801
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Yuan L, Wei H. [Effect of RU486 on metabolism of glycosaminoglycans in the cultured calf trabecular meshwork cells]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1995; 31:450-3. [PMID: 8762576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork from newborn bovine eyes was used for cell culture and subculture to the third passage. Then the concentrations of RU486, a corticosteroid antagonist, in the medium were made to be 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/ml and 3H-glycosamine was introduced as the radioactive precursor. After extraction and purification, an aliquot of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was used for cellulose acetate electrophoresis, sequential degradation by different enzymes and radioactivity determination by scintillation counting to determine the total amount of GAGs and the amounts of constituents, such as hyaluronic acid (HA), etc. In the control group, the total amount of GAGs was 980 DPM/micrograms cell prot (disintegration per minute/micrograms cell protein) and HA accounted for 17.8%, while in the medium of 50 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml RU486, HA was increased to 50.1% and 46.1%, respectively. In the medium of 200 micrograms/ml RU486, the total amount of GAGs was decreased to 695 DPM/micrograms cell prot. The results were consistent with the theory of pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. It is possible that the corticosteroid antagonist can be used to reverse the pathogenesis of primary open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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802
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Lam TK, Chan WY, Kuang GB, Wei H, Shum AS, Yew DT. Differential expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the retinae and visual cortices of rats with experimental renal hypertension. Neurosci Lett 1995; 198:165-8. [PMID: 8552312 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11984-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To examine the expression of the GFAP protein in the retina and visual cortex under normal and pathological conditions, hypertension was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by applying silver clips onto renal arteries and the change in GFAP expression was followed by Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining. One week after operation when the induced hypertension was at the initial stage, GFAP expression in the retina was reduced to half of the sham control. By 4 weeks, when consistent hypertension was developed, a further decrease in the level of GFAP expression in the retina to one third of the sham control was observed. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the number of GFAP-positive cells in the nerve fiber layer of the retina of the hypertensive rat was reduced to less than one third of the sham control. However, similar changes in GFAP expression in the visual cortex of hypertensive rats were not observed. This study represents the first report to date on GFAP expression in the retina and visual cortex and includes discussion of the possible mechanisms through which GFAP expression is mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Lam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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803
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804
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Wei H, Li LH, Qin LJ. [Investigation of the contamination of air and environment in the blood dialysis department]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1995; 30:515-8. [PMID: 8716066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As the blood dialysis has been applied more widely, the hygenic state of air and furniture surfaces in blood dialysis room and that of dialysis fluid would diretly affect the incidence of nosocomial infections. The results of investigation in three hospital dialysis units showed that: With people walking around, the number of air microbes presented a kenetic variation, ranged from 410 to 1755CFU/m3. That number was positively related to the number of dust particles in the air, which carring certain amount pathogenic of conditional-pathogenic microbes, among which, fungi, Stap. aureus and Pseud. aruginosa acount for 8.38%, 2.99% and 1.39% respectively. Physical of chemical disinfection treatment showed prompt effects (P < 0.01). The thermogenic reaction and infections in dialysis patients were mainly due to microbes containminated in the water for dialysis. Some of these microbes may produce intracellular or and exo-toxin and thermogenic factors. The microbes in dialysis machines could 100% be killed immediately after disinfecting the dialysis tubes with 5% available chlorine. But the germ numer could rise again as the time streched. Our results suggested that certain monitoring and disinfectious procedures must be carried out in hospital critical departments so as to reduce nosocomial infection cases.
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805
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Zhang J, Duncker DJ, Ya X, Zhang Y, Pavek T, Wei H, Merkle H, Uğurbil K, From AH, Bache RJ. Effect of left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to chronic pressure overload on transmural myocardial 2-deoxyglucose uptake. A 31P NMR spectroscopic study. Circulation 1995; 92:1274-83. [PMID: 7648676 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.92.5.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study tested the hypothesis that 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-detectable 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) uptake is increased in chronically pressure-overloaded hypertrophied left ventricular myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to determine the transmural distribution of high-energy phosphate levels and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DGP) accumulation during intracoronary infusion of 2DG (15 mumol.kg body wt-1.min-1) in eight normal dogs and in eight dogs with severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) produced by ascending aortic banding. The ratio of LV weight to body weight was 8.25 +/- 0.65 g/kg in the LVH group compared with 4.35 +/- 0.11 g/kg in the normal group (P < .01). Myocardial ATP content was decreased by approximately 40% and phosphocreatine (PCr) by approximately 60% in LVH hearts. ATP values were transmurally uniform in LVH and normal hearts, whereas PCr was lower in the subendocardium (Endo) than the subepicardium (Epi) of both groups. The PCr/ATP ratio was lower in LVH hearts (1.72 +/- 0.05, 1.64 +/- 0.07, and 1.53 +/- 0.10 in Epi, midwall, and Endo, respectively) compared with normal hearts (2.36 +/- 0.05, 2.09 +/- 0.06, and 1.96 +/- 0.06; each P < .01 normal versus LVH). Arterial blood levels of glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids were comparable between groups, whereas arterial lactate and norepinephrine levels were significantly higher in the LVH group. 2DG infusion did not affect systemic hemodynamics or myocardial high-energy phosphate or inorganic phosphate levels in either group. At the end of 60 minutes of 2DG infusion, there was no detectable accumulation of 2DGP in the normal hearts. However, seven of the eight LVH hearts showed time-dependent accumulation of 2DGP, which was linearly related to the severity of hypertrophy (r = .90 for subendocardial 2DGP versus LV weight/body weight). A transmural gradient of 2DGP was present, with greatest accumulation in the subendocardium (3.3 +/- 1.6, 5.8 +/- 2.3, and 7.9 +/- 2.2 mumol/g in Epi, midwall, and Endo of the LVH hearts, respectively; P < .05 Epi versus Endo). CONCLUSIONS The pressure-overloaded hypertrophied left ventricle demonstrated increased accumulation of 2DGP detected with 31P NMR spectroscopy. Accumulation of 2DGP was positively correlated with the degree of hypertrophy and was most marked in the subendocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis, USA
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806
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Abstract
Initiation and promotion are major stages in the multistage carcinogenesis process. Formation of initiating carcinogen-DNA base adducts leads to heritable genetic changes, but the tumor-promoting events induced by complete carcinogens have not, as yet, been elucidated. Oxidant production and oxidative DNA damage induced by phorbol esters (i.e., 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) are associated with tumor promotion, while antioxidants and inhibitors of oxidative DNA damage suppress promotion and carcinogenesis. Our goal was to establish whether a carcinogen that requires oxidative metabolism for its activity can also induce oxidant production and DNA base oxidation. We found that topical treatment of SENCAR mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, which induces tumors in 40-50% of the mice, also causes hydrogen peroxide production and formation of oxidized bases (i.e., 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine) in epidermal DNA. The levels of oxidized bases were of comparable magnitude to those mediated by the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. The oxidized bases persisted over several weeks in epidermal DNA. These oxidative events appear to be temporally associated with inflammatory responses that include edema and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, which remained elevated over longer periods of time and at higher levels than those induced by phorbol ester. Because these processes are usually associated with tumor promotion, our results support the conjecture that oxidative events may be involved in what is operationally referred to as the tumor promotion process by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frenkel
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016-6451, USA
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807
