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Vijayan S, Rana V, Nagesh SS, Xiong Z, Rudin S, Bednarek D. SU-E-I-53: Comparison of Kerma-Area-Product Between the Micro-Angiographic Fluoroscope (MAF) and a Flat Panel Detector (FPD) as Used in Neuro-Endovascular Procedures. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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52
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Vijayan S, Rana V, Xiong Z, Nagesh SS, Rudin S, Bednarek D. TH-AB-201-01: A Real-Time Skin-Dose Mapping System for Region-Of-Interest (ROI) Fluoroscopy. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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53
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Han X, Xiong Z, Zhang X, Liu H. Multi-tunable self-assembled morphologies of stimuli-responsive diblock polyampholyte films on solid substrates. Soft Matter 2015; 11:2139-2146. [PMID: 25631073 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intelligent polymers, due to their sensitive stimuli response to changes in the environment, have gained increasing amounts of attention over recent years and have become a popular topic in polymer materials science. In this study, the aggregation behaviors and stimuli responses of the stimuli-responsive diblock polyampholyte poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PDMAEMA-b-PAA) are conveniently tunable by introducing pH changes, temperature changes, salt addition and surfactant neutralization. Under different pH values, either globular or fractal self-assemblies can be observed in which the latter have crystal properties. Salts and alkalis can promote the fractal aggregation growth because their deposited crystals can act as nucleation sites for the polyampholyte chains. A combination of fluorescence spectroscopy, atom force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the presence of anionic surfactants in the PDMAEMA-b-PAA solutions promoted the solubility of the polyampholyte, consequently leading to a more homogeneous distribution of the polymer chains on the solid substrate upon drying the mixtures. The fractal formation was suppressed for the studied Gemini surfactants, and a higher surfactant hydrophobicity results in an earlier start of the formation of the fractal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Han
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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54
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Qiu Y, Yao J, Wu X, Zhou B, Shao H, Hua T, Xiong Z, Tang G. Longitudinal assessment of oxytocin efficacy on bone and bone marrow fat masses in a rabbit osteoporosis model through 3.0-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy and micro-CT. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1081-92. [PMID: 25690480 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2933-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study aims to longitudinally assess the effect of oxytocin on bone and bone fat masses using micro-CT, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and histopathological adipocyte quantification. Early in vivo oxytocin (OT) treatment to the osteoporosis (OP) rabbit model may reliably inhibit bone degeneration and reduce bone marrow fat accumulation by decreasing marrow adipocyte size and density. INTRODUCTION This study aims to longitudinally assess the effect of early OT treatment on bone and bone fat masses in a rabbit OP model by comparing the results of MRS and micro-CT with histopathological findings. METHODS Sixty 20-week-old female rabbits were randomly assigned into three groups. The control and OP groups were subjected to either sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). The OT group was subcutaneously injected with OT daily from the second week after OVX for 8 weeks. The left proximal femurs of the rabbits were evaluated through MRS, micro-CT, and histopathological examination at 0, 4, 8, 10, and 12 weeks after operation. Differences in fat fraction (FF) values, micro-CT parameters, and calculated pathological marrow adipocytes among three groups were analyzed. RESULTS The FF values of the OP group significantly increased (p = 0.019), but the tissue mineral density (TMD) decreased (p = 0.037) from eighth week compared with those of the control group. The FF values of the OT group significantly decreased (p = 0.044), but the TMD values increased (p = 0.042) from eighth week compared with those of the OP group. The adypocyte diameter of the OT group significantly decreased (p = 0.041) from eighth week and then adypocyte density did so too from tenth week, compared with those of the OP group at the same time point. No difference in adypocyte calculation was found between the OT and control groups until the 12th week after operation. CONCLUSION Early in vivo OT treatment slowed down bone deterioration and reduced bone marrow adiposity accumulation in a rabbit OP model, which is consistent with pathologic findings. OT treatment is a promising preventive OP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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55
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Zhao XH, Li Q, Ma XM, Xiong Z, Quan FY, Xia YZ. Alginate fibers embedded with silver nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for reduction of 4-nitrophenol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07821k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted much attention as promising catalysts in various electron transfer reactions due to their high catalytic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. H. Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
| | - Q. Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
| | - X. M. Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
| | - Z. Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
| | - F. Y. Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
| | - Y. Z. Xia
- State Key Laboratory Cultivating Base for New Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- Qingdao University
- Qingdao 266071
- PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers
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He X, Zhou C, Zheng L, Xiong Z. Overexpression of MTA1 promotes invasiveness and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells. Ir J Med Sci 2014; 183:433-8. [PMID: 24214543 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-013-1034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of metastasis-associated gene MTA1 on proliferation and invasion potential of ovarian cancer cell line A2780. METHODS The eukaryotic expressing vector pcDNA3. 1-MTA1 was introduced into A2780 cells by gene transfection in vitro. The MTA1 mRNA and protein level in cancer cells were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot, respectively. The growth activities of cancer cells were detected by trypan blue stain method. The clone formation assay in soft agar was used to observe the proliferation of cancer cells. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells. And the protein level of bcl-xL in ovarian cancer cells was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. The TUNEL assay was performed to study the apoptosis of tumor cells. RESULTS Seventy-two hours after transfection, the MTA1 expression increased significantly (P < 0.01). The up-regulation of MTA1 did not affect the growth activities of cancer cells (P > 0.05), but it promoted clone formation, migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells (P < 0.01). The cellular expression of bcl-xL increased 65.22 %, with a PI value of (71.64 ± 5.96) %. With the up-regulation of MTA1 and bcl-xL level, the apoptotic rate of A2780 cell was decreased. CONCLUSIONS MTA1 gene plays an important role in progression and metastasis of ovarian cancers, which provides an ideal strategy for gene therapy of ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang, Ave 1277#, Hubei, Wuhan, 430022, China
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Xiong Z, Lin H, Jing J, Cai J, Dai Y. SU-E-T-283: Research of the Irradiation Damage to the Skin Cell by the Contaminative Electron in External Radiotherapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Jing J, Lin H, Xiong Z. SU-E-T-141: Effect of a Single Gold Nanoparticle with Different Sizes Inside a Small Water Phantom. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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59
