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Di Conza G, Tsai CH, Gallart-Ayala H, Yu YR, Franco F, Zaffalon L, Xie X, Li X, Xiao Z, Raines LN, Falquet M, Jalil A, Locasale JW, Percipalle P, Masson D, Huang SCC, Martinon F, Ivanisevic J, Ho PC. Tumor-induced reshuffling of lipid composition on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane sustains macrophage survival and pro-tumorigenic activity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1403-1415. [PMID: 34686867 PMCID: PMC7611917 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) display pro-tumorigenic phenotypes for supporting tumor progression in response to microenvironmental cues imposed by tumor and stromal cells. However, the underlying mechanisms by which tumor cells instruct TAM behavior remain elusive. Here, we uncover that tumor-cell-derived glucosylceramide stimulated unconventional endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses by inducing reshuffling of lipid composition and saturation on the ER membrane in macrophages, which induced IRE1-mediated spliced XBP1 production and STAT3 activation. The cooperation of spliced XBP1 and STAT3 reinforced the pro-tumorigenic phenotype and expression of immunosuppressive genes. Ablation of XBP1 expression with genetic manipulation or ameliorating ER stress responses by facilitating LPCAT3-mediated incorporation of unsaturated lipids to the phosphatidylcholine hampered pro-tumorigenic phenotype and survival in TAMs. Together, we uncover the unexpected roles of tumor-cell-produced lipids that simultaneously orchestrate macrophage polarization and survival in tumors via induction of ER stress responses and reveal therapeutic targets for sustaining host antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yi-Ru Yu
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Franco
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Lea Zaffalon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Xin Xie
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Infections and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Lydia N Raines
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maryline Falquet
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Jalil
- Lipids Nutrition Cancer-LNC, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Program in Biology, Division of Science and Mathematics, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Masson
- Lipids Nutrition Cancer-LNC, INSERM-Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fabio Martinon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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Alomari AK, Tharp AW, Umphress B, Kowal RP. The utility of PRAME immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of challenging melanocytic tumors. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:1115-1123. [PMID: 33660310 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PRAME (PReferentially expressed Antigen in Melanoma) immunohistochemistry has demonstrated high specificity for unequivocal melanomas; however, its utility in ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms has yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS Cases of challenging melanocytic neoplasms were subclassified into one of three categories: challenging, favor benign (FB), challenging, cannot be subclassified (CCS), or challenging, favor malignant (FM). Using a previously published system, whereby cases with diffuse staining (>75%) were considered positive, scoring of PRAME was performed. Additionally, tumors with hotspot staining were also considered positive. RESULTS Sixteen out of 85 tumors showed positive staining representing 5% of FB tumors, 24% of CCS tumors, and 47% of FM. In FB and CCS tumors, positive staining was mainly encountered in atypical intraepidermal melanocytic proliferations and spitzoid neoplasms. The specificity of positive PRAME staining was 95% and its concordance with the final diagnostic interpretation was 75%. CONCLUSIONS PRAME positivity is more common in neoplasms favored to be malignant by histopathologic evaluation. Its clinical utility may include early diagnosis of incipient melanoma in situ. Rarely, benign melanocytic neoplasms could show diffuse expression of PRAME, and additional studies are needed to determine optimal utilization. Lastly, hotspot staining may increase its sensitivity without much compromise in specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Alomari
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrew W Tharp
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Brandon Umphress
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rachel P Kowal
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Karamanou K, Franchi M, Proult I, Rivet R, Vynios D, Brézillon S. Lumican Inhibits In Vivo Melanoma Metastasis by Altering Matrix-Effectors and Invadopodia Markers. Cells 2021; 10:841. [PMID: 33917849 PMCID: PMC8068222 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It was reported that lumican inhibits the activity of metalloproteinase MMP-14 and melanoma cell migration in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, Snail triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the metastatic potential of cancer cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of lumican on Mock and Snail overexpressing melanoma B16F1 cells in vivo. Lung metastasis was analyzed after intravenous injections of Mock-B16F1 and Snail-B16F1 cells in Lum+/+ and Lum-/- mice. At day 14, mice were sacrificed, and lungs were collected. The number of lung metastatic nodules was significantly higher in mice injected with Snail-B16F1 cells as compared to mice injected with Mock-B16F1 cells confirming the pro-metastatic effect of Snail. This effect was stronger in Lum-/- mice as compared to Lum+/+, suggesting that endogenous lumican of wild-type mice significantly inhibits metastasis to lungs. Scanning electron and confocal microscopy investigations demonstrated that lumican inhibits the development of elongated cancer cell phenotypes which are known to develop invadopodia releasing MMPs. Moreover, lumican was shown to affect the expression of cyclin D1, cortactin, vinculin, hyaluronan synthase 2, heparanase, MMP-14 and the phosphorylation of FAK, AKT, p130 Cas and GSK3α/β. Altogether, these data demonstrated that lumican significantly inhibits lung metastasis in vivo, as well as cell invasion in vitro, suggesting that a lumican-based strategy targeting Snail-induced metastasis could be useful for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Karamanou
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, 51100 Reims, France; (K.K.); (I.P.); (R.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26501 Patras, Greece;
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47922 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Isabelle Proult
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, 51100 Reims, France; (K.K.); (I.P.); (R.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
| | - Romain Rivet
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, 51100 Reims, France; (K.K.); (I.P.); (R.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
| | - Demitrios Vynios
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26501 Patras, Greece;
