51
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Poapolathep A, Jongkolpath O, Giorgi M, Klangkaew N, Phaochoosak N, Chomcheun T, Archawakulathep A, Poapolathep S. Disposition kinetics of meloxicam in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) after intravenous and intramuscular administrations. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:54-59. [PMID: 37715547 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics were described of meloxicam (MLX) in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas), following a single intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administrations at one of two dosages of 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The sample of 20 green sea turtles was divided into four groups (n = 5) using a randomization procedure according to a parallel study design. Blood samples were collected at pre-assigned times up to 168 h. MLX in the plasma was cleaned-up and quantified using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection. The concentration of MLX in the experimental green sea turtles with respect to time was pharmacokinetically analyzed using a non-compartment model. MLX plasma concentrations were quantifiable for up to 72 and 120 h after i.v. at dosages of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg b.w., respectively, whereas it was measurable for up to 168 h after i.m. administration at both dosages. The long elimination half-life value of MLX (28 h) obtained in green sea turtles after i.v. administration was consistent with the quite slow clearance rate for both dosages. The average maximum concentration (Cmax ) values of MLX were 1.05 μg/mL and 4.26 μg/mL at dosages of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg b.w., respectively, with their elimination half-life values being 37.26 h and 30.64 h, respectively, after i.m. administrations. The absolute i.m. bioavailability was approximately 110%. These results suggested that i.m. administration of MLX at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg b.w. was likely to be effective for clinical use in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas). However, further studies are needed to determine the pharmacodynamic properties and clinical efficacy of MLX for the treatment of inflammatory disease after single and multiple dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranee Jongkolpath
- Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Narumol Klangkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napasorn Phaochoosak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphan Chomcheun
- Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Amornthep Archawakulathep
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Morón-Elorza P, Rojo-Solís C, Álvaro-Álvarez T, Valls-Torres M, García-Párraga D, Encinas T. Pharmacokinetics of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam after administration of multiple doses to nursehound sharks (Scyliorhinus stellaris). Vet Anaesth Analg 2024; 51:71-79. [PMID: 38065822 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in the nursehound shark (Scyliorhinus stellaris) during multiple dose administration. STUDY DESIGN Prospective experimental trial. ANIMALS A total of eight clinically healthy adult nursehounds (four males, four females). METHODS Meloxicam was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1.5 mg kg-1 once daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vein for pharmacokinetic analysis at 2.5 hours and 24 hours after drug administration. After a 4 week washout period, meloxicam was administered orally at the same dose at 12 hour intervals for three repeated doses. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after the first administration. Sharks were visually monitored during each study and 4 weeks afterwards for side effects or signs of toxicity. Time required to achieve steady state was assessed by visual inspection and statistical comparison of peak and trough concentrations using a Friedman test; comparison between sexes was performed using a Mann-Whitney U test and p-value was set at 0.05. RESULTS No animal died or showed clinical signs of toxicity during the study. Meloxicam administered orally did not produce detectable concentrations in plasma. After intramuscular administration, steady state was achieved after five doses, and mean trough and peak plasma concentrations at steady state were 1.76 ± 0.21 μg mL-1 and 3.02 ± 0.23 μg mL-1, respectively. Mean peak concentration accumulation ratio was 2.50 ± 0.22. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that intramuscular posology produces plasma concentrations considered therapeutic for other species. However, meloxicam was not detected in plasma after oral administration. These results suggest that meloxicam administered intramuscularly may be a useful non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug in nursehound sharks. Further pharmacodynamic studies are needed to fully evaluate its clinical use in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Morón-Elorza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Carlos Rojo-Solís
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Álvaro-Álvarez
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Valls-Torres
- Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Fundación Oceanogràfic de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain; Veterinary Services, Oceanogràfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Encinas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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53
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Phuah JY, Maas BM, Tang A, Zhang Y, Caro L, Railkar RA, Swanson MD, Cao Y, Li H, Roadcap B, Catchpole AP, Aliprantis AO, Vora KA. Quantification of clesrovimab, an investigational, half-life extended, anti-respiratory syncytial virus protein F human monoclonal antibody in the nasal epithelial lining fluid of healthy adults. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115851. [PMID: 37976891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clesrovimab (MK-1654) is an investigational, half-life extended human monoclonal antibody (mAb) against RSV F glycoprotein in clinical trials as a prophylactic agent against RSV infection for infants. METHODS This adult study measured clesrovimab concentrations in the serum and nasal epithelial lining fluid (ELF) to establish the partitioning of the antibody after dosing. Clesrovimab concentrations in the nasal ELF were normalized for sampling dilution using urea concentrations from ELF and serum. Furthermore, in vitro RSV neutralization of human nasal ELF following dosing was also measured to examine the activity of clesrovimab in the nasal compartment. FINDINGS mAbs with YTE mutations are reported in literature to partition ∼1-2 % of serum antibodies into nasal mucosa. Nasal: serum ratios of 1:69-1:30 were observed for clesrovimab in two separate adult human trials after urea normalization, translating to 1.4-3.3 % of serum concentrations. The nasal PK and estimates of peripheral volume of distribution correlated with higher extravascular distribution of clesrovimab. These higher concentration of the antibody in the nasal ELF corroborated with the nasal sample's ability to neutralize RSV ex vivo. An overall trend of decreased viral plaque AUC was also noted with increasing availability of clesrovimab in the nasal ELF from a human RSV challenge study. INTERPRETATION Along with its extended half-life, the higher penetration of clesrovimab into the nasal epithelial lining fluid and the associated local increase in RSV neutralization activity could offer infants better protection against RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yu Cao
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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Munishamappa NA, Munirathnam R, Manjunatha HCS, Sowmya N, Sridhar KN, Seenappa L. Heavy particle radioactivity of superheavy nuclei. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2520-2530. [PMID: 38126862 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigated different decay modes such as heavy particle radioactivity (HPR), spontaneous fission (SF), alpha decay and beta-decay in superheavy (SH) region 104 ≤ Z ≤ 126. In HPR, different emissions from Zmin = 28 to maximum heavy particle (HP) emission up to Zmax = Z - 82 were considered. In the evaluation of Q-values, mass excess Weizsäcker-Skyrme 4+radial basis function (WS4+RBF) values were taken into account. The half-lives of cluster decay determined using modified generalised liquid drop model (MGLDM) and Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM) were in close agreement with the experimental results. The MGLDM produce less deviation compared with CPPM. The role of asymmetry effect, relative neutron excess, pairing effect and Coulomb effect on half-lives were studied. A band of neutron numbers from 193 to 200 shows extra stability against HPR. The HPR of 86Kr, 94Zr, 91Y and 96Mo is observed in the superheavy elements Z = 118, 122-124 and 126. The dominant decay mode identified is compared with SF, alpha and beta± decay, the majority of decay chains end with the lead nuclei, which is also evident in supernova and galaxy spectrum. This study could be useful in nuclear astrophysics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajachari Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur 613005, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Nagarajan Sowmya
- Department of Physics, Government College for women, Kolar 563101, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Lakshmaiah Seenappa
- Department of Physics, Government College for women, Kolar 563101, Karnataka, India
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Cini JK, Dexter S, Rezac DJ, McAndrew SJ, Hedou G, Brody R, Eraslan RN, Kenney RT, Mohan P. SON-1210 - a novel bifunctional IL-12 / IL-15 fusion protein that improves cytokine half-life, targets tumors, and enhances therapeutic efficacy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1326927. [PMID: 38250068 PMCID: PMC10798159 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1326927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The potential synergy between interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-15 holds promise for more effective solid tumor immunotherapy. Nevertheless, previous clinical trials involving therapeutic cytokines have encountered obstacles such as short pharmacokinetics, limited tumor microenvironment (TME) targeting, and substantial systemic toxicity. Methods To address these challenges, we fused single-chain human IL-12 and native human IL-15 in cis onto a fully human albumin binding (FHAB) domain single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). This novel fusion protein, IL12-FHAB-IL15 (SON-1210), is anticipated to amplify the therapeutic impact of interleukins and combination immunotherapies in human TME. The molecule was studied in vitro and in animal models to assess its pharmacokinetics, potency, functional characteristics, safety, immune response, and efficacy. Results SON-1210 demonstrated robust binding affinity to albumin and exhibited the anticipated in vitro activity and tumor model efficacy that might be expected based on decades of research on native IL-12 and IL-15. Notably, in the B16F10 melanoma model (a non-immunogenic, relatively "cold" tumor), the murine counterpart of the construct, which had mouse (m) and human (h) cytokine sequences for the respective payloads (mIL12-FHAB-hIL15), outperformed equimolar doses of the co-administered native cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. A single dose caused a marked reduction in tumor growth that was concomitant with increased IFNγ levels; increased Th1, CTL, and activated NK cells; a shift in macrophages from the M2 to M1 phenotype; and a reduction in Treg cells. In addition, a repeat-dose non-human primate (NHP) toxicology study displayed excellent tolerability up to 62.5 µg/kg of SON-1210 administered three times, which was accompanied by the anticipated increases in IFNγ levels. Toxicokinetic analyses showed sustained serum levels of SON-1210, using a sandwich ELISA with anti-IL-15 for capture and biotinylated anti-IL-12 for detection, along with sustained IFNγ levels, indicating prolonged kinetics and biological activity. Conclusion Collectively, these findings support the suitability of SON-1210 for patient trials in terms of activity, efficacy, and safety, offering a promising opportunity for solid tumor immunotherapy. Linking cytokine payloads to a fully human albumin binding domain provides an indirect opportunity to target the TME using potent cytokines in cis that can redirect the immune response and control tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Cini
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Susan Dexter
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
| | | | | | - Gael Hedou
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, CH S.A., Geneva, GE, Switzerland
| | - Rich Brody
- InfinixBio, Inc., Athens, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Pankaj Mohan
- Sonnet BioTherapeutics, Inc., Princeton, NJ, United States
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Sharma A, Katna S, Dubey JK, Sharma S, Istatu PS, Devi N, Brar GS, Kumar A, Singh S, Prashad H. Residue behaviour and health risk assessment of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb in apple fruits and soil. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:58. [PMID: 38110624 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Mancozeb residue estimation was done using second derivative ultraviolet spectroscopy by Shimadzu ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and chlorpyrifos was estimated by QuEChERS technique using GC-FPD. The persistence for chlorpyrifos was carried out at two locations, and for mancozeb, persistence studies were carried out at four locations. Initial deposits of mancozeb on apple fruits ranged from 1.33 to 1.63 mg/kg at the recommended dose and from 2.55 to 3.26 mg/kg at double the recommended dose at all four locations. Chlorpyrifos residues in apple fruits had an initial deposit of 0.94-0.99 mg/kg at recommended dose and 1.75-1.92 mg/kg at double the recommended dose. Mancozeb residues in apple fruit were below the detection limit (BDL) after 20 days at recommended dose and after 25 days at double the recommended dose at two locations, while mancozeb residue at the other two locations and the residues of chlorpyrifos at all locations reached BDL after 15 and 20 days at recommended and double the recommended doses, respectively. Half-life of mancozeb varied from 3.07 to 4.02 days at recommended dose and from 3.30 to 4.32 days at double the recommended dose, whereas chlorpyrifos residues dissipated to half their initial concentration on 2.33-2.35 days at recommended dose and 2.89-2.90 days at double the recommended dose. The soil samples showed no presence of residues of chlorpyrifos and mancozeb at harvest. The risk assessment revealed that hazard quotient for the intake of mancozeb was in the range of 0.06-0.13% and 0.20-0.44% for rural and urban population, while for the intake of chlorpyrifos, hazard quotient was in the range of 0.10-0.12% for rural population and 0.33-0.38% for urban population, and theoretical maximum dietary intake (9.67 × 10-5 mg/person and 3.18 × 10-4 mg/person for rural population and urban population in case of mancozeb and 3.22 × 10-5 mg/person and 1.06 × 10-4 mg/person for rural population and urban population in case of chlorpyrifos) was also found to be less than maximum permissible intake (1.38 mg/kg for mancozeb and 0.60 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos). The results of risk assessment thereby indicated that apple consumption does not pose a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sapna Katna
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Jatiender Kumar Dubey
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sakshi Sharma
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Pankaj Sharma Istatu
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gaganpreet Singh Brar
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shubhra Singh
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hema Prashad