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Xiong Z, Zhao S, Mao X, Lu X, He G, Yang G, Chen M, Ishaq M, Ostrikov K. Selective neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells induced by nanosecond microplasma agitation. Stem Cell Res 2013; 12:387-99. [PMID: 24374291 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential step for therapeutic and research applications of stem cells is their ability to differentiate into specific cell types. Neuronal cells are of great interest for medical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic injuries of central nervous system (CNS), but efforts to produce these cells have been met with only modest success. In an attempt of finding new approaches, atmospheric-pressure room-temperature microplasma jets (MPJs) are shown to effectively direct in vitro differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) predominantly into neuronal lineage. Murine neural stem cells (C17.2-NSCs) treated with MPJs exhibit rapid proliferation and differentiation with longer neurites and cell bodies eventually forming neuronal networks. MPJs regulate ~75% of NSCs to differentiate into neurons, which is a higher efficiency compared to common protein- and growth factors-based differentiation. NSCs exposure to quantized and transient (~150 ns) micro-plasma bullets up-regulates expression of different cell lineage markers as β-Tubulin III (for neurons) and O4 (for oligodendrocytes), while the expression of GFAP (for astrocytes) remains unchanged, as evidenced by quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence microscopy and Western Blot assay. It is shown that the plasma-increased nitric oxide (NO) production is a factor in the fate choice and differentiation of NSCs followed by axonal growth. The differentiated NSC cells matured and produced mostly cholinergic and motor neuronal progeny. It is also demonstrated that exposure of primary rat NSCs to the microplasma leads to quite similar differentiation effects. This suggests that the observed effect may potentially be generic and applicable to other types of neural progenitor cells. The application of this new in vitro strategy to selectively differentiate NSCs into neurons represents a step towards reproducible and efficient production of the desired NSC derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - S Zhao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) HUST Part, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - X Mao
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) HUST Part, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - X Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - G He
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) HUST Part, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - G Yang
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) HUST Part, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - M Chen
- The Genetic Engineering International Cooperation Base of Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, Chinese National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan) HUST Part, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - M Ishaq
- Transformational Biology TCP and Plasma Nanoscience Laboratories, CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P. O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia
| | - K Ostrikov
- Transformational Biology TCP and Plasma Nanoscience Laboratories, CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, P. O. Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia; Brain Dynamics Group, Complex Systems, School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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60
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Deng M, Chen P, Liu F, Fu S, Tang H, Fu Y, Xiong Z, Hui S, Ji W, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gong L, Hu X, Hu W, Sun S, Liu J, Xiao L, Liu WB, Xiao YM, Liu SJ, Liu Y, Li DWC. The p53-Bak apoptotic signaling axis plays an essential role in regulating differentiation of the ocular lens. Curr Mol Med 2013; 12:901-16. [PMID: 22671997 DOI: 10.2174/156652412802480899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a master regulator of apoptosis and also plays a key role in cell cycle checking. In our previous studies, we demonstrated that p53 directly regulates Bak in mouse JB6 cells (Qin et al. 2008. Cancer Research. 68(11):4150) and that p53-Bak signaling axis plays an important role in mediating EGCG-induced apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that the same p53-Bak apoptotic signaling axis executes an essential role in regulating lens cell differentiation. First, during mouse lens development, p53 is expressed and differentially phosphorylated at different residues. Associated with p53 expression, Bak is also significantly expressed during mouse lens development. Second, human p53 directly regulates Bak promoter and Bak expression in p53 knockout mice (p53-/-) was significantly downregulated. Third, during in vitro bFGF-induced lens cell differentiation, knockdown of p53 or Bak leads to significant inhibition of lens cell differentiation. Fourth, besides the major distribution of Bak in cytoplasm, it is also localized in the nucleus in normal lens or bFGF-induced differentiating lens cells. Finally, p53 and Bak are co-localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus, and their interaction regulates the stability of p53. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time that the p53-Bak apoptotic signaling axis plays an essential role in regulating lens differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5870, USA
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Zheng W, Jiang H, Xiong Z, Jiang Z, Chen H. Efficacy of Pyrimethamine/Sulfadoxine versus Chloroquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Children Aged Under 5 Years. Iran J Parasitol 2013; 8:1-17. [PMID: 23682255 PMCID: PMC3655235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The children aged under 5 years from vast African areas badly suffer from falciparum malaria and many of them die of this disease. Therapeutic efficacy of anti-malaria drugs, especially pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PS) and chloroquine (CQ) to falciparum malaria is frequently evaluated and reported in recent 10 years. Unfortunately, to date, these widespread materials and researches have not been systematically collected and analyzed. In our study, two investigators were employed to widely and independently gather researches on efficacy of PS vs. CQ mono-therapy of falciparum malaria in children aged below 5 years in unpublished and published databases. Meta-analyses were conducted in categories of PS group and CQ group respectively. Pooled OR of PS vs. CQ was 0.11 (95%CI, 0.05-0.24). PS showed higher therapeutic efficacy to falciparum malaria in less-than-5-year children than CQ. Random model was chosen to analyze for the heterogeneity existence between different studies. Subgroup analyses were performed, but heterogeneity was still presented. Heterogeneity might be caused by different resistance of falciparum malaria to PS and CQ in different settings. Malaria type associated with parasite species, basic information of PS and CQ, and PS & CQ resistant malaria control measures were demonstrated and discussed respectively in detail in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zheng
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China,Corresponding author:
| | - H Jiang
- Basic Medical College, Whuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Z Xiong
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China
| | - Z Jiang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - H Chen
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, 330038, China