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- CNRS UMR 7369, Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, 51100 Reims, France; (K.K.); (I.P.); (R.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims, France
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Mestre-Alagarda C, Nieto G, Terrádez L, Monteagudo C. Primary cutaneous biphasic sarcomatoid basal cell carcinoma with myoepithelial carcinoma differentiation: A new variant. J Cutan Pathol 2019; 46:949-953. [PMID: 31278765 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Isolated cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with partial myoepithelial component have been described. However, myoepithelial differentiation has not been described in sarcomatoid basal cell carcinomas, which usually show features resembling osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, or leiomyosarcoma. We report a case of an 87-year-old man with a forehead lesion that histologically showed a minor component of conventional nodular BCC in transition with a major biphasic sarcomatoid growth composed of invasive spindle-cell and epithelial-like components, the latter with a reticular pattern and scattered ductal structures. Both components showed cytological atypia and high mitotic rate (26/10HPF), with atypical mitotic figures. BER-EP4 immunostaining was exclusively found in the nodular BCC component whereas the sarcomatoid component revealed immunostaining for α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), muscle-specific actin (MSA), calponin, and p63 in both epithelial-like and spindle-cell populations. Focal immunoreactivity was observed in the epithelial component for S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Furthermore, EWSR1-PBX1 gene fusion was also detected. This is to our knowledge, the first fully documented case of biphasic sarcomatoid BCC with myoepithelial carcinoma differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mestre-Alagarda
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gema Nieto
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Liria Terrádez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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van den Berg MCW, MacCarthy-Morrogh L, Carter D, Morris J, Ribeiro Bravo I, Feng Y, Martin P. Proteolytic and Opportunistic Breaching of the Basement Membrane Zone by Immune Cells during Tumor Initiation. Cell Rep 2019; 27:2837-2846.e4. [PMID: 31167131 PMCID: PMC6581915 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-related inflammation impacts significantly on cancer development and progression. From early stages, neutrophils and macrophages are drawn to pre-neoplastic cells in the epidermis, but before directly interacting, they must first breach the underlying extracellular matrix barrier layer that includes the basement membrane. Using several different skin cancer models and a collagen I-GFP transgenic zebrafish line, we have undertaken correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) to capture the moments when immune cells traverse the basement membrane. We show evidence both for active proteolytic burrowing and for the opportunistic use of pre-existing weak spots in the matrix layer. We show that these small holes, as well as much larger, cancer cell-generated or wound-triggered gaps in the matrix barrier, provide portals for immune cells to access cancer cells in the epidermis and thus are rate limiting in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike C W van den Berg
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Lucy MacCarthy-Morrogh
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Deborah Carter
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Josephine Morris
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Isabel Ribeiro Bravo
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK; School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Abstract
The authors describe the ultrastructure of 2 dermatofibromas. Fibroblasts, the prevailing cellular component, showed different aspects related to a grading of their functional activity. No features of collagenogenesis were observed. Mast cells were also present, and nerve endings were found in subepidermal areas.
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Senatore S, Zizzi L, D'Astore D, Saccani Jotti G, Gabrielli M. Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Skin (Merkel Cell Carcinoma): Immunocytochemical Study of a Case. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 3:129-34. [PMID: 2468723 DOI: 10.1177/172460088800300210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunocytochemical phenotype was evaluated in a case of Merkel cell carcinoma of the skin. Intermediate filaments, i.e. neurofilament, glial fibrillary acid protein, cytokeratins, keratin and panfilament as well as S-100 protein, calcitonin and epithelial membrane antigen were detected by immunoperoxidase methods. Nodular positivity for neurofilament was observed. The remaining intermediate filaments and other markers were negative. Thus the origin of Merkel cell carcinoma appears uncertain and this tumor probably has neuroendocrine activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senatore
- Department of Pathology, Hospital A. Di Summa, Brindisi, Italy
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Moretti S, Santucci M, Brogelli L, Palermo A, Reali UM, Pimpinelli N, Fattorossi A. Multiple Marker Studies on a Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma with Primary Cutaneous Localization. Tumori 2018; 74:609-15. [PMID: 2851202 DOI: 10.1177/030089168807400520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Continuing controversy exists concerning a possible relation between neoplastic cells of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and the mononuclear phagocyte system. The aim of this study was to investigate the membrane and cytoenzymatic phenotype of a primary cutaneous MFH, storiform pleomorphic type, and to compare these data with ultrastructural observations. Cytoplasmic proteins (acid phosphatase, non specific esterase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and lysozyme) suggestive of a mononuclear phagocyte origin were demonstrated in varying amounts in neoplastic cells infiltrating the dermis. Consistent with these data, two (LeuM3 and OKM5) out of four (OKM1 and LeuM1) monoclonal antibodies directed against mononuclear phagocyte antigens stained most of the neoplastic cells. Class II MCH antigens (DR and DQ) were variably expressed on distinct groups of neoplastic cells, suggesting different activation/differentiation states. The results favor the view that the present case of primary cutaneous MFH was of mononuclear phagocyte origin. However, the observed phenotypic profile was expressed on neoplastic cells irrespective of their ultrastructural morphology (histiocytic or fibroblastic). Together with previous data in the literature, the latter finding corroborates the view that distinction between these two cell types in MFH is likely to reflect divergent growth and differentiation patterns rather than histogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moretti
- Clinica Dermatologica II, Università di Firenze, Italia
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Abstract
The ultrastructural findings of a case of Stewart-Treves syndrome are reported. The authors believe that some features, never described before, confirm the truly vascular nature of this neoplasm.