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Tang R, Wen D, Wei H, Bi N. [Constituents of the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract fractions from Dracaena cochinensis (Lour.) S.C. Chen]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 1995; 20:421-3, 448. [PMID: 7576141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Six constituents have been isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extract fractions of Dracaena cochinensis. Their structures have been identified as 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6- dimethoxy-benzene,docosyl alcohol, octadecyl acetate, eicosyl acetate, resveratrol and 4',7-dihydroxy-flavone on the basis of physical, chemical and spectral deta. Of these compounds 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3,6-dimethoxy-benzene is a new one.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tang
- Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning
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808
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parimoo
- Skin Biology Research Center, Johnson & Johnson, R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Raritan, New Jersey 08869, USA
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809
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Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM)-induced DNA adduct formation in mouse skin was determined by a nuclease P1-enhanced 32P-postlabelling technique. Topical application of TAM significantly induced a number of DNA-adducts in mouse skin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. When SENCAR mice were topically treated with different doses of TAM for 6 h, total DNA adduct levels in skin were increased by 2.5- (1 mumol TAM), 4.5- (5 mumol TAM) and 4.8-fold (10 mumol TAM), respectively. In addition, at least four novel DNA adducts were observed. Time-course studies showed that TAM-induced DNA adducts reach a peak at 6 h post-treatment. However, the pattern of TAM-induced DNA adducts was different from that induced by DMBA (a potent skin carcinogen). TAM has been found to form DNA-adducts in the liver and kidney of rodents. Our work confirms the genotoxic effects observed by other investigators by showing that TAM also causes DNA-adducts formation in mouse skin. Since TAM is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and currently for chemo-prevention trials, further studies should be conducted to assess the potential risk of long-term use of TAM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029, USA
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810
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Matsumoto K, Lo EH, Pierce AR, Wei H, Garrido L, Kowall NW. Role of vasogenic edema and tissue cavitation in ischemic evolution on diffusion-weighted imaging: comparison with multiparameter MR and immunohistochemistry. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16:1107-15. [PMID: 7639135 PMCID: PMC8337787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the mechanisms of further evolution that occurs from the early to late phase after initial changes in diffusion-weighted imaging after cerebral ischemia. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Diffusion-, proton density-, T1- and T2-weighted imaging were performed on days 0, 2, and 6. Histologic examination (IgG, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and cresyl violet staining) was done after scanning. RESULTS Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in the ischemic hemisphere were significantly decreased on day 0. Thereafter, ADCs increased over time and became significantly higher than the contralateral side by day 6. Changes in basal ganglia occurred more rapidly than in cortex. Proton density-, T1-, and T2-weighted scans showed maximal changes on day 2. From day 0 to day 2, there are significant correlations between changes in ADC and changes in T1-weighted signals and T2-weighted signals. Histologic exam showed early neuronal injury on day 0, intense gliotic activity and protein leakage associated with infarction and edema on day 2, and cavitation in severely infarcted areas on day 6. CONCLUSION After initial reduction of ADC, the subsequent increase in ADC values on day 2 may be associated with vasogenic edema and cell lysis. Later elevations in ADC may be related to cavitation of infarcted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Center for Imaging and Pharmaceutical Research, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
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811
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Abstract
As part of an effort to isolate genes from the entire long arm of human chromosome 21, we performed cDNA selection with 15 YACs from the regions of the pericentromeric heterochromatin and the two Giemsa dark bands of this chromosome using cDNA libraries from six different tissues. Nine of these YACs mapped to the Giemsa dark band, 21q21. The 9 YACs cover approximately 6 Mb of DNA, representing 15% of 21q and a significant portion of the 12-15 Mb estimated to be within this band. Several lines of evidence from analysis of the selected cDNA libraries suggest that this region of 21q has very few single-copy transcribed sequences. An EcoRI library was constructed with DNA from 1 of the 9 YACs. Grail analysis of the sequences of both ends of 24 YAC-specific clones from this EcoRI library revealed no potential exons. In contrast to these results, the selected cDNA libraries of a control YAC from the human MHC region in 6p21.3 as well as those from most of the other 21q YACs consisted largely of YAC-specific single-copy cDNA clones. Given the success of the cDNA selection method for finding a large number of genes in YACs from other chromosomal regions, these results suggest that the 6 Mb of DNA in the dark band 21q21 contains few single-copy sequences expressed in this tissue set. In contrast, selected cDNA libraries from the pericentromeric region, the telomeric border of the dark band 21q21, and the dark band 21q22.2 yielded more than 30 new ESTs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536-0812, USA
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812
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Abstract
AT-1 cells are highly differentiated, contracting cardiomyocytes derived from atrial tumours in transgenic mice. The aim of this study was to characterize beta-adrenergic receptor function and associated intracellular calcium regulation in AT-1 cells. Equilibrium binding experiments with [3H]-CGP-12177 showed a Kd = 0.30 +/- 0.08nM and a Bmax = 2.25 +/- 0.47 fmol/10(5) cells. Competition binding experiments with CGP-20712A showed presence of predominantly beta 1-adrenoreceptors. S-(-)propranolol, atenolol and R-(+)propranolol showed a competitive inhibition of binding with successively lower affinity. Isoproterenol, 2 microM, for 48 hours down-regulated the number (p < 0.05) of beta-adrenergic receptors/cell by about 50%; 10 microM for one hour increased the cAMP concentration (p < 0.05) by about 100%. Cytosolic [Ca2+] was measured flourimetrically in spontaneously and synchronously beating AT-1 cells. The resting cytosolic concentration was 94 +/- 10 nM. The observed sinusoidal Ca2+ oscillation frequency increased after addition of 10 microM isoproterenol (p < 0.02). This effect was antagonized by 10 microM alprenolol (p < 0.01). In conclusion, AT-1 cells have functional beta-adrenoreceptor signalling pathways and constitute an important tool in cardiac biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Drvota
- Karolinska Institute Dept. of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden
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813
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Abstract
The aims of these studies were to examine the effects of FCC5 (2-carboxamidino-1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydrodibenzo (c,f) pyrazino (1,2,-a) azepine HCl), an analogue of mianserin, on immediate type hypersensitivity reactions in-vitro. The actions of FCC5 were examined on the Schultz-Dale reaction of guinea-pig ileum and on histamine and leukotriene release from human- and guinea-pig-sensitized lung fragments. FCC5 (applied topically) was assessed for anti-inflammatory activity in-vivo against phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced oedema in the mouse ear. FCC5 (IC50 = 0.17 microM) was a potent inhibitor of the Schultz-Dale reaction in-vitro, as assessed by a concentration-dependent attenuation of egg albumin-induced contractions of sensitized guinea-pig isolated ileum. Using human and guinea-pig isolated sensitized lung fragments, FCC5 (1-100 microM) attenuated antigen-induced release of sulphidopeptidoleukotrienes and histamine. FCC5 (50 micrograms topically) resembled mianserin and indomethacin in attenuating PMA-induced mouse ear inflammation. These properties together with previously published evidence of long lasting antihistamine properties in-vivo, suggest that FCC5 has therapeutic potential as an anti-allergic agent, especially in pathological conditions where an inflammatory component is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Leitch
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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814
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Abstract