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Xiong Z, Zhu C, Qian X, Zhu J, Wu Z, Chen L. Serum uric acid is associated with dietary and lifestyle factors in elderly women in suburban Guangzhou in Guangdong province of south China. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:30-4. [PMID: 23299375 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and lifestyle risk factors for hyperuricemia in elderly women. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING The suburban area of Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. PARTICIPANTS The study included 856 Chinese women aged 60 to 102 years who received their annual health examinations in the suburban area of Guangzhou, south China in 2002. MEASUREMENTS Information on anthropometric measurements and lifestyle factors were obtained via a questionnaire processed by the attending physicians or nurses. Blood biochemistry was performed after subjects fasted for 8-14 h. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to investigate associations between hyperuricemia, meat intake quintiles, physical activity quintiles, and alcohol intake quintiles. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperuricemia in the studied population was 12.01%. Alcohol, meat and seafood consumption; being overweight or obese; hypertension; and abnormal triglyceride levels were strongly associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. Physical activity was inversely related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia. The odds ratios for hyperuricemia for quintiles of physical activity were 1.00, 0.74, 0.72, 0.63, and 0.55 (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the prevalence of hyperuricemia is high in elderly women in suburban Guangzhou in Guangdong province of South China. Obesity, meat and seafood intake and alcohol consumption are associated with a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia, whereas daily physical activity is inversely related to the prevalence of hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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63
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McGary J, Chen J, Xiong Z. Electromagnetic Tracking for Tomotherapy Systems. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Xu X, Zhang L, Tong P, Xun G, Su W, Xiong Z, Zhu T, Zheng Y, Luo S, Pan Y, Xia K, Hu Z. Exome sequencing identifiesUPF3Bas the causative gene for a Chinese non-syndrome mental retardation pedigree. Clin Genet 2012; 83:560-4. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - G Xun
- Mental Health Center; Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center; Jinan; Shandong; China
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Mcgary J, Chen J, Xiong Z. SU-E-J-159: Electromagnetic Tracking during 4DCT. Med Phys 2012; 39:3689. [PMID: 28518944 DOI: 10.1118/1.4734997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Real-time, electromagnetic tumor tacking during 4DCT is an unsolved problem. The underlying problem is due to eddy current magnetic fields generated within the conducting surfaces in response to the source's alternating magnetic fields.To solve this problem, we developed a method to separate the source from the background fields, which can be measured with simple search coil sensors, such as those used by the Calypso (Seattle, WA) tracking system. METHOD We modeled the environment using ANSYS Maxwell electromagnetic simulation software. The gantry was modeled as a 5 mm thick × 1.2 m diameter stainless-steel cylinder, with variable length. The transponder solenoid was modeled as a 10 mm × 1 mm conducting cylinder, with azimuth directed current, which was assumed to have a frequency range of 300-500 kHz. The search coil configuration was assumed to be a 5 × 5 array of 5-7 cm square current loops with 6.7 cmseparation. An algorithm based on free space calculations and measurements was developed to calculate the solenoid position within the cylinder, in the presences of relatively large eddy magnetic fields that were generated at the same frequency as the source. RESULTS Of the various methods and sensor configurations investigated, we found a method that localized the transponder solenoid within 1 mm over all solenoid locations and gantry lengths. We also found that gradient techniques did not significantly increase localization accuracy as expected. Complex solutions were found but not suitable for rapid clinical implementation. CONCLUSIONS This method can be used to localize a Calypso® Beacon transponder during 4DCT to accurately track tumor positions. Furthermore, the method was based on inexpensive search coils with comparable dimensions to preserve the source-sensor distance. The next task is to create a system and investigate clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mcgary
- University of Houston, Houston, Tx.,University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - J Chen
- University of Houston, Houston, Tx.,University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Z Xiong
- University of Houston, Houston, Tx.,University of Houston, Houston, TX
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Wang JH, Zhang SY, Gong D, Wu YP, Zhang YL, Yu NT, Liu ZX, Xiong Z. First Report of Chilli ringspot virus on Chili Pepper in China. Plant Dis 2012; 96:462. [PMID: 30727102 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-11-0922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases have been a major limiting factor in the production of chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacp. cv. Yellow Lantern) in Hainan Province, China. In a 2009 disease survey, we found heavily infected fields of chili pepper exhibiting typical viral disease symptoms in three counties in Hainan. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 14 randomly sampled plants and used as templates for reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using a pair of primers (forward 5' CGTAGACAACACACTCATGGT 3', reverse 5' GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC(T)16 3') that were originally designed to detect Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) (2). PCR fragments of 1.6 kb were amplified from the diseased but not the symptom-free samples and were subsequently sequenced. While most samples were found to be infected with ChiVMV, sequences of PCR fragments from three samples showed identities greater than 90% to two sequences of Chilli ringspot virus (ChiRSV), a member of Potyviridae, available in GenBank (Accession Nos. DQ925439 and DQ925438) (1), but less than 60% to that of the Hainan isolate of ChiVMV (Accession No. GQ981316), a distinct potyvirus (2). Furthermore, two of the samples contained one ChiRSV genotype while the third sample contained a different ChiRSV genotype, with a sequence identity of 91.7% between the two. Using these sequences, we subsequently designed a pair of primers (forward 5' TGGGATAGAGCATCTGAGC 3' and reverse 5' GAGTCATTTAGGTCATAATCAGTTT 3') for specific amplification of ChiRSV but not ChiVMV by RT-PCR. A ChiRSV-specific 0.6-kb DNA fragment was amplified from 8 of the 14 samples. Sequencing of these amplicons confirmed the presence of ChiRSV in these samples. Flexuous, rod-shaped virus particles, typical of the potyviruses, were observed by electron microscopy in the virion preparations purified from chili plants infected only with ChiRSV. Virion protein was purified and subjected to analysis by the MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometer (BGI, Shenzhen, China), yielding 35 peptide fragments that share the highest sequence homology to the coat protein of Vietnamese ChiRSV C8 and C9 isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. ABL09413 and ABL09414) (1) with protein sequence coverage of 61.8% and 52.9%, respectively. On the basis of these data, we concluded that the chili plants in Hainan were infected with ChiRSV. This virus was first reported in Vietnam in 2008 (1) but has not been found elsewhere. Leaves of the chili plants infected only with the Hainan isolate of ChiRSV displayed green banding along the main and major lateral veins, light interveinal chlorosis, and crinkling, similar to the symptoms of ChiVMV previously reported in Hainan (2). However, ChiVMV-infected leaves were notably more distorted than those infected by ChiRSV. We did not observe the characteristic ringspots described on ChiRSV-infected chili peppers in Vietnam (1). The difference in the symptoms may be accounted for by different ChiRSV genotypes, chili varieties, or a combination of both. The finding of two distinct viruses causing similar symptoms will help to improve identification and management of viral diseases on chili peppers. References: (1) C. Ha et al. Arch. Virol. 153:45, 2008. (2) J. Wang et al. Plant Dis. 90:377, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - S-Y Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - D Gong
