electroshock seizure (MES) tests at 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg dose levels. Neurotoxicity of the compounds was also assessed at the same dose levels. Three compounds of the series, 6d, 6i and 6n, exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity at 30 mg/kg dose level comparable to the standard drug, phenytoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Rineh A, Mahmoodi N, Abdollahi M, Foroumadi A, Sorkhi M, Shafiee A. Synthesis, Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-(2-Phenoxyphenyl)semicarbazones. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2007; 340:409-15. [PMID: 17628033 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-(2-phenoxyphenyl)semicarbazones was synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Several compounds (e. g. 10h, 10i, and 11i) were found to be more potent than the reference drug mefenamic acid in the formalin test. Based on the results of an anti-inflammatory study, 1-(1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-4-(2-phenoxyphenyl)semicarbazide 11i was the most active compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Rineh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Kyle
- Discovery Research, Purdue Pharma L.P., 6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, New Jersey 08512, USA.
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Yogeeswari P, Ragavendran JV, Sriram D, Nageswari Y, Kavya R, Sreevatsan N, Vanitha K, Stables J. Discovery of 4-aminobutyric acid derivatives possessing anticonvulsant and antinociceptive activities: a hybrid pharmacophore approach. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2459-67. [PMID: 17451232 DOI: 10.1021/jm061431g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antiepileptic drugs are often utilized in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The present study aims at the design and synthesis of newer gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives with the combination of aryl semicarbazone and the GABA pharmacophores in order to develop a multifunctional drug useful in the treatment of neurological disorders like epilepsy and neuropathic pain. Various GABA semicarbazones were synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant, peripheral analgesic, antiallodynic, and antihyperalgesic activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by the use of their spectral data in addition to elemental analysis. The synthesized derivatives of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA produced anticonvulsant and antinociceptive actions in the acetic acid induced writhing test and peripheral nerve injury (chronic constriction injury and L5 spinal nerve ligation) models of neuropathic pain. The underlying mechanisms are expected to be enhancement of peripheral GABAergic neurotransmission owing to their activity in the scPIC screen and due to various reports on the involvement of GABAergic pathway in peripheral models of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani-333031, India.
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Shalini M, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Induja S. Microwave-assisted synthesis, anticonvulsant activity and quantum mechanical modelling of N-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl) semicarbazones. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2006; 8:45-55. [PMID: 17173362 PMCID: PMC1764922 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.2007.b0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of halo substitution on disubstituted aryl semicarbazones on the anticonvulsant potential and model the activity based on quantum mechanics. METHODS A series of twenty-six compounds of N(4)-(4-bromo-3-methylphenyl) semicarbazones were synthesized and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure threshold tests. Some potential compounds were also tested in the subcutaneous strychnine (scSTY) and subcutaneous picrotoxin (scPIC) seizure threshold tests. The synthesized compounds were tested for behavioral impairment and CNS (central nervous system) depression in mice. Quantum mechanical modelling was carried out on these compounds to gain understanding on the structural features essential for activity. RESULTS Some compounds possessed broad spectrum anticonvulsant activity as indicated by their effect in pentylenetetrazole, strychnine, picrotoxin and maximal electroshock seizures models in resemblance to other aryl semicarbazone derivatives reported earlier. The higher the difference in HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) energy levels was, the greater was the activity profile. CONCLUSION The pharmacophoric requirements for compounds to exhibit anticonvulsant activity that includes one aryl unit in proximity to a hydrogen donor-acceptor domain and an electron donor have been justified with the molecular orbital surface analysis of the synthesized compounds.
