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Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S, Olaso R, Raybould R, Chen Y, Kuzma AB, Hiltunen M, Morgan T, Ahmad S, Vardarajan BN, Epelbaum J, Hoffmann P, Boada M, Beecham GW, Garnier JG, Harold D, Fitzpatrick AL, Valladares O, Moutet ML, Gerrish A, Smith AV, Qu L, Bacq D, Denning N, Jian X, Zhao Y, Del Zompo M, Fox NC, Choi SH, Mateo I, Hughes JT, Adams HH, Malamon J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Patel Y, Brody JA, Dombroski BA, Naranjo MCD, Daniilidou M, Eiriksdottir G, Mukherjee S, Wallon D, Uphill J, Aspelund T, Cantwell LB, Garzia F, Galimberti D, Hofer E, Butkiewicz M, Fin B, Scarpini E, Sarnowski C, Bush WS, Meslage S, Kornhuber J, White CC, Song Y, Barber RC, Engelborghs S, Sordon S, Voijnovic D, Adams PM, Vandenberghe R, Mayhaus M, Cupples LA, Albert MS, De Deyn PP, Gu W, Himali JJ, Beekly D, Squassina A, Hartmann AM, Orellana A, Blacker D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lovestone S, Garcia ME, Doody RS, Munoz-Fernadez C, Sussams R, Lin H, Fairchild TJ, Benito YA, Holmes C, Karamujić-Čomić H, Frosch MP, Thonberg H, Maier W, Roshchupkin G, Ghetti B, Giedraitis V, Kawalia A, Li S, Huebinger RM, Kilander L, Moebus S, Hernández I, Kamboh MI, Brundin R, Turton J, Yang Q, Katz MJ, Concari L, Lord J, Beiser AS, Keene CD, Helisalmi S, Kloszewska I, Kukull WA, Koivisto AM, Lynch A, Tarraga L, Larson EB, Haapasalo A, Lawlor B, Mosley TH, Lipton RB, Solfrizzi V, Gill M, Longstreth WT, Montine TJ, Frisardi V, Diez-Fairen M, Rivadeneira F, Petersen RC, Deramecourt V, Alvarez I, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Boerwinkle E, Reiman EM, Fievet N, Rotter JI, Reisch JS, Hanon O, Cupidi C, Andre Uitterlinden AG, Royall DR, Dufouil C, Maletta RG, de Rojas I, Sano M, Brice A, Cecchetti R, George-Hyslop PS, Ritchie K, Tsolaki M, Tsuang DW, Dubois B, Craig D, Wu CK, Soininen H, Avramidou D, Albin RL, Fratiglioni L, Germanou A, Apostolova LG, Keller L, Koutroumani M, Arnold SE, Panza F, Gkatzima O, Asthana S, Hannequin D, Whitehead P, Atwood CS, Caffarra P, Hampel H, Quintela I, Carracedo Á, Lannfelt L, Rubinsztein DC, Barnes LL, Pasquier F, Frölich L, Barral S, McGuinness B, Beach TG, Johnston JA, Becker JT, Passmore P, Bigio EH, Schott JM, Bird TD, Warren JD, Boeve BF, Lupton MK, Bowen JD, Proitsi P, Boxer A, Powell JF, Burke JR, Kauwe JSK, Burns JM, Mancuso M, Buxbaum JD, Bonuccelli U, Cairns NJ, McQuillin A, Cao C, Livingston G, Carlson CS, Bass NJ, Carlsson CM, Hardy J, Carney RM, Bras J, Carrasquillo MM, Guerreiro R, Allen M, Chui HC, Fisher E, Masullo C, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Bisceglio G, Dick M, Ma L, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Evans DA, Hodges A, Faber KM, Scherer M, Fallon KB, Riemenschneider M, Fardo DW, Heun R, Farlow MR, Kölsch H, Ferris S, Leber M, Foroud TM, Heuser I, Galasko DR, Giegling I, Gearing M, Hüll M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Morris J, Green RC, Mayo K, Growdon JH, Feulner T, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Drichel D, Honig LS, Cushion TD, Huentelman MJ, Hollingworth P, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Marshall R, Jarvik GP, Meggy A, Abner E, Menzies GE, Jin LW, Leonenko G, Real LM, Jun GR, Baldwin CT, Grozeva D, Karydas A, Russo G, Kaye JA, Kim R, Jessen F, Kowall NW, Vellas B, Kramer JH, Vardy E, LaFerla FM, Jöckel KH, Lah JJ, Dichgans M, Leverenz JB, Mann D, Levey AI, Pickering-Brown S, Lieberman AP, Klopp N, Lunetta KL, Wichmann HE, Lyketsos CG, Morgan K, Marson DC, Brown K, Martiniuk F, Medway C, Mash DC, Nöthen MM, Masliah E, Hooper NM, McCormick WC, Daniele A, McCurry SM, Bayer A, McDavid AN, Gallacher J, McKee AC, van den Bussche H, Mesulam M, Brayne C, Miller BL, Riedel-Heller S, Miller CA, Miller JW, Al-Chalabi A, Morris JC, Shaw CE, Myers AJ, Wiltfang J, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Alvarez V, Parisi JE, Singleton AB, Paulson HL, Collinge J, Perry WR, Mead S, Peskind E, Cribbs DH, Rossor M, Pierce A, Ryan NS, Poon WW, Nacmias B, Potter H, Sorbi S, Quinn JF, Sacchinelli E, Raj A, Spalletta G, Raskind M, Caltagirone C, Bossù P, Orfei MD, Reisberg B, Clarke R, Reitz C, Smith AD, Ringman JM, Warden D, Roberson ED, Wilcock G, Rogaeva E, Bruni AC, Rosen HJ, Gallo M, Rosenberg RN, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sager MA, Mecocci P, Saykin AJ, Pastor P, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Slifer S, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tang M, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Saba Y, Pilotto A, Bullido MJ, Peters O, Crane PK, Bennett D, Bosco P, Coto E, Boccardi V, De Jager PL, Lleo A, Warner N, Lopez OL, Ingelsson M, Deloukas P, Cruchaga C, Graff C, Gwilliam R, Fornage M, Goate AM, Sanchez-Juan P, Kehoe PG, Amin N, Ertekin-Taner N, Berr C, Debette S, Love S, Launer LJ, Younkin SG, Dartigues JF, Corcoran C, Ikram MA, Dickson DW, Nicolas G, Campion D, Tschanz J, Schmidt H, Hakonarson H, Clarimon J, Munger R, Schmidt R, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, C O'Donovan M, DeStefano AL, Jones L, Haines JL, Deleuze JF, Owen MJ, Gudnason V, Mayeux R, Escott-Price V, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Ruiz A, van Duijn CM, Holmans PA, Seshadri S, Williams J, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Lambert JC, Pericak-Vance MA. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet 2019; 51:414-430. [PMID: 30820047 PMCID: PMC6463297 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1541] [Impact Index Per Article: 308.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Risk for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), the most prevalent dementia, is partially driven by genetics. To identify LOAD risk loci, we performed a large genome-wide association meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed LOAD (94,437 individuals). We confirm 20 previous LOAD risk loci and identify five new genome-wide loci (IQCK, ACE, ADAM10, ADAMTS1, and WWOX), two of which (ADAM10, ACE) were identified in a recent genome-wide association (GWAS)-by-familial-proxy of Alzheimer's or dementia. Fine-mapping of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region confirms the neurological and immune-mediated disease haplotype HLA-DR15 as a risk factor for LOAD. Pathway analysis implicates immunity, lipid metabolism, tau binding proteins, and amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism, showing that genetic variants affecting APP and Aβ processing are associated not only with early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease but also with LOAD. Analyses of risk genes and pathways show enrichment for rare variants (P = 1.32 × 10-7), indicating that additional rare variants remain to be identified. We also identify important genetic correlations between LOAD and traits such as family history of dementia and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincent Damotte
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Aura Frizatti
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Kara L Hamilton-Nelson
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean-Guillaume Garnier
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Laure Moutet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Nicola Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Mateo
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - David Wallon
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mariusz Butkiewicz
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - Chloe Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Will S Bush
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stéphane Meslage
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuenjoo Song
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Sebastiaan Engelborghs
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Sordon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Dina Voijnovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory for Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Jayanadra J Himali
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Adelina Orellana
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eloy Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Munoz-Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Yolanda A Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Clive Holmes
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gennady Roshchupkin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amit Kawalia
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hernández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Letizia Concari
- Section of Neuroscience, DIMEC-University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- FERB-Alzheimer Center, Gazzaniga (Bergamo), Italy
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluís Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unity, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercer's Institute for Research on Aging, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
- St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vincenza Frisardi
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Diez-Fairen
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Ignacio Alvarez
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Geriatrics Department, Hôpital Broca, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - A G Andre Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdamt, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, Family & Community Medicine, South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education & Clinical Center (GRECC), UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm 1219, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital / CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Itziar de Rojas
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- Inserm, CNRS, UMR-S975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - David Craig
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Despoina Avramidou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonia Germanou
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Koutroumani
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Geriatrics, Center for Aging Brain, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olymbia Gkatzima
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute, Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Inés Quintela
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenomica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Centro Nacional de Genotipado, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Janet A Johnston
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James T Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Ageing Group, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/>GRECC, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Departments of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas J Bass
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Regina M Carney
- Mental Health & Behavioral Science Service, Bruce W. Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fisher
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Gina Bisceglio
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Hüll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Feulner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas D Cushion
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul Hollingworth
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alun Meggy
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Georgina E Menzies
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ganna Leonenko
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luis M Real
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gyungah R Jun
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Detelina Grozeva
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Inserm U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emma Vardy
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David Mann
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stuart Pickering-Brown
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Norman Klopp
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians University Chair of Epidemiology, Munich, Germany
- Joint Biobank Munich and KORA Biobank, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nigel M Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Bayer
- Institute of Primary Care and Public Health, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hendrik van den Bussche
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscienceó, King's College London, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Goettingen, Germany
- IBiMED, Medical Sciences Department, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - William R Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Natalie S Ryan
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit at UCL, Institute of Prion Diseases, London, UK
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca, Trasferimento e Alta Formazione DENOTHE, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bossù
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Experimental Neuropsychobiology Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Clarke
- Oxford Healthy Aging Project, Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A David Smith
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Donald Warden
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael L Cuccaro
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lori S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susan Slifer
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mitchell Tang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Gerontology and Geriatrics Research Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department Geriatric Care, Orthogeriatrics and Rehabilitation, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paola Bosco
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Phil L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Lleo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick Warner
- Somerset Partnership NHS Trust, Somerset, UK
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Theme Aging, Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Karolinska University Hospital-Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Alzheimer Research Center, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rhian Gwilliam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pascual Sanchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Patrick G Kehoe
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nilifur Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm U1061 Neuropsychiatry, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Seth Love
- University of Bristol Medical School, Learning & Research level 2, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | | | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Departments of Radiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita L DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lesley Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Institute for Computational Biology, Department of Population & Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, and LabEx GENMED, Evry, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente, Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades-Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Peter A Holmans
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at Cardiff, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Phillippe Amouyel
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France.
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
- Univ. Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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Goldman JS, Van Deerlin VM. Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia: The Current State of Genetics and Genetic Testing Since the Advent of Next-Generation Sequencing. Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 22:505-513. [PMID: 29971646 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The advent of next-generation sequencing has changed genetic diagnostics, allowing clinicians to test concurrently for phenotypically overlapping conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, to interpret genetic results, clinicians require an understanding of the benefits and limitations of different genetic technologies, such as the inability to detect large repeat expansions in such diseases as C9orf72-associated FTD and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Other types of mutations such as large deletions or duplications and triple repeat expansions may also go undetected. Additionally, the concurrent testing of multiple genes or the whole exome increases the likelihood of discovering variants of unknown significance. Our goal here is to review the current knowledge about the genetics of AD and FTD and suggest up-to-date guidelines for genetic testing for these dementias. Despite the improvements in diagnosis due to biomarkers testing, AD and FTD can have overlapping symptoms. When used appropriately, genetic testing can elucidate the diagnosis and specific etiology of the disease, as well as provide information for the family and determine eligibility for clinical trials. Prior to ordering genetic testing, clinicians must determine the appropriate genes to test, the types of mutations that occur in these genes, and the best type of genetic test to use. Without this analysis, interpretation of genetic results will be difficult. Patients should be counseled about the benefits and limitations of different types of genetic tests so they can make an informed decision about testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Goldman
- Taub Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th St., Box 16, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 7.103 Founders Pavilion, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Swarup V, Hinz FI, Rexach JE, Noguchi KI, Toyoshiba H, Oda A, Hirai K, Sarkar A, Seyfried NT, Cheng C, Haggarty SJ, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Lah JJ, Levey AI, Kondou S, Geschwind DH. Identification of evolutionarily conserved gene networks mediating neurodegenerative dementia. Nat Med 2019; 25:152-164. [PMID: 30510257 PMCID: PMC6602064 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0223-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the mechanisms through which genetic risk causes dementia is an imperative for new therapeutic development. Here, we apply a multistage, systems biology approach to elucidate the disease mechanisms in frontotemporal dementia. We identify two gene coexpression modules that are preserved in mice harboring mutations in MAPT, GRN and other dementia mutations on diverse genetic backgrounds. We bridge the species divide via integration with proteomic and transcriptomic data from the human brain to identify evolutionarily conserved, disease-relevant networks. We find that overexpression of miR-203, a hub of a putative regulatory microRNA (miRNA) module, recapitulates mRNA coexpression patterns associated with disease state and induces neuronal cell death, establishing this miRNA as a regulator of neurodegeneration. Using a database of drug-mediated gene expression changes, we identify small molecules that can normalize the disease-associated modules and validate this experimentally. Our results highlight the utility of an integrative, cross-species network approach to drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Swarup
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Co-first author
| | - Flora I. Hinz
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Co-first author
| | - Jessica E. Rexach
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ken-ichi Noguchi
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Toyoshiba
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Oda
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hirai
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Arjun Sarkar
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA,Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chialin Cheng
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - IFGC
- International FTD-Genomics Consortium, a list of members and affiliations appears at the end of the paper
| | - Murray Grossman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- The Penn FTD Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- The Penn FTD Center, Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James J. Lah
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Allan I. Levey
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center and Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Shinichi Kondou
- CNS Drug Discovery Unit, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Daniel H. Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Deming Y, Dumitrescu L, Barnes LL, Thambisetty M, Kunkle B, Gifford KA, Bush WS, Chibnik LB, Mukherjee S, De Jager PL, Kukull W, Huentelman M, Crane PK, Resnick SM, Keene CD, Montine TJ, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Larson EB, Johnson SC, Albert M, Moghekar A, Del Aguila JL, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Hassenstab J, Fagan AM, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Minthon L, Chao MJ, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Peskind ER, Li G, Davis LK, Sealock JM, Cox NJ, Goate AM, Bennett DA, Schneider JA, Jefferson AL, Cruchaga C, Hohman TJ. Sex-specific genetic predictors of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Acta Neuropathol 2018; 136:857-872. [PMID: 29967939 PMCID: PMC6280657 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42) and tau have been evaluated as endophenotypes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic studies. Although there are sex differences in AD risk, sex differences have not been evaluated in genetic studies of AD endophenotypes. We performed sex-stratified and sex interaction genetic analyses of CSF biomarkers to identify sex-specific associations. Data came from a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CSF Aβ42 and tau (1527 males, 1509 females). We evaluated sex interactions at previous loci, performed sex-stratified GWAS to identify sex-specific associations, and evaluated sex interactions at sex-specific GWAS loci. We then evaluated sex-specific associations between prefrontal cortex (PFC) gene expression at relevant loci and autopsy measures of plaques and tangles using data from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project. In Aβ42, we observed sex interactions at one previous and one novel locus: rs316341 within SERPINB1 (p = 0.04) and rs13115400 near LINC00290 (p = 0.002). These loci showed stronger associations among females (β = - 0.03, p = 4.25 × 10-8; β = 0.03, p = 3.97 × 10-8) than males (β = - 0.02, p = 0.009; β = 0.01, p = 0.20). Higher levels of expression of SERPINB1, SERPINB6, and SERPINB9 in PFC was associated with higher levels of amyloidosis among females (corrected p values < 0.02) but not males (p > 0.38). In total tau, we observed a sex interaction at a previous locus, rs1393060 proximal to GMNC (p = 0.004), driven by a stronger association among females (β = 0.05, p = 4.57 × 10-10) compared to males (β = 0.02, p = 0.03). There was also a sex-specific association between rs1393060 and tangle density at autopsy (pfemale = 0.047; pmale = 0.96), and higher levels of expression of two genes within this locus were associated with lower tangle density among females (OSTN p = 0.006; CLDN16 p = 0.002) but not males (p ≥ 0.32). Results suggest a female-specific role for SERPINB1 in amyloidosis and for OSTN and CLDN16 in tau pathology. Sex-specific genetic analyses may improve understanding of AD's genetic architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Logan Dumitrescu
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhav Thambisetty
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Kunkle
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Katherine A Gifford
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lori B Chibnik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Philip L De Jager
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Walter Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Unit of Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center of the Wm. S. Middleton Memorial VA Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge L Del Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael J Chao
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gail Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julia M Sealock
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Angela L Jefferson
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1207 17th Avenue S, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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Brettschneider J, Suh E, Robinson JL, Fang L, Lee EB, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Converging Patterns of α-Synuclein Pathology in Multiple System Atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018; 77. [PMID: 30203094 PMCID: PMC6181179 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly080#supplementary-data] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine patterns of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology in multiple system atrophy (MSA) using 70-µm-thick sections of 20 regions of the central nervous system of 37 cases with striato-nigral degeneration (SND) and 10 cases with olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA). In SND cases with the shortest disease duration (phase 1), α-syn pathology was observed in striatum, lentiform nucleus, substantia nigra, brainstem white matter tracts, cerebellar subcortical white matter as well as motor cortex, midfrontal cortex, and sensory cortex. SND with increasing duration of disease (phase 2) was characterized by involvement of spinal cord and thalamus, while phase 3 was characterized by involvement of hippocampus and amygdala. Cases with the longest disease duration (phase 4) showed involvement of the visual cortex. We observed an increasing overlap of α-syn pathology with increasing duration of disease between SND and OPCA, and noted increasingly similar regional distribution patterns of α-syn pathology. The GBA variant, p.Thr408Met, was found to have an allele frequency of 6.94% in SND cases which was significantly higher compared with normal (0%) and other neurodegenerative disease pathologies (0.74%), suggesting that it is associated with MSA. Our findings indicate that SND and OPCA show distinct early foci of α-syn aggregations, but increasingly converge with longer disease duration to show overlapping patterns of α-syn pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brettschneider
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lubin Fang
- Clinical Neuroanatomy Section, Department of Neurology, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Murray Grossman
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Virginia M -Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Send correspondence to: John Q. Trojanowski, MD, PhD, CNDR, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3rd Floor Maloney Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104; E-mail:
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Placek K, Baer GM, Elman L, McCluskey L, Hennessy L, Ferraro PM, Lee EB, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT. UNC13A polymorphism contributes to frontotemporal disease in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 73:190-199. [PMID: 30368160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The majority (90%-95%) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is sporadic, and ∼50% of patients develop symptoms of frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) associated with shorter survival. The genetic polymorphism rs12608932 in UNC13A confers increased risk of sporadic ALS and sporadic FTD and modifies survival in ALS. Here, we evaluate whether rs12608932 is also associated with frontotemporal disease in sporadic ALS. We identified reduced cortical thickness in sporadic ALS with T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (N = 109) relative to controls (N = 113), and observed that minor allele (C) carriers exhibited greater reduction of cortical thickness in the dorsal prefrontal, ventromedial prefrontal, anterior temporal, and middle temporal cortices and worse performance on a frontal lobe-mediated cognitive test (reverse digit span). In sporadic ALS with autopsy data (N = 102), minor allele homozygotes exhibited greater burden of phosphorylated tar DNA-binding protein-43 kda (TDP-43) pathology in the middle frontal, middle temporal, and motor cortices. Our findings demonstrate converging evidence that rs12608932 may modify frontotemporal disease in sporadic ALS and suggest that rs12608932 may function as a prognostic indicator and could be used to define patient endophenotypes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Placek
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Michael Baer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Comprehensive ALS Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- University of Pennsylvania, Penn Comprehensive ALS Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Hennessy
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pilar M Ferraro
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Reese PP, Abt PL, Blumberg EA, Van Deerlin VM, Bloom RD, Potluri VS, Levine M, Porrett P, Sawinski D, Nazarian SM, Naji A, Hasz R, Suplee L, Trofe-Clark J, Sicilia A, McCauley M, Gentile C, Smith J, Niknam BA, Bleicher M, Reddy KR, Goldberg DS. Twelve-Month Outcomes After Transplant of Hepatitis C-Infected Kidneys Into Uninfected Recipients: A Single-Group Trial. Ann Intern Med 2018; 169:273-281. [PMID: 30083748 DOI: 10.7326/m18-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organs from hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected deceased donors are often discarded. Preliminary data from 2 small trials, including THINKER-1 (Transplanting Hepatitis C kidneys Into Negative KidnEy Recipients), suggested that HCV-infected kidneys could be safely transplanted into HCV-negative patients. However, intermediate-term data on quality of life and renal function are needed to counsel patients about risk. OBJECTIVE To describe 12-month HCV treatment outcomes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and quality of life for the 10 kidney recipients in THINKER-1 and 6-month data on 10 additional recipients. DESIGN Open-label, nonrandomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02743897). SETTING Single center. PARTICIPANTS 20 HCV-negative transplant candidates. INTERVENTION Participants underwent transplant with kidneys infected with genotype 1 HCV and received elbasvir-grazoprevir on posttransplant day 3. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was HCV cure. Exploratory outcomes included 1) RAND-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) quality-of-life scores at enrollment and after transplant, and 2) posttransplant renal function, which was compared in a 1:5 matched sample with recipients of HCV-negative kidneys. RESULTS The mean age of THINKER participants was 56.3 years (SD, 6.7), 70% were male, and 40% were black. All 20 participants achieved HCV cure. Hepatic and renal complications were transient or were successfully managed. Mean PCS and MCS quality-of-life scores decreased at 4 weeks; PCS scores then increased above pretransplant values, whereas MCS scores returned to baseline values. Estimated GFRs were similar between THINKER participants and matched recipients of HCV-negative kidneys at 6 months (median, 67.5 vs. 66.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; 95% CI for between-group difference, -4.2 to 7.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) and 12 months (median, 72.8 vs. 67.2 mL/min/1.73 m2; CI for between-group difference, -7.2 to 9.8 mL/min/1.73 m2). LIMITATION Small trial. CONCLUSION Twenty HCV-negative recipients of HCV-infected kidneys experienced HCV cure, good quality of life, and excellent renal function. Kidneys from HCV-infected donors may be a valuable transplant resource. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Merck.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Reese
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Peter L Abt
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Emily A Blumberg
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Roy D Bloom
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Vishnu S Potluri
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Matthew Levine
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Paige Porrett
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Deirdre Sawinski
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Susanna M Nazarian
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Ali Naji
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Richard Hasz
- Gift of Life Donor Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.H., L.S.)
