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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Which client with generalized anxiety disorder benefits from a mindfulness ecological momentary intervention versus a self-monitoring app? Developing a multivariable machine learning predictive model. J Anxiety Disord 2024; 102:102825. [PMID: 38245961 PMCID: PMC10922999 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine methods (machine learning; ML) can identify which clients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) benefit from mindfulness ecological momentary intervention (MEMI) vs. self-monitoring app (SM). We used randomized controlled trial data of MEMI vs. SM for GAD (N = 110) and tested three ML models to predict one-month follow-up reliable improvement in GAD severity, perseverative cognitions (PC), trait mindfulness (TM), and executive function (EF). Eleven baseline predictors were tested regarding differential reliable change from MEMI vs. SM (age, sex, race, EF errors, inhibitory dyscontrol, set-shifting deficits, verbal fluency, working memory, GAD severity, TM, PC). The final top five prescriptive predictor models of all outcomes performed well (AUC = .752 .886). The following variables predicted better outcome from MEMI vs. SM: Higher GAD severity predicted more GAD improvement but less EF improvement. Elevated PC, inhibitory dyscontrol, and verbal dysfluency predicted better improvement in most outcomes. Greater set-shifting and TM predicted stronger improvements in GAD symptoms and TM. Older age predicted more alleviation of GAD and PC symptoms. Women exhibited more enhancements in trait mindfulness and EF than men. White individuals benefitted more than non-White. PC, TM, EF, and sociodemographic data might help predictive models optimize intervention selection for GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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52
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Raila H, Bouwer A, Moran CA, Kneeland ET, Modi R, Joormann J. The mindful gaze: trait mindful people under an instructed emotion regulation goal selectively attend to positive stimuli. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:256-266. [PMID: 37987770 PMCID: PMC11003715 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2270198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Trait mindfulness confers emotional benefits and encourages skillful emotion regulation, in part because it helps people more deliberately attend to internal experiences and external surroundings. Such heightened attentional control might help skillfully deploy one's attention towards certain kinds of stimuli, which may in turn help regulate emotions, but this remains unknown. Testing how trait mindful people deploy attention when regulating their emotions could help uncover the specific mechanisms of mindfulness that confer its emotional benefits. The present study aimed to determine whether high trait mindfulness is associated with sustained attention biases to (i.e. longer gaze at) emotional scenes, when all participants are given the emotion regulation goal of staying in a positive mood. To measure this, we used eye tracking to assess selective attention to positive, neutral, and negative photographs. Higher trait mindfulness was associated with both a stronger attention bias for positive (vs. neutral and vs. negative) images, as well as greater success staying in a positive mood during viewing. Surprisingly, this attention bias towards the positive images did not mediate the relationship between mindfulness and maintenance of positive mood. Future work should compare visual attention to other emotion regulation strategies that may maximise positive affect for mindful people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Raila
- Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Annabel Bouwer
- Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Cole A. Moran
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Elizabeth T. Kneeland
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Psychology, Amherst College, Amherst, MA
| | - Rhea Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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53
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Richard-Eaglin A, Webb M. Strategies for Developing a Nurturing Environment for the next Generation of Nurses. Nurs Clin North Am 2024; 59:1-9. [PMID: 38272575 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
With the introduction of more complex health conditions and the changing landscape of the healthcare infrastructure, burnout is increasingly becoming a crisis for the nursing profession and for the public. Recruitment in nursing must consider the concept of a nurturing environment as a key driver of sustainability within the profession. Human beings cannot flourish in hostile and unwelcoming environments. Failure to thrive in nursing is a real phenomenon that is driven by multiple factors, including incivility, workplace bullying, and lack of support. Mitigation requires intentional, strategic interventions toward building nurturing environments in education and practice for the next generation of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle Webb
- Duke University School of Nursing, 3113 Pearson Siegler Building, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Sim S, Maldonado IL, Castelnau P, Barantin L, El-Hage W, Andersson F, Cottier JP. Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis on magnetic resonance imaging: similarities and differences. A scoping review. J Neuroradiol 2024; 51:131-144. [PMID: 37981196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness meditation (MM) and hypnosis practices are gaining interest in mental health, but their physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to synthesize the functional, morphometric and metabolic changes associated with each practice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to identify their similarities and differences. METHODS MRI studies investigating MM and hypnosis in mental health, specifically stress, anxiety, and depression, were systematically screened following PRISMA guidelines from four research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO) between 2010 and 2022. RESULTS In total, 97 references met the inclusion criteria (84 for MM and 13 for hypnosis). This review showed common and divergent points regarding the regions involved and associated brain connectivity during MM practice and hypnosis. The primary commonality between mindfulness and hypnosis was decreased default mode network intrinsic activity and increased central executive network - salience network connectivity. Increased connectivity between the default mode network and the salience network was observed in meditative practice and mindfulness predisposition, but not in hypnosis. CONCLUSIONS While MRI studies provide a better understanding of the neural basis of hypnosis and meditation, this review underscores the need for more rigorous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Sim
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps, Hôpital Clocheville, CHRU, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France
| | | | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France.
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55
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Ghaedi-Heidari F, Izadi M, Seyedbagheri S, Ahmadi A, Sayadi AR, Sadeghi T. The Effect of Mindfulness on Posttraumatic Growth of Mothers of Premature Infants Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2024; 31:19-25. [PMID: 37178339 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-023-09961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) in mothers of premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Iran. Sixty mothers were selected by convenience sampling and assigned to the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received two MBSR sessions each week over the course of three weeks. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) was used to collect data before, immediately after, and 1 month after the intervention. Based on repeated measures ANOVA, group-by-time interaction effect was significant and there was a statistically significant difference in the mean PTG scores of mothers in the two groups over time (p = 0.004). MBSR increased PTG in mothers. As a result, it is suggested that this approach be used in psychological support programs for mothers who have premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghaedi-Heidari
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Izadi
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Seyedhamid Seyedbagheri
- Deptartment of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Ahmadi
- Nursing Research Center, Razi Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza-Reza Sayadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Psychiatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Tabandeh Sadeghi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Pediatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Liu J, Yang Y, Shi H, Sun M, Feng R. Developing and evaluating a mindfulness-based finger/hand exercise intervention for ethnically diverse older adults with and without disabilities: A feasibility study. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 56:148-158. [PMID: 38350340 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Few exercise interventions target ethnic minority older adults, especially those with disability. We evaluated feasibility of newly-developed finger/hand exercises to promote health in ethnically diverse older adults with/without disability. We conducted 10-minute video exercises daily, supervised by research assistants. The feasibility, evaluated via three studies, focused on recruitment, intervention fidelity, safety, outcome assessment, and acceptability. Studies varied in design and delivery methods, being conducted across settings (senior centers, apartments). We enrolled 101 Chinese older adults (mean age = 72) without disability in Study 1, and 15 older Africans/Hispanics with disability (mean age = 70) in Studies 2 and 3. Intervention, either in-person or online, was implementable and acceptable with high fidelity. Attendance was satisfactory (79.6%, 74.2%, 76.7%) and attrition was low (12%, 0%, 0%). Outcome measures data was ascertained. No adverse events were observed. Preliminary findings indicate feasibility, acceptability, and safety of the simple finger/hand exercise for diverse older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Yang
- University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Haoer Shi
- University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Rui Feng
- University of Pennsylvania, United States
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57
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Hallit S, Obeid S. Does mindfulness moderate the association between impulsivity and well-being in Lebanese university students? Int J Environ Health Res 2024; 34:1397-1409. [PMID: 37211811 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2212595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Limited evidence showed that impulsivity is negatively related to life satisfaction and wellbeing; however, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. We aimed through this work to investigate the relationship between impulsivity dimensions and well-being and to explore the moderator role of mindfulness on this relationship in a sample of Lebanese university students. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 363 university students recruited through convenience sampling through several universities in Lebanon's governorates. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with better wellbeing in the models that considered urgency and sensation seeking as independent variables. A lack of premeditation and a lack of perseverance were both inversely associated with well-being. The interaction lack of perseverance by mindfulness was significantly associated with wellbeing; for students who were low in mindfulness, more lack of perseverance was significantly associated with a lower wellbeing. Our study suggested that mindfulness practice may offer a promising avenue for implementing strategies aiming at improving the well-being of students with high levels of impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi hospital, Manouba City, Tunisia
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
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Kaisti I, Kulmala P, Hintsanen M, Hurtig T, Repo S, Paunio T, Miettunen J, Halt AH, Jääskeläinen E. The effects of mindfulness-based interventions in medical students: a systematic review. Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract 2024; 29:245-271. [PMID: 37227541 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-023-10231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of studies on the effects of mindfulness on healthcare professionals is increasing. The main aim of this study was to collate the quantitative results of original studies analyzing the effects of mindfulness-based interventions on a variety of outcomes in medical students. We also analyzed how the study design and characteristics of the intervention affect the results, and identified qualitative effects of mindfulness interventions. A literature search was performed in different databases in June 2020. Original articles meeting the following criteria were included: (1) at least 50% of the participants were medical students, (2) included a mindfulness intervention, (3) analyzed any outcome relating to mindfulness intervention, (4) peer-reviewed (5) written in English. Eventually, 31 articles including 24 different samples were included. Over half of the studies were RCTs. In over half of the studies, the intervention was 4- to 10-week original Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy or a modification of these. In general, satisfaction with the interventions was good. Based on a meta-analysis, after the intervention, the intervention group had statistically significantly fewer symptoms of stress and distress and had higher mindfulness than the controls. The beneficial effects persisted in follow-ups over months or years. Both long and shorter courses and courses with and without face-to-face sessions were effective. Both controlled and uncontrolled studies had statistically significant results. Qualitative results revealed potential factors behind the quantitative effects. The number of studies on mindfulness interventions in medical students has increased drastically. Mindfulness-based interventions seem to offer a good possibility to enhance medical students' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaisti
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kulmala
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mirka Hintsanen
- The Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Hurtig
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinic of Child Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saara Repo
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu-Helmi Halt