Antioxidant and antipromotional effects of the soybean isoflavone genistein have been studied in HL-60 cells and the mouse skin tumorigenesis model. Effects of structure-related flavone/isoflavones on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-activated HL-60 cells and superoxide anion (O2-) generation by xanthine/xanthine oxidase were compared. Of tested isoflavones, genistein is the most potent inhibitor among TPA-induced H2O2 formation by (dimethyl sulfoxide) DMSO-differentiated HL-60 cells, daidzein is second, and apigenin and biochanin A show little effect. In contrast, genistein, apigenin, and prunectin are equally potent in inhibiting O2- generation by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, with daidzein showing a moderate inhibitory effect and biochanin A exhibiting no effect. These results suggest that the antioxidant properties of isoflavones are structurally related and the hydroxy group at Position 4' is crucial in both systems. Dietary administration of 250 ppm genistein for 30 days significantly enhances the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the skin and small intestine of mice. Further studies show that genistein significantly inhibits TPA-induced proto-oncogene expression (c-fos) in mouse skin in a dose-dependent manner. In a two-stage skin carcinogenesis study, low levels of genistein (1 and 5 mumol) significantly prolong tumor latency and decrease tumor multiplicity by approximately 50%. We conclude that genistein's antioxidant properties and antiproliferative effects may be responsible for its anticarcinogenic effect. Its high content in soybeans and relatively high bioavailability favor genistein as a promising candidate for the prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham 35294
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815
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Ding Z, He Y, Wei H. [A morphological study of experimental corneal neovascularization]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 1995; 31:49-51. [PMID: 7781427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Corneal neovascularization (CNV) was induced by alkali burn injuries in 20 rabbit corneas. The process of CNV was observed with biomicroscopy in vivo and histologically by light and electron microscopy. At 8 hours after injury, an obvious acute inflammatory response as evidenced by infiltration of neutrophils had already occurred in the pericorneal limbal area. Many neutrophils in the extravascular space contained abundant intracytoplasmic phagolysosomes. The vascular sprouts appeared 2 days after injury. The infiltration of neutrophils and their debris were visible around newly formed blood vessels in the cornea. The results suggest that there be the participation and an inductive action of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of CNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xiehe Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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816
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Ning C, Wei H, Shu D, Hu XF, Tao DD, Lin HH, Wang S, Wang MT. Clinical significance of multiple hypothalamic-pituitary functions assessment in patients with Turner's syndrome. J Tongji Med Univ 1994; 14:220-3. [PMID: 7760432 DOI: 10.1007/bf02897672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary functions in 26 cases of Turner syndrome were assessed with a combined stimulation test. The results showed that the peak GH levels of 12 cases were less than 10 micrograms/L; 3 patients were demonstrated as having an even TSH response, while another one with a delayed TSH peak, and other 4 had high basal values and consistent exaggerated TSH responses to TRH; all patients showed increased basal and peak LH and FSH levels but 5, whose LH and FSH secretion patterns were similar to normal. 12 cases have been treated with individualized protocols and followed up for 12 months or more, of them the growth velocity all increased, especially those with hypothyroidism or with a BA less than 13. It is suggested that multiple functions of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in Turner patients be evaluated as early as possible, in order that proper treatment could be adopted and their growth and development improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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817
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Sora I, Richman J, Santoro G, Wei H, Wang Y, Vanderah T, Horvath R, Nguyen M, Waite S, Roeske WR. The cloning and expression of a human creatine transporter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204:419-27. [PMID: 7945388 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A human creatine transporter (hCRT-BS2M) cDNA clone was isolated from a human brainstem/spinal cord using a PCR and phage plaque hybridization based technique. This clone included an open reading frame of 1,905 base pairs(bp) within a 2,283bp cDNA. Northern blot hybridization detected the expression of corresponding mRNAs most prominently in the skeletal muscle, heart and kidney. Peptide sequence analysis of the hCRT-BS2M protein product revealed 12 putative transmembrane domains. The predicted protein sequence further demonstrates that the hCRT-BS2M has highly conserved amino acid identity with the other members of the sodium dependent plasma membrane transporter family. Transient expression of the hCRT-BS2M in COS-7 cells demonstrates sodium dependent [14C]creatine uptake with a KM value of 14.9 +/- 3.0 microM (n = 5) that is attenuated by creatine and selective structural analogues of creatine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sora
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson 85724
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818
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Perry DC, Wei H, Rosenthal RE, Fiskum G. Autoradiographic analysis of L- and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channel binding in canine brain after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Brain Res 1994; 657:65-72. [PMID: 7820645 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)90954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Binding of antagonists to L- and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) was measured in canine brain following global ischemia and reperfusion. Ischemia was induced by 10 min cardiac arrest, followed by restoration of spontaneous circulation for periods of up to 24 h. Binding of [3H]PN200-110 and [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA to frozen sections from hippocampus, striatum, parietal cortex and temporal cortex was analyzed using quantitative receptor autoradiography. The binding patterns of the two radioligands were similar in cortex and striatum, but differed in hippocampus. In the latter tissue, [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA binding was dense over synaptic regions, especially the presynaptic polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus, but was virtually absent over cell body layers. In contrast, [3H]PN200-110 binding was more homogenously distributed, with highest binding in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The binding of [125I]omega-conotoxin GVIA was not different from sham controls at any time point following cardiac arrest. [3H]PN200-110 binding was decreased in each region immediately following ischemia, recovering within 30 min of recirculation. These findings are in contrast to earlier findings of rapid increases in L-type VDCC binding to membrane fractions obtained from cortex and striatum in this model, and suggest that the previously detected increases may be due to a redistribution of channels from subcellular compartments to the plasma membrane during ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Perry
- Department of Pharmacology, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20037
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819
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Abstract
We evaluated the effect of norfloxacin and clonidine on the morphology, DNA synthesis and phagocytic activity of cultured human trabecular meshwork cells in the 3rd-5th generations. Exposure to norfloxacin at a concentration of 1.5 x 10(-4) g ml-1 for 6 h led to retraction of cytoplasmic processes and rounding of cell profile, and exposure for 48 h caused cell death. Exposure to clonidine at 1.0 x 10(-3) g ml-1 for 12 h caused cell degeneration, and exposure for 72 h led to cell death. The morphologic changes were dose-time dependent. Tritiated thymidine incorporation was determined as an index of DNA synthesis, which was significantly inhibited by 1.5 x 10(-5) g ml-1 norfloxacin or 1.0 x 10(-3) g ml-1 clonidine, but obviously enhanced by 1.0 x 10(-4) and 1.0 x 10(-5) g ml-1 clonidine. Both drugs inhibited phagocytosis of latex microspheres in a dose-dependent mode. According to the presented results and the pharmacokinetic data reported in the literature, we suggest that the topical use of norfloxacin should not be too frequent or continued too long, especially when the corneal epithelium was not intact; clonidine has no deleterious effect on trabecular cells in its conventional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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820
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Cran D, Cochrane D, Johnson L, Wei H, Lu K, Polge C. Separation of X- and Y-chromosome bearing bovine sperm by flow cytometry for use in IVF. Theriogenology 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(05)80093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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821
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Abstract
To define the gene content of the HLA class I region, cDNA selection was applied to three overlapping yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) that spanned 1 megabase (Mb) of this region of the human major histocompatibility complex. These YACs extended from the region centromeric to HLA-E to the region telomeric to HLA-F. In addition to the recognized class I genes and pseudogenes and the anonymous non-class-I genes described recently by us and others, 20 additional anonymous cDNA clones were identified from this 1-Mb region. We also identified a long repetitive DNA element in the region between HLA-B and HLA-E. Homologues of this element were located at several sites in the human genome outside of the HLA complex. The portion of the HLA class I region represented by these YACs shows an average gene density as high as the class II and class III regions. Thus, the high gene density portion of the HLA complex is extended to more than 3 Mb.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes