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - Y-P Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - Y-L Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - N-T Yu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - Z-X Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P. R. China
| | - Z Xiong
- BIO5 Institute and School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721
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67
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Xiong Z, Luo S, Xu X, Zhang L, Peng H, Li W, Xue J, Chen X, Hu Z, Xia K. Novel FLG mutations associated with ichthyosis vulgaris in the Chinese population. Clin Exp Dermatol 2012; 37:177-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is growing interest in the clinical application of red blood cell (RBC) microparticle (MP) enumeration as they have been postulated to be effectors of coagulation and inflammation following transfusion and in sickle cell disease. No uniform approach in MP enumeration exists and a key limitation is the lack of an internal validation process. We present and validate a flow cytometric approach where an internal standard is utilized. MATERIALS AND METHODS Glycophorin A(+) Annexin V(+) events were enumerated using MPs isolated from RBC units or plasma samples obtained from volunteers. A mixture of absolute counting (7·6 μm) and calibration beads (0·5, 0·9 and 3 μm) at a fixed ratio was added to each sample. RESULTS RBC MPs were initially selected based upon a fluorescence threshold, and the 0·5- and 0·9-μm beads defined the upper and lower light scatter distribution of MPs. The ratio of 7·6:3-μm bead events was used as an internal standard to validate the precision of MP enumeration across samples (coefficient of variation = 2·5-7·2%) and remained constant in both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-free plasma (PFP). RBC MP counts increased in both PRP and PFP obtained from whole blood stimulated with ionophore and increasing calcium concentrations, with PRP showing higher MP counts than PFP at every concentration studied. CONCLUSION This method is a useful strategy to detect RBC MP counts across bio-samples provided that the flow cytometer can reliably discriminate the size of the calibration beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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69
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Acosta-Leal R, Duffy S, Xiong Z, Hammond RW, Elena SF. Advances in plant virus evolution: translating evolutionary insights into better disease management. Phytopathology 2011; 101:1136-48. [PMID: 21554186 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-11-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies in plant virus evolution are revealing that genetic structure and behavior of virus and viroid populations can explain important pathogenic properties of these agents, such as host resistance breakdown, disease severity, and host shifting, among others. Genetic variation is essential for the survival of organisms. The exploration of how these subcellular parasites generate and maintain a certain frequency of mutations at the intra- and inter-host levels is revealing novel molecular virus-plant interactions. They emphasize the role of host environment in the dynamic genetic composition of virus populations. Functional genomics has identified host factors that are transcriptionally altered after virus infections. The analyses of these data by means of systems biology approaches are uncovering critical plant genes specifically targeted by viruses during host adaptation. Also, a next-generation resequencing approach of a whole virus genome is opening new avenues to study virus recombination and the relationships between intra-host virus composition and pathogenesis. Altogether, the analyzed data indicate that systematic disruption of some specific parameters of evolving virus populations could lead to more efficient ways of disease prevention, eradication, or tolerable virus-plant coexistence.
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70
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Chen B, Xiong Z, Ma Y, Liu C, Dong Y. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through regulation of FOXO3a/MAFbx signalling pathway. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-300867.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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71
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Navabi ZK, Parkin IAP, Pires JC, Xiong Z, Thiagarajah MR, Good AG, Rahman MH. Introgression of B-genome chromosomes in a doubled haploid population of Brassica napus x B. carinata. Genome 2010; 53:619-29. [PMID: 20725149 DOI: 10.1139/g10-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The Brassica B-genome species possess many valuable agronomic and disease resistance traits. To transfer traits from the B genome of B. carinata into B. napus, an interspecific cross between B. napus and B. carinata was performed and a doubled haploid (DH) population was generated from the BC2S3 generation. Successful production of interspecific DH lines as identified using B-genome microsatellite markers is reported. Five percent of DH lines carry either intact B-genome chromosomes or chromosomes that have deletions. All of the DH lines have linkage group J13/B7 in common. This was further confirmed using B. nigra genomic DNA in a fluorescent in situ hybridization assay where the B-genome chromosomes were visualized and distinguished from the A- and C-genome chromosomes. The 60 DH lines were also evaluated for morphological traits in the field for two seasons and were tested for resistance to blackleg, caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, under greenhouse conditions. Variation in the DH population followed a normal distribution for several agronomic traits and response to blackleg. The lines with B-genome chromosomes were significantly different (p < 0.01) from the lines without B-genome chromosomes for both morphological and seed quality traits such as days to flowering, days to maturity, and erucic acid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Navabi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, 4-10 Agric/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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72
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Abstract
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) contigs have been genetically mapped to the 10 linkage groups of Brassica rapa by BAC end sequences (BES). To integrate the genetic, physical, and cytogenetic maps, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to anchor the assembly of BAC contigs onto Brassica chromosomes using representative BACs. This BAC-FISH approach can be used to identify chromosome arms on separate mitotic metaphase chromosomes or to map multiple BACs to single long pachytene chromosomes. As part of an international consortium that is sequencing the B. rapa genome, we integrated the linkage and physical maps with the B. rapa cytogenetic map for chromosome A7 by hybridizing BACs to mitotic chromosomes and along the length of pachytene chromosome spreads. A total of 31 BACs that were putatively located on A7 were used as probes for FISH analyses; however, only 19 BACs mapped unambiguously to A7 while the remaining BACs either mapped to other chromosomes or hybridized to multiple locations. We then created a multicolor FISH cocktail of 16 BAC probes to simultaneously hybridize the entire length of the A7 chromosome. We successfully applied the 16 A7 BAC probe mix to B. rapa, B. oleracea, and domesticated and resynthesized genotypes of B. napus to demonstrate that this approach can facilitate studies of genome evolution by integrating the genetic, physical, and cytogenetic maps among closely related species of Brassica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Division of Biological Sciences, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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73