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Erika Jääskeläinen
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Powers A, Lathan EC, McAfee E, Mekawi Y, Dixon HD, Lopez E, Ali S, Hinrichs R, Bradley B, Carter S, Kaslow NJ. Feasibility and acceptability of a virtual mindfulness intervention for Black adults with PTSD and depression: Randomized controlled trial. J Mood Anxiety Disord 2024; 5:100048. [PMID: 38606374 PMCID: PMC11008567 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) offers promise as a group-based intervention to alleviate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms in traumatized Black adults. Given the high level of barriers that exist for low-income Black adults, virtual delivery of MBCT may be helpful. This pilot randomized controlled trial assessed feasibility and acceptability of an adapted 8-week virtual MBCT group intervention for Black adults screening positive for PTSD and depression. Forty-six participants (89.3% women) recruited from an urban safety net hospital were randomized to MBCT or waitlist control (WLC). Overall feasibility was fair (70%); however, completion rates were higher for WLC than MBCT (90% vs. 54%). Group acceptability was high across quantitative and qualitative measures for study completers. Perceived barriers to psychological treatment were high (>9). While showing potential via improved coping skills and positive health changes, this intervention's success hinges on mitigating engagement barriers for future delivery; additional studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Emma C. Lathan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth McAfee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - H. Drew Dixon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Estefania Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shifa Ali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hinrichs
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sierra Carter
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nadine J. Kaslow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kocol D, Geiger S, Schweda A, Beckord J, Schadendorf T, Jansen C, Robitzsch A, Skoda EM, Teufel M, Bäuerle A. An e-mental health intervention to reduce depression symptoms in individuals with obesity: study protocol for the randomized, controlled, two-armed, confirmatory LightMood trial. Trials 2024; 25:149. [PMID: 38419096 PMCID: PMC10900592 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with obesity often experience psychological distress, specifically depression symptoms. Due to various barriers, such as limitations of healthcare offers, digital interventions, for example medical apps, can provide a suitable approach to support affected people. In the envisaged prospective randomized controlled trial, we aim to examine the efficacy of the LightMood intervention. The LightMood intervention is a manualized and user-centered, digital intervention for patients with obesity, with a duration of 4 months, which contains elements of cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based and skills-based exercises. We expect the LightMood intervention to be superior to treatment as usual (TAU) in terms of reducing depression symptoms. METHODS The trial incorporates four distinct measurement time points: the baseline assessment, the post-treatment assessment, and 1- and 3-month follow-up assessments. Furthermore, we implemented in-treatment assessments for both groups. Participants will be randomized into two groups (LightMood intervention vs TAU). The aim is to include 128 participants (64 per group) in the study. Inclusion criteria are patients who are obese, at least 18 years old, with a private Internet access, and with adequate digital literacy and show depression symptoms (PHQ ≥ 10). Exclusion criteria are weekly outpatient individual psychotherapy, obesity surgery within the last year or planned within the next 7 months, no private Internet access, and the prescription of a new psychotropic drug within the last 2 weeks. The primary outcome is the post-assessment reduction in depression symptoms. Secondary outcomes will include the improvement in self-efficacy, quality of life, mindfulness, reduction in eating disorder symptoms, and body mass index (BMI). Furthermore, we expect a positive development of depression symptoms throughout the different time points (T1, T2, and T3) in patients with obesity. DISCUSSION LightMood is an evidence-based, efficient, low-threshold online intervention that aims to reduce depression symptoms in people with obesity. Online interventions could offer a promising alternative to conventional face-to-face therapy. The primary objective of the current study is to add essential insight into the feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, and acceptance of e-mental health interventions for people with obesity and depression symptoms. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS), DRKS00029219. Registered on May 19, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Kocol
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sheila Geiger
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Adam Schweda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jil Beckord
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Theresa Schadendorf
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Jansen
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anita Robitzsch
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Skoda
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Teufel
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Bäuerle
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, LVR-University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Bakou AE, Hardy L, Shuai R, Wright K, Hogarth L. Ultra-Brief Breath Counting ( Mindfulness) Training Abolishes Negative Affect-Induced Alcohol Motivation in Hazardous Community Drinkers. Mindfulness (N Y) 2024; 15:653-664. [PMID: 38511200 PMCID: PMC10948464 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-024-02315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Mindfulness therapy improves drinking outcomes arguably by attenuating negative mood-induced drinking, but this mechanism has not been demonstrated in hazardous community drinkers. To address this, three studies tested whether a key ingredient of mindfulness, breath counting, would attenuate the increase in motivation for alcohol produced by experimentally induced negative mood, in hazardous community drinkers. Method In three studies, hazardous community drinkers were randomized to receive either a 6-min breath counting training or listen to a recited extract from a popular science book, before all participants received a negative mood induction. Motivation for alcohol was measured before and after listening to either the breath counting training or the control audio files, with a craving questionnaire in two online studies (n = 122 and n = 111), or an alcohol versus food picture choice task in a pub context in one in-person study (n = 62). Results In Study 1, breath counting reduced alcohol craving. However, since the mood induction protocol did not increase craving, the effect of breath counting in reversing such increase could not be demonstrated. Online breath counting eliminated the increase in alcohol craving induced by negative mood (Study 2) and eliminated the stress-induced increase in alcohol picture choice in the pub environment (Study 3). Conclusions Briefly trained breath counting attenuated negative mood-induced alcohol motivation in hazardous community drinkers. These results suggest that breath counting is a reliable and practical method for reducing the impact of negative emotional triggers on alcohol motivation. Preregistration These studies are not preregistered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Elissavet Bakou
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
| | - Lorna Hardy
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
| | - Ruichong Shuai
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
| | - Kim Wright
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
| | - Lee Hogarth
- School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Washington Singer Building, Perry Road, Exeter, EX4 4QG UK
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Garcia ACM, Silva CDP, Paiva EMDC, Meireles E, Nogueira DA, Wong C. Evidence of validity and accuracy for the Mindful Self-Care Scale-Brief among family caregivers of people with cancer in Brazil: A cross-sectional study. Palliat Support Care 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38404212 DOI: 10.1017/s147895152400021x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the evidence of validity and accuracy for the Mindful Self-Care Scale-Brief (B-MSCS) in Brazil among family caregivers of people with cancer. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 203 family caregivers of people with cancer. The instruments used in this study were the following: B-MSCS, Brief Resilience Scale, and Brief Scale for Spiritual/Religious Coping. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out using the principal axis factoring method and direct oblimin oblique rotation, and confirmatory factor analysis using the robust weighted least squares means and variance adjusted estimation method and GEOMIM oblique rotation. The internal consistency of the latent factors was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. RESULTS The 6-factor model showed good fit to the data, with satisfactory reliability indices and adequate representation of the scale's internal structure. The results that can support arguments in favor of validity evidence based on internal structure for the B-MSCS-Brazilian version (BR) relate to a 19-item version which, grouped into 6 latent factors, explained 46.47% of the variance. The factor solution reproduced 79.2% of the theoretically expected structure and 5 items were excluded. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the factors in the B-MSCS-BR ranged from 0.58 to 0.84. Positive religious/spiritual coping had a direct association with the B-MSCS-BR factors, with the exception of the Physical Care factor (r = 0.033, p = 0.635). Negative spiritual/religious coping was inversely associated with the Mindful Relaxation (r = -0.160, p = 0.023), Supportive Relationships (r = -0.142, p = 0.043), and Mindful Awareness factors (r = -0.140, p = 0.045). There were no associations between the B-MSCS-BR factors and resilience. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS The findings reveal that the B-MSCS (19-item) is a valid, reliable, and culturally-appropriate instrument to examine the practice of mindful self-care by family caregivers of people with cancer in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Mesquita Garcia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Palliative Care, School of Nursing, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Cremilson de Paula Silva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Palliative Care, School of Nursing, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliza Mara das Chagas Paiva
- Interdisciplinary Center for Studies in Palliative Care, School of Nursing, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Everson Meireles
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Wong
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
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Gunsilius CZ, Price MM, Rogers SL, Flynn E, Jha AP. Paying attention to attention: a program evaluation of faculty-delivered mindfulness-based attention training to optimize wellness and professionalism in medical students. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:182. [PMID: 38395856 PMCID: PMC10893728 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As physician distress rises, medical schools must provide programs to counter such distress at the earliest stages of training. Mindfulness training (MT) is one intervention that can alleviate stress during medical school. However, framing MT around wellness alone misses the opportunity to connect core cognitive and psychological capacities strengthened by MT to professional goals and skill acquisition inherent to successful medical training. Here, we highlight how the attentional components of MT align with students' goals of becoming attending physicians while promoting academic, psychological, and interpersonal flourishing. MT courses that focus on strengthening attentional capacities can intuitively link academic and professional development with wellness, appealing to a wide array of students. METHODS We iteratively recontextualized an existing short-form mindfulness training program for high-stress pre-professionals, known as Mindfulness Based Attention Training (MBAT), to the medical school context (MBAT-Rx). MBAT-Rx was offered by physician trainers to first-year medical students at Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University as a tool for improving study habits and focus in addition to the development of both self-care and patient care strategies. MBAT-Rx consists of weekly, two-hour sessions over four weeks, with 10-15 min of daily mindfulness practice between sessions. At the end of the four weeks, students submitted voluntary program evaluation responses detailing their experience of the program. RESULTS Optional program evaluation responses (n = 67) highlight that students found the program to be useful for their academic success and ability to pay attention, their interpersonal relationships, and their psychological health. By framing MT as an opportunity to boost core attentional capacities and connecting this to professional and academic goals in addition to wellness, MBAT-Rx appealed to a wide variety of students. CONCLUSIONS Our ongoing work suggests that framing MT as both a professional development and wellness promotion tool, taught by physicians themselves, and structured around students' time demands, may be a successful model for medical schools looking to increase the impact of their mindfulness offerings. Such programs are needed to equip medical students to navigate the demands of a challenging healthcare training landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Zimmerman Gunsilius
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 185 Meeting Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Malena M Price
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Scott L Rogers
- Mindfulness in Law Program, School of Law, University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ellen Flynn
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Amishi P Jha
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Florida, USA
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Teixeira da Silva JA. Citations to a retracted psychometric assessment scale for interpersonal mindfulness applied to Iran. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 95:103976. [PMID: 38422575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
