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Liu H, Zheng J, Liao A. The regulation and potential roles of m6A modifications in early embryonic development and immune tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:988130. [PMID: 36225914 PMCID: PMC9549360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.988130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface was determined by the crosstalk between the trophoblast and maternal-derived cells, which dynamically changed during the whole gestation. Trophoblasts act as innate immune cells and dialogue with maternal-derived cells to ensure early embryonic development, depending on the local immune microenvironment. Therefore, dysfunctions in trophoblasts and maternal decidual cells contribute to pregnancy complications, especially recurrent pregnancy loss in early pregnancy. Since many unknown regulatory factors still affect the complex immune status, exploring new potential aspects that could influence early pregnancy is essential. RNA methylation plays an important role in contributing to the transcriptional regulation of various cells. Sufficient studies have shown the crucial roles of N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- and m6A-associated- regulators in embryogenesis during implantation. They are also essential in regulating innate and adaptive immune cells and the immune response and shaping the local and systemic immune microenvironment. However, the function of m6A modifications at the maternal-fetal interface still lacks wide research. This review highlights the critical functions of m6A in early embryonic development, summarizes the reported research on m6A in regulating immune cells and tumor immune microenvironment, and identifies the potential value of m6A modifications in shaping trophoblasts, decidual immune cells, and the microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. The m6A modifications are more likely to contribute to embryogenesis, placentation and shape the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface. Uncovering these crucial regulatory mechanisms could provide novel therapeutic targets for RNA methylation in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated in Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Reproduction, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Affiliated in Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zheng, ; Aihua Liao,
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zheng, ; Aihua Liao,
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102
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Chen M, Shi JL, Zheng ZM, Lin Z, Li MQ, Shao J. Galectins: Important Regulators in Normal and Pathologic Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710110. [PMID: 36077508 PMCID: PMC9456357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gal) are characterized by their affinity for galactoside structures on glycoconjugates. This relationship is mediated by carbohydrate recognition domains, which are multifunctional regulators of basic cellular biological processes with high structural similarity among family members. They participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in reproductive immunology. Recently, the discovery that galectins are highly expressed at the maternal–fetal interface has garnerd the interest of experts in human reproduction. Galectins are involved in a variety of functions such as maternal–fetal immune tolerance, angiogenesis, trophoblast invasion and placental development and are considered to be important mediators of successful embryo implantation and during pregnancy. Dysregulation of these galectins is associated with abnormal and pathological pregnancies (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth). Our work reviews the regulatory mechanisms of galectins in normal and pathological pregnancies and has implications for clinicians in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jia-Lu Shi
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zi-Meng Zheng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jun Shao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (M.-Q.L.); (J.S.)
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Barry F, Benart L, Robert L, Gala A, Ferrières-Hoa A, Loup V, Anahory T, Brouillet S, Hamamah S. [HLA-C KIR interactions and placental defects: Implications in ART pregnancy issues]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2022; 50:600-609. [PMID: 35724923 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update data concerning the impact of HLA-C KIR system on placental disorders and assess the involvement on ART clinical outcomes. METHOD Ensuring the maintenance of human pregnancy requires the set up of immunological tolerance to prevent foetus rejection. This phenomenon involves different actors of the immune system: among them, uterine NK cells (uNK) hold specific KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like) receptors linking to HLA molecules on the surface of trophoblastic cells at implantation. Many studies provided evidence that the specific interaction between maternal KIR and foetal HLA-C could influence the process of placentation; according to the KIR haplotype and the type of HLA-C, the interaction could be detrimental for placental function. We reviewed the latest data available regarding HLA-C KIR interactions and ART outcomes. RESULTS The available results highlight a significant increase of preeclampsia risk and recurrent miscarriages when the maternal inhibitory haplotype KIR AA is present, this risk is all the more enhanced when the interaction occurs with foetal HLA-C2. Recent data suggest the consequences of this detrimental interaction in case of DET (double embryo transfer) or use of donor's oocytes in ART practice. On the other hand, maternal KIR AB or BB haplotypes haven't been related to an additional obstetrical risk, as well as the foetal HLA-C1 homozygous allotype. CONCLUSION Despite the existence of many confoundings in current literature on the subject, interaction between maternal KIR and foetal HLA-C represent a promising target lead to broaden the spectrum of placental defects etiologies, especially in the reproductive health area.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Barry
- UMR Inserm DEFE 1203, développement embryonnaire, fertilité et environnement, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - L Benart
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - L Robert
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - A Gala
- UMR Inserm DEFE 1203, développement embryonnaire, fertilité et environnement, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - A Ferrières-Hoa
- UMR Inserm DEFE 1203, développement embryonnaire, fertilité et environnement, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - V Loup
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - T Anahory
- Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - S Brouillet
- UMR Inserm DEFE 1203, développement embryonnaire, fertilité et environnement, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
| | - S Hamamah
- UMR Inserm DEFE 1203, développement embryonnaire, fertilité et environnement, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Département de Biologie de la Reproduction et CECOS, unité AMP/DPI, CHU Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
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104
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Kojima J, Ono M, Kuji N, Nishi H. Human Chorionic Villous Differentiation and Placental Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148003. [PMID: 35887349 PMCID: PMC9325306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the placenta provides the only fetomaternal connection and is essential for establishing a pregnancy as well as fetal well-being. Additionally, it allows maternal physiological adaptation and embryonic immunological acceptance, support, and nutrition. The placenta is derived from extra-embryonic tissues that develop rapidly and dynamically in the first weeks of pregnancy. It is primarily composed of trophoblasts that differentiate into villi, stromal cells, macrophages, and fetal endothelial cells (FEC). Placental differentiation may be closely related to perinatal diseases, including fetal growth retardation (FGR) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and miscarriage. There are limited findings regarding human chorionic villous differentiation and placental development because conducting in vivo studies is extremely difficult. Placental tissue varies widely among species. Thus, experimental animal findings are difficult to apply to humans. Early villous differentiation is difficult to study due to the small tissue size; however, a detailed analysis can potentially elucidate perinatal disease causes or help develop novel therapies. Artificial induction of early villous differentiation using human embryonic stem (ES) cells/induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells was attempted, producing normally differentiated villi that can be used for interventional/invasive research. Here, we summarized and correlated early villous differentiation findings and discussed clinical diseases.
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105
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DeBolt CA, Rosenberg HM, Pruzan A, Goldberger C, Kaplowitz E, Buckley A, Vieira L, Stone J, Bianco A. Patients with resolution of low-lying placenta and placenta previa remain at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:103-108. [PMID: 34826174 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether women who experience resolution of low placentation (low-lying placenta or placenta previa) are at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at Mount Sinai Hospital between 2015 and 2019, and who were diagnosed with low-lying placenta or placenta previa on transvaginal ultrasound at the time of the second-trimester anatomical survey, with resolution of low placentation on subsequent ultrasound examination. Women undergoing second-trimester anatomical survey who had normal placentation on transvaginal ultrasound 3 days before or after the cases were randomly identified for comparison. The primary outcome was the rate of postpartum hemorrhage. Secondary outcomes included the need for a blood transfusion, use of additional uterotonic medication, the need for additional procedures to control bleeding, and maternal admission to the intensive care unit. Outcomes were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 1256 women were identified for analysis, of whom 628 had resolved low placentation and 628 had normal placentation. Women with resolved low placentation, compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy, had significantly higher mean age (33.0 ± 5.4 years vs 31.9 ± 5.5 years; P < 0.01) and lower mean body mass index at delivery (27.9 ± 5.5 kg/m2 vs 30.2 ± 5.7 kg/m2 ; P < 0.01), and were more likely to have undergone in-vitro fertilization, be of non-Hispanic white race, have posterior placental location (all P < 0.01) and have private/commercial health insurance (P = 0.04). Patients with resolved low placentation vs normal placentation had greater odds of postpartum hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.5 (95% CI, 2.0-6.0); P < 0.01), use of additional uterotonic medication (aOR, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5-3.1); P < 0.01) and increased rates of additional procedures to control bleeding (aOR, 4.0 (95% CI, 1.3-11.9); P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite high rates of resolution of low-lying placenta and placenta previa by term, women with resolved low placentation remain at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage compared to those with normal placentation throughout pregnancy. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A DeBolt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - H M Rosenberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Pruzan
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Goldberger
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Kaplowitz
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Buckley
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Vieira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Stone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Bianco
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Mount Sinai Health System and Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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106
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Abstract
Pregnancy complications adversely impact both mother and/or fetus throughout the lifespan. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) occurs when a fetus fails to reach their intrauterine potential for growth, it is the second highest leading cause of infant mortality, and leads to increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases in later life due 'fetal programming'. Abnormal placental development, growth and/or function underlies approximately 75% of FGR cases and there is currently no treatment save delivery, often prematurely. We previously demonstrated in a murine model of FGR that nanoparticle mediated, intra-placental human IGF-1 gene therapy maintains normal fetal growth. Multiple models of FGR currently exist reflecting the etiologies of human FGR and have been used by us and others to investigate the development of in utero therapeutics as discussed here. In addition to the in vivo models discussed herein, utilizing human models including in vitro (Choriocarcinoma cell lines and primary trophoblasts) and ex vivo (term villous fragments and placenta cotyledon perfusion) we have demonstrated robust nanoparticle uptake, transgene expression, nutrient transporter regulation without transfer to the fetus. For translational gene therapy application in the human placenta, there are multiple avenues that require investigation including syncytial uptake from the maternal circulation, transgene expression, functionality and longevity of treatment, impact of treatment on the mother and developing fetus. The potential impact of treating the placenta during gestation is high, wide-ranging across pregnancy complications, and may offer reduced risk of developing associated cardio-metabolic diseases in later life impacting at both an individual and societal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylea N Davenport
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Rebecca L Wilson
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States
| | - Helen N Jones
- Center for Research in Perinatal Outcomes, University of Florida College of Medicine, United States.