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Otero L, Aguirre G, Boiani L, Denicola A, Rigol C, Olea-Azar C, Maya JD, Morello A, González M, Gambino D, Cerecetto H. Nitrofurylsemicarbazone Rhenium and Ruthenium Complexes as Anti-trypanosomal Agents. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:1231-9. [PMID: 16828524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium and ruthenium complexes of the type [Re(V)OCl(2)(PPh(3))L] and [Ru(II)Cl(2)(DMSO)(2)L], where L are 5-nitrofurylsemicarbazone derivatives, were prepared in an effort to obtain new anti-trypanosomal agents combining the recognized biological activity of these metals and the trypanocidal activity of the free ligands. Rhenium complexes resulted unstable in aqueous solution not allowing their use as potential drugs. On the other hand, complexation to ruthenium of the bioactive ligands lead to the lack of antiprotozoa activity even though free radical production and redox cycling induction were detected when the compounds were incubated in presence of Trypanosoma cruzi cells. The lack of anti-trypanosomal activity of ruthenium complexes could be explained on the basis of their high protein binding capacity and their high hydrophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Otero
- Cátedra de Química Inorgánica, DEC, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Wu S, Fluxe A, Janusz JM, Sheffer JB, Browning G, Blass B, Cobum K, Hedges R, Murawsky M, Fang B, Fadayel GM, Hare M, Djandjighian L. Discovery and synthesis of tetrahydroindolone derived semicarbazones as selective Kv1.5 blockers. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:5859-63. [PMID: 16942874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Revised: 08/09/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of tetrahydroindolone-derived semicarbazones has been discovered as potent Kv1.5 blockers. In in vitro studies, several compounds exhibited very good potency for blockade of Kv1.5. Compound 8i showed good selectivity for blockade of Kv1.5 vs hERG and L-type calcium channels. In an anesthetized pig model, compounds 8i and 10c increased atrial ERP about 28%, 18%, respectively, in the right atrium without affecting ventricular ERP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengde Wu
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA.
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Shalini M, Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Kudyar P, Kumar PR, Induja S, Stables JP. Quantum Mechanical Modeling of N4-(2, 5-Disubstituted phenyl) Semicarbazones: Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of N4-(2, 5-dimethylphenyl/ -2-fluoro-5-methyl phenyl) Semicarbazones. Med Chem 2006; 2:617-25. [PMID: 17105444 DOI: 10.2174/1573406410602060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of N4-(2, 5-disubstitutedphenyl) semicarbazones were synthesized and evaluated for the anticonvulsant activity in various animal models of seizures. Quantum mechanical modeling was carried out on these compounds to understand the structural features essential for activity. The higher the difference in HOMO and LUMO energy levels the greater was the activity profile. Substitution with fluoro group on the ortho position of the aryl ring was found to decrease the reactivity and hence the activity profile of aryl semicarbazones, which has been justified with the molecular orbital surface analysis of the synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shalini
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Thirumurugan R, Jeewanlal LR, Jit S, Ragavendran JV, Kavya R, Rakhra K, Saraswat V. Synthesis of N4-(2,4-dimethylphenyl) semicarbazones as 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase inhibitors. Acta Pharm 2006; 56:259-272. [PMID: 19831276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Several 2,4-dimethylphenyl substituted semicarbazones were synthesized in three steps involving aryl urea and aryl semicarbazide formation. The structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. All the compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity by using a series of test models, including maximal electroshock seizure, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole and subcutaneous strychnine seizure threshold tests. The compounds were also evaluated for behavioural impairement and depression activity. In the neurochemical investigation, potent compounds were evaluated for their effects on rat brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and in vitro gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (Pseudomonas fluorescens) activity. Preliminary studies suggest that these compounds exhibit anticonvulsant activity via a GABA-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333031, India.