| | - Lawrence Suplee
- Gift of Life Donor Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.H., L.S.)
| | - Jennifer Trofe-Clark
- Perelman School of Medicine and Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.T.)
| | - Anna Sicilia
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Maureen McCauley
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - Caren Gentile
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.G., J.S.)
| | - Jennifer Smith
- University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (C.G., J.S.)
| | - Bijan A Niknam
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.A.N.)
| | - Melissa Bleicher
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - K Rajender Reddy
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
| | - David S Goldberg
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (P.P.R., P.L.A., E.A.B., V.M.V., R.D.B., V.S.P., M.L., P.P., D.S., S.M.N., A.N., A.S., M.M., M.B., K.R.R., D.S.G.)
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Robinson JL, Lee EB, Xie SX, Rennert L, Suh E, Bredenberg C, Caswell C, Van Deerlin VM, Yan N, Yousef A, Hurtig HI, Siderowf A, Grossman M, McMillan CT, Miller B, Duda JE, Irwin DJ, Wolk D, Elman L, McCluskey L, Chen-Plotkin A, Weintraub D, Arnold SE, Brettschneider J, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Neurodegenerative disease concomitant proteinopathies are prevalent, age-related and APOE4-associated. Brain 2018; 141:2181-2193. [PMID: 29878075 PMCID: PMC6022546 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lewy bodies commonly occur in Alzheimer's disease, and Alzheimer's disease pathology is frequent in Lewy body diseases, but the burden of co-pathologies across neurodegenerative diseases is unknown. We assessed the extent of tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein and TDP-43 proteinopathies in 766 autopsied individuals representing a broad spectrum of clinical neurodegenerative disease. We interrogated pathological Alzheimer's disease (n = 247); other tauopathies (n = 95) including Pick's disease, corticobasal disease and progressive supranuclear palsy; the synucleinopathies (n = 164) including multiple system atrophy and Lewy body disease; the TDP-43 proteinopathies (n = 188) including frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; and a minimal pathology group (n = 72). Each group was divided into subgroups without or with co-pathologies. Age and sex matched logistic regression models compared co-pathology prevalence between groups. Co-pathology prevalence was similar between the minimal pathology group and most neurodegenerative diseases for each proteinopathy: tau was nearly universal (92-100%), amyloid-β common (20-57%); α-synuclein less common (4-16%); and TDP-43 the rarest (0-16%). In several neurodegenerative diseases, co-pathology increased: in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein (41-55%) and TDP-43 (33-40%) increased; in progressive supranuclear palsy, α-synuclein increased (22%); in corticobasal disease, TDP-43 increased (24%); and in neocortical Lewy body disease, amyloid-β (80%) and TDP-43 (22%) increased. Total co-pathology prevalence varied across groups (27-68%), and was increased in high Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, and neocortical Lewy body disease (70-81%). Increased age at death was observed in the minimal pathology group, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy cases with co-pathologies. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neocortical Lewy body disease, co-pathologies associated with APOE ɛ4. Lewy body disease cases with Alzheimer's disease co-pathology had substantially lower Mini-Mental State Examination scores than pure Lewy body disease. Our data imply that increased age and APOE ɛ4 status are risk factors for co-pathologies independent of neurodegenerative disease; that neurodegenerative disease severity influences co-pathology as evidenced by the prevalence of co-pathology in high Alzheimer's disease and neocortical Lewy body disease, but not intermediate Alzheimer's disease or limbic Lewy body disease; and that tau and α-synuclein strains may also modify co-pathologies since tauopathies and synucleinopathies had differing co-pathologies and burdens. These findings have implications for clinical trials that focus on monotherapies targeting tau, amyloid-β, α-synuclein and TDP-43.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Robinson
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lior Rennert
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Colin Bredenberg
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carrie Caswell
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ning Yan
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University-town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ahmed Yousef
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Siderowf
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John E Duda
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center, Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Wolk
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Memory Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Translational Neurology Head of the Interdisciplinary Brain Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Penn Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Penn Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Anttila V, Bulik-Sullivan B, Finucane HK, Walters RK, Bras J, Duncan L, Escott-Price V, Falcone GJ, Gormley P, Malik R, Patsopoulos NA, Ripke S, Wei Z, Yu D, Lee PH, Turley P, Grenier-Boley B, Chouraki V, Kamatani Y, Berr C, Letenneur L, Hannequin D, Amouyel P, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Duron E, Vardarajan BN, Reitz C, Goate AM, Huentelman MJ, Kamboh MI, Larson EB, Rogaeva E, St George-Hyslop P, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Farrer LA, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Demirci FY, Head E, Hulette CM, Jicha GA, Kauwe JSK, Kaye JA, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Lieberman AP, Pankratz VS, Poon WW, Quinn JF, Saykin AJ, Schneider LS, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Stern RA, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Harold D, Russo G, Rubinsztein DC, Bayer A, Tsolaki M, Proitsi P, Fox NC, Hampel H, Owen MJ, Mead S, Passmore P, Morgan K, Nöthen MM, Rossor M, Lupton MK, Hoffmann P, Kornhuber J, Lawlor B, McQuillin A, Al-Chalabi A, Bis JC, Ruiz A, Boada M, Seshadri S, Beiser A, Rice K, van der Lee SJ, De Jager PL, Geschwind DH, Riemenschneider M, Riedel-Heller S, Rotter JI, Ransmayr G, Hyman BT, Cruchaga C, Alegret M, Winsvold B, Palta P, Farh KH, Cuenca-Leon E, Furlotte N, Kurth T, Ligthart L, Terwindt GM, Freilinger T, Ran C, Gordon SD, Borck G, Adams HHH, Lehtimäki T, Wedenoja J, Buring JE, Schürks M, Hrafnsdottir M, Hottenga JJ, Penninx B, Artto V, Kaunisto M, Vepsäläinen S, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Kurki MI, Hämäläinen E, Huang H, Huang J, Sandor C, Webber C, Muller-Myhsok B, Schreiber S, Salomaa V, Loehrer E, Göbel H, Macaya A, Pozo-Rosich P, Hansen T, Werge T, Kaprio J, Metspalu A, Kubisch C, Ferrari MD, Belin AC, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Zwart JA, Boomsma D, Eriksson N, Olesen J, Chasman DI, Nyholt DR, Avbersek A, Baum L, Berkovic S, Bradfield J, Buono RJ, Catarino CB, Cossette P, De Jonghe P, Depondt C, Dlugos D, Ferraro TN, French J, Hjalgrim H, Jamnadas-Khoda J, Kälviäinen R, Kunz WS, Lerche H, Leu C, Lindhout D, Lo W, Lowenstein D, McCormack M, Møller RS, Molloy A, Ng PW, Oliver K, Privitera M, Radtke R, Ruppert AK, Sander T, Schachter S, Schankin C, Scheffer I, Schoch S, Sisodiya SM, Smith P, Sperling M, Striano P, Surges R, Thomas GN, Visscher F, Whelan CD, Zara F, Heinzen EL, Marson A, Becker F, Stroink H, Zimprich F, Gasser T, Gibbs R, Heutink P, Martinez M, Morris HR, Sharma M, Ryten M, Mok KY, Pulit S, Bevan S, Holliday E, Attia J, Battey T, Boncoraglio G, Thijs V, Chen WM, Mitchell B, Rothwell P, Sharma P, Sudlow C, Vicente A, Markus H, Kourkoulis C, Pera J, Raffeld M, Silliman S, Boraska Perica V, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, William Rayner N, Lewis CM, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Monteleone P, Karwautz A, Mannik K, Baker JH, O'Toole JK, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder SG, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Danner UN, van Elburg AA, Clementi M, Forzan M, Docampo E, Lissowska J, Hauser J, Tortorella A, Maj M, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Papezova H, Yilmaz Z, Wagner G, Cohen-Woods S, Herms S, Julià A, Rabionet R, Dick DM, Ripatti S, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold AJ, Steen VM, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Padyukov L, Halmi KA, Mitchell J, Strober M, Bergen AW, Kaye W, Szatkiewicz JP, Cormand B, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sánchez-Mora C, Ribasés M, Casas M, Hervas A, Arranz MJ, Haavik J, Zayats T, Johansson S, Williams N, Dempfle A, Rothenberger A, Kuntsi J, Oades RD, Banaschewski T, Franke B, Buitelaar JK, Arias Vasquez A, Doyle AE, Reif A, Lesch KP, Freitag C, Rivero O, Palmason H, Romanos M, Langley K, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Dalsgaard S, Børglum AD, Waldman I, Wilmot B, Molly N, Bau CHD, Crosbie J, Schachar R, Loo SK, McGough JJ, Grevet EH, Medland SE, Robinson E, Weiss LA, Bacchelli E, Bailey A, Bal V, Battaglia A, Betancur C, Bolton P, Cantor R, Celestino-Soper P, Dawson G, De Rubeis S, Duque F, Green A, Klauck SM, Leboyer M, Levitt P, Maestrini E, Mane S, De-Luca DM, Parr J, Regan R, Reichenberg A, Sandin S, Vorstman J, Wassink T, Wijsman E, Cook E, Santangelo S, Delorme R, Rogé B, Magalhaes T, Arking D, Schulze TG, Thompson RC, Strohmaier J, Matthews K, Melle I, Morris D, Blackwood D, McIntosh A, Bergen SE, Schalling M, Jamain S, Maaser A, Fischer SB, Reinbold CS, Fullerton JM, Guzman-Parra J, Mayoral F, Schofield PR, Cichon S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt F, Schumacher J, Bauer M, Mitchell PB, Gershon ES, Rice J, Potash JB, Zandi PP, Craddock N, Ferrier IN, Alda M, Rouleau GA, Turecki G, Ophoff R, Pato C, Anjorin A, Stahl E, Leber M, Czerski PM, Cruceanu C, Jones IR, Posthuma D, Andlauer TFM, Forstner AJ, Streit F, Baune BT, Air T, Sinnamon G, Wray NR, MacIntyre DJ, Porteous D, Homuth G, Rivera M, Grove J, Middeldorp CM, Hickie I, Pergadia M, Mehta D, Smit JH, Jansen R, de Geus E, Dunn E, Li QS, Nauck M, Schoevers RA, Beekman AT, Knowles JA, Viktorin A, Arnold P, Barr CL, Bedoya-Berrio G, Bienvenu OJ, Brentani H, Burton C, Camarena B, Cappi C, Cath D, Cavallini M, Cusi D, Darrow S, Denys D, Derks EM, Dietrich A, Fernandez T, Figee M, Freimer N, Gerber G, Grados M, Greenberg E, Hanna GL, Hartmann A, Hirschtritt ME, Hoekstra PJ, Huang A, Huyser C, Illmann C, Jenike M, Kuperman S, Leventhal B, Lochner C, Lyon GJ, Macciardi F, Madruga-Garrido M, Malaty IA, Maras A, McGrath L, Miguel EC, Mir P, Nestadt G, Nicolini H, Okun MS, Pakstis A, Paschou P, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Plessen K, Ramensky V, Ramos EM, Reus V, Richter MA, Riddle MA, Robertson MM, Roessner V, Rosário M, Samuels JF, Sandor P, Stein DJ, Tsetsos F, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Weatherall S, Wendland JR, Wolanczyk T, Worbe Y, Zai G, Goes FS, McLaughlin N, Nestadt PS, Grabe HJ, Depienne C, Konkashbaev A, Lanzagorta N, Valencia-Duarte A, Bramon E, Buccola N, Cahn W, Cairns M, Chong SA, Cohen D, Crespo-Facorro B, Crowley J, Davidson M, DeLisi L, Dinan T, Donohoe G, Drapeau E, Duan J, Haan L, Hougaard D, Karachanak-Yankova S, Khrunin A, Klovins J, Kučinskas V, Lee Chee Keong J, Limborska S, Loughland C, Lönnqvist J, Maher B, Mattheisen M, McDonald C, Murphy KC, Nenadic I, van Os J, Pantelis C, Pato M, Petryshen T, Quested D, Roussos P, Sanders AR, Schall U, Schwab SG, Sim K, So HC, Stögmann E, Subramaniam M, Toncheva D, Waddington J, Walters J, Weiser M, Cheng W, Cloninger R, Curtis D, Gejman PV, Henskens F, Mattingsdal M, Oh SY, Scott R, Webb B, Breen G, Churchhouse C, Bulik CM, Daly M, Dichgans M, Faraone SV, Guerreiro R, Holmans P, Kendler KS, Koeleman B, Mathews CA, Price A, Scharf J, Sklar P, Williams J, Wood NW, Cotsapas C, Palotie A, Smoller JW, Sullivan P, Rosand J, Corvin A, Neale BM, Schott JM, Anney R, Elia J, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu M, Edenberg HJ, Murray R. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain. Science 2018; 360:eaap8757. [PMID: 29930110 PMCID: PMC6097237 DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verneri Anttila
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendan Bulik-Sullivan
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jose Bras
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laramie Duncan
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Padhraig Gormley
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaos A Patsopoulos
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phil H Lee
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Turley
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Claudine Berr
- INSERM U1061 - Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, Montpellier, France
- University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Letenneur
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
- Inserm U1245, Rouen, France
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM U1167 LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Université de Lille, U1167, RID-AGE, Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Centre Hosp. Univ Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de biologie François Jacob, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Emmanuelle Duron
- Department of Gerontology, Hôpital Broca, AH-HP, Paris, France
- Hôpital Paul Brousse Université Paris Sud XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and Dept of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Eric B Larson
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Rush Alzheimers Disease Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christine M Hulette
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Layton Aging & Alzheimer's Disease Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology and Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Care Center (PADRECC), Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giancarlo Russo
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH/UZH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Magda Tsolaki
- 1st and 3rd Departments of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petra Proitsi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nick C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harald Hampel
- Sorbonne University, GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), Department of Neurology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM), INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Paris, France
- AXA Research Fund & Sorbonne University Chair, Paris, France
| | - Michael J Owen
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Simon Mead
- Institute of Prion Diseases and MRC Prion Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Rossor
- Department of Neurodegeneration, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, UK
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Department of Psychiatry and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (UIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Boada
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Neurology and Neurogenetics Core, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa Beiser
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, Departments of Neurology and Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center For Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Gerhard Ransmayr
- Department of Neurology II, Kepler University Clinic, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Montserrat Alegret
- Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bendik Winsvold
- Communication and Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Disorders (FORMI), Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Priit Palta
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai-How Farh
- Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ester Cuenca-Leon
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tobias Kurth
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Freilinger
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universitaet Muenchen, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Ran
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Guntram Borck
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juho Wedenoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Markus Schürks
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ville Artto
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Kaunisto
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salli Vepsäläinen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mitja I Kurki
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Hämäläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham Women's Hospital Division of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia Sandor
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bertram Muller-Myhsok
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elizabeth Loehrer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alfons Macaya
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Research Group, VHIR, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Hansen
- Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michel D Ferrari
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea C Belin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dorret Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andreja Avbersek
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Larry Baum
- Centre for Genomic Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel Berkovic
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Australia
| | | | - Russell J Buono
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudia B Catarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Epilepsy Society, Chalfont-St-Peter, Bucks, UK
| | - Patrick Cossette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal and Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, VIB-CMN, Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chantal Depondt
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dennis Dlugos
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Jamnadas-Khoda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reetta Kälviäinen
- Epilepsy Center/Neurocenter, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research, University Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Holger Lerche
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Costin Leu
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London
| | - Dick Lindhout
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Epilepsy Foundation in the Netherlands (SEIN), Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | - Warren Lo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Lowenstein
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark McCormack
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Danish Epilepsy Centre, Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Ping-Wing Ng
- United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Oliver
- Epilepsy Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Michael Privitera
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- UC Gardner Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rodney Radtke
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Thomas Sander
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Steven Schachter
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Schankin
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of Munich Hospital, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Ingrid Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bonn University Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Bucks, UK
| | | | - Michael Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit-Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health University of Genoa, "G. Gaslini" Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Section of Epileptology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - G Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Frank Visscher
- Department of Neurology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Federico Zara
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, G. Gaslini Institute, Genova, Italy
| | - Erin L Heinzen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Marson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Felicitas Becker
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Fritz Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Martinez
- INSERM U1220, IRSD, Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometery, University of Tubingen, Germany
| | | | - Kin Y Mok
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sara Pulit
- Department of Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Holliday
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - John Attia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Thomas Battey
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Boncoraglio
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, University Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Braxton Mitchell
- Dept of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Rothwell
- Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
- Ashford & St Peters NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Astrid Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute - BioISI, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugh Markus
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christina Kourkoulis
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joana Pera
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miriam Raffeld
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Scott Silliman
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Laura M Thornton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Monica Gratacos
- Genes and Disease Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinicum, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - James I Hudson
- Harvard Medical School/McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno,Italy
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica H Baker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Sara E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver S P Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sietske G Helder
- Zorg op Orde BV, Leidschendam, The Netherlands
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological & Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosomatic Medicine of University Clinics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Unna N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie A van Elburg
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Altrecht Mental Health Institute, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department SDB, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Forzan
- UOC Genetica ed Epidemiologica Clinica Az. Ospedaliera, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Docampo
- Department of Human Genetics, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M. Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Mario Maj
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Psychiatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Hana Papezova
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Raquel Rabionet
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Departments of Psychology and Human & Molecular Genetics, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- NORMENT, Div. of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Center for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, and Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health & Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Zentren für Seelische Gesundheit, BBRZ-Med, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - James Mitchell
- School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- BioRealm, Walnut, California, USA
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Walter Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Bru Cormand
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology & Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Mora
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Programa Corporatiu "Neurodevelopment Disorders along Life Span", Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinica Galatea y PAIMM, Mental Health Program for Impaired Physicians, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amaia Hervas
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit, Hospital Universitario Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jan Haavik
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Johansson
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nigel Williams
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
| | - Astrid Dempfle
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Aribert Rothenberger
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robert D Oades
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Arias Vasquez
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alysa E Doyle
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Translational Psychiatry, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christine Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Olga Rivero
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Haukur Palmason
- Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Center of Mental Health, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kate Langley
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Soeren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Genome Center, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Beth Wilmot
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nikolas Molly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Claiton H D Bau
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra K Loo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James J McGough
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eugenio H Grevet
- ADHD Outpatient Clinic, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elise Robinson
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren A Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elena Bacchelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anthony Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Vanessa Bal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Agatino Battaglia
- Stella Maris Clinical Research Institute for Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Pisa, Italy
| | - Catalina Betancur
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rita Cantor
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Geraldine Dawson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederico Duque
- Child Developmental Center, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrew Green
- Dept of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis and Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Pat Levitt
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elena Maestrini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Moreno- De-Luca
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jeremy Parr
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Northumberland, Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Northumberland, UK
| | - Regina Regan
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ellen Wijsman
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edwin Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susan Santangelo
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Robert Debre Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Bernadette Rogé
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
- CERESA, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Tiago Magalhaes
- Genomics Medicine Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Centre on Rare Diseases University College Dublin (ACoRD/UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dan Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert C Thompson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Keith Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Advanced Interventions Service, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Cognitive Genetics and Cognitive Therapy Group, Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schalling
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Jamain
- Inserm U955, Psychiatrie Translationnelle, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est, Créteil, France
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Anna Maaser
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sascha B Fischer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Janice M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - José Guzman-Parra
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Fermin Mayoral
- Unidad de Salud Mental, Hospital Regional Universitario de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - John Rice
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James B Potash
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nick Craddock
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Nicol Ferrier
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Roel Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Eli Stahl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Cologne, Germany
| | - Piotr M Czerski
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ian R Jones
- National Centre for Mental Health, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Till F M Andlauer
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Streit
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tracy Air
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Grant Sinnamon
- Bela Menso Brain and Behaviour Centre, James Cook University, Varsity Lakes, Australia
- Bond University, Faculty of Society and Design, Robina, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Donald J MacIntyre
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margarita Rivera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jakob Grove
- Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing (iSEQ), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine and Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Health and Hospital Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Divya Mehta
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland, Australia