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Li C, Yang C, Peng X, Xiong Z, Li F. Simultaneous Determination of Neoeriocitrin and Naringin in Rat Plasma After Oral Administration of a Chinese Compound Formulation by UPLC-MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2010; 48:342-7. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/48.5.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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74
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Xu G, Xiong Z, Yong Y, Wang Z, Ke Z, Xia Z, Hu Y. Catalpol attenuates MPTP induced neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway in mice through elevating glial cell derived neurotrophic factor in striatum. Neuroscience 2010; 167:174-84. [PMID: 20123001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of an iridoid catalpol extracted and purified from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Rehmannia glutinosa on the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway was studied in a chronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)/probenecid C57BL/6 mouse model and in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridimium (MPP(+)) intoxicated cultured mesencephalic neurons. Rotarod performance revealed that the locomotor ability of mice was significantly impaired after completion of model production and maintained thereafter for at least 4 weeks. Catalpol orally administered for 8 weeks (starting from the second week of model production) dose dependently improved the locomotor ability. HPLC revealed that catalpol significantly elevated striatal dopamine levels without changing the metabolite/dopamine ratios. Nor did it bind to dopamine receptors. Therefore it is unlikely that catalpol resembles any of the known compounds for treating Parkinsonism. Instead, catalpol dose dependently raised the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neuron number in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) density and the striatal glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein level. Linear regression revealed that both the TH neuron number and DAT density were positively correlated to the GDNF level. In the cultured mesencephalic neurons, MPP(+) decreased the dopaminergic neuron number and shortened the neurite length, whereas catalpol showed protective effect dose dependently. Furthermore, the expression of GDNF mRNA was up-regulated by catalpol to a peak nearly double of normal control in neurons intoxicated with MPP(+) for 24 h but not in normal neurons. The GDNF receptor tyrosine kinase RET inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)-pyrazolo-[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP1) abolished the protective effect of catalpol either partially (TH positive neuron number) or completely (neurite length). Taken together, catalpol improves locomotor ability by attenuating the neuronal degeneration of nigral-striatal dopaminergic pathway, and this attenuation is at least partially through elevating the striatal GDNF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Xu
- Research Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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75
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Xiong Z, Liu H, Song X, Hao R. O1011 AQPs expression and regulation at human placenta and fetal membranes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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76
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Judlin P, Liao Q, Zhu J, Xiong Z, Hu L, Zhang S, Geng L, Wibowo N. O429 Efficacy and safety of moxifloxacin vs levofloxacin plus metronidazole in uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease in Asia: the MONALISA Study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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77
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Zheng Z, Xiong Z, Liu H, Ma T. O1056 New discovers from AQP1 and AQP8 knockout pregnant mice. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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78
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Yan Y, Xiong Z, Zhang S, Song J, Huang Y, Thornton AM, Wang H, Yang XF. CD25high T cells with a prolonged survival inhibit development of diabetes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 21:767-80. [PMID: 19144262 DOI: 10.1177/039463200802100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study is to examine a novel hypothesis that the progression of diabetes is partially due to the weakened survival of CD25high T cells, and prolonging survival of CD25high T cells inhibits the development of diabetes. Since CD28 co-stimulation is essential for the survival of CD4+CD25high T cells, we determined whether CD28-upregulated translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) prolongs the survival of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells (Tregs) by a transgenic approach. The TCTP transgene prevents Tregs from undergoing apoptosis induced by interleukin-2 withdrawal-, dexamethasone-, cyclophosphamide-, and anti-Fas treatment in vitro. In addition, transgenic Tregs express higher levels of FOXP3 than wild-type counterparts and maintain suppressive activity, suggesting that TCTP promotes Tregs escape from thymic negative selection, and that prolonged survival does not attenuate Treg suppression. Moreover, TCTP transgenic Tregs inhibit the development of autoimmune diabetes due to increased survival of suppressive Tregs and decreased expression of pancreatic TNF-alpha. Promoting the survival of CD25high T cells leads to prolonged survival of Tregs but not activated CD25+ non-Treg T cells. Thus, we propose a new model of "two phase survival" for Tregs. Our results suggest that modulation of Treg survival can be developed as a new therapy for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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79
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Yu D, Li Q, Mu X, Chang T, Xiong Z. Bone regeneration of critical calvarial defect in goat model by PLGA/TCP/rhBMP-2 scaffolds prepared by low-temperature rapid-prototyping technology. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 37:929-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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80
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Xu XQ, Xiong Z, Gao Z, Nevins WM, McKee GR. TEMPEST simulations of collisionless damping of the geodesic-acoustic mode in edge-plasma pedestals. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:215001. [PMID: 18518611 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.215001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The fully nonlinear (full-f) four-dimensional TEMPEST gyrokinetic continuum code correctly produces the frequency and collisionless damping of geodesic-acoustic modes (GAMs) and zonal flow, with fully nonlinear Boltzmann electrons for the inverse aspect ratio scan and the tokamak safety factor q scan in homogeneous plasmas. TEMPEST simulations show that the GAMs exist in the edge pedestal for steep density and temperature gradients in the form of outgoing waves. The enhanced GAM damping may explain experimental beam emission spectroscopy measurements on the edge q scaling of the GAM amplitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Xu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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81
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Lu YW, Shen WT, Zhou P, Tang QJ, Niu YM, Peng M, Xiong Z. Complete genomic sequence of a Papaya ringspot virus isolate from Hainan Island, China. Arch Virol 2008; 153:991-3. [PMID: 18357409 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-008-0056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lu
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture Sciences, 571101 Haikou, Hainan, China.