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Kasuga NC, Onodera K, Nakano S, Hayashi K, Nomiya K. Syntheses, crystal structures and antimicrobial activities of 6-coordinate antimony(III) complexes with tridentate 2-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone, bis(thiosemicarbazone) and semicarbazone ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2006; 100:1176-86. [PMID: 16546259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Five novel antimony(III) complexes with the mono- and bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands of 2N1S or 4N2S donor atoms, N'-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]morpholine-4-carbothiohydrazide (Hmtsc, L1) and bis[N'-[1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidene]]-1,4-piperazinedicarbothiohydrazide (H(2)ptsc, L7), and the tridentate semicarbazone ligand of 2N1O donor atoms, 2-acetylpyridine semicarbazone (Hasc, L2b), were prepared by reactions of SbCl(3) or SbBr(3), and characterized by elemental analysis, TG/DTA, FT-IR and (1)H NMR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structures of five antimony(III) complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The neutral, 6-coordinate antimony(III) complexes ([Sb(mtsc)Cl(2)] 1, [Sb(mtsc)Br(2)] 2, [Sb(asc)Cl(2)] 3 and [Sb(asc)Br(2)] 4) are depicted with one electron pair (5s(2)) of the antimony(III) atom, deprotonated forms of multidentate thiosemicarbazone or semicarbazone ligands, and two monodentate halogen ligands, respectively. In the dimer complex 5 ([Sb(2)(ptsc)Cl(4)]) with the ligand in which two tridentate thiosemicarbazone moieties are connected by the piperazine moiety, each antimony(III) was also described as a neutral 6-coordinate structure. These antimony(III) complexes were thermally stable around 200 degrees C. Water-soluble antimony(III) complexes 1 and 2 showed moderate antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and -negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), yeasts (Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and molds (Aspergillus niger and Penicillium citrinum). Complex 5 showed moderate antimicrobial activities against four bacteria, and two molds, while the ligand itself showed only modest antimicrobial activities against selected bacteria (B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus). The molecular structures and antimicrobial activities of antimony(III) complexes were compared with those of bismuth(III) complexes in the same 15 group in the periodic table.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Chikaraishi Kasuga
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
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Rocha LTS, Costa KA, Oliveira ACP, Nascimento EB, Bertollo CM, Araújo F, Teixeira LR, Andrade SP, Beraldo H, Coelho MM. Antinociceptive, antiedematogenic and antiangiogenic effects of benzaldehyde semicarbazone. Life Sci 2006; 79:499-505. [PMID: 16600310 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Semicarbazones induce an anticonvulsant effect in different experimental models. As some anticonvulsant drugs also have anti-inflammatory activity, the effects of benzaldehyde semicarbazone (BS) on models of nociception, edema and angiogenesis were investigated. BS (10, 25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly inhibited the second phase of nociceptive response induced by formaldehyde (0.34%, 20 microl) in mice, but only the highest dose inhibited the first phase of this response. The thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by carrageenan (1%, 50 microl, i.pl.) in rats were also inhibited by BS (50 mg/kg, i.p.). However, treatment of mice with BS did not induce an antinociceptive effect in the hot-plate model. The paw edema induced by carrageenan (1%, 50 microl, i.pl.) in rats was inhibited by BS (25 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.). Treatment of mice with BS (0.25, 0.5 or 2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p., 7 days) also inhibited angiogenesis induced by subcutaneous implantation of a sponge disc. It is unlikely that the antinociceptive effect induced by BS results from motor incoordination or a muscle relaxing effect, as the mice treated with this drug displayed no behavioral impairment in the rotarod apparatus. In conclusion, we demonstrated that BS presents antinociceptive, antiedematogenic and antiangiogenic activities. An extensive investigation of the pharmacological actions of BS and its derivatives is justified and may lead to the development of new clinically useful drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Tadeu S Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ilyin VI, Pomonis JD, Whiteside GT, Harrison JE, Pearson MS, Mark L, Turchin PI, Gottshall S, Carter RB, Nguyen P, Hogenkamp DJ, Olanrewaju S, Benjamin E, Woodward RM. Pharmacology of 2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]-pyrimidine-4-carboxamide: A Potent, Broad-Spectrum State-Dependent Sodium Channel Blocker for Treating Pain States. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:1083-93. [PMID: 16728593 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.104737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated Na(+) channels may play important roles in establishing pathological neuronal hyperexcitability associated with chronic pain in humans. Na(+) channel blockers, such as carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG), are efficacious in treating neuropathic pain; however, their therapeutic utility is compromised by central nervous system side effects. We reasoned that it may be possible to gain superior control over pain states and, in particular, a better therapeutic index, by designing broad-spectrum Na(+) channel blockers with higher potency, faster onset kinetics, and greater levels of state dependence than existing drugs. 