- University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Research and Innovation, GGZ Ingeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eco de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erin Dunn
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qingqin S Li
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert A Schoevers
- Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aartjan Tf Beekman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry GGZ INGEEST, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Viktorin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Arnold
- Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cathy L Barr
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gabriel Bedoya-Berrio
- Grupo de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Camarena
- Depto. Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sao Paulo Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Cath
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen and University Medical Center, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Specialized Trainings, GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Care Services, Assen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eske M Derks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrea Dietrich
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn Figee
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nelson Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gloria Gerber
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Gregory L Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andreas Hartmann
- Centre National Maladie 'Syndrome Rare Gilles de la Tourette', Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Départment de Neurologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Matthew E Hirschtritt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alden Huang
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chaim Huyser
- De Bascule, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Samuel Kuperman
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Christine Lochner
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gholson J Lyon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Sección de Neuropediatría, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene A Malaty
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Athanasios Maras
- Yulius Academy, Yulius Mental Health Organization, Barendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Eurípedes C Miguel
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Clinical Research, Grupo Médico Carracci, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michael S Okun
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Pakstis
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peristera Paschou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kerstin Plessen
- Division of Adolescent and Child Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasily Ramensky
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Institusky 9, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eliana M Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victor Reus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A Richter
- Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark A Riddle
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mary M Robertson
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Rosário
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack F Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Sandor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dan J Stein
- Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fotis Tsetsos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Sarah Weatherall
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tomasz Wolanczyk
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Médecine, Paris, France
- Reference center for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Physiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole McLaughlin
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul S Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hans-Jorgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- INSERM, U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
- IGBMC, CNRS UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | | | - Ana Valencia-Duarte
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Elvira Bramon
- Division of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory,University College London, London, UK
| | - Nancy Buccola
- School of Nursing, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Wiepke Cahn
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Murray Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Brain and Mental Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siow A Chong
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Cohen
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7222 Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, Paris, France
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - James Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Davidson
- Minerva Neurosciences Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lynn DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition and Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lieuwe Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arkin, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Hougaard
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Andrey Khrunin
- Department of Molecular Bases of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Jimmy Lee Chee Keong
- Institute of Mental Health, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Svetlana Limborska
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Carmel Loughland
- Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
- NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kieran C Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Philipps-Universität Marburg and Marburg University Hospital UKGM, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jim van Os
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Pato
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Petryshen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Digby Quested
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Panos Roussos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sibylle G Schwab
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kang Sim
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon-Cheong So
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - John Waddington
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Walters
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mark Weiser
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Wei Cheng
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert Cloninger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Curtis
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Psychiatry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Frans Henskens
- School of Medicine & Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Unit, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sang-Yun Oh
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rodney Scott
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bradley Webb
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gerome Breen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Social Genetics & Developmental Psychiatry Center, MRC, Kings College London, London, UK
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust & King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire Churchhouse
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Daly
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Holmans
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bobby Koeleman
- Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carol A Mathews
- Department of Psychiatry and UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alkes Price
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremiah Scharf
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pamela Sklar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Cardiff University, Medical Research Council Center for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychology, Medicine & Clinical Neuroscience, Cardiff, UK
- Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Sullivan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Analytic Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Richard Anney
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Josephine Elia
- Department of Pediatrics, Nemours A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu
- Alexandru Obregia Clinical Psychiatric Hospital, Biometric Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robin Murray
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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McMillan CT, Lee EB, Jefferson-George K, Naj A, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Wolk DA. Alzheimer's genetic risk is reduced in primary age-related tauopathy: a potential model of resistance? Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 5:927-934. [PMID: 30128317 PMCID: PMC6093846 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Nearly all adults >50 years of age have evidence for neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) and a significant proportion of individuals additionally develop amyloid plaques (Aβ) consistent with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In an effort to identify the independent genetic risk factors for NFTs and Aβ, we investigated genotypic frequencies of AD susceptibility loci between autopsy‐confirmed AD and primary age‐related tauopathy (PART), a neuropathological condition defined by characteristic neurofibrillary tau tangles (NFTs) with minimal or absent Aβ. Methods General linear models assessed the odds of AD (N = 1190) relative to PART (N = 376) neuropathologically confirmed cases from two independent series: the Penn Brain Bank (PENN; AD N = 312; PART N = 65) and National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC; AD N = 878; PART N = 311). We also evaluated the odds of Braak stage NFT burden. Results Three genotypes significantly associated with reduced AD risk relative to PART in the PENN (N = 377) and NACC (N = 1189) cohorts including APOE ε4, APOE ε2, and rs6656401 in the CR1 gene. The genotypes rs6733839 in the BIN1 gene and rs28834970 in the PTK2B gene approached significance in the PENN cohort and were significantly associated with reduced AD risk in the NACC cohort. In a combined cohort analysis (N = 1566), APOE ε4 dosage was highly associated with higher Braak stage of NFT burden in Probable PART and AD, but not Definite PART. Interpretation The presence of genotypic differences between PART and AD suggest that PART can provide a genetic model of NFT risk and potential Aβ resistance to inform disease‐modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Edward B Lee
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Kyra Jefferson-George
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Naj
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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61
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Olm CA, McMillan CT, Irwin DJ, Van Deerlin VM, Cook PA, Gee JC, Grossman M. Longitudinal structural gray matter and white matter MRI changes in presymptomatic progranulin mutation carriers. Neuroimage Clin 2018; 19:497-506. [PMID: 29984158 PMCID: PMC6029561 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mutations in the progranulin (GRN) gene are a major source of inherited frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) spectrum disorders associated with TDP-43 proteinopathy. We use structural MRI to identify regions of baseline differences and longitudinal changes in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in presymptomatic GRN mutation carriers (pGRN+) compared to young controls (yCTL). Methods Cognitively intact first-degree relatives of symptomatic GRN+ FTD patients with identified GRN mutations (pGRN+; N = 11, mean age = 41.4) and matched yCTL (N = 11, mean age = 53.6) were identified. They completed a MRI session with T1-weighted imaging to assess GM density (GMD) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to assess fractional anisotropy (FA). Participants completed a follow-up session with T1 and DWI imaging (pGRN+ mean interval 2.20 years; yCTL mean interval 3.27 years). Annualized changes of GMD and FA were also compared. Results Relative to yCTL, pGRN+ individuals displayed reduced GMD at baseline in bilateral orbitofrontal, insular, and anterior temporal cortices. pGRN+ also showed greater annualized GMD changes than yCTL at follow-up in right orbitofrontal and left occipital cortices. We also observed reduced FA at baseline in bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus, left corticospinal tract, and frontal corpus callosum in pGRN+ relative to yCTL, and pGRN+ displayed greater annualized longitudinal FA change in right superior longitudinal fasciculus and frontal corpus callosum. Conclusions Longitudinal MRI provides evidence of progressive GM and WM changes in pGRN+ participants relative to yCTL. Structural MRI illustrates the natural history of presymptomatic GRN carriers, and may provide an endpoint during disease-modifying treatment trials for pGRN+ individuals at risk for FTD.
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Key Words
- AD, axial diffusivity
- BA, Brodmann area
- CST, corticospinal tract
- DWI, diffusion-weighted imaging
- FA, fractional anisotropy
- FTD, frontotemporal degeneration
- Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
- GM, gray matter
- GMD, gray matter density
- GRN+, symptomatic progranulin mutation carriers
- GRN, progranulin
- IFO, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus
- ILF, inferior longitudinal fasciculus
- Longitudinal
- MD, mean diffusivity
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Neuroimaging
- Presymptomatic
- Progranulin
- RD, radial diffusivity
- ROI, region of interest
- SLF, superior longitudinal fasciculus
- WM, white matter
- eCTL, elderly healthy controls
- pGRN+, presymptomatic progranulin mutation carriers
- yCTL, young healthy controls
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Olm
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David J Irwin
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Philip A Cook
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James C Gee
- Penn Image Computing and Science Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Nicolas A, Kenna KP, Renton AE, Ticozzi N, Faghri F, Chia R, Dominov JA, Kenna BJ, Nalls MA, Keagle P, Rivera AM, van Rheenen W, Murphy NA, van Vugt JJFA, Geiger JT, Van der Spek RA, Pliner HA, Shankaracharya, Smith BN, Marangi G, Topp SD, Abramzon Y, Gkazi AS, Eicher JD, Kenna A, Mora G, Calvo A, Mazzini L, Riva N, Mandrioli J, Caponnetto C, Battistini S, Volanti P, La Bella V, Conforti FL, Borghero G, Messina S, Simone IL, Trojsi F, Salvi F, Logullo FO, D'Alfonso S, Corrado L, Capasso M, Ferrucci L, Moreno CDAM, Kamalakaran S, Goldstein DB, Gitler AD, Harris T, Myers RM, Phatnani H, Musunuri RL, Evani US, Abhyankar A, Zody MC, Kaye J, Finkbeiner S, Wyman SK, LeNail A, Lima L, Fraenkel E, Svendsen CN, Thompson LM, Van Eyk JE, Berry JD, Miller TM, Kolb SJ, Cudkowicz M, Baxi E, Benatar M, Taylor JP, Rampersaud E, Wu G, Wuu J, Lauria G, Verde F, Fogh I, Tiloca C, Comi GP, Sorarù G, Cereda C, Corcia P, Laaksovirta H, Myllykangas L, Jansson L, Valori M, Ealing J, Hamdalla H, Rollinson S, Pickering-Brown S, Orrell RW, Sidle KC, Malaspina A, Hardy J, Singleton AB, Johnson JO, Arepalli S, Sapp PC, McKenna-Yasek D, Polak M, Asress S, Al-Sarraj S, King A, Troakes C, Vance C, de Belleroche J, Baas F, Ten Asbroek ALMA, Muñoz-Blanco JL, Hernandez DG, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Scholz SW, Floeter MK, Campbell RH, Landi F, Bowser R, Pulst SM, Ravits JM, MacGowan DJL, Kirby J, Pioro EP, Pamphlett R, Broach J, Gerhard G, Dunckley TL, Brady CB, Kowall NW, Troncoso JC, Le Ber I, Mouzat K, Lumbroso S, Heiman-Patterson TD, Kamel F, Van Den Bosch L, Baloh RH, Strom TM, Meitinger T, Shatunov A, Van Eijk KR, de Carvalho M, Kooyman M, Middelkoop B, Moisse M, McLaughlin RL, Van Es MA, Weber M, Boylan KB, Van Blitterswijk M, Rademakers R, Morrison KE, Basak AN, Mora JS, Drory VE, Shaw PJ, Turner MR, Talbot K, Hardiman O, Williams KL, Fifita JA, Nicholson GA, Blair IP, Rouleau GA, Esteban-Pérez J, García-Redondo A, Al-Chalabi A, Rogaeva E, Zinman L, Ostrow LW, Maragakis NJ, Rothstein JD, Simmons Z, Cooper-Knock J, Brice A, Goutman SA, Feldman EL, Gibson SB, Taroni F, Ratti A, Gellera C, Van Damme P, Robberecht W, Fratta P, Sabatelli M, Lunetta C, Ludolph AC, Andersen PM, Weishaupt JH, Camu W, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Brown RH, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH, Harms MB, Glass JD, Stone DJ, Tienari P, Silani V, Chiò A, Shaw CE, Traynor BJ, Landers JE. Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene. Neuron 2018; 97:1267-1288. [PMID: 29566793 PMCID: PMC5867896 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Nicolas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alan E Renton
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruth Chia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janice A Dominov
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Brendan J Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Pamela Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alberto M Rivera
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Natalie A Murphy
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joke J F A van Vugt
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua T Geiger
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rick A Van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah A Pliner
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Giuseppe Marangi
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University, Roma, Italy
| | - Simon D Topp
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Yevgeniya Abramzon
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Athina Soragia Gkazi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - John D Eicher
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aoife Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gabriele Mora
- ALS Center, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Mistretta, Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nilo Riva
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neuroscience, St. Agostino Estense Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Caponnetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Rehabilitation, Maternal and Child Health, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefania Battistini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Volanti
- ALS Center, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCCS, Mistretta, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Francesca L Conforti
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Mangone, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borghero
- Department of Neurology, Azienda Universitario Ospedaliera di Cagliari and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sonia Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina and Nemo Sud Clinical Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Aurora Foundation, Messina, Italy
| | - Isabella L Simone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salvi
- "Il Bene" Center for Immunological and Rare Neurological Diseases at Bellaria Hospital, IRCCS, Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tim Harris
- Bioverativ, 225 2nd Avenue, Waltham, MA 02145, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CGND), New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael C Zody
- Computational Biology, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Kaye
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stacia K Wyman
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alex LeNail
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Leandro Lima
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Leslie M Thompson
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Institute of Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Institute of Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- The Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James D Berry
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA; Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen J Kolb
- Department of Neurology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, MA, USA; Neurological Clinical Research Institute (NCRI), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Baxi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- 3rd Neurology Unit, Motor Neuron Diseases Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco," University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Hannu Laaksovirta
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-02900, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lilja Jansson
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-02900, Finland
| | - Miko Valori
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-02900, Finland
| | - John Ealing
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Hisham Hamdalla
- Greater Manchester Neurosciences Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
| | - Sara Rollinson
- Faculty of Human and Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Richard W Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PG, UK
| | - Katie C Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square House, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, NorthEast London and Essex Regional Motor Neuron Disease Care Centre, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square House, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Andrew B Singleton
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janel O Johnson
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Genomics Technology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Diane McKenna-Yasek
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Seneshaw Asress
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Caroline Vance
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | | | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - José Luis Muñoz-Blanco
- ALS-Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IISGM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Genomics Technology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sonja W Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mary Kay Floeter
- Motor Neuron Disorders Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roy H Campbell
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Francesco Landi
- Center for Geriatric Medicine, Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopedics, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Robert Bowser
- Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John M Ravits
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J L MacGowan
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Erik P Pioro
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Discipline of Pathology, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - James Broach
- Department of Biochemistry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Glenn Gerhard
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Travis L Dunckley
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher B Brady
- Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Neurology Service, VA Boston Healthcare System and Boston University Alzheimer's Disease Center, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Departments of Pathology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle (ICM), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kevin Mouzat
- INM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biochemistry, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Serge Lumbroso
- INM, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Department of Biochemistry, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Terry D Heiman-Patterson
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Freya Kamel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robert H Baloh
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kristel R Van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Bas Middelkoop
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Michael A Van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Center/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Kevin B Boylan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - A Nazli Basak
- Suna and Inan Kırac Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jesús S Mora
- ALS Unit/Neurology, Hospital San Rafael, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivian E Drory
- Department of Neurology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Centre, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin R Turner
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Kelly L Williams
- Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Ian P Blair
- Centre for MND Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Lorne Zinman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | | | | | - Zachary Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et la Moelle (ICM), Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Summer B Gibson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta," Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Philip Van Damme
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Robberecht
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Neurology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- Centro Clinico NeMO, Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEuroMuscular Omnicenter (NEMO), Serena Onlus Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå SE-90185, Sweden
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Neurology Department, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - William Camu
- ALS Center, CHU Gui de Chauliac, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - David J Stone
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and Molecular Neurology Programme, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-02900, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center - Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Torino, Turin 10124, Italy
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Porter Neuroscience Research Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Gentile C, Van Deerlin VM, Goldberg DS, Reese PP, Hasz RD, Abt P, Blumberg E, Farooqi MS. Hepatitis C virus genotyping of organ donor samples to aid in transplantation of HCV-positive organs. Clin Transplant 2017; 32. [PMID: 29220079 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Given the availability of new highly efficacious anti-HCV therapies, some clinicians have advocated for wider use of kidneys from hepatitis C virus-positive (HCV+) donors, including transplanting them into HCV-negative recipients. As treatment regimens for HCV are commonly guided by genotype, pretransplant HCV genotyping of tissue donors would be beneficial. To our knowledge, donor HCV genotyping has never been reported. We retrieved archived frozen plasma samples for 17 previous organ donors through a local organ procurement organization. We performed HCV genotyping using the eSensor HCVg Direct Test (GenMark Diagnostics) and also by Sanger sequencing, for confirmation (Retrogen). In addition, viral loads were measured using the COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan system (Roche Diagnostics). We found that most of the samples (n = 14) were HCV Genotype 1a with the remainder being Genotype 2b (n = 1) or Genotype 3 (n = 2). All genotyping results were concordant with Sanger sequencing. The average HCV viral load in the sample group was ~ 1.6 million IU/mL (range: ~16 000 IU/mL to 7 million IU/mL). We demonstrate that viral RNA from organ donor plasma can be successfully genotyped for HCV. This ability suggests that transplantation of HCV+ kidneys into HCV-negative recipients, followed by genotype-guided antiviral therapy, could be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Gentile
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David S Goldberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter P Reese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Peter Abt
- Division of Transplant Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily Blumberg
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Midhat S Farooqi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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64
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Yousef A, Robinson JL, Irwin DJ, Byrne MD, Kwong LK, Lee EB, Xu Y, Xie SX, Rennert L, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Neuron loss and degeneration in the progression of TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:68. [PMID: 28877758 PMCID: PMC5586052 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) is associated with the accumulation of pathological neuronal and glial intracytoplasmic inclusions as well as accompanying neuron loss. We explored if cortical neurons detected by NeuN decreased with increasing TDP-43 inclusion pathology in the postmortem brains of 63 patients with sporadic and familial FTLD-TDP. Semi-automated quantitative algorithms to quantify histology in tissue sections stained with antibodies specific for pathological or phosphorylated TDP-43 (pTDP-43) and NeuN were developed and validated in affected (cerebral cortex) and minimally affected (cerebellar cortex) brain regions of FTLD-TDP cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NeuN and other neuronal markers found numerous neurons lacking reactivity, suggesting NeuN may reflect neuron health rather than neuron loss in FTLD. We found three patterns of NeuN and pTDP-43 reactivity in our sample of cortical tissue representing three intracortical region-specific stages of FTLD-TDP progression: Group 1 showed low levels of pathological pTDP-43 and high levels NeuN, while Group 2 showed increased levels of pTDP-43, and Group 3 tissues were characterized by reduced staining for both pTDP-43 and NeuN. Comparison of non-C9orf72/GRN FTLD-TDP with cases linked to both GRN mutations and C9orf72 expansions showed a significantly increased frequency of Group 3 histopathology in the latter cases, suggesting more advanced cortical disease. Hence, we propose that IHC profiles of pTDP-43 and NeuN reflect the burden of pTDP-43 and its deleterious effects on neuron health.
