1
|
Rheims S, Herbillon V, Gaillard S, Mercier C, Villeuve N, Villéga F, Cances C, Castelnau P, Napuri S, de Saint‐Martin A, Auvin S, Nguyen The Tich S, Berquin P, de Bellecize J, Milh M, Roy P, Arzimanoglou A, Bodennec J, Bezin L, Kassai B. Phosphatidylserine enriched with polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid supplementation for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with epilepsy: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Epilepsia Open 2024; 9:582-591. [PMID: 38173190 PMCID: PMC10984292 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequent comorbidity in children with epilepsy, which management mostly relies on the usual treatments of ADHD, especially methylphenidate. Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed as an alternative therapeutic approach in ADHD without epilepsy but has never been evaluated in epilepsy-associated ADHD. METHODS A multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA, in eicosapentaenoic- and docosahexaenoic-acid form, conjugated to a phospholipid vector (PS-Omega3) in children aged >6 and <16-years old, and suffering from any type of epilepsy and ADHD (inattentive or combined type) according to DSM-V. After a 4-week baseline period, patients were allocated (1:1) either to placebo group or to PS-Omega 3 group and entered a 12 week-double-blind treatment period which was followed by a 12 week-open-label treatment period. The primary outcome was the reduction of the ADHD-rating scale IV attention-deficit subscore after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants and the expected sample size was not reached. Seventy-four patients were randomized, 44 in PS-Omega3, and 30 in the placebo group. The reduction after 12 weeks of treatment in the inattention subscore of the ADHD-IV scale was -1.57 in the PS-Omega3 group, and -2.90 in the placebo group (p = 0.33, α = 5%). Results were similar after 24 weeks of treatment and for all other ADHD-related secondary outcomes, with no difference between placebo and PS-Omega3. CONCLUSION Our study remaining underpowered, no formal conclusion about the effect of Ps-Omega3 could be drawn. However, our data strongly suggested that the PS-Omega 3 formulation used in the current study did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Supplementation with polyunsaturated n-3 Fatty Acid (PUFA) has been proposed in ADHD but has never been evaluated in patients with both epilepsy and ADHD. To address this issue, we conducted a multicenter double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluating supplementation with PUFA in children with epilepsy and ADHD. The study was stopped early because of lack of eligible participants, hampering formal conclusion. However, the evolution of the ADHD symptoms at 12 and 24 weeks did not differ between placebo and PUFA supplementation, strongly suggesting that PUFA did not improve ADHD symptoms in children with epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Rheims
- Department of Functional Neurology and EpileptologyHospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Vania Herbillon
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Ségolène Gaillard
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, AP‐HP, Robert‐Debré University HospitalCRMR Épilepsies Rares, EpiCARE MemberParisFrance
- INSERM NeuroDiderotUniversité Paris CitéParisFrance
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)ParisFrance
| | | | | | - Julitta de Bellecize
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyAPHMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pascal Roy
- Department of BiostatisticsHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy, Sleep and Paediatric Neurophysiology DepartmentHospices Civils de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Jacques Bodennec
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Laurent Bezin
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028/CNRS UMR 5292Lyon 1 UniversityLyonFrance
- Epilepsy InstituteLyonFrance
| | - Behrouz Kassai
- Clinical Investigation Centre 1407, Hospices Civils de Lyon‐InsermHôpital Louis PradelBronFrance
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Equipe Biostatistique‐Santé, CNRS, UMR 5558Lyon 1 UniversityVilleurbanneFrance
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sim S, Maldonado IL, Castelnau P, Barantin L, El-Hage W, Andersson F, Cottier JP. Neural correlates of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis on magnetic resonance imaging: similarities and differences. A scoping review. J Neuroradiol 2024; 51:131-144. [PMID: 37981196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness meditation (MM) and hypnosis practices are gaining interest in mental health, but their physiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to synthesize the functional, morphometric and metabolic changes associated with each practice using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to identify their similarities and differences. METHODS MRI studies investigating MM and hypnosis in mental health, specifically stress, anxiety, and depression, were systematically screened following PRISMA guidelines from four research databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO) between 2010 and 2022. RESULTS In total, 97 references met the inclusion criteria (84 for MM and 13 for hypnosis). This review showed common and divergent points regarding the regions involved and associated brain connectivity during MM practice and hypnosis. The primary commonality between mindfulness and hypnosis was decreased default mode network intrinsic activity and increased central executive network - salience network connectivity. Increased connectivity between the default mode network and the salience network was observed in meditative practice and mindfulness predisposition, but not in hypnosis. CONCLUSIONS While MRI studies provide a better understanding of the neural basis of hypnosis and meditation, this review underscores the need for more rigorous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Sim
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; Service de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps, Hôpital Clocheville, CHRU, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France
| | | | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Cottier
- CHRU de Tours, service de radiologie, Tours, France; UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France; CUMIC, Collège Universitaire des Médecines Intégratives et Complémentaires, Nantes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hazard M, Perivier M, Gaisne C, Hicham R, Castelnau P. Hypnosis therapy for self-esteem in pediatric neurology practice: A pilot exploratory study. Arch Pediatr 2024; 31:72-76. [PMID: 37993315 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of pediatric conditions are chronic, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), idiopathic epilepsies, or anxiety disorder. They all have an impact on self-esteem with consequences on the quality of life. Hypnosis is a therapeutic strategy that consists in putting into trance an individual who becomes receptive to appropriate suggestions. Such an approach is now considered a simple and safe therapy with limited cost. The aim of the present study was to show the feasibility of hypnosis for improving self-esteem in children with the aforementioned conditions. METHODS We conducted a single-center study with prospectively collected data during routine care. Patients with ADHD, idiopathic epilepsies, or anxiety disorder and a low self-esteem were included between April 2018 and February 2020. They all underwent the same hypnosis protocol conducted by the same therapist. Self-esteem was assessed using two self-evaluation scales, the Jodoin 40 scale and Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale, and a self-assigned self-esteem score at the beginning and at the end of the hypnosis session. RESULTS Among the 14 children included, 11 were studied (6 ADHD, 1 anxiety disorder, 4 idiopathic epilepsies). The median age at inclusion was 12.2 years and the sex ratio was 4:3 (boys:girls). Final comparisons showed that self-esteem had improved, which was statistically significant regarding the Jodoin 40 scale and the self-assigned self-esteem score (p ≤ 0.05). Neither side effect nor disease worsening was observed. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the feasibility of therapeutic hypnosis in clinical practice for improving self-esteem in chronic pediatric conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Hazard
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Excellence Autism Center-Tours (EXAC-T), CHRU Tours, F-37000 France
| | - Maximilien Perivier
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Excellence Autism Center-Tours (EXAC-T), CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Reference Center for Language and Learning Disorders (CRTLA), Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France
| | - Charly Gaisne
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France
| | - Rime Hicham
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Excellence Autism Center-Tours (EXAC-T), CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Reference Center for Language and Learning Disorders (CRTLA), Clocheville Hospital, CHRU Tours, F-37000 France; Inserm, U1253, iBrain Tours, F-37000 France; François Rabelais University, Tours, F-37000 France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mandine N, Tavernier E, Hülnhagen T, Maréchal B, Kober T, Tauber C, Guichard M, Castelnau P, Morel B. Corpus callosum in children with neurodevelopmental delay: MRI standard qualitative assessment versus automatic quantitative analysis. Eur Radiol Exp 2023; 7:61. [PMID: 37833469 PMCID: PMC10575841 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-023-00375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corpus callosum (CC) is a key brain structure. In children with neurodevelopmental delay, we compared standard qualitative radiological assessments with an automatic quantitative tool. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 73 children (46 males, 63.0%) with neurodevelopmental delay at single university hospital between September 2020 and September 2022. All of them underwent 1.5-T brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including a magnetization-prepared 2 rapid acquisition gradient echoes - MP2RAGE sequence. Two radiologists blindly reviewed the images to classify qualitatively the CC into normal, hypoplasic, hyperplasic, and/or dysgenetic classes. An automatic tool (QuantiFIRE) was used to provide brain volumetry and T1 relaxometry automatically as well as deviations of those parameters compared with a healthy age-matched cohort. The MRI reference standard for CC volumetry was based on the Garel et al. study. Cohen κ statistics was used for interrater agreement. The radiologists and QuantiFIRE's diagnostic accuracy were compared with the reference standard using the Delong test. RESULTS The CC was normal in 42 cases (57.5%), hypoplastic in 20 cases (27.4%), and hypertrophic in 11 cases (15.1%). T1 relaxometry values were abnormal in 26 children (35.6%); either abnormally high (18 cases, 24.6%) or low (8 cases, 11.0%). The interrater Cohen κ coefficient was 0.91. The diagnostic accuracy of the QuantiFIRE prototype was higher than that of the radiologists for hypoplastic and normal CC (p = 0.003 for both subgroups, Delong test). CONCLUSIONS An automated volumetric and relaxometric assessment can assist the evaluation of brain structure such as the CC, particularly in the case of subtle abnormalities. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Automated brain MRI segmentation combined with statistical comparison to normal volume and T1 relaxometry values can be a useful diagnostic support tool for radiologists. KEY POINTS • Corpus callosum abnormality detection is challenging but clinically relevant. • Automated quantitative volumetric analysis had a higher diagnostic accuracy than that of visual appreciation of radiologists. • Quantitative T1 relaxometric analysis might help characterizing corpus callosum better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Mandine
- Pediatric Radiology Department, CHRU of Tours, Clocheville Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Elsa Tavernier
- Clinical Investigation Center, INSERM 1415, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Till Hülnhagen
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bénédicte Maréchal
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kober
- Advanced Clinical Imaging Technology, Siemens Healthineers International, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LTS5, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clovis Tauber
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Marine Guichard
- Pediatric Neurology Department, CHRU of Tours, Clocheville Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Pediatric Neurology Department, CHRU of Tours, Clocheville Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Baptiste Morel
- Pediatric Radiology Department, CHRU of Tours, Clocheville Hospital, Tours, France.