2-[4-(4-Chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)phenyl]-pyrimidine-4-carboxamide (PPPA) is a novel structural analog of the state-dependent Na(+) channel blocker V102862 [4-(4-fluorophenoxy)benzaldehyde semicarbazone]. Tested on recombinant rat Na(v)1.2 channels and native Na(+) currents in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, PPPA was approximately 1000 times more potent, had 2000-fold faster binding kinetics, and > or =10-fold higher levels of state dependence than CBZ and LTG. Tested in rat pain models against mechanical endpoints, PPPA had minimal effective doses of 1 to 3 mg/kg p.o. in partial sciatic nerve ligation, Freund's complete adjuvant, and postincisional pain. In all cases, efficacy was similar to clinically relevant comparators. Importantly, PPPA did not produce motor deficits in the accelerating Rotarod assay of ataxia at doses up to 30 mg/kg p.o., indicating a therapeutic index >10, which was superior to CBZ and LTG. Our experiments suggest that high-potency, broad-spectrum, state-dependent Na(+) channel blockers will have clinical utility for treating neuropathic, inflammatory, and postsurgical pain. Optimizing the biophysical parameters of broad-spectrum voltage-gated Na(+) channel blockers may lead to improved pain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Ilyin
- Discovery Research, Purdue Pharma LP, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA.
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Adkison KK, Barrett DG, Deaton DN, Gampe RT, Hassell AM, Long ST, McFadyen RB, Miller AB, Miller LR, Payne JA, Shewchuk LM, Wells-Knecht KJ, Willard DH, Wright LL. Semicarbazone-based inhibitors of cathepsin K, are they prodrugs for aldehyde inhibitors? Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:978-83. [PMID: 16290936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.10.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 10/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from potent aldehyde inhibitors with poor drug properties, derivatization to semicarbazones led to the identification of a series of semicarbazone-based cathepsin K inhibitors with greater solubility and better pharmacokinetic profiles than their parent aldehydes. Furthermore, a representative semicarbazone inhibitor attenuated bone resorption in an ex vivo rat calvarial bone resorption model. However, based on enzyme inhibition comparisons at neutral pH, semicarbazone hydrolysis rates, and 13C NMR experiments, these semicarbazones probably function as prodrugs of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim K Adkison
- Department of Research Bioanalysis and Drug Metabolism, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Thirumurugan R, Sriram D, Saxena A, Stables J, Yogeeswari P. 2,4-Dimethoxyphenylsemicarbazones with anticonvulsant activity against three animal models of seizures: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:3106-12. [PMID: 16413192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Various 2,4-dimethoxyphenylsemicarbazones were synthesized starting from 2,4-dimethoxyaniline via a phenylcarbamate intermediate. The structures were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. The anticonvulsant activity of the synthesized compounds was established after intraperitoneal administration in three seizure models in mice which include maximal electroshock seizure, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole, and subcutaneous strychnine-induced seizure screens. Nine compounds exhibited protection in all the three seizure models, and N1-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N4-(propan-2-one)semicarbazone (17) emerged as the most active compound with no neurotoxicity. These compounds were found to elevate gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the midbrain and medulla oblongata regions equipotent to clobazam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinasabapathy Thirumurugan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Thirumurugan R, Raghavendran JV, Sudhan K, Pavana RK, Stables J. Discovery of N-(2,6-Dimethylphenyl)-Substituted Semicarbazones as Anticonvulsants: Hybrid Pharmacophore-Based Design. J Med Chem 2005; 48:6202-11. [PMID: 16190747 DOI: 10.1021/jm050283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common primary neurological disorder known. In the past decade, various aryl semicarbazones have been designed that were structurally dissimilar from many common anticonvulsants containing the dicarboximide function (CONRCO), which may contribute to toxic side effects. In the present work various N4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) semicarbazones were designed as pharmacophore hybrids between the aryl semicarbazones and ameltolide. A three-dimensional four-point pharmacophore model was developed for anticonvulsants, and the title compounds were found to match with ralitoline. All of the compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock test when administered by both intraperitoneal and oral routes. Compound N1-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N4-(2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) semicarbazone (9) emerged as a prototype with wide spectrum anticonvulsant agent active in five models of seizure with no neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. Compound 9 increased the 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level by 118% and inhibited the GABA transaminase enzyme both in vitro and ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perumal Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.