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65
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Sims R, van der Lee SJ, Naj AC, Bellenguez C, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Kunkle BW, Boland A, Raybould R, Bis JC, Martin ER, Grenier-Boley B, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Chouraki V, Kuzma AB, Sleegers K, Vronskaya M, Ruiz A, Graham RR, Olaso R, Hoffmann P, Grove ML, Vardarajan BN, Hiltunen M, Nöthen MM, White CC, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Epelbaum J, Maier W, Choi SH, Beecham GW, Dulary C, Herms S, Smith AV, Funk CC, Derbois C, Forstner AJ, Ahmad S, Li H, Bacq D, Harold D, Satizabal CL, Valladares O, Squassina A, Thomas R, Brody JA, Qu L, Sánchez-Juan P, Morgan T, Wolters FJ, Zhao Y, Garcia FS, Denning N, Fornage M, Malamon J, Naranjo MCD, Majounie E, Mosley TH, Dombroski B, Wallon D, Lupton MK, Dupuis J, Whitehead P, Fratiglioni L, Medway C, Jian X, Mukherjee S, Keller L, Brown K, Lin H, Cantwell LB, Panza F, McGuinness B, Moreno-Grau S, Burgess JD, Solfrizzi V, Proitsi P, Adams HH, Allen M, Seripa D, Pastor P, Cupples LA, Price ND, Hannequin D, Frank-García A, Levy D, Chakrabarty P, Caffarra P, Giegling I, Beiser AS, Giedraitis V, Hampel H, Garcia ME, Wang X, Lannfelt L, Mecocci P, Eiriksdottir G, Crane PK, Pasquier F, Boccardi V, Henández I, Barber RC, Scherer M, Tarraga L, Adams PM, Leber M, Chen Y, Albert MS, Riedel-Heller S, Emilsson V, Beekly D, Braae A, Schmidt R, Blacker D, Masullo C, Schmidt H, Doody RS, Spalletta G, Longstreth WT, Fairchild TJ, Bossù P, Lopez OL, Frosch MP, Sacchinelli E, Ghetti B, Yang Q, Huebinger RM, Jessen F, Li S, Kamboh MI, Morris J, Sotolongo-Grau O, Katz MJ, Corcoran C, Dunstan M, Braddel A, Thomas C, Meggy A, Marshall R, Gerrish A, Chapman J, Aguilar M, Taylor S, Hill M, Fairén MD, Hodges A, Vellas B, Soininen H, Kloszewska I, Daniilidou M, Uphill J, Patel Y, Hughes JT, Lord J, Turton J, Hartmann AM, Cecchetti R, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Arcaro M, Caltagirone C, Orfei MD, Ciaramella A, Pichler S, Mayhaus M, Gu W, Lleó A, Fortea J, Blesa R, Barber IS, Brookes K, Cupidi C, Maletta RG, Carrell D, Sorbi S, Moebus S, Urbano M, Pilotto A, Kornhuber J, Bosco P, Todd S, Craig D, Johnston J, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Fox NC, Hardy J, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Asthana S, Atwood CS, Baldwin CT, Barnes LL, Barral S, Beach TG, Becker JT, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Boeve BF, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Burns JM, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carlsson CM, Carney RM, Carrasquillo MM, Carroll SL, Diaz CC, Chui HC, Clark DG, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Dick M, Duara R, Evans DA, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Fardo DW, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Foroud TM, Galasko DR, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Honig LS, Huentelman MJ, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jarvik GP, Abner E, Jin LW, Jun G, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lunetta KL, Lyketsos CG, Marson DC, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Morris JC, Murrell JR, Myers AJ, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Pankratz VS, Parisi JE, Paulson HL, Perry W, Peskind E, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rogaeva E, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sager MA, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Garzia F, Golamaully F, Septier G, Engelborghs S, Vandenberghe R, De Deyn PP, Fernadez CM, Benito YA, Thonberg H, Forsell C, Lilius L, Kinhult-Stählbom A, Kilander L, Brundin R, Concari L, Helisalmi S, Koivisto AM, Haapasalo A, Dermecourt V, Fievet N, Hanon O, Dufouil C, Brice A, Ritchie K, Dubois B, Himali JJ, Keene CD, Tschanz J, Fitzpatrick AL, Kukull WA, Norton M, Aspelund T, Larson EB, Munger R, Rotter JI, Lipton RB, Bullido MJ, Hofman A, Montine TJ, Coto E, Boerwinkle E, Petersen RC, Alvarez V, Rivadeneira F, Reiman EM, Gallo M, O'Donnell CJ, Reisch JS, Bruni AC, Royall DR, Dichgans M, Sano M, Galimberti D, St George-Hyslop P, Scarpini E, Tsuang DW, Mancuso M, Bonuccelli U, Winslow AR, Daniele A, Wu CK, Peters O, Nacmias B, Riemenschneider M, Heun R, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Bras J, Guerreiro R, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Collinge J, Mann D, Tsolaki M, Clarimón J, Sussams R, Lovestone S, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ, Behrens TW, Mead S, Goate AM, Uitterlinden AG, Holmes C, Cruchaga C, Ingelsson M, Bennett DA, Powell J, Golde TE, Graff C, De Jager PL, Morgan K, Ertekin-Taner N, Combarros O, Psaty BM, Passmore P, Younkin SG, Berr C, Gudnason V, Rujescu D, Dickson DW, Dartigues JF, DeStefano AL, Ortega-Cubero S, Hakonarson H, Campion D, Boada M, Kauwe JK, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, Ikram MA, Jones L, Haines JL, Tzourio C, Launer LJ, Escott-Price V, Mayeux R, Deleuze JF, Amin N, Holmans PA, Pericak-Vance MA, Amouyel P, van Duijn CM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Lambert JC, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD. Rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3, and TREM2 implicate microglial-mediated innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1373-1384. [PMID: 28714976 PMCID: PMC5669039 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We identified rare coding variants associated with Alzheimer's disease in a three-stage case-control study of 85,133 subjects. In stage 1, we genotyped 34,174 samples using a whole-exome microarray. In stage 2, we tested associated variants (P < 1 × 10-4) in 35,962 independent samples using de novo genotyping and imputed genotypes. In stage 3, we used an additional 14,997 samples to test the most significant stage 2 associations (P < 5 × 10-8) using imputed genotypes. We observed three new genome-wide significant nonsynonymous variants associated with Alzheimer's disease: a protective variant in PLCG2 (rs72824905: p.Pro522Arg, P = 5.38 × 10-10, odds ratio (OR) = 0.68, minor allele frequency (MAF)cases = 0.0059, MAFcontrols = 0.0093), a risk variant in ABI3 (rs616338: p.Ser209Phe, P = 4.56 × 10-10, OR = 1.43, MAFcases = 0.011, MAFcontrols = 0.008), and a new genome-wide significant variant in TREM2 (rs143332484: p.Arg62His, P = 1.55 × 10-14, OR = 1.67, MAFcases = 0.0143, MAFcontrols = 0.0089), a known susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease. These protein-altering changes are in genes highly expressed in microglia and highlight an immune-related protein-protein interaction network enriched for previously identified risk genes in Alzheimer's disease. These genetic findings provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated innate immune response contributes directly to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Sims
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology/Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Céline Bellenguez
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anne Boland
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Grenier-Boley
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vincent Chouraki
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda B Kuzma
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristel Sleegers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maria Vronskaya
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Agustin Ruiz
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert R Graham
- Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Olaso
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Megan L Grove
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles C White
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR 894, Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, INSERM, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Seung-Hoan Choi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cécile Dulary
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital and Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Cory C Funk
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Céline Derbois
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life &Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hongdong Li
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Delphine Bacq
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Denise Harold
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Otto Valladares
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rhodri Thomas
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Liming Qu
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascual Sánchez-Juan
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Taniesha Morgan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Frank J Wolters
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yi Zhao
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nicola Denning
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Malamon
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Elisa Majounie
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Departments of Medicine, Geriatrics, Gerontology and Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Beth Dombroski
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Wallon
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville les Rouen, France
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrice Whitehead
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Medway
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xueqiu Jian
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lina Keller
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Honghuang Lin
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Bernadette McGuinness
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Sonia Moreno-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jeremy D Burgess
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Geriatric Medicine-Memory Unit and Rare Disease Centre, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Petra Proitsi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hieab H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Davide Seripa
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pau Pastor
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Didier Hannequin
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
- Department of Neurology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Ana Frank-García
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital La Paz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Levy
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Paolo Caffarra
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Disorders AUSL, Parma, Italy
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund and UPMC Chair, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A) and Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Melissa E Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France
- INSERM UMRS 1171, CNR-Maj, Lille, France
| | - Virginia Boccardi
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Isabel Henández
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert C Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lluis Tarraga
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Perrie M Adams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuning Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steffi Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anne Braae
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlo Masullo
- Department of Neurology, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rachelle S Doody
- Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - W T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Fairchild
- Office of Strategy and Measurement, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Paola Bossù
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eleonora Sacchinelli
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan M Huebinger
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Frank Jessen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Oscar Sotolongo-Grau
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Chris Corcoran
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Melanie Dunstan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Braddel
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlene Thomas
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alun Meggy
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachel Marshall
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amy Gerrish
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jade Chapman
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Miquel Aguilar
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matt Hill
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Mònica Díez Fairén
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Fundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno Vellas
- INSERM U558, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Iwona Kloszewska
- Elderly and Psychiatric Disorders Department, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Makrina Daniilidou
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychiatry for the Elderly, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - James Uphill
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yogen Patel
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph T Hughes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James Turton
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Roberta Cecchetti
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donata Orfei
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ciaramella
- Experimental Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pichler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Manuel Mayhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Saarland, Germany
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Fortea
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Blesa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imelda S Barber
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keeley Brookes
- Schools of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - David Carrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- NEUROFARBA (Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS 'Don Carlo Gnocchi', Florence, Italy
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Urbano
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Alberto Pilotto
- Geriatric Unit and Gerontology-Geriatrics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paolo Bosco
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Associazione Oasi Maria Santissima Srl, Troina, Italy
| | - Stephen Todd
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - David Craig
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Janet Johnston
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Michael Gill
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoibhinn Lynch
- Mercers Institute for Research on Aging, St. James Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nick C Fox
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Craig S Atwood
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sandra Barral
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Burns
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Chris S Carlson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carolina Ceballos Diaz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurology, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David W Fardo
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin Abner
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, College of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel C Marson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine-Pulmonary, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Wayne C McCormick
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew N McDavid
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sid O'Bryant
- Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Vernon S Pankratz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Henry L Paulson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roger N Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Russell H Swerdlow
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tricia A Thornton-Wells
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kirk C Wilhelmsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas S Wingo
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fabienne Garzia
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Feroze Golamaully
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Gislain Septier
- CEA/Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage, Evry, France
| | - Sebastien Engelborghs
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carmen Muñoz Fernadez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yoland Aladro Benito
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hakan Thonberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Forsell
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Lilius
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Kinhult-Stählbom
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Genetics Unit, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - RoseMarie Brundin
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Letizia Concari
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Center for Cognitive Disorders AUSL, Parma, Italy
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Maria Koivisto
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vincent Dermecourt
- CHU Lille, Memory Center of Lille (Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche), Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Fievet
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Geriatrics Department, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hanon
- University Paris Descartes, EA 4468, AP-HP, Hôpital Broca, Geriatrics Department, Paris, France
| | - Carole Dufouil
- University of Bordeaux, Neuroepidemiology, Bordeaux, France
- INSERM, Neuroepidemiology, UMR 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- INSERM U1061, La Colombière Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Institut des Neurosciences Translationnelles de Paris (IHU-A-ICM), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- INSERM, CNRS, UMRS 975, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - JoAnn Tschanz
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Maria Norton
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Centre for Public Health, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ron Munger
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - María J Bullido
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital la Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Eliecer Coto
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Victoria Alvarez
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory-Hospital, University of Central Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium on Health Aging and National Genomics Initiative, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre (CRN), ASP Catanzaro, Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | | | - Joan S Reisch
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Donald R Royall
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Family and Community Medicine and South Texas Veterans Health Administration Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Martin Dichgans
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ashley R Winslow
- PharmaTherapeutics Clinical Research, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antonio Daniele
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth, Rome, Italy
| | - Chuang-Kuo Wu
- Departments of Neurology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- NEUROFARBA (Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- IRCCS 'Don Carlo Gnocchi', Florence, Italy
| | | | - Reinhard Heun
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carol Brayne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jose Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Collinge
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - David Mann
- Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- 3rd Department of Neurology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jordi Clarimón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Memory Unit, Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebecca Sussams
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael J Owen
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Immunology Biomarkers Group, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon Mead
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Clive Holmes
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System/GRECC, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Todd E Golde
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Caroline Graff
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, KIADRC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Morgan
- Institute of Genetics, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Onofre Combarros
- Neurology Service and CIBERNED, 'Marqués de Valdecilla' University Hospital (University of Cantabria and IFIMAV), Santander, Spain
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Claudine Berr
- Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer (IM2A), Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Memory Research and Resources Center, CMRR of Montpellier, Department of Neurology, Hospital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Anita L DeStefano
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Centre for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dominique Campion
- Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville les Rouen, France
- INSERM U1079, Rouen University, IRIB, Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Merce Boada
- Research Center and Memory Clinic of Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Keoni Kauwe
- Departments of Biology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine (Genetics Program), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine Van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lesley Jones
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Paris, France
- University of Bordeaux, Neuroepidemiology, UMR 897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Valentina Escott-Price
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A Holmans
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille, France
| | | | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Li-San Wang
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- INSERM, U1167, RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University Lille, U1167-Excellence Laboratory LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julie Williams
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kovacs GG, Robinson JL, Xie SX, Lee EB, Grossman M, Wolk DA, Irwin DJ, Weintraub D, Kim CF, Schuck T, Yousef A, Wagner ST, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Evaluating the Patterns of Aging-Related Tau Astrogliopathy Unravels Novel Insights Into Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2017; 76:270-288. [PMID: 28340083 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "aging-related tau astrogliopathy" (ARTAG) describes pathological accumulation of abnormally phosphorylated tau protein in astrocytes. We evaluated the correlates of ARTAG types (i.e., subpial, subependymal, white and gray matter, and perivascular) in different neuroanatomical regions. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic (eg, APOE ε4 allele, MAPT H1/H2 haplotype) data from 628 postmortem brains from subjects were investigated; most of the patients had been longitudinally followed at the University of Pennsylvania. We found that (i) the amygdala is a hotspot for all ARTAG types; (ii) age at death, male sex, and presence of primary frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) tauopathy are significantly associated with ARTAG; (iii) age at death, greater degree of brain atrophy, ventricular enlargement, and Alzheimer disease (AD)-related variables are associated with subpial, white matter, and perivascular ARTAG types; (iv) AD-related variables are associated particularly with lobar white matter ARTAG; and (v) gray matter ARTAG in primary FTLD-tauopathies appears in areas without neuronal tau pathology. We provide a reference map of ARTAG types and propose at least 5 constellations of ARTAG. Furthermore, we propose a conceptual link between primary FTLD-tauopathy and ARTAG-related astrocytic tau pathologies. Our observations serve as a basis for etiological stratification and definition of progression patterns of ARTAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher F Kim
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Theresa Schuck
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ahmed Yousef
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Eunran Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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67
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Lee EB, Porta S, Michael Baer G, Xu Y, Suh E, Kwong LK, Elman L, Grossman M, Lee VMY, Irwin DJ, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ. Expansion of the classification of FTLD-TDP: distinct pathology associated with rapidly progressive frontotemporal degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 134:65-78. [PMID: 28130640 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP) can typically be categorized into one of four distinct histopathologic patterns of TDP-43 pathology, types A to D. The strength of this histopathologic classification lies in the association between FTLD-TDP subtypes and various clinical and genetic features of disease. Seven cases of FTLD-TDP were identified here which were difficult to classify based on existing pathologic criteria. Distinct features common to these cases included TDP-43 aggregates over a wide neuroanatomic distribution comprised of granulofilamentous neuronal inclusions, abundant grains, and oligodendroglial inclusions. TDP-43 aggregates were phosphorylated and associated with loss of normal nuclear TDP-43 protein (nuclear clearance) but were negative for ubiquitin. Biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of insoluble and phosphorylated TDP-43 and also revealed a distinct pattern of TDP-43 C-terminal fragments relative to other FTLD-TDP subtypes. Finally, these cases were uniformly associated with a very rapid clinical course culminating in death within ~3 years of disease onset. We suggest that these cases may represent a unique clinicopathologic subtype of FTLD-TDP which we provisionally call "type E." The immature appearance of TDP-43 aggregates, widespread distribution, uniform biochemical profile and rapid clinical course highlights the clinical and pathologic variability within FTLD-TDP, and raises the possibility that type E neuropathology is the sequelae of a particularly virulent strain of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 613A Stellar Chance Laboratories, 422 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sílvia Porta
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G Michael Baer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - EunRan Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Linda K Kwong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Deming Y, Kapoor M, Li Z, Harari O, Black K, Del‐Aguila JL, Carrell D, Cai Y, Fernandez MV, Budde JP, Ma S, Saef B, Howells B, Huang K, Bertelsen S, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Kim S, Saykin AJ, De Jager PL, Albert MS, Moghekar A, O'Brien R, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Van Deerlin VM, M‐Y Lee V, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Schellenberg GD, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak‐Vance MA, Farrer LA, Peskind ER, Li G, Molinuevo JL, Lleó A, Clarimon J, Pastor P, Di Narzo A, Piccio L, Kauwe J, Goate AM, Cruchaga C. [O1–11–03]: CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ENDOPHENOTYPES PROVIDE INSIGHT INTO BIOLOGY UNDERLYING ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
- Washington University in Saint LouisSaint LouisMOUSA
- Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMOUSA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Zeran Li
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | - David Carrell
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Yefei Cai
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | - John P. Budde
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Shengmei Ma
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Bill Howells
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Kuan‐lin Huang
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | - John C. Morris
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | - Abhay Moghekar
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | - Richard Mayeux
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | - Ge Li
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - José Luis Molinuevo
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry LaboratorySahlgrenska University HospitalMölndalSweden
| | - Alberto Lleó
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Jordi Clarimon
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Pau Pastor
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - Antonio Di Narzo
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
- Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMOUSA
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Laura Piccio
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
| | - John Kauwe
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMOUSA
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69
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Statt SN, Suh ER, Thibert JR, Van Deerlin VM, Latham GJ. [P3–072]: MULTI‐SITE EVALUATION OF THE AMPLIDEX® PCR/CE
TOMM40
KIT FOR RAPID AND ACCURATE GENOTYPING OF POLY‐T LENGTH POLYMORPHISMS AT RS10524523 OF THE
TOMM40