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Gomez-Soler M, Olson EJ, de la Torre ER, Zhao C, Lamberto I, Flood DT, Danho W, Lechtenberg BC, Riedl SJ, Dawson PE, Pasquale EB. Lipidation and PEGylation Strategies to Prolong the in Vivo Half-Life of a Nanomolar EphA4 Receptor Antagonist. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115876. [PMID: 38523699 PMCID: PMC10959496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a role in neurodegenerative diseases, inhibition of nerve regeneration, cancer progression and other diseases. Therefore, EphA4 inhibition has potential therapeutic value. Selective EphA4 kinase inhibitors are not available, but we identified peptide antagonists that inhibit ephrin ligand binding to EphA4 with high specificity. One of these peptides is the cyclic APY-d3 (βAPYCVYRβASWSC-NH2), which inhibits ephrin-A5 ligand binding to EphA4 with low nanomolar binding affinity and is highly protease resistant. Here we describe modifications of APY-d3 that yield two different key derivatives with greatly increased half-lives in the mouse circulation, the lipidated APY-d3-laur8 and the PEGylated APY-d3-PEG4. These two derivatives inhibit ligand induced EphA4 activation in cells with sub-micromolar potency. Since they retain high potency and specificity for EphA4, lipidated and PEGylated APY-d3 derivatives represent new tools for discriminating EphA4 activities in vivo and for preclinical testing of EphA4 inhibition in animal disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Gomez-Soler
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Erika J. Olson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elena Rubio de la Torre
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chunxia Zhao
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ilaria Lamberto
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dillon T. Flood
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Waleed Danho
- Del Mar, California 92014, United States
- Deceased
| | - Bernhard C. Lechtenberg
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Stefan J. Riedl
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Philip E. Dawson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Kim JH, Cho HW, Park EY, Han KH, Kim ET, Lee JK, Park SY, Armbrust R, Fotopoulou C, Lim MC. Prognostic value of CA125 kinetics, half-life, and nadir in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1913-1920. [PMID: 37949486 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prognostic value of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) related variables on progression free survival and overall survival in primary and recurrent ovarian cancers. METHOD A comprehensive review of the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant literature on survival outcomes according to the ELIMination Rate Constant K (KELIM), Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG) CA125 response criteria, CA125 half-life, and CA125 nadir levels during first line or later line chemotherapy. The search included articles published before February 2023. Cut-off values determining the favorable/unfavorable score of each study were extracted, and pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using a random effects model to identify the relationship between survival outcomes of the favorable/unfavorable groups, which was determined by an individual model using CA125 kinetics. RESULTS A total of 27 studies with 14 444 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were included in this meta-analysis. In primary ovarian cancer, a favorable KELIM score, determined by individual modeled cut-off values, was associated with a significant progression free survival (HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.62) and overall survival (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.62) benefit in the primary setting. The favorable KELIM scored group also correlated with a better progression free survival (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.62) in relapsed disease. We failed to demonstrate a better prognostic value of the GCIG response criteria and the CA125 half-life for progression free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Novel chemotherapy response scores, such as KELIM, may be more clinically relevant than other prognostic models using CA125 kinetics, being directly associated with a more favorable survival in both the primary and relapsed setting in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. STUDY REGISTRATION The systemic review and meta-analysis were registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023385512).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun-Woong Cho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun Young Park
- Biostatistics Collaboration Team, Research Core Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Kyung-Hee Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Eun Taeg Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jae-Kwan Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Guro Hospital, Korea University, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Sang-Yoon Park
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Robert Armbrust
- Department of Gynecology, Charite University Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Myong Cheol Lim
- Center for Gynecologic Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea (the Republic of)
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Yu J, Hou J, Xu Z, Yu R, Zhang C, Chen L, Zhao X. Dissipation behavior and dietary risk assessment of cyclaniliprole and its metabolite in cabbage under field conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:125907-125914. [PMID: 38008836 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclaniliprole, a novel diamide insecticide, can successfully control Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) in cabbage. Understanding the residual level of cyclaniliprole in crops and the risk related to its dietary intake is imperative for safe application. Here, we established a simplified, sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of cyclaniliprole and its metabolite NK-1375 (3-bromo-2-((2-bromo-4H-pyrazolo[1,5-d]pyrido[3,2-b]-[1,4]oxazin-4-ylidene)amino)-5-chloro-N-(1-cyclopropylethyl)benzamide) in cabbage by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate their dissipation behavior and residual characteristics. Cyclaniliprole showed rapid dissipation in cabbage and had a half-life of 1.8-2.7 days. The highest residue of total cyclaniliprole (sum of cyclaniliprole and NK-1375) in cabbage from different pre-harvest intervals (3 and 5 days) was 0.25 mg/kg. Our results confirmed the generally low dietary risk quotient of cyclaniliprole (0.243-1.036%) among different age and gender groups in China. Therefore, cyclaniliprole did not pose an unacceptable risk to consumers. This study contributes to setting cyclaniliprole maximum residue limit in cabbage by assessing its dissipation fate and food safety risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Jiayin Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zhenlan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Ruixian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Changpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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García-Blay Ó, Verhagen PGA, Martin B, Hansen MMK. Exploring the role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes in mRNA co-expression. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300130. [PMID: 37926676 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Co-expression of two or more genes at the single-cell level is usually associated with functional co-regulation. While mRNA co-expression-measured as the correlation in mRNA levels-can be influenced by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional events, transcriptional regulation is typically considered dominant. We review and connect the literature describing transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of co-expression. To enhance our understanding, we integrate four datasets spanning single-cell gene expression data, single-cell promoter activity data and individual transcript half-lives. Confirming expectations, we find that positive co-expression necessitates promoter coordination and similar mRNA half-lives. Surprisingly, negative co-expression is favored by differences in mRNA half-lives, contrary to initial predictions from stochastic simulations. Notably, this association manifests specifically within clusters of genes. We further observe a striking compensation between promoter coordination and mRNA half-lives, which additional stochastic simulations suggest might give rise to the observed co-expression patterns. These findings raise intriguing questions about the functional advantages conferred by this compensation between distal kinetic steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar García-Blay
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter G A Verhagen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Martin
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maike M K Hansen
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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van der Heijden LT, Steeghs N, Beijnen JH, Huitema ADR, Dorlo TPC. The use of microtracers in food-effect trials: An alternative study design for toxic drugs with long half-lives exemplified by the case for alectinib. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:2557-2564. [PMID: 37828717 PMCID: PMC10719472 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional design of food-effect studies has a high patient burden for toxic drugs with long half-lives (e.g., anticancer agents). Microtracers could be used to assess food-effect in patients without influencing their ongoing treatment. The feasibility of a microtracer food-effect study during steady-state of the therapeutic drug was investigated in an in silico simulation study with alectinib as an example for a relative toxic drug with a long half-life. Microtracer pharmacokinetics were simulated based on a previously published population pharmacokinetic model and used for estimation of a model with and a model without food as a covariate on oral bioavailability of alectinib (assuming a 40% food-effect). Power was defined as the fraction of clinical trials where a significant (p < 0.01) food-effect was identified. The proposed study design of 10 patients on steady-state treatment, 10 blood samples collected within 24 h after administration and an assumed food-effect of 40% had a power of 99.9%. The mean estimated food-effect was 39.8% (80% confidence interval: 31.0%-48.6%). The feasibility of microtracer food-effect studies was demonstrated. The design of the microtracer food-effect study allowed estimation of the food-effect with minimal influence on therapeutic treatment and reducing patient burden compared to the traditional study design for toxic drugs with long half-lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. T. van der Heijden
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - N. Steeghs
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - J. H. Beijnen
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of Pharmaco‐epidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - A. D. R. Huitema
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacologyPrincess Maxima CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - T. P. C. Dorlo
- Department of Pharmacy & PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Division of PharmacologyAntoni van Leeuwenhoek/The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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62
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Bissinger DW, Wittenburg LA, Garzel LM, Stockinger DE, Timmel GB. Pharmacokinetics of a Single Transdermal Dose of Mirtazapine in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2023; 73:432-438. [PMID: 38217071 PMCID: PMC10752366 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-23-000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Decreased appetite is a common clinical problem in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Mirtazapine, a tetracyclic antidepressant originally developed for humans, has shown promise as a safe and effective promoter of weight gain and appetite in several veterinary species including rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. Although mirtazapine is available as oral formulations, transdermal delivery in macaques with reduced appetite would allow quick, painless, topical application. Here we describe the pharmacokinetics of a single application of a widely available veterinary transdermal mirtazapine formulation in 6 rhesus macaques. A dose of 0.5 mg/kg of transdermal mirtazapine ointment that has proven to be effective in rhesus was applied to the caudal pinnae of 3 female and 3 male young adult macaques. Serum was collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after administration. Our data indicate transdermal mirtazapine is absorbed at a lower level in rhesus as compared with published values in domestic cats (rhesus peak serum concentration: 1.2 ± 0.3 ng/mL), while drug half-life is longer than that reported in cats (rhesus: 33 ± 7 h). Mirtazapine reaches peak plasma concentrations in rhesus at 16 ± 10 h after administration; our model indicates that up to 5 d of serial dosing may be necessary to reach steady state. Our preliminary data also suggest that sex differences may contribute to efficacy and/or indicate sex-based differences, as male macaques reached Tmax more quickly than females (19 ± 2 h in females and 8 ± 3 h in males) and showed higher variation in half-life (33 ± 4 h in females and 34 ± 11 h in males). While previous work indicates clinical efficacy of the 0.5-mg/kg dosage in macaques, further investigation is warranted to determine if rhesus may benefit from higher recommended doses than companion animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Bissinger
- Primate Medicine Department, California National Primate Research Center
| | - Luke A Wittenburg
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis; Davis, California
| | - Laura M Garzel
- Primate Medicine Department, California National Primate Research Center
| | - Diane E Stockinger
- Primate Medicine Department, California National Primate Research Center
| | - Gregory B Timmel
- Primate Medicine Department, California National Primate Research Center
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63
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Idowu IG, Megson D, Tiktak G, Dereviankin M, Sandau CD. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) half-lives in humans: A systematic review. Chemosphere 2023; 345:140359. [PMID: 37832892 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This manuscript presents a systematic review of PCB half-lives reported in the scientific literature. The review was completed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and included a review of almost 1000 peer-reviewed publications. In total, 26 articles were found to report half-lives in humans, with the majority of data coming from studies performed in North America on individuals suspected to have been exposed to PCBs. Terminology for reporting PCB half-lives was inconsistent, so we have attempted to consolidate this and recommend using either "apparent half-life" or "intrinsic half-life" in future studies. Within the literature, values for reported half-lives varied considerably for different PCBs. Less chlorinated PCBs generally have shorter half-lives than more chlorinated PCBs. It was interesting to note the large variability of half-lives reported for the same PCB. For example, the reported half-life for PCB 180 varied by nearly 3 orders of magnitude (0.34 years-300 years). Our review identified that the half-lives estimated were largely dependent on the studied cohort. We discuss the importance of PCB body burden, degree of chlorination and PCB structure, gender, age, breastfeeding, BMI, and smoking status on half-life estimations. We also identified significantly shorter half-lives for some PCBs in occupationally exposed individuals compared to results reported from the general population. PCB half-lives are not the same for every PCB or every individual. Therefore, careful consideration is needed when these values are used in human exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Megson
- Chemistry Matters Inc, Calgary, Canada; Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Natural Science, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Guuske Tiktak
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Natural Science, Ecology and Environment Research Centre, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | | | - Courtney D Sandau
- Chemistry Matters Inc, Calgary, Canada; Mount Royal University, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Calgary, Canada.