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Evanski JM, Iadipaolo A, Ely SL, Zundel CG, Gowatch LC, Bhogal A, Owens Z, Cohen C, Goldberg E, Bluth MH, Taub J, Harper FWK, Rabinak CA, Marusak HA. Smaller Hippocampal Volume Is Associated With Reduced Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children With Cancer and Survivors Following a Brief Novel Martial Arts-Based Intervention. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:167-174. [PMID: 37518896 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with cancer and survivors frequently report posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), which are associated with volumetric changes in stress-sensitive brain regions, including the hippocampus. METHODS We examined the impact of a novel, 4-week martial-arts-based meditative intervention on cancer-related PTSS in 18 pediatric patients and survivors and whether baseline hippocampal volumes correlate with PTSS severity and/or PTSS changes over time. RESULTS Overall, PTSS did not significantly change from baseline to post-intervention. Smaller hippocampal volume was correlated with more severe re-experiencing PTSS at baseline, and greater reductions in PTSS post-intervention. CONCLUSIONS Together, hippocampal volume may be a biomarker of PTSS severity and intervention response. Identifying hippocampal volume as a potential biomarker for PTSS severity and intervention response may allow for more informed psychosocial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Evanski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Samantha L Ely
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Clara G Zundel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Leah C Gowatch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Amanpreet Bhogal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Zazai Owens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | | | - Elimelech Goldberg
- Kids Kicking Cancer, Southfield, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Martin H Bluth
- Kids Kicking Cancer, Southfield, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Taub
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Felicity W K Harper
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Hilary A Marusak
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Besten ME, van Vugt M, Riese H, Bockting CLH, Ostafin BD, Aleman A, van Tol MJ. Understanding mechanisms of depression prevention: study protocol of a randomized cross-over trial to investigate mechanisms of mindfulness and positive fantasizing as intervention techniques for reducing perseverative cognition in remitted depressed individuals. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:141. [PMID: 38373948 PMCID: PMC10877783 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, and involves high relapse rates in which persistent negative thinking and rumination (i.e., perseverative cognition [PC]) play an important role. Positive fantasizing and mindfulness are common evidence-based psychological interventions that have been shown to effectively reduce PC and subsequent depressive relapse. How the interventions cause changes in PC over time, is unknown, but likely differ between the two. Whereas fantasizing may change the valence of thought content, mindfulness may operate through disengaging from automatic thought patterns. Comparing mechanisms of both interventions in a clinical sample and a non-clinical sample can give insight into the effectivity of interventions for different individuals. The current study aims to 1) test whether momentary psychological and psychophysiological indices of PC are differentially affected by positive fantasizing versus mindfulness-based interventions, 2) test whether the mechanisms of change by which fantasizing and mindfulness affect PC differ between remitted MDD versus never-depressed (ND) individuals, and 3) explore potential moderators of the main effects of the two interventions (i.e., what works for whom). METHODS In this cross-over trial of fantasizing versus mindfulness interventions, we will include 50 remitted MDD and 50 ND individuals. Before the start of the measurements, participants complete several individual characteristics. Daily-life diary measures of thoughts and feelings (using an experience sampling method), behavioural measures of spontaneous thoughts (using the Sustained Attention to Response Task), actigraphy, physiological measures (impedance cardiography, electrocardiography, and electroencephalogram), and measures of depressive mood (self-report questionnaires) are performed during the week before (pre-) the interventions and the week during (peri-) the interventions. After a wash-out of at least one month, pre- and peri-intervention measures for the second intervention are repeated. DISCUSSION This is the first study integrating self-reports, behavioural-, and physiological measures capturing dynamics at multiple time scales to examine the differential mechanisms of change in PC by psychological interventions in individuals remitted from multiple MDD episodes and ND individuals. Unravelling how therapeutic techniques affect PC in remitted individuals might generate insights that allows development of personalised targeted relapse prevention interventions. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06145984, November 16, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlijn E Besten
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Marieke van Vugt
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harriëtte Riese
- Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claudi L H Bockting
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brian D Ostafin
- Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems Cognitive Neuroscience Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Van Doren N, Ng H, Rawat E, McKenna KR, Blonigen DM. Virtual reality mindfulness training for veterans in residential substance use treatment: Pilot study of feasibility and acceptability. J Subst Use Addict Treat 2024; 161:209315. [PMID: 38378078 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2024.209315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness training is effective in recovery from substance use disorders; however, adoption can be difficult due to environmental and personal distractions. Virtual reality (VR) may help overcome these challenges by providing an immersive environment for practicing mindfulness, but there is currently limited knowledge regarding patient and provider perceptions of VR-based tools. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of VR mindfulness training for veterans in residential substance use treatment as well as potential benefits of VR mindfulness interventions in this population. We conducted a pilot feasibility/acceptability study as a first step toward conducting a larger randomized controlled trial (RCT). METHODS The study recruited participants (N = 32) from a 30-day residential substance use program and collected both qualitative and quantitative feedback on the VR mindfulness intervention using a mixed-methods approach. Patients (n = 20) and providers (n = 12) rated the acceptability, usability, and satisfaction of the intervention. Using a within-subjects design, patients provided pre-post emotion ratings and reported on state mindfulness and VR presence after completing a single-session self-guided VR mindfulness intervention. Patients provided qualitative interview data on their overall impressions, while providers gave the same information via survey. RESULTS Both patients and providers reported high satisfaction and confidence in the intervention. Moreover, within subjects t-tests showed that patients experienced significant reductions in negative affect and significant increases in positive affect from pre-post, along with high levels of state mindfulness and presence. Results of thematic analysis revealed that the intervention facilitated focused attention on the present moment, induced a state of calm and relaxation, and reduced negative thoughts and emotions. Participants requested improvements such as better integration of audiovisual elements, a more personalized and longer intervention, and more comfortable fitting headset. Finally, the intervention presented with several advantages compared to other mindfulness experiences including reduced distractions and a sense of safety and privacy. CONCLUSIONS Self-guided VR mindfulness intervention is feasible and acceptable to patients and providers. VR mindfulness training provides an immersive experience that uplifts mood and reduces distractions. VR may provide a scaffolding tool to set the stage for deepening mindfulness skills. Results of the present study could inform further development and tailoring for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Van Doren
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America.
| | - Helen Ng
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- Department of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin R McKenna
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Daniel M Blonigen
- Center for Innovation to Implementation (Ci2i), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Jiang S, Pan X, Li H, Su Y. Global trends and developments in mindfulness interventions for diabetes: a bibliometric study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:43. [PMID: 38360701 PMCID: PMC10870632 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder posing a global threat to health. Many scholars are dedicated to developing non-pharmacological therapies, and mindfulness intervention is among the potentially effective approaches. Due to the rapid increase in relevant research in recent years, along with the diverse focus and interventions used in studies, it has become challenging for practitioners to quickly comprehend the key features of this field and the directions worth paying attention to. Bibliometric analysis, in response, can help scholars understand this field and identify points of interest. METHODS Publications related to mindfulness intervention in diabetes from the establishment of the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) to September 2023 were searched. We employed four bibliometric techniques: General Analysis of Publications, Collaborative Network Analysis, Co-citation Analysis, and Keyword Analysis. The CiteSpace 6.1.R was used to analyze the literature with the strongest citation bursts, while VOSviewer 1.6.13 was used to provide visualizations of publicly available data by analyzing co-citations or co-authorship affiliations. RESULTS We found a total of 387 articles. The results indicate that research on this topic has been steadily increasing over time. The United States is the top producer of relevant publications, with Tilburg University being the institution that publishes the most articles. The journal "Mindfulness" has the highest publication count. In the collaborative network analysis, the United States emerged as the main hub for global cooperation in this research field, contributing 182 articles with a total of 5872 citations. The journal "Diabetes Care" was frequently cited and played a central role. The keyword analysis revealed that researchers have shown a strong interest in how mindfulness interventions affect the mental health of diabetic individuals. Additionally, there is a focus on studying elderly diabetic groups and exploring how mindfulness interventions impact metabolic diseases. These areas are currently the main research priorities. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate the current trend and hotspots in mindfulness intervention and offer some directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Jiang
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqin Su
- Institute of Sport Science, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Baminiwatta A, Fernando R, Solangaarachchi I, Abayabandara-Herath T, Wickremasinghe AR, Hapangama A. Improving psychological well-being among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic with an online mindfulness intervention: A randomised waitlist-controlled trial. Int J Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38355927 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of psychological problems observed among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic called for interventions to safeguard their mental health. We assessed the effectiveness of a 6-week online mindfulness-based intervention in improving well-being and reducing stress among HCWs in Sri Lanka. Eighty HCWs were recruited and randomised into two groups: waitlist-control (WLC) and intervention groups. In the intervention, 1-hour online sessions were conducted at weekly intervals and participants were encouraged to do daily home practice. Stress and well-being were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale and WHO-5 Well-being Index, respectively. One-way analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the effectiveness, in both intention-to-treat (ITT) and complete-case (CC) analyses. A significantly greater improvement in well-being occurred in the intervention arm compared to WLC on both ITT (p = .002) and CC analyses (p < .001), with medium-to-large effect sizes (partial η2 = .117-.278). However, the reduction in stress following the intervention was not significant compared to the WLC group on both ITT (p = .636) and CC analyses (p = .262). In the intervention arm, the median number of sessions attended by participants was 3. Low adherence to the intervention may have contributed to the apparent non-significant effect on stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Roshan Fernando
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Aruni Hapangama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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Gibson J. Trauma, early life stress, and mindfulness in adulthood. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:71. [PMID: 38355582 PMCID: PMC10865675 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This article is a review that was inspired by recent studies investigating the effects of childhood trauma or early life stress (ELS) and mindfulness in adulthood. One recent study found that some forms of abuse and neglect led to higher scores in several subscales of a self-report measure of mindfulness. The authors concluded that some forms of ELS can help cultivate certain aspects of mindfulness in adulthood. However, and in contrast to this recent finding, much of the extant literature investigating ELS and trauma are linked to emotional dysregulation, alexithymia, and a host of psychopathologies in adulthood which makes the results of this study surprising. Central to the mindfulness literature is cultivating an open, non-reactive, or non-judgment awareness of inner experiences which are important for emotional regulation. In this paper, I review some of the effects of trauma or ELS on critical neural circuits linked to mindfulness, interoception, attachment, and alexithymia which I hope may clarify some of the conflicting findings from this study and throughout the literature and provide additional context and a framework that may inform research investigating these two constructs going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Gibson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, 501 E St. Joseph Street, Rapid City, SD, 57701, United States of America.