GENE. Alzheimers Dement 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.06.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - EunRan R. Suh
- Perelman School of Medicine at University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
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70
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Diamond JM, Cantu E, Porteous M, Suzuki Y, Meyer KC, Lederer D, Milewski RK, Arcasoy S, D’Ovidio F, Bacchetta M, Sonett JR, Singh G, Costa J, Tobias JW, Rodriguez H, Van Deerlin VM, Olthoff KM, Shaked A, Chang BL, Christie JD. Peripheral Blood Gene Expression Changes Associated With Primary Graft Dysfunction After Lung Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:1770-1777. [PMID: 28117940 PMCID: PMC5489369 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recipient responses to primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation may have important implications to the fate of the allograft. We therefore evaluated longitudinal differences in peripheral blood gene expression in subjects with PGD. RNA expression was measured throughout the first transplant year in 106 subjects enrolled in the Clinical Trials in Organ Transplantation-03 study using a panel of 100 hypothesis-driven genes. PGD was defined as grade 3 in the first 72 posttransplant hours. Eighteen genes were differentially expressed over the first year based on PGD development, with significant representation from innate and adaptive immunity genes, with most differences identified very early after transplant. Sixteen genes were overexpressed in the blood of patients with PGD compared to those without PGD within 7 days of allograft reperfusion, with most transcripts encoding innate immune/inflammasome-related proteins, including genes previously associated with PGD. Thirteen genes were underexpressed in patients with PGD compared to those without PGD within 7 days of transplant, highlighted by T cell and adaptive immune regulation genes. Differences in gene expression present within 2 h of reperfusion and persist for days after transplant. Future investigation will focus on the long-term implications of these gene expression differences on the outcome of the allograft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M. Diamond
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Porteous
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yoshikazu Suzuki
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Keith C. Meyer
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - David Lederer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Rita K. Milewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Selim Arcasoy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Frank D’Ovidio
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Matthew Bacchetta
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Joshua R. Sonett
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Gopal Singh
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Costa
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - John W. Tobias
- Penn Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hetty Rodriguez
- Penn Molecular Profiling Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kim M. Olthoff
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Abraham Shaked
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bao-Li Chang
- Penn Transplant Institute, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jason D. Christie
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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71
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Goldberg DS, Abt PL, Blumberg EA, Van Deerlin VM, Levine M, Reddy KR, Bloom RD, Nazarian SM, Sawinski D, Porrett P, Naji A, Hasz R, Suplee L, Trofe-Clark J, Sicilia A, McCauley M, Farooqi M, Gentile C, Smith J, Reese PP. Trial of Transplantation of HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:2394-2395. [PMID: 28459186 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1705221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter L Abt
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy D Bloom
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Ali Naji
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Davis MY, Johnson CO, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Chen-Plotkin A, Van Deerlin VM, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson-Hiller AL, Rosenthal LS, Dawson TM, Albert MS, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Bernard B, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Dickson DW, Eidelberg D, Mattis PJ, Niethammer M, Yearout D, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Smith M, Mata IF, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. Association of GBA Mutations and the E326K Polymorphism With Motor and Cognitive Progression in Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2017; 73:1217-1224. [PMID: 27571329 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Parkinson disease (PD) is heterogeneous in symptom manifestation and rate of progression. Identifying factors that influence disease progression could provide mechanistic insight, improve prognostic accuracy, and elucidate novel therapeutic targets. Objective To determine whether GBA mutations and the E326K polymorphism modify PD symptom progression. Design, Setting, and Participants The entire GBA coding region was screened for mutations and E326K in 740 patients with PD enrolled at 7 sites from the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium. Detailed longitudinal motor and cognitive assessments were performed with patients in the on state. Main Outcomes and Measures Linear regression was used to test for an association between GBA genotype and motor progression, with the Movement Disorder Society-sponsored version of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III) score at the last assessment as the outcome and GBA genotype as the independent variable, with adjustment for levodopa equivalent dose, sex, age, disease duration, MDS-UPDRS III score at the first assessment, duration of follow-up, and site. Similar methods were used to examine the association between genotype and tremor and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) scores. To examine the effect of GBA genotype on cognitive progression, patients were classified into those with conversion to mild cognitive impairment or dementia during the study (progression) and those without progression. The association between GBA genotype and progression status was then tested using logistic regression, adjusting for sex, age, disease duration, duration of follow-up, years of education, and site. Results Of the total sample of 733 patients who underwent successful genotyping, 226 (30.8%) were women and 507 (69.2%) were men (mean [SD] age, 68.1 [8.8] years). The mean (SD) duration of follow-up was 3.0 (1.7) years. GBA mutations (β = 4.65; 95% CI, 1.72-7.58; P = .002), E326K (β = 3.42; 95% CI, 0.66-6.17; P = .02), and GBA variants combined as a single group (β = 4.01; 95% CI, 1.95-6.07; P = 1.5 × 10-4) were associated with a more rapid decline in MDS-UPDRS III score. Combined GBA variants (β = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23-0.53; P = .01) and E326K (β = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.86; P = .002) were associated with faster progression in PIGD scores, but not in tremor scores. A significantly higher proportion of E326K carriers (10 of 21 [47.6%]; P = .01) and GBA variant carriers (15 of 39 [38.5%]; P = .04) progressed to mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Conclusions and Relevance GBA variants predict a more rapid progression of cognitive dysfunction and motor symptoms in patients with PD, with a greater effect on PIGD than tremor. Thus, GBA variants influence the heterogeneity in symptom progression observed in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Y Davis
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Catherine O Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon8Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon8Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Amie L Peterson-Hiller
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon8Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland10Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neurodegeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland10Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland11Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland12Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer G Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bryan Bernard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York17Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Paul J Mattis
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York17Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Martin Niethammer
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York
| | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington18Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Megan Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
| | - Ignacio F Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
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Akhtar RS, Xie SX, Chen YJ, Rick J, Gross RG, Nasrallah IM, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Chen-Plotkin AS, Hurtig HI, Siderowf AD, Dubroff JG, Weintraub D. Regional brain amyloid-β accumulation associates with domain-specific cognitive performance in Parkinson disease without dementia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177924. [PMID: 28542444 PMCID: PMC5444629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease patients develop clinically significant cognitive impairment at variable times over their disease course, which is often preceded by milder deficits in memory, visuo-spatial, and executive domains. The significance of amyloid-β accumulation to these problems is unclear. We hypothesized that amyloid-β PET imaging by 18F-florbetapir, a radiotracer that detects fibrillar amyloid-β plaque deposits, would identify subjects with global cognitive impairment or poor performance in individual cognitive domains in non-demented Parkinson disease patients. We assessed 61 non-demented Parkinson disease patients with detailed cognitive assessments and 18F-florbetapir PET brain imaging. Scans were interpreted qualitatively (positive or negative) by two independent nuclear medicine physicians blinded to clinical data, and quantitatively by a novel volume-weighted method. The presence of mild cognitive impairment was determined through an expert consensus process using Level 1 criteria from the Movement Disorder Society. Nineteen participants (31.2%) were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment and the remainder had normal cognition. Qualitative 18F-florbetapir PET imaging was positive in 15 participants (24.6%). Increasing age and presence of an APOE ε4 allele were associated with higher composite 18F-florbetapir binding. In multivariable models, an abnormal 18F-florbetapir scan by expert rating was not associated with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. However, 18F-florbetapir retention values in the posterior cingulate gyrus inversely correlated with verbal memory performance. Retention values in the frontal cortex, precuneus, and anterior cingulate gyrus retention values inversely correlated with naming performance. Regional cortical amyloid-β amyloid, as measured by 18F-florbetapir PET, may be a biomarker of specific cognitive deficits in non-demented Parkinson disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan S. Akhtar
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sharon X. Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yin J. Chen
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Rick
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rachel G. Gross
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ilya M. Nasrallah
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alice S. Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Howard I. Hurtig
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Siderowf
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- AVID Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jacob G. Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Parkinson’s Disease and Mental Health Research, Education, and Clinical Centers (PADRECC and MIRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Giannini LAA, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Ash S, Rascovsky K, Wolk DA, Van Deerlin VM, Lee EB, Trojanowski JQ, Grossman M. Clinical marker for Alzheimer disease pathology in logopenic primary progressive aphasia. Neurology 2017; 88:2276-2284. [PMID: 28515265 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether logopenic features of phonologic loop dysfunction reflect Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathology in primary progressive aphasia (PPA). METHODS We performed a retrospective case-control study of 34 patients with PPA with available autopsy tissue. We compared baseline and longitudinal clinical features in patients with primary AD neuropathology to those with primary non-AD pathologies. We analyzed regional neuroanatomic disease burden in pathology-defined groups using postmortem neuropathologic data. RESULTS A total of 19/34 patients had primary AD pathology and 15/34 had non-AD pathology (13 frontotemporal lobar degeneration, 2 Lewy body disease). A total of 16/19 (84%) patients with AD had a logopenic spectrum phenotype; 5 met published criteria for the logopenic variant (lvPPA), 8 had additional grammatical or semantic deficits (lvPPA+), and 3 had relatively preserved sentence repetition (lvPPA-). Sentence repetition was impaired in 68% of patients with PPA with AD pathology; forward digit span (DF) was impaired in 90%, substantially higher than in non-AD PPA (33%, p < 0.01). Lexical retrieval difficulty was common in all patients with PPA and did not discriminate between groups. Compared to non-AD, PPA with AD pathology had elevated microscopic neurodegenerative pathology in the superior/midtemporal gyrus, angular gyrus, and midfrontal cortex (p < 0.01). Low DF scores correlated with high microscopic pathologic burden in superior/midtemporal and angular gyri (p ≤ 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Phonologic loop dysfunction is a central feature of AD-associated PPA and specifically correlates with temporoparietal neurodegeneration. Quantitative measures of phonologic loop function, combined with modified clinical lvPPA criteria, may help discriminate AD-associated PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia A A Giannini
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - David J Irwin
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Corey T McMillan
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Sharon Ash
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - David A Wolk
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Edward B Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Murray Grossman
- From the Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (L.A.A.G., D.J.I., C.T.M., S.A., K.R., M.G.), Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (D.J.I., V.M.V.D., J.Q.T.), Alzheimer's Disease Center (D.A.W.), Department of Neurology, and Translational Pathology Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine (E.B.L.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
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Deming Y, Li Z, Kapoor M, Harari O, Del-Aguila JL, Black K, Carrell D, Cai Y, Fernandez MV, Budde J, Ma S, Saef B, Howells B, Huang KL, Bertelsen S, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Kim S, Saykin AJ, De Jager PL, Albert M, Moghekar A, O'Brien R, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Schellenberg G, Haines JL, Mayeux R, Pericak-Vance MA, Farrer LA, Peskind ER, Li G, Di Narzo AF, Kauwe JSK, Goate AM, Cruchaga C. Genome-wide association study identifies four novel loci associated with Alzheimer's endophenotypes and disease modifiers. Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:839-856. [PMID: 28247064 PMCID: PMC5613285 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
More than 20 genetic loci have been associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but reported genome-wide significant loci do not account for all the estimated heritability and provide little information about underlying biological mechanisms. Genetic studies using intermediate quantitative traits such as biomarkers, or endophenotypes, benefit from increased statistical power to identify variants that may not pass the stringent multiple test correction in case-control studies. Endophenotypes also contain additional information helpful for identifying variants and genes associated with other aspects of disease, such as rate of progression or onset, and provide context to interpret the results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). We conducted GWAS of amyloid beta (Aβ42), tau, and phosphorylated tau (ptau181) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 3146 participants across nine studies to identify novel variants associated with AD. Five genome-wide significant loci (two novel) were associated with ptau181, including loci that have also been associated with AD risk or brain-related phenotypes. Two novel loci associated with Aβ42 near GLIS1 on 1p32.3 (β = -0.059, P = 2.08 × 10-8) and within SERPINB1 on 6p25 (β = -0.025, P = 1.72 × 10-8) were also associated with AD risk (GLIS1: OR = 1.105, P = 3.43 × 10-2), disease progression (GLIS1: β = 0.277, P = 1.92 × 10-2), and age at onset (SERPINB1: β = 0.043, P = 4.62 × 10-3). Bioinformatics indicate that the intronic SERPINB1 variant (rs316341) affects expression of SERPINB1 in various tissues, including the hippocampus, suggesting that SERPINB1 influences AD through an Aβ-associated mechanism. Analyses of known AD risk loci suggest CLU and FERMT2 may influence CSF Aβ42 (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively) and the INPP5D locus may affect ptau181 levels (P = 0.009); larger studies are necessary to verify these results. Together the findings from this study can be used to inform future AD studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zeran Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jorge L Del-Aguila
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David Carrell
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yefei Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Budde
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shengmei Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Saef
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bill Howells
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kuan-Lin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne M Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, State University of New York, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center and Center for Neuroimaging, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Institute for the Neurosciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard University and M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Marilyn Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Moghekar
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard O'Brien
- Department of Neurology, Duke Medical Center, Box 2900, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Virginia Man-Yee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, and Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- The John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Biostatistics, Medicine (Genetics Program), Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Neurology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN-20 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- VISN-20 Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Antonio F Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Mata IF, Johnson CO, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Ritz B, Rausch R, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson-Hiller AL, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Yearout D, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. Large-scale exploratory genetic analysis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:211.e1-211.e7. [PMID: 28526295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling problem in Parkinson's disease (PD). Identification of genetic variants that influence the presence or severity of cognitive deficits in PD might provide a clearer understanding of the pathophysiology underlying this important nonmotor feature. We genotyped 1105 PD patients from the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium for 249,336 variants using the NeuroX array. Participants underwent assessments of learning and memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R]), working memory/executive function (Letter-Number Sequencing and Trail Making Test [TMT] A and B), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency), visuospatial abilities (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation [JoLO]), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). For common variants, we used linear regression to test for association between genotype and cognitive performance with adjustment for important covariates. Rare variants were analyzed using the optimal unified sequence kernel association test. The significance threshold was defined as a false discovery rate-corrected p-value (PFDR) of 0.05. Eighteen common variants in 13 genomic regions exceeded the significance threshold for one of the cognitive tests. These included GBA rs2230288 (E326K; PFDR = 2.7 × 10-4) for JoLO, PARP4 rs9318600 (PFDR = 0.006), and rs9581094 (PFDR = 0.006) for HVLT-R total recall, and MTCL1 rs34877994 (PFDR = 0.01) for TMT B-A. Analysis of rare variants did not yield any significant gene regions. We have conducted the first large-scale PD cognitive genetics analysis and nominated several new putative susceptibility genes for cognitive impairment in PD. These results will require replication in independent PD cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine O Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Amie L Peterson-Hiller
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fredy J Revilla
- Division of Neurology at Greenville Health System and the University of South Carolina Medical School-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Kovacs GG, Kwong LK, Grossman M, Irwin DJ, Lee EB, Robinson JL, Suh E, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VM, Trojanowski JQ. Tauopathy with hippocampal 4-repeat tau immunoreactive spherical inclusions: a report of three cases. Brain Pathol 2017; 28:274-283. [PMID: 28019685 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a major group of neurodegenerative proteinopathies characterized by the accumulation of abnormal and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain. Tau pathology is characterized as 3R (repeat) or 4R predominant or mixed 3R and 4R type. Here we report three cases lacking mutations in the microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) gene with unusual tau pathology. The age at onset and duration of illness, respectively, were 63 and 20 years (male), 67 and 5 years (female) and 72 and 20 years (female). The clinical presentation was compatible with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) in two subjects and with cognitive decline in all three subjects. Common neuropathological features included neuronal loss in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus associated with spherical basophilic Pick body-like inclusions showing 4R tau immunoreactivity, which was supported by the detection of predominantly 4R tau species by Western blot examination. In addition, accumulation of tau immunoreactive argyrophilic astrocytes in the hippocampus and amygdala and oligodendroglial coiled bodies in the hippocampal white matter were observed. These morphologies appeared in combination with Alzheimer disease-related pathology and subcortical tau pathology compatible with PSP. Together with a single case report in the literature, our observations on these three cases expand the spectrum of previously described tauopathies. We suggest that this tauopathy variant with hippocampal 4R tau immunoreactive spherical inclusions might contribute to the cognitive deficits in the patients reported here. The precise definition of the clinicopathological relevance of these unusual tau pathologies merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Linda K Kwong
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John L Robinson
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eunran Suh
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Virginia M Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Aging and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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Cooper CA, Jain N, Gallagher MD, Weintraub D, Xie SX, Berlyand Y, Espay AJ, Quinn J, Edwards KL, Montine T, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski J, Zabetian CP, Chen-Plotkin AS. Common variant rs356182 near SNCA defines a Parkinson's disease endophenotype. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2016; 4:15-25. [PMID: 28078311 PMCID: PMC5221454 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson's disease (PD) presents clinically with several motor subtypes that exhibit variable treatment response and prognosis. Here, we investigated genetic variants for their potential association with PD motor phenotype and progression. Methods We screened 10 SNPs, previously associated with PD risk, for association with tremor‐dominant (TD) versus postural‐instability gait disorder (PIGD) motor subtypes. SNPs that correlated with the TD/PIGD ratio in a discovery cohort of 251 PD patients were then evaluated in a multi‐site replication cohort of 559 PD patients. SNPs associated with motor phenotype in both cross‐sectional cohorts were next evaluated for association with (1) rates of motor progression in a longitudinal subgroup of 230 PD patients and (2) brain alpha‐synuclein (SNCA) expression in the GTEx (Genotype‐Tissue Expression project) consortium database. Results Genotype at rs356182, near SNCA, correlated with the TD/PIGD ratio in both the discovery (Bonferroni‐corrected P = 0.04) and replication cohorts (P = 0.02). The rs356182 GG genotype was associated with a more tremor‐predominant phenotype and predicted a slower rate of motor progression (1‐point difference in annual rate of UPDRS‐III motor score change, P = 0.01). The rs356182 genotype was associated with SNCA expression in the cerebellum (P = 0.005). Interpretation Our study demonstrates that the GG genotype at rs356182 provides molecular definition for a clinically important endophenotype associated with (1) more tremor‐predominant motor phenomenology, (2) slower rates of motor progression, and (3) decreased brain expression of SNCA. Such molecularly defined endophenotyping in PD may benefit both clinical trial design and tailoring of clinical care as we enter the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Cooper
- Department of Neurology Medical University of South Carolina Charleston South Carolina; Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Nimansha Jain
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Michael D Gallagher
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Yosef Berlyand
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania; Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio
| | - Joseph Quinn
- Department of Neurology Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology University of California Irvine Irvine California
| | - Thomas Montine
- Department of Pathology University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - John Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Department of Neurology VA Puget Sound Health Care System University of Washington Seattle Washington
| | - Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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79
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van Rheenen W, Shatunov A, Dekker AM, McLaughlin RL, Diekstra FP, Pulit SL, van der Spek RAA, Võsa U, de Jong S, Robinson MR, Yang J, Fogh I, van Doormaal PT, Tazelaar GHP, Koppers M, Blokhuis AM, Sproviero W, Jones AR, Kenna KP, van Eijk KR, Harschnitz O, Schellevis RD, Brands WJ, Medic J, Menelaou A, Vajda A, Ticozzi N, Lin K, Rogelj B, Vrabec K, Ravnik-Glavač M, Koritnik B, Zidar J, Leonardis L, Grošelj LD, Millecamps S, Salachas F, Meininger V, de Carvalho M, Pinto S, Mora JS, Rojas-García R, Polak M, Chandran S, Colville S, Swingler R, Morrison KE, Shaw PJ, Hardy J, Orrell RW, Pittman A, Sidle K, Fratta P, Malaspina A, Topp S, Petri S, Abdulla S, Drepper C, Sendtner M, Meyer T, Ophoff RA, Staats KA, Wiedau-Pazos M, Lomen-Hoerth C, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Elman L, McCluskey L, Basak AN, Tunca C, Hamzeiy H, Parman Y, Meitinger T, Lichtner P, Radivojkov-Blagojevic M, Andres CR, Maurel C, Bensimon G, Landwehrmeyer B, Brice A, Payan CAM, Saker-Delye S, Dürr A, Wood NW, Tittmann L, Lieb W, Franke A, Rietschel M, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Amouyel P, Tzourio C, Dartigues JF, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, Estrada K, Hofman A, Curtis C, Blauw HM, van der Kooi AJ, de Visser M, Goris A, Weber M, Shaw CE, Smith BN, Pansarasa O, Cereda C, Del Bo R, Comi GP, D'Alfonso S, Bertolin C, Sorarù G, Mazzini L, Pensato V, Gellera C, Tiloca C, Ratti A, Calvo A, Moglia C, Brunetti M, Arcuti S, Capozzo R, Zecca C, Lunetta C, Penco S, Riva N, Padovani A, Filosto M, Muller B, Stuit RJ, Blair I, Zhang K, McCann EP, Fifita JA, Nicholson GA, Rowe DB, Pamphlett R, Kiernan MC, Grosskreutz J, Witte OW, Ringer T, Prell T, Stubendorff B, Kurth I, Hübner CA, Leigh PN, Casale F, Chio A, Beghi E, Pupillo E, Tortelli R, Logroscino G, Powell J, Ludolph AC, Weishaupt JH, Robberecht W, Van Damme P, Franke L, Pers TH, Brown RH, Glass JD, Landers JE, Hardiman O, Andersen PM, Corcia P, Vourc'h P, Silani V, Wray NR, Visscher PM, de Bakker PIW, van Es MA, Pasterkamp RJ, Lewis CM, Breen G, Al-Chalabi A, van den Berg LH, Veldink JH. Genome-wide association analyses identify new risk variants and the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1043-8. [PMID: 27455348 PMCID: PMC5556360 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and find associated loci, we assembled a custom imputation reference panel from whole-genome-sequenced patients with ALS and matched controls (n = 1,861). Through imputation and mixed-model association analysis in 12,577 cases and 23,475 controls, combined with 2,579 cases and 2,767 controls in an independent replication cohort, we fine-mapped a new risk locus on chromosome 21 and identified C21orf2 as a gene associated with ALS risk. In addition, we identified MOBP and SCFD1 as new associated risk loci. We established evidence of ALS being a complex genetic trait with a polygenic architecture. Furthermore, we estimated the SNP-based heritability at 8.5%, with a distinct and important role for low-frequency variants (frequency 1-10%). This study motivates the interrogation of larger samples with full genome coverage to identify rare causal variants that underpin ALS risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annelot M Dekker