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Ilyin VI, Hodges DD, Whittemore ER, Carter RB, Cai SX, Woodward RM. V102862 (Co 102862): a potent, broad-spectrum state-dependent blocker of mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels. Br J Pharmacol 2005; 144:801-12. [PMID: 15778702 PMCID: PMC1576061 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
1. 4-(4-Fluorophenoxy)benzaldehyde semicarbazone (V102862) was initially described as an orally active anticonvulsant with robust activity in a variety of rodent models of epilepsy. The mechanism of action was not known. We used whole-cell patch-clamp techniques to study the effects of V102862 on native and recombinant mammalian voltage-gated Na+ channels. 2. V102862 blocked Na+ currents (I(Na)) in acutely dissociated cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Potency increased with membrane depolarization, suggesting a state-dependent mechanism of inhibition. There was no significant effect on the voltage dependence of activation of I(Na). 3. The dissociation constant for the inactivated state (K(I)) was approximately 0.6 microM, whereas the dissociation constant for the resting state (K(R)) was >15 microM. 4. The binding to inactivated channels was slow, requiring a few seconds to reach steady state at -80 mV. 5. The mechanism of inhibition was characterized in more detail using human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably expressing rat brain type IIA Na+ (rNa(v)1.2) channels, a major Na+ channel alpha subunit in rat hippocampal neurons. Similar to hippocampal neurons, V102862 was a potent state-dependent blocker of rNa(v)1.2 channels with a K(I) of approximately 0.4 microM and K(R) approximately 30 microM. V102862 binding to inactivated channels was relatively slow (k(+) approximately = 1.7 microM(-1) s(-1)). V102862 shifted the steady-state availability curve in the hyperpolarizing direction and significantly retarded recovery of Na+ channels from inactivation. 6. These results suggest that inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels is a major mechanism underlying the anticonvulsant properties of V102862. Moreover, understanding the biophysics of the interaction may prove to be useful in designing a new generation of potent Na+ channel blocker therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor I Ilyin
- Discovery Research, Purdue Pharma LP, 6 Cedar Brook Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512-3612, USA.
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Dutta S, Padhye S, Priyadarsini KI, Newton C. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of curcumin semicarbazone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:2738-44. [PMID: 15878268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2005] [Accepted: 04/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new semicarbazone derivative of curcumin (CRSC) was synthesized and examined for its antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiradical activity and compared with those of curcumin (CR). The antioxidant activity was tested by their ability to inhibit radiation induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. The antiproliferative activity was tested by studying the in vitro activity of CRSC against estrogen dependant breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Kinetics of reaction of (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazide) DPPH, a stable hydrogen abstracting free radical was studied to measure the antiradical activity using stopped-flow spectrophotometer. Finally one-electron oxidized radicals of CRSC were generated and characterized by pulse radiolysis. The results suggest that the probable site of attack for CRSC is both the phenolic OH and the imine carbonyl position. CRSC shows efficient antioxidant and antiproliferative activity although its antiradical activity is less than that of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, India.