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Chen Q, Liu H, Du S. Effect of mindfulness-based interventions on people with prehypertension or hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:104. [PMID: 38350849 PMCID: PMC10865530 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03746-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension and prehypertension have been widely recognized as the main contributors of global mortality. Evidence shows mindfulness-based interventions may reduce blood pressure and improve mental health. However, the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on blood pressure and mental health has not been fully understood. METHODS Potential studies published before May 24th 2023 were identified by searching Embase, Ovid Emcare, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP China Science. Additionally, two grey databases were searched: Mednar, WorldWideScience.org. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool. The random-effects meta-analyses were conducted using Review Man 5.4 software and the key outcomes are presented as mean difference or standard mean difference and the 95% confidential interval. RESULTS Searches returned 802 studies in total, of which 12 were included (N = 715). The duration of interventions was 8 weeks in 10 trials and 6 weeks in one trial. Pooled effect sizes indicated reductions in systolic blood pressure (MD = - 9.12, 95% CI [- 12.18, - 6.05], p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (MD = - 5.66, 95% CI [- 8.88, - 2.43], p < 0.001), anxiety (SMD = - 4.10; 95% CI [- 6.49, - 1.71], p < 0.001), depression (SMD = - 1.70, 95%CI [- 2.95, - 0.44], p < 0.001) and perceived stress (SMD = - 5.91, 95%CI [- 8.74, - 3.09], p < 0.001) at post-intervention. The findings from subgroup analyses are favorable for mindfulness-based interventions regardless of gender and baseline blood pressure with regard to BP reduction, with a more profound effect observed in participants with higher pre-intervention blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence for the positive role of mindfulness-based interventions in hypertension management. More large randomized control trials with sufficient statistical power and long-term follow-up are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The protocol had been registered with Prospero on October 2nd 2021 (registration NO. CRD42021282504 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongshan Chen
- Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 69 Dongxia Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515041, China.
| | - Shizheng Du
- School of Nursing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
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Galluzzi S, Lanfredi M, Moretti DV, Rossi R, Meloni S, Tomasoni E, Frisoni GB, Chiesa A, Pievani M. Cognitive, psychological, and physiological effects of a web-based mindfulness intervention in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: an open study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:151. [PMID: 38350854 PMCID: PMC10865647 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of effective strategies to maintain good mental health of older adults is a public health priority. Mindfulness-based interventions have the potential to improve psychological well-being and cognitive functions of older adults, but little is known about the effect of such interventions when delivered through internet. During the COVID-19 pandemic we evaluated short- and long-term cognitive, psychological, and physiological effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) delivered via web-based videoconference in healthy older adults. METHODS Fifty older adults participated in an 8-week MBI, which comprised structured 2-h weekly group sessions. A comprehensive evaluation encompassing cognitive (verbal memory, attention and processing speed, executive functions) and psychological assessments (depression and anxiety symptoms, mindfulness, worries, emotion regulation strategies, well-being, interoceptive awareness and sleep) was conducted. Additionally, electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded before and after the MBI and at the 6-month follow-up (T6). Data were analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach, using linear mixed models adjusted for age. The effect size for time was computed as omega squared. RESULTS We observed significant improvements from pre-MBI to post-MBI and at the T6 across several measures. These improvements were notable in the areas of verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test, p ≤ .007), attention and executive functions (Trail Making Test A and BA, p < .050), interoceptive awareness (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, p = .0002 for self-regulation and p < .05 for noticing, body listening, and trusting dimensions), and rumination (Heidelberg Form for Emotion Regulation Strategies, p = .018). These changes were associated with low to medium effect size. Moreover, we observed significant changes in EEG patterns, with a decrease in alpha1 (p = .004) and an increase in alpha2 (p < .0001) from pre-MBI to T6. Notably, improvements in TMTBA and rumination were correlated with the decrease in alpha1 (p < .050), while improvements in TMTA were linked to the increase in alpha2 (p = .025). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that a web-based MBI in older adults leads to improvements in cognitive and psychological measures, with associated modulations in specific brain rhythms. While these findings are promising, further controlled studies are required to validate these preliminary results. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial has been registered with the United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health Registry of Clinical Trials under the code NCT05941143 on July 12, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Galluzzi
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Lanfredi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Davide Vito Moretti
- Alzheimer's Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Rossi
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Meloni
- Unit of Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Evita Tomasoni
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Chiesa
- Istituto Mente E Corpo, Bologna, Italy
- Associazione Di Psicologia Cognitiva - Scuola Di Psicoterapia Cognitiva, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Pievani
- Laboratory Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni Di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Kundarti FI, Kiswati, Komalyna INT. Mindfullness based intervention reduce anxiety in labor. Gac Sanit 2024; 38:102359. [PMID: 38330537 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on anxiety through a systematic review. METHOD Systematic review by searching articles through the PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Wiley Library, Sage Journal, and Cochrane Library databases with publication years January 2012 to January 2022 RESULTS: Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria covering several countries, including Canada 1 article, Egypt 1 article, Taiwan 1 article, Amsterdam 2 articles, Iran 1 article, Austria 1 article, San Francisco 1 article, Germany 1 article, Sweden 1 article, China 1 article, and Spain 1 article. CONCLUSIONS Management of anxiety about childbirth is important for pregnant women. Mindfulness interventions are effective for reducing anxiety about labor and increasing comfort during labor. Mindfulness intervention mechanisms have the potential to reduce anxiety by increasing skills to regulate emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finta Isti Kundarti
- Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Malang, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Kiswati
- Department of Midwifery, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - I Nengah Tanu Komalyna
- Department of Nutrition, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Malang, Malang, Indonesia
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Dentz A, Soelch CM, Fahim C, Torsello A, Parent V, Ponsioen A, Guay MC, Bioulac-Rogier S, Clément C, Bader M, Romo L. Non-pharmacological treatment of Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD). Overview and report of the first international symposium on the non-pharmacological management of ADHD. Encephale 2024:S0013-7006(23)00082-9. [PMID: 38326137 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Attention Deficit Disorder with or without Hyperactivity (ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects the day-to-day functioning of children and adults with this condition. Pharmacological treatment can reduce the symptoms associated with ADHD, but it has some limitations. The objective of this symposium is to determine the effects of non-pharmacological approaches on ADHD symptoms. Results indicate that the following intervention are promising approaches: cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions (MBI), yoga, cognitive and metacognitive intervention, neurofeedback and parental training programs. Current research advocates multimodal approaches in conjunction with school or work accommodations integrating innovative technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Dentz
- Université de Fribourg, Département de Psychologie, rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Martin Soelch
- Université de Fribourg, Département de Psychologie, rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Cherine Fahim
- Université de Fribourg, Département de Psychologie, rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Torsello
- Université de Fribourg, Département de Psychologie, rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Céline Clément
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Sciences de l'Education et de la Communication (EA 2310), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Bader
- Unité de Recherche, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'adolescent (SUPEA - DP CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Romo
- EA4430 CLIPSYD, UFR SPSE, Paris Nanterre Université, Nanterre, France
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75
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Preissner CE, Vilier L, de Vries H, Oenema A. Consistency between definitions and measurement of mindfulness in eating and physical activity behavior: a scoping review. Health Psychol Rev 2024:1-25. [PMID: 38306410 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2024.2310115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness (i.e., relating to one's internal and external awareness with non-evaluative attitudes) is increasingly applied as a determinant and strategy to change dietary and physical activity behaviours in the general adult population. However, current applications of mindfulness lack methodological standardisation, thereby limiting its comparison. The aim of this study was to examine currently applied conceptual definitions of mindfulness regarding their elements, their measurement, and the consistency between the defined elements and their measurement.Using scoping review methodology, we searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed literature. Definitions were analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Consistency between defined elements and measurement was scored on an index. Across 57 records, less than half defined mindfulness as specific to a disposition, state, or action. One third described mindfulness as an attentional process without attitudinal elements. An additional 30% mentioned non-judgment as the singular attitudinal element underlying mindfulness. Empirical articles (n = 45) predominantly assessed dispositional mindfulness as a single score and frequently lacked measurement of defined attitudinal elements or measured elements that were not defined. To advance the systematic investigation of mindfulness, we present a conceptual model describing the measurement selection based on explicitly defined attentional and attitudinal mindfulness elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieke Vilier
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Oenema
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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76
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Abstract
In the current study, we examined the direct and indirect paths from mindfulness to adolescents' sibling relationships through their cognitive empathy and sympathy. The sample consisted of 220 adolescents (50.9 % female) between age of 13 and 17 years (M = 15.86, SD = 0.91). Participants reported their mindfulness (acceptance and awareness), cognitive empathy and sympathy, and sibling relationships. The parallel mediation model revealed that mindful awareness and acceptance predicted kindness, involvement, and empathy within sibling relationships through sympathy. In addition, there was a significant indirect effect of mindful awareness to empathy in sibling relationships through cognitive empathy. Findings provided information regarding the importance of indirect contributions of mindfulness to sibling relationships through cognitive empathy and sympathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Barata
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim H Acar
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Özyeğin University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Bostancı
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Işık University, İstanbul, Turkey
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77
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Zhao X, Zhang Y, Qin R, Li G, He X, Shen X, Li P. Dyadic association between mindfulness, family avoidance of communication about cancer and fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer couples: A cross-sectional study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 68:102491. [PMID: 38159530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The research focused on examining the dyadic relationship between mindfulness, fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), and family avoidance of communication about cancer (FACC) within breast cancer couples. METHODS This study utilized a cross-sectional approach to gather data from 249 breast cancer couples. Participants completed self-report measures assessing mindfulness, FCR, and FACC. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model was applied to analyze how each individual's and their partner's mindfulness affected their own and their partner's FCR, as well as the mediating role of FACC in this relationship. RESULTS The study found that the average FCR score for breast cancer patients was (32.59 ± 10.05), while their spouses had a score of (34.39 ± 8.60). The bootstrap method showed that self-FACC as a mediator between mindfulness in breast cancer couples and their own FCR (patient: β = -0.044, P = 0.019; spouse: β = -0.046, P = 0.007). Patients' FACC influenced the connection between their mindfulness and spouses' FCR (β = -0.031, P = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the potential for interventions that focus on mindfulness and communication enhancement to alleviate FCR and improve the overall well-being of breast cancer couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yunxue Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Rui Qin
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xudong He
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaona Shen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012, China.