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Embacher S, Maertens K, Herzog SA. Half-life Estimation of Pertussis-Specific Maternal Antibodies in (Pre)Term Infants After In-Pregnancy Tetanus, Diphtheria, Acellular Pertussis Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:1640-1648. [PMID: 37285482 PMCID: PMC10681861 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To reduce the risk of pertussis-related morbidity and mortality in early life, an increasing number of countries recommend maternal pertussis vaccination. However, there is limited knowledge about half-lives of vaccine-induced pertussis-specific maternal antibodies, especially in preterm infants, and factors potentially influencing them. METHODS We compared 2 different approaches to provide estimates of the half-lives of pertussis-specific maternal antibodies in infants and explored potential effects on the half-life in 2 studies. In the first approach, we estimated the half-lives per child and used these estimates as responses in linear models. In the second approach, we used linear mixed effect models on a log2 transformed scale of the longitudinal data to use the inverse of the time parameter as an estimate for the half-lives. RESULTS Both approaches provided similar results. The identified covariates partly explain differences in half-life estimates. The strongest evidence we observed was a difference between term and preterm infants, with the preterm infants showing a longer half-life. Among others, a longer interval between vaccination and delivery increases the half-life. CONCLUSIONS Several variables influence the decay speed of maternal antibodies. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages, while the choice is secondary when assessing the half-life of pertussis-specific antibodies. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02408926 and NCT02511327.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Embacher
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kirsten Maertens
- Centre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sereina A Herzog
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Wang H, Sun J, Liu Q, Li C, Luan Y. Dissipation and Dietary Risk Assessment of Prochloraz in Strawberries under Greenhouse Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:7498. [PMID: 38005220 PMCID: PMC10672735 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries have not been determined until now. Meanwhile, few reports in the literature have concerned the dissipation behavior and risk assessment of prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries under greenhouse conditions in Beijing. A method for the determination of prochloraz and its metabolites in strawberries was developed using QuEChERS in combination with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Prochloraz and its metabolites recovered from strawberries were present in concentrations of 73.06% to 116.01%, their RSDs ranged from 1.12% to 9.17%, and their limits of detection ranged from 0.1 to 1 μg kg-1. Then, a study was conducted on the dissipation of prochloraz in strawberries under greenhouse conditions. The dissipation of prochloraz in strawberries followed the first-order kinetic equation, and its half-life was 8.06 days. The health risk associated with prochloraz in strawberries was evaluated using the target hazard quotient (THQ) method and EFSA PRIMo model. The results showed that the THQ values, %ARfD values, and %ADI values were less than 1. These results indicate that no health concerns of prochloraz are associated with the consumption of the studied strawberries. The government can use the results of this study to support the establishment of a maximum residue level for prochloraz in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Qingju Liu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Cheng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
| | - Yunxia Luan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.W.)
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Shen W, Dalby PA, Guo Z, Li W, Zhu C, Fan D. Residue Effect-Guided Design: Engineering of S. Solfataricus β-Glycosidase to Enhance Its Thermostability and Bioproduction of Ginsenoside Compound K. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:16669-16680. [PMID: 37812684 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
β-Glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus (SS-BGL) is a highly effective biocatalyst for the synthesis of compound K (CK) from glycosylated protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. In order to improve the thermal stability of SS-BGL, molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the residue-level binding energetics of ginsenoside Rd in the SS-BGL-Rd docked complex and to identify the top ten critical contributors. Target sites for mutations were determined using dynamic cross-correlation mapping of residues via the Ohm server to identify networks of distal residues that interact with the key binding residues. Target mutations were determined rationally based on site characteristics. Single mutants and then recombination of top hits led to the two most promising variants SS-BGL-Q96E/N97D/N302D and SS-BGL-Q96E/N97D/N128D/N302D with 2.5-fold and 3.3-fold increased half-lives at 95 °C, respectively. The enzyme activities relative to those of wild-type for ginsenoside conversion were 161 and 116%, respectively..
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, London WCIE 6BT, U.K
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wied Vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Weina Li
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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Bruno CD, Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Chow CR. Clinical Consequences of Altered Drug Disposition in Obesity: Call for Change. J Clin Pharmacol 2023; 63 Suppl 2:S25-S34. [PMID: 37942910 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a serious condition with many known comorbid conditions and other health risks. Despite the rising global rates of obesity, drug disposition in this population is typically understudied, which results in limited information guiding the use of drugs in patients with obesity. Presently, dosing adjustments for patients with obesity typically focus on addressing altered drug clearance with body size and are therefore limited to chronic dosing recommendations. These instructions are variable and rarely based on dedicated studies in people with obesity. This review briefly discusses the current clinical use of body measurements to guide chronic dosing instructions and highlights the need for obesity-specific dosing instructions when the half-life of a drug is prolonged (typically through increased volume of distribution) in people with obesity. Examples of drugs with apparent opportunities for either ramp-up, loading, or washout instructions for patients based on body mass index are identified, specifically for vortioxetine, posaconazole, and brexpiprazole. We call for inclusion of people with obesity in clinical studies as a special subpopulation during drug development and propose the use of body mass index to guide dosing decisions among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Bruno
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Emerald Lake Safety, LLC, Newport Beach, CA, USA
| | - David J Greenblatt
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerold S Harmatz
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Coskun D, Corum O, Durna Corum D, Uney K. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam in Pekin ducks following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023; 50:477-484. [PMID: 37620232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of meloxicam following intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and oral administrations at a dose of 1.0 mg kg-1 in Pekin ducks. STUDY DESIGN Randomized experimental trial. ANIMALS A total of 18 clinically healthy male Pekin ducks. METHODS Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to three groups of six ducks: IV, IM and oral. Meloxicam (1.0 mg kg-1) was administered to each Pekin duck. A non-compartmental analysis was used to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS No local or systemic adverse effects were observed in any bird. Meloxicam was detected in the plasma up to 120 hours following IV, IM or oral administration. The elimination half-life of the IV route was slightly shorter than that of the IM and oral routes (p < 0.05). Following IV administration, volume of distribution at steady state and total clearance were 133.17 mL kg-1 and 6.68 mL kg-1 hour-1, respectively. The mean absorption time was 2.29 hours for IM and 1.13 hours for oral route. There were significant differences between IM and oral administration for the peak plasma concentration (Cmax), time to reach Cmax and bioavailability (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Meloxicam showed long elimination half-life and high bioavailability following IM and oral administration. Meloxicam in Pekin ducks provided the effective therapeutic concentration indicated in other species for up to 48 hours. However, there is a need to determine the clinical efficacy of meloxicam in Pekin ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devran Coskun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Siirt, Siirt, Turkiye.