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Shi G, Wu YY, Zhou Y, Li SJ, Fan YM. Nevus anelasticus in a school-aged girl: ultrastructural observation and Er:YAG laser treatment. Eur J Dermatol 2018; 28:125-126. [PMID: 29336318 DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2017.3191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
In two earlier communications (Chatterjee et al 2012 Nanotechnology 23 085103, Chatterjee et al 2014 Nanotechnology 25 135101), we reported the development of a simple and unique method of synthesizing highly stable metallic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) with high antibacterial activity. Here we report on the cytotoxic potency of the NPs against cancer cells. The value of the IC50 dose of the Cu NPs against human skin cancer cell A-375 was found to be 1.71 μg ml-1 only, which was much less than values reported so far, and this concentration had no cytotoxic effect on normal white blood cells. The NPs caused (i) lowering of cell membrane rigidity, (ii) DNA degradation, (iii) chromosomal condensation, (iv) cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, (v) depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane and (vi) apoptosis of cells. Cellular apoptosis occurred in the caspase-9-mediated intrinsic pathway. This study revealed that our Cu NPs had high anticancer properties by killing tumor cells through the apoptotic pathway. Since this particle has high antibacterial activity, our Cu NPs might be developed in future as a dual action drug-anticancer as well as antibacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
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Valdebran M, Elbendary A, Chaitanya Arudra SK, Torres KM, Elattar I, Elston DM. Nuclear and cytoplasmic features in the diagnosis of banal nevi, Spitz nevi, and melanoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:1032-1037.e8. [PMID: 27542585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many authors have described cytologic features in a variety of melanocytic lesions but, to our knowledge, a statistical analysis of sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of these features alone or in combination has not been performed. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the diagnostic value of nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics in the diagnosis of melanocytic lesions via multivariate statistical analysis. METHODS This is a retrospective observational study conducted on 300 melanocytic lesions. We evaluated a series of distinctive features; subsequently a multivariate model was used to determine sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Major features that favor a diagnosis of melanoma include: pleomorphism with enlarged nuclei, mitotic figures, notching/corrugation of the nuclear envelope, and peppered moth nucleus. Features with intermediate value include: solid hyperchromasia, vesicular nucleus with single round nucleolus, and nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio greater than 4:1. LIMITATIONS Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, and the reliance on the original diagnostic classification of each neoplasm. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that some nuclear alterations have greater value in the diagnosis of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Elbendary
- Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York, New York; Department of Dermatology, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Inas Elattar
- Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Kasr Al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dirk M Elston
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
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Suzuki H, Baba S, Tsuchiyama H, Watabe T, Matsuo T. Cytoplasmic fine network and mitochondria in normal and abnormal cultured keratinocytes: an electron microscopic study using whole-cell observation technique. Curr Probl Dermatol 2015; 11:215-25. [PMID: 6197243 DOI: 10.1159/000408677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic fine structures of both normal human cultured keratinocytes (NHK) and squamous cell carcinoma cells (HSC) were examined by electron microscopy using the whole-cell preparation method and stereo-viewing techniques. The presence of cytoplasmic fine network (CFN) was confirmed in both NHK and HSC, but the structures of the two were found to be radically different. In particular, the mitochondria showed a number of distinct morphological differences. The introduction of cytochalasin B and colchicine into HSC partially destroyed the CFN, and, as a result, the morphology of the HSC mitochondria changed to become similar to those of NHK. It seems that the CFN may have an important role in determining the shape of the cell organelles, such as mitochondria, and that the shape of the mitochondria may perhaps be used as an indication of cell malignancy.
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Wu PC, Hsieh TY, Tsai ZU, Liu TM. In vivo quantification of the structural changes of collagens in a melanoma microenvironment with second and third harmonic generation microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8879. [PMID: 25748390 PMCID: PMC4352861 DOI: 10.1038/srep08879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Using in vivo second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) microscopies, we tracked the course of collagen remodeling over time in the same melanoma microenvironment within an individual mouse. The corresponding structural and morphological changes were quantitatively analyzed without labeling using an orientation index (OI), the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) method, and the intensity ratio of THG to SHG (RTHG/SHG). In the early stage of melanoma development, we found that collagen fibers adjacent to a melanoma have increased OI values and SHG intensities. In the late stages, these collagen networks have more directionality and less homogeneity. The corresponding GLCM traces showed oscillation features and the sum of squared fluctuation VarGLCM increased with the tumor sizes. In addition, the THG intensities of the extracellular matrices increased, indicating an enhanced optical inhomogeneity. Multiplying OI, VarGLCM, and RTHG/SHG together, the combinational collagen remodeling (CR) index at 4 weeks post melanoma implantation showed a 400-times higher value than normal ones. These results validate that our quantitative indices of SHG and THG microscopies are sensitive enough to diagnose the collagen remodeling in vivo. We believe these indices have the potential to help the diagnosis of skin cancers in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Yuan Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Uong Tsai
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Narisawa Y, Koba S, Nagase K, Inoue T, Misago N, Hashimoto K. Ultrastructural studies of perichromatin granules with special references to Merkel cell carcinoma. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:571-6. [PMID: 24845804 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1468-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Since it has been convincingly demonstrated that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV), a new type of virus, isolated in 2008, induces some of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), we searched MCPyV in specimens taken from MCC patients by electron microscopy. The purpose of this communication is to report the presence of perichromatin granules (PCGs), which can be misinterpreted as virus-like particles (VLP). Tissues from several cutaneous tumors including MCC were examined by electron microscopy (EM). EM revealed intranuclear and spherical electron-dense particles with halo, approximately 55 nm in diameter suggesting possible VLP. However, granular structures were detected in MCPyV DNA positive and also negative MCC. Moreover, the same structures were detected in the tumor cells of SCC associated with MCC, those of malignant melanoma (MM), schwannoma, and also in the lesional melanocyte, fibroblast, apoptotic cell and mitotic cell. Since MCPyV DNA could not be detected in collision MCC with SCC, MM and schwannoma, this observation could mean that the granular structures we dealt with in this report represent PCGs, but not VLP and show an absence of viral particles in MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Narisawa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga, 849-8501, Japan,
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Hirako Y, Yonemoto Y, Yamauchi T, Nishizawa Y, Kawamoto Y, Owaribe K. Isolation of a hemidesmosome-rich fraction from a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Exp Cell Res 2014; 324:172-82. [PMID: 24726610 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes are cell-to-matrix adhesion complexes anchoring keratinocytes to basement membranes. For the first time, we present a method to prepare a fraction from human cultured cells that are highly enriched in hemidesmosomal proteins. Using DJM-1 cells derived from human squamous cell carcinoma, accumulation of hemidesmosomes was observed when these cells were cultured for more than 10 days in a commercial serum-free medium without supplemental calcium. Electron microscopy demonstrated that numerous electron-dense adhesion structures were present along the basal cell membranes of DJM-1 cells cultured under the aforementioned conditions. After removing cellular materials using an ammonia solution, hemidesmosomal proteins and deposited extracellular matrix were collected and separated by electrophoresis. There were eight major polypeptides, which were determined to be plectin, BP230, BP180, integrin α6 and β4 subunits, and laminin-332 by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Therefore, we designated this preparation as a hemidesmosome-rich fraction. This fraction contained laminin-332 exclusively in its unprocessed form, which may account for the promotion of laminin deposition, and minimal amounts of Lutheran blood group protein, a nonhemidesmosomal transmembrane protein. This hemidesmosome-rich fraction would be useful not only for biological research on hemidesmosomes but also for developing a serum test for patients with blistering skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Hirako
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Yuki Yonemoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoe Yamauchi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishizawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawamoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Katsushi Owaribe