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biotteau M, Tournay E, Baudou E, Destarac S, Iannuzzi S, Faure-Marie N, Castelnau P, Schweitzer E, Rodriguez D, Kemlin I, Dorison N, Rivier F, Carneiro M, Preclaire E, Barbarot S, Lauwers-Cancès V, Chaix Y. Reading Comprehension Impairment in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): The Need of Multimodal Assessment of Attention. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:625-634. [PMID: 33507832 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820981270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention span, which has been shown to have an impact on reading quality in many other conditions, is one of the main cognitive disorders of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The aim of this work is to observe the impact of attention on reading comprehension, in NF1 and non-NF1 children. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children (8-12 years old) with or without NF1 (75 NF1 vs 75 non-NF1; 72 female, 78 male), matched for age, sex, handedness, and reading level, thus forming a continuum from good to poor readers in both NF1 and non-NF1 groups. Children with intellectual deficiency or neurologic or psychiatric disorder were excluded. Attentional skills were assessed by combining a parent questionnaire (Child Behavior CheckList) and a performance-based assessment (Conner's Continuous Performance Test-Second Edition). Reading comprehension was assessed through a standardized reading comprehension test (ORLEC Lobrot). The performance-based attention scores were associated with text and sentence comprehension ability (P = .0235 and P = .0164, respectively), while indirect questionnaire attention scores were only associated with sentence comprehension (P = .0263). For both groups, the correlations between questionnaire and performance-based measures were low. We have shown that reading comprehension is greatly influenced by attention in NF1 and non-NF1, even if predictors of good reading comprehension also include IQ score and reading accuracy. Indirect observer-rated questionnaires and direct performance-based measures of attention do not assess the same variables, are linked to different components of reading skills, and are not interchangeable assessments of attention difficulties. Both assessments are complementary and must be used simultaneously, leading to recommendations that support multimodal assessment of attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Biotteau
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, 27102Inserm, UPS, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Tournay
- Epidemiology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Eloise Baudou
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, 27102Inserm, UPS, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Destarac
- Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Toulouse Clinical Investigation Center, Children's Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Inserm U1436, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Iannuzzi
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- Pediatric Neurology, Clocheville Children's Hospital, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France.,UMR 1253, iBrain, University fo Tours, 27102Inserm, Tours, France.,School of Medicine, University of Tours Francois Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth Schweitzer
- Pediatric Neurology, Clocheville Children's Hospital, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Sorbonne University, APHP.SU, Department of Neuropediatry & Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disabilities, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France.,Inserm U1141, FHU I2-D2, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Kemlin
- Sorbonne University, APHP.SU, Department of Neuropediatry & Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disabilities, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dorison
- Sorbonne University, APHP.SU, Department of Neuropediatry & Reference Center for Neurogenetics Disabilities, Armand Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, Inserm, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Maryline Carneiro
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Reference Center for Language Disabilities, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | - Elodie Preclaire
- Department of Pediatric Neurology & Reference Center for Language Disabilities, Montpellier University Hospital, France
| | | | | | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, 27102Inserm, UPS, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dupuy C, Castelnau P, Mavel S, Lefevre A, Nadal-Desbarats L, Bodard S, Busson J, Dufour-Rainfray D, Blasco H, Emond P, Galineau L. SHR/NCrl rats as a model of ADHD can be discriminated from controls based on their brain, blood, or urine metabolomes. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:235. [PMID: 33888684 PMCID: PMC8062531 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying ADHD are still poorly understood, and its diagnosis remains difficult due to its heterogeneity. Metabolomics is a recent strategy for the holistic exploration of metabolism and is well suited for investigating the pathophysiology of diseases and finding molecular biomarkers. A few clinical metabolomic studies have been performed on peripheral samples from ADHD patients but are limited by their access to the brain. Here, we investigated the brain, blood, and urine metabolomes of SHR/NCrl vs WKY/NHsd rats to better understand the neurobiology and to find potential peripheral biomarkers underlying the ADHD-like phenotype of this animal model. We showed that SHR/NCrl rats can be differentiated from controls based on their brain, blood, and urine metabolomes. In the brain, SHR/NCrl rats displayed modifications in metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress further supporting their importance in the pathophysiology of ADHD bringing news arguments in favor of the Neuroenergetic theory of ADHD. Besides, the peripheral metabolome of SHR/NCrl rats also shared more than half of these differences further supporting the importance of looking at multiple matrices to characterize a pathophysiological condition of an individual. This also stresses out the importance of investigating the peripheral energy and oxidative stress metabolic pathways in the search of biomarkers of ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dupuy
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sylvie Mavel
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Lefevre
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | | | - Sylvie Bodard
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Julie Busson
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Diane Dufour-Rainfray
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Helene Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Biotteau M, Déjean S, Lelong S, Iannuzzi S, Faure-Marie N, Castelnau P, Rivier F, Lauwers-Cancès V, Baudou E, Chaix Y. Sporadic and Familial Variants in NF1: An Explanation of the Wide Variability in Neurocognitive Phenotype? Front Neurol 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32431664 PMCID: PMC7214842 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is the most common neurological manifestation in NF1 and occurs in 30–70% of NF1 cases. The onset and severity of each specific cognitive deficit varies greatly from child to child, with no apparent external causes. The wide variability of phenotype is the most complex aspect in terms of management and care. Despite multiple research, the mechanism underlying the high heterogeneity in NF1 has not yet been elucidated. While many studies have focused on the effects of specific and precise genetic mutations on the NF1 phenotype, little has been done on the impact of NF1 transmission (sporadic vs. familial cases). We used a complete neuropsychological evaluation designed to assess five large cognitive areas: general cognitive functions (WISC-IV and EVIP); reading skills (“L'Alouette,” ODEDYS-2 and Lobrot French reading tests); phonological process (ODEDYS-2 test); visual perceptual skills (JLO, Thurstone and Corsi block tests) and attention (CPT-II), as well as psychosocial adjustments (CBCL) to explore the impact of NF1 transmission on cognitive disease manifestation in 96 children affected by NF1 [55 sporadic cases (29♀, 26♂); 41 familial cases (24♀, 17♂)]. Results: Familial and Sporadic form of NF1 only differ in IQ expression. The families' socioeconomic status (SES) impacts IQ performance but not differently between sporadic and familial variants. However, SES is lower in familial variants than in the sporadic variant of NF1. No other cognitive differences emerge between sporadic and familial NF1. Conclusions: Inheritance in NF1 failed to explain the phenotype variability in its entirety. IQ differences between groups seems in part linked to the environment where the child grows up. Children with NF1, and especially those that have early diagnoses (most often in inherited cases), must obtain careful monitoring from their early childhood, at home to strengthen investment in education and in school to early detect emerging academic problems and to quickly place them into care. Trial Registration: IDRCB, IDRCB2008-A01444-51. Registered 19 January 2009.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maëlle Biotteau
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Déjean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219 Université de Toulouse, CNRS UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Lelong
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Iannuzzi
- Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- UMR 1253, iBrain, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,Department of Medicine, University of Tours Francois Rabelais, Tours, France.,Pediatric Neurology, Clocheville Children's Hospital, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - François Rivier