| | - Orhan Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Duygu Durna Corum
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Hatay Mustafa Kemal, Hatay, Turkiye
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkiye
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Fréville M, Henri J, Estienne A, Serra L, Ramé C, Ganier P, Chahnamian M, Froment P, Dupont J. Determination of the elimination half-life of Glyphosate and its main metabolite, AMPA, in chicken plasma. Toxicol Lett 2023; 389:19-25. [PMID: 37866553 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most-used herbicides worldwide. Concerns about their toxicity and ecotoxicity have motivated scientists to assess their potential effects on animals, as well as their toxicokinetic parameters in rats and humans. However, to our knowledge, such data have not been produced for avian models. In this study, toxicokinetic parameters for glyphosate and AMPA were calculated after one unique dietary exposure (40 mg of glyphosate equivalent per kg) and one unique intravenous injection of a GBH, in hens and roosters respectively. Non compartmental analysis was used to show the evolution of glyphosate and AMPA plasma concentrations over time. After one unique intravenous injection of a glyphosate-based herbicide, glyphosate and AMPA were quickly eliminated from plasma and were poorly distributed (Vssglyphosate = 0.30 L/kg). Their terminal half-lives are 4.7 h and 8.10 h, respectively. After dietary exposure, glyphosate and AMPA followed a 6 h absorption phase followed by a 42 h elimination phase. They were poorly distributed (Vssglyphosate = 0.00562 L/kg), and their maximum concentrations (Cmax) were 21285 µg/L and 108 µg/L, respectively. Their terminal elimination half-lives were 8.94 h and 6.93 h, respectively. Taken together, this study provides new data on the elimination rate and approximate biological half-life range of glyphosate in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Fréville
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Jérôme Henri
- Fougères Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 10B rue Claude Bourgelat, Fougères 35306, France
| | - Anthony Estienne
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Loïse Serra
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Christelle Ramé
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Patrice Ganier
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Marine Chahnamian
- INRAE - Unité Expérimentale du Pôle d'Expérimentation Avicole de Tours UEPEAT 1295, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
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Kessler CM, Corrales-Medina FF, Mannucci PM, Jiménez-Yuste V, Tarantino MD. Clinical efficacy of simoctocog alfa versus extended half-life recombinant FVIII concentrates in hemophilia A patients undergoing personalized prophylaxis using a matching-adjusted indirect comparison method. Eur J Haematol 2023; 111:757-767. [PMID: 37587687 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.14073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to indirectly compare the efficacy of personalized prophylaxis with simoctocog alfa (Nuwiq®) versus three extended half-life (EHL) recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) concentrates. METHODS Treatment effects were compared using matching-adjusted indirect comparisons after matching individual patient-level baseline characteristics for simoctocog alfa (pharmacokinetic [PK]-guided personalized prophylaxis) against published aggregate personalized prophylaxis data for efmoroctocog alfa, damoctocog alfa pegol, and rurioctocog alfa pegol. RESULTS A higher percentage (p < .001) of patients with zero bleeds was found with simoctocog alfa compared with efmoroctocog alfa (75% vs. 45%), damoctocog alfa pegol (77% vs. 38%), and rurioctocog alfa pegol (target trough level 1%-3%; 78% vs. 42%). Similar efficacy was found comparing simoctocog alfa against rurioctocog alfa pegol 8%-12% (77% vs. 62%). The mean total annualized bleeding rate was lower (p < .001) with simoctocog alfa than damoctocog alfa pegol (1.5 vs. 4.9). Consistent with approved dosing, the mean FVIII weekly dose was higher (p < .001) for simoctocog alfa than efmoroctocog alfa, damoctocog alfa pegol, or rurioctocog alfa pegol 1%-3%, but lower (p < .001) than rurioctocog alfa pegol 8%-12%. CONCLUSIONS Indirect comparisons demonstrated that PK-guided, personalized prophylaxis with simoctocog alfa can lead to higher zero bleed rates compared with personalized EHL rFVIII concentrate regimens, albeit with higher weekly doses, and a lower percentage of patients treated twice weekly or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M Kessler
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fernando F Corrales-Medina
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Hemophilia Treatment Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Víctor Jiménez-Yuste
- Hospital Universitario La Paz-Hematology Department, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
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71
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Wu X, Lin Z, Toney E, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Davis JL, Chen Q, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics, tissue residue depletion, and withdrawal interval estimations of florfenicol in goats following repeated subcutaneous administrations. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114098. [PMID: 37838212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in the U.S. to treat respiratory and enteric infections in goats in an extra-label manner, which requires scientifically based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for edible tissues. This study aimed to determine the depletion profiles for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in plasma and tissues samples and to estimate WDIs for goats following subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg florfenicol, twice, 96 h apart. The samples were collected up to 50 days after the second dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Three different pharmacostatistical methods with different operational tolerances were used to calculate WDIs. The plasma half-life was 101.80 h for florfenicol and 207.69 h for florfenicol amine after the second dose. Using the FDA tolerance limit method, WDIs were 202 and 101 days, while the EMA maximum residue limit method estimated 179 and 96 days for the respective tissue concentrations to fall below limits of detection (0.12 μg/g for liver and 0.05 μg/g for kidney). This study characterizes plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in goats following subcutaneous injections and reports estimated WDIs for food safety assessment of florfenicol in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Emily Toney
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Maaike O Clapham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Scott E Wetzlich
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Qiran Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Desage S, Leuci A, Enjolras N, Holle LA, Singh S, Delavenne X, Wolberg AS, Biswas A, Dargaud Y. Characterization of a recombinant factor IX molecule fused to coagulation factor XIII-B subunit. Haemophilia 2023; 29:1483-1489. [PMID: 37707428 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Severe haemophilia B (HB) is characterized by spontaneous bleeding episodes, mostly into joints. Recurrent bleeds lead to progressive joint destruction called haemophilic arthropathy. The current concept of prophylaxis aims at maintaining the FIX level >3-5 IU/dL, which is effective at reducing the incidence of haemophilic arthropathy. Extended half-life FIX molecules make it easier to achieve these target trough levels compared to standard FIX concentrates. We previously reported that the fusion of a recombinant FIX (rFIX) to factor XIII-B (FXIIIB) subunit prolonged the half-life of the rFIX-LXa-FXIIIB fusion molecule in mice and rats 3.9- and 2.2-fold, respectively, compared with rFIX-WT. However, the mechanism behind the extended half-life was not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass spectrometry and ITC were used to study interactions of rFIX-LXa-FXIIIB with albumin. Pharmacokinetic analyses in fibrinogen-KO and FcRn-KO mice were performed to evaluate the effect of albumin and fibrinogen on in-vivo half-life of rFIX-LXa-FXIIIB. Finally saphenous vein bleeding model was used to assess in-vivo haemostatic activity of rFIX-LXa-FXIIIB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION We report here the key interactions that rFIX-LXa-FXIIIB may have in plasma are with fibrinogen and albumin which may mediate its prolonged half-life. In addition, using the saphenous vein bleeding model, we demonstrate that rFIX-FXIIIB elicits functional clot formation that is indistinguishable from that of rFIX-WT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Desage
- UR4609 - Hemostase et Thrombose, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
- Unite d'Hemostase Clinique, Hopital Cardiologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Leuci
- UR4609 - Hemostase et Thrombose, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Enjolras
- UR4609 - Hemostase et Thrombose, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Lori A Holle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sneha Singh
- Arijit Biswas Lab, arijitbiswaslab.com, Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alisa S Wolberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Arijit Biswas Lab, arijitbiswaslab.com, Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yesim Dargaud
- UR4609 - Hemostase et Thrombose, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
- Unite d'Hemostase Clinique, Hopital Cardiologique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Subasekaran R, Kaithamalai B, Angappan S, Thiruvenkatasamy S, Narayanan M. Dissipation kinetics, decontamination, consumer risk assessment and monitoring of flonicamid and imidacloprid residues in capsicum under open field and polyhouse condition. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:116039-116051. [PMID: 37904032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based detection of flonicamid, imidacloprid and 6-chloronicotinic acid residues was validated and analysed in capsicum fruit, processed products and soil. The standard concentrations (0.0025 to 0.25 μg mL-1) of insecticides had a good linear curve (r2>0.99). Limit of detection and limit of quantification values were 0.0025 and 0.01 mg kg-1, respectively. The accuracy (80.53 to 100.33 %) of capsicum matrices and soil (89.41 to 100.52 %) and precision (RSD <10%) were established. Dissipation of imidacloprid (20 and 40 g a.i. ha-1) and flonicamid (75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1) at single (X) and double dose (2X) was studied under open field and polyhouse conditions. Under open field conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with half-life of 1.98, 2.90 days (X) and 2.80, 3.14 (2X) days, respectively. While under polyhouse conditions, the flonicamid and imidacloprid residues persisted with a half-life of 2.84, 3.66 (X) and 3.24, 3.97 (2X) days, respectively. The metabolite, 6-CNA, was not detected in any samples under open field and polyhouse condition. Among decontamination treatments, cooking in boiling water for 10 minutes reduced 78 to 81.60 percent of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues in both doses. The estimated dietary risk assessment of imidacloprid and flonicamid residues (RQ <1) indicated that the risk is within the acceptable limit. In farmgate capsicum samples, residues of flonicamid (7 samples) and imidacloprid (11 samples) were detected. Market samples of capsicum products (powder, flakes and sauce) were not detected with residues of selected insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Subasekaran
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Bhuvaneswari Kaithamalai
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Suganthi Angappan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saraswathi Thiruvenkatasamy
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maragatham Narayanan
- Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nakagawa J, Takahata T, Chen Y, Saito K, Kamata K, Tachita T, Yamashita S, Saito K, Ueno K, Sato A, Sakuraba H, Niioka T. Influence of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of vincristine in adult patients receiving CHOP therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 92:391-398. [PMID: 37610625 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to clarify the impact of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of vincristine (VCR) in adult patients receiving CHOP therapy. METHODS Plasma samples were collected immediately after the end of VCR administration and at 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 5.5, 9.5, 13.5, and 25.5 h after the start of administration. Areas under the plasma concentration-time curves of VCR in the elimination phase (AUC1.5-25.5) were calculated using the linear trapezoidal rule. Half-lives of VCR during the early phase (1.5-5.5 h) and terminal phase (5.5-25.5 h; t1/2γ) were determined according to the log-linear regression of the concentration-time data for at least 3 sampling points. RESULTS A total of 41 adult patients were enrolled in this study. The median t1/2γ and AUC1.5-25.5 were significantly longer and higher in CYP3A5 non-expressers (CYP3A5*3/*3) than in CYP3A5 expressers (CYP3A5*1/*1 or *1/*3) (21.3 vs 13.8 h, P = 0.005 and 35.5 vs 30.0 ng・h/mL, P = 0.006, respectively). Conversely, there were no significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters among the ABCB1 c.1236C>T, c.2677G>A/T, c.3435C>T genotype groups. A stepwise selection multiple linear regression analysis showed that the dose of VCR administered and CYP3A5 non-expresser status were independent factors influencing the AUC1.5-25.5 (partial R2 = 0.212, P = 0.002 and partial R2 = 0.143, P = 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSION The CYP3A5*3 polymorphism was found to be an indicator for predicting exposure to VCR in adult patients receiving CHOP therapy. This information may be useful for the individualization of VCR dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University Hospital, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Takenori Takahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kensuke Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuto Tachita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keigo Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University Hospital, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueno
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University Hospital, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirotake Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hematology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takenori Niioka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hirosaki University Hospital, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8563, Japan.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan.
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Roumain M, Guillemot-Legris O, Ameraoui H, Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. Identification and in vivo detection of side-chain hydroxylated metabolites of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106376. [PMID: 37604319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that are formed by enzymatic processes or through the action of reactive oxygen species. Several of these bioactive lipids have been shown to be affected and/or play a role in inflammatory processes. 4β-hydroxycholesterol is one of the major oxysterols in mice and humans and its levels are affected by inflammatory diseases. However, apart from its long half-life, little is known about its catabolism. By incubating 4β-hydroxycholesterol with mouse mitochondria-enriched liver fractions, as well as 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol with recombinant CYP3A4, we identified 4β,25-dihydroxycholesterol and 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol as 4β-hydroxycholesterol metabolites. Supporting the biological relevance of this metabolism, we detected both metabolites after incubation of J774, primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells with 4β-hydroxycholesterol. Across our experiments, the incubation of cells with lipopolysaccharides differentially affected the levels of the 25- and 27-hydroxylated metabolites of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. Finally, 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol was also detected in mice liver and plasma after intraperitoneal administration of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the in vitro and in vivo detection and quantification of 4β-hydroxycholesterol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium.