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78
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Kander TN, Lawrence D, Fox A, Houghton S, Becerra R. Mindfulness-based interventions for preadolescent children: A comprehensive meta-analysis. J Sch Psychol 2024; 102:101261. [PMID: 38143094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Among the many social and emotional learning (SEL) interventions available, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have become increasingly popular, particularly for preadolescent children who were once thought to not possess the metacognitive abilities or cognitive resources to benefit from such training. Although previous research syntheses indicate that MBIs show promise in promoting positive outcomes across a range of domains, the effectiveness of MBIs for preadolescent children may be masked by the effects of older children who have comprised the majority of samples in past meta-analyses. Hence, to better understand the impact of mindfulness-based training on preadolescent children (ages 6-12 years), the present study reviewed treatment effect estimates across a range of outcomes, including mindfulness, attention, metacognition and cognitive flexibility, emotional and behavioral regulation, academic achievement and school functioning, positive emotion and self-appraisal, negative emotion and subjective distress, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, social competence and prosocial behavior, and physical health. Thirty-two studies (nparticipants = 3640) were identified and included in a random-effects meta-analyses. The results from multiple meta-analytical analyses conducted in the present study suggest that preadolescents have experienced significant benefits across attention, emotional and behavioral regulation, positive emotion and self-appraisal, and social competence and prosocial behavior (g = 0.19 to 0.39). However, the overall effect was deemed small (g = 0.34). Due to the lack of comparison studies with SEL interventions, it remains unclear whether MBIs are as effective as traditional approaches in promoting healthy development and academic achievement for preadolescent children. Additionally, results from the present meta-analysis suggest various recommendations for future studies to ensure a continued growth in understanding how MBIs can be used with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharen N Kander
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Allison Fox
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Stephen Houghton
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Rodrigo Becerra
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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79
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Moreira MDF, Gamboa OL, Oliveira MAP. Mindfulness intervention effect on endometriosis-related pain dimensions and its mediator role on stress and vitality: a path analysis approach. Arch Womens Ment Health 2024; 27:45-55. [PMID: 37848766 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-023-01381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis-related pain is supposedly mainly responsible for generating psychological stress and deteriorating the quality of life. However, the interaction between these factors has not been investigated, considering its multidimensional nature and through the path of effects of psychosocial approaches. The present study aims to investigate the effect of a brief mindfulness-based intervention (bMBI) on pain dimensions and its mediator role on psychological stress and QoL-Vitality improvement. A secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial using a series of parallel and serial mediators was carried out. The results showed that bMBI improves the sensory (B = -6.09 [-9.81, -2.52], β = -0.42) and affective (B = -3.40 [-5.02, -1.80], β = -0.47) pain. The bMBI effect on psychological stress reduction was mediated by these changes in sensory (B = -2.81 [-6.06, -0.41], β = -0.21) and affective (B = -1.97 [-5.07, -0.17], β = -0.15) pain. Serial sensory pain and psychological stress reduction (B = 2.27 [0.11, 5.81], β = -0.09) mediated the bMBI effect on quality of life vitality. Meditation training promotes additional improvement in affective and sensory pain characteristics through which psychological stress is reduced. The sensory pain dimension must be positively impacted in combination with psychological stress for the bMBI improves women's vitality. Adding a psychosocial intervention like meditation training to the standard treatment plan may be required for some women to achieve the needed changes to restore well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de França Moreira
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Olga Lucia Gamboa
- EQness, Sydney, Australia
- School of Psychology, A19 - Griffith Taylor Building, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Marco Aurelio Pinho Oliveira
- Department of Gynecology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20551-030, Brazil
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80
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Killeen TK, Brewerton TD. MORE Is Less Pain and Less Opioid Misuse: A Mindful Remedy. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:89-91. [PMID: 38298074 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20231001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Therese K Killeen
- Addiction Science Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Killeen), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Brewerton), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Timothy D Brewerton
- Addiction Science Division, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Killeen), and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (Brewerton), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
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81
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Barré T, Cherikh F, Carrieri P, Marcellin F. A call for mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis-use disorders. Encephale 2024; 50:118-120. [PMID: 37604715 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use is being increasingly liberalized worldwide, and an increasing prevalence of cannabis-use disorder (CUD) is observed. The few current therapeutic options for CUD are only modestly effective. Mindfulness-based interventions offer promising prospects for the management of substance-use disorders. However, despite proliferating literature on mindfulness and substance use, few studies have explored mindfulness in terms of cannabis use and CUD. There are many possibilities for the implementation of mindfulness-based interventions for cannabis use reduction, especially for younger users, who are more vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Accordingly, large controlled trials are needed to reliably assess the potential of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangui Barré
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Faredj Cherikh
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France; Addictology Unit, University Hospital of Nice, Archet 2 Hospital, Nice, France.
| | - Patrizia Carrieri
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Inserm, IRD, Sciences économiques et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale (SESSTIM), ISSPAM, Aix-Marseille université, Marseille, France.