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Reference Center for Language Disabilities, CHU Montpellier, PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eloïse Baudou
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, University of Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Children's Hospital, Toulouse-Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Picard L, Maakaroun-Vermesse Z, Hoarau C, Castelnau P, Périvier M. Pediatric neurolisteriosis: A diagnosis to consider even in the absence of immunodeficiency. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:171-173. [PMID: 30885606 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurolisteriosis is known to affect vulnerable groups, for example neonates or children with immunodeficiency. This is a key point of the current clinical guidelines regarding pediatric meningitis. We report a rare case of neurolisteriosis in an immunocompetent infant, without the typical signs of listeriosis, which led to a delay in administering the appropriate antibiotherapy. This case illustrates the clinical heterogeneity of neurolisteriosis and the relevance of appropriate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests when the clinical presentation differs from the current guidelines. This case also reminds us that raw or unpasteurized milk-based food products pose a risk even in immunocompetent infants or children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Picard
- Service de Neuropédiatrie et handicaps de l'enfant, hôpital pédiatrique Gatien de Clocheville, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Z Maakaroun-Vermesse
- Service de médecine interne et de maladies infectieuses, hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - C Hoarau
- Unité transversale d'allergologie et immunologie clinique, hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 2, boulevard Tonnellé, 37000 Tours, France
| | - P Castelnau
- Service de Neuropédiatrie et handicaps de l'enfant, hôpital pédiatrique Gatien de Clocheville, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - M Périvier
- Service de Neuropédiatrie et handicaps de l'enfant, hôpital pédiatrique Gatien de Clocheville, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours, France; Inserm, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mancini J, Dubus JC, Jouve E, Roux JC, Franco P, Lagrue E, Castelnau P, Cances C, Chaix Y, Rougeot-Jung C, Cornu C, Desportes V, Vallée L, Bahi-Buisson N, Truillet R, Attolini L, Villard L, Blin O, Micallef J. Effect of desipramine on patients with breathing disorders in RETT syndrome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 5:118-127. [PMID: 29468173 PMCID: PMC5817841 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental condition with breathing disorders, affecting around one in 10,000 female births. Desipramine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, reduced the number of apneas in Mecp2-deficient mice, a model of RTT. We planned a phase 2 trial to test its efficacy and its safety on breathing patterns in 36 girls with RTT. Methods The trial was a 6-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00990691. Girls diagnosed according to clinical examination and confirmed by genotyping were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive 2-3 mg/kg Desipramine per day (high Desipramine), 1-2 mg/kg Desipramine per day (low Desipramine), or a placebo. The primary outcome was the change of apnea hypopnea index (AHI), defined by the number of apnea and hypopnea events per hour, assessed at 6 months from baseline. Intention-to-treat analysis was applied. Results The median change in AHI from baseline to 6 months was -31 (IQR: -37 to -11) for the high Desipramine, -17.5 (IQR: -31 to 13) for the low Desipramine, and -13 (IQR:-31 to 0) for the placebo group. We did not find any significant difference in these changes between the groups (P = 0.781). A significant inverse correlation between Desipramine plasma concentration and AHI (r = -0.44; P = 0.0002) was underlined. Interpretation This first clinical trial of desipramine did not show clinical efficacy. Although required further studies, the significant correlation between Desipramine concentrations and improvement of AHI provided additional and relevant reasons to test the noradrenergic pathway in RTT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josette Mancini
- Neuropediatric Unit Aix Marseille University Children Hospital APHM, Timone, Neurosciences Institute Marseille France
| | - Jean-Christophe Dubus
- Pneumology Pediatric Unit Aix Marseille University Children Hospital CNRS URMITE 6236A PHM Marseille France
| | - Elisabeth Jouve
- Department of Pharmacology F-CRIN Orphan DEV Timone Neurosciences Institute Aix Marseille University CNRS INTAPHM, CIC CPCET CHU Timone Marseille France
| | | | - Patricia Franco
- Neuropediatric Ward Hypnology Unit Lyon University Civil Hospices of Lyon INSERM U628 Lyon France
| | - Emmanuelle Lagrue
- Neuropediatrics and Handicap Department Tours University INSERM, UMR U930 Imaging and Brain, CHRU Tours Tours France
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Neuropediatrics and Handicap Department Tours University INSERM, UMR U930 Imaging and Brain, CHRU Tours Tours France
| | - Claude Cances
- Neuropediatric Unit Neuro Imaging Center Toulouse University Children Hospital CHU PURPANUMR 1214 Toulouse France
| | - Yves Chaix
- Neuropediatric Unit Neuro Imaging Center Toulouse University Children Hospital CHU PURPANUMR 1214 Toulouse France
| | - Christelle Rougeot-Jung
- Lyon University National Reference Center for Rare Diseases with Intellectual Disability HFME Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France.,CNRS UMR 5304 ISC Lyon France
| | - Catherine Cornu
- Department of Pharmacotoxicology Clinical Investigation Center Hospices Civils de Lyon INSERM 1407 Lyon France.,Lyon University CNRS UMR 5558 Lyon France
| | - Vincent Desportes
- Lyon University National Reference Center for Rare Diseases with Intellectual Disability HFME Hospices Civils de Lyon Lyon France.,CNRS UMR 5304 ISC Lyon France
| | - Louis Vallée
- Department of Neuropediatrics Lille North 2 University CHRU Hôpital Roger Salengro Lille France
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Imagine Institute and INSERM UMR-1163 Embryology and Genetics of Congenital Malformations Pediatric Neurology Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University Necker Enfants Malades University Hospital AP-HP Paris France
| | - Romain Truillet
- Department of Pharmacology F-CRIN Orphan DEV Timone Neurosciences Institute Aix Marseille University CNRS INTAPHM, CIC CPCET CHU Timone Marseille France
| | - Laurence Attolini
- Department of Pharmacology F-CRIN Orphan DEV Timone Neurosciences Institute Aix Marseille University CNRS INTAPHM, CIC CPCET CHU Timone Marseille France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Aix Marseille University INSERM, GMGF UMR_S 910 Marseille France
| | - Olivier Blin
- Department of Pharmacology F-CRIN Orphan DEV Timone Neurosciences Institute Aix Marseille University CNRS INTAPHM, CIC CPCET CHU Timone Marseille France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- Department of Pharmacology F-CRIN Orphan DEV Timone Neurosciences Institute Aix Marseille University CNRS INTAPHM, CIC CPCET CHU Timone Marseille France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chaix Y, Lauwers-Cancès V, Faure-Marie N, Gentil C, Lelong S, Schweitzer E, Rodriguez D, Iannuzzi S, Kemlin I, Dorison N, Rivier F, Carniero M, Preclaire E, Barbarot S, Lion-François L, Castelnau P. Deficit in phonological processes: a characteristic of the neuropsychological profile of children with NF1. Child Neuropsychol 2017; 24:558-574. [DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2017.1313970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Chaix
- ToNIC, Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, France
- Children’s Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Gentil
- Epidemiology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Lelong
- Children’s Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Pediatric Clinical Research Unit, Toulouse Clinical Investigation Center, Children’s Hospital, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Schweitzer
- Neuropediatrics & Disabilities Unit, Gatien de Clocheville Children’s Hospital, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- Pediatric Neurology Department & Neurofibromatosis Referral Center, Armand Trousseau Hospital, East Paris University Hospital, Paris, France
- University of Paris VI Pierre & Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universities, Paris, France
- “Neuroprotection of the Developing Brain” Joint Research Unit (U1141), INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Isabelle Kemlin
- Pediatric Neurology Department & Neurofibromatosis Referral Center, Armand Trousseau Hospital, East Paris University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Dorison
- Pediatric Neurology Department & Neurofibromatosis Referral Center, Armand Trousseau Hospital, East Paris University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François Rivier
- Neuropediatric Department & Language Disorders Referral Center, Montpellier Regional University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- “Physiology & Experimental Medicine” Research Unit (U1046 INSERM & UMR 9214 CNRS), University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maryline Carniero
- Neuropediatric Department & Language Disorders Referral Center, Montpellier Regional University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Preclaire
- Neuropediatric Department & Language Disorders Referral Center, Montpellier Regional University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Pierre Castelnau
- “Brain & Imaging” Joint Research Unit (UMR 930), Bretonneau Hospital, Tours Regional University Hospital, Tours, France