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Wu YX, Zhong XF, Li XM, Liu WL, Zhang YX, Shen QY, Xu SM, Xu PS. Pharmacokinetics of Nifedipine-Sustained Release Tablets in Healthy Subjects After a Single Oral Administration: Bioequivalence Analysis and Food Effects. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:1076-1081. [PMID: 37243536 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We compared newly developed delayed-release oral tablets (test) of 30-mg nifedipine (NFP) with its marketed counterpart (30 mg; reference) in healthy adult Chinese volunteers to assess the former's bioequivalence. This was a randomized, open-label, four-period, crossover trial study including fasting and fed trials. The participants were randomly administered test or reference formulations (1:1 ratio) throughout each period, with a 7-day washout period. In the next session, they were administered the alternate products. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and WinNonlin software were used to evaluate the bioequivalence of the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) of NFP and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). In total, 46 and 48 people participated in the fasting and postprandial trials. In both groups, the 90% confidence intervals of geometric mean ratios of Cmax , AUC from time zero to time t, and AUC from time zero to infinity were in the equivalence range (80%-125%). When NFP was administered concomitantly with a high-fat meal, time to maximum concentration was approximately twofold earlier, absorption was approximately 4.8% less, and Cmax exhibited a slight change relative to those under fasting conditions. Moreover, no serious adverse events were recorded in the participants. The present findings confirm the bioequivalence of test and reference formulations of NFP tablets under fasting and postprandial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Xuan Wu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhong
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Xiao-Min Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Yan-Xin Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ying Shen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Su-Mei Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Ping-Sheng Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
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Okada H, Ishikawa K, Itoh Y, Noda Y, Eto T, Pilla Reddy V, Chen CCK, Gibbs M, Johnsson E. Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of half-life extended SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) in healthy Japanese adults. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:1061-1067. [PMID: 37524201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) in healthy Japanese adults. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study, AZD7442 was administered intramuscularly (300 or 600 mg) or intravenously (300 or 1000 mg) to healthy Japanese adults. Primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. Anti-drug antibodies and neutralizing antibody activities were secondary endpoints. RESULTS A total of 40 participants were randomized to receive AZD7442 (n = 30) or placebo (n = 10). Adverse events (AEs) occurred in 12 (40%) and 3 (30%) participants, respectively; there were no deaths, serious AEs, or AEs leading to study withdrawal. Tixagevimab and cilgavimab had mean half-lives of 82.1-95.9 and 77.9-92.0 days, respectively, which were generally similar regardless of administration route. SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibody titers were >4-fold higher than baseline levels from Day 8 to Day 211 in participants receiving AZD7442. CONCLUSIONS AZD7442 was well tolerated in healthy Japanese adults, with predictable pharmacokinetics and an extended half-life, consistent with previous studies. CLINICALTRIALS gov, NCT04896541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okada
- Medical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Yohji Itoh
- Data Science and Innovation, R&D, AstraZeneca, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Noda
- Clinical Science, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cecil Chi-Keung Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Gibbs
- Clinical Development, Vaccines & Immunotherapies, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eva Johnsson
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Oldenburg J, Benson G, Chowdary P, Halimeh S, Matsushita T, Nørland A, Wahid MN, Nemes L. Cases of less-than-expected FVIII activity in previously treated patients during post-marketing surveillance of N8-GP. Haemophilia 2023; 29:1475-1482. [PMID: 37729439 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Turoctocog alfa pegol (N8-GP) is a glycoPEGylated, extended half-life (EHL), human recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) approved for the treatment and prevention of bleeding episodes in patients with haemophilia A. Since its launch in August 2019, > 800 patients have been treated worldwide. AIM To present data from identified post-marketing cases of less-than-expected FVIII activity in previously treated patients (PTPs) without inhibitors after switching to N8-GP. METHODS The post-marketing safety database was searched using keywords such as 'coagulation FVIII level decreased'. Identified cases reported prior to 13 October 2021 were included in this report. Cases in which patients had FVIII inhibitors were excluded. RESULTS Here we report 14 cases of less-than-expected FVIII activity. Details varied greatly amongst the cases. At presentation, FVIII activity ranged from 1% (15 min post-dose) to 51% (2 days post-dose). Seven patients experienced bleeding episodes after switching to N8-GP with heterogeneity in bleeding presentations. Six out of seven patients who were tested for anti-PEG IgG and/or IgM antibodies were positive. In all known cases, FVIII activity returned to the expected range when switched to an alternative FVIII replacement product. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the 14 reported cases of less-than-expected FVIII activity, without presence of detectable FVIII inhibitors, presented with heterogenous characteristics, and wide variations in FVIII activity and anti-PEG antibody titre. FVIII activity returned to the expected range after switching to alternative FVIII products. In line with WFH guidelines, monitoring of FVIII activity can ensure FVIII activity in the expected range. The safety surveillance of N8-GP continues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oldenburg
- Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gary Benson
- Department of Haematology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - Pratima Chowdary
- Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Nagoya University Hospital, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | - Laszlo Nemes
- DepartmentMedical Center of the Hungarian Defence Forces, National Hemophilia Center and Hemostasis, Budapest, Hungary
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79
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Liu Y, Wang X, Wang S. Safety Evaluation of Chlorantraniliprole in Lychee Based on Residue and Dietary Risk Assessment. Molecules 2023; 28:7265. [PMID: 37959688 PMCID: PMC10649269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents the development of a highly effective method employing high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to investigate chlorantraniliprole's dissipation, risk assessment, and residue distribution in whole lychee fruit and its pulp. Mean recoveries of the samples ranged from 80 to 105%, exhibiting a relative standard deviation (RSD) of below 8%. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for lychee and pulp were determined as 0.001 mg/kg, and half-lives (t1/2) ranged from 8.0 to 12.2 days. Terminal residue concentrations in whole litchi and pulp were determined as 0.008-0.45 mg/kg and ≤0.001 mg/kg. These residues were treated twice and thrice at two different dosage levels with pre-harvest intervals (PHIs) of 7, 14, and 21 days. The potential chronic risk posed by chlorantraniliprole to humans was non-negligible, as indicated by the risk quotient (RQ) value not exceeding 1. Therefore, this study provides significant fresh data about the safe application of chlorantraniliprole in the production of lychee, which will help China develop maximum residual limits (MRLs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Siwei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.L.); (X.W.)
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80
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SHIMADA S, ABOUBAKR M, ELBADAWY M, USUI T, SASAKI K, SHIMODA M. Biliary excretion and pharmacokinetics of several fluoroquinolones after intravenous injection in rabbits. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1099-1105. [PMID: 37635088 PMCID: PMC10600534 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ERFX) and other fluoroquinolones; orbifloxacin (OBFX), marbofloxacin (MBFX), and ofloxacin (OFLX) in the plasma and bile of rabbits after a single intravenous (IV) injection. Twenty male rabbits were divided into four groups and given each drug by IV injection into the ear vein at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg BW. The concentration of ERFX, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), OBFX, MBFX and OFLX in plasma and bile were determined by HPLC. CPFX, metabolite of ERFX, was also measured by HPLC in plasma and bile of rabbits receiving ERFX. Several pharmacokinetic parameters in plasma were calculated and biliary clearance (CLbile) was calculated from extent of biliary excretion and accumulation of AUC of each drug. After IV injection, elimination half-life (t1/2β) was 4.13, 3.68, 6.60, 5.14 hr; volume of distribution at a steady state (Vdss) was 1.24, 0.503, 0.771, 1.02 L/kg; and total body clearance (CLtot) was 1.05, 0.418, 0.271, 0.453 L/kg/hr, respectively. The values for CLbile for ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were 0.0048, 0.0050, 0.0057, and 0.0094 L/kg/hr, respectively. These values represent 0.48%, 1.2%, 2.1%, and 2.3% of the total body clearance (CLtot) of each drug, respectively. The biliary clearance of CPFX was also measured and found to be 0.0199 L/kg/hr with ERFX administration. The results showed that ERFX, OBFX, MBFX, and OFLX were not excreted into the bile to a significant extent, making them safe drugs to use in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire SHIMADA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Mohamed ABOUBAKR
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed ELBADAWY
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,
Benha University, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Tatsuya USUI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Kazuaki SASAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
| | - Minoru SHIMODA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Cooperative
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo,
Japan
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81
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Song MH, Yu JW, Keum YS, Lee JH. Dynamic modeling of pesticide residue in proso millet under multiple application situations. Environ Pollut 2023; 334:121993. [PMID: 37301453 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a cereal crop with potential resistance to drought and heat stress, making it a promising alternative crop for regions with hot and dry climates. Because of its importance, it is crucial to investigate pesticide residues in proso millet and assess their potential risks to the environment and human health to protect it from insects or pathogens. This study aimed to develop a model for predicting pesticide residues in proso millet using dynamiCROP. The field trials consisted of four plots, with each plot containing three replicates of 10 m2. The applications of pesticides were conducted two or three times for each pesticide. The residual concentrations of the pesticides in the millet grains were quantitatively analyzed using gas and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The dynamiCROP simulation model, which calculates the residual kinetics of pesticides in plant-environment systems, was employed for predicting pesticide residues in proso millet. Crop-specific, environment-specific, and pesticide-specific parameters were utilized to optimize the model. Half-lives of pesticides in grain of proso millet, which were needed to input for dynamiCROP, were estimated using a modified first-order equation. Proso millet-specific parameters were obtained from previous studies. The accuracy of the dynamiCROP model was assessed using statistical criteria, including the coefficient of correlation (R), coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), relative root mean square error (RRMSE), and root mean square logarithmic error (RMSLE). The model was then validated using additional field trial data, which showed that it could accurately predict pesticide residues in proso millet grain under different environmental conditions. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the model in predicting pesticide residues in proso millet after multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Song
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Woo Yu
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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82
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Yang L, Shu P, Wu N, Hu M, Luo Z. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198, a novel, selective Autotaxin inhibitor, in healthy subjects: A phase I randomized placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106552. [PMID: 37532064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autotaxin (ATX) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) play an important role in pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). FTP-198 is an oral, novel and selective ATX inhibitor indicated for treating IPF. The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 in healthy subjects. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single ascending-dose Phase I study was performed. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, food effect on pharmacokinetics, elimination, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 30 subjects were enrolled and completed the study. After oral administration of single ascending-dose of 100 mg, 300 mg and 400 mg FTP-198 under fasted condition, FTP-198 was absorbed with median time to reach peak concentration (Tmax) of 1.75, 2.75 and 3.5 h, respectively and eliminated with mean elimination half-life (t1/2) of 8.77, 10.58 and 10.57 h, respectively. Peak concentration (Cmax), plasma area under concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration (AUC0-t) and to infinity (AUC0-∞) increased in dose-proportional manner for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198. Food intake slightly increased the Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ and prolonged Tmax, but not affecting t1/2 of FTP-198 compared with fasted state. The pharmacodynamic biomarker plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) 18:2 decreased significantly for 100 mg to 400 mg FTP-198, with inhibition rate from baseline reaching approximately 80% at 24 h post dosing, and higher dose of FTP-198 increased the time to maintain inhibitory plateau. FTP-198 was eliminated from the body almost with no unchanged drug excreted in urine and a small amount of unchanged drug detected in feces of human. Moreover, FTP-198 exhibited favorable safety and tolerability in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of FTP-198 support further subsequent clinical development of FTP -198 in IPF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China; Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Pei Shu
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyue Hu
- Haisco Pharmaceutical Group Co., LtPd., Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610044, China.