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Rusu MC. Skin telopodes. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2014; 55:723-724. [PMID: 25178353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mugurel Constantin Rusu
- Discipline of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania;
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Tokuriki A, Kiyohara T, Kumakiri M. Electron-microscopy of cherry haemangioma in the early diagnosis of Fabry disease. Acta Derm Venereol 2013; 93:471-2. [PMID: 23138542 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mirancea N, Moroşanu AM, Mirancea GV, Juravle FD, Mănoiu VS. Infrastructure of the telocytes from tumor stroma in the skin basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2013; 54:1025-1037. [PMID: 24398998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we focus our interest on the ultrastructure of telocytes (TCs) present inside of tumor-stroma in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Tumor-stroma cooperation is necessary for tumor growth, invasive behavior and ectopic development of microtumors. There is a plethora of reports about the role of different stromal cell types in tumor evolution in the human body. In this line, almost nothing is known about the recently identified interstitial cell type called telocyte (TC). To our best knowledge, this is the first study to publish TCs in malignant tumors, namely BCC and SCC. Here, we described the infrastructural aspects of TCs as well as their relationships with other tumor stroma components. TC from the tumor stroma has cell body where the nucleus is located and exhibits two (rarely more) very long cell extensions of tens (over 60-100 μm) termed telopodes. A telopode appears as an alternation of very thin segments called podomers and dilated segments called podomes, which accommodate mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton, caveolae, as well as coated vesicles. TCs establish homocellular junctions leading to a 3-D network inside of peritumoral stroma. TCs may play an important role in intercellular signaling via stromal synapses and shed microvesicle transfer. Comparative evaluation with normal dermal skin showed that telocytes from tumor stroma have a very restraint number of heterocellular junctions. The limitation of TCs heterocellular junctions suggests a possible involvement in induction of cell-cell communication alterations into the peritumoral stroma and, consequently, into the whole tumor mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mirancea
- Department of Plant and Animal Cytobiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, Romania;
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Guenova E, Eberle FC, Metzler G, Schaller M. Residents’ corner November 2012. CarpeDIEM--Dermatological indications for electron microscopy: disseminated epidermolytic acanthomas. Eur J Dermatol 2012; 22:822-823. [PMID: 23397610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuella Guenova
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Friedrich RE, Holstein AF, Middendorff R, Davidoff MS. Vascular wall cells contribute to tumourigenesis in cutaneous neurofibromas of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. A comparative histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:2139-2158. [PMID: 22593502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumours. They occur sporadically, singly or few in number, and in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), an autosomal inherited disease. These tumours are composed of different cell types, e.g. nerve cells (axons and axon sheaths), Schwann cells, mast cells, and fibroblasts. The local control of tumour growth in NF1 is poorly understood. Identification of cell markers could provide new information on the processes that are involved in tumour growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS NF1 patients were diagnosed according to the revised NF1 diagnostic criteria proposed by the US National Institute of Health. Fifteen cutaneous neurofibromas from eight patients (origin: trunk and face) were excised, immediately immersion-fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin. Six micrometre thin sections were incubated with a variety of neuronal markers, connective tissue and glial cell markers, neurotrophic factors and their receptors. In addition, material was fixed, embedded and further processed for light and electron microscopic studies. RESULTS The tumours were composed of different cell types, e.g. nerve cells (axons and axon sheaths), Schwann cells, mast cells, compartmentalising cells and fibroblasts. Neuronal markers were identified in axons (neuron-specific protein gene product 9.5, PGP9.5), in several cell types (neurofilament protein-200 kDa, NF-200) and glial cells (protein S-100, S-100). In glial cells the immunoreactivity for fibroblast surface protein (FSP) was scanty, low for cyclic 2,3-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), strong for glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) but lacking for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Schwann cells and so-called compartmentalising cells exhibited immunoreactivity for neurotrophin receptor protein TrkA (TrkA) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). GDNF receptor α-1 (GFR-α1) exhibited distinct immunoreactivity in single axons, in Schwann cells, and with lower intensity in some perineurial sheet cells. No immunoreactivity was observed for the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor protein p75(NTR), high-affinity receptor protein TrkB (TrkB), high-affinity receptor protein TrkC (TrkC), the neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CONCLUSION Human cutaneous neurofibromas displayed a pattern of neurotrophic factors and their receptor immunoreactivity, which is characteristic of differentiated non-malignant tumours, and exhibited some differences from that established in developing and differentiated control Schwann cells (probably involved in the pathogenesis of the neurofibromas), as well as tumour cells in the process of differentiation. Neurofibromas are highly vascularized tumours and possess activated endothelial cells and pericytes. We presume that most of the hyperplastic structural components of a neurofibroma are generated from activated pericytes and smooth muscle cells of the small tumour vessels which possess qualities of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Shibuya Y, Kato G, Watanabe K, Seishima M. Giant tufted angioma successfully treated with radiation. J Dermatol 2011; 38:942-944. [PMID: 21998838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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23
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Shelekhova KV. [Extracranial meningioma: morphological and histogenetical aspects and relations with perineurioma]. Arkh Patol 2010; 72:12-16. [PMID: 20734826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The clinicomorphological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of 11 cases of extracranial meningioma versus 79 soft tissue perineuriomas were studied. There were significant similarities (cell morphology, immunoprofile, ultrastructural features of perineurial differentiation) of both entities. Considering the point of view that arachnoid and perineurial cells are anatomically, embryologically, and functionally related, it is most possible that extracranial meningiomas may be derived from perineurial cells (or their progenitor cell) rather than from displaced arachnoid cells.
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Abstract
Nine neuroendocrine tumors of the skin were examined by light and electron microscopy. The patients (7 males and 2 females) had an average age of 57 years. Seven tumors were located in the head and neck region. Light microscopic examination showed sheets of cells. In 4 cases, a tendency to form small groups of cells was observed. Contact with the epidermis was seen in only 2 cases. The dominant ultrastructural feature was the presence of cytoplasmic processes that contained membrane-bound granules 100-200 nm. Three tumors recurred locally, and in 7 patients, regional nodal metastases occurred. Three patients died of disseminated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Silva
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Dominguez-Malagon H, Valdez-Carrillo MDC, Cano-Valdez AM. Dermatofibroma and Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans: A Comparative Ultrastructural Study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2009; 30:283-91. [PMID: 16971353 DOI: 10.1080/01913120600820468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dermatofibroma (DF) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) are dermal tumors whose histogenesis has not been well defined to date. The differential diagnosis in most cases is established in routine H/E sections and may be confirmed by immunohistochemistry, but there are atypical variants of DF with less clear histological differences and non-conclusive immunohistochemical results. In those cases, electron microscopy studies may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. The authors describe in detail the ultrastructural characteristics of 38 cases of DFSP and 10 cases of DF. The objective was to establish the ultrastructural features for differential diagnosis, and to identify the possible histogenesis of both neoplasms. DFSP is formed by stellate or spindled cells with long, slender, ramified cell processes joined by primitive junctions. Subplasmalemmal densities were frequently seen in the processes. Another common finding was the presence of multivesicular buds (MVB), peculiar structures that contain microvesicles abutting from the cell membrane. In contrast, DF is characterized by a proliferation of multiple capillary vessels with prominent endothelium and a perivascular population of ovoid or spindled cells devoid of cell processes. These latter cells featured intracytoplasmic lipid material (p < .001), infrequent subplasmalemmal densities (p < .001), and absence of MVB (p < .001). With the ultrastructural characteristics and the constant expression of CD34 in DFSP, a probable origin in dermal dendrocytes is postulated for this tumor. The histogenesis of DF is less clear, but an origin from FXIIIa modified perivascular dermal dendrocytes is proposed.