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82
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Linardon J, Messer M, Goldberg SB, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M. The efficacy of mindfulness apps on symptoms of depression and anxiety: An updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 107:102370. [PMID: 38056219 PMCID: PMC10872959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness apps have become popular tools for addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety. Since the publication of earlier meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy of mindfulness apps for depression and anxiety symptoms, over 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been conducted. There is a need for an updated meta-analysis that quantifies the effects of mindfulness apps on these symptoms and tests for potential moderators.. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted on 45 RCTs. Small, significant effect sizes were found for symptoms of depression (Ncomp = 46, N = 5852, g = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.17, 0.31, NNT = 13.57) and anxiety (Ncomp = 48, N = 6082, g = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.21, 0.35, NNT = 11.47) in favour of mindfulness apps over control groups. This effect was not explained by symptom deterioration in participants allocated to control groups. Effects remained stable when restricting analyses to lower risk of bias and larger sample trials. No significant moderators were observed, except trials that offered monetary compensation produced larger effects on depression. Non-significant effects were observed when comparing mindfulness apps to active therapeutic comparisons (g = -0.15 depression, g = 0.10 anxiety), though the number of studies was low. Growing evidence indicates that mindfulness apps can acutely reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, although higher quality studies with longer follow-ups are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mariel Messer
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counselling Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Centre for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Center for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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83
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Arnaud N, Wartberg L, Simon-Kutscher K, Thomasius R. Prevalence of substance use disorders and associations with mindfulness, impulsive personality traits and psychopathological symptoms in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:451-465. [PMID: 36853515 PMCID: PMC9972301 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical phase for the development of substance use disorders (SUDs). For Europe and Germany, there are limited data on problematic substance use from representative youth samples. Trait mindfulness is relevant in buffering against substance use-related problems and associated deficits in self-regulatory control. The objective of this study is to estimate 12-month prevalence rates for SUDs in a representative sample of adolescents in Germany and to examine associations with mindfulness and related factors such as stress, impulsivity, sensation seeking and symptoms of psychopathology. A sample of 4001 adolescents aged 12-18 years from Germany was surveyed based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for SUDs. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations with mindfulness-related variables. Criteria of at least one of the assessed SUDs were endorsed by 11.2% of the adolescents. Alcohol use disorders had the highest prevalence rate (10.1%) followed by cannabis use disorders (2.6%). For both substances, the criteria for abuse were met about twice as often as those for dependence. The prevalence of cigarette dependence was 1.7%, while the prevalence for e-cigarette dependence was only 0.1%. Prevalence rates were higher for male youth and increasing with age. SUD prevalence was also related to mindfulness, impulsivity and sensation seeking and externalizing symptoms of psychopathology. The statistically significant associations varied across different SUDs. SUDs appear highly prevalent among German adolescents. The results have public health implications with regard to treatment needs and prevention measures in the youth population in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Arnaud
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Lutz Wartberg
- Medical School Hamburg (MSH), Faculty of Human Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Simon-Kutscher
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Thomasius
- German Centre for Addiction Research in Childhood and Adolescence, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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84
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Potsch L, Rief W. Effectiveness of behavioral activation and mindfulness in increasing reward sensitivity and reducing depressive symptoms - A randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2024; 173:104455. [PMID: 38128402 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Reward insensitivity is a potential key mechanism regarding the maintenance of depression. However, there is a lack of research examining and comparing the effectiveness of different psychological interventions in modifying reward insensitivity. This four-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigated a two-week online intervention. After screening for eligibility, a total of 336 participants were randomized, and 224 participated per-protocol. Participants were assigned to either a) behavioral activation, b) mindfulness and gratitude, c) a combination of both, or d) a waitlist control condition. They received videos and implemented daily exercises. Reward sensitivity and depressive symptoms served as primary outcomes. Behavioral activation and mindfulness significantly improved depressive symptoms and reward sensitivity. However, the effects of behavioral activation were not superior. The combination treatment versus the waiting group was insignificant regarding reward insensitivity. Explorative analyses revealed that all intervention groups reduced anhedonia substantially. Our findings imply that brief online interventions with behavioral activation and mindfulness-based approaches can impact reward insensitivity, while effects for a combination were less clear. Nonetheless, our results do not allow us to infer the differential effectiveness of the interventions. There is a clear need for treatments better targeting maintaining factors of depression, such as reward insensitivity. Clinical trial registration number: NCT05402150.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Potsch
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany.
| | - W Rief
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Gutenbergstr. 18, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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85
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Coopersmith AS, Berler MH, Johnston B, Knutilla L, Edwards AL, Lebares CC. Investigating influential factors and mechanisms of surgical resident well-being using social network analysis. Am J Surg 2024; 228:45-51. [PMID: 37722938 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout and depression in General Surgery residents affect patient care and drive attrition. Few impactful interventions exist, in part because little is known about influential drivers and mechanistic relationships. METHODS Residents from 16 general surgery programs completed published well-being scales in January 2021. Social network analysis demonstrated influential relationships between factors, and path analysis revealed drivers of burnout and depression. RESULTS 300 residents completed the survey (34% response rate). Workplace demand and mindfulness influenced depressive symptoms and emotional exhaustion, mediated by perceived stress. Mindfulness increased personal accomplishment, mediated by psychological well-being (p < 0.05 for all results). All mediated effects were greater than direct effects. CONCLUSIONS This study yielded a quantitative conceptual model of mechanistic relationships affecting well-being in surgical residency, identifying stress and psychological well-being (measuring sense of purpose) as central mediators, and triangulating workplace demand and mindfulness as potentially high-yield interventional targets for reducing burnout and depression in surgical residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari S Coopersmith
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H Berler
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brianna Johnston
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lillian Knutilla
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anya L Edwards
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carter C Lebares
- UCSF Center of Mindfulness in Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Kusko DA, Blake J, Williams R. A Narrative Review of the Effects of Mindfulness on Sleep and Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:91-97. [PMID: 37921937 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-023-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of both insomnia and hypertension in the general population is vast and the health implications to individuals and society are costly. The current pharmacological treatment options for insomnia and hypertension are limited and patients are becoming increasingly interested in non-pharmacological treatment options. Mindfulness, a disciplined mental training practice rooted in Eastern traditions, has become a widely popular treatment method for multiple chronic health problems. The aim of this paper was to review research on mindfulness-based intervention effects on sleep, insomnia, and hypertension from the past 3 years. Theoretical foundations of mindfulness are discussed. Empirical evidence and potential mechanisms of how mindfulness impacts sleep and hypertension are provided. RECENT FINDINGS Our findings suggest that mindfulness-based interventions are safe and effective for people with insomnia and hypertension. We saw consistent, albeit small to moderate, effects of mindfulness-based interventions on reducing insomnia symptoms, improving sleep quality, and lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. While mindfulness interventions have shown to be effective for improving sleep and lowering hypertension, future research is needed to further evaluate their efficacy on larger samples of patient populations with long-term follow-up measures. These high-quality studies could help researchers and clinicians identify treatment response tendencies in patient populations which can lead to better tailoring of mindfulness-based interventions for specific health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Kusko
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd Room 237G, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Jason Blake
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd Room 237G, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Rebecca Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd Room 237G, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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87
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Rosansky JA, Howard L, Goodman H, Okst K, Fatkin T, Fredericksen AK, Sokol R, Gardiner P, Parry G, Cook BL, Weiss RD, Schuman-Olivier ZD. Effects of live-online, group mindfulness training on opioid use and anxiety during buprenorphine treatment: A comparative effectiveness RCT. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 137:107417. [PMID: 38135210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Office-based opioid treatment with buprenorphine has emerged as a popular evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder. Unfortunately, psychosocial stress, anxiety, pain, and co-morbid substance use increase patients' risk for relapse. We designed this study to compare the effects of complementing buprenorphine treatment with 24 weeks of a live-online Mindful Recovery Opioid Care Continuum (M-ROCC) group to a time and attention-matched, live-online Recovery Support Group (RSG) active control condition. METHODS We plan to enroll a maximum of N = 280 and randomize at least N = 192 patients prescribed buprenorphine through referrals from office-based and telemedicine buprenorphine treatment providers and social media advertisements. Participants will be randomly assigned to M-ROCC or RSG and will be blinded to their treatment condition. The primary outcome for this study will be biochemically confirmed periods of abstinence from illicit opioids, as measured by self-reported use and randomly collected, video-observed oral fluid toxicology testing during the final 12 weeks of study participation. Secondary outcomes include changes in Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety and pain interference scores between baseline and week 24. RESULTS The trial was funded by the National Institutes of Health, HEAL Initiative through NCCIH (R33AT010125). Data collection is projected to end by September 2023, and we expect publication of results in 2024. CONCLUSION If the M-ROCC intervention is found to be effective in this format, it will demonstrate that live-online mindfulness groups can improve outcomes and address common co-morbidities like anxiety and pain during buprenorphine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Rosansky
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Leah Howard
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Hannah Goodman
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Kayley Okst
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fatkin
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - A Kiera Fredericksen
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Randi Sokol
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Department of Family Medicine, 1493 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; Tufts University School of Medicine, Family Medicine Residency Training Program, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Paula Gardiner
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America
| | - Gareth Parry
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L Cook
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Health Equity Research Lab, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Roger D Weiss
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, United States of America
| | - Zev D Schuman-Olivier
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Center for Mindfulness and Compassion, 350 Main Street, Suite 5126, Malden, MA 02148, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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Tsai N, Treves IN, Bauer CCC, Scherer E, Caballero C, West MR, Gabrieli JDE. Dispositional mindfulness: Dissociable affective and cognitive processes. Psychon Bull Rev 2024:10.3758/s13423-024-02462-y. [PMID: 38302789 DOI: 10.3758/s13423-024-02462-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness has been linked to a range of positive social-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As one of the few traits or dispositions that are associated with both affective and cognitive benefits, we asked whether mindfulness is associated with affective and cognitive outcomes through a shared, unitary process or through two dissociable processes. We examined this in adolescents using behavioral measures and also reanalyzed previously reported neuroimaging findings relating mindfulness training to either affect (negative emotion, stress) or cognition (sustained attention). Using multivariate regression analyses, our findings suggest that the relationships between dispositional mindfulness and affective and cognitive processes are behaviorally dissociable and converge with neuroimaging data indicating that mindfulness modulates affect and cognition through separate neural pathways. These findings support the benefits of trait mindfulness on both affective and cognitive processes, and reveal that those benefits are at least partly dissociable in the mind and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tsai
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Isaac N Treves
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Clemens C C Bauer
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Avenue, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ethan Scherer
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Camila Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Martin R West
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Keshavan MS, Bhargav H. Know thyself (Jnana Yoga): Psychotherapeutic insights from the east. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 92:103907. [PMID: 38199200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Humans have asked themselves the question "who am I" from ancient times. Vedic, upanishadic and buddhist philosophers have pointed out over millennia the illusive nature of the individual self, and posit either a no-self, or a universal Self. Vedantic scholars also posit the illusory nature of the universe (Maya) and suggest that the only reality is the knower (Brahman), a view resonating with modern concepts in quantum theory. On the other hand, western philosophers, notably influenced by the Cartesian dualism, have pursued an individualist view of the self. Recent psychological literature is convergent with eastern views and emphasizes the importance of understanding the self, metacognition and mindful practices to understand the mind and its afflictions. Several recent western psychotherapeutic models resonate with, and may have been motivated, at least in part, by ancient eastern philosophy and spiritual practices. More work is needed to develop and implement psychotherapeutic approaches using eastern insights, and to empirically test their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hemant Bhargav
- Department of Integrative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India.