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107
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Whettlock EM, Woon EV, Cuff AO, Browne B, Johnson MR, Male V. Dynamic Changes in Uterine NK Cell Subset Frequency and Function Over the Menstrual Cycle and Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880438. [PMID: 35784314 PMCID: PMC9245422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine natural killer cells (uNK) play an important role in promoting successful pregnancy by regulating trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling in the first trimester. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on first-trimester decidua showed that uNK can be divided into three subsets, which may have different roles in pregnancy. Here we present an integration of previously published scRNAseq datasets, together with novel flow cytometry data to interrogate the frequency, phenotype, and function of uNK1–3 in seven stages of the reproductive cycle (menstrual, proliferative, secretory phases of the menstrual cycle; first, second, and third trimester; and postpartum). We found that uNK1 and uNK2 peak in the first trimester, but by the third trimester, the majority of uNK are uNK3. All three subsets are most able to degranulate and produce cytokines during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and express KIR2D molecules, which allow them to interact with HLA-C expressed by placental extravillous trophoblast cells, at the highest frequency during the first trimester. Taken together, our findings suggest that uNK are particularly active and able to interact with placental cells at the time of implantation and that uNK1 and uNK2 may be particularly involved in these processes. Our findings are the first to establish how uNK frequency and function change dynamically across the healthy reproductive cycle. This serves as a platform from which the relationship between uNK function and impaired implantation and placentation can be investigated. This will have important implications for the study of subfertility, recurrent miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, and pre-term labour.
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108
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Gauster M, Moser G, Wernitznig S, Kupper N, Huppertz B. Early human trophoblast development: from morphology to function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:345. [PMID: 35661923 PMCID: PMC9167809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy depends on the proper development of the embryo prior to implantation and the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. During the pre-implantation phase, formation of the morula is followed by internalization of blastomeres that differentiate into the pluripotent inner cell mass lineage, while the cells on the surface undergo polarization and differentiate into the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. The trophectoderm mediates apposition and adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium. These processes lead to a stable contact between embryonic and maternal tissues, resulting in the formation of a new organ, the placenta. During implantation, the trophectoderm cells start to differentiate and form the basis for multiple specialized trophoblast subpopulations, all of which fulfilling specific key functions in placentation. They either differentiate into polar cells serving typical epithelial functions, or into apolar invasive cells that adapt the uterine wall to progressing pregnancy. The composition of these trophoblast subpopulations is crucial for human placenta development and alterations are suggested to result in placenta-associated pregnancy pathologies. This review article focuses on what is known about very early processes in human reproduction and emphasizes on morphological and functional aspects of early trophoblast differentiation and subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerit Moser
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Wernitznig
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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109
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Cajachagua-Torres KN, El Marroun H, Reiss IKM, Jaddoe VWV. Maternal preconception and pregnancy tobacco and cannabis use in relation to placental developmental markers: A population-based study. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:70-77. [PMID: 35378220 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Maternal tobacco and cannabis use during pregnancy are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. We hypothesized that maternal tobacco and cannabis use are associated with placental adaptations, which subsequently lead to adverse perinatal outcomes. In a population-based prospective cohort study of 8008 pregnant women, we assessed maternal tobacco and cannabis use by questionnaires. Placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) were measured in the first and second trimester and at delivery from blood samples. Placental weight and pregnancy complications were obtained from medical records. We observed that tobacco use before and during first-trimester only was not associated with any angiogenic factors. As compared to no tobacco use, continued use during pregnancy was associated with higher PlGF, lower sFlt-1 concentrations, and lower sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in second trimester (all p-values <0.05). Also, compared to no cannabis use, use before and during pregnancy was associated with higher PlGF concentrations and lower sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in first and second trimester (all p-values <0.05). First trimester only cannabis use was associated with higher sFlt-1 concentrations and higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio at delivery (all p-values <0.05). Compared to non-use, tobacco use before pregnancy was associated with a higher placental weight, whereas continued tobacco use during pregnancy was associated with a lower placental weight. Continued tobacco or cannabis use was related to higher placental weight to birth weight ratio and higher risk of pregnancy complications (all p-values <0.05). These results suggest that maternal tobacco and cannabis use lead to placental vascular maladaptation predisposing to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim N Cajachagua-Torres
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanan El Marroun
- The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Acuña F, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL, Ranea G, Miglino MA, Flamini MA. Spontaneous embryonic death in plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus - Rodentia), a species with unique reproductive characteristics. Theriogenology 2022; 185:88-96. [PMID: 35395589 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous embryonic death is a conserved reproductive event in Eutherians. The macro and microscopic characteristics of this type of death are similar between the different taxa. However, in the hystricomorphic rodent plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus) is exceptional in terms of massiveness (80% embryonic resorption). In this species, of the 10-12 implantation sites (IS) (half in each uterine horn), only the caudal embryos will survive, resorbing the cranial and intermediate IS. We hypothesize that uterine structural variations in L. maximus restrict growth and promote embryo death, with the consequent loss of placental homeostasis in the cranial and middle IS. In this study, different studies (ultrasonography, macroscopy and microscopy) were carried out to analyze different aspects of the intermediate gestation of L. maximus (46 days postcoitus). Ultrasonographic studies revealed that the cranial and middle IS (IS-1, IS-2, and IS-3) had no recognizable embryonic and placental structures as compared to the caudal implantation sites (IS-4). Macroscopically, the areas corresponding to the embryos in the cranial and middle IS were occupied by a necrotic black semi-fluid mass. Moreover, the placenta in these IS was undifferentiated. However, in the caudal IS both the embryo and its placenta were distinguishable. Using histological and immunohistochemical techniques, it was observed that the placentas of IS-1, IS-2 and IS-3 were disorganized and showed hemorrhage, inflammatory infiltration containing neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells and foreign body giant cells, apoptotic trophoblast, and a layer of collagen fibers and fibroblasts that circumscribed each of these IS. In contrast, the placenta of the caudal IS showed an organized maternal-embryonic interface. The characteristics observed in IS in resorption of viscachas in intermediate gestation show that, regardless of gestation time, embryonic death has a similar macro and microscopic morphological pattern among eutherians with invasive placentation. However, the massiveness and sectorization of embryonic death in the plains viscacha make the species a unique model for the study of this reproductive event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT-La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT-La Plata, Argentina
| | - Enrique Leo Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT-La Plata, Argentina; Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Guadalupe Ranea
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Angélica Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de San Pablo, San Pablo, Brazil
| | - Mirta Alicia Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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Carter AM. Evolution of Placental Hormones: Implications for Animal Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:891927. [PMID: 35692413 PMCID: PMC9176407 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.891927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human placenta secretes a variety of hormones, some of them in large amounts. Their effects on maternal physiology, including the immune system, are poorly understood. Not one of the protein hormones specific to human placenta occurs outside primates. Instead, laboratory and domesticated species have their own sets of placental hormones. There are nonetheless several examples of convergent evolution. Thus, horse and human have chorionic gonadotrophins with similar functions whilst pregnancy-specific glycoproteins have evolved in primates, rodents, horses, and some bats, perhaps to support invasive placentation. Placental lactogens occur in rodents and ruminants as well as primates though evolved through duplication of different genes and with functions that only partially overlap. There are also placental hormones, such as the pregnancy-associated glycoproteins of ruminants, that have no equivalent in human gestation. This review focusses on the evolution of placental hormones involved in recognition and maintenance of pregnancy, in maternal adaptations to pregnancy and lactation, and in facilitating immune tolerance of the fetal semiallograft. The contention is that knowledge gained from laboratory and domesticated mammals can translate to a better understanding of human placental endocrinology, but only if viewed in an evolutionary context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M. Carter
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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112
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Pascual F. Trophoblast Organoids: A New Tool for Studying Placental Development. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:54003. [PMID: 35638568 PMCID: PMC9153080 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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Xu C, Ma H, Gao F, Zhang C, Hu W, Jia Y, Xu J, Hu J. Screening of Organophosphate Flame Retardants with Placentation-Disrupting Effects in Human Trophoblast Organoid Model and Characterization of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Mice. Environ Health Perspect 2022; 130:57002. [PMID: 35503735 PMCID: PMC9064024 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal placental development may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic diseases in adulthood; however, it remains unknown whether and how xenobiotics affect human placentation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to screen and identify placentation-disrupting chemicals in commonly used organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and, if identified, to investigate potential adverse effects on placentation in relation to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorder in offspring in mice. METHODS We devised a high-throughput immunofluorescence screening assay based on human trophoblast organoids and used it to screen OPFRs that inhibit the proliferation of organoids. One identified chemical was assessed for its effects on placentation by evaluating villous cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and extravillous trophoblasts using immunofluorescence and a mitochondrial stress test after 2 d of exposure. A 10-d exposure study was further performed to observe the dynamic effect of the OPFR on the structure of the organoids. RNA-sequencing and western blotting experiments were performed to explore the associated pathways, and a potential binding protein was identified by immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase activity assays. Animal studies were performed to determine whether the findings in organoids could be replicated in mice and to observe adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The proliferation of organoids exposed to three aryl-OPFRs was significantly lower than the proliferation of control organoids. Further analysis demonstrated that one such chemical, 2-ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP), disrupted placentation in organoids. Mechanistically, EHDPP interfered with insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) to inhibit aerobic respiration. Mice exposed to EHDPP at a physiological human concentrations exhibited immature and mature placental disorders, which correlated with fetal growth restriction, implantation failure, stillbirth, and impaired glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The human trophoblast organoid model showed that the commonly used OPFRs disrupted placentation via IGF1R, indicating that its use may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10273.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenke Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haojia Ma