- University of Tours François Rabelais, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Blanchard G, Lafforgue MP, Lion-François L, Kemlin I, Rodriguez D, Castelnau P, Carneiro M, Meyer P, Rivier F, Barbarot S, Chaix Y. Systematic MRI in NF1 children under six years of age for the diagnosis of optic pathway gliomas. Study and outcome of a French cohort. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2016; 20:275-281. [PMID: 26774135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Optic pathway glioma (OPG) is the most common central nervous system tumor in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), affecting 15-20% of patients. We reviewed the medical records of children systematically screened by ophthalmologic and MRI examinations to determine the influence of screening on the therapeutic management of children with OPG. METHODS Data were collected on 306 newly diagnosed cases screened with systematic MRI from January 2001 to July 2007. In the OPG group, we distinguished the asymptomatic or symptomatic groups according to their initial status. RESULTS Forty-five patients had confirmed OPG (14.7%). Thirty-six patients (80%) were asymptomatic and nine (20%) were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis with visual symptoms in six cases. The average age at OPG diagnosis was 3.4 years with six patients (13%) over six years old. Average follow-up was 7.7 years. Progression was observed in 16 cases (35%). Most patient conditions were managed conservatively (87%). Six children (13%) were treated with chemotherapy due to worsening visual function. All of these children had severe or mild visual impairment at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION Our study does not support a clear benefit of systematic MRI screening in NF1 children under six years old. Systematic neuroimaging in our study did not influence therapeutic management. Although OPG diagnosis was made early, treatment with chemotherapy did not improve the final visual outcome. If MRI remains the best tool for the diagnosis of cerebral and spinal pathologies in the NF1 population, our current study questions the usefulness of systematic MRI screening for OPG diagnosis. Conversely, this study suggests that the indication of neuroimaging should be dictated by the results of annual clinical and ophthalmological assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Blanchard
- Service de neurologie pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme, Mère, Enfant, Bron, France
| | | | | | - Isabelle Kemlin
- AP-HP, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Neurofibromatoses, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, CHU Paris Est, Paris, France
| | - Diana Rodriguez
- AP-HP, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique et Centre de Référence des Neurofibromatoses, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, CHU Paris Est, Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France; Inserm U1141, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Unité de Neuropédiatrie et Handicaps, Hôpital d'Enfants Gatien de Clocheville, CHU de Tours, France; Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau, UMR 930, CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours, France; Université de Tours, François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Maryline Carneiro
- CHRU de Montpellier, Neuropédiatrie & Centre de Référence des Troubles du Langage, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Meyer
- CHRU de Montpellier, Neuropédiatrie & Centre de Référence des Troubles du Langage, Montpellier, France
| | - François Rivier
- CHRU de Montpellier, Neuropédiatrie & Centre de Référence des Troubles du Langage, Montpellier, France; Université de Montpellier, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France; U1046 Inserm, UMR9214 CNRS, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Yves Chaix
- Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Inserm, Imagerie Cérébrale et Handicaps Neurologiques UMR 825, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moizard MP, Ronce N, Blesson S, Bieth E, Burglen L, Mignot C, Mortemousque I, Marmin N, Dessay B, Danesino C, Feillet F, Castelnau P, Toutain A, Moraine C, Raynaud M. Twenty-five novel mutations including duplications in the ATP7A gene. Clin Genet 2015; 79:243-53. [PMID: 21208200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01461.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five novel mutations including duplications in the ATP7A gene. Menkes disease (MD) and occipital horn syndrome (OHS) are allelic X-linked recessive copper deficiency disorders resulting from ATP7A gene mutations. MD is a severe condition leading to progressive neurological degeneration and death in early childhood, whereas OHS has a milder phenotype with mainly connective tissue abnormalities. Until now, molecular analyses have revealed only deletions and point mutations in both diseases. This study reports new molecular data in a series of 40 patients referred for either MD or OHS. We describe 23 point mutations (9 missense mutations, 7 splice site variants, 4 nonsense mutations, and 3 small insertions or deletions) and 7 intragenic deletions. Of these, 18 point mutations and 3 deletions are novel. Furthermore, our finding of four whole exon duplications enlarges the mutation spectrum in the ATP7A gene. ATP7A alterations were found in 85% of cases. Of these alterations, two thirds were point mutations and the remaining one third consisted of large rearrangements. We found that 66.6% of point mutations resulted in impaired ATP7A transcript splicing, a phenomenon more frequent than expected. This finding enabled us to confirm the pathogenic role of ATP7A mutations, particularly in missense and splice site variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-P Moizard
- CHRU de Tours, Service de Génétique, Tours, F-37044, France INSERM U930, Tours, F-37044, France CHU Hôpital Purpan, Service de Génétique médicale, Toulouse, F-31059, France CHU Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Service de Génétique et Embryologie médicales, Paris, F-75571, France CHU Hôpital d'Enfants Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Paris, F-75012, France Genetica Medica, Università di Pavia, Fondazione IRCCS S. Matteo, Pavia, I-27100, Italie Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, INSERM U954. Hôpital d'Enfants, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, F-54511, France CHRU de Tours, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Tours, F-37044 France; Université François Rabelais Tours, F-37044, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fergon A, Guerreiro J, Castelnau P, Naydenova D, Hebert C, Desbordes A, Werner E. P-456 – Thrombophlébite cérébrale et asphyxie périnatale. Arch Pediatr 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(15)30633-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Lepelletier FX, Tauber C, Nicolas C, Solinas M, Castelnau P, Belzung C, Emond P, Cortese S, Faraone SV, Chalon S, Galineau L. Prenatal exposure to methylphenidate affects the dopamine system and the reactivity to natural reward in adulthood in rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu044. [PMID: 25522388 PMCID: PMC4360227 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylphenidate (MPH) is a commonly-used medication for the treatment of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). However, its prescription to adults with ADHD and narcolepsy raises the question of how the brain is impacted by MPH exposure during pregnancy. The goal of this study was to elucidate the long-term neurobiological consequences of prenatal exposure to MPH using a rat model. METHODS We focused on the effects of such treatment on the adult dopamine (DA) system and on the reactivity of animals to natural rewards. RESULTS This study shows that adult male rats prenatally exposed to MPH display elevated expression of presynaptic DA markers in the DA cell bodies and the striatum. Our results also suggest that MPH-treated animals could exhibit increased tonic DA activity in the mesolimbic pathway, altered signal-to-noise ratio after a pharmacological stimulation, and decreased reactivity to the locomotor effects of cocaine. Finally, we demonstrated that MPH rats display a decreased preference and motivation for sucrose. CONCLUSIONS This is the first preclinical study reporting long-lasting neurobiological alterations of DA networks as well as alterations in motivational behaviors for natural rewards after a prenatal exposure to MPH. These results raise concerns about the possible neurobiological consequences of MPH treatment during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Lepelletier
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Clovis Tauber
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Céline Nicolas
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Marcello Solinas
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Pierre Castelnau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Catherine Belzung
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Patrick Emond
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Sylvie Chalon
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone)
| | - Laurent Galineau
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, Inserm, Imagerie et Cerveau UMR 930, Tours, France (Drs Lepelletier, Tauber, Castelnau, Belzung, Emond, Chalon, and Galineau); Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France (Drs Nicolas and Solinas); Child Neurology Unit, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Castelnau); Department of Neurosciences, University François Rabelais of Tours, Tours, France (Drs Belzung and Galineau); Institute for Pediatric Neuroscience, NYU Child Study Center, Langone Medical Center, NY (Dr Cortese); Child Psychiatry Centre, University Hospital, University of Tours, Tours, France (Dr Cortese); Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY (Dr Faraone).