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Abstract
Merkel cells (MC) occur in the basal epidermal layer, hair follicles, and oral mucosa, as complexes with sensory axons. The axons transduce slowly adapting type I mechanoreception, and MC modulate their sensitivity. MC also determine and maintain the 3-dimensional epidermal structure. They have neuroendocrine granules, rigid spinous processes, and desmosomal junctions with each other and with keratinocytes. Rare MC are dermaWl. Current evidence supports a basal cell origin. Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC) occur mostly in sun-exposed skin in old age. Trabecular, intermediate, or small cell in pattern, MCC have neuroendocrine granules, intercellular junctions, rigid spinous processes, and a paranuclear collection of intermediate filaments staining for cytokeratin 20. Most MCC behave indolently, but those with the small cell pattern, and some with the intermediate pattern, are aggressive and rapidly fatal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdip S Sidhu
- The New York Harbor Healthcare System and New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10010, USA.
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Abstract
A case of Merkel cell carcinoma showing epidermotropism is presented. The neoplastic cells displayed dotlike immunoreactivity for cytokeratins and strong immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase. Although no neuroendocrine granules were found, characteristic paranuclear fibrous bodies were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Donner
- Department of Pathology, Scott and White Clinic, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple 76508
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Hammar H, Hammar L, Lambert L, Ringborg U. A case report including EM and DNA repair investigations in a dermatosis associated with multiple skin cancers: epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Acta Med Scand 2009; 200:441-6. [PMID: 1015352 DOI: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1976.tb08261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the clinical, histological and electron microscopic observations in a 51-year-old male with epidermodysplasia veruciformis (EV). Cells with early signs of malignant transformation were found closely connected with virus infected epidermal regions. Skin cancers appeared initially on sun-exposed areas, such as the face and ear lobes. The UV-induced DNA repair synthesis was therefore studied, utilizing peripheral leukocytes. The patient had 40% lower UV-induced DNA repair synthesis than the mean of nine healthy subjects of the same age. These results suggest that a decrease in UV-induced DNA repair synthesis in combination with a possibly oncogenic viral infection may enhance the disposition for somatic mutations and malignant transformation in patients with EV.
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29
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Saini R, Sarnoff DS. SNodular basal cell carcinoma appearing as morpheaform during Mohs micrographic surgery. J Drugs Dermatol 2009; 8:163-167. [PMID: 19213232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Saini
- New York Medical Solutions, PLLC, New York, NY, USA
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Lu H, Zhu G, Fan L, Zhang L. Etiology and pathology of epidermal papillomas in allogynogenetic crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio (female) x Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male). Dis Aquat Organ 2009; 83:77-84. [PMID: 19301639 DOI: 10.3354/dao01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Allogynogenetic crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio (female) x Cyprinus carpio var. singuonensis (male) is one of the main freshwater aquaculture species in China. In recent years, epidermal papillomas have been observed on the scales, fins and opercula of adult fish in many fish farms in the Chongming county of Shanghai, China. The disease appears in the late autumn of the first year and becomes more severe in winter. It gradually regresses in the late spring or summer of the second year, as water temperature increases. Our study revealed that the disease pathogen was likely to be a herpes-like virus, as indicated by enveloped viral particles in the cytoplasm, empty capsids in the nucleus and a virus-like morphology of the pathogen. The size of the enveloped herpes-like virus was 118.18 +/- 10.53 (SD) nm (n = 22) and its nucleocapsid was 78.64 +/- 7.74 nm (n = 22) in diameter. Histopathological examination of tumours revealed that both epithelial and stromal cells proliferated to form papillomas. The nuclei of epithelial tumour cells were irregular in shape and in size. Most of the mucous cells were located in clusters near the middle of each papilloma. Cytoplasmic organelles were sparse in tumour cells. Numerous granulocytes and lymphocytes infiltrated into the tumour tissue. There were no inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm and nuclei of tumour cells. The lesions only occurred in adult allogynogenetic crucian carp, even though they were cultured together with other fish species. There was marked variation in incidence: in some ponds, only a few fish were affected, while the incidence was up to 90% in other ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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Xavier MH, Vergueiro TDR, Vilar EG, Pinto JM, Issa MC, Pereira GB, Carocha AP. Cutaneous metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma: an exuberant and unusual clinical presentation. Dermatol Online J 2008; 14:8. [PMID: 19094846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are different types of skin changes associated with internal malignancy. One type is the skin involvement as a result of cutaneous metastasis from an internal tumor. The skin is an uncommon site for distant metastasis; when it is present the most common sources are breast, lung, and colon. Metastasis generally occurs after an internal malignancy had been discovered and signifies disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. We report an exuberant and rare case of cutaneous metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma as the first sign of this serious visceral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Henrique Xavier
- Serviço de Dermatologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de janeiro, Brasil.