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Fumei Gao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingting Jia
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Process, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Maia J, Fonseca BM, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. The endocannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol modulate the expression of angiogenic factors on HTR8/SVneo placental cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 180:102440. [PMID: 35490598 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest on the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human reproduction has grown due to its involvement in placenta development, which led to growing concerns over pregnant cannabis consumer's impact on pregnancy outcome. The endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) modulate placental trophoblast proliferation and apoptosis. However, their role on other placentation events such as angiogenesis and invasion are unknown. Using the human extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells, a well-accepted model of first trimester extravillous trophoblast (EVT), this study aims to investigate whether AEA and 2-AG can modulate the expression of angiogenesis- and invasion-related factors. Transcript analysis of angiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) protein family demonstrated the ability of AEA to increase VEGF-C and VEGFR3 expression via cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 while the placental growth factor (PlGF) was increased through CB1. Moreover, an increase in VEGFR1, sFLT1, VEGFR2, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 independent of cannabinoid receptor activation was verified. However, 2-AG only increased PlGF transcript through CB1/CB2 activation. Both endocannabinoids stimulated HTR8/SVneo endothelial-like tube formation. As for the wound healing assay, only 2-AG was able to increase the percentage of wound closure. Moreover, the data demonstrated that both AEA and 2-AG, via cannabinoid receptors, activated the STAT3 signaling pathway. Distinct effects were observed on transcription factor HIF-1α and AKT phosphorylation that decreased with both endocannabinoids. Although different angiogenic and migration factors are affected the results obtained in this work showcase once more the ability of the endocannabinoids to modulate key processes in placental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Maia
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - B M Fonseca
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - N Teixeira
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal
| | - G Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313 Portugal.
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Sung DC, Chen X, Chen M, Yang J, Schultz S, Babu A, Xu Y, Gao S, Keller TCS, Mericko-Ishizuka P, Lee M, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Kahn ML. VE-cadherin enables trophoblast endovascular invasion and spiral artery remodeling during placental development. eLife 2022; 11:e77241. [PMID: 35486098 PMCID: PMC9106330 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During formation of the mammalian placenta, trophoblasts invade the maternal decidua and remodel spiral arteries to bring maternal blood into the placenta. This process, known as endovascular invasion, is thought to involve the adoption of functional characteristics of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) by trophoblasts. The genetic and molecular basis of endovascular invasion remains poorly defined, however, and whether trophoblasts utilize specialized endothelial proteins in an analogous manner to create vascular channels remains untested. Vascular endothelial (VE-)cadherin is a homotypic adhesion protein that is expressed selectively by ECs in which it enables formation of tight vessels and regulation of EC junctions. VE-cadherin is also expressed in invasive trophoblasts and is a prime candidate for a molecular mechanism of endovascular invasion by those cells. Here, we show that VE-cadherin is required for trophoblast migration and endovascular invasion into the maternal decidua in the mouse. VE-cadherin deficiency results in loss of spiral artery remodeling that leads to decreased flow of maternal blood into the placenta, fetal growth restriction, and death. These studies identify a non-endothelial role for VE-cadherin in trophoblasts during placental development and suggest that endothelial proteins may play functionally unique roles in trophoblasts that do not simply mimic those in ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek C Sung
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Mei Chen
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jisheng Yang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Susan Schultz
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Yitian Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Siqi Gao
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - TC Stevenson Keller
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Patricia Mericko-Ishizuka
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Michelle Lee
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South FloridaTampaUnited States
| | - Joshua P Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South FloridaTampaUnited States
| | - Mark L Kahn
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Hussein AM, Elbarmelgy RA, Elbarmelgy RM, Thabet MM, Jauniaux E. Prospective evaluation of impact of post-Cesarean section uterine scarring in perinatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:474-482. [PMID: 34225385 PMCID: PMC9311077 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standardized ultrasound imaging and pathology protocols have recently been developed for the perinatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of these standardized protocols in the prenatal diagnosis and postnatal examination of women presenting with a low-lying placenta or placenta previa and a history of multiple Cesarean deliveries (CDs). METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 84 consecutive women with a history of two or more prior CDs presenting with a singleton pregnancy and low-lying placenta/placenta previa at 32-37 weeks' gestation, who were referred for perinatal care and management between 15 January 2019 and 15 December 2020. All women were investigated using the standardized description of ultrasound signs of PAS proposed by the European Working Group on abnormally invasive placenta. In all cases, the ultrasound features were compared with intraoperative and histopathological findings. Areas of abnormal placental attachment were identified during the immediate postoperative gross examination and sampled for histological examination. The data of a subgroup of 32 women diagnosed antenatally as non-PAS who had complete placental separation at birth were compared with those of 39 cases diagnosed antenatally as having PAS disorder that was confirmed by histopathology at delivery. RESULTS Of the 84 women included in the study, 42 (50.0%) were diagnosed prenatally as PAS and the remaining 42 (50.0%) as non-PAS on ultrasound examination. Intraoperatively, 66 (78.6%) women presented with a large or extended area of dehiscence and 52 (61.9%) with a dense tangled bed of vessels or multiple vessels running laterally and craniocaudally in the uterine serosa. A loss of clear zone was recorded on grayscale ultrasound imaging in all 84 cases, while there was no case with bladder-wall interruption or with a focal exophytic mass. Myometrial thinning (< 1 mm) in at least one area of the anterior uterine wall was found in 41 (97.6%) of the 42 cases diagnosed as non-PAS on ultrasound and 37 (88.1%) of the 42 diagnosed antenatally as PAS. Histological samples were available for all 48 hysterectomy specimens with abnormal placental attachment and for the three cases managed conservatively with focal myometrial resection and uterine reconstruction. Villous tissue was found directly attached to the superficial myometrium (placenta creta) in six of these cases and both creta villous tissue and deeply implanted villous tissue within the uterine wall (placenta increta) were found in the remaining 45 cases. There was no evidence of percreta placentation on histology in any of the PAS cases. Comparison of the main antenatal ultrasound signs and perioperative macroscopic findings between the two subgroups correctly diagnosed antenatally (32 non-PAS and 39 PAS) showed no significant difference with respect to the distribution of myometrial thinning and the presence of a placental bulge on ultrasound and of anterior uterine wall dehiscence intraoperatively. Compared with the non-PAS subgroup, the PAS subgroup showed significantly higher placental lacunae grade (P < 0.001) and more often hypervascularity of the uterovesical/subplacental area (P < 0.001), presence of bridging vessels (P = 0.027) and presence of lacunae feeder vessels (P < 0.001) on ultrasound examination, and increased vascularization of the anterior uterine wall intraoperatively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Remodeling of the lower uterine segment following CD scarring leads to structural abnormalities of the uterine contour on both ultrasound examination and intraoperatively, independently of the presence of accreta villous tissue on microscopic examination. These anatomical changes are often reported as diagnostic of placenta percreta, including cases with no histological evidence of PAS. Guided histological examination could improve the overall diagnosis of PAS and is essential to obtain evidence-based epidemiologic data. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Hussein
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of CairoCairoEgypt
| | - R. A. Elbarmelgy
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of CairoCairoEgypt
| | - R. M. Elbarmelgy
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of CairoCairoEgypt
| | - M. M. Thabet
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of CairoCairoEgypt
| | - E. Jauniaux
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Plante I, Winn LM, Vaillancourt C, Grigorova P, Parent L. Killing two birds with one stone: Pregnancy is a sensitive window for endocrine effects on both the mother and the fetus. Environ Res 2022; 205:112435. [PMID: 34843719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complex process requiring tremendous physiological changes in the mother in order to fulfill the needs of the growing fetus, and to give birth, expel the placenta and nurse the newborn. These physiological modifications are accompanied with psychological changes, as well as with variations in habits and behaviors. As a result, this period of life is considered as a sensitive window as impaired functional and physiological changes in the mother can have short- and long-term impacts on her health. In addition, dysregulation of the placenta and of mechanisms governing placentation have been linked to chronic diseases later-on in life for the fetus, in a concept known as the Developmental Origin of Health and Diseases (DOHaD). This concept stipulates that any change in the environment during the pre-conception and perinatal (in utero life and neonatal) period to puberty, can be "imprinted" in the organism, thereby impacting the health and risk of chronic diseases later in life. Pregnancy is a succession of events that is regulated, in large part, by hormones and growth factors. Therefore, small changes in hormonal balance can have important effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. An increasing number of studies demonstrate that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) affect both the mother and the fetus giving rise to growing concerns surrounding these exposures. This review will give an overview of changes that happen during pregnancy with respect to the mother, the placenta, and the fetus, and of the current literature regarding the effects of EDCs during this specific sensitive window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Plante