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Le Moigno L, Ternant D, Paintaud G, Thibault G, Cloarec S, Tardieu M, Lagrue E, Castelnau P. Encéphalite à anticorps anti-récepteurs N-méthyl-d-aspartate (NMDA-R) : place des immunomodulateurs. Arch Pediatr 2014; 21:620-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Rullier C, De La Vaissiere S, Lagrue E, De Courtivron B, Carpentier E, Castelnau P. SFP PC-39 - Quelle maladie rechercher devant une pseudarthrose congénitale ? Arch Pediatr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(14)72189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
17
|
Cortese S, Castelnau P, Morcillo C, Roux S, Bonnet-Brilhault F. Psychostimulants for ADHD-like symptoms in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 12:461-73. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.12.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
18
|
Lagrue E, Barantin L, Sirinelli D, Castelnau P. Diagnosis of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr Neurol 2012; 46:57-9. [PMID: 22196496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
19
|
Ouattara LA, Barin F, Barthez MA, Bonnaud B, Roingeard P, Goudeau A, Castelnau P, Vernet G, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Komurian-Pradel F. Novel human reovirus isolated from children with acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:1436-44. [PMID: 21801621 PMCID: PMC3381585 DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
For many encephalitis cases, the cause remains unidentified. After 2 children (from the same family) received a diagnosis of acute necrotizing encephalopathy at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (Tours, France), we attempted to identify the etiologic agent. Because clinical samples from the 2 patients were negative for all pathogens tested, urine and throat swab specimens were added to epithelial cells, and virus isolates detected were characterized by molecular analysis and electron microscopy. We identified a novel reovirus strain (serotype 2), MRV2Tou05, which seems to be closely related to porcine and human strains. A specific antibody response directed against this new reovirus strain was observed in convalescent-phase serum specimens from the patients, whereas no response was observed in 38 serum specimens from 38 healthy adults. This novel reovirus is a new etiologic agent of encephalitis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lagrue E, Abe H, Lavanya M, Touhami J, Bodard S, Chalon S, Battini JL, Sitbon M, Castelnau P. Regional characterization of energy metabolism in the brain of normal and MPTP-intoxicated mice using new markers of glucose and phosphate transport. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17:91. [PMID: 21129221 PMCID: PMC3009624 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/04/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), the amphotropic murine leukemia virus (AMLV) and the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that specifically bind nutrient transporters with their envelope glycoproteins (Env) when entering host cells. Here, we used tagged ligands derived from GALV, AMLV, and HTLV Env to monitor the distribution of their cognate receptors, the inorganic phosphate transporters PiT1 and PiT2, and the glucose transporter GLUT1, respectively, in basal conditions and after acute energy deficiency. For this purpose, we monitored changes in the distribution of PiT1, PiT2 and GLUT1 in the cerebellum, the frontal cortex, the corpus callosum, the striatum and the substantia nigra (SN) of C57/BL6 mice after administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridinium (MPTP), a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor which induces neuronal degeneration in the striato-nigral network.The PiT1 ligand stained oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum and showed a reticular pattern in the SN. The PiT2 ligand stained particularly the cerebellar Purkinje cells, while GLUT1 labelling was mainly observed throughout the cortex, basal ganglia and cerebellar gray matter. Interestingly, unlike GLUT1 and PiT2 distributions which did not appear to be modified by MPTP intoxication, PiT1 immunostaining seemed to be more extended in the SN. The plausible reasons for this change following acute energy stress are discussed.These new ligands therefore constitute new metabolic markers which should help to unravel cellular adaptations to a wide variety of normal and pathologic conditions and to determine the role of specific nutrient transporters in tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lagrue
- UMR Inserm U 930, CNRS FRE 2448, Université François Rabelais de Tours, F-37044 Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barbier C, Chabernaud C, Barantin L, Bertrand P, Sembely C, Sirinelli D, Castelnau P, Cottier JP. Proton MR spectroscopic imaging of basal ganglia and thalamus in neurofibromatosis type 1: correlation with T2 hyperintensities. Neuroradiology 2010; 53:141-8. [PMID: 20959972 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-010-0776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is frequently associated with hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted images called "unidentified bright objects" (UBO). To better characterize the functional significance of UBO, we investigate the basal ganglia and thalamus using spectroscopic imaging in children with NF1 and compare the results to anomalies observed on T2-weighted images. METHODS Magnetic resonance (MR) data of 25 children with NF1 were analyzed. On the basis of T2-weighted images analysis, two groups were identified: one with normal MR imaging (UBO- group; n = 10) and one with UBO (UBO+ group; n = 15). Within the UBO+ group, a subpopulation of patients (n = 5) only had lesions of the basal ganglia. We analyzed herein seven regions of interest (ROIs) for each side: caudate nucleus, capsulo-lenticular region, lateral and posterior thalamus, thalamus (lateral and posterior voxels combined), putamen, and striatum. For each ROI, a spectrum of the metabolites and their ratio was obtained. RESULTS Patients with abnormalities on T2-weighted images had significantly lower NAA/Cr, NAA/Cho, and NAA/mI ratios in the lateral right thalamus compared with patients with normal T2. These abnormal spectroscopic findings were not observed in capsulo-lenticular regions that had UBO but in the thalamus region that was devoid of UBO. CONCLUSION Multivoxel spectroscopic imaging using short-time echo showed spectroscopic abnormalities in the right thalamus of NF1 patients harboring UBO, which were mainly located in the basal ganglia. This finding could reflect the anatomical and functional interactions of these regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Barbier
- Department of Neuroradiology, CHRU & Tours University, Tours 37000, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chabernaud C, Sirinelli D, Barbier C, Cottier JP, Sembely C, Giraudeau B, Deseille-Turlotte G, Lorette G, Barthez MA, Castelnau P. Thalamo-striatal T2-weighted hyperintensities (unidentified bright objects) correlate with cognitive impairments in neurofibromatosis type 1 during childhood. Dev Neuropsychol 2010; 34:736-48. [PMID: 20183730 DOI: 10.1080/87565640903265137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Learning disabilities represent the main childhood complication in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Patients frequently exhibit T2-weighted hyperintensities called unidentified bright objects (UBOs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with unclear relationship to such cognitive disabilities. This study aimed to determine whether thalamo-striatal UBOs correlate with cognitive disturbances. Thirty-seven NF1 children were studied: 24 with UBOs (18 of which were thalamo-striatal UBOs), and 13 without UBOs. NF1 subjects carrying thalamo-striatal UBOs had significantly lower IQs and visuospatial performances than those without UBOs in this location. These results suggest that UBOs may contribute to NF1 cognitive impairments through thalamo-cortical dysfunction.
Collapse
|
23
|
Arpin S, Lagrue E, Bodard S, Chalon S, Castelnau P. Basal ganglia neuroprotection with anticonvulsants after energy stress: a comparative study. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:453-61. [PMID: 19789969 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model provides a valuable paradigm of the energy deficiency disorders found in childhood. In such disorders, anticonvulsants may provide neuroprotection by modulating cellular energy consumption and by exerting favorable pleiotropic effects on neuronal survival. To verify such hypothesis, we tested the effects of levetiracetam, vigabatrin, gabapentine, pregabaline, tiagabine, clonazepam and lamotrigine on neuroprotection in the MPTP mouse model. The membrane dopamine transporter (DAT) density, which provides a reliable index of dopaminergic neurons survival in the basal ganglia, was assessed by semi-quantitative autoradiography of the striatum. Unlike all other anticonvulsants tested, lamotrigine provided a significant and dose-dependent neuroprotection in these experimental conditions. Lamotrigine, a widely used and well-tolerated molecule in children, could provide neuroprotection in various energy deficiency disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Arpin
- UMRS INSERM U 930, CNRS ERL 3106, Imagerie et cerveau, Tours 37000, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sitbon M, Abe H, Courgnaud V, Giovannini D, Kim F, Lavanya M, Manel N, Touhami J, Switzer WM, Castelnau P, Lagrue E, Nadal-Desbarats L, de Guillen K, Roumestand C, Battini JL. Capture in the metabolic arena: co-selection of gamma and deltaretrovirus envelope glycoproteins and their receptors. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2766951 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s2-i20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
25
|