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Hallamaa RE. Ultrastructural changes in regressing equine sarcoid tumours--mysterious role of mitochondria. In Vivo 2008; 22:519-523. [PMID: 18712182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial changes of healing sarcoids were followed in 17 affected horses. Biopsies of this fibroblastic skin tumour were collected both before and during the treatment and tumour regression. The therapy consisted of the partial excision of tumours, repeated immunizations with autogenous polymerized tumour particles and supportive dietary treatment with stannic chloride and folic acid. Presence of transformed, electron-dense mitochondria in different phases of healing was studied by successive biopsy from regressing tumours. Additionally, the relation of these transformed mitochondria to the clinical status and behaviour of the tumours was evaluated. Transformed mitochondria were not found in the tumour tissue of the horses that had not been earlier treated by bioimmunotherapy, while after the therapy, all of the regressing tumours showed electron dense mitochondria. These changes were found significantly more in the margin of the regressing tumours than at the centre, i.e. at the site where the visible healing had further progressed. There was no difference between the numbers of transformed mitochondria in the horses with initially a primary or recurrent tumour. However, horses that developed recurrent disease after bioimmunotherapy showed significantly smaller numbers of electron-dense mitochondria as a response to bioimmunotherapy than the horses which did not experience relapse. Mitochondrial changes seem to be dynamically linked to the healing process and, additionally, may reflect prognosis.
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Naylor E, Sarkar P, Perlis CS, Giri D, Gnepp DR, Robinson-Bostom L. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008; 58:636-41. [PMID: 18342709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2007.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2007] [Revised: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare, slow-growing malignancy first described by Boggio in 1975. This tumor characteristically consists of basophilic cells with a distinct adenoid or cribriform pattern in the mid to deep reticular dermis. Modified myoepithelial cells with prominent basement membrane material often surround true lumina. Definitive diagnosis relies on the characteristic histologic features and the exclusion of metastatic disease. We describe two patients who presented with painful papules of the scalp and were successfully treated with wide local excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Naylor
- Department of Dermatology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA
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Nagore E, Monteagudo C, Pinazo MI, Botella-Estrada R, Oliver V, Bañuls J, Moragón M, Valcuende F, Calatrava A, Mayol-Belda MJ, Lázaro R, Niveiro M, Guillén C. [Protocol proposal for the histological report of the primary tumor in patients with cutaneous melanoma from the Task Force for Cutaneous Melanoma of the Valencian Community]. Actas Dermosifiliogr 2007; 98:459-65. [PMID: 17669299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This text compiles a histological protocol proposal for cutaneous melanoma agreed by the Task Force for Cutaneous Melanoma of the Valencian Community. It brings together the protocol itself and, in addition, includes a description of each of the proposed variables that has shown to have a greater prognostic impact in previous works.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nagore
- Servicio de Dermatología, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, España.
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Erikson A, Ortegren J, Hompland T, de Lange Davies C, Lindgren M. Quantification of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of collagen I using a laser scanning microscope. J Biomed Opt 2007; 12:044002. [PMID: 17867806 DOI: 10.1117/1.2772311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Characteristic changes in the organization of fibrillar collagen can potentially serve as an early diagnostic marker in various pathological processes. Tissue types containing collagen I can be probed by pulsed high-intensity laser radiation, thereby generating second harmonic light that provides information about the composition and structure at a microscopic level. A technique was developed to determine the essential second harmonic generation (SHG) parameters in a laser scanning microscope setup. A rat-tail tendon frozen section was rotated in the xy-plane with the pulsed laser light propagating along the z-axis. By analyzing the generated second harmonic light in the forward direction with parallel and crossed polarizer relative to the polarization of the excitation laser beam, the second-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities of the collagen fiber were determined. Systematic variations in SHG response between ordered and less ordered structures were recorded and evaluated. A 500 microm-thick z-cut lithiumniobate (LiNbO(3)) was used as reference. The method was applied on frozen sections of malignant melanoma and normal skin tissue. Significant differences were found in the values of d(22), indicating that this parameter has a potential role in differentiating between normal and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Erikson
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Hogskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
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Söderberg A, Barral AM, Söderström M, Sander B, Rosén A. Redox-signaling transmitted in trans to neighboring cells by melanoma-derived TNF-containing exosomes. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:90-9. [PMID: 17561097 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is known to be involved in redox signaling pathways that regulate normal processes and disease progression, including cytokine signaling, oxidative stress, and cancer. In studies on immune surveillance against cancer, hydrogen peroxide was found to disrupt cytotoxic T-cell function, thus contributing to tumor escape. In this study, secretion of TNF-containing vesicles of rab9+ endosomal origin, termed exosomes, was investigated using GFP-TNF constructs. We observed a polarized intracellular trafficking and apical secretion of TNF-positive nanovesicles. Cell-to-cell transfer of TNF was observed in exosomes in real-time microscopy, occurring separate from the melanin/melanosome compartment. Exosomes were prepared by ultracentrifugation or immunoisolation on anti-beta2-microglobulin magnetic beads. TNF as well as TNF receptors 1 and 2 were present in the exosomes as determined by Western blot, flow cytometry, and deconvolution microscopy. The functional significance of melanoma-derived exosomes was established by their signaling competence with ability to generate significantly higher ROS levels in T cells compared with sham exosomes (P=0.0006). In conclusion, we report here, for the first time, that TNF is found in tumor cell-derived exosomes and that these exosomes transmit redox signaling in trans to neighboring cells. The results are of importance for a better understanding of tumor escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Söderberg
- Department of Biomedicine and Surgery, Division of Cell Biology, Linköpings Universitet, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
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37
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Haas HS, Pfragner R, Siegl V, Ingolic E, Heintz E, Schraml E, Schauenstein K. The non-competitive metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 antagonist CPCCOEt inhibits the in vitro growth of human melanoma. Oncol Rep 2007; 17:1399-404. [PMID: 17487397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Five decades ago, the dicarboxylic amino acid glutamate became recognized as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In recent years, the expression of glutamate receptors was detected also in peripheral, non-neuronal tissues. Furthermore, it was found that glutamate stimulated the proliferation and migration of several peripheral tumor cells, and that glutamate receptor antagonists limited tumor growth. Most of these studies, however, used broad spectrum compounds and/or group-specific antagonists. Here we report that a selective, non-competitive metabotropic glutamate receptor-1 antagonist, CPCCOEt (7-hydroxyiminocyclopropan[b]chromen-1a-carboxylic acid ethyl ester), significantly inhibited the proliferation and modified the morphology of two human melanoma cell lines. These effects were independent of the external glutamate level in the culture medium. In addition, CPCCOEt significantly enhanced the tumoricidal effects of cytostatic drugs. Thus, selective non-competitive metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists may be used alone and/or with the synergistic effects of chemotherapy, thus enhancing existing therapies of melanoma and possibly other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Susanne Haas