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Louise M Winn
- Queen's University, School of Environmental Studies, Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petya Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lise Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Chavatte-Palmer P, Derisoud E, Robles M. Pregnancy and placental development in horses: an update. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 79:106692. [PMID: 34823139 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Horses have been domesticated by man and historical information mostly associates horses with men. Nowadays, however, horse riding is essentially by women. Women are also very much involved in equine sciences, with a large contribution to the understanding of fetoplacental development. While highlighting the work of female scientists, this review describes the recent advances in equine fetoplacental studies, focusing on data obtained by new generation sequencing and progress on the understanding of the role of placental progesterone metabolites throughout gestation. A second emphasis is made on fetal programming, a currently very active field, where the importance of maternal nutrition, mare management or the use of embryo technologies has been shown to induce long term effects in the offspring that might affect progeny's performance. Finally, new perspectives for the study of equine pregnancy are drawn, that will rely on new methodologies applied to molecular explorations and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
| | - E Derisoud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France
| | - M Robles
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas 78350, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France; INRS Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec H7V1B7, Canada
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Metz TD, Allshouse AA, Pinar H, Varner M, Smid MC, Hogue C, Dudley DJ, Bukowski R, Saade GR, Goldenberg RL, Reddy U, Silver RM. Maternal Marijuana Exposure, Feto-Placental Weight Ratio, and Placental Histology. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:546-553. [PMID: 32971561 PMCID: PMC10506868 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marijuana use is associated with placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction, but the mechanism remains uncertain. The objective was to evaluate the association between maternal marijuana use and the feto-placental weight ratio (FPR). Secondarily, we aimed to compare placental histology of women who used marijuana to those who did not. STUDY DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of singleton pregnancies enrolled in a multicenter and case-control stillbirth study. Prior marijuana use was detected by electronic medical record abstraction or cord homogenate positive for 11-nor-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid. Prior tobacco use was detected by self-report or presence of maternal serum cotinine. Stillbirths and live births were considered separately. The primary outcome was FPR. Association of marijuana use with FPR was estimated with multivariable linear modeling adjusted for fetal sex, preterm birth, and tobacco use. Comparisons between groups for placental histology were made using Chi-square and stratified by live birth and stillbirth, term and preterm deliveries, and fetal sex. RESULTS Of 1,027 participants, 224 were stillbirths and 803 were live births. Overall, 41 (4%) women used marijuana during the pregnancy. The FPR ratio was lower among exposed offspring but reached statistical significance only for term stillbirths (mean 6.84 with marijuana use vs. mean 7.8 without use, p < 0.001). In multivariable modeling, marijuana use was not significantly associated with FPR (p = 0.09). There were no differences in histologic placental features among those with and without marijuana use overall or in stratified analyses. CONCLUSION Exposure to marijuana may not be associated with FPR. Similarly, there were no placental histologic features associated with marijuana exposure. Further study of the influence of maternal marijuana use on placental development and function is warranted to better understand the association between prenatal marijuana use and poor fetal growth. KEY POINTS · Maternal marijuana exposure was not associated with the feto-placental weight ratio.. · Marijuana exposure was not associated with differences in placental histology.. · Concerning trend toward lower feto-placental weight ratios among marijuana-exposed stillbirths..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Donald J Dudley
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Radek Bukowski
- University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Uma Reddy
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Jauniaux E, Jurkovic D, Hussein AM, Burton GJ. New insights into the etiopathology of placenta accreta spectrum. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:384-391. [PMID: 35248577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Placenta accreta has been described as a spectrum of abnormal attachment of villous tissue to the uterine wall, ranging from superficial attachment to the inner myometrium without interposing decidua to transmural invasion through the entire uterine wall and beyond. These descriptions have prevailed for more than 50 years and form the basis for the diagnosis and grading of accreta placentation. Accreta placentation is essentially the consequence of uterine remodeling after surgery, primarily after cesarean delivery. Large cesarean scar defects in the lower uterine segment are associated with failure of normal decidualization and loss of the subdecidual myometrium. These changes allow the placental anchoring villi to implant, and extravillous trophoblast cells to migrate, close to the serosal surface of the uterus. These microscopic features are central to the misconception that the accreta placental villous tissue is excessively invasive and have led to much confusion and heterogeneity in clinical data. Progressive recruitment of large arteries in the uterine wall, that is, helicine, arcuate, and/or radial arteries, results in high-velocity maternal blood entering the intervillous space from the first trimester of pregnancy and subsequent formation of placental lacunae. Recently, guided sampling of accreta areas at delivery has enabled accurate correlation of prenatal imaging data with intraoperative features and histopathologic findings. In more than 70% of samples, there were thick fibrinoid depositions between the tip of most anchoring villi and the underlying uterine wall and around all deeply implanted villi. The distortion of the uteroplacental interface by these dense depositions and the loss of the normal plane of separation are the main factors leading to abnormal placental attachment. These data challenged the classical concept that placenta accreta is simply owing to villous tissue sitting atop the superficial myometrium without interposed decidua. Moreover, there is no evidence in accreta placentation that the extravillous trophoblast is abnormally invasive or that villous tissue can cross the uterine serosa into the pelvis. It is the size of the scar defect, the amount of placental tissue developing inside the scar, and the residual myometrial thickness in the scar area that determine the distance between the placental basal plate and the uterine serosa and thus the risk of accreta placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jauniaux
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Davor Jurkovic
- Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Graham J Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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McCracken SA, Seeho SKM, Carrodus T, Park JH, Woodland N, Gallery EDM, Morris JM, Ashton AW. Dysregulation of Oxygen Sensing/Response Pathways in Pregnancies Complicated by Idiopathic Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Early-Onset Preeclampsia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052772. [PMID: 35269911 PMCID: PMC8910827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are the leading causes of maternal and fetal morbidity/mortality. The central deficit in both conditions is impaired placentation due to poor trophoblast invasion, resulting in a hypoxic milieu in which oxidative stress contributes to the pathology. We examine the factors driving the hypoxic response in severely preterm PE (n = 19) and IUGR (n = 16) placentae compared to the spontaneous preterm (SPT) controls (n = 13) using immunoblotting, RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, proximity ligation assays, and Co-IP. Both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α are increased at the protein level and functional in pathological placentae, as target genes prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)2, PHD3, and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) are increased. Accumulation of HIF-α-subunits occurs in the presence of accessory molecules required for their degradation (PHD1, PHD2, and PHD3 and the E3 ligase von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)), which were equally expressed or elevated in the placental lysates of PE and IUGR. However, complex formation between VHL and HIF-α-subunits is defective. This is associated with enhanced VHL/DJ1 complex formation in both PE and IUGR. In conclusion, we establish a significant mechanism driving the maladaptive responses to hypoxia in the placentae from severe PE and IUGR, which is central to the pathogenesis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. McCracken
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +612-9926-4832; Fax: +612-9926-5266
| | - Sean K. M. Seeho
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Tamara Carrodus
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Jenny H. Park
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
| | - Narelle Woodland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Eileen D. M. Gallery
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Morris
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Northern Sydney Local Health District Research (Kolling Institute), St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia; (S.K.M.S.); (T.C.); (J.H.P.); (E.D.M.G.); (J.M.M.); (A.W.A.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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Abstract
Embryo mortality is responsible for greater losses in litter size in pigs. It is well known that pregnancy establishment is a complex process, and important changes occur continuously in both the corpora lutea and the endometrium, which varies depending on the pre-natal development phase: embryonic, pre-implantation or fetal stages. The placenta is a key organ responsible for the exchange of nutrients, metabolites and respiratory gases between mother and fetuses. The porcine placenta is diffuse, epitheliochorial, and placentation begins with implantation, which involves specialized cell adhesion and cell migration, leading to the attachment of the trophectoderm to the uterine endometrial lumen epithelium. The efficiency with which the placenta provides adequate amounts of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus is crucial for proper fetal growth and development. In the last decades, emphasis on selection for sow prolificacy has resulted in a substantial increase in the number of piglets born per litter, which had a direct effect on piglet quality, compromising birth weight and litter uniformity. Placental insufficiency will lead to fetal intrauterine growth restriction. This review addresses the main events of early embryo development, including preimplantation and implantation periods. In addition, placentation and its role on fetal development are covered, as well as intrauterine growth restriction, as it is a natural condition in the pig, with long lasting detrimental effects to the production chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R C L Almeida
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, CEP 31207-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - A L N Alvarenga Dias
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia, Rodovia BR-050, km 78 - CEP 38410-337, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