Clot F, Grabli D, Cazeneuve C, Roze E, Castelnau P, Chabrol B, Landrieu P, Nguyen K, Ponsot G, Abada M, Doummar D, Damier P, Gil R, Thobois S, Ward AJ, Hutchinson M, Toutain A, Picard F, Camuzat A, Fedirko E, Sân C, Bouteiller D, LeGuern E, Durr A, Vidailhet M, Brice A. Exhaustive analysis of BH4 and dopamine biosynthesis genes in patients with Dopa-responsive dystonia. Brain 2009; 132:1753-63. [PMID: 19491146 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awp084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia is a childhood-onset dystonic disorder, characterized by a dramatic response to low dose of L-Dopa. Dopa-responsive dystonia is mostly caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the GCH1 gene (GTP cyclohydrolase1) and more rarely by autosomal recessive mutations in the TH (tyrosine hydroxylase) or SPR (sepiapterin reductase) genes. In addition, mutations in the PARK2 gene (parkin) which causes autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism may present as Dopa-responsive dystonia. In order to evaluate the relative frequency of the mutations in these genes, but also in the genes involved in the biosynthesis and recycling of BH4, and to evaluate the associated clinical spectrum, we have studied a large series of index patients (n = 64) with Dopa-responsive dystonia, in whom dystonia improved by at least 50% after L-Dopa treatment. Fifty seven of these patients were classified as pure Dopa-responsive dystonia and seven as Dopa-responsive dystonia-plus syndromes. All patients were screened for point mutations and large rearrangements in the GCH1 gene, followed by sequencing of the TH and SPR genes, then PTS (pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase), PCBD (pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase), QDPR (dihydropteridin reductase) and PARK2 (parkin) genes. We identified 34 different heterozygous point mutations in 40 patients, and six different large deletions in seven patients in the GCH1 gene. Except for one patient with mental retardation and a large deletion of 2.3 Mb encompassing 10 genes, all patients had stereotyped clinical features, characterized by pure Dopa-responsive dystonia with onset in the lower limbs and an excellent response to low doses of L-Dopa. Dystonia started in the first decade of life in 40 patients (85%) and before the age of 1 year in one patient (2.2%). Three of the 17 negative GCH1 patients had mutations in the TH gene, two in the SPR gene and one in the PARK2 gene. No mutations in the three genes involved in the biosynthesis and recycling of BH4 were identified. The clinical presentations of patients with mutations in TH and SPR genes were strikingly more complex, characterized by mental retardation, oculogyric crises and parkinsonism and they were all classified as Dopa-responsive dystonia-plus syndromes. Patient with mutation in the PARK2 gene had Dopa-responsive dystonia with a good improvement with L-Dopa, similar to Dopa-responsive dystonia secondary to GCH1 mutations. Although the yield of mutations exceeds 80% in pure Dopa-responsive dystonia and Dopa-responsive dystonia-plus syndromes groups, the genes involved are clearly different: GCH1 in the former and TH and SPR in the later.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Clot
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lagrue E, Abert B, Nadal L, Tabone L, Bodard S, Medja F, Lombes A, Chalon S, Castelnau P. MPTP intoxication in mice: a useful model of Leigh syndrome to study mitochondrial diseases in childhood. Metab Brain Dis 2009; 24:321-35. [PMID: 19319673 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-009-9132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/22/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The basal ganglia, which are interconnected in the striato-nigral dopaminergic network, are affected in several childhood diseases including Leigh syndrome (LS). LS is the most common mitochondrial disorder affecting children and usually arise from inhibition of the respiratory chain. This vulnerability is attributed to a particular susceptibility to energetic stress, with mitochondrial inhibition as a common pathogenic pathway. In this study we developed a LS model for neuroprotection trials in mice by using the complex I inhibitor MPTP. We first verified that MPTP significantly inhibits the mitochondrial complex I in the brain (p = 0.018). This model also reproduced the biochemical and pathological features of LS: MPTP increased plasmatic lactate levels (p = 0.023) and triggered basal ganglia degeneration, as evaluated through dopamine transporter (DAT) autoradiography, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry, and dopamine dosage. Striatal DAT levels were markedly decreased after MPTP treatment (p = 0.003). TH immunoreactivity was reduced in the striatum and substantia nigra (p = 0.005), and striatal dopamine was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). Taken together, these results confirm that acute MPTP intoxication in young mice provides a reproducible pharmacological paradigm of LS, thus opening new avenues for neuroprotection research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Lagrue
- Unité Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm, U930, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mercier S, Josselin de Wasch M, Labarthe F, Jardel C, Lombès A, Munnich A, Toutain A, Nivet H, Saliba E, Chantepie A, Castelnau P. [Clinical variability and diagnosis steps in childhood mitochondrial disease]. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:322-30. [PMID: 19233626 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2008.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiencies are known for their high clinical variability. Difficult to diagnose, the prevalence of these diseases is probably underestimated. METHODS We report 18 children diagnosed with respiratory chain deficiency at the Tours University Hospital over the past 10 years. RESULTS Three clinical profiles can be distinguished depending on the age at onset of the first symptoms: the neonatal period (4 cases), between 1 month and 2 years of age (10 cases), and after 10 years (4 cases). However, no clinical feature appears specific of any age group. In contrast, respiratory chain analysis on liver biopsy was very informative for all our patients at any age and with any clinical presentation, even with predominant neurological symptoms. CONCLUSIONS These biochemical analyses support the diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders in view of molecular analysis, which nevertheless frequently remains inconclusive. These investigations should benefit from the new molecular screening technologies based on DNA chips that can identify the genomic mutations responsible for these severe and relatively frequent diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mercier
- Service de génétique, hôpital Bretonneau, CHU de Tours, université de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stopek D, Gitteau Lala E, Labarthe F, Le Lez ML, Majzoub S, Castelnau P, Pisella PJ. [Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency and choroidal neovascularization]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2008; 31:993-8. [PMID: 19107076 DOI: 10.1016/s0181-5512(08)74746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 9-year-old girl with a long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD) deficiency. This enzyme participates in mitochondrial fatty acid B-oxidation. Genetic fatty acid oxidation defects induce cellular energetic deficiency, and thus early life-threatening manifestations. An appropriate diet prevents these severe disorders. Nevertheless, LCHAD deficiency is the only B-oxidation enzymatic disorder that induces a chorioretinopathy, predominating at the posterior pole. We describe the first case of bilateral macular choroidal neovascularization. One eye presented a fibrovascular lesion. The other eye presented an active neovascularization stabilized by two dynamic phototherapies. The specificity of choroidal degeneration related to LCHAD deficiency remains unknown. Reviewing of literature and biochemical mechanisms suggests that fatty acid oxidative stress rather than a mitochondrial energetic defect is involved. For practical purposes, this report emphasizes the importance of ophthalmological follow-up of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Stopek
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Bretonneau, Tours.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chabernaud C, Deseille-Turlotte G, Barbier C, Sirinelli D, Cottier JP, Castelnau P. SFP-22 – Neurologie – Influence des OBNI sur les troubles d’apprentissage dans la NF1. Arch Pediatr 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(08)72089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
The 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) inhibits the mitochondrial complex I of the respiratory chain. This results in ATP and ion homeostasis disturbances, which lead to selective death of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Well known as a Parkinson's disease model, the MPTP animal model also provides a potential paradigm of the energy deficiencies found in childhood. In these conditions, anticonvulsants may provide neuroprotection by limiting cellular energy consumption. We tested valproate, topiramate and lamotrigine in the MPTP mouse model. Dopamine transporter (DAT) density was assessed by quantitative autoradiography, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and dopamine (DA) levels by HPLC-ED whereas neuronal apoptosis was monitored through active caspase-3. Expectedly, the DAT density, TH immunoreactive neurons and DA content in the MPTP group were respectively reduced to 51%, 40% and 26% versus control animals. Unlike valproate and topiramate, lamotrigine provided a significant neuroprotection against MPTP in maintaining these levels at 99%, 74% and 58% respectively and reducing the induced apoptosis. Altogether, the data indicate that lamotrigine limits dopaminergic neuronal death in the substantia nigra and promotes striatal dendrites sprouting. Lamotrigine, a widely used and well-tolerated molecule in young patients, could represent a valuable adjuvant therapy in various energy deficiency conditions during childhood.