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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38
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Grunwald MH, Amichai B, Cagnano E. A facial tumour. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 33:83-5. [PMID: 17501967 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02442.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Grunwald
- Department of Dermatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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39
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Lira M, Schenka AA, Magna LA, Cotta AC, Cintra ML, de Souza EM, Brousset P, Vassallo J. Diagnostic value of combining immunostaining for CD3 and nuclear morphometry in mycosis fungoides. J Clin Pathol 2007; 61:209-12. [PMID: 17496190 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2007.048553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common skin lymphoid neoplasm. In initial stages, differential diagnosis of MF from other benign dermal lymphoid infiltrates (BDLI) may be impossible on morphological basis alone. In previous studies, only deletion of CD7 in MF proved to be of diagnostic help, but not the ratio between immunoexpression of CD4 and CD8. METHODS 30 cases of MF and 11 cases of BDLI were analysed, in order to compare morphometric parameters, which could be of diagnostic aid. As CD7 is frequently deleted in MF, immunohistochemical detection of T-cells was made using an antibody to CD3. Images of 100 CD3-positive cells per case in both groups were captured and analysed using a simple computer program for nuclear perimeter, area, diameter and nuclear contour index. RESULTS All parameters showed statistically significant higher values for MF. Area was the variable with the strongest discriminating power between the two groups of patients. Thus even if morphological evaluation is not accurate to distinguish benign versus malignant dermal lymphoid infiltrates, due to the variability of size and shape of these cells, a more sensitive method promptly shows this difference. CONCLUSION Results suggest that morphometry of CD3-positive lymphoid cells may add valuable information in the differential diagnosis of MF and benign dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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40
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Bohn OL, Ruiz-Argüelles G, Navarro L, Saldivar J, Sanchez-Sosa S. Cutaneous Langerhans cell sarcoma: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Hematol 2007; 85:116-20. [PMID: 17321988 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.na0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells that occurs in lymph nodes, liver, skin, spleen, lung, and bone. We report a case of LCS in a 47-year-old man with a 6-month history of scalp mass and cervical lymphadenopathy. Clinical and pathologic data were available. A histologic examination demonstrated a proliferation of cells with malignant cytologic features. Because of its poorly differentiated morphologic features, hematologic and nonhematologic entities were ruled out by immunohistochemical screening with a broad panel of antibodies. Ultrastructural studies demonstrating Birbeck granules and consistent expression of CD1a, S-100 protein, and langerin by immunohistochemistry were helpful in identifying the Langerhans cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Bohn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital UPAEP, Puebla, Mexico
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41
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Abstract
A 13-yr-old male Alpaca (Lama pacos) presented with multiple ovoid, well-circumscribed, nonulcerated intradermal masses. Individual masses measured 1-4 cm in diameter, and the overlying skin was alopecic. Several of the masses were surgically removed and evaluated microscopically. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated multiple dermal cysts lined by neoplastic follicular epithelium. The cysts were filled with multiple layers of lamellar keratin and lined by abortive inner and outer root sheaths exhibiting cellular atypia, supporting the diagnosis of trichoepitheliomas. No additional treatment was initiated, and the alpaca continues to do well.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kirk Suedmeyer
- Kansas City Zoo, 6700 Zoo Drive, Kansas City, Missouri 64132, USA
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42
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Henning JS, Dusza SW, Wang SQ, Marghoob AA, Rabinovitz HS, Polsky D, Kopf AW. The CASH (color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity) algorithm for dermoscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007; 56:45-52. [PMID: 17190620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2006.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity (CASH) algorithm for dermoscopy includes a feature not used in prior algorithms, namely, architecture. Architectural order/disorder is derived from current concepts regarding the biology of benign versus malignant melanocytic neoplasms. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the accuracy of the CASH algorithm. METHODS A total CASH score (TCS) was calculated for dermoscopic images of 325 melanocytic neoplasms. Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed by comparing the TCS with the histopathologic diagnoses for all lesions. RESULTS The mean TCS was 12.28 for melanoma, 7.62 for dysplastic nevi, and 5.24 for nondysplastic nevi. These differences were statistically significant (P < .001). A TCS of 8 or more yielded a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 68% for the diagnosis of melanoma. LIMITATIONS This is a single-evaluator pilot study. Additional studies are needed to verify the CASH algorithm. CONCLUSIONS The CASH algorithm can distinguish melanoma from melanocytic nevi with sensitivity and specificity comparable with other algorithms. Further study is warranted to determine its intraobserver and interobserver correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Henning
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine and Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10016, USA
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43
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Ishii H, Joshita T, Matsuyama N, Uchida T, Ishikawa A, Ebihara Y. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural investigation on cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Med Mol Morphol 2006; 39:164-8. [PMID: 16998628 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-006-0323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report a tumor in an 80-year-old man that was difficult to distinguish from other tumors, i.e., small cell carcinoma of the lung, PNET/Ewing tumor, malignant lymphoma, or malignant melanoma (amelanotic), and which was finally identified as cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma using immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Autopsy did not show any tumors in the lungs, excluding the possibility of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Immunohistochemistry tests gave negative results for LCA, UCHL-1, CD3, and CD20, thereby excluding malignant lymphoma, and the negative results for S-100 protein and HMB-45 ruled out malignant melanoma. The possibility of PNET/Ewing sarcoma was also excluded because of negativity for CD99. In addition, the ultramicrostructure showed intercellular junctional complexes and neuroendocrine granules, indicating that the tumor had characteristics of both epithelial and neuroendocrine tissues. We therefore diagnosed the primary carcinoma of the skin as cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
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44
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Lin SJ, Jee SH, Kuo CJ, Wu RJ, Lin WC, Chen JS, Liao YH, Hsu CJ, Tsai TF, Chen YF, Dong CY. Discrimination of basal cell carcinoma from normal dermal stroma by quantitative multiphoton imaging. Opt Lett 2006; 31:2756-8. [PMID: 16936882 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.002756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We performed multiphoton fluorescence (MF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging on human basal cell carcinoma samples. In the dermis, basal cell carcinomas can be identified by masses of autofluorescent cells with relatively large nuclei and marked peripheral palisading. In the normal dermis, SHG from dermal collagen contributes largely to the multiphoton signal. However, within the cancer stroma, SHG signals diminish and are replaced by autofluorescent signals, indicating that normal collagen structures responsible for SHG have been altered. To better delineate the cancer cells and cancer stroma from the normal dermis, a quantitative MF to SHG index is developed. We demonstrate that this index can be used to differentiate cancer cells and adjacent cancer stroma from the normal dermis. Our work shows that MF and SHG imaging can be an alternative for Mohs' surgery in the real-time guidance of the secure removal of basal cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jan Lin