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Russell L McLaughlin
- Population Genetics Laboratory, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank P Diekstra
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara L Pulit
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rick A A van der Spek
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Urmo Võsa
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Simone de Jong
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Robinson
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Perry Tc van Doormaal
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gijs H P Tazelaar
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Max Koppers
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anna M Blokhuis
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William Sproviero
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristel R van Eijk
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond D Schellevis
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - William J Brands
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jelena Medic
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Androniki Menelaou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vajda
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kuang Lin
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute BRIS, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Vrabec
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Ravnik-Glavač
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Blaž Koritnik
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Zidar
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lea Leonardis
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leja Dolenc Grošelj
- Ljubljana ALS Centre, Institute of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Paris, France
| | - François Salachas
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, INSERM U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Paris, France
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares SLA Ile de France, Département de Neurologie, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- GRC-UPMC SLA et Maladies du Motoneurone, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Ramsay Generale de Santé, Hôpital Peupliers, Paris, France
- Réseau SLA Ile de France, Paris, France
| | - Mamede de Carvalho
- Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Susana Pinto
- Institute of Physiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria-CHLN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jesus S Mora
- Department of Neurology, Hospital San Rafael, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau de Barcelona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Siddharthan Chandran
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Neuroregeneration and Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shuna Colville
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert Swingler
- Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard W Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alan Pittman
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- North-East London and Essex Regional Motor Neuron Disease Care Centre, London, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susanne Petri
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Abdulla
- Department of Neurology, Otto von Güricke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Drepper
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roel A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kim A Staats
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martina Wiedau-Pazos
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Catherine Lomen-Hoerth
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Tunca
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamid Hamzeiy
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Bo[gcaron]aziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Parman
- Neurology Department, Istanbul Medical School, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Cindy Maurel
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Gilbert Bensimon
- AP-HP, Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- UPMC, Pharmacologie, Paris VI, Paris, France
- BESPIM, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- INSERM U1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 7225, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, UMRS 1127, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Département de Génétique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christine A M Payan
- AP-HP, Département de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- BESPIM, CHU de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | | | - Alexandra Dürr
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Hôptial Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Nicholas W Wood
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lukas Tittmann
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- PopGen Biobank and Institute of Epidemiology, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-RID-AGE Risk Factor and Molecular Determinants of Aging Diseases, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux University, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie Biostatistique et CIC-1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-François Dartigues
- Bordeaux University, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219-Epidemiologie Biostatistique et CIC-1401, CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Santé Publique, Bordeaux, France
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karol Estrada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetics Laboratory, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles Curtis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hylke M Blauw
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - An Goris
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Markus Weber
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit/ALS Clinic, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS 'C. Mondino' National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurobiology, IRCCS 'C. Mondino' National Institute of Neurology Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Del Bo
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo P Comi
- Neurologic Unit, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandra D'Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bertolin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Viviana Pensato
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Tiloca
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Brunetti
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Simona Arcuti
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosa Capozzo
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEMO Clinical Center, Serena Onlus Foundation, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hostipal, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Penco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nilo Riva
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | | | - Ian Blair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katharine Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily P McCann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Fifita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garth A Nicholson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- University of Sydney, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic B Rowe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roger Pamphlett
- Stacey MND Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julian Grosskreutz
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ringer
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Tino Prell
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Kurth
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - P Nigel Leigh
- Department of Neurology, Brighton and Sussex Medical School Trafford Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Sussex, Falmer, UK
| | - Federico Casale
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chio
- 'Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience, ALS Centre, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Beghi
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pupillo
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'A. Moro' at Pia Fondazione 'Card. G. Panico', Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Bari, Italy
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro' at Pia Fondazione Cardinale G. Panico, Tricase, Italy
| | - John Powell
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Wim Robberecht
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philip Van Damme
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Genetics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Basic Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory ALS Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Orla Hardiman
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Philippe Corcia
- INSERM U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- Centre SLA, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
- Federation des Centres SLA Tours and Limoges, LITORALS, Tours, France
| | | | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter M Visscher
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul I W de Bakker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Deming Y, Harari O, Black K, Carrell D, Cai Y, Del-Aguila JL, Fernandez V, Budde J, Ma S, Saef B, Bertelsen S, Kauwe J, Fagan AM, Holtzman DM, Morris JC, Kim S, Saykin AJ, Jager P, Goate AM, Cruchaga C, Albert MS, Moghekar A, O'Brien R, Riemenschneider M, Petersen RC, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Minthon L, Van Deerlin VM, M-Y Lee V, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Peskind ER, Li G. O2‐10‐05: Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Amyloid Beta and Tau as Endophenotypes Reveal Novel Variants Potentially Informative for Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuetiva Deming
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Oscar Harari
- Washington University in St. LouisSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Kathleen Black
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | - David Carrell
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Yefei Cai
- Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO USA
| | | | | | - John Budde
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Shengmei Ma
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | - Ben Saef
- Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMO USA
| | | | | | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSt. LouisMO USA
| | - David M. Holtzman
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSt. LouisMO USA
| | - John C. Morris
- Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterSt. LouisMO USA
- Washington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN USA
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMO USA
- Knight Alzheimer Disease CenterSt. LouisMO USA
| | | | - Abhay Moghekar
- Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD USA
| | | | | | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Lennart Minthon
- Clinical Memory Research Unit Department of Clinical Sciences Lund UniversityMalmoSweden
| | | | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA USA
| | | | | | - Gail Li
- University of WashingtonSeattleWA USA
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81
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Irwin DJ, Brettschneider J, McMillan CT, Cooper F, Olm C, Arnold SE, Van Deerlin VM, Seeley WW, Miller BL, Lee EB, Lee VMY, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ. Deep clinical and neuropathological phenotyping of Pick disease. Ann Neurol 2015; 79:272-87. [PMID: 26583316 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize sequential patterns of regional neuropathology and clinical symptoms in a well-characterized cohort of 21 patients with autopsy-confirmed Pick disease. METHODS Detailed neuropathological examination using 70μm and traditional 6μm sections was performed using thioflavin-S staining and immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated tau, 3R and 4R tau isoforms, ubiquitin, and C-terminally truncated tau. Patterns of regional tau deposition were correlated with clinical data. In a subset of cases (n = 5), converging evidence was obtained using antemortem neuroimaging measures of gray and white matter integrity. RESULTS Four sequential patterns of pathological tau deposition were identified starting in frontotemporal limbic/paralimbic and neocortical regions (phase I). Sequential involvement was seen in subcortical structures, including basal ganglia, locus coeruleus, and raphe nuclei (phase II), followed by primary motor cortex and precerebellar nuclei (phase III) and finally visual cortex in the most severe (phase IV) cases. Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia was the predominant clinical phenotype (18 of 21), but all patients eventually developed a social comportment disorder. Pathological tau phases reflected the evolution of clinical symptoms and degeneration on serial antemortem neuroimaging, directly correlated with disease duration and inversely correlated with brain weight at autopsy. The majority of neuronal and glial tau inclusions were 3R tau-positive and 4R tau-negative in sporadic cases. There was a relative abundance of mature tau pathology markers in frontotemporal limbic/paralimbic regions compared to neocortical regions. INTERPRETATION Pick disease tau neuropathology may originate in limbic/paralimbic cortices. The patterns of tau pathology observed here provide novel insights into the natural history and biology of tau-mediated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Irwin
- University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Corey T McMillan
- University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Felicia Cooper
- University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher Olm
- University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Brain-Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William W Seeley
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Murray Grossman
- University of Pennsylvania Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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82
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Irwin DJ, Byrne MD, McMillan CT, Cooper F, Arnold SE, Lee EB, Van Deerlin VM, Xie SX, Lee VMY, Grossman M, Trojanowski JQ. Semi-Automated Digital Image Analysis of Pick's Disease and TDP-43 Proteinopathy. J Histochem Cytochem 2015; 64:54-66. [PMID: 26538548 DOI: 10.1369/0022155415614303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital image analysis of histology sections provides reliable, high-throughput methods for neuropathological studies but data is scant in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), which has an added challenge of study due to morphologically diverse pathologies. Here, we describe a novel method of semi-automated digital image analysis in FTLD subtypes including: Pick's disease (PiD, n=11) with tau-positive intracellular inclusions and neuropil threads, and TDP-43 pathology type C (FTLD-TDPC, n=10), defined by TDP-43-positive aggregates predominantly in large dystrophic neurites. To do this, we examined three FTLD-associated cortical regions: mid-frontal gyrus (MFG), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG) by immunohistochemistry. We used a color deconvolution process to isolate signal from the chromogen and applied both object detection and intensity thresholding algorithms to quantify pathological burden. We found object-detection algorithms had good agreement with gold-standard manual quantification of tau- and TDP-43-positive inclusions. Our sampling method was reliable across three separate investigators and we obtained similar results in a pilot analysis using open-source software. Regional comparisons using these algorithms finds differences in regional anatomic disease burden between PiD and FTLD-TDP not detected using traditional ordinal scale data, suggesting digital image analysis is a powerful tool for clinicopathological studies in morphologically diverse FTLD syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Irwin
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (DJI, MDB, CTM, FC, MG)
| | - Matthew D Byrne
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (DJI, MDB, CTM, FC, MG)
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (DJI, MDB, CTM, FC, MG)
| | - Felicia Cooper
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (DJI, MDB, CTM, FC, MG)
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(DJI, MDB, FC, SEA, EBL, VMVD, VML, JQT)
| | - Edward B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(DJI, MDB, FC, SEA, EBL, VMVD, VML, JQT)
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(DJI, MDB, FC, SEA, EBL, VMVD, VML, JQT)
| | - Sharon X Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology ,University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SXX)
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(DJI, MDB, FC, SEA, EBL, VMVD, VML, JQT)
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology (DJI, MDB, CTM, FC, MG)
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine(DJI, MDB, FC, SEA, EBL, VMVD, VML, JQT)
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83
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Amlie-Wolf A, Ryvkin P, Tong R, Dragomir I, Suh E, Xu Y, Van Deerlin VM, Gregory BD, Kwong LK, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VMY, Wang LS, Lee EB. Transcriptomic Changes Due to Cytoplasmic TDP-43 Expression Reveal Dysregulation of Histone Transcripts and Nuclear Chromatin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141836. [PMID: 26510133 PMCID: PMC4624943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is normally a nuclear RNA-binding protein that exhibits a range of functions including regulation of alternative splicing, RNA trafficking, and RNA stability. However, in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP-43 inclusions (FTLD-TDP), TDP-43 is abnormally phosphorylated, ubiquitinated, and cleaved, and is mislocalized to the cytoplasm where it forms distinctive aggregates. We previously developed a mouse model expressing human TDP-43 with a mutation in its nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS-hTDP-43) so that the protein preferentially localizes to the cytoplasm. These mice did not exhibit a significant number of cytoplasmic aggregates, but did display dramatic changes in gene expression as measured by microarray, suggesting that cytoplasmic TDP-43 may be associated with a toxic gain-of-function. Here, we analyze new RNA-sequencing data from the ΔNLS-hTDP-43 mouse model, together with published RNA-sequencing data obtained previously from TDP-43 antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) knockdown mice to investigate further the dysregulation of gene expression in the ΔNLS model. This analysis reveals that the transcriptomic effects of the overexpression of the ΔNLS-hTDP-43 transgene are likely due to a gain of cytoplasmic function. Moreover, cytoplasmic TDP-43 expression alters transcripts that regulate chromatin assembly, the nucleolus, lysosomal function, and histone 3' untranslated region (UTR) processing. These transcriptomic alterations correlate with observed histologic abnormalities in heterochromatin structure and nuclear size in transgenic mouse and human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Amlie-Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Paul Ryvkin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rui Tong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Dragomir
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Brian D. Gregory
- Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Linda K. Kwong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Edward B. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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84
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Suh E, Lee EB, Neal D, Wood EM, Toledo JB, Rennert L, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Krock B, Elman LB, McCluskey LF, Grossman M, Xie SX, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM. Semi-automated quantification of C9orf72 expansion size reveals inverse correlation between hexanucleotide repeat number and disease duration in frontotemporal degeneration. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:363-72. [PMID: 26022924 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion (C9orf72 expansion) size in peripheral DNA was associated with clinical differences in frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) linked to C9orf72 repeat expansion mutations. A novel quantification workflow was developed to measure C9orf72 expansion size by Southern blot densitometry in a cross-sectional cohort of C9orf72 expansion carriers with FTD (n = 39), ALS (n = 33), both (n = 35), or who are unaffected (n = 21). Multivariate linear regressions were performed to assess whether C9orf72 expansion size from peripheral DNA was associated with clinical phenotype, age of disease onset, disease duration and age at death. Mode values of C9orf72 expansion size were significantly shorter in FTD compared to ALS (p = 0.0001) but were not associated with age at onset in either FTD or ALS. A multivariate regression model correcting for patient's age at DNA collection and disease phenotype revealed that C9orf72 expansion size is significantly associated with shorter disease duration (p = 0.0107) for individuals with FTD, but not with ALS. Despite considerable somatic instability of the C9orf72 expansion, semi-automated expansion size measurements demonstrated an inverse relationship between C9orf72 expansion size and disease duration in patients with FTD. Our finding suggests that C9orf72 repeat size may be a molecular disease modifier in FTD linked to hexanucleotide repeat expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- EunRan Suh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4283, USA,
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85
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Serrano GE, Sabbagh MN, Sue LI, Hidalgo JA, Schneider JA, Bedell BJ, Van Deerlin VM, Suh E, Akiyama H, Joshi AD, Pontecorvo MJ, Mintun MA, Beach TG. Positive florbetapir PET amyloid imaging in a subject with frequent cortical neuritic plaques and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP43-positive inclusions. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:813-21. [PMID: 24927705 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal accumulation and modification of TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43) have recently been discovered to be defining histopathological features of particular subtypes of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and are also common in aging, particularly coexisting with hippocampal sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease pathology. This case report describes a 72 year old Hispanic male with no family history of neurological disease, who presented at age 59 with obsessive behavior, anxiety, agitation, and dysphasia. Positron emission tomography imaging using the amyloid ligand 18F florbetapir (Amyvid) was positive. Postmortem examination revealed frequent diffuse and neuritic amyloid plaques throughout the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and striatum, Braak stage II neurofibrillary degeneration, and frequent frontal and temporal cortex TDP-43-positive neurites with rare nuclear inclusions. The case is unusual and instructive because of the co-existence of frequent cortical and diencephalic amyloid plaques with extensive TDP-43-positive histopathology in the setting of early-onset dementia and because it demonstrates that a positive cortical amyloid imaging signal in a subject with dementia does not necessarily establish that Alzheimer's disease is the sole cause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucia I Sue
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Barry J Bedell
- Biospective Inc. and Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Eunran Suh
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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86
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Mata IF, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Chen-Plotkin A, Van Deerlin VM, Ritz B, Rausch R, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson-Hiller AL, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Bernard B, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Rosenthal LS, Dawson TM, Albert MS, Tsuang D, Huston H, Yearout D, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. GBA Variants are associated with a distinct pattern of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 31:95-102. [PMID: 26296077 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss-of-function mutations in the GBA gene are associated with more severe cognitive impairment in PD, but the nature of these deficits is not well understood and whether common GBA polymorphisms influence cognitive performance in PD is not yet known. METHODS We screened the GBA coding region for mutations and the E326K polymorphism in 1,369 PD patients enrolled at eight sites from the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium. Participants underwent assessments of learning and memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised), working memory/executive function (Letter-Number Sequencing Test and Trail Making Test A and B), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency), visuospatial abilities (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation), and global cognitive function (MoCA). We used linear regression to test for association between genotype and cognitive performance with adjustment for important covariates and accounted for multiple testing using Bonferroni's corrections. RESULTS Mutation carriers (n = 60; 4.4%) and E326K carriers (n = 65; 4.7%) had a higher prevalence of dementia (mutations, odds ratio = 5.1; P = 9.7 × 10(-6) ; E326K, odds ratio = 6.4; P = 5.7 × 10(-7) ) and lower performance on Letter-Number Sequencing (mutations, corrected P[Pc ] = 9.0 × 10(-4) ; E326K, Pc = 0.036), Trail Making B-A (mutations, Pc = 0.018; E326K, Pc = 0.018), and Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (mutations, Pc = 0.0045; E326K, Pc = 0.0013). CONCLUSIONS Both GBA mutations and E326K are associated with a distinct cognitive profile characterized by greater impairment in working memory/executive function and visuospatial abilities in PD patients. The discovery that E326K negatively impacts cognitive performance approximately doubles the proportion of PD patients we now recognize are at risk for more severe GBA-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alice Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amie L Peterson-Hiller
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer G Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan Bernard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fredy J Revilla
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haley Huston
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dora Yearout
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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87
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Robinson JL, Suh E, Wood EM, Lee EB, Coslett HB, Raible K, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM. Common neuropathological features underlie distinct clinical presentations in three siblings with hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids caused by CSF1R p.Arg782His. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2015; 3:42. [PMID: 26141825 PMCID: PMC4491242 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-015-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids (HDLS) presents with a variety of clinical phenotypes including motor impairments such as gait dysfunction, rigidity, tremor and bradykinesia as well as cognitive deficits including personality changes and dementia. In recent years, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor gene (CSF1R) has been identified as the primary genetic cause of HDLS. We describe the clinical and neuropathological features in three siblings with HDLS and the CSF1R p.Arg782His (c.2345G > A) pathogenic mutation. Each case had varied motor symptoms and clinical features, but all included slowed movements, poor balance, memory impairment and frontal deficits. Neuroimaging with magnetic resonance imaging revealed atrophy and increased signal in the deep white matter. Abundant white matter spheroids and CD68-positive macrophages were the predominant pathologies in these cases. Similar to other cases reported in the literature, the three cases described here had varied clinical phenotypes with a pronounced, but heterogeneous distribution of axonal spheroids and distinct microglia morphology. Our findings underscore the critical importance of genetic testing for establishing a clinical and pathological diagnosis of HDLS.