- Blotting, Southern
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Centromere/physiology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Artificial, Yeast
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Gene Library
- Genes, MHC Class I
- Genome, Human
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Pseudogenes
- Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Restriction Mapping
- T-Lymphocytes
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536-0812
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822
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Zeng S, Hu C, Wei H, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Yang J, Yun G, Zou W, Song B. Intravitreal pharmacokinetics of liposome-encapsulated amikacin in a rabbit model. Ophthalmology 1993; 100:1640-4. [PMID: 8233389 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(93)31423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravitreal injection of antibiotics has become a standard therapy for bacterial endophthalmitis. The duration of effective antimicrobial levels in the vitreous after single injection, however, may not be long enough to get optimal response. The authors prepared liposome-encapsulated amikacin for prolonging the duration of intravitreal therapeutic concentrations and investigated the intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the liposomes and amikacin in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) as control. METHODS The liposome-encapsulated amikacin was prepared by reverse-phase evaporation method. The intravitreal pharmacokinetics of the liposomes was compared with amikacin in PBS by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. Albino rabbits were randomly distributed into 12 groups. Rabbits in groups 1 to 6 and in groups I to VI (control groups) received an intravitreal injection of the liposome-encapsulated amikacin and amikacin in PBS, respectively. RESULTS The encapsulation rate of amikacin was 91%. The time of 50% spontaneous degradation (half-life) of the liposomes in PBS (38 degrees C, pH 7.4) was 47.6 days, and the time of 50% release (half-life) of the drug from the liposomes in PBS was 84.8 hours. The vitreous amikacin concentrations in groups 1 to 6 were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those in control groups I to VI in every time interval, except in groups 1 to 3 at 1 hour after injection. The difference was particularly obvious in the endophthalmitis groups. The clearance of encapsulated amikacin in vitreous appeared to be related to the state of blood-ocular barrier and to the structural integrity of vitreous. The distribution, the absorption, and the elimination of encapsulated amikacin in vitreous showed the first-order kinetics. CONCLUSION The liposome-encapsulated amikacin prolonged half-life of the drug in vitreous. The results of the pharmacokinetic analysis suggested that in endophthalmitis, especially in severe cases, the liposomes may be preferable to conventional preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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823
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Wei H, Frenkel K. Relationship of oxidative events and DNA oxidation in SENCAR mice to in vivo promoting activity of phorbol ester-type tumor promoters. Carcinogenesis 1993; 14:1195-201. [PMID: 8508507 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/14.6.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated as being involved in tumor promotion processes. However, the mechanism by which ROS modulate tumor promotion has not as yet been elucidated. In this report, we show that phorbol ester-type tumor promoters (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA], mezerein and 12-O-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate [RPA]), which vary in their in vivo potencies, also differ in their effect on formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidation of normal bases to 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine [HMdU] and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG] in the DNA of SENCAR mouse epidermis, though they are equipotent in causing infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Treatment of SENCAR mice with the chemopreventive agents (-)-epigallocatechin gallate or tamoxifen (6.5 nmol) prior to application of TPA (6.5 nmol) diminished PMN infiltration, and formation of H2O2, HMdU and 8-OHdG. These results strengthen the evidence that ROS are involved in tumor promotion, and that generation of ROS and the subsequent oxidative DNA modification are related to the tumor-promoting potencies of the different phorbol ester-type promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016-6451
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824
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Abstract
Significant differences in sensitivity to multistage carcinogenesis have been noted between mice that are sensitive (SENCAR) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). However, the mechanism of this sensitivity has not yet been established. Recent studies from this laboratory have shown that TPA significantly enhances formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxidized DNA bases in SENCAR mouse skin, as it increases the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), as quantitated by myeloperoxidase (MPO). In the studies reported here, we compared SENCAR and C57BL/6J mice with respect to TPA-mediated edema, hyperplasia, PMN infiltration, oxidant formation and oxidative DNA damage in mouse skin. Topical application of two TPA doses (2x2-40 micrograms, 20 h apart) dose-dependently increased PMN infiltration and oxidant formation in both mouse strains, which was consistent with TPA-induced morphological alterations (edema and hyperplasia). However, at low TPA doses (2-4 micrograms), the increases over controls in the SENCAR mice were significantly greater (P < 0.01) than those in C57BL/6J mice. Comparison of the net values indicated that 4 micrograms TPA enhanced PMN infiltration (MPO units/cm2) and oxidant formation (nmol H2O2/cm2) in SENCAR mice by 7.7- and 11-fold respectively over those present in TPA-treated C57BL/6J mouse skin. At the same dose, TPA also significantly increased formation of thymidine glycol (dTG; 5.5-fold), 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (HMdU; 4.9-fold) and 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG; 11.4-fold) in SENCAR mouse epidermis. Then, the levels of all three declined. In C57BL/6J mice, there were virtually no increases at 4 micrograms TPA, but their levels gradually increased with higher TPA doses and reached maxima at 10 micrograms TPA for dTG (1.9-fold increase), at 20 micrograms TPA for 8-OHdG (6.0-fold), and at 30 micrograms TPA for HMdU (1.8-fold). We conclude that the TPA-mediated oxidative events and oxidative DNA modification by different doses of TPA correlate with the promoting potencies of those doses in both mouse strains. Therefore, they could be, at least in part, responsible for the strain-dependent sensitivity to tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wei
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016-6451
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825
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Li Z, Qi Z, Wei H, Luo X, Feng Y. Study on initiation of human lung carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1993; 12:81-8. [PMID: 8189362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking condensate and diethylnitrosamine can initiate human lung carcinogenesis as they are able to induce precancerous lesions of bronchioles and the transforming ability of human fetal lung (HFL) DNA. The induction of precancerous lesions in HFL and the acquirement of the transforming ability of HFL DNA by short-term exposure to carcinogens can be combined to yield an ideal model for the initiation of human lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Cancer Institute, CAMS, Beijing, P.R. China
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826
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Frenkel K, Wei H, Bhimani R, Ye J, Zadunaisky JA, Huang MT, Ferraro T, Conney AH, Grunberger D. Inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. Cancer Res 1993; 53:1255-61. [PMID: 7680281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was isolated from propolis (a product of honeybee hives) that has been used in folk medicine as a potent antiinflammatory agent. CAPE is cytotoxic to tumor and virally transformed but not to normal cells. Our main goal was to establish whether CAPE inhibits the tumor promoter (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced processes associated with carcinogenesis. Topical treatment of SENCAR mice with very low doses (0.1-6.5 nmol/topical treatment) of CAPE strongly inhibits the following 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated oxidative processes that are considered essential for tumor promotion: (a) polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration into mouse skin and ears, as quantified by myeloperoxidase activity; (b) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production; and (c) formation of oxidized bases in epidermal DNA, as measured by 5-hydroxymethyluracil and 8-hydroxylguanine. A 0.5-nmol dose of CAPE suppresses the oxidative burst of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by 50%. At higher doses (1-10 mumol), CAPE inhibits edema and ornithine decarboxylase induction in CD-1 and SENCAR mice. Interestingly, we discovered that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced H2O2 production in bovine lenses also is inhibited by CAPE. Cumulatively, these findings point to CAPE as being a potent chemopreventive agent, which may be useful in combating diseases with strong inflammatory and/or oxidative stress components, i.e., various types of cancer and possibly cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frenkel