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Bergman R, Topaz O, Iancu TC, Sprecher E. Reply to ultrastructural study of the clinically uninvolved skin in familial tumoral calcinosis caused by mutations in GALNT3. Am J Dermatopathol 2006; 28:372-3. [PMID: 16871046 DOI: 10.1097/00000372-200608000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Mazzarello V, Soggiu D, Masia DR, Ena P, Rubino C. Melanoma versus dysplastic naevi: microtopographic skin study with noninvasive method. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2006; 59:700-5. [PMID: 16782565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2005.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a cutaneous tumour that originates from the epidermal melanocytes, and whose prognosis is strongly determined by tumour vertical thickness. ABCDE system is currently used for the clinical diagnosis of MM: lesion asymmetry, border irregularity, change or variegation in colour, diameter > 6mm and rapid evolution. Different methods have been used to improve the diagnosis of MM, but the results have not been convincing. Our work investigates the differences between MM and atypical naevi through skin surface analysis, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM): in fact ABCDE classical criteria are often insufficient for differential diagnosis of melanoma. In our study, we analysed 15 malignant melanomas surfaces from 15 patients and of 15 atypical naevi from 10 patients. On histological examination five superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) and 10 nodular melanoma (NMM) were found. Inclusion criteria used for selection were clinical diagnosis of SSM or clinical doubt between MM and atypical naevi (dysplastic naevi). Superficial skin texture was analysed using the silicone replica technique. The replica material is a polyvinylsiloxane derivative for dental application. Our results show that the melanoma has a very irregular surface, with a marked reduction or disappearance of cutaneous furrows, and formation of new lines with varying direction. In conclusion, the method above based on skin surface analysis, may be of help in diagnosis of early stage MM and in differentiating from atypical naevi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Sassari, San Pietro, Sassari, Italy
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47
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Chen KG, Valencia JC, Lai B, Zhang G, Paterson JK, Rouzaud F, Berens W, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Leapman RD, Hearing VJ, Gottesman MM. Melanosomal sequestration of cytotoxic drugs contributes to the intractability of malignant melanomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:9903-7. [PMID: 16777967 PMCID: PMC1502551 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600213103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance mechanisms underlying the intractability of malignant melanomas remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the development of multidrug resistance in melanomas involves subcellular sequestration of intracellular cytotoxic drugs such as cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (cisplatin; CDDP). CDDP is initially sequestered in subcellular organelles such as melanosomes, which significantly reduces its nuclear localization when compared with nonmelanoma/KB-3-1 epidermoid carcinoma cells. The melanosomal accumulation of CDDP remarkably modulates melanogenesis through a pronounced increase in tyrosinase activity. The altered melanogenesis manifested an approximately 8-fold increase in both intracellular pigmentation and extracellular transport of melanosomes containing CDDP. Thus, our experiments provide evidence that melanosomes contribute to the refractory properties of melanoma cells by sequestering cytotoxic drugs and increasing melanosome-mediated drug export. Preventing melanosomal sequestration of cytotoxic drugs by inhibiting the functions of melanosomes may have great potential as an approach to improving the chemosensitivity of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439; and
| | - Guofeng Zhang
- Division of Bioengineering and Physical Science, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | | | - Stephen M. Wincovitch
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan H. Garfield
- Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard D. Leapman
- Division of Bioengineering and Physical Science, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratories of *Cell Biology and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 2108, Bethesda, MD 20892. E-mail:
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Abstract
Clear cell change in basal cell carcinomas is a well-recognized phenomenon, but is obviously rare in trichoblastomas. We present two cases of clear cell trichoblastoma in which clear cell change was very much prominent, and the results of an ultrastructural study intended to explore the basis of that feature. Both our patients were women, aged 56 and 77 years, who presented with solitary, slowly growing nodules that measured 3 to 5 cm in largest dimension and were located on the scalp and the flexor aspect of the lower arm. Microscopically, the tumors in both cases were symmetric, non-ulcerated, and composed of variably sized and shaped (cribriform, racemiform, strands, cords, nodules) aggregations of monomorphous basaloid epithelial cells that were associated with a specific trichogenic stroma. Common to both tumors was clear cell cytoplasm evident in the majority of the epithelial cells in one case and almost in the entire epithelial cell population in the other. In most epithelial aggregations the epithelial cells with clear cytoplasm often appeared columnar and were arranged in a palisade along a recognizable basal membrane, thus indicative of outer sheath differentiation at the bulb. There were other signs of follicular differentiation. Ultrastructurally, variably sized clusters of uniform small basaloid epithelial cells were separated from the stroma by a thin discontinuous basement membrane. In addition to the usual organelles, the cytoplasm contained fairly conspicuous tonofilaments and variably sized vacuoles devoid of a limiting membrane, located between the palisaded nuclei and the outer cell membrane. The majority of vacuoles were empty, although clumps of a finely granular substance were occasionally evident. No distinct lipid droplets or glycogen particles were identified. The basaloid cells were joined by scattered small desmosomes. These findings were consistent with trichilemmal differentiation at the bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kazakov
- Sikl's Department of Pathology, Charles University Medical Faculty Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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49
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Abstract
Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis (ACRT) is extremely rare and has only been the subject of sporadic case reports, in most of which the neoplasm manifested as a scrotal mass with diffuse enlargement of the testis. Only a few cases of scrotal infiltration by a contiguous ACRT have been described. To our knowledge, none have reported distant skin metastases. We report a case of ACRT presenting with suprapubic skin metastases. The diagnosis was based on clinical and histopathological findings and supported by the results of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. We discuss the differential diagnosis to this rare entity, which include metastatic adenocarcinoma, serous tumor of the testis, and mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Rubegni
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Siena, Italy
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50
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Abstract
Spontaneously occurring cutaneous tumours in three golden hamsters were characterized using histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. Histologically, the tumours were composed of sheets of round to oval plasmacytoid cells with eccentrically placed nuclei. Tissue sections were weakly positive for anti-B lymphocyte antigen (BLA) staining. Ultrastructurally, large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm were observed. BLA positivity and characteristics of ultrastructure showed the plasma cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kondo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan
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