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dos Passos Junior RR, de Freitas RA, Dela Justina V, San Martín S, Lima VV, Giachini FR. Protein O-GlcNAcylation as a nutrient sensor signaling placental dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1032499. [PMID: 36531508 PMCID: PMC9754152 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1032499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During pregnancy, arterial hypertension may impair placental function, which is critical for a healthy baby's growth. Important proteins during placentation are known to be targets for O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation), and abnormal protein O-GlcNAcylation has been linked to pathological conditions such as hypertension. However, it is unclear how protein O-GlcNAcylation affects placental function and fetal growth throughout pregnancy during hypertension. METHODS To investigate this question, female Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were mated with male Wistar rats, and after pregnancy confirmation by vaginal smear, rats were divided into groups of 14, 17, and 20 days of pregnancy (DOPs). On the 14th, 17th, and 20th DOP, rats were euthanized, fetal parameters were measured, and placentas were collected for western blot, immunohistochemical, and morphological analyses. RESULTS SHR presented a higher blood pressure than the Wistar rats (p=0.001). Across all DOPs, SHR showed reduced fetal weight and an increase in small-for-gestational-age fetuses. While near-term placentas were heavier in SHR (p=0.006), placental efficiency decreased at 17 (p=0.01) and 20 DOPs (p<0.0001) in this group. Morphological analysis revealed reduced junctional zone area and labyrinth vasculature changes on SHR placentas in all DOPs. O-GlcNAc protein expression was lower in placentas from SHR compared with Wistar at 14, 17, and 20 DOPs. Decreased expression of O-GlcNAc transferase (p=0.01) and O-GlcNAcase (p=0.002) enzymes was found at 14 DOPs in SHR. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced placental O-GlcNAc content in both the junctional zone and labyrinth of the placentas from SHR. Periodic acid-Schiff analysis showed decreased glycogen cell content in the placentas from SHR at 14, 17, and 20 DOPs. Moreover, glucose transporter 1 expression was decreased in placentas from SHR in all DOPs. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation caused by insufficient placental nutritional apport contributes to placental dysfunction during hypertensive pregnancy, impairing fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vanessa Dela Justina
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
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Santos BR, dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, Barbosa EM, Mendonça LD, Santos EO, de Macedo IO, de Lavor MSL, Szawka RE, Serakides R, Silva JF. Kisspeptin treatment improves fetal-placental development and blocks placental oxidative damage caused by maternal hypothyroidism in an experimental rat model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:908240. [PMID: 35966095 PMCID: PMC9365946 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.908240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with fetal growth restriction, placental dysfunction, and reduced kisspeptin/Kiss1R at the maternal-fetal interface. Kisspeptin affects trophoblastic migration and has antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin in the fetal-placental dysfunction of hypothyroid Wistar rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of propylthiouracil. Kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10) treatment was performed every other day or daily beginning on day 8 of gestation. Feto-placental development, placental histomorphometry, and expression levels of growth factors (VEGF, PLGF, IGF1, IGF2, and GLUT1), hormonal (Dio2) and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL10, and IL6), markers of hypoxia (HIF1α) and oxidative damage (8-OHdG), antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, Cat, and GPx1), and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediators (ATF4, GRP78, and CHOP) were evaluated on day 18 of gestation. Daily treatment with Kp-10 increased free T3 and T4 levels and improved fetal weight. Both treatments reestablished the glycogen cell population in the junctional zone. Daily treatment with Kp-10 increased the gene expression levels of Plgf, Igf1, and Glut1 in the placenta of hypothyroid animals, in addition to blocking the increase in 8-OHdG and increasing protein and/or mRNA expression levels of SOD1, Cat, and GPx1. Daily treatment with Kp-10 did not alter the higher protein expression levels of VEGF, HIF1α, IL10, GRP78, and CHOP caused by hypothyroidism in the junctional zone compared to control, nor the lower expression of Dio2 caused by hypothyroidism. However, in the labyrinth zone, this treatment restored the expression of VEGF and IL10 and reduced the GRP78 and CHOP immunostaining. These findings demonstrate that daily treatment with Kp-10 improves fetal development and placental morphology in hypothyroid rats, blocks placental oxidative damage, and increases the expression of growth factors and antioxidant enzymes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Jeane Martinha dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macedo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Letícia Dias Mendonça
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Emilly Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Isabella Oliveira de Macedo
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Mário Sergio Lima de Lavor
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Raphael Escorsim Szawka
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rogeria Serakides
- Departamento de Clinica e Cirurgia Veterinarias, Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, Ilheus, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Juneo Freitas Silva,
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Ashoor G, Syngelaki A, Papastefanou I, Nicolaides KH, Akolekar R. Development and validation of model for prediction of placental dysfunction-related stillbirth from maternal factors, fetal weight and uterine artery Doppler at mid-gestation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:61-68. [PMID: 34643306 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the performance of a model combining maternal risk factors, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) at 19-24 weeks' gestation, for predicting all antepartum stillbirths and those due to impaired placentation, in a training dataset used for development of the model and in a validation dataset. METHODS The data for this study were derived from prospective screening for adverse obstetric outcome in women with singleton pregnancy attending for routine pregnancy care at 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 weeks' gestation. The study population was divided into a training dataset used to develop prediction models for placental dysfunction-related antepartum stillbirth and a validation dataset to which the models were then applied. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to develop a model based on a combination of maternal risk factors, EFW Z-score and UtA-PI multiples of the normal median. We examined the predictive performance of the model by, first, the ability of the model to discriminate between the stillbirth and live-birth groups, using the area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) and the detection rate (DR) at a fixed false-positive rate (FPR) of 10%, and, second, calibration by measurements of calibration slope and intercept. RESULTS The study population of 131 514 pregnancies included 131 037 live births and 477 (0.36%) stillbirths. There are four main findings of this study. First, 92.5% (441/477) of stillbirths were antepartum and 7.5% (36/477) were intrapartum, and 59.2% (261/441) of antepartum stillbirths were observed in association with placental dysfunction and 40.8% (180/441) were unexplained or due to other causes. Second, placental dysfunction accounted for 80.1% (161/201) of antepartum stillbirths at < 32 weeks' gestation, 54.2% (52/96) at 32 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks and 33.3% (48/144) at ≥ 37 weeks. Third, the risk of placental dysfunction-related antepartum stillbirth increased with increasing maternal weight and decreasing maternal height, was 3-fold higher in black than in white women, was 5.5-fold higher in parous women with previous stillbirth than in those with previous live birth, and was increased in smokers, in women with chronic hypertension and in parous women with a previous pregnancy complicated by pre-eclampsia and/or birth of a small-for-gestational-age baby. Fourth, in screening for placental dysfunction-related antepartum stillbirth by a combination of maternal risk factors, EFW and UtA-PI in the validation dataset, the DR at a 10% FPR was 62.3% (95% CI, 57.2-67.4%) and the AUC was 0.838 (95% CI, 0.799-0.878); these results were consistent with those in the dataset used for developing the algorithm and demonstrate high discrimination between affected and unaffected pregnancies. Similarly, the calibration slope was 1.029 and the intercept was -0.009, demonstrating good agreement between the predicted risk and observed incidence of placental dysfunction-related antepartum stillbirth. The performance of screening was better for placental dysfunction-related antepartum stillbirth at < 37 weeks' gestation compared to at term (DR at a 10% FPR, 69.8% vs 29.2%). CONCLUSIONS Screening at mid-gestation by a combination of maternal risk factors, EFW and UtA-PI can predict a high proportion of placental dysfunction-related stillbirths and, in particular, those that occur preterm. Such screening provides poor prediction of unexplained stillbirth or stillbirth due to other causes. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ashoor
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Syngelaki
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - I Papastefanou
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - K H Nicolaides
- Fetal Medicine Research Institute, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - R Akolekar
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Chatham, UK
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Zhou H, Pan Y, Yang W, Zhao C, Sun X, Hong B, Jin X, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Liu N, Zhang S, Zhu H. S100P promotes trophoblast syncytialization during early placenta development by regulating YAP1. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860261. [PMID: 36187124 PMCID: PMC9515983 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a severe complication of pregnancy that is caused by genetic abnormalities, immune dysfunction, aberrant cell biology, and tissue structure destruction. Among which, placental dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenetic progression of RPL. Although some regulatory factors associated with RPL have been reported, the placental changes correlated with RPL still need to be elucidated. Here, we found that a portion of RPL patients presented with low serum and placental S100P expression. Using a human trophoblast stem cell model, we demonstrated that S100P was exclusively expressed in syncytiotrophoblast (ST)-like syncytia (ST(2D)-TSCT) and that loss of S100P expression in ST(2D)-TSCT cells impaired β-hCG secretion, leading to syncytialization failure during early placental development. Moreover, we found that S100P is involved in regulating trophoblast syncytialization by downregulating the protein level of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), which plays a pivotal role in maintaining trophoblast stemness. Together, our findings suggest that S100P plays an essential role in regulating trophoblast syncytialization during early placental development in humans via YAP1. Additionally, lower serum S100P levels may predict poor pregnancy outcomes and represent a potentially useful marker for evaluating placental biological function during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibin Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Yang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenqiong Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Sun
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Hong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinli Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhu, ; Songying Zhang,
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyan Zhu, ; Songying Zhang,