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82
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Goldberg DR, Choi Y, Cogan D, Corson M, DeLeon R, Gao A, Gruenbaum L, Hao MH, Joseph D, Kashem MA, Miller C, Moss N, Netherton MR, Pargellis CP, Pelletier J, Sellati R, Skow D, Torcellini C, Tseng YC, Wang J, Wasti R, Werneburg B, Wu JP, Xiong Z. Pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 18:938-41. [PMID: 18221871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of pyrazinoindolone inhibitors of MAPKAP-K2 (MK2) provides a reasonable balance of cellular potency and physicochemical properties. Mechanistic studies support the inhibition of MK2 which is responsible for the sub-micromolar cellular efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Goldberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Research and Development Center, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
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83
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Xiong Z, Liu E, Yan Y, Silver RT, Yang F, Chen IH, Hodge I, Verstovsek S, Segura FJ, Wang H, Prchal J, Yang XF. A novel unconventional antigen MPD5 elicits anti-tumor humoral immune responses in a subset of patients with polycythemia vera. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:373-80. [PMID: 17624250 PMCID: PMC2892688 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to define the antigenic mechanism that contributes to beneficial therapeutic outcome in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), we screened a human testis cDNA library with serological cloning derived from sera of three PV patients who had undergone therapeutic-induced remission. As a result, we identified a novel antigen, MPD5, which belongs to the group of cryptic antigens with unconventional genomic intron/exon structure. Moreover, MPD5 elicited IgG antibody responses in a subset of PV patients who had benefited from a variety of therapies--including IFN-alpha, Hydroxyurea, Imatinib mesylate, Anagrelide, and phlebotomy--but not in untreated PV patients or healthy donors, suggesting that MPD5 is a PV-associated, therapy-related antigen. In the granulocytes of PV patients who are responsive to therapy, upregulated MPD5 expression may serve to enhance immune responses. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism underlying regulation of the self-antigen repertoire that elicits anti-tumor immune responses in patients with myeloproliferative diseases, indicating the potential of these self-antigens as targets of novel immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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84
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Gajjar A, Merchant T, Sklar C, Wallace D, Xiong Z, Shelso J, Broniscer A, Fouladi M, Kun L, Laughton S. Endocrine outcome for children with embryonal brain tumors treated with craniospinal irradiation on the SJMB96 trial. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.9571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9571 Background: To investigate the relationship between endocrine deficits with the radiation (RT) dose to the hypothalamic- pituitary axis (HPA) in medulloblastoma/PNET patients treated with risk-adapted craniospinal irradiation (CSI) followed by chemotherapy. Methods: 88 patients who survived at least 2 years from diagnosis were included in this analysis. CSI doses were 23.4 Gy or 36–39.6 Gy depending on clinical risk; the primary tumor site received 55.8 Gy. All pts had regular endocrine follow-up and screening to test for growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone (TH) and adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH) deficiency. Patients that had abnormal results on the screening tests underwent further evaluation by stimulation testing of the HPA. Only patients diagnosed with central hypothyroidism were included in the analysis for TH deficiency. Results: Of the 88 pts included in the study cohort, 77 pts had abnormal screening tests and underwent provocative testing. The median radiation dose to the hypothalamus was 42 Gy (26–57 Gy) and pituitary was 44 Gy (26–58 Gy). Patients receiving higher RT doses to the pituitary had a significantly higher incidence of growth hormone deficiency with 4-year estimates of 100 ±3% for those receiving = 44Gy and 82±7% for those receiving < 44 Gy (p=0.024). Four-year estimates of thyroid hormone deficiency for patients receiving = 44 Gy to the pituitary were 67±21% and 18±14% for those receiving < 44 Gy (p<0.010). There was no correlation between the dose to the pituitary with the incidence of ACTH deficiency. The estimated change in height z-score for patients receiving < 44 Gy to the pituitary was - 0.53 units per year (-0.44 to -0.63) compared with -0.70 units per year (-0.62 to -0.78) for those receiving = 44 Gy. Conclusions: Data from this prospective study demonstrate that RT to the HPA is the key determinant for developing endocrinopathies in patients with medulloblastoma/PNET. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gajjar
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - T. Merchant
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - C. Sklar
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - D. Wallace
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Z. Xiong
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - J. Shelso
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - A. Broniscer
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - M. Fouladi
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - L. Kun
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - S. Laughton
- St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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85
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Yan Y, Chen Y, Yang F, Chen IH, Xiong Z, Wang J, Lachman LB, Wang H, Yang XF. HLA-A2.1-restricted T cells react to SEREX-defined tumor antigen CML66L and are suppressed by CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 20:75-89. [PMID: 17346430 PMCID: PMC2919235 DOI: 10.1177/039463200702000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether T cell responses to SEREX-defined tumor antigens are under regulation of naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (nTreg cells) has not been answered. To address this issue, we first identified an HLA-A2.1-restricted T cell antigen epitope of SEREX-identified tumor antigen CML66L, 66Pa. The HLA-A2.1/66Pa peptide complex in vitro stimulated the in vivo-primed T cells as shown by increased T cell proliferation, higher secretion of the T cell cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), increased production of intracellular IFN-gamma in CD8+ T cells, and higher T cell-mediated cytotoxicities of CML66L+ human tumor cells. This suggests that CML66L elicits T cell immune responses. We also developed a novel internal reference epitope for identification of T cell epitopes by construction of chimeric CML66L containing myeloid antigen proteinase 3 epitope Pr1 as a control. Finally, we found that nTreg cells regulates T cell responses to 66Pa, and that depletion of nTreg cells via a pro-apoptotic protein Bax-dependent mechanism enhances polyclonal T cell responses to 66Pa. These findings provide new insights into the T cell participation in SEREX-defined anti-tumor immune responses and novel direction in enhancement of anti-leukemia immunotherapy by modulation of homeostasis of nTreg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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86
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Yang XF, Mirkovic D, Zhang S, Zhang QE, Yan Y, Xiong Z, Yang F, Chen IH, Li L, Wang H. Processing sites are different in the generation of HLA-A2.1-restricted, T cell reactive tumor antigen epitopes and viral epitopes. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2007; 19:853-70. [PMID: 17166407 PMCID: PMC2888035 DOI: 10.1177/039463200601900415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the processing efficiency of T cell tumor antigen epitopes, this bioinformatic study compares proteolytic sites in the generation of 47 experimentally identified HLA-A2.1-restricted immunodominant tumor antigen epitopes to those of 52 documented HLA-A2.1-restricted immunodominant viral antigen epitopes. Our results show that the amino acid frequencies in the C-terminal cleavage sites of the tumor antigen epitopes, as well as several positions within the 10 amino acid (aa) flanking regions, are significantly different from those of the viral antigen epitopes. In the 9 amino acid epitope region, frequencies differed somewhat in the secondary-anchored amino acid residues on E3 (the third aa of the epitope), E4, E6, E7 and E8; however, frequencies in the primary-anchored positions, on E2 and E9, for binding in the HLA-A2.1 groove, remained almost identical. The most frequently occurring amino acid pairs in both N-terminal and C-terminal cleavage sites in the generation of tumor antigen epitopes were different from those of the viral antigen epitopes. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that these two groups of epitopes may be cleaved by distinct sets of proteasomes and peptidases or similar enzymes with lower efficiencies for tumor epitopes. In the future, in order to more effectively generate tumor antigen epitopes, targeted activation of the immunoproteasomes and peptidases that mediate the cleavage of viral epitopes could be achieved, thus enhancing our potential for antigen-specific tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- X F Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA.