Collapse
|
31
|
Praline J, Barthez MA, Castelnau P, Debiais S, Lucas B, Billard C, Piller AG, de Becque B, de Toffol B, Autret A, Hommet C. Atypical language impairment in two siblings: Relationship with electrical status epilepticus during slow wave sleep. J Neurol Sci 2006; 249:166-71. [PMID: 16859712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2006.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a young girl who presented severe learning disabilities in oral and written language related to a continuous spike-waves during slow sleep (CSWS) syndrome. A sleep EEG recording obtained in her younger brother, who presented a clinical pattern suggesting developmental dysphasia, also showed a CSWS syndrome. These two clinical cases underscore the need to look for this syndrome in the siblings of an affected child when learning difficulties appear in a child who previously had normal psychomotor development.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bonnemaison E, Roze-Abert B, Lorette G, Sirinelli D, Boscq M, Mazjoub S, De Courtivron B, Bonnard C, Despert F, Toutain A, Maheut-Lourmière J, Barthez MA, Castelnau P. Complications de la neurofibromatose de type 1 chez l'enfant : à propos d'une série de 100 cas. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13:1009-14. [PMID: 16716577 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2006.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a frequent genetic disease. Diagnostic criterias were established in 1988. The patients can exhibit various and unpredictable complications. OBJECTIVES To check the efficiency of a coordinated follow-up in specialized multidisciplinary centers providing a higher quality of management and to have a better knowledge of the complications including their true frequencies. POPULATION AND METHODS We report a serie of 100 NF1 children who were followed-up during 4 years in a specialized center at the Tours University Hospital. Three hospital check-up at 2-5, 6-7, 14-15 years of age were performed as well as an annual physical examination. RESULTS In our serie, the mean age was 7.8 years old with a sex ratio of 1. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.8 years old and the main diagnosis criteria were the café-au-lait spots and the family history for 80% of the patients. The optic nerve glioma has a low frequency of 5%. Learning disabilities clearly represent the most frequent complication (46% of the patients). CONCLUSION An early detection of these difficulties is a priority for the appropriate management of these children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Bonnemaison
- Service de neurologie et neurochirurgie pédiatrique, centre de pédiatrie Gatien-de-Clocheville, CHRU de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours cedex 01, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Favreau A, Deseille-Turlotte G, Brault F, Giraudeau B, Krier C, Barthez MA, Castelnau P. [Benefit of the extended-release methylphenidate formulations: a comparative study in childhood]. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13:442-8. [PMID: 16597499 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2006.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Methylphenidate (MPH) is a potential therapeutic tool for Attention Deficit with Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD). In addition to the immediate-release formulation, Ritalin, two extended-release formulations, Ritalin LA and Concerta are available and allow a once-daily administration. We compared the respective benefits of both formulations for the patients and their family in terms of efficacy, handling and tolerance. PATIENTS AND METHODS This prospective study was based on 30 children aged 6 to 15 years. All patients had a confirmed ADHD and were efficiently treated with Ritalin. The children were consecutively treated with Ritalin LA and Concerta, with a comparable MPH daily dosage, during 2 months for each molecule. The 3 drugs were evaluated individually and comparatively through a battery of questionnaires submitted to the parents and the teachers of each child. RESULTS Extended-release MPH efficacy was comparable to the immediate-release formulation, Ritalin. For both of them, the once-daily administration appeared beneficial. Concerta was finally prescribed in 18 children, Ritalin LA in 8 cases and Ritalin in 4 cases. In each case the medical choice was consistent with the parents preference. Concerta was appreciated for its persisting efficacy in late afternoon during homework. Concerta and Ritalin LA did not induce significant adverse effects, especially regarding alimentation and sleep. CONCLUSIONS MPH therapy in ADHD carries an excellent risk/benefit ratio without addictive induced behaviours. The extended-release MPH formulations provide an improvement for the patients in keeping with Ritalin efficacy through a once-daily administration. Regardless of its formulation, MPH indications and guidelines must be respected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Favreau
- Service de Neurologie et Neurochirurgie Pédiatrique, Centre de Pédiatrie Gatien-de-Clocheville, Université François Rabelais de Tours, CHRU de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours cedex 01, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Ischemic strokes represent a rare condition in childhood, mostly revealed by a motor deficit. In the pediatric age, strokes are different than in adulthood where atherosclerosis is the major cause. The etiologies of stroke in childhood are rather multiple and each of them is rare. In nearly half of the pediatric cases no cause can be found and usually no recurrence occurs. The aim of this presentation is to propose a diagnosis strategy for ischemic strokes in children. An extensive search should be performed in every children presenting a stroke episode even if the initial outcome appears favorable. Such investigations could improve our understanding and therapeutic strategies of stroke in childhood, a condition where the cognitive and functional prognosis can be severely compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Castelnau
- Unité de neuropédiatrie, centre de pédiatrie Gatien-de-Clocheville, CHU de Tours, 49, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours cedex 01, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Castelnau P, Favreau A, Krier C, Barthez MA. Stratégie diagnostique dans les accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques de l'enfant. Arch Pediatr 2005; 12:1433-40. [PMID: 15993043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2005.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes represent a rare condition in childhood, mostly revealed by a motor deficit. In the pediatric age, strokes are different than in adulthood where atherosclerosis is the major cause. The etiologies of stroke in childhood are rather multiple and each of them is rare. In nearly half of the pediatric cases no cause can be found and usually no recurrence occurs. The aim of this presentation is to propose a diagnosis strategy for ischemic strokes in children. An extensive search should be performed in every children presenting a stroke episode even if the initial outcome appears favorable. Such investigations could improve our understanding and therapeutic strategies of stroke in childhood, a condition where the cognitive and functional prognosis can be severely compromised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Castelnau
- Unité de neuropédiatrie, centre de pédiatrie Gatien-de-Clocheville, CHU de Tours, boulevard Béranger, 37044 Tours cedex 01, France.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Castelnau P, Cif L, Valente EM, Vayssiere N, Hemm S, Gannau A, Digiorgio A, Coubes P. Pallidal stimulation improves pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2005; 57:738-41. [PMID: 15852393 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) causes a progressive generalized dystonia which remains pharmacologically intractable. We performed bilateral internal globus pallidus stimulation in six patients with genetically confirmed PKAN who obtained a major and long-lasting improvement of their painful spasms, dystonia, and functional autonomy. This study shows the benefits of pallidal DBS for the dystonia of PKAN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Castelnau
- Pediatric Neurology and Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Médicale UB19 Hôpital Gatien de Clocheville, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Tours, France 619
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Arzimanoglou A, Hirsch E, Nehlig A, Castelnau P, Gressens P, Pereira de Vasconcelos A. Epilepsy and neuroprotection: an illustrated review. Epileptic Disord 2002; 4:173-82. [PMID: 12446219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple types of insults, such as status epilepticus, hypoxia and trauma, may alter the central nervous system. Strategies to protect the brain against insults remain a very difficult and challenging problem. Damage to the central nervous system can be modulated via excessive excitatory and reduced inhibitory neurotransmission. In addition, increased sodium and calcium loading through impaired voltage-sensitive channels, as well as alterations in the acid-base balance can contribute to both excitotoxic and apoptotic cell death. Epilepsy treatment has always been related to neuroprotection, since it aims to reduce the duration or totally suppress seizures. Although the debate on the capacity of simple seizures to induce neuronal injury is still ongoing, no doubt persists on the disastrous effects of prolonged episodes of status. The next step would be to prevent epilepsy. Several animal models have been used to study the various aspects of the epileptogenic process. In humans, one of the most compelling examples of a series of epileptogenic events is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Temporal lobe epilepsy is often attributed to prolonged febrile convulsions in childhood resulting in mesial temporal sclerosis. However, the relationship between TLE, seizures in childhood and hippocampal sclerosis may not be apparent as initially believed. Furthermore, it is well recognized that in a number of patients there is a delay from a specific insult to the onset of seizures. This "latent period" could be an opportunity for effective intervention, provided that the underlying mechanisms are understood and that appropriate means for a beneficial modification of the disease process become available. The present review discusses the various steps of temporal lobe epilepsy and provides illustrations of the various mechanisms implicated in neuronal death. Data from animal models is also presented and illustrated with video sequences. Finally, on the basis of what is known on mechanisms of action of available antiepileptic drugs, some suggestions are put forward. Basic science and research are guided by clinical queries and from ongoing dialogue. The present illustrated review deals with only a small part of the important amount of work related to epilepsy and neuroprotection. As such it is necessarily schematic or even simplistic. The review is designed to inform clinicians about the basic issues related to the subject, thus allowing them to follow the ongoing debate and participate with pertinent questions. (Published with video sequences).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Arzimanoglou
- Epilepsy Unit, Child Neurology and Metabolic Diseases Departmentand INSERM E9935, University Hospital Robert-Debré, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cantagrel S, Maury L, Yamamoto AM, Maheut J, Toutain A, Castelnau P. Akinesia, arthrogryposis, craniosynostosis: a presentation of neonatal myasthenia with fetal onset. Am J Perinatol 2002; 19:297-301. [PMID: 12357420 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Major akinesia with arthrogryposis and craniosynostosis at birth mimics irreversible disorders of the nervous system of pejorative outcome. In this context, the early detection of anti-acetylcholine fetal receptor antibodies in the mother may allow rapid diagnosis of transient neonatal myasthenia of favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Cantagrel
- Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Clocheville Children's Hospital, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome is a group of rare and severe disorders marked by extrapyramidal symptoms and iron accumulation in the globi pallidi, usually visible by magnetic resonance imaging. To assist in determining the functional correlates of these structural abnormalities, positron emission tomography was used to measure regional cerebral blood flows and dopaminergic function in a patient with Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome that manifested as progressive generalized dystonia, optic atrophy, and bilateral pallidal "eye of the tiger" sign. Voxel-by-voxel analysis of positron emission tomography images revealed no pallidal abnormalities but demonstrated significant hypoperfusion of the head of the right caudate nucleus, pons, and cerebellar vermis. Dopaminergic function of the basal ganglia, which was assessed based on visual- analysis of fixation of 18F-labeled fluoro-levodopa, was normal. These data suggest that Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome pathogenesis is not confined to the globi pallidi, and these data also may help to generate new pathogenic hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Castelnau
- Pediatric Neurology Service, Robert Debre Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sfaello I, Castelnau P, Blanc N, Ogier H, Evrard P, Arzimanoglou A. Infantile spasms and Menkes disease. Epileptic Disord 2000; 2:227-30. [PMID: 11174154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are a common feature in Menkes disease, an X-linked genetic disorder of copper metabolism. Details of type of seizures are rarely reported. We report the evolution of infantile spasms in two patients with Menkes disease and the relation with subcutaneous administration of copper-histidine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Sfaello
- Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique et des Maladies Métaboliques, Hôpital Robert-Debré, 48, boulevard Sérurier, 75019 Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Castelnau P, Le Merrer M, Diatloff-Zito C, Marquis E, Tête MJ, Robert JJ. Wolcott-Rallison syndrome: a case with endocrine and exocrine pancreatic deficiency and pancreatic hypotrophy. Eur J Pediatr 2000; 159:631-3. [PMID: 10968248 DOI: 10.1007/pl00008394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical analysis and genetic investigations of new cases of Wolcott-Rallison syndrome are needed to evaluate the role of the gene(s) directly or indirectly implicated in pancreas development and in the aetiology of the syndrome.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ogier de Baulny H, Husson I, Castelnau P, Saudubray JM. [Diagnosis of states of ketosis in pediatrics]. Arch Pediatr 2000; 6 Suppl 2:500s-501s. [PMID: 10370586 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-693x(99)80518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Ogier de Baulny
- Service de neuropédiatrie et maladies métaboliques, Hôpital Robert-Debré, Paris, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Saudubray JM, de Lonlay P, Touati G, Martin D, Nassogne MC, Castelnau P, Sevin C, Laborde C, Baussan C, Brivet M, Vassault A, Rabier D, Bonnefont JP, Kamoun P. Genetic hypoglycaemia in infancy and childhood: pathophysiology and diagnosis. J Inherit Metab Dis 2000; 23:197-214. [PMID: 10863937 DOI: 10.1023/a:1005675827612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Saudubray
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
de Lonlay P, Cuer M, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Beaune G, Castelnau P, Kretz M, Durand G, Saudubray JM, Seta N. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia as a presenting sign in phosphomannose isomerase deficiency: A new manifestation of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome treatable with mannose. J Pediatr 1999; 135:379-83. [PMID: 10484808 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(99)70139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a patient with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ib who developed normally until 3 months of age, when she was referred to the hospital for evaluation of hypoglycemia that was found to be related to hyperinsulinism. She also had vomiting episodes, hepatomegaly, and intractable diarrhea, which evoked the diagnosis of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome. Oral mannose treatment at a dose of 0.17 g/kg body weight 6 times/d was followed by a clinical improvement and normalization of blood glucose, aminotransferases, and coagulation factor levels. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia should be considered as a leading sign of carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ib, especially when it is associated with enteropathy and abnormal liver tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P de Lonlay
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gendrot C, Ronce N, Raynaud M, Ayrault AD, Dourlens J, Castelnau P, Muh JP, Chelly J, Moraine C. X-linked nonspecific mental retardation (MRX16) mapping to distal Xq28: Linkage study and neuropsychological data in a large family. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19990423)83:5<411::aid-ajmg14>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Gendrot C, Ronce N, Raynaud M, Ayrault AD, Dourlens J, Castelnau P, Muh JP, Chelly J, Moraine C. X-linked nonspecific mental retardation (MRX16) mapping to distal Xq28: linkage study and neuropsychological data in a large family. Am J Med Genet 1999; 83:411-8. [PMID: 10232754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
A genetic linkage study was performed on a large four-generation family with variable nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MRX16), speech abnormalities, and retardation of all milestones. Significant linkage was found in the Xq28 region with loci DXS52, DXS15, BGN, and DXS1108 with maximum LOD scores of 4.86, 4.01, 4.83, and 5.43, respectively, at theta = 0.00. Recombination was observed at the locus DXS1113, thus mapping the gene in an 8-Mb interval between this marker and the Xq telomere. Linkage intervals of three other MRX families overlap with this interval in Xq28 where the RABGDIA gene, mutated in the MRX41 and MRX48 families, is also located. In MRX3, MRX28, but also in MRX16, no alteration of RABGDIA has been found, thus suggesting the existence of at least two MRX genes in distal Xq28.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gendrot
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire and INSERM U316, CHU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Saudubray JM, Nuoffer JM, de Lonlay P, Castelnau P, Touati G. [Hereditary metabolic diseases in adults]. Rev Med Interne 1999; 19 Suppl 3:366S-375S. [PMID: 9885858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Saudubray
- Groupe hospitalier Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Castelnau P, Lazarini F, Deslys JP, Dormont D. Prion protein gene expression in cultured astrocytes treated by recombinant growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor. Exp Neurol 1994; 130:407-10. [PMID: 7867769 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1994.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease recently occurred after long treatments with pituitary extracted human growth hormone (GH). Prion protein (PrP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte-specific marker, both accumulate in the central nervous systems of infected individuals during transmissible subacute spongiform encephalopathies (TSSE). PrP expression has been linked to susceptibility to and development of these diseases. We have investigated the effects of recombinant growth hormone, its main biological effector, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and two well known mitogens, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), on PrP and GFAP mRNA levels in primary cultures of murine astrocytes using Northern blot quantitation. After 48 h of exposure to these soluble factors, PrP mRNA levels remained unchanged relative to controls in all growth factor-treated cultures, whereas GFAP mRNA concentrations decreased markedly in EGF- and bFGF-treated cultures. These results suggest that GH and IGF-1 do not modulate PrP gene expression in astrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Castelnau
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie expérimentale et Neurovirologie, CRSSA, DSV/DPTE, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Roses, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lazarini F, Castelnau P, Chermann JF, Deslys JP, Dormont D. Modulation of prion protein gene expression by growth factors in cultured mouse astrocytes and PC-12 cells. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 1994; 22:268-74. [PMID: 7912403 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(94)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was performed on primary cultures of mouse astrocytes and cultures of rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 in order to investigate the regulation of the prion protein (PrP) gene expression in relation to proliferation and differentiation. Treatment of PC-12 cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) and beta-nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in induction of neuronal differentiation. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a 4-fold increase of PrP mRNA in relation to cellular differentiation, after 7 days of treatment with either of the two factors. In astrocytes, PrP and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mRNA levels were found to be regulated in a similar manner during development in vitro. A 3-fold increase of their mRNAs was observed from 5 to 14 days of culture (proliferation period). Then, their gene expressions showed a slight decrease from 14 to 28 days (maturation period). Treatment of astrocytes with IL-6, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) appeared to markedly down-regulate the expression of GFAP mRNAs, which might reflect cell maturation. In contrast, they had no significant effect on the expression of PrP gene. These results suggest that the PrP gene expression is differently regulated in neural cells. In neuronal cells, it is mainly associated with differentiation. On the other hand, in astrocytes, the PrP mRNA level seems to be not only related to the proliferation and differentiation stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lazarini
- Laboratoire de Neuropathologie Expérimentale et Neurovirologie, CRSSA, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, DPTE/DSV, Fontenay-aux Roses, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Jaffiol C, Baldet L, Castelnau P, Papachristou C, Lapinski H, Rouaud R. Are pituitary and thyroid function tests useful for the monitoring of antithyroid drug treatment and the post therapeutic control of Graves' disease? Horm Res 1987; 26:137-45. [PMID: 2439427 DOI: 10.1159/000180693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The control of Graves' disease patients treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD) involves monitoring the dose of ATD, the duration of therapy and the prediction of the long-term outcome of the disease. The sequential follow-up of free thyroid hormones and ultrasensitive TSH (USTSH) helps in monitoring of ATD therapy, except in patients complemented with thyroid hormones. The normalization of early thyroid uptake of radioiodine or pertechnetate, which seems to be closely related to circulating thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, confirms the remission that leads to stopping ATD therapy. The raise of plasma USTSH in a normal range within the six months following ATD withdrawal is another indicator of remission. However, the post therapeutic course of Graves' patients remains unpredictable: late relapses and hypothyroidism may occur despite the normalization of the pituitary-thyroid axis, leading to a yearly clinical control with USTSH evaluation.
Collapse
|