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83
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Iwamoto M, Duncan KE, Wickremasingha PK, Zhao T, Liberti MV, Lemoine L, Decaesteker T, Rottey S, Maas BM, Gillespie G, Stoch SA. Assessment of pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability following twice-daily administration of molnupiravir for 10 days in healthy participants. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:1947-1956. [PMID: 37526305 PMCID: PMC10582664 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an orally administered, small-molecule ribonucleoside prodrug of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) that has demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum preclinical activity against RNA viruses and has a high barrier to the development of resistance. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and tolerability of 10.5-day administration of multiple doses of molnupiravir and its metabolites in healthy, adult participants. Participants were randomly assigned (3:1) to receive molnupiravir (400 mg [n = 6], 600 mg [n = 6], and 800 mg [n = 12]) or matching placebo (n = 8) every 12 h (q12h) for 10.5 days. Blood was collected to evaluate the PKs of NHC in plasma and of its active metabolite, NHC-triphosphate (NHC-TP), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Molnupiravir was generally well-tolerated. All adverse events were mild or moderate in severity and none led to treatment discontinuation. No clinically meaningful dose-related safety findings were observed. Mean time to maximal concentration was ~1.50 to 1.98 h for plasma NHC and ~4.00 to 8.06 h for PBMC NHC-TP. Accumulation was minimal (<1.2) for NHC and ~2- to 2.5-fold for NHC-TP. Plasma NHC PKs was generally dose proportional, and PBMC NHC-TP PKs was less than dose proportional over the dose range studied. NHC and NHC-TP PK support twice-daily administration. Overall, molnupiravir administered at up to 800 mg q12h for 10.5 days was generally well-tolerated in healthy participants with dose-linear PKs, supporting the evaluation of longer molnupiravir dosing up to 10 days in future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tian Zhao
- Merck & Co., Inc.RahwayNew JerseyUSA
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84
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Hudson CS, Smith JE, Eales BM, Nikolaou M, Tam VH. In vitro model to simulate multiple drugs with distinct elimination half-lives. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106924. [PMID: 37433386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of drug resistance in pathogens such as HIV and selected bacteria has been steadily rising, resulting in an increased need for using multiple agents concurrently. Agents used in these combination therapies may have different elimination half-lives in humans. There is an unmet need for in vitro models to evaluate the efficacy of these combinations to guide early drug development. In order to realistically reflect in vivo conditions, useful in vitro model systems must be capable of simulating multiple pharmacokinetic profiles with distinct elimination half-lives. The goal of this study was to experimentally simulate four pharmacokinetic profiles with distinct elimination half-lives in an in vitro hollow-fibre system. METHODS For illustrative purposes, fluctuating exposures of ceftriaxone were simulated with distinct half-lives of 1, 2.5, 8, and 12 hours. A parallel experimental setup was used to independently connect four supplemental reservoirs to a central reservoir. Target maximum concentration was achieved by direct drug dosing into the central reservoir; supplemental reservoirs were also dosed to offset the rapid drug elimination rate from the central reservoir. Serial pharmacokinetic samples were obtained from the central reservoir, assayed by a spectrophotometric method, and characterized by a one-compartment model. RESULTS The observed maximum concentrations and elimination half-lives were in agreement with the expected values obtained from the mathematical predictions. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro experimental system can be used to evaluate the efficacy of up to four-drug combinations against multidrug-resistant bacteria or HIV-infected mammalian cells. The established framework represents an adaptable tool to advance the field of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole S Hudson
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James E Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brianna M Eales
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Nikolaou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston College of Engineering, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent H Tam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Translational Research, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston College of Engineering, Houston, Texas, USA.
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85
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Dong B, Hu J. Dissipation, residue distribution, and risk assessment of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice under various open field conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2023; 103:6510-6520. [PMID: 37219399 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethiprole has been registered to control planthoppers in rice fields for many years in Asia. However, its dissipation and residues in rice under natural field conditions and health hazards are largely unclear. In the present study, a modified QuEChERS (i.e. Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established to detect ethiprole and its metabolites, ethiprole amide and ethiprole sulfone, in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw. The field experiments were implemented in 12 representative provinces of China under Good Agricultural Practices aiming to investigate the fate and terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites in rice. Finally, the dietary risk of ethiprole was evaluated. RESULTS The average recoveries of these analytes in all matrices were 86.4-99.0% with a repeatability of 0.575-9.38%. The limits of quantification for each compound were 0.01 mg kg-1 . Dissipation of ethiprole followed the single first-order, first + first-order, and first-order multi-compartment kinetic models with a half-life of 2.68-8.99 days in rice husks. The dissipation half-life of ethiprole combining all metabolites was 5.20-16.2 days in rice husks. The terminal residues of ethiprole and its metabolites at preharvest intervals of 21 days were < 0.011, 0.25, and 0.20 mg kg-1 in brown rice, rice husks, and rice straw, respectively. Ethiprole amide was undetectable in all matrices, and the risk quotient of ethiprole was far less than 100%. CONCLUSION Ethiprole rapidly converted to ethiprole sulfone in rice, and ethiprole and ethiprole sulfone mainly remained in rice husks and straws. The dietary risk of ethiprole was acceptable for Chinese consumers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizhang Dong
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Hu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
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86
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Hillarp A, Holme PA, Wåland EP, Le MS, Henriksson CE, Tjønnfjord GE, Måseide RJ. Report on 4 cases with decreased recovery due to neutralizing antibodies specific for PEGylated recombinant factor VIII. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2771-2775. [PMID: 37543216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) have gained increasing interest after the introduction of extended half-life products with various modifications of the rFVIII molecule, such as covalent attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Anti-PEG antibodies may be associated with a temporary reduction of FVIII recovery, but according to previous studies, they usually disappear after continuous dosing. Anti-PEG antibodies with an inhibitory capacity have never been demonstrated in patients treated with PEGylated rFVIII products. OBJECTIVES To routinely switch from standard half-life to PEGylated extended half-life rFVIII products in patients with hemophilia A. METHODS From December 2022 until May 2023, 83 adults with hemophilia A attending Oslo Haemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre received a test dose with a PEGylated rFVIII product to switch treatment. Four patients presented with decreased recovery without the presence of an FVIII inhibitor. Accordingly, we performed a variant inhibitor test utilizing different rFVIII concentrates as a source of FVIII and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to search for anti-PEG antibodies. RESULTS We found inhibitory anti-PEG/anti-PEGylated rFVIII antibodies in 4 patients (5%), both persistent and transient, explaining the impaired recovery. The patients had neutralizing anti-PEG antibodies prior to the first dosing of PEGylated rFVIII. We demonstrated neutralizing antibodies (mainly immunoglobuline G) specific for PEG and all 3 commercially available PEGylated rFVIII products. CONCLUSION The number of patients with inhibitory anti-PEG antibodies was significant, and the presence of inhibitors against PEGylated rFVIII emphasizes the importance of individual monitoring when switching FVIII concentrates to ensure safety and efficacy of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hillarp
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pål A Holme
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik P Wåland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie S Le
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carola E Henriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir E Tjønnfjord
- Department of Haematology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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87
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Jawalekar SS, Kawathe PS, Sharma N, Anakha J, Tikoo K, Pande AH. Development and characterization of fused human arginase I for cancer therapy. Invest New Drugs 2023; 41:652-663. [PMID: 37532976 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-023-01387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I) have emerged as a potential candidate for the treatment of varied pathophysiological conditions ranging from arginine-auxotrophic cancer, inflammatory conditions and microbial infection. However, rhArg I have a low circulatory half-life, leading to poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which necessitating the rapid development of modifications to circumvent these limitations. To address this, polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated-rhArg I variants are being developed by pharmaceutical companies. However, because of the limitations associated with the clinical use of PEGylated proteins, there is a dire need in the art to develop rhArg I variant(s) which is safe (devoid of limitations of PEGylated counterpart) and possess increased circulatory half-life. In this study, we described the generation and characterization of a fused human arginase I variant (FHA-3) having improved circulatory half-life. FHA-3 protein was engineered by fusing rhArg I with a half-life extension partner (domain of human serum albumin) via a peptide linker and was produced using P. pastoris expression system. This purified biopharmaceutical (FHA-3) exhibits (i) increased arginine-hydrolyzing activity in buffer, (ii) cofactor - independency, (iii) increased circulatory half-life (t1/2) and (iv) potent anti-cancer activity against human cancer cell lines under in vitro and in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Sainath Jawalekar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Sugriv Kawathe
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - J Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Kulbhushan Tikoo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India.
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88
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Ma S, Chen M, Jiang Y, Xiang X, Wang S, Wu Z, Li S, Cui Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Ma H, Duan S, Li H, Yang Y, Lingle CJ, Hu H. Sustained antidepressant effect of ketamine through NMDAR trapping in the LHb. Nature 2023; 622:802-809. [PMID: 37853123 PMCID: PMC10600008 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist1, has revolutionized the treatment of depression because of its potent, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects2-4. Although the elimination half-life of ketamine is only 13 min in mice5, its antidepressant activities can last for at least 24 h6-9. This large discrepancy poses an interesting basic biological question and has strong clinical implications. Here we demonstrate that after a single systemic injection, ketamine continues to suppress burst firing and block NMDARs in the lateral habenula (LHb) for up to 24 h. This long inhibition of NMDARs is not due to endocytosis but depends on the use-dependent trapping of ketamine in NMDARs. The rate of untrapping is regulated by neural activity. Harnessing the dynamic equilibrium of ketamine-NMDAR interactions by activating the LHb and opening local NMDARs at different plasma ketamine concentrations, we were able to either shorten or prolong the antidepressant effects of ketamine in vivo. These results provide new insights into the causal mechanisms of the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine. The ability to modulate the duration of ketamine action based on the biophysical properties of ketamine-NMDAR interactions opens up new opportunities for the therapeutic use of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Ma
- Department of Psychiatry and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Jiang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinkuan Xiang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuohang Wu
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihui Cui
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junying Wang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haohong Li
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christopher J Lingle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China.