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Zhang Q, Miao Z, Guo Z, Dong F, Xiong Z, Wu X, Chen D, Li C, Jiao B. Optical readout uncooled infrared imaging detector using knife-edge filter operation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11801-007-7014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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88
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Abstract
Intracellular calcium toxicity remains the central feature in the pathophysiology of ischaemic cell death in brain. Glutamate-gated channels have been thought to be the major sites of ischaemia-induced toxic calcium entry, but the failure of glutamate antagonists in clinical trials has suggested that glutamate-independent mechanisms of calcium entry during ischaemia must exist and may prove central to ischaemic injury. We have shown that ASICs (acid-sensing ion channels) in brain are glutamate-independent vehicles of calcium flux and transport calcium in greater measure in the setting of the two major neurochemical components of ischaemia: acidosis and substrate depletion. Pharmacological blockade of ASICs markedly attenuates stroke injury with a robust therapeutic time window of 5 h following stroke onset. Here, we describe this new mechanism of calcium toxicity in brain ischaemia and offer a potential new therapy for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simon
- Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, 1225 NE 2nd Avenue, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
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89
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Li F, Meng F, Xiong Z, Li Y, Liu R, Liu H. Stimulative activity of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. extracts and two of its flavonoids on the proliferation of osteoblastic like cells. Pharmazie 2006; 61:962-5. [PMID: 17152991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The osteoblastic activity of extracts of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. rhizome was assayed in the UMR106 cell line cultured in vitro. An ethanol extract and its fractions were added to the cell culture at different concentrations. Osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity was determined using the MTT method. The ethanol extract, and its ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions exhibited stimulating activity. Two active constituents were isolated from n-butanol fraction by bioassay-directed isolation, and identified as naringin and neoeriocitrin. The latter is reported for the first time from this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- School of Pharmacy, PO BOX 39, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China.
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90
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Xiong Z, Shaibani A, Li YP, Yan Y, Zhang S, Yang Y, Yang F, Wang H, Yang XF. Alternative splicing factor ASF/SF2 is down regulated in inflamed muscle. J Clin Pathol 2006; 59:855-61. [PMID: 16574722 PMCID: PMC1860460 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2005.032961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our recent studies, alternative splicing has been shown to have a major role in inflammation and autoimmune muscle diseases. AIM To examine the novel hypothesis that the expression of an essential alternative splicing factor, alternative splicing factor 2 (ASF/SF2), is modulated in muscle inflammation. METHODS ASF/SF2 expression in muscle biopsy samples from eight patients with inflammatory myopathy and six non-myositic controls was determined by using western blot with anti-ASF/SF2 antibodies. To further elucidate the mechanism of reduced ASF/SF2 expression in inflamed muscle, differentiated C2C12 myotubes were stimulated with proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), followed by western blot analysis of ASF/SF2 expression. RESULTS ASF/SF2 expression in the muscle biopsy samples from patients with inflammatory myopathy was found to be lower (mean of relative densitometric units 41.1 (2SD 20.7)) than that of the non-myositic controls (mean of relative densitometric units 76.7 (39.6); p<0.05). In addition to this, ASF/SF2 expression was seen to be significantly down regulated (sevenfold) in C2C12 myotubes compared with expression variations in the beta-actin control (0.62-fold; mean 1.22 (0.40); p<0.05). CONCLUSION Collectively, it is shown, for the first time, that alternative splicing factor ASF/SF2 is down regulated in autoimmune inflammatory myositis-potentially via a TNFalpha-mediated pathway. The development of (1) novel autoantigen isoform microarrays for disease diagnosis and prognosis; (2) novel autoantigen-tolerising treatments for autoimmune diseases; and (3) novel splicing-redirection treatments can be facilitated by the ongoing study of alternative splicing of autoantigen transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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91
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Wang J, Liu Z, Niu S, Peng M, Wang D, Weng Z, Xiong Z. Natural Occurrence of Chilli veinal mottle virus on Capsicum chinense in China. Plant Dis 2006; 90:377. [PMID: 30786572 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-0377c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of a viral disease on chili pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacp. cv. Yellow Lantern) occurred in Hainan Province, China during 2003 and 2004. The disease was prevalent in five chili-producing counties surveyed. Leaves of infected plants initially displayed symptoms of dark green banding along veins and later became distorted with striking mosaic. Infected plants had reduced flower numbers and fruit set, resulting in a significant yield loss. The causative virus was characterized and identified as Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) (3). An isolate of the virus was obtained via three single lesion passages through Chenopodium amaranticolor and was shown to reproduce the same symptoms on inoculated C. chinense cv. Yellow Lantern. Negative staining of crude extracts of the infected tissue and subsequent electron microscopy revealed flexuous rods of 12 to 13 × 750 nm, typical of a potyvirus. Pinwheel-like inclusion bodies were abundant in thin sections of infected leaves. Purified virus preparations contained one major protein of 32.8 kDa and one minor protein of 28 kDa when fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both of these protein bands were excised and subsequently analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Multiple peptide fragments from both proteins were identified as arising from ChiVMV capsid protein (CP) (1,2). Therefore, the 32.8-kDa protein is the full-length ChiVMV CP and the 28-kDa protein is presumably a degradation product of the CP. The combined biological and molecular data provided strong evidence that the viral disease on C. chinense was caused by ChiVMV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ChiVMV infection on C. chinense in China and the first report of C. amaranticolor as an experimental host for ChiVMV. References: (1) P. Chiemsombat et al. Arch. Virol. 143:1855, 1998. (2). J. Joseph and H. S. Savithri. Arch. Virol. 144:1679, 1999. (3) P. Siriwong et al. Plant Pathol. 44:718, 1995.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101
| | - Z Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101
| | - S Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101
| | - M Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101
| | - D Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, Hainan, China 571101
| | - Z Weng
- Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85749
| | - Z Xiong
- Division of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85749
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92
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93
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Meng F, Xiong Z, Sun Y, Li F. Coumarins from Cnidium monnieri (L.) and their proliferation stimulating activity on osteoblast-like UMR106 cells. Pharmazie 2004; 59:643-5. [PMID: 15378857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of various fractions of alcoholic extracts from fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss (umbelifera) were screened using the osteoblast-like UMR106 cells in vitro. The chloroform fraction from the crude extract was found to have the most stimulating activity. Three coumarins (osthole, bergapten and imperatorin) were isolated from this fraction by activity-guided assay, and their effects on osteoblastic proliferation were investigated. Osthole, a major pharmacologically active constituent, significantly promoted the cells' activity. Bergapten and imperatorin were less effective than osthole. These results suggested Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss extracts might have potential activity against osteoporosis, and its chloroform fraction might contain active constituents stimulating osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