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88
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Kouri N, Ross OA, Dombroski B, Younkin CS, Serie DJ, Soto-Ortolaza A, Baker M, Finch NCA, Yoon H, Kim J, Fujioka S, McLean CA, Ghetti B, Spina S, Cantwell LB, Farlow MR, Grafman J, Huey ED, Ryung Han M, Beecher S, Geller ET, Kretzschmar HA, Roeber S, Gearing M, Juncos JL, Vonsattel JPG, Van Deerlin VM, Grossman M, Hurtig HI, Gross RG, Arnold SE, Trojanowski JQ, Lee VM, Wenning GK, White CL, Höglinger GU, Müller U, Devlin B, Golbe LI, Crook J, Parisi JE, Boeve BF, Josephs KA, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Graff-Radford NR, Litvan I, Younkin SG, Wang LS, Ertekin-Taner N, Rademakers R, Hakonarsen H, Schellenberg GD, Dickson DW. Genome-wide association study of corticobasal degeneration identifies risk variants shared with progressive supranuclear palsy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7247. [PMID: 26077951 PMCID: PMC4469997 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticobasal degeneration (CBD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement and cognition, definitively diagnosed only at autopsy. Here, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in CBD cases (n=152) and 3,311 controls, and 67 CBD cases and 439 controls in a replication stage. Associations with meta-analysis were 17q21 at MAPT (P=1.42 × 10(-12)), 8p12 at lnc-KIF13B-1, a long non-coding RNA (rs643472; P=3.41 × 10(-8)), and 2p22 at SOS1 (rs963731; P=1.76 × 10(-7)). Testing for association of CBD with top progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) GWAS single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified associations at MOBP (3p22; rs1768208; P=2.07 × 10(-7)) and MAPT H1c (17q21; rs242557; P=7.91 × 10(-6)). We previously reported SNP/transcript level associations with rs8070723/MAPT, rs242557/MAPT, and rs1768208/MOBP and herein identified association with rs963731/SOS1. We identify new CBD susceptibility loci and show that CBD and PSP share a genetic risk factor other than MAPT at 3p22 MOBP (myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Kouri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Beth Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Curtis S Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Daniel J Serie
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Alexandra Soto-Ortolaza
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Ni Cole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Hyejin Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Shinsuke Fujioka
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Victorian Brain Bank Network, Mental Health Research Institute, Parksville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Martin R Farlow
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Injury Research, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Edward D Huey
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York10027, USA
| | - Mi Ryung Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sherry Beecher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Evan T Geller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Hans A Kretzschmar
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Sigrun Roeber
- Institut for Neuropathology and Prion Research and Brain Net Germany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, USA
| | - Jorge L Juncos
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30307, USA
| | - Jean Paul G Vonsattel
- Department of Pathology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rachel G Gross
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Charles L White
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235, USA
| | - Günter U Höglinger
- Department of Neurology, Technical University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.,Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81677 Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Philipps University, 35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institut for Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen 35390, Germany
| | - Bernie Devlin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Lawrence I Golbe
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
| | - Julia Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.,Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | - Ryan J Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | | | - Irene Litvan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Steven G Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarsen
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USA
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89
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Brettschneider J, Del Tredici K, Irwin DJ, Grossman M, Robinson JL, Toledo JB, Lee EB, Fang L, Van Deerlin VM, Ludolph AC, Lee VMY, Braak H, Trojanowski JQ. Erratum to: Sequential distribution of pTDP-43 pathology in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:929. [PMID: 25931052 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brettschneider
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research (CNDR), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3rd Floor Maloney Building, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA,
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90
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Lill CM, Rengmark A, Pihlstrøm L, Fogh I, Shatunov A, Sleiman PM, Wang LS, Liu T, Lassen CF, Meissner E, Alexopoulos P, Calvo A, Chio A, Dizdar N, Faltraco F, Forsgren L, Kirchheiner J, Kurz A, Larsen JP, Liebsch M, Linder J, Morrison KE, Nissbrandt H, Otto M, Pahnke J, Partch A, Restagno G, Rujescu D, Schnack C, Shaw CE, Shaw PJ, Tumani H, Tysnes OB, Valladares O, Silani V, van den Berg LH, van Rheenen W, Veldink JH, Lindenberger U, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Teipel S, Perneczky R, Hakonarson H, Hampel H, von Arnim CAF, Olsen JH, Van Deerlin VM, Al-Chalabi A, Toft M, Ritz B, Bertram L. The role of TREM2 R47H as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:1407-1416. [PMID: 25936935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A rare variant in TREM2 (p.R47H, rs75932628) was recently reported to increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and, subsequently, other neurodegenerative diseases, i.e. frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we comprehensively assessed TREM2 rs75932628 for association with these diseases in a total of 19,940 previously untyped subjects of European descent. These data were combined with those from 28 published data sets by meta-analysis. Furthermore, we tested whether rs75932628 shows association with amyloid beta (Aβ42) and total-tau protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 828 individuals with AD or mild cognitive impairment. Our data show that rs75932628 is highly significantly associated with the risk of AD across 24,086 AD cases and 148,993 controls of European descent (odds ratio or OR = 2.71, P = 4.67 × 10(-25)). No consistent evidence for association was found between this marker and the risk of FTLD (OR = 2.24, P = .0113 across 2673 cases/9283 controls), PD (OR = 1.36, P = .0767 across 8311 cases/79,938 controls) and ALS (OR = 1.41, P = .198 across 5544 cases/7072 controls). Furthermore, carriers of the rs75932628 risk allele showed significantly increased levels of CSF-total-tau (P = .0110) but not Aβ42 suggesting that TREM2's role in AD may involve tau dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Lill
- Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Aina Rengmark
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina F Lassen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esther Meissner
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Panos Alexopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano Chio
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, ALS Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Neuroscience Institute of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nil Dizdar
- Department of Neurology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lars Forsgren
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Kurz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan P Larsen
- The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Maria Liebsch
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Linder
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karen E Morrison
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Neurosciences Division, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- Department of Pharmacology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amanda Partch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriella Restagno
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Molecular Genetics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Tranplantation, "Dino Ferrari" Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Netherlands ALS Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK; West London Cognitive Disorders Treatment and Research Unit, West London Mental Health Trust, London, UK
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Harald Hampel
- AXA Research Fund & UPMC Chair, Paris, France; Département de Neurologie, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer & Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Jørgen H Olsen
- Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mathias Toft
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany; Neuroepidemiology and Ageing Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology, and Medicine, London, UK
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91
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Srivatsal S, Cholerton B, Leverenz JB, Wszolek ZK, Uitti RJ, Dickson DW, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson AL, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Goldman JG, Stebbins GT, Bernard B, Ritz B, Rausch R, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Rosenthal LS, Dawson TM, Albert MS, Mata IF, Hu SC, Montine KS, Johnson C, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zhang J, Zabetian CP. Cognitive profile of LRRK2-related Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 30:728-33. [PMID: 25650144 PMCID: PMC4397146 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors play a role in the variability associated with cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most common cause of monogenic PD; however, the cognitive profile of LRRK2-related PD is not well-characterized. METHODS A cohort of 1,447 PD patients enrolled in the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium was screened for LRRK2 mutations and completed detailed cognitive testing. Associations between mutation carrier status and cognitive test scores were assessed using linear regression models. RESULTS LRRK2 mutation carriers (n = 29) demonstrated better performance on the Mini Mental State Examination (P = 0.03) and the Letter-Number Sequencing Test (P = 0.005). A smaller proportion of LRRK2 carriers were demented (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our cross-sectional study demonstrates better performance on certain cognitive tests, as well as lower rates of dementia in LRRK2-related PD. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether LRRK2 mutation carriers exhibit slower cognitive decline. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenna Cholerton
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - James B. Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ryan J. Uitti
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph F. Quinn
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Chung
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Amie L. Peterson
- Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stewart A. Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Goldman
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Glenn T. Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan Bernard
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Fredy J. Revilla
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Liana S. Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ted M. Dawson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marilyn S. Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen S. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Catherine Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas J. Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Karen L. Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cyrus P. Zabetian
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Wang LS, Naj AC, Graham RR, Crane PK, Kunkle BW, Cruchaga C, Murcia JDG, Cannon-Albright L, Baldwin CT, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Kukull WA, Faber KM, Schupf N, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, Munger RG, Corcoran CD, Rogaeva E, Lin CF, Dombroski BA, Cantwell LB, Partch A, Valladares O, Hakonarson H, St George-Hyslop P, Green RC, Goate AM, Foroud TM, Carney RM, Larson EB, Behrens TW, Kauwe JSK, Haines JL, Farrer LA, Pericak-Vance MA, Mayeux R, Schellenberg GD, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Barber R, Barmada M, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Becker JT, Beecham GW, Beekly D, Bennett DA, Bigio EH, Bird TD, Blacker D, Boeve BF, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Buxbaum JD, Cairns NJ, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, DeKosky ST, Demirci FY, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Ertekin-Taner N, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Glass JD, Graff-Radford NR, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jarvik GP, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Jun G, Jun G, Kamboh MI, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lopez OL, Lunetta KL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Marson DC, Martin ER, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam WM, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Montine TJ, Morris JC, Murrell JR, Olichney JM, Parisi JE, Perry W, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reiman EM, Reisberg B, Reitz C, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Saykin AJ, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Tsuang DW, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Wishnek S, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Rarity of the Alzheimer disease-protective APP A673T variant in the United States. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:209-16. [PMID: 25531812 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recently, a rare variant in the amyloid precursor protein gene (APP) was described in a population from Iceland. This variant, in which alanine is replaced by threonine at position 673 (A673T), appears to protect against late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). We evaluated the frequency of this variant in AD cases and cognitively normal controls to determine whether this variant will significantly contribute to risk assessment in individuals in the United States. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of the APP A673T variant in a large group of elderly cognitively normal controls and AD cases from the United States and in 2 case-control cohorts from Sweden. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control association analysis of variant APP A673T in US and Swedish white individuals comparing AD cases with cognitively intact elderly controls. Participants were ascertained at multiple university-associated medical centers and clinics across the United States and Sweden by study-specific sampling methods. They were from case-control studies, community-based prospective cohort studies, and studies that ascertained multiplex families from multiple sources. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Genotypes for the APP A673T variant were determined using the Infinium HumanExome V1 Beadchip (Illumina, Inc) and by TaqMan genotyping (Life Technologies). RESULTS The A673T variant genotypes were evaluated in 8943 US AD cases, 10 480 US cognitively normal controls, 862 Swedish AD cases, and 707 Swedish cognitively normal controls. We identified 3 US individuals heterozygous for A673T, including 1 AD case (age at onset, 89 years) and 2 controls (age at last examination, 82 and 77 years). The remaining US samples were homozygous for the alanine (A673) allele. In the Swedish samples, 3 controls were heterozygous for A673T and all AD cases were homozygous for the A673 allele. We also genotyped a US family previously reported to harbor the A673T variant and found a mother-daughter pair, both cognitively normal at ages 72 and 84 years, respectively, who were both heterozygous for A673T; however, all individuals with AD in the family were homozygous for A673. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The A673T variant is extremely rare in US cohorts and does not play a substantial role in risk for AD in this population. This variant may be primarily restricted to Icelandic and Scandinavian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Robert R Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City10George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England13Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Uni
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York17Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York18Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia
| | - Maria C Norton
- Department of Family, Consumer, and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan20Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan
| | | | - Ronald G Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
| | | | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Amanda Partch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada25Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri7Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle28Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Center for Human Genetics and Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah30Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts31Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts32Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida34Dr John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York18Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York35Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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Irwin DJ, Cairns NJ, Grossman M, McMillan CT, Lee EB, Van Deerlin VM, Lee VMY, Trojanowski JQ. Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: defining phenotypic diversity through personalized medicine. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:469-91. [PMID: 25549971 PMCID: PMC4369168 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) comprises two main classes of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal/glial proteinaceous inclusions (i.e., proteinopathies) including tauopathies (i.e., FTLD-Tau) and TDP-43 proteinopathies (i.e., FTLD-TDP) while other very rare forms of FTLD are known such as FTLD with FUS pathology (FTLD-FUS). This review focuses mainly on FTLD-Tau and FLTD-TDP, which may present as several clinical syndromes: a behavioral/dysexecutive syndrome (behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia); language disorders (primary progressive aphasia variants); and motor disorders (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, corticobasal syndrome, progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome). There is considerable heterogeneity in clinical presentations of underlying neuropathology and current clinical criteria do not reliably predict underlying proteinopathies ante-mortem. In contrast, molecular etiologies of hereditary FTLD are consistently associated with specific proteinopathies. These include MAPT mutations with FTLD-Tau and GRN, C9orf72, VCP and TARDBP with FTLD-TDP. The last decade has seen a rapid expansion in our knowledge of the molecular pathologies associated with this clinically and neuropathologically heterogeneous group of FTLD diseases. Moreover, in view of current limitations to reliably diagnose specific FTLD neuropathologies prior to autopsy, we summarize the current state of the science in FTLD biomarker research including neuroimaging, biofluid and genetic analyses. We propose that combining several of these biomarker modalities will improve diagnostic specificity in FTLD through a personalized medicine approach. The goals of these efforts are to enhance power for clinical trials focused on slowing or preventing progression of spread of tau, TDP-43 and other FTLD-associated pathologies and work toward the goal of defining clinical endophenotypes of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Irwin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nigel J. Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Corey T. McMillan
- Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward B. Lee
- Translational Neuropathology Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivianna M. Van Deerlin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Virginia M.-Y. Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kalia LV, Lang AE, Hazrati LN, Fujioka S, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Ross OA, Van Deerlin VM, Trojanowski JQ, Hurtig HI, Alcalay RN, Marder KS, Clark LN, Gaig C, Tolosa E, Ruiz-Martínez J, Marti-Masso JF, Ferrer I, López de Munain A, Goldman SM, Schüle B, Langston JW, Aasly JO, Giordana MT, Bonifati V, Puschmann A, Canesi M, Pezzoli G, Maues De Paula A, Hasegawa K, Duyckaerts C, Brice A, Stoessl AJ, Marras C. Clinical correlations with Lewy body pathology in LRRK2-related Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 72:100-5. [PMID: 25401511 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the most common cause of genetic Parkinson disease (PD) known to date. The clinical features of manifesting LRRK2 mutation carriers are generally indistinguishable from those of patients with sporadic PD. However, some PD cases associated with LRRK2 mutations lack Lewy bodies (LBs), a neuropathological hallmark of PD. We investigated whether the presence or absence of LBs correlates with different clinical features in LRRK2-related PD. OBSERVATIONS We describe genetic, clinical, and neuropathological findings of 37 cases of LRRK2-related PD including 33 published and 4 unpublished cases through October 2013. Among the different mutations, the LRRK2 p.G2019S mutation was most frequently associated with LB pathology. Nonmotor features of cognitive impairment/dementia, anxiety, and orthostatic hypotension were correlated with the presence of LBs. In contrast, a primarily motor phenotype was associated with a lack of LBs. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinicopathological correlations in a series of LRRK2-related PD cases. Findings from this selected group of patients with PD demonstrated that parkinsonian motor features can occur in the absence of LBs. However, LB pathology in LRRK2-related PD may be a marker for a broader parkinsonian symptom complex including cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine V Kalia
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carles Gaig
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Tolosa
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Isidre Ferrer
- Bellvitge University Hospital, L' Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Margherita Canesi
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianni Pezzoli
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Charles Duyckaerts
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientique, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre national de la recherche scientique, Paris, France
| | - A Jon Stoessl
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Mata IF, Leverenz JB, Weintraub D, Trojanowski JQ, Hurtig HI, Van Deerlin VM, Ritz B, Rausch R, Rhodes SL, Factor SA, Wood-Siverio C, Quinn JF, Chung KA, Peterson AL, Espay AJ, Revilla FJ, Devoto J, Hu SC, Cholerton BA, Wan JY, Montine TJ, Edwards KL, Zabetian CP. APOE, MAPT, and SNCA genes and cognitive performance in Parkinson disease. JAMA Neurol 2015; 71:1405-12. [PMID: 25178429 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling problem in Parkinson disease (PD) that is not well understood and is difficult to treat. Identification of genetic variants that influence the rate of cognitive decline or pattern of early cognitive deficits in PD might provide a clearer understanding of the etiopathogenesis of this important nonmotor feature. OBJECTIVE To determine whether common variation in the APOE, MAPT, and SNCA genes is associated with cognitive performance in patients with PD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied 1079 PD patients from 6 academic centers in the United States who underwent assessments of memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised [HVLT-R]), attention and executive function (Letter-Number Sequencing Test and Trail Making Test), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency tests), visuospatial skills (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test), and global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Participants underwent genotyping for the APOE ε2/ε3/ε4 alleles, MAPT H1/H2 haplotypes, and SNCA rs356219. We used linear regression to test for association between genotype and baseline cognitive performance with adjustment for age, sex, years of education, disease duration, and site. We used a Bonferroni correction to adjust for the 9 comparisons that were performed for each gene. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Nine variables derived from 7 psychometric tests. RESULTS The APOE ε4 allele was associated with lower performance on the HVLT-R Total Recall (P = 6.7 × 10(-6); corrected P [Pc] = 6.0 × 10(-5)), Delayed Recall (P = .001; Pc = .009), and Recognition Discrimination Index (P = .004; Pc = .04); a semantic verbal fluency test (P = .002; Pc = .02); the Letter-Number Sequencing Test (P = 1 × 10(-5); Pc = 9 × 10(-5)); and Trail Making Test B minus Trail Making Test A (P = .002; Pc = .02). In a subset of 645 patients without dementia, the APOE ε4 allele was associated with lower scores on the HVLT-R Total Recall (P = .005; Pc = .045) and the semantic verbal fluency (P = .005; Pc = .045) measures. Variants of MAPT and SNCA were not associated with scores on any tests. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Our data indicate that the APOE ε4 allele is an important predictor of cognitive function in PD across multiple domains. Among PD patients without dementia, the APOE ε4 allele was only associated with lower performance on word list learning and semantic verbal fluency, a pattern more typical of the cognitive deficits seen in early Alzheimer disease than PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio F Mata
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - James B Leverenz
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia7Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia8Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia10Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles12Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles13Department of Neurology, University of California, Los
| | - Rebecca Rausch
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Shannon L Rhodes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cathy Wood-Siverio
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Kathryn A Chung
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Amie L Peterson
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon16Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland
| | - Alberto J Espay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Fredy J Revilla
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio18Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Johnna Devoto
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Shu-Ching Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
| | - Brenna A Cholerton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington4Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Jia Y Wan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle20currently with Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Karen L Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle20currently with Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington2Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington3Dep