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Guettler J, Forstner D, Gauster M. Maternal platelets at the first trimester maternal-placental interface - Small players with great impact on placenta development. Placenta 2021; 125:61-67. [PMID: 34920861 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In human pregnancy, maternal platelet counts decrease with each trimester, reaching a reduction by approximately ten percent at term in uncomplicated cases and recover to the levels of the non-pregnant state a few weeks postpartum. The time when maternal platelets start to occur in the early human placenta most likely coincides with the appearance of loosely cohesive endovascular trophoblast plugs showing capillary-sized channels by mid first trimester. At that time, platelets accumulate in intercellular gaps of anchoring parts of trophoblast columns and start to adhere to the surface of placental villi and the chorionic plate. This is considered as normal process that contributes to placenta development by acting on both the extravillous- and the villous trophoblast compartment. Release of platelet cargo into intercellular gaps of anchoring cell columns may affect partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and invasiveness of extravillous trophoblasts as well as deposition of fibrinoid in the basal plate. Activation of maternal platelets on the villous surface leads to perivillous fibrin-type fibrinoid deposition, contributing to the shaping of the developing placental villi and the intervillous space. In contrast, excess platelet activation at the villous surface leads to deregulation of the endocrine activity, sterile inflammation and local apoptosis of the syncytiotrophoblast. Platelets and their released cargo are adapted to pregnancy, and may be altered in high-risk pregnancies. Identification of different maternal platelet subpopulations, which show differential procoagulant ability and different response to anti-platelet therapy, are promising new future directions in deciphering the role of maternal platelets in human placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Guettler
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz; Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Forstner
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz; Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology; Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz; Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
The use of the mouse as a model organism is common in translational research. This mouse-human similarity holds true for placental development as well. Proper formation of the placenta is vital for development and survival of the maturing embryo. Placentation involves sequential steps with both embryonic and maternal cell lineages playing important roles. The first step in placental development is formation of the blastocyst wall (approximate embryonic days [E] 3.0-3.5). After implantation (∼E4.5), extraembryonic endoderm progressively lines the inner surface of the blastocyst wall (∼E4.5-5.0), forming the yolk sac that provides histiotrophic support to the embryo; subsequently, formation of the umbilical vessels (∼E8.5) supports transition to the chorioallantoic placenta and hemotrophic nutrition. The fully mature ("definitive") placenta is established by ∼E12.5. Abnormal placental development often leads to embryonic mortality, with the timing of death depending on when placental insufficiency takes place and which cells are involved. This comprehensive macroscopic and microscopic atlas highlights the key features of normal and abnormal mouse placental development from E4.5 to E18.5. This in-depth overview of a transient (and thus seldom-analyzed) developmental tissue should serve as a useful reference to aid researchers in identifying and describing mouse placental changes in engineered, induced, and spontaneous disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Elmore
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Robert Z Cochran
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Beth Lubeck
- National Toxicology Program, 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Beth Mahler
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Sabio
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jerrold M Ward
- Global Vet Pathology, Montgomery Village, MD, USA *Co-first authors
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Gualdoni G, Gomez Castro G, Hernández R, Barbeito C, Cebral E. Comparative matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression and activity during endotheliochorial and hemochorial trophoblastic invasiveness. Tissue Cell 2021; 74:101698. [PMID: 34871824 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
To establish a functional placenta, its development needs adequate trophoblastic invasiveness. The intricate and complex morphological and molecular aspects regulating trophoblastic invasion during endotheliochorial placentation of domestic carnivores and their similarities and differences with the hemochorial placenta are still poorly understood. During placentation processes, from the time of implantation, trophoblast cells invade the uterine endometrium where they achieve extensive degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix components; in this process, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and 9, have an essential role in rebuilding, cell migration, and invasiveness. This review provides an overview of comparative trophoblast invasive events and the expression and activity of MMP-2 and 9 during endotheliochorial and hemochorial placentation, emphasizing dog and mouse placental models. Understanding of trophoblastic invasiveness in two models of placentation, the intermediately invasive domestic carnivore endotheliochorial placenta, and the more highly invasive mouse hemochorial placenta, contributes to deepen knowledge of the trophoblast invasive processes and their diverse and complex human placental alterations, such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Gualdoni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gimena Gomez Castro
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC). Cátedra de Histología y Embriología. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Rocío Hernández
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC). Cátedra de Histología y Embriología. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Claudio Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada (LHYEDEC). Cátedra de Histología y Embriología. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Elisa Cebral
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Stenhouse C, Seo H, Wu G, Johnson GA, Bazer FW. Insights into the Regulation of Implantation and Placentation in Humans, Rodents, Sheep, and Pigs. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1354:25-48. [PMID: 34807435 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Precise cell-specific spatio-temporal molecular signaling cascades regulate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Importantly, the mechanisms regulating uterine receptivity, conceptus apposition and adhesion to the uterine luminal epithelia/superficial glandular epithelia and, in some species, invasion into the endometrial stroma and decidualization of stromal cells, are critical prerequisite events for placentation which is essential for the appropriate regulation of feto-placental growth for the remainder of pregnancy. Dysregulation of these signaling cascades during this critical stage of pregnancy can lead to pregnancy loss, impaired growth and development of the conceptus, and alterations in the transplacental exchange of gasses and nutrients. While many of these processes are conserved across species, significant variations in the molecular mechanisms governing maternal recognition of pregnancy, conceptus implantation, and placentation exist. This review addresses the complexity of key mechanisms that are critical for the establishment and maintenance of a successful pregnancy in humans, rodents, sheep, and pigs. Improving understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing these processes is critical to enhancing the fertility and reproductive health of humans and livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Heewon Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Gregory A Johnson
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science and Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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131
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James JL, Boss AL, Sun C, Allerkamp HH, Clark AR. From stem cells to spiral arteries: A journey through early placental development. Placenta 2021; 125:68-77. [PMID: 34819240 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Early placental development lays the foundation of a healthy pregnancy, and numerous tightly regulated processes must occur for the placenta to meet the increasing nutrient and oxygen exchange requirements of the growing fetus later in gestation. Inadequacies in early placental development can result in disorders such as fetal growth restriction that do not present clinically until the second half of gestation. Indeed, growth restricted placentae exhibit impaired placental development and function, including reduced overall placental size, decreased branching of villi and the blood vessels within them, altered trophoblast function, and impaired uterine vascular remodelling, which together combine to reduce placental exchange capacity. This review explores the importance of early placental development across multiple anatomical aspects of placentation, from the stem cells and lineage hierarchies from which villous core cells and trophoblasts arise, through extravillous trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodelling, and finally remodelling of the larger uterine vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L James
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Anna L Boss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cherry Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hanna H Allerkamp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alys R Clark
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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132
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Iqbal K, Pierce SH, Kozai K, Dhakal P, Scott RL, Roby KF, Vyhlidal CA, Soares MJ. Evaluation of Placentation and the Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway in a Rat Model of Dioxin Exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2021; 129:117001. [PMID: 34747641 PMCID: PMC8574979 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our environment is replete with chemicals that can affect embryonic and extraembryonic development. Dioxins, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are compounds affecting development through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of TCDD exposure on pregnancy and placentation and to evaluate roles for AHR and cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) in TCDD action. METHODS Actions of TCDD were examined in wild-type and genome-edited rat models. Placenta phenotyping was assessed using morphological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. RESULTS TCDD exposures were shown to result in placental adaptations and at higher doses, pregnancy termination. Deep intrauterine endovascular trophoblast cell invasion was a prominent placentation site adaptation to TCDD. TCDD-mediated placental adaptations were dependent upon maternal AHR signaling but not upon placental or fetal AHR signaling nor the presence of a prominent AHR target, CYP1A1. At the placentation site, TCDD activated AHR signaling within endothelial cells but not trophoblast cells. Immune and trophoblast cell behaviors at the uterine-placental interface were guided by the actions of TCDD on endothelial cells. DISCUSSION We identified an AHR regulatory pathway in rats activated by dioxin affecting uterine and trophoblast cell dynamics and the formation of the hemochorial placenta. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Stephen H. Pierce
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Keisuke Kozai
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pramod Dhakal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Regan L. Scott
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Katherine F. Roby
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Carrie A. Vyhlidal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KUMC, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Diao L, Hierweger AM, Wieczorek A, Arck PC, Thiele K. Disruption of Glucocorticoid Action on CD11c + Dendritic Cells Favors the Generation of CD4 + Regulatory T Cells and Improves Fetal Development in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729742. [PMID: 34764952 PMCID: PMC8576435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A wealth of innate and adaptive immune cells and hormones are involved in mounting tolerance towards the fetus, a key aspect of successful reproduction. We could recently show that the specific cross talk between the pregnancy hormone progesterone and dendritic cells (DCs) is significantly engaged in the generation of CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells while a disruption led to placental alterations and intra-uterine growth restriction. Apart from progesterone, also glucocorticoids affect immune cell functions. However, their functional relevance in the context of pregnancy still needs clarification. We developed a mouse line with a selective knockout of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on DCs, utilizing the cre/flox system. Reproductive outcome and maternal immune and endocrine adaptation of Balb/c-mated C57Bl/6 GRflox/floxCD11ccre/wt (mutant) females was assessed on gestation days (gd) 13.5 and 18.5. Balb/c-mated C57Bl/6 GRwt/wtCD11ccre/wt (wt) females served as controls. The number of implantation and fetal loss rate did not differ between groups. However, we identified a significant increase in fetal weight in fetuses from mutant dams. While the frequencies of CD11c+ cells remained largely similar, a decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules was observed on DCs of mutant females on gd 13.5, along with higher frequencies of CD4+ and CD8+ Treg cells. Histomorphological and gene expression analysis revealed an increased placental volume and an improved functional placental capacity in mice lacking the GR on CD11c+ DCs. In summary, we here demonstrate that the disrupted communication between GCs and DCs favors a tolerant immune microenvironment and improves placental function and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Thiele