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016-6451
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827
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Abstract
Here we report that genistein, a soybean isoflavone, strongly inhibits tumor promoter-induced H2O2 formation both in vivo and in vitro. Genistein suppressed H2O2 production by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate- (TPA) stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range 1-150 microM. Human PMNs were more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of genistein than HL-60 cells (50% inhibitory concentration 14.8 and 30.2 microM, respectively). In addition, genistein moderately inhibited superoxide anion formation by HL-60 cells and scavenged exogenously added H2O2 under the same conditions as in cell culture. However, the H2O2-scavenging effect of genistein was about 50% lower than its inhibition of cell-derived H2O2 formation at all concentrations. In the CD-1 mouse skin model, genistein strongly inhibited TPA-induced oxidant formation, edema, and PMN infiltration in mouse skin. Inhibition of TPA-mediated H2O2 in vivo may result from decreased cell-derived H2O2 formation, scavenging of H2O2 produced, and/or suppression of PMN infiltration into the dermis. The antioxidant properties of genistein may be responsible for its anticarcinogenic effects, and the dietary availability of genistein makes it a promising candidate for the prevention of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294
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828
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Ning C, Jiang Q, Wei H, Wang S, Wang MT. Hypothalamic-pituitary function assessment in children by a combined stimulation test. J Tongji Med Univ 1992; 12:219-22. [PMID: 1289569 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We utilized a combined stimulation test using insulin, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, gonadotropin-releasing hormone and levodopa to assess multiple pituitary hormones including growth hormone, thyrotropin, prolactin and gonadotropins in 32 children of short stature and 18 girls with early appearance of puberty. It was found that this combined stimulation test can assess multiple hormone responses with satisfactory results in a single 90-min test. Compared with any of those laborious classic stimulation tests alone, it is easier to be carried out and willingly accepted by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan
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829
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Abstract
Abundant evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. These chemical-generated or phagocyte-released ROS are known to cause a variety of genetic alterations which lie at the heart of the carcinogenic process. ROS have also been shown to cause malignant transformation of normal cells, and to increase expression of certain proto-oncogenes such as c-fos and c-jun. It is known that certain proto-oncogenes and anti-oncogenes may serve as the targets of carcinogens of various sorts. I hypothesize that ROS-mediated DNA damage may cause mutations and/or deletions in certain specific coding regions of tumor-related genes, and could be responsible for subsequent activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of anti-oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0008
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830
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Li Z, Luo X, Wei H, Zhang C, Shao J. Initiation of human lung carcinogenesis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1992; 11:347. [PMID: 1464821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Department of Nutrition and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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831
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Wei H, Frenkel K. Suppression of tumor promoter-induced oxidative events and DNA damage in vivo by sarcophytol A: a possible mechanism of antipromotion. Cancer Res 1992; 52:2298-303. [PMID: 1559232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sarcophytol A (Sarp A), a nontoxic compound isolated from marine soft coral, inhibits the in vivo effects of tumor promoters. However, the mechanism of its action is unknown. Our studies show that Sarp A suppresses oxidant formation and DNA oxidation in the epidermis of SENCAR mice exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). In the short-term experiments, mice were topically pretreated with different doses of Sarp A before 6.5 nmol TPA, and the same treatment was repeated 20 h later. Sarp A significantly decreased the TPA-induced infiltration of neutrophils, the levels of myeloperoxidase in the dermis, and the formation of H2O2, cis-thymidine glycol, 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine, and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine in the epidermis. In the long-term studies, repeated TPA applications (3.2 nmol twice a week for 16 weeks) increased cis-thymidine glycol 2.7-fold, 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine 3.4-fold, and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine 3.3-fold in epidermal DNA over the basal levels. Application of 350 nmol Sarp A before each TPA treatment significantly decreased the formation of oxidized DNA bases even below those present in the control mouse skin. Histological examination showed that Sarp A also alleviated the TPA-induced inflammatory response and infiltration of phagocytes. Thus, it is possible that suppression of tumor promotion by Sarp A is due (at least in part) to its inhibitory effects on tumor promoter-mediated migration and activation of phagocytes, oxidant formation, and DNA base oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016-6451
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832
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND METHODS A new mode of jet ventilation, high-frequency two-way jet ventilation, was devised and introduced to increase CO2 elimination. High-frequency two-way jet ventilation was achieved by adding reverse jet pulses inside the trachea through an intratracheal reverse jet system to the expiratory phase of common high-frequency jet ventilation. The ventilatory efficiency and features of high-frequency two-way jet ventilation were investigated and compared with those features of high-frequency jet ventilation in ten dogs in the same experimental condition. Random sample selection and randomized crossover trial were used for comparison between high-frequency two-way jet ventilation and high-frequency jet ventilation. Peak inspiratory pressure, end-expiratory pressure, and the arterial blood gas variables (PaO2, PaCO2, and pH) were measured during the study. RESULTS PaCO2 with high-frequency two-way jet ventilation was about 35% lower than that with high-frequency jet ventilation (from 45 to 29 torr [6.0 to 3.9 kPa], p less than .01). Simultaneously, peak inspiratory pressure and end-expiratory pressure during high-frequency two-way jet ventilation were significantly lower than those same variables measured during high-frequency jet ventilation. End-expiratory pressure of high-frequency two-way jet ventilation was a negative pressure (-2.45 +/- 0.45 cm H2O). The pH of high-frequency two-way jet ventilation was significantly higher than that of high-frequency jet ventilation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with high-frequency jet ventilation, high-frequency two-way jet ventilation demonstrated a ventilatory feature of increasing CO2 elimination and simultaneously decreasing airway pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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833
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Ning C, Liu SR, Wei H, Wang S, Shu D, Blau N, Wang MT. The screening diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficient phenylketonuria. J Tongji Med Univ 1992; 12:216-8. [PMID: 1289568 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Since 1990, 20 diagnostically confirmed phenylketonuria (PKU) patients have been screened with a tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) loading test, in which plasma phenylalanine and urinary pterin metabolites were investigated, ind activity of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) was determined as well. The results showed that there was no statistical difference between the concentrations of plasma phenylalanine before and after BH4 (20mg/kg) administration in all patients, and values of urinary neopterin and biopterin were within the range of classic PKU. All patients but one had normal activity of DHPR in red cells. This suggests that incidence of BH4 deficiency in PKU patients amounts to five percent (1/20) which is almost the same as reported abroad.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ning
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital
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834