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Dimmock JR, Gunda SGR, Vashishtha SC, Zello GA, Das U, Nienaber KH, Stables JP, Allen TM, Santos CL. Anticonvulsants containing the N-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl) amido pharmacophore. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2005; 19:303-12. [PMID: 15558945 DOI: 10.1080/14756360409162442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1-(3-aryl-2-propenoyl)-4-oxopiperidines (1) as well as some related semicarbazones (2) and thiosemicarbazones (3) were prepared in order to determine whether the relative locations of aryl rings and amidic groups would lead to novel anticonvulsant agents. Initially the compounds were administered intraperitoneally to mice and examined in the maximal electroshock (MES), subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) and neurotoxicity (NT) screens. The biodata revealed that anticonvulsant properties were displayed by most of the compounds in series (1), in half of the semicarbazones (2) while protection was absent by members of series (3). Molecular modeling was utilized in order to compare the positions of a phenyl ring in relation to amidic groups in representative compounds in series (1-3) with previously reported anticonvulsant agents. Molecular simplification of 4-oxo-1-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyl)piperidine (la) led to 1-(3-phenyl-2-propenoyl)piperidine (7) and N,N-diethylcinnamamide (8) with retention of anticonvulsant properties. Both (la) and (8) afforded protection in the hippocampal kindling screen in rats. When administered orally to rats, (la) and (8) demonstrated activity in the MES screen and in the case of (8), a huge protection index was observed revealing it to be an important lead compound. The IC50 values of all of the compounds towards murine P388 cells were in excess of 50 microM while several compounds displayed cytotoxicity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Dimmock
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada.
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48
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Yogeeswari P, Sriram D, Veena V, Kavya R, Rakhra K, Ragavendran JV, Mehta S, Thirumurugan R, Stables JP. Synthesis of aryl semicarbazones as potential anticonvulsant agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2005; 59:51-5. [PMID: 15740936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-ethoxyphenyl semicarbazones (1-10) have been synthesized using an appropriate synthetic route and characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data. The anticonvulsant activity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against maximal electroshock induced seizures (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) induced seizure models in mice. The neurotoxicity was assessed using the rotorod method. All the test compounds were administered at doses of 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg body weight and the anticonvulsant activity was noted at 0.5 and 4 h time intervals after the drug administration. Among the compounds tested, compounds except 3, 4 and 10 showed protection from seizures in both the animal models. Compounds 6 and 8 were found to increase gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in the medulla oblongata region of the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yogeeswari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.
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Abstract
The more significant bioactivities of a variety of semicarbazones (anti-protozoa, anticonvulsant) and thiosemicarbazones (antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, antiviral) and their metal complexes are reviewed together with proposed mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships. Clinical or potential pharmacological applications of these versatile compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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50
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Aggarwal N, Mishra P. Synthesis of 4-aryl substituted semicarbazones of some terpenes as novel anticonvulsants. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2004; 7:260-4. [PMID: 15367384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A series of 4-aryl substituted semicarbazones of citral and R- (-) carvone were designed and synthesized to meet the structural requirements essential for anticonvulsant activity. METHODS TLC evaluated purity of synthesized compounds and their structure confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by nitrogen estimation. All the compounds were evaluated for anticonvulsant activity by maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous metrazol (ScMet) induced seizure methods and minimal motor impairment was determined by rotorod test. RESULTS All the synthesized compounds exhibited significant protection after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration in MES. Seventy two percent of the compounds exhibited protection in ScMet test. Some of them also showed good activity after oral administration. The results showed that anticonvulsants with cyclic and acyclic terpenoid moiety retain activity in MES as well as ScMet test. The p-fluoro aryl substituted semicarbazones emerged as the most active analogue in both cyclic and acyclic terpenes. CONCLUSION Semicarbazones with terpenoid as the lipophilic moiety resulted in compounds with broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity and therefore, they may be utilized for the future development of novel anticonvulsants with broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activity. The results also validated pharmacophore model with four binding sites essential for anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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