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Cirulli ET, Lasseigne BN, Petrovski S, Sapp PC, Dion PA, Leblond CS, Couthouis J, Lu YF, Wang Q, Krueger BJ, Ren Z, Keebler J, Han Y, Levy SE, Boone BE, Wimbish JR, Waite LL, Jones AL, Carulli JP, Day-Williams AG, Staropoli JF, Xin WW, Chesi A, Raphael AR, McKenna-Yasek D, Cady J, Vianney de Jong JMB, Kenna KP, Smith BN, Topp S, Miller J, Gkazi A, Al-Chalabi A, van den Berg LH, Veldink J, Silani V, Ticozzi N, Shaw CE, Baloh RH, Appel S, Simpson E, Lagier-Tourenne C, Pulst SM, Gibson S, Trojanowski JQ, Elman L, McCluskey L, Grossman M, Shneider NA, Chung WK, Ravits JM, Glass JD, Sims KB, Van Deerlin VM, Maniatis T, Hayes SD, Ordureau A, Swarup S, Landers J, Baas F, Allen AS, Bedlack RS, Harper JW, Gitler AD, Rouleau GA, Brown R, Harms MB, Cooper GM, Harris T, Myers RM, Goldstein DB. Exome sequencing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identifies risk genes and pathways. Science 2015; 347:1436-41. [PMID: 25700176 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 703] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease with no effective treatment. We report the results of a moderate-scale sequencing study aimed at increasing the number of genes known to contribute to predisposition for ALS. We performed whole-exome sequencing of 2869 ALS patients and 6405 controls. Several known ALS genes were found to be associated, and TBK1 (the gene encoding TANK-binding kinase 1) was identified as an ALS gene. TBK1 is known to bind to and phosphorylate a number of proteins involved in innate immunity and autophagy, including optineurin (OPTN) and p62 (SQSTM1/sequestosome), both of which have also been implicated in ALS. These observations reveal a key role of the autophagic pathway in ALS and suggest specific targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Cirulli
- Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Slavé Petrovski
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter C Sapp
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Claire S Leblond
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Julien Couthouis
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quanli Wang
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian J Krueger
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhong Ren
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Yujun Han
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shawn E Levy
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Braden E Boone
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jack R Wimbish
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Lindsay L Waite
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Angela L Jones
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | | | | | - Winnie W Xin
- Neurogenetics DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alessandra Chesi
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alya R Raphael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Diane McKenna-Yasek
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Janet Cady
- Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - J M B Vianney de Jong
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kevin P Kenna
- Academic Unit of Neurology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Simon Topp
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Jack Miller
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Athina Gkazi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy, and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan 20149, Italy, and Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | | | - Stanley Appel
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ericka Simpson
- Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stefan M Pulst
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Summer Gibson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, Penn ALS Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, Penn ALS Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Neil A Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - John M Ravits
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan D Glass
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katherine B Sims
- Neurogenetics DNA Diagnostic Laboratory, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tom Maniatis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Sebastian D Hayes
- Biogen Idec, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sharan Swarup
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andrew S Allen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robert Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | | | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Beecham GW, Dickson DW, Scott WK, Martin ER, Schellenberg G, Nuytemans K, Larson EB, Buxbaum JD, Trojanowski JQ, Van Deerlin VM, Hurtig HI, Mash DC, Beach TG, Troncoso JC, Pletnikova O, Frosch MP, Ghetti B, Foroud TM, Honig LS, Marder K, Vonsattel JP, Goldman SM, Vinters HV, Ross OA, Wszolek ZK, Wang L, Dykxhoorn DM, Pericak-Vance MA, Montine TJ, Leverenz JB, Dawson TM, Vance JM. PARK10 is a major locus for sporadic neuropathologically confirmed Parkinson disease. Neurology 2015; 84:972-80. [PMID: 25663231 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To minimize pathologic heterogeneity in genetic studies of Parkinson disease (PD), the Autopsy-Confirmed Parkinson Disease Genetics Consortium conducted a genome-wide association study using both patients with neuropathologically confirmed PD and controls. METHODS Four hundred eighty-four cases and 1,145 controls met neuropathologic diagnostic criteria, were genotyped, and then imputed to 3,922,209 variants for genome-wide association study analysis. RESULTS A small region on chromosome 1 was strongly associated with PD (rs10788972; p = 6.2 × 10(-8)). The association peak lies within and very close to the maximum linkage peaks of 2 prior positive linkage studies defining the PARK10 locus. We demonstrate that rs10788972 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs914722, the single nucleotide polymorphism defining the PARK10 haplotype previously shown to be significantly associated with age at onset in PD. The region containing the PARK10 locus was significantly reduced from 10.6 megabases to 100 kilobases and contains 4 known genes: TCEANC2, TMEM59, miR-4781, and LDLRAD1. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the association of a PARK10 haplotype with the risk of developing idiopathic PD. Furthermore, we significantly reduce the size of the PARK10 region. None of the candidate genes in the new PARK10 region have been previously implicated in the biology of PD, suggesting new areas of potential research. This study strongly suggests that reducing pathologic heterogeneity may enhance the application of genetic association studies to PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Beecham
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - William K Scott
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Eden R Martin
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Gerard Schellenberg
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Karen Nuytemans
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Eric B Larson
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Howard I Hurtig
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Deborah C Mash
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Thomas G Beach
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Karen Marder
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Samuel M Goldman
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Harry V Vinters
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Owen A Ross
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Zbigniew K Wszolek
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Liyong Wang
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Derek M Dykxhoorn
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Thomas J Montine
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - James B Leverenz
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Ted M Dawson
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
| | - Jeffery M Vance
- From the John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics (G.W.B., W.K.S., E.R.M., K.N., L.W., D.M.D., M.A.P.-V., J.M.V.) and University of Miami Brain Endowment Bank (D.C.M.), Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL; Departments of Neuroscience (D.W.D., O.A.R.) and Neurology (Z.K.W.), Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (G.S., J.Q.T., V.M.V.D., H.I.H.), Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Group Health Research Institute (E.B.L.), Seattle, WA; Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences (J.D.B.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY; Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium (T.G.B.), Phoenix; Sun Health Research Institute (T.G.B.), Sun City, AZ; Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology (J.C.T., O.P.), and Department of Neurology and the Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology (M.P.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center (B.G.), and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (T.M.F.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Departments of Neurology (L.S.H., K.M.) and Psychiatry (K.M.), Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology (J.P.V.), Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York, NY; The Parkinson's Institute (S.M.G.), Sunnyvale, CA; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (Neuropathology) and Neurology (H.V.V.), David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Department of Pathology (T.J.M.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle; VA Puget Sound Health Care System (
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Russ J, Liu EY, Wu K, Neal D, Suh E, Irwin DJ, McMillan CT, Harms MB, Cairns NJ, Wood EM, Xie SX, Elman L, McCluskey L, Grossman M, Van Deerlin VM, Lee EB. Hypermethylation of repeat expanded C9orf72 is a clinical and molecular disease modifier. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 129:39-52. [PMID: 25388784 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C9orf72 promoter hypermethylation inhibits the accumulation of pathologies which have been postulated to be neurotoxic. We tested here whether C9orf72 hypermethylation is associated with prolonged disease in C9orf72 mutation carriers. C9orf72 methylation was quantified from brain or blood using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digest-qPCR in a cross-sectional cohort of 118 C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers and 19 non-carrier family members. Multivariate regression models were used to determine whether C9orf72 hypermethylation was associated with age at onset, disease duration, age at death, or hexanucleotide repeat expansion size. Permutation analysis was performed to determine whether C9orf72 methylation is heritable. We observed a high correlation between C9orf72 methylation across tissues including cerebellum, frontal cortex, spinal cord and peripheral blood. While C9orf72 methylation was not significantly different between ALS and FTD and did not predict age at onset, brain and blood C9orf72 hypermethylation was associated with later age at death in FTD (brain: β = 0.18, p = 0.006; blood: β = 0.15, p < 0.001), and blood C9orf72 hypermethylation was associated with longer disease duration in FTD (β = 0.03, p = 0.007). Furthermore, C9orf72 hypermethylation was associated with smaller hexanucleotide repeat length (β = -16.69, p = 0.033). Finally, analysis of pedigrees with multiple mutation carriers demonstrated a significant association between C9orf72 methylation and family relatedness (p < 0.0001). C9orf72 hypermethylation is associated with prolonged disease in C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers with FTD. The attenuated clinical phenotype associated with C9orf72 hypermethylation suggests that slower clinical progression in FTD is associated with reduced expression of mutant C9orf72. These results support the hypothesis that expression of the hexanucleotide repeat expansion is associated with a toxic gain of function.
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Naj AC, Jun G, Reitz C, Kunkle BW, Perry W, Park YS, Beecham GW, Rajbhandary RA, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Wang LS, Kauwe JSK, Huentelman MJ, Myers AJ, Bird TD, Boeve BF, Baldwin CT, Jarvik GP, Crane PK, Rogaeva E, Barmada MM, Demirci FY, Cruchaga C, Kramer PL, Ertekin-Taner N, Hardy J, Graff-Radford NR, Green RC, Larson EB, St George-Hyslop PH, Buxbaum JD, Evans DA, Schneider JA, Lunetta KL, Kamboh MI, Saykin AJ, Reiman EM, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Morris JC, Montine TJ, Goate AM, Blacker D, Tsuang DW, Hakonarson H, Kukull WA, Foroud TM, Martin ER, Haines JL, Mayeux RP, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Pericak-Vance MA, Albert MS, Albin RL, Apostolova LG, Arnold SE, Barber R, Barnes LL, Beach TG, Becker JT, Beekly D, Bigio EH, Bowen JD, Boxer A, Burke JR, Cairns NJ, Cantwell LB, Cao C, Carlson CS, Carney RM, Carrasquillo MM, Carroll SL, Chui HC, Clark DG, Corneveaux J, Cribbs DH, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, DeKosky ST, Dick M, Dickson DW, Duara R, Faber KM, Fallon KB, Farlow MR, Ferris S, Frosch MP, Galasko DR, Ganguli M, Gearing M, Geschwind DH, Ghetti B, Gilbert JR, Glass JD, Growdon JH, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Head E, Honig LS, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Jicha GA, Jin LW, Karydas A, Kaye JA, Kim R, Koo EH, Kowall NW, Kramer JH, LaFerla FM, Lah JJ, Leverenz JB, Levey AI, Li G, Lieberman AP, Lin CF, Lopez OL, Lyketsos CG, Mack WJ, Martiniuk F, Mash DC, Masliah E, McCormick WC, McCurry SM, McDavid AN, McKee AC, Mesulam M, Miller BL, Miller CA, Miller JW, Murrell JR, Olichney JM, Pankratz VS, Parisi JE, Paulson HL, Peskind E, Petersen RC, Pierce A, Poon WW, Potter H, Quinn JF, Raj A, Raskind M, Reisberg B, Ringman JM, Roberson ED, Rosen HJ, Rosenberg RN, Sano M, Schneider LS, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Tanzi RE, Thornton-Wells TA, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Valladares O, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vardarajan BN, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Williamson J, Wishnek S, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Younkin SG, Yu CE, Yu L. Effects of multiple genetic loci on age at onset in late-onset Alzheimer disease: a genome-wide association study. JAMA Neurol 2014; 71:1394-404. [PMID: 25199842 PMCID: PMC4314944 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2014.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Because APOE locus variants contribute to risk of late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) and to differences in age at onset (AAO), it is important to know whether other established LOAD risk loci also affect AAO in affected participants. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of known Alzheimer disease risk loci in modifying AAO and to estimate their cumulative effect on AAO variation using data from genome-wide association studies in the Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium comprises 14 case-control, prospective, and family-based data sets with data on 9162 participants of white race/ethnicity with Alzheimer disease occurring after age 60 years who also had complete AAO information, gathered between 1989 and 2011 at multiple sites by participating studies. Data on genotyped or imputed single-nucleotide polymorphisms most significantly associated with risk at 10 confirmed LOAD loci were examined in linear modeling of AAO, and individual data set results were combined using a random-effects, inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis approach to determine whether they contribute to variation in AAO. Aggregate effects of all risk loci on AAO were examined in a burden analysis using genotype scores weighted by risk effect sizes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Age at disease onset abstracted from medical records among participants with LOAD diagnosed per standard criteria. RESULTS Analysis confirmed the association of APOE with earlier AAO (P = 3.3 × 10(-96)), with associations in CR1 (rs6701713, P = 7.2 × 10(-4)), BIN1 (rs7561528, P = 4.8 × 10(-4)), and PICALM (rs561655, P = 2.2 × 10(-3)) reaching statistical significance (P < .005). Risk alleles individually reduced AAO by 3 to 6 months. Burden analyses demonstrated that APOE contributes to 3.7% of the variation in AAO (R(2) = 0.256) over baseline (R(2) = 0.221), whereas the other 9 loci together contribute to 2.2% of the variation (R(2) = 0.242). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE We confirmed an association of APOE (OMIM 107741) variants with AAO among affected participants with LOAD and observed novel associations of CR1 (OMIM 120620), BIN1 (OMIM 601248), and PICALM (OMIM 603025) with AAO. In contrast to earlier hypothetical modeling, we show that the combined effects of Alzheimer disease risk variants on AAO are on the scale of, but do not exceed, the APOE effect. While the aggregate effects of risk loci on AAO may be significant, additional genetic contributions to AAO are individually likely to be small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Naj
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Gyungah Jun
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christiane Reitz
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York7Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York8Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New
| | - Brian W Kunkle
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - William Perry
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Yo Son Park
- The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Gary W Beecham
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | | | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Amanda J Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle15Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Clinton T Baldwin
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle18Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ekaterina Rogaeva
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Michael Barmada
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - F Yesim Demirci
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Patricia L Kramer
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland24Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Nilufer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - John Hardy
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Neill R Graff-Radford
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida26Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Robert C Green
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, and Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eric B Larson
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle29Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada30Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York32Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York33Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Denis A Evans
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois36Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathryn L Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - M Ilyas Kamboh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania37Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis39Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona40Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix41Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Phoenix42Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for the Neurosciences, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts44Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Ins
| | - David A Bennett
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois45Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John C Morris
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri47Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Psychiatry and Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deborah Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts50Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Debby W Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington51Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Eden R Martin
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonathan L Haines
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee55Vanderbilit Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard P Mayeux
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York57Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, New York58Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Genetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts5Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts59Department of Epidemiology, Bos
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Margaret A Pericak-Vance
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marilyn S Albert
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Roger L Albin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor63Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS), Ann Arbor, Michigan64Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Steven E Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth
| | - Lisa L Barnes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois68Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Civin Laboratory for Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - James T Becker
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Duane Beekly
- National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois73Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Adam Boxer
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - James R Burke
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura B Cantwell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Chuanhai Cao
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Regina M Carney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Steven L Carroll
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Helena C Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - David G Clark
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Jason Corneveaux
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David H Cribbs
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Elizabeth A Crocco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Malcolm Dick
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | | | - Ranjan Duara
- Wien Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Memory Disorders, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kelley M Faber
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Kenneth B Fallon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | | | - Steven Ferris
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York
| | - Matthew P Frosch
- C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown
| | - Douglas R Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marla Gearing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia93Emory Alzheimer's Disease Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Neurogenetics Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Bernardino Ghetti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John R Gilbert
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida9The Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - John H Growdon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ronald L Hamilton
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindy E Harrell
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lawrence S Honig
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Gregory A Jicha
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Anna Karydas
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Jeffrey A Kaye
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland103Department of Neurology, Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ronald Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Neil W Kowall
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neuropsychology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Frank M LaFerla
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Chiao-Feng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Alheimer Disease Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Frank Martiniuk
- Department of Medicine - Pulmonary, New York University, New York
| | - Deborah C Mash
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla113Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Susan M McCurry
- School of Nursing Northwest Research Group on Aging, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Ann C McKee
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts105Department of Pathology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois115Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Carol A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | - Jill R Murrell
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis95Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - John M Olichney
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento
| | | | - Joseph E Parisi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota119Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Elaine Peskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | | | - Aimee Pierce
- Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine
| | - Huntington Potter
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Ashok Raj
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Murray Raskind
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle
| | - Barry Reisberg
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University, New York120Alzheimer's Disease Center, New York University, New York
| | - John M Ringman
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | | | - Mary Sano
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Lon S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles122Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - William W Seeley
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Amanda G Smith
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | | | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Robert A Stern
- Department of Neurology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Otto Valladares
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Linda J Van Eldik
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Harry V Vinters
- Department of Neurology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles125Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Jean Paul Vonsattel
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois127Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen A Welsh-Bohmer
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina128Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer Williamson
- Taub Institute on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Wishnek
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Clinton B Wright
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Chang-En Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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McCluskey L, Vandriel S, Elman L, Van Deerlin VM, Powers J, Boller A, Wood EM, Woo J, McMillan CT, Rascovsky K, Grossman M. ALS-Plus syndrome: non-pyramidal features in a large ALS cohort. J Neurol Sci 2014; 345:118-24. [PMID: 25086858 PMCID: PMC4177937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autopsy studies show widespread pathology in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but clinical surveys of multisystem disease in ALS are rare. We investigated ALS-Plus syndrome, an understudied group of patients with clinical features extending beyond pyramidal and neuromuscular systems with or without cognitive/behavioral deficits. METHODS In a large, consecutively-ascertained cohort of 550 patients with ALS, we documented atypical clinical manifestations. Genetic screening for C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansions was performed in 343 patients, and SOD1, TARDBP, and VCP were tested in the subgroup of patients with a family history of ALS. Gray matter and white matter imaging was available in a subgroup of 30 patients. RESULTS Seventy-five (13.6%) patients were identified with ALS-Plus syndrome. We found disorders of ocular motility, cerebellar, extrapyramidal and autonomic functioning. Relative to those without ALS-Plus, cognitive impairment (8.0% vs 2.9%, p=0.029), bulbar-onset (49.3% vs 23.2%, p<0.001), and pathogenic mutations (20.0% vs 8.4%, p=0.015) were more than twice as common in ALS-Plus. Survival was significantly shorter in ALS-Plus (29.66 months vs 42.50 months, p=0.02), regardless of bulbar-onset or mutation status. Imaging revealed significantly greater cerebellar and cerebral disease in ALS-Plus compared to those without ALS-Plus. CONCLUSIONS ALS-Plus syndrome is not uncommon, and the presence of these atypical features is consistent with neuropathological observations that ALS is a multisystem disorder. ALS-Plus syndrome is associated with increased risk for poor survival and the presence of a pathogenic mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo McCluskey
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shannon Vandriel
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Vivianna M Van Deerlin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Powers
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ashley Boller
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elisabeth McCarty Wood
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Woo
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Corey T McMillan
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Murray Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
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