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Barrett JC, Afshari CA, Annab LA, Burkhart BA, Boyd JA, Owen RD, Futreal PA, Richter KH, Moses HL, Lavker RM, Miller S, Sun TT, Stingl G, Bianchi AB, Navone NM, Conti CJ, Spencer JM, Kahn S, Weinstein IB, Silvers DS, DeLeo VA, Larcher F, Bauluz C, Quintanilla M, Ballestin C, Jorcano JL, Schön M, Haas M, Klein CE, Weber L, Cerri A, Tadini G, Gitto R, Berti E, Cano A, Caulín C, Gómez M, Gandarillas A, Martín M, Montes A, Navarro P, Bastian BC, Van der Piepen U, Römisch J, Pâques E, Hartmann AA, Krieg P, Schnapke R, Feil S, Fürstenberger G, Marks F, Missero C, Cajal SRY, Filvaroff E, Dotto GP, Sherman J, Albert RE, Baxter CS, Bauer G, Höfler P, Götschl M, Viesel E, Jürgensmeier J, Schaefer D, Picht G, Grande T, Real A, Rünqer TM, Möller K, Fuchs P, Bauer C, Epe' B, Gruner S, Diezel W, Macejewski J, Weber H, Eckert R, Volk HD, Sönnichsen N, Bavinck JNB, Vermeer BJ, Van Der Woude FJ, Vandenbroucke JP, Claas FHJ, Griffin EF, Harris H, Tilgen W, Garbe C, Østerlind A, Weiss J, Jung EG, Ruiter DJ, Danen E, Broecker EB, Johnson JP, van Muijen GNP, Halaban R, Krüger-Krasagakes S, Orfanos CE, Newton JA, Bataille V, Cuzick J, Bishop T, Schwaaf A, Azizi E, Bröcker EB, Eberlein B, Froschermaier S, Gollhausen R, Przybilla B, Krasagakis K, Abdel-Naser MB, Lopez-Bran E, Robledo A, Lopez-Bran E, Heine H, Hennig B, Graf G, Nährig J, Niedner R, Schöpf E, Mailhammer R, Reisbach G, Kempkes B, Hültner L, Thalmeier K, Anders F, Zechel C, Schleenbecker U, Leers J, Smith A, Wagner E, Burcin U, Hug H, Fiebich B, Anders A, Gröger H, Schlatterer B, Moll I, Wollina U, Leigh IM, Purkis PE, Markey A, Neill S, Proby C, Glover M, Lane EB, Klein-Szanto AJP, Yaar M, Garmyn M, Gilani A, Gilchrest BA, Bowden GT, Nelson M, Levy J, Tanooka H, Ootsuyama A, Urbach F, van der Leun JC, de Gruijl FR, Kripke ML, Yuspa SH, Glick A, Lee E, Diugosz A, Balmain A, Bums P, Kemp CJ, Stoler AB, Harks F, Boukamp P, Pascheberg U, Breitkreutz D, Hülsen A, Altmeier S, Tomakidi P, Fusenig NE, Lowy DR, Sedman SA, Cohen BD, Schiller JT, Kricker A, Armstrong BK, English D, Heenan PJ, Randell PL, de Gruijl FR, Kelfkens G, van Weelden H, van der Leun JC, Grabbe S, Bruvers S, Granstein RD, Albert R, Miller M, Cody T, Baxter C, Shukla R, Ueda M, Ichihashi M, Yamamura K, Hayashibe K, Funasaka Y, Mishima Y, Fujiwara Y, Ichihashi M, Jimbo T, Mishima Y, Popanda O, Thielmann HW, Jahrens D, Edler L, Ootsuyama A, Tanooka H, Sutter C, Mukhtar H, Strickland PT, Winter H, Schweizer J, Schmidt R, Weber E, Rippmann F, Hecker E, Kopp-Schneider A, Lehmann WD, Stephan M, Troll W, Wei H, Fujiki H, Garte SJ, Frenkel K, Svetek J, Schara M, Pečar S, Hergenhahn M, Kinzel V, Richards J, Plein P, Schiess K, Kaszkin M, Yamamoto S, Wang JC, Kato R, Kuroki T, Hashimoto Y, Osada S, Ohno S, Gilles C, Piette M, Foidart JM, Ranki A, Lassus J, Lehmus A, Niemi KM, Friesel H, Schneider T, Steinbauer B, Sorg B, Winter A, Krauter G, Krauß R, Roeser H, Unger S, Janiaud P, Rueß D, Mechler BM, Stanbridge EJ, Gross MM, Buček M, Klein-Bauernschmitt P, Schlehofer JR, Kosters R, Stark HJ, Okulov VB, Elgjo K, Ushmorov AG, Danilov AO, Zubova SG, Furstenberger G, Faissner A. Supplement II: Abstracts of the international symposium on Skin Carcinogenesis in man and in experimental models. Heidelberg, 29–31 October 1991 (pp S61–S88). J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01613300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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835
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Ruan Y, Wang H, Lu S, Zhang L, Wang Z, Wei H. Preparation and certification of lyophilized human urine for trace metals reference material in China. Asia Pac J Public Health 1991; 5:339-44. [PMID: 1844224 DOI: 10.1177/101053959100500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of lyophilized human urine certified reference material (CRM) was established on the basis of literature in other countries and domestic conditions. The homogeneity and stability of the CRM accord with the stipulations. The certified values were determined by 14 high level laboratories in China using nine methods with different principles and have been examined by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) using Inductively Coupled Plasma--Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This CRM has been approved as first grade national reference material. It can be used in quality control of routine analysis, test of new methods, and as standard material for calibration of analytical instruments and as certified reference material for quantity transmission and analysis arbitration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ruan
- School of Public Health, Beijing Medical University, People's Republic of China
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836
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Fong YM, Minei JP, Marano MA, Moldawer LL, Wei H, Shires GT, Shires GT, Lowry SF. Skeletal muscle amino acid and myofibrillar protein mRNA response to thermal injury and infection. Am J Physiol 1991; 261:R536-42. [PMID: 1716065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.3.r536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle changes associated with severe injury were investigated in male Wistar rats subjected to 30% full thickness scald injury (burn) and thermal injury followed by immediate colonization with 10(8) colony-forming units of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BI). Freely fed animals (FF) and animals pair fed to the BI animals (PF) served as controls. Thermal injury in conjunction with infection produced a rapid and sustained muscle cellular membrane depolarization (transmembrane potential difference at 12 h after injury: FF 92.1 +/- 0.3 and BI 85.2 +/- 2.3 mV; P less than 0.05). This was followed by body weight loss and skeletal muscle protein wasting (gastrocnemius protein at 7 days: FF 0.35 +/- 0.01 and BI 0.16 +/- 0.03 g; P less than 0.05) and intracellular high-energy phosphate depletion (ATP at 10 days: FF 6.6 +/- 0.4 and BI 4.5 +/- 0.4 mumol/g tissue; P less than 0.05). These body and cellular changes were not accounted for by the anorexia alone. Marked alterations in intracellular free amino acids were also noted in the BI group characterized by increases in levels of all amino acids (total intracellular free amino acids at 7 days: FF 51 +/- 7 and BI 91 +/- 12 mM; P less than 0.05) except intracellular glutamine (at 7 days: FF 6.0 +/- 0.2 and BI 2.4 +/- 0.6 mM; P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fong
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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837
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Wei H, Frenkel K. In vivo formation of oxidized DNA bases in tumor promoter-treated mouse skin. Cancer Res 1991; 51:4443-9. [PMID: 1868465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There has been a paucity of evidence showing that 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a potent tumor promoter, causes DNA damage in vivo. We show that oxidized DNA bases are formed in the epidermis of TPA-treated SENCAR mice in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and acetylation of nucleosides with [3H]acetic anhydride, these oxidized DNA derivatives include cis-thymidine glycol, 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine. Their maximal formation induced by a single TPA dose occurred within 6-8 h (a 2-5-fold increase). The level of 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine was the lowest (3.2/10(5) bases) and remained almost unchanged for 18 h; thymidine glycol (29.1/10(4) bases) and 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (17.3/10(4) bases) declined gradually but were still above controls at 24 h. Reapplication of TPA 20 h after the first dose (time of the maximal polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration) enhanced the net formation of 8-hydroxyl-2'-deoxyguanosine by 3.8-fold (P less than 0.05), of cis-thymidine glycol by 1.9-fold (P less than 0.001), and of 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine by 2.0-fold (P less than 0.01), as compared to those maximally produced by a single TPA dose. Thus, the infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into TPA-treated mouse skin, which was corroborated by histological examination and the presence of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-specific myeloperoxidase, might play an important role in TPA-induced DNA oxidation in vivo. Our findings provide proof that tumor promoters can induce genetic modification in vivo that is oxidative in nature. Hence, formation of oxidized DNA bases may be responsible for the genetic effects of tumor promoters in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016-6451
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838
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Fong YM, Marano MA, Moldawer LL, Wei H, Calvano SE, Kenney JS, Allison AC, Cerami A, Shires GT, Lowry SF. The acute splanchnic and peripheral tissue metabolic response to endotoxin in humans. J Clin Invest 1990; 85:1896-904. [PMID: 2347917 PMCID: PMC296656 DOI: 10.1172/jci114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vivo alterations in organ-specific substrate processing and endogenous mediator production induced by endotoxin were investigated in healthy volunteers. An endotoxin bolus (20 U/kg) produced increased energy expenditure, hyperglycemia, hypoaminoacidemia, and an increase in circulating free fatty acids. These changes included increased peripheral lactate and free fatty acid output, along with increased peripheral uptake of glucose. Coordinately, there were increased splanchnic uptake of oxygen, lactate, amino acids, and free fatty acids, and increased splanchnic glucose output. There were no changes in circulating glucagon, or insulin and transient changes in epinephrine and cortisol were insufficient to explain the metabolic changes. Plasma cachectin levels peaked 90 min after the endotoxin infusion, and hepatic venous (HV) cachectin levels (peak 250 +/- 50 pg/ml) were consistently higher than arterial levels (peak 130 +/- 30 pg/ml, P less than 0.05 vs. HV). No interleukin 1 alpha or 1 beta was detected in the circulation. Circulating interleukin 6, measured by B.9 hybridoma proliferation, peaked 2 h after the endotoxin challenge (arterial, 16 +/- 2 U/ml; HV, 21 +/- 3 U/ml). The net cachectin efflux (approximately 7 micrograms) from the splanchnic organs demonstrates that these tissues are a major site for production of this cytokine. Hence, splanchnic tissues are likely influenced in a paracrine fashion by regional cachectin production and may also serve as a significant source for systemic appearance of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Fong
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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839