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90
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Abstract
Although researchers predict that experiencing greater trait mindfulness should be related to less prejudiced attitudes towards others, the evidence has been inconsistent. We suggest that this is due to the narrow operationalizations of mindfulness that have been utilized thus far. Specifically, research to date has relied solely on mindfulness as it pertains to the self. We therefore examined an expanded definition of mindfulness to study the role of nonjudgmental attitudes towards others and its relation with prejudice. Using a new measure of Nonjudgmental Regard towards Others (NRO), the current study found that Ideological Acceptance, or judgments of another's actions, ideas, and personality, and Emotion Acceptance, or acceptance of another's emotions and emotional expressions, were independently associated with prejudiced attitudes towards numerous different outgroups such as drug users, people who are overweight, homosexuals, and people with disabilities. Furthermore, they were able to explain variance over and above the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Social Dominance Orientation and Right-Wing Authoritarianism. Having a nonjudgmental regard towards others, not just the self, may be an important component of mindfulness that has not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelheid A M Nicol
- Department of Military Psychology and Leadership, The Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kalee De France
- Yale Center for Emotional Intelligence, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Garland EL, Nakamura Y, Bryan CJ, Hanley AW, Parisi A, Froeliger B, Marchand WR, Donaldson GW. Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Veterans and Military Personnel on Long-Term Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:125-134. [PMID: 38196335 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20230272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) among past and present U.S. military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain. METHODS In this clinical trial, 230 past and present military personnel with prescriptions for long-term opioid therapy were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to MORE or supportive psychotherapy (initially delivered in person and then via videoconferencing after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic). Primary outcomes were chronic pain, measured by the Brief Pain Inventory, and aberrant drug-related behaviors, measured by the Current Opioid Misuse Measure, through 8 months of follow-up. Opioid dose was a key secondary outcome. Other outcomes included psychiatric symptoms, catastrophizing, positive affect, ecological momentary assessments of opioid craving, and opioid attentional bias. RESULTS MORE was superior to supportive psychotherapy through the 8-month follow-up in reducing pain-related functional interference, pain severity, and opioid dose. MORE reduced daily opioid dose by 20.7%, compared with a dose reduction of 3.9% with supportive psychotherapy. Although there was no overall between-group difference in opioid misuse, the in-person MORE intervention outperformed supportive psychotherapy for reducing opioid misuse. MORE reduced anhedonia, pain catastrophizing, craving, and opioid attentional bias and increased positive affect to a greater extent than supportive psychotherapy. MORE also modulated therapeutic processes, including mindful reinterpretation of pain sensations, nonreactivity, savoring, positive attention, and reappraisal. CONCLUSIONS Among past and present U.S. military personnel, MORE led to sustained decreases in chronic pain, opioid use, craving, and opioid cue reactivity. MORE facilitated opioid dose reduction while preserving adequate pain control and preventing mood disturbances, suggesting its utility for safe opioid tapering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Garland
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Yoshio Nakamura
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Craig J Bryan
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Adam W Hanley
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Anna Parisi
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Brett Froeliger
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - William R Marchand
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
| | - Gary W Donaldson
- Center on Mindfulness and Integrative Health Intervention Development, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (Garland, Nakamura, Hanley, Parisi); Veterans Health Care Administration VISN 19 Whole Health Flagship Site, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City (Garland, Marchand); Pain Research Center, Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Nakamura, Donaldson); Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State University, Columbus (Bryan); Departments of Psychiatry and Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia (Froeliger); Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Marchand)
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MacDougall AG, Wiener JC, Puka K, Price E, Oyewole-Eletu O, Gardizi E, Anderson KK, Norman RMG. Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention for persons with early psychosis: A multi-site randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:502-510. [PMID: 38290375 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mindfulness Ambassador Program (MAP) is a group-based, facilitated mindfulness-based intervention (MBI). We sought to determine the effectiveness of MAP on reducing negative psychotic symptoms and enhancing mindfulness skills among persons experiencing early psychosis. METHODS We conducted a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) at three early psychosis intervention (EPI) programs in Ontario, Canada. Participants (N = 59) were randomly assigned to receive MAP (n = 29) for 1-hour weekly sessions over 3 months, or to treatment as usual (TAU, n = 30). Assessments were conducted at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months using the Self-Evaluation of Negative Symptoms (SNS) and Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS). Linear mixed methods were used to assess the joint effects of group and time. RESULTS At 3 months, participants who received MAP (n = 17) demonstrated greater reductions on the SNS relative to TAU (n = 15), which were clinically and statistically significant (-4.1; 95%CI -7.5, -0.7; p = 0.019). At 6 months, the difference between MAP (n = 10) and TAU (n = 13) was no longer statistically significant (-1.2; 95%CI -5.2,2.7; p = 0.54). On the KIMS, no significant effects were found at 3 months (+0.3; 95%CI -2.0,2.5; p = 0.82) or 6 months (+0.4; 95%CI -2.2,2.9; p = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS We conducted one of the first multi-site RCTs of a MBI for early psychosis. Our findings indicated that MAP was more effective in reducing negative symptoms compared to TAU in the short term. Earlier reductions in negative psychotic symptoms may help facilitate recovery in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene G MacDougall
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joshua C Wiener
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klajdi Puka
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Elmar Gardizi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ross M G Norman
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
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93
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Zhang XF, Li RN, Deng JL, Chen XL, Zhou QL, Qi Y, Zhang YP, Fan JM. Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on cardiovascular risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Psychosom Res 2024; 177:111586. [PMID: 38185037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reviews have shown that mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) were effective in improving cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), but the results were contradictory. This umbrella review aimed to summarize and grade the existing reviews on CVRFs associated with MBIs. METHODS The protocol of this umbrella review had been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022356812). PubMed, Web of science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL were searched from database inception to 20 July 2022. The quality of evidence was assessed through GRADE. RESULTS Twenty-seven reviews with 14,923 participants were included. Overall, 45% of reviews had low heterogeneity (I2 < 25%). For the quality of evidence, 31% were rated very low, 42% were rated low, 17% were rated moderate and 10% were rated high. MBIs significantly improved systolic blood pressure [SMD -5.53 mmHg (95% CI -7.81, -3.25)], diastolic blood pressure [SMD -2.13 mmHg (95% CI -2.97, -1.30)], smoking [Cohen's d 0.42 (95% CI 0.20, 0.64)], glycosylated hemoglobin [MD 0.01 (95% CI -0.43, -0.07)], binge eating behavior [SMD -6.49 (95% CI -10.80, -2.18)], depression [SMD -0.72 (95% CI -1.23, -0.21)] and stress [SMD -0.67 (95% CI -1.00, -0.34)]. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, this umbrella review provided evidence for the role of MBIs in the improvement of CVRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruo-Nan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin-Lan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qi-Lun Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Ming Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Williams M, Honan C, Skromanis S, Sanderson B, Matthews AJ. Psychological and attentional outcomes following acute mindfulness induction among high anxiety individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 170:361-374. [PMID: 38215647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Training outcomes of mindfulness interventions for anxiety have been extensively researched. Less is known about the acute effects of mindfulness induction and associated mechanisms. This systematic review aimed to identify 1) the effect of mindfulness induction on pre-post measures of state anxiety and attention among adults experiencing high levels of anxiety; and 2) the impact of predictors, mediators and moderators on post-induction changes in anxiety and attention. State distress and mindfulness were included as secondary outcomes. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in November 2021 in electronic databases using relevant search terms. Five studies (four randomised controlled trials and one non-randomised controlled trial) were included, comprising a total of 277 participants with elevated trait/generalised anxiety. Each study used a brief audio-based mindfulness induction exercise. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated mindfulness induction had medium and large effects on state anxiety (k = 3, n = 100, g = -0.60, 95%CI [-1.04, -0.16]; p = .008) and state mindfulness (k = 2, n = 110, g = 0.91, 95%CI [0.52, 1.30], p < .001), respectively, when compared with non-therapeutic control conditions. Furthermore, two studies showed small and moderate effects of mindfulness on state anxiety when compared to therapeutic active controls, but were not pooled in a meta-analysis. While results could not be pooled for attention, there was limited evidence of behavioural improvements on tasks measuring aspects of attention following mindfulness induction. However, one study found an increase in Low Beta to High Beta ratio and a reduction in Beta activity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex following mindfulness induction. Moreover, another study found aspects of state mindfulness mediated reductions in state anxiety. LIMITATIONS A small number of studies were included in the review, with high risk of bias and low certainty of evidence present. CONCLUSION The findings support the use of mindfulness induction to reduce state anxiety in anxious individuals but suggest gains in state mindfulness may be a more realistic expected outcome. Further controlled trials are needed to delineate the relative effects of objectively assessed anxiety outcomes from mindfulness induction in clinically defined samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Williams
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001.