- Division of Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Hornbachner R, Lackner A, Papuchova H, Haider S, Knöfler M, Mechtler K, Latos PA. MSX2 safeguards syncytiotrophoblast fate of human trophoblast stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2105130118. [PMID: 34507999 PMCID: PMC8449346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105130118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple placental pathologies are associated with failures in trophoblast differentiation, yet the underlying transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here, we discovered msh homeobox 2 (MSX2) as a key transcriptional regulator of trophoblast identity using the human trophoblast stem cell model. Depletion of MSX2 resulted in activation of the syncytiotrophoblast transcriptional program, while forced expression of MSX2 blocked it. We demonstrated that a large proportion of the affected genes were directly bound and regulated by MSX2 and identified components of the SWItch/Sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) complex as strong MSX2 interactors and target gene cobinders. MSX2 cooperated specifically with the SWI/SNF canonical BAF (cBAF) subcomplex and cooccupied, together with H3K27ac, a number of differentiation genes. Increased H3K27ac and cBAF occupancy upon MSX2 depletion imply that MSX2 prevents premature syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. Our findings established MSX2 as a repressor of the syncytiotrophoblast lineage and demonstrated its pivotal role in cell fate decisions that govern human placental development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Hornbachner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrieta Papuchova
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Haider
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Knöfler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Biology Unit, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Mechtler
- Protein Chemistry Facility, Institute of Molecular Pathology, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulina A Latos
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
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135
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Snoek KM, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Klaassen RA, Laven JSE, Schoenmakers S. Impact of Bariatric surgery on EmbrYONic, fetal and placental Development (BEYOND): protocol for a prospective cohort study embedded in the Rotterdam periconceptional cohort. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051110. [PMID: 34475184 PMCID: PMC8413945 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The worldwide obesity epidemic has resulted in a rise of bariatric surgery in women of reproductive age, which can lead to 'iatrogenic undernutrition'. Long-lasting undernutrition can affect maternal health, pregnancy outcomes and offspring. We hypothesise that embryonic and placental growth are impaired in pregnancies after bariatric surgery due to the changed nutritional and microbiome dynamics. Therefore, our aim is to conduct the Bariatrics and EmbrYONic Development (BEYOND) study to investigate parameters of maternal nutritional and health status after bariatric surgery, both periconceptionally and during pregnancy, particularly concentrating on embryonic and fetal growth trajectories as well as placental development. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We designed a single-centre prospective, observational cohort, which investigates the iatrogenic nutritional and health status of women after bariatric surgery, periconceptionally and during pregnancy. The BEYOND study is embedded in the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort, a tertiary hospital-based birth cohort study. Eligible participants are women planning pregnancy or <12+0 weeks pregnant, ≥18 and ≤45 years of age, who have undergone bariatric surgery (cases) or without prior bariatric surgery (controls) and their male partners. Medical charts will be reviewed and questionnaires regarding general health, lifestyle and food intake will be collected. Moreover, we will perform serial three-dimensional ultrasounds to assess embryonic growth and placental development and two-dimensional ultrasounds for fetal growth assessment. The microbiome, including the virome, and blood samples will be sampled during the preconception period and in each trimester. Multivariable linear mixed model analyses will be used to assess the associations between bariatric surgery and pregnancy outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This proposal was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee from the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Study results will be submitted for publication in high-impact journals, presented at scientific conferences, implemented into guidelines and communicated through the Erasmus MC and collaborating partners. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL8217 (www.trialregister.nl).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka M Snoek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - René A Klaassen
- Department of Surgery, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joop S E Laven
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mecacci F, Avagliano L, Lisi F, Clemenza S, Serena C, Vannuccini S, Rambaldi MP, Simeone S, Ottanelli S, Petraglia F. Fetal Growth Restriction: Does an Integrated Maternal Hemodynamic-Placental Model Fit Better? Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2422-2435. [PMID: 33211274 PMCID: PMC8346440 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing interest has arisen regarding the possible relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and inadequate maternal hemodynamic adaptations to the pregnancy. A possible association between "placental syndromes," such as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and subsequent maternal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life has been reported. The two subtypes of FGR show different pathogenetic and clinical features. Defective placentation, due to a poor trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries, is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE and FGR. Since placental functioning is dependent on the maternal cardiovascular system, a pre-existent or subsequent cardiovascular impairment may play a key role in the pathogenesis of early-onset FGR. Late FGR does not seem to be determined by a primary abnormal placentation in the first trimester. The pathological pathway of late-onset FGR may be due to a primary maternal cardiovascular maladaptation: CV system shows a flat profile and remains similar to those of non-pregnant women. Since the second trimester, when the placenta is already developed and increases its functional request, a hypovolemic state could lead to placental hypoperfusion and to an altered maturation of the placental villous tree and therefore to an altered fetal growth. Thus, this review focalizes on the possible relationship between maternal cardiac function and placentation in the development of both early and late-onset FGR. A better understanding of maternal hemodynamics in pregnancies complicated by FGR could bring various benefits in clinical practice, improving screening and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mecacci
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - L Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Lisi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Clemenza
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Serena
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - S Vannuccini
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - M P Rambaldi
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Simeone
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Ottanelli
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - F Petraglia
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 44, 50134, Florence, Italy
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Adams AD, Hoffmann V, Koehly L, Guedj F, Bianchi DW. Novel insights from fetal and placental phenotyping in 3 mouse models of Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:296.e1-296.e13. [PMID: 33766516 PMCID: PMC8429205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human fetuses with Down syndrome, placental pathology, structural anomalies and growth restriction are present. There is currently a significant lack of information regarding the early life span in mouse models of Down syndrome. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine embryonic day 18.5 and placental phenotype in the 3 most common mouse models of Down syndrome (Ts65Dn, Dp(16)1/Yey, Ts1Cje). Based on prenatal and placental phenotyping in 3 mouse models of Down syndrome, we hypothesized that one or more of them would have a similar phenotype to human fetuses with trisomy 21, which would make it the most suitable for in utero treatment studies. STUDY DESIGN Here, C57BL6J/6 female mice were mated to Dp(16)1/Yey and Ts1Cje male mice and Ts65Dn female mice to C57BL/B6Eic3Sn.BLiAF1/J male mice. At embryonic day 18.5, dams were euthanized. Embryos and placentas were examined blindly for weight and size. Embryos were characterized as euploid or trisomic, male or female by polymerase chain reaction. A subset of embryos (34 euploid and 34 trisomic) were examined for malformations. RESULTS The Ts65Dn mouse model showed the largest differences in fetal growth, brain development, and placental development when comparing euploid and trisomic embryos. For the Dp(16)1/Yey mouse model, genotype did not impact fetal growth, but there were differences in brain and placental development. For the Ts1Cje mouse model, no significant association was found between genotype and fetal growth, brain development, or placental development. Euploid mouse embryos had no congenital anomalies; however, 1 mouse embryo died. Hepatic necrosis was seen in 6 of 12 Dp(16)1/Yey (50%) and 1 of 12 Ts1Cje (8%) mouse embryos; hepatic congestion or inflammation was observed in 3 of 10 Ts65Dn mouse embryos (30%). Renal pelvis dilation was seen in 5 of 12 Dp(16)1/Yey (42%), 5 of 10 Ts65Dn (50%), and 3 of 12 Ts1Cje (25%) mouse embryos. In addition, 1 Ts65Dn mouse embryo and 1 Dp(16)1/Yey mouse embryo had an aortic outflow abnormality. Furthermore, 2 Ts1Cje mouse embryos had ventricular septal defects. Ts65Dn mouse placentas had increased spongiotrophoblast necrosis. CONCLUSION Fetal and placental growth showed varying trends across strains. Congenital anomalies were primarily seen in trisomic embryos. The presence of liver abnormalities in all 3 mouse models of Down syndrome (10 of 34 cases) is a novel finding. Renal pelvis dilation was also common (13 of 34 cases). Future research will examine human autopsy material to determine if these findings are relevant to infants with Down syndrome. Differences in placental histology were also observed among strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- April D Adams
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Laura Koehly
- Social Network Methods Section, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Faycal Guedj
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Diana W Bianchi
- Section on Prenatal Genomics and Fetal Therapy, Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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138