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94
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Zhu C, Tian H, Xiong Z, Xia H. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) induced internalization of porcine FSH receptor in cultured porcine granulosa cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with recombinant porcine FSH receptor cDNA. J Tongji Med Univ 2004; 21:188-90. [PMID: 12539572 DOI: 10.1007/bf02886425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the fate of human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when hormone binds to its receptor, a quick biochemical method that can differentiate between the surface-bound and internalized hormone was used to determine the internalization induced by FSH in cultured both porcine granulosa cells and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing recombinant porcine FSH receptor. The results showed that FSH was slowly internalized, and the internalized radioactivity (acid resistant) reached a peak 10-12 h after addition of 125I-hFSH. It was suggested that FSHR do not get internalized rapidly under physiological circumstances precisely because the appropriate sequences are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zhu
- Family Planning Research Institute, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030
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95
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96
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Xiong Z, Wang D, Xu Y, Li F. Osteoblastic differentiation bioassay and its application to investigating the activity of fractions and compounds from Psoralea corylifolia L. Pharmazie 2003; 58:925-8. [PMID: 14703975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
A cell differentiation bioassay measuring alkaline phosphatase activity was developed using osteoblast-like UMR 106 cell line as a model. The effect of fractions and compounds of Psoralea corylifolia L. extract on osteoblastic differentiation was investigated. The fractions or compounds were co-cultured with cells for 48 h, the cellular ALP activity was then measured. The crude ethanol extract of Psoralea corylifolia L. increased ALP activity by 39.5% at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml, and the activity was concentrated in the ethyl acetate fraction, which produced a maximum ALP activity increase of 38.2%. A significant activity was observed for a flavonoid, corylin, providing 30.0% increment in ALP. These effects suggest that Psoralea corylifolia L. extract, its ethyl acetate fraction and corylin would stimulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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97
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Tang S, Zhong Z, Xiong Z, Sun L, Liu L, Lin J, Shen Z, Tan K. Controlled growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CH4 over Mo/Co/MgO catalysts. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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98
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Xiong Z, Wu AH, Bender CM, Tsao JL, Blake C, Shibata D, Jones PA, Yu MC, Ross RK, Laird PW. Mismatch repair deficiency and CpG island hypermethylation in sporadic colon adenocarcinomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001; 10:799-803. [PMID: 11440966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have documented CpG island hypermethylation in human colon adenocarcinomas. Several of these reports have additionally found such CpG island hypermethylation to be more extensive in tumors with a mismatch-repair deficiency, as revealed by microsatellite instability (MSI+). Because the source of samples used in these prior studies may not have been representative of the general population, we have reinvestigated this issue using samples from a population-based study. A total of 15 MSI+ tumors were identified, and they were compared with 47 MSI- tumors that were similar in distribution by age, sex, and race. Microdissected tumor and normal adjacent mucosal DNA samples from each patient were subjected to a quantitative DNA methylation analysis at 13 separate CpG dinucleotides located in five CpG islands in four different genes [APC, ESR1 (ER), CDKN2A (p16; promoter and exon 2), and MLH1]. Four of five CpG islands showed a statistically significantly increased level of methylation in tumor tissue compared with adjacent normal mucosa. In contrast to previous studies, we did not find any statistically significant correlations between MSI status and methylation levels of any of the CpG islands other than MLH1. Furthermore, we observed a positive correlation between MLH1 methylation and CDKN2A methylation (P = 0.03), whereas no association was noted between MSI positivity and CDKN2A methylation (P = 0.95). The latter results suggest a possible defect in the protection against CpG island hypermethylation shared between CDKN2A and MLH1 and do not support the notion of a functional association between CDKN2A methylation and the phenotype of mismatch repair deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Departments of Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
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Peng X, Asundi A, Chen Y, Xiong Z. Study of the mechanical properties of Nd:YVO4 crystal by use of laser interferometry and finite-element analysis. Appl Opt 2001; 40:1396-1403. [PMID: 18357128 DOI: 10.1364/ao.40.001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid method that combines experimental and numerical approaches for determining the material properties of Nd:YVO4 is reported. In the experimental investigations a laser interferometer is proposed for measuring the physical deformation of lasing materials at the end-pump surface. By matching with the measured end bulging, we have implemented a numerical solution with finite-element analyses to determine the Poisson ratio and Young's modulus of the crystal. The accuracy interval of the evaluated Poisson ratio of 0.33 and Young's modulus of 133 GPa is discussed numerically. Based on the mechanical properties obtained, the end effect is separated from thermal effects, and it shows that the end effect results in an approximate equal thermal lensing effect compared with the index parts for end-pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Peng
- Photonics Program, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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100
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Abstract
Identification of the thyroid peroxidase (TPO) amino acid residues that comprise the autoantibody immunodominant region is an important goal that has proven difficult because of the conformational nature of the epitopes involved. Recent data suggest that the immunodominant region has been located. Thus, by autoantibody recognition of tryptic fragments of native TPO, as well as of conformational portions of TPO expressed as cell-free translates, the autoantibody immunodominant region appears to include amino acid residues 742-771, near the C terminus of the ectodomain. To evaluate this deduction, we expressed as cell-free translates the full TPO ectodomain, as well as TPO truncated after residues 741 and 771. The epitopic integrity of these molecules was first confirmed by immunoprecipitation by patient sera containing TPO autoantibodies. However, autoantibody recognition could involve a minority of TPO autoantibodies with the individual sera, not fulfilling the strict criteria for immunodominance. In order to obtain definitive data, we performed immunoprecipitations on these TPO variants with four recombinant human monoclonal autoantibodies that define the immunodominant region. All four monoclonal autoantibodies immunoprecipitated TPO 1-741 to the same extent as they did TPO 1-771 and the full TPO ectodomain, indicating that the immunodominant region comprises (at least in large part) amino acid residues upstream of residue 741.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xiong
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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