- Nanhu Brain-Computer Interface Institute, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Affiliated Mental Health Center and Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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89
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Verana G, Tijani AO, Puri A. Nanosuspension-based microneedle skin patch of baclofen for sustained management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123352. [PMID: 37647979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Baclofen (BAC) is the first-line recommendation to treat spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis whose treatment goals include improving mobility or easing pain. The short half-life of BAC calls for multiple daily dosing which may be eliminated by the development of a transdermal system. This study aimed to assess the effect of transdermal microneedle patches on improving the skin permeation of BAC. Nanosuspension-loaded microneedle patch containing BAC was fabricated and characterized. In vitro permeation of BAC across intact and microneedle-treated dermatomed porcine ear skin was evaluated. In vitro passive permeation of BAC solution after 72 h was observed to be 92.56 ± 11.24 µg/cm2. A near 9-fold enhancement was observed when employing the strategy of microneedle-mediated delivery of the solution. To increase drug loading, two strategies, nanosizing and microneedle-mediated delivery, were combined and permeation of BAC after 72 h resulted to be 1951.95 ± 82.01 µg/cm2 (p < 0.05). Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of BAC holds potential for sustained management of multiple sclerosis-related spasticity. Nanosizing of BAC particles facilitated higher drug loading in MN patches and an eventual increase in cumulative drug permeation from the patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Verana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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90
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Hsu YP, Nourzaie O, Tocher AE, Nerella K, Ermakov G, Jung J, Fowler A, Wu P, Ayesa U, Willingham A, Beaumont M, Ingale S. Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation Using Modified Bisected N-Glycans: Method Development and Potential toward Tunable Effector Function. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1633-1644. [PMID: 37620302 PMCID: PMC10516122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have garnered worldwide attention for disease treatment, as they possess high target specificity, a long half-life, and outstanding potency to kill or modulate the functions of targets. FDA approval of multiple ADCs for cancer therapy has generated a strong desire for novel conjugation strategies with high biocompatibility and controllable bioproperties. Herein, we present a bisecting glycan-bridged conjugation strategy that enables site-specific conjugation without the need for the oligosaccharide synthesis and genetic engineering of antibodies. Application of this method is demonstrated by conjugation of anti-HER2 human and mouse IgGs with a cytotoxic drug, monomethyl auristatin E. The glycan bridge showed outstanding stability, and the resulting ADCs eliminated HER2-expressing cancer cells effectively. Moreover, our strategy preserves the feasibility of glycan structure remodeling to fine-tune the immunogenicity and pharmacokinetic properties of ADCs through glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Pang Hsu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Omar Nourzaie
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ariel E. Tocher
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 33 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kavitha Nerella
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Grigori Ermakov
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiwon Jung
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexandra Fowler
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Peidong Wu
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Umme Ayesa
- MRL, Merck
& Co., Inc., 90 E.
Scott Ave., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Aarron Willingham
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maribel Beaumont
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 213 E. Grand Ave., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sampat Ingale
- MRL,
Merck & Co., Inc., 320 Bent St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
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91
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Shang C, Lai J, Haque M, Chen W, Wang P, Lai R. Nuclear NPM-ALK Protects Myc from Proteasomal Degradation and Contributes to Its High Expression in Cancer Stem-Like Cells in ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14337. [PMID: 37762644 PMCID: PMC10531997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK+ALCL), a small subset of cancer stem-like (or RR) cells characterized by high Myc expression have been identified. We hypothesize that NPM-ALK contributes to their high Myc expression. While transfection of NPM-ALK into HEK293 cells effectively increased Myc by inhibiting its proteosomal degradation (PD-Myc), this effect was dramatically attenuated when the full-length NPM1 (FL-NPM1) was downregulated using shRNA, highlighting the importance of the NPM-ALK:FL-ALK heterodimers in this context. Consistent with this concept, immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the heterodimers are abundant only in RR cells, in which the half-life of Myc is substantially longer than the bulk cells. Fbw7γ, a key player in PD-Myc, is sequestered by the heterodimers in RR cells, and this finding correlates with a Myc phosphorylation pattern indicative of ineffective PD-Myc. Using confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence staining, we found that the fusion signal between ALK and FL-NPM1, characteristic of the heterodimers, correlates with the Myc level in ALK+ALCL cells from cell lines and patient samples. To conclude, our findings have revealed a novel oncogenic function of NPM-ALK in the nucleus. Specifically, the NPM-ALK:FL-NPM1 heterodimers increase cancer stemness by blocking PD-Myc and promoting Myc accumulation in the cancer stem-like cell subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuquan Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (C.S.); (M.H.); (W.C.)
| | - Justine Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Moinul Haque
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (C.S.); (M.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Will Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (C.S.); (M.H.); (W.C.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Raymond Lai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; (C.S.); (M.H.); (W.C.)
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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92
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Nelson CB, Brady BL, Richards M, Lew CR, Via WL, Greenberg M, Rizzo C. Optimal site of care for administration of extended half-life respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) antibodies to infants in the United States (US). Vaccine 2023; 41:5820-5824. [PMID: 37586957 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New extended half-life antibodies for the single-dose prevention of medically attended (MA) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) have been developed for administration to all infants before or during their first RSV season. For infants born during the season, administration as soon as feasible after birth would provide optimal protection and minimize access disparities. The objective of this study was to assess the time from birth hospitalization discharge to the first outpatient visit (FOV) among US infants in order to determine optimal site of administration for the extended half-life antibody. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective, observational, time-to-event analysis uses the Merative™ MarketScan® Commercial and Multi-State Medicaid Databases. Time to FOV is reported separately for the COVID-19 and recent pre-COVID-19 eras and for commercially insured and Medicaid infants. RESULTS Overall, 73.8 % of Medicaid infants had an FOV within 5 days as compared to 84.7 % of commercially insured infants. Estimates were higher during the COVID-19 era. Urban commercially insured infants had much higher FOV completion than their counterparts. Among Medicaid infants, urban Black and rural White infants were least likely to complete their FOV within 5 days of birth hospitalization discharge. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION FOV within 5 days after birth hospitalization discharge for Medicaid infants is substantially lower than that of commercially insured infants. Approximately 1 in 4 Medicaid infants and 1 in 8 infants with commercial insurance did not have an outpatient visit within 5 days of birth hospitalization discharge. For US infants born during the RSV season, administration of extended half-life RSV antibodies in the newborn nursery prior to discharge would ensure optimal uptake and minimize access disparities.
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93
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Thran M, Pönisch M, Danz H, Horscroft N, Ichtchenko K, Tzipori S, Shoemaker CB. Co-administration of an effector antibody enhances the half-life and therapeutic potential of RNA-encoded nanobodies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14632. [PMID: 37670025 PMCID: PMC10480410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and associated mortality have increased rapidly worldwide in recent years. Therefore, it is critical to develop new therapies for CDI. Here we report on the development of mRNA-LNPs encoding camelid-derived VHH-based neutralizing agents (VNAs) targeting toxins A and/or B of C. difficile. In preclinical models, intravenous administration of the mRNA-LNPs provided serum VNA levels sufficient to confer protection of mice against severe disease progression following toxin challenge. Furthermore, we employed an mRNA-LNP encoded effector antibody, a molecular tool designed to specifically bind an epitopic tag linked to the VNAs, to prolong VNA serum half-life. Co-administration of VNA-encoding mRNA-LNPs and an effector antibody, either provided as recombinant protein or encoded by mRNA-LNP, increased serum VNA half-life in mice and in gnotobiotic piglets. Prolonged serum half-life was associated with higher concentrations of serum VNA and enhanced prophylactic protection of mice in challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hillary Danz
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | | | - Konstantin Ichtchenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Saul Tzipori
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Charles B Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
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94
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Sarvi JY, Gardhouse SM, Knych HK, Carpenter JW, Jeffrey A. High-concentration buprenorphine exceeds target plasma concentrations for extended periods following subcutaneous administration in American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). Am J Vet Res 2023; 84:1-6. [PMID: 37481252 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.05.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of a high-concentration buprenorphine formulation after a single SC dose in American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber). ANIMALS 6 healthy adult American flamingos (3 males and 3 females). METHODS A single dose of high-concentration buprenorphine (1.8 mg/kg) was administered SC to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after drug administration between October 14 and October 18, 2022. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and a noncompartmental analysis was used to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. RESULTS Mean ± SD peak plasma drug concentration (Cmax) was 195.1 ± 187.4 ng/mL, the mean time to peak plasma concentration (Tmax) was 0.32 ± 0.31 hours, the mean area under the concentration-vs-time curve from time 0 to the last measured concentration (AUC0-last) was 881.4 ± 205.4 ng/mL, and mean terminal half-life (t1/2) was 12.6 ± 3.86 hours. Mean plasma buprenorphine concentrations were >1 ng/mL for at least 48 hours after drug administration. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE High-concentration buprenorphine dosed at 1.8 mg/kg SC in American flamingos rapidly exceeded plasma drug concentrations reported to have analgesic effects in other avian species and maintained these levels for extended periods. Sedative effects were similar to those reported for other species. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of high-concentration buprenorphine at this dose in American flamingos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Y Sarvi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS
| | - Sara M Gardhouse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS
- Current affiliation: Evolution Veterinary Specialists, Lakewood, CO
| | - Heather K Knych
- K. L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - James W Carpenter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS
| | - Alison Jeffrey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS
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95
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Zhang H, Zhang L, Lin A, Xu C, Li Z, Liu K, Liu B, Ma X, Zhao F, Jiang H, Chen C, Shen H, Li H, Mathews DH, Zhang Y, Huang L. Algorithm for optimized mRNA design improves stability and immunogenicity. Nature 2023; 621:396-403. [PMID: 37130545 PMCID: PMC10499610 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06127-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are being used to combat the spread of COVID-19 (refs. 1-3), but they still exhibit critical limitations caused by mRNA instability and degradation, which are major obstacles for the storage, distribution and efficacy of the vaccine products4. Increasing secondary structure lengthens mRNA half-life, which, together with optimal codons, improves protein expression5. Therefore, a principled mRNA design algorithm must optimize both structural stability and codon usage. However, owing to synonymous codons, the mRNA design space is prohibitively large-for example, there are around 2.4 × 10632 candidate mRNA sequences for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This poses insurmountable computational challenges. Here we provide a simple and unexpected solution using the classical concept of lattice parsing in computational linguistics, where finding the optimal mRNA sequence is analogous to identifying the most likely sentence among similar-sounding alternatives6. Our algorithm LinearDesign finds an optimal mRNA design for the spike protein in just 11 minutes, and can concurrently optimize stability and codon usage. LinearDesign substantially improves mRNA half-life and protein expression, and profoundly increases antibody titre by up to 128 times in mice compared to the codon-optimization benchmark on mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 and varicella-zoster virus. This result reveals the great potential of principled mRNA design and enables the exploration of previously unreachable but highly stable and efficient designs. Our work is a timely tool for vaccines and other mRNA-based medicines encoding therapeutic proteins such as monoclonal antibodies and anti-cancer drugs7,8.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- School of EECS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- School of EECS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ang Lin
- StemiRNA Therapeutics, Shanghai, China
- Vaccine Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ziyu Li
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
| | - Kaibo Liu
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- School of EECS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David H Mathews
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Coderna.ai, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
| | - Yujian Zhang
- StemiRNA Therapeutics, Shanghai, China.
- , Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
| | - Liang Huang
- Baidu Research USA, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
- School of EECS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
- Coderna.ai, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA.
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96
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Young G, Callaghan MU, Balasa V, Soni A, Ahuja S, Roberts JC, Simpson ML, Kizilocak H, Frick A, Mokdad AG, Xing S, Caicedo J. Effects of PK-guided prophylaxis on clinical outcomes and FVIII consumption for patients with moderate to severe Haemophilia A. Haemophilia 2023; 29:1234-1242. [PMID: 37553998 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years, there has been increased focus on individualizing treatment for persons with hemophilia including pharmacokinetic-guided (PK) dosing. AIMS In this retrospective study clinical outcomes before and after PK-guided prophylaxis were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight Haemophilia Treatment Centres from the United States participated in the study and included 132 patients classified into two cohorts: those undergoing a PK-assessment for product switch (switchers) or to optimize treatment (non-switchers). Subset analyses for the two most common products and patients with dosing per prescription label were included for annual bleeding rates (ABR), mean weekly consumption outcomes, and annualized cost of prophylaxis. RESULTS The most common products before and after index date were octocog alfa, rurioctocog alfa pegol, and efmoroctocog alfa. Seventy-four (56%) patients were identified as switchers and 58 (44%) patients were classified as non-switchers. The majority of patients (78.0%) experienced either a decrease in ABR post-index or maintained 0 ABR during pre- and post-index time periods, with similar proportions identified in both switchers (77.0%) and non-switchers (79.3%) populations. Non-switchers were identified as having no significant change in cost of therapy, while switchers experienced increased cost of therapy driven by higher price of extended half-life products. Within subset analyses, patients receiving rurioctocog alfa pegol and efmoroctocog alfa had mean ABR under 1 after index date. CONCLUSION PK-guided prophylaxis has the potential to improve clinical outcomes without increase in cost of therapy for patients maintaining product and can aid in maintaining effective protection against bleeds in those switching product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Young
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Vinod Balasa
- Hemotology/Oncology, Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, California, USA
| | - Amit Soni
- Center for Inherited Blood Disorders, Orange, California, USA
| | - Sanjay Ahuja
- UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Hande Kizilocak
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ali G Mokdad
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A, 95 Hayden Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shan Xing
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A, 95 Hayden Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jorge Caicedo
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A, 95 Hayden Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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97
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Litoriya NS, Patel JH, Thakor PM, Chauhan NR, Chawla S, Shah PG. Behavior of trifloxystrobin and propineb as combination product in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and their risk assessment for human health. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5660. [PMID: 37085954 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides have their own unique characteristics and modes of action; a combination formulation [combination product (combi product)] of trifloxystrobin and propineb was applied to tomatoes for their dissipation kinetics and to ensure consumer safety. The combi product was applied at a 10-day interval with standard (61.25 + 1072.75 g a.i. ha-1 ) and double (122.5 + 2145.50 g a.i. ha-1 ) doses. The efficient analytical method was established using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach followed by LC-MS. The maximum residue levels of 0.15 and 0.35 mg kg-1 of trifloxystrobin were detected in tomato fruits immediately after application at standard and double doses, respectively. The corresponding levels of propineb as carbon disulfide were 0.47 and 0.90 mg kg-1 , respectively. Considering trifloxystrobin (0.7 mg kg-1 ) codex maximum residue limit and propineb as dithiocarbamate (3.0 mg kg-1 ) European Commission maximum residue limit in tomato, a pre-harvest interval of 1 day can be proposed. The anticipated residue contributions of both fungicides were far less than the acceptable daily intake. The targeted hazard quotient and hazard index were also less than 1 for both fungicides. Furthermore, the theoretical maximum residue contribution was less than its maximum permissible intake, which indicates that the consumption of tomatoes containing the measured value of each fungicide residue could not pose any health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh S Litoriya
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
- Main Forage Research Station, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignesh H Patel
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Pritesh M Thakor
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Nirmalsinh R Chauhan
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Suchi Chawla
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR Unit-9, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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Kuusk S, Eijsink VGH, Väljamäe P. The "life-span" of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) correlates to the number of turnovers in the reductant peroxidase reaction. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105094. [PMID: 37507015 PMCID: PMC10458328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes that degrade the insoluble crystalline polysaccharides cellulose and chitin. Besides the H2O2 cosubstrate, the cleavage of glycosidic bonds by LPMOs depends on the presence of a reductant needed to bring the enzyme into its reduced, catalytically active Cu(I) state. Reduced LPMOs that are not bound to substrate catalyze reductant peroxidase reactions, which may lead to oxidative damage and irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. However, the kinetics of this reaction remain largely unknown, as do possible variations between LPMOs belonging to different families. Here, we describe the kinetic characterization of two fungal family AA9 LPMOs, TrAA9A of Trichoderma reesei and NcAA9C of Neurospora crassa, and two bacterial AA10 LPMOs, ScAA10C of Streptomyces coelicolor and SmAA10A of Serratia marcescens. We found peroxidation of ascorbic acid and methyl-hydroquinone resulted in the same probability of LPMO inactivation (pi), suggesting that inactivation is independent of the nature of the reductant. We showed the fungal enzymes were clearly more resistant toward inactivation, having pi values of less than 0.01, whereas the pi for SmAA10A was an order of magnitude higher. However, the fungal enzymes also showed higher catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM(H2O2)) for the reductant peroxidase reaction. This inverse linear correlation between the kcat/KM(H2O2) and pi suggests that, although having different life spans in terms of the number of turnovers in the reductant peroxidase reaction, LPMOs that are not bound to substrates have similar half-lives. These findings have not only potential biological but also industrial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Kuusk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU - Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Priit Väljamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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99
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van der Flier A, Hong V, Liu Z, Piepenhagen P, Ulinski G, Dumont JA, Orcutt KD, Goel A, Peters R, Salas J. Biodistribution of recombinant factor IX, extended half-life recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein, and glycoPEGylated recombinant factor IX in hemophilia B mice. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2023; 34:353-363. [PMID: 37577860 PMCID: PMC10481914 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000001230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Extended half-life recombinant FIX (rFIX) molecules have been generated to reduce the dosing burden and increase the protection of patients with hemophilia B. Clinical pharmacology studies with recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) report a similar initial peak plasma recovery to that of rFIX, but with a larger volume of distribution. Although the pegylation of N9-GP results in a larger plasma recovery, there is a smaller volume of distribution, suggesting less extravasation of the latter drug. In this study, we set out to compare the biodistribution and tissue localization of rFIX, rFIXFc, and glycoPEGylated rFIX in a hemophilia B mouse model. Radiolabeled rFIX, rFIXFc, and rFIX-GP were employed in in vivo single-photon emission computed tomography imaging (SPECT/CT), microautoradiography (MARG), and histology to assess the distribution of FIX reagents over time. Immediately following injection, vascularized tissues demonstrated intense signal irrespective of FIX reagent. rFIX and rFIXFc were retained in joint and muscle areas through 5 half-lives, unlike rFIX-GP (assessed by SPECT). MARG and immunohistochemistry showed FIX agents localized at blood vessels among tissues, including liver, spleen, and kidney. Microautoradiographs, as well as fluorescent-labeled images of knee joint areas, demonstrated retention over time of FIX signal at the trabecular area of bone. Data indicate that rFIXFc is similar to rFIX in that it distributes outside the plasma compartment and is retained in certain tissues over time, while also retained at higher plasma levels. Overall, data suggest that Fc fusion does not impede the extravascular distribution of FIX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly D. Orcutt
- Invicro LLC, A Konica Minolta Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Apollina Goel
- Invicro LLC, A Konica Minolta Company, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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100
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Gold JR, Grubb T, Court M, Villarino NF. Pharmacokinetics of single dose administration of three increasing doses of acetaminophen per os in 1-3-month-old foals. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:891-898. [PMID: 36482786 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is a common analgesic and antipyretic drug used in human medicine and might be an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for treating pain and pyrexia in foals. The pharmacokinetics and safety of differing doses of acetaminophen have not been investigated in foals. OBJECTIVES To determine the plasma pharmacokinetics and any changes in haematology and biochemistry profiles following oral administration of single doses of acetaminophen at 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to foals. STUDY DESIGN Randomised cross-over pharmacokinetic study. METHODS Six Quarter Horse (two colts and four fillies) foals received 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg acetaminophen orally once. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were performed before and 7 days after each drug administration. Blood samples were collected over 64 h after drug administration and were used to quantify plasma acetaminophen concentrations by liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using compartmental analysis. RESULTS Median (range) acetaminophen plasma concentrations were 4.4 (1.8-5.1), 6.3 (2.6-12.6), and 14 (7.3-18) μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Median acetaminophen area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)0-∞ ranged from 25 (11-32), 41 (22-74), and 105 (82-142) h × μg/ml for the 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg doses, respectively. Dose-normalised maximal concentrations and AUC0-∞ values were similar across dose concentrations (p > 0.05). Median terminal half-life for all doses was 2.7-2.8 h. Haematology and biochemistry profiles were normal except for blood urea nitrogen and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Foals were growing throughout the study, starting at 1 month and ending at 3 months. Deposition of drugs changes with age. The sample size was small and only single doses were evaluated. No liver biopsies were performed. CONCLUSION Plasma disposition of acetaminophen after a single oral dose of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg to 1-3-month-old foals varies greatly with the dose. The analgesic and antipyretic effect in foals is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Robin Gold
- Associate-Internal Medicine and Criticalist, Wisconsin Equine Clinic and Hospital, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tamara Grubb
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Michael Court
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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