| | - Cynthia Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, 7250
| | - Sarah Skromanis
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia, 7250
| | - Ben Sanderson
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001
| | - Allison J Matthews
- School of Psychological Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, 7001
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95
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Guzman Villegas-Frei M, Jubin J, Bucher CO, Bachmann AO. Self-efficacy, mindfulness, and perceived social support as resources to maintain the mental health of students in Switzerland's universities of applied sciences: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:335. [PMID: 38297239 PMCID: PMC10829234 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Switzerland's student population is at a particularly high risk of developing mental health disorders, creating a major challenge for Switzerland's higher education establishments. Research to date has primarily sought to identify the risk factors affecting students' mental health; however, their exposure to these factors is often unavoidable. Thus, the present study adopted a salutogenic approach focussing on the determinants of health. We examined the mental health resources available to students reported in the literature as being susceptible to helping them maintain good mental health despite their exposure to risk factors. METHODS In February 2020, 2,415 first- and second-year bachelor's degree students in applied sciences in French-speaking Switzerland completed an online questionnaire. The variables measured were self-evaluated mental health, perceived stress and three potential health resources: students' feelings of self-efficacy, their capacity for mindfulness and their social support. The results were analysed using hierarchical linear regression models. RESULTS When all the variables were included in the model without interaction effect, our results revealed that students' self-evaluated mental health was negatively associated with perceived stress (β = -0.43, p < 0.001) and positively associated with the three potential health resources (self-efficacy: β = 0.26, p < 0.001; mindfulness: β = 0.10, p < 0.001; social support: β = 0.17, p < 0.001). An analysis of the interaction effects also revealed that a high level of self-efficacy was associated with perceived stress being less strongly linked to mental health (β = 0.29, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that self-efficacy, mindfulness, and perceived social support are valuable resources for protecting students' mental health. Thus, implementing interventions aimed at reinforcing them, could support students in applied sciences all along their academic pathway, in their classes and during their professional work experience placements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Guzman Villegas-Frei
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Jubin
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Ortoleva Bucher
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland
| | - Annie Oulevey Bachmann
- La Source School of Nursing, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Av. Vinet 30, Lausanne, 1004, Switzerland.
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Wilson A, Carswell C, McKeaveney C, Atkinson K, Burton S, McVeigh C, Graham-Wisener L, Jääskeläinen E, Johnston W, O'Rourke D, Reid J, Rej S, Walsh I, Noble H. Examining the acceptability and feasibility of the Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme in adults living with chronic kidney disease: the COSMIC study findings. BMC Nephrol 2024; 25:45. [PMID: 38297189 PMCID: PMC10832231 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-024-03473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with chronic kidney disease experience difficult physical and psychological symptoms, that impact quality of life, and are at increased risk of anxiety and depression. Access to specialist psychological support is limited. This study aimed to support a new service development project, in collaboration with Kidney Care UK, to implement the Compassionate Mindful Resilience (CMR) programme, developed by MindfulnessUK, which provides accessible mindfulness techniques and practices to enhance compassion and resilience, and explore its feasibility for people living with stage 4 or 5 kidney disease and transplant. METHODS A multi-method feasibility design was utilised. Participants over 18 years, from the UK, with stage 4 or 5 kidney disease or post-transplant, and who were not currently undergoing psychotherapy, were recruited to the four-week CMR programme. Data was collected at baseline, post-intervention and three-months post to measure anxiety, depression, self-compassion, mental wellbeing, resilience, and mindfulness. The acceptability of the intervention for a kidney disease population was explored through qualitative interviews with participants, and the Mindfulness Teacher. RESULTS In total, 75 participants were recruited to the study, with 65 completing the CMR programme. The majority were female (66.2%) and post-transplant (63.1%). Analysis of completed outcome measures at baseline and post-intervention timepoints (n = 61), and three-months post intervention (n = 45) revealed significant improvements in participant's levels of anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001), self-compassion (p = .005), mental wellbeing (p < .001), resilience (p.001), and mindfulness (p < .001). Thematic analysis of interviews with participants (n = 19) and Mindfulness Teacher (n = 1) generated three themes (and nine-subthemes); experiences of the CMR programme that facilitated subjective benefit, participants lived and shared experiences, and practicalities of programme participation. All participants interviewed reported that they found programme participation to be beneficial. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the CMR programme has the potential to improve psychological outcomes among people with chronic kidney disease. Future randomized controlled trials are required to further test its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Claire Carswell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Clare McKeaveney
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Stephanie Burton
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Clare McVeigh
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - William Johnston
- Patient and Carer Education Partnership, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Daniel O'Rourke
- Patient and Carer Education Partnership, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Joanne Reid
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Soham Rej
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ian Walsh
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast Northern, Ireland
- Knightsbridge Healthcare Group, Belfast, UK
- Institute of Psychosexual Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Noble
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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97
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Foale S, Botma Y, Heyns T. Mindfulness-based interventions to support wellbeing of adults in low socio-economic settings: a realist review. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:52. [PMID: 38267955 PMCID: PMC10807132 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness as a modality involves training the innate human capacity for present-moment awareness with a view to cultivating a more harmonious and integrated life experience, especially in the face of hardship. Over the past four decades, the field of mindfulness has grown rapidly. Despite a substantial body of literature outlining the many benefits of mindfulness practice within a range of contexts and populations, the authors noticed that studies addressing the adaptation, application and value of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for adults within socio-economically challenged setting were scant. To address this gap, we conducted a realist review of studies pertaining to MBIs within low socio-economic settings, to determine the extend and nature of research in this sector and culminating in a program theory which may be useful for the design of interventions going forward. METHODS We selected realist review as the methodology as it is well suited to investigating the complex nature of social interventions. The value of realist review is that the exploration of the causal relationships between the mechanisms (M) within a specific context (C) towards particular outcomes (O) offers a deeper understanding of the intervention which may assist in more effective delivery going forward. The review follows the guidelines presented by the Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis - Evolving Standards project. RESULTS Of the 112 documents identified, 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of these 12 studies, 10 were conducted in the United States, with little representation across the rest of the globe. The interventions described in these articles were varied. We identified mechanisms that offered beneficial outcomes for participants across a range of contexts, with indications of how interventions might be adapted towards greater accessibility, acceptability, and feasibility within communities. CONCLUSION By reviewing the various programs in their respective contexts, we developed a program theory for implementing socio-culturally adapted MBIs in low socio-economic settings. In the future, this program theory could be tested as a means to create a sense of wellbeing for people living in low socio-economic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Foale
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Yvonne Botma
- School of Nursing, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Tanya Heyns
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Juozelskyte G, Catling J. Assessing the mindfulness predictors of mental health: does mindfulness practise or dispositional mindfulness better protect young peoples' mental health? Health Psychol Behav Med 2024; 12:2305723. [PMID: 38274652 PMCID: PMC10810619 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2024.2305723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background University is an important time in a young person's life. Although it is a time of exploration, self-discovery and socialising, it is also a time of increased vulnerability to mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Studies have shown that engagement in mindfulness activities can have a positive effect on mental health. However, research is limited in its scope in particular in relation to stressful (transitional) periods of life. Methods The current study aims to address this issue by providing evidence on the predictive impact of both mindfulness practice and 'dispositional' (or trait) mindfulness on students' mental health. In total, we gathered data from 190 first-year students. Results A multiple regression was utilised for data analysis. This showed that 'dispositional' mindfulness, but not mindful activity had a significant impact on mental health scores. Conclusion This provides data for future research into the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions for student adaptation to university and potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Catling
- The School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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99
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Bulbuloglu S, Gunes H. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adherence of immunosuppressive treatment in liver transplant recipients: A randomized controlled trial. Explore (NY) 2024:S1550-8307(24)00005-3. [PMID: 38245470 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on the adherence of liver transplant recipients to immunosuppressive therapy with a randomized controlled design. METHOD This randomized controlled trial was performed with 120 liver transplant recipients hospitalized at the liver transplant department of a research and practice hospital (n = 120). While we administered no intervention to the patients in the control group (n = 60), we provided Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy to those in the experimental group (n = 60). We used the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale to collect data. We utilized descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests, independent-samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-squared tests to analyze the data. RESULTS After the intervention, the immunosuppressive therapy adherence levels of the experimental group increased significantly (p < 0.01). On the other hand, the control group had significantly higher adherence to immunosuppressive therapy and significantly higher levels of mindfulness in the pretest phase than it did in the posttest phase (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Complete adherence to immunosuppressive therapy is imperative for the prevention of graft rejection in liver transplant recipients. In our study, the experimental group equipped with enhanced mindfulness had higher adherence to immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, the use of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in the promotion of adherence to immunosuppressive therapy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Bulbuloglu
- Division of Surgical Nursing, Nursing Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Gunes
- Division of Surgical Nursing, Nursing Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
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100
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Zhang J, Zheng S, Hu Z, Wang J. Effects of mindfulness on depression in college students: mediating role of psychological resilience and moderating role of gender. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38229195 PMCID: PMC10790462 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01468-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A questionnaire was administered to 936 college students to investigate the mediating effect of psychological resilience in the association between mindfulness and college student depression, as well as the moderating role of gender. METHODS For this study, data was collected between 20 April and 1 May 2023 at three universities in Jiangxi Province using a random sampling method. 963 Chinese university students were surveyed using the Adolescent Mindfulness Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Depression Self-Rating Scale.SPSS24.0 software was used for correlation analysis and linear regression analysis, and PROCESS v3.4 model 7 was used to analyze this mediated model with moderating effects. RESULTS In the mediated effects model, the direct effect of mindfulness on college depression levels was significant (95% CI -0.43, -0.31); the indirect effect of mindfulness on college depression through psychological resilience was also significant (95% CI -0.34, -0.23); the interaction effect of mindfulness and gender was also found to be significant (95% CI 0.03, 0.16) in the mediated model with moderation. CONCLUSION Mindfulness not only affect depression directly, but also indirectly through the mediating effect of psychological resilience. At the same time, the prediction of psychological resilience by mindfulness was also moderated by gender, with girls' psychological resilience being more affected by the level of mindfulness compared to boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Science and Technology College, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiujiang, China.
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Science and Technology College, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Zhongzheng Hu
- Science and Technology College, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Science and Technology College, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiujiang, China
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