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Snoep MC, Aliasi M, van der Meeren LE, Jongbloed MRM, DeRuiter MC, Haak MC. Placenta morphology and biomarkers in pregnancies with congenital heart disease - A systematic review. Placenta 2021; 112:189-196. [PMID: 34388551 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.07.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Impaired placentation is an important contributing factor to intra-uterine growth restriction and pre-eclampsia in fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD). These pregnancy complications occur more frequently in pregnancies with fetal CHD. One of the most important factors influencing the life of children with CHD is neurodevelopmental delay, which seems to start already in utero. Delayed neurodevelopment in utero may be correlated or even (partly) explained by impaired placentation in CHD cases. This systematic review provides an overview of published literature on placental development in pregnancies with fetal CHD. A systematic search was performed and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to access data quality. Primary outcomes were placenta size and weight, vascular and villous architecture, immunohistochemistry, angiogenic biomarkers and/or placental gene expression. A total of 1161 articles were reviewed and 21 studies were included. Studies including CHD with a genetic disorder or syndrome and/or multiple pregnancies were excluded. Lower placental weight and elevated rates of abnormal umbilical cord insertions were found in CHD. Cases with CHD more frequently showed microscopic placental abnormalities (i.e. abnormal villous maturation and increased maternal vascular malperfusion lesions), reduced levels of angiogenic biomarkers and increased levels of anti-angiogenic biomarkers in maternal serum and umbilical cord blood. Altered gene expression involved in placental development and fetal growth were found in maternal serum and CHD placentas. In conclusion, abnormal placentation is found in CHD. More extensive studies are needed to elucidate the contribution of impaired placentation to delayed neurodevelopment in CHD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje C Snoep
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Moska Aliasi
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monique C Haak
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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139
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Abstract
Human placentation differs from that of other mammals. A suite of characteristics is shared with haplorrhine primates, including early development of the embryonic membranes and placental hormones such as chorionic gonadotrophin and placental lactogen. A comparable architecture of the intervillous space is found only in Old World monkeys and apes. The routes of trophoblast invasion and the precise role of extravillous trophoblast in uterine artery transformation is similar in chimpanzee and gorilla. Extended parental care is shared with the great apes, and though human babies are rather helpless at birth, they are well developed (precocial) in other respects. Primates and rodents last shared a common ancestor in the Cretaceous period, and their placentation has evolved independently for some 80 million years. This is reflected in many aspects of their placentation. Some apparent resemblances such as interstitial implantation and placental lactogens are the result of convergent evolution. For rodent models such as the mouse, the differences are compounded by short gestations leading to the delivery of poorly developed (altricial) young.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Carter
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark
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140
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Yang CC, Chou YC, Kuo TN, Liou JY, Cheng HM, Kuo YT. Prophylactic Intraoperative Uterine Artery Embolization During Cesarean Section or Cesarean Hysterectomy in Patients with Abnormal Placentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2021; 45:488-501. [PMID: 34282489 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-021-02921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of prophylactic intraoperative uterine artery embolization (UAE) performed immediately after fetal delivery during planned cesarean section or cesarean hysterectomy in patients with placenta accreta spectrum disorder or placenta previa. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE and Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Studies were selected using the Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcomes (PICO) strategy. The intraoperative blood loss and the rate of emergent peripartum hysterectomy (EPH) were the primary outcomes, whereas the length of hospital stay and volume of blood transfused were the secondary outcomes. A random-effects model was employed to pool each effect size. The cumulative values of the primary outcomes were calculated using the generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Eleven retrospective cohort studies and five case series were included, recruiting 421 women who underwent prophylactic intraoperative UAE (UAE group) and 374 women who did not (control group). Compared with the control group, the UAE group had significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.020) during cesarean section or cesarean hysterectomy. Furthermore, the EPH rate was also significantly decreased (p = 0.020; cumulative rate: 19.65%), but not the length of hospital stay (p = 0.850) and volume of pRBC transfused (p = 0.140), after cesarean section in the UAE group. The incidence of major complications was low (3.33%), despite two patients with uterine necrosis. CONCLUSION The currently available data provides encouraging evidence that prophylactic intraoperative UAE may contribute to hemorrhage control and fertility preservation in women with abnormal placentation. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration code: CRD42021230581. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/CRD42021230581 LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2a, systematic review of retrospective cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chun Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, NO. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, NO. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Ni Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Yan Liou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, NO. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ming Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, NO. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kuo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chi Mei Medical Center, NO. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan City, 710, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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141
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Jin M, Xu S, Li J, Li L, Tang C. Role of ARID1A in the Regulation of Human Trophoblast Migration and Invasion. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:2363-2373. [PMID: 34255312 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Migration and invasion of trophoblasts is critical for human placental development, trophoblastic differentiation, and pregnancy-associated diseases. AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A (ARID1A), a subunit of the SWI-SNF complex, has been suggested to participate in the regulation of fertility via placental disruption in mice. However, whether ARID1A regulates human placental development and function remains unknown. Here, using human trophoblast-like JEG-3 cell line, we report that ARID1A controls trophoblast cell migration and invasion. Overexpression of ARID1A inhibits JEG-3 cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of ARID1A promotes migration and invasion in JEG-3 cells. Mechanistically, while ARID1A reduces JEG-3 cell migration by down-regulation of Snail transcription, it restrains JEG-3 cell invasion by binding to and destabilization of MMP-9 protein. Finally, ARID1A is apparently up-regulated in placental tissues of preeclampsia compared to that of normal pregnancies. Our results thereby imply that ARID1A acts as a critical gene in supporting the physiological function of human mature placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Shouying Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China
| | - Jiayong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310052, China.
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142
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Liu H, Jiang W, Ye Y, Yang B, Shen X, Lu S, Zhu J, Liu M, Yang C, Kuang H. Maternal exposure to tributyltin during early gestation increases adverse pregnancy outcomes by impairing placental development. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:1303-1315. [PMID: 33720505 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a persistent organotin pollutant widely used as agricultural and wood biocides, exhibiting well-documented toxicity to reproductive functions in aquatic organisms. However, the effect of TBT on early pregnancy and placental development has been rarely studied in mice. Pregnant mice were fed with 0, 0.2, and 2 mg/kg/day TBT from gravid day 1 to day 8 or 13. TBT exposure led to an increase in the number of resorbed embryo and a reduction in the weight of fetus at gestational days 13. Further study showed that TBT significantly decreased placental weight and area, lowered laminin immunoreactivity and the expressions of placental development-related molecules including Fra1, Eomes, Hand1, and Ascl2. Moreover, TBT treatment markedly inhibited the placental proliferation and induced up-regulation of p53 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 protein. In addition, TBT administration increased levels of malondialdehyde and H2 O2 and decreased activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. Collectively, these results suggested TBT-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes during early pregnancy might be involved in developmental disorders of the placenta via dysregulation of key molecules, proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Clinic Medicine, School of Queen Mary, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yafen Ye
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siying Lu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengling Liu
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanzhen Yang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Haibin Kuang
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology and Pathology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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143
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Fragoso J, Carvalho Jurema Santos G, da Silva HT, Loizon E, de Oliveira Nogueira Souza V, Vidal H, Guedes RCA, Costa-Silva JH, da Silva Aragão R, Pirola L, Leandro CG. Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:505-512. [PMID: 32799949 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction and physical activity can affect the interaction mother-placenta-fetus. This study quantified the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurothrophin 4, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB/NTRK2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1r) in the different areas of mother's brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex), placenta, and fetus' brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 20) were housed in cages containing a running wheel for 4 weeks before gestation. According to the distance spontaneously traveled daily, rats were classified as inactive or active. During gestation, on continued access to the running wheel, active and inactive groups were randomized to receive normoprotein diet (18% protein) or a low-protein (LP) diet (8% protein). At day 20 of gestation, gene expression of neurotrophic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in different brain areas and the placenta. Dams submitted to a LP diet during gestation showed upregulation of IGF-1r and BDNF messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1 and IGF-1r in the cortex. In the placenta, there was a downregulation of IGF-1. In the brain of pups from mothers on LP diet, IGF-1r and NTRK2 were downregulated. Voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on IGF-1r in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, IGF-1 in the placenta, and NTRK2 in the fetus' brain. In conclusion, both maternal protein restriction and spontaneous physical activity influence the gene expression of BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1, and IGF-1r, with spontaneous physical activity being able to normalize in part the defects caused by protein restriction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Fragoso
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuelle Loizon
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - Hubert Vidal
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | | | - João Henrique Costa-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Raquel da Silva Aragão
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pirola
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
- CarMeN (Cardiology, Metabolism and Nutrition) Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Lyon-1 University, South Lyon Medical Faculty, 69921Oullins, France
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901Recife, PE, Brazil
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144
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Enderle I, Costet N, Cognez N, Zaros C, Caudeville J, Garlantezec R, Chevrier C, Nougadere A, De Lauzon-Guillain B, Le Lous M, Beranger