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Wei H. [Hospital disinfection work, problems and suggestions]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1990; 25:257-60. [PMID: 2390798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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840
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Mingzhu L, Weihua T, Xianren M, Zhenjin L, Wei H, Qingyun T, Yanru R, Zhenxing L. Superconductivity and its pressure dependence in the Pb-doped Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:2517-2519. [PMID: 9993990 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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841
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Wei H, Tye L, Bresnick E, Birt DF. Inhibitory effect of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on epidermal ornithine decarboxylase and skin tumor promotion in mice. Cancer Res 1990; 50:499-502. [PMID: 2105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This investigation studied the effect of topical application of apigenin on skin tumorigenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and promoted by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in SENCAR mice. Apigenin was a potent inhibitor of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase induction by TPA in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 20 mumol. Two tumorigenesis studies were conducted. In the first study, 20 mumol of apigenin was applied topically and no effect on body weight was observed. By week 33 after DMBA initiation, 48% of DMBA/TPA-treated mice developed carcinomas, while none occurred in DMBA/apigenin/TPA-treated groups. In the second study, doses of 5 and 20 mumol of apigenin were used. The papilloma incidence for 0, 5, and 20 mumol apigenin at 26 weeks after DMBA was 93.3, 58, and 39.3%, and papilloma numbers per mouse were 7.5, 2.5, and 1.8, respectively. Apigenin prolonged by 3 weeks the latency period of tumor appearance. In addition, apigenin significantly inhibited the incidence of carcinoma and the numbers of carcinomas. The incidence of carcinomas per tumor-bearing animal and the ratio of carcinomas/papillomas in two apigenin-treated groups decreased although there were no significant differences between the three groups. These data indicate that apigenin inhibited skin papillomas and showed the tendency to decrease conversion of papillomas to carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wei
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha 68105
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842
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Marano MA, Fong Y, Moldawer LL, Wei H, Calvano SE, Tracey KJ, Barie PS, Manogue K, Cerami A, Shires GT. Serum cachectin/tumor necrosis factor in critically ill patients with burns correlates with infection and mortality. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990; 170:32-8. [PMID: 2294627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Serum cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of septic shock, may appear in the circulation during serious infection, but the frequency of detection of elevated serum levels during protracted critical burn injury is unknown. Serial serum samples taken from 43 critically ill patients with burns with and without sepsis were analyzed for TNF using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). TNF was detectable (greater than 34 picograms per milliliter) at one or more time points in 69 per cent of the patients with sepsis versus 33 per cent of those without sepsis, in 71 per cent of the patients who died versus only 31 per cent of the survivors and in only one healthy normal control patient (n = 21). The frequency of the appearance of TNF correlated with both infection and mortality rate. Moreover, all three patients with TNF levels greater than 540 picograms per milliliter died. Neither the size of the burn nor injury from inhalation correlated with detection of TNF. A subset of 16 patients was studied longitudinally from admission until resolution of injury and these data demonstrate that TNF appears transiently and repetitively in the circulation of patients during infection and protracted critical burn injury. Also, serum cortisol levels were significantly higher during sepsis and death in the absence of serum TNF, compared with sepsis and death with detectable cachectin, suggesting that cortisol may interact with the production or detection of this cytokine during ongoing infection and lethal injury. In this study, we have demonstrated that serum TNF is detectable with greater frequency and in higher concentration in patients with sepsis and in those who ultimately succumb to the burn injury, that serum TNF appears transiently and repetitively in the circulation during injury and that higher serum cortisol levels are correlated with the absence of serum TNF during sepsis and lethal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Marano
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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843
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Sasaki H, Nishimura H, Morota T, Chin M, Mitsuhashi H, Komatsu Y, Maruyama H, Guo-Rui T, Wei H, Yu-Lang X. Immunosuppressive Principles of Rehmannia glutinosa var. hueichingensis1. Planta Med 1989; 55:458-62. [PMID: 17262458 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-962064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Separation of the immunosuppressive principles from Rehmanniae radix was done by monitoring hemolytic plaque-forming cells (HPFC) inhibitory activity to give two new phenethyl alcohol glycosides: jionosides A (1) ( 4) and B (1) ( 5), along with six known compounds: acetoside, isoacteoside, purpureaside C, echinacoside, and cistanosides A and F.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sasaki
- Tsumura Laboratory, 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-11, Japan
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844
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Sherry BA, Gelin J, Fong Y, Marano M, Wei H, Cerami A, Lowry SF, Lundholm KG, Moldawer LL. Anticachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies attenuate development of cachexia in tumor models. FASEB J 1989; 3:1956-62. [PMID: 2721856 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.3.8.2721856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice bearing either a transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma or Lewis lung adenocarcinoma were passively immunized every other day with a rabbit immunoglobulin fraction raised against murine cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma developed tumor-associated hypophagia that was attenuated by anticachectin immunoglobulin treatment. In the same tumor-bearing animals, anticachectin treatment also significantly reduced the extent of carcass protein and fat loss, and reduced tumor weight. Mice bearing Lewis lung adenocarcinoma did not develop significant anorexia or carcass lean tissue depletion as tumor growth progressed, but they lost carcass lipid. Treatment of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma bearing mice with anticachectin antibodies diminished the degree of carcass lipid depletion and prevented plasma hypertriglyceridemia. However, in both tumor models, anticachectin treatment did not affect either the development of anemia, hypoalbuminemia or the increase in serum amyloid P concentrations seen with increasing tumor burden. We conclude that an endogenous cachectin response, inhibitable by exogenously administered antibody, contributes to anorexia and to changes in body fat and protein metabolism in these tumor-bearing animals. Neutralizing endogenous cachectin production with antibodies offers the potential to reduce tissue wasting that is frequently associated with neoplastic disease, but it does not appear to affect all of the hematologic and acute phase responses in these murine tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Sherry
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021
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845
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Abstract
Malnutrition is a common complicating factor in surgical illness. To investigate the cellular changes and mechanisms responsible for the protein wasting associated with nutritional deprivation, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to total protein-calorie starvation for 3 (n = 12) or 5 days (n = 12) and compared to freely fed animals monitored for 3 (n = 8) or 5 (n = 8) days. Gastrocnemius protein and RNA content and levels of mRNA coding for the myofibrillar proteins myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain, and alpha-actin were measured. Starvation resulted in a significant decrease in gastrocnemius mass and protein content, and was associated with decreases in mRNA levels for the three myofibrillar proteins assayed. We conclude that changes in mRNA levels for these proteins likely contribute to the loss of peripheral protein which occurs during total nutritional deprivation. In addition, the changes in mRNA levels for these three structural proteins appear to be coordinate, suggesting that transcription of no single myofibrillar protein is rate-limiting in the regulation of skeletal muscle protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fong
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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846
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Fong Y, Moldawer LL, Marano M, Wei H, Tatter SB, Clarick RH, Santhanam U, Sherris D, May LT, Sehgal PB. Endotoxemia elicits increased circulating beta 2-IFN/IL-6 in man. J Immunol 1989; 142:2321-4. [PMID: 2784459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
beta 2-IFN/hepatocyte stimulating factor/IL-6 is a cytokine secreted by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in cell culture that possesses diverse biologic activity including the stimulation of acute phase plasma protein synthesis and immunomodulation. The circulating levels of this cytokine in man in response to bacterial LPS (endotoxin) were studied. A single i.v. bolus of endotoxin (20 U/kg) produced a monophasic rise in circulating immunoreactive IFN-beta 2/IL-6 and IFN-beta 2/IL-6 bioactivity (hepatocyte stimulation and B cell differentiation assays) peaking 2 to 4 h after the endotoxin challenge. Peak IFN-beta 2/IL-6 levels ranged from 4.1 to 27.5 ng/ml. Associated with this was a rise in circulating C-reactive protein levels detected 20 h after the endotoxin bolus. Thus, IFN-beta 2/IL-6 is likely one of the endogenous mediators which is triggered in man during bacterial infection and likely participates in the metabolic and immune responses of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fong
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
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847
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Fong Y, Moldawer LL, Marano M, Wei H, Tatter SB, Clarick RH, Santhanam U, Sherris D, May LT, Sehgal PB. Endotoxemia elicits increased circulating beta 2-IFN/IL-6 in man. The Journal of Immunology 1989. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.142.7.2321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
beta 2-IFN/hepatocyte stimulating factor/IL-6 is a cytokine secreted by monocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in cell culture that possesses diverse biologic activity including the stimulation of acute phase plasma protein synthesis and immunomodulation. The circulating levels of this cytokine in man in response to bacterial LPS (endotoxin) were studied. A single i.v. bolus of endotoxin (20 U/kg) produced a monophasic rise in circulating immunoreactive IFN-beta 2/IL-6 and IFN-beta 2/IL-6 bioactivity (hepatocyte stimulation and B cell differentiation assays) peaking 2 to 4 h after the endotoxin challenge. Peak IFN-beta 2/IL-6 levels ranged from 4.1 to 27.5 ng/ml. Associated with this was a rise in circulating C-reactive protein levels detected 20 h after the endotoxin bolus. Thus, IFN-beta 2/IL-6 is likely one of the endogenous mediators which is triggered in man during bacterial infection and likely participates in the metabolic and immune responses of the infected host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fong
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - L L Moldawer
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - M Marano
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - H Wei
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - S B Tatter
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - R H Clarick
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - U Santhanam
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - D Sherris
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - L T May
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
| | - P B Sehgal
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center 10021
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848
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Minei JP, Fong Y, Marano MA, Moldawer LL, Jones WG, Wei H, Richardson RP, Yurt RW, Shires GT, Lowry SF. Hepatocellular membrane function during chronic burn injury. J Surg Res 1989; 46:311-6. [PMID: 2468043 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(89)90193-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular membrane dysfunction, as indicated by depolarization of the membrane potential, occurs after acute injury and early bacteremia. To determine whether hepatocellular membrane dysfunction occurs in the setting of ongoing thermal injury and infection, Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) sham-burned, freely fed controls (FF); (2) rats sustaining approximately 30% total body surface area dorsal full-thickness scald burn (Burn); (3) rats sustaining burns as in group 2 followed by immediate inoculation of 1 x 10(8) CFU Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Burn/Inf); and (4) sham-burned rats pair-fed to the food intake of the Burn/Inf group (PF). On the third and seventh days postburn, body and liver weights were determined. In vivo hepatocellular transmembrane potentials were measured and hepatic ATP, RNA, DNA, and protein contents were assayed. By Day 7, despite greater weight loss in the Burn/Inf group than due to starvation alone (P less than 0.01 Burn/Inf vs FF and PF), hepatic mass was conserved. This was associated with hyperpolarization of the hepatic transmembrane potential (-46.6 +/- 1.5 vs -32.1 +/- 0.6 mV, Burn/Inf vs FF, P less than 0.01) and increases in RNA (141 +/- 9 vs 91 +/- 4 mg/liver, Burn/Inf vs FF, P less than 0.01) and DNA (37 +/- 5 vs 22 +/- 2 mg/liver, Burn/Inf vs FF, P less than 0.05) contents, with no change in ATP or hepatic protein contents. There was a significant hypercorticosteronemia observed in the Burn/Inf group (43 +/- 9 vs 2.8 +/- 0.7 micrograms/dl, Burn/Inf vs FF, P less than 0.01). This hepatic membrane hyperpolarization and augmented RNA content were not secondary to burn or starvation alone as the response in these groups was significantly less than that of the Burn/Inf group. It is suggested that this hepatic membrane hyperpolarization is one mechanism by which hepatic function is maintained during ongoing burn infection in the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Minei
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital- Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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849
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Moldawer LL, Marano MA, Wei H, Fong Y, Silen ML, Kuo G, Manogue KR, Vlassara H, Cohen H, Cerami A. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha alters red blood cell kinetics and induces anemia in vivo. FASEB J 1989; 3:1637-43. [PMID: 2784116 DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.3.5.2784116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are often associated with decreased red blood cell (RBC) mass. The cytokines cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL 1) are produced by monocytes/macrophages in response to many inflammatory stimuli and have been implicated in the anemia of chronic disease. This study was undertaken to evaluate the mechanisms by which cachectin/TNF, IL 1, or endotoxin induce anemia. Hematologic parameters and RBC kinetics were quantitated in rats given chronic sublethal quantities of either recombinant human cachectin/TNF, recombinant human IL 1 alpha, or Salmonella endotoxin for 7 days. Cachectin/TNF or endotoxin treatment resulted in a 25 or 31% decrease, respectively, in total RBC mass, whereas RBC mass was unchanged by IL 1 administration. Anemia associated with either chronic cachectin or endotoxin administration was characterized by normal mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin content, and reticulocyte numbers. [59Fe]RBC survival was significantly shortened in animals given cachectin, IL 1 or endotoxin, but the magnitude of the response was greatest in cachectin/TNF-or endotoxin-treated rats. Although cachectin/TNF-IL 1-, or endotoxin treatment resulted in similar hypoferremia and shortened plasma iron half-life, endotoxin or cachectin/TNF treatment (but not IL 1) significantly reduced the incorporation of plasma 59Fe into newly synthesized RBCs. We conclude that chronic cachectin/TNF administration produces anemia by decreasing RBC synthesis and reducing the life span of circulating RBCs. An endogenous cachectin/TNF response during inflammatory disease may contribute to an associated anemic state, whereas the modestly reduced red cell life span induced by IL 1 does not lead to a net reduction in RBC mass, presumably owing to a preserved RBC synthetic rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, New York Hospital, Cornell University Medical Center, New York 10021
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850
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Fong Y, Moldawer LL, Marano M, Wei H, Barber A, Manogue K, Tracey KJ, Kuo G, Fischman DA, Cerami A. Cachectin/TNF or IL-1 alpha induces cachexia with redistribution of body proteins. Am J Physiol 1989; 256:R659-65. [PMID: 2784290 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1989.256.3.r659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage secretory products are suspected to participate in the severe lean tissue wasting related to chronic illness. The protein metabolic effects of chronic, 7-day cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (cachectin) or interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) administration in vivo were studied in male Wistar rats that were 1) freely fed, 2) pair fed, 3) total protein and calorie starved, 4) twice daily lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administered, 5) twice daily cachectin administered, and 6) twice daily IL-1 alpha administered. LPS, cachectin, or IL-1 alpha administration produced anorexia; weight loss in these groups was comparable to respective pair-fed animals. However, LPS, cachectin, or IL-1 alpha accelerated peripheral protein wasting while preserving liver protein content, unlike the pattern in the pair-fed or starved animals in which loss of liver proteins and relative preservation of skeletal muscle protein were observed. The decrease in skeletal muscle protein content in LPS- or cytokine-treated animals was associated with coordinate decreases in muscle mRNA levels for the myofibrillar proteins myosin heavy chain, myosin light chain, actin, and in the 18S and 28S subunits of ribosomal RNA. We conclude that chronic exposure to the cytokines, IL-1 alpha or cachectin, can simulate those body and muscle protein changes seen in experimental LPS administration or chronic disease and markedly differ from the pattern of protein redistribution due to caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fong
- Laboratory of Surgical Metabolism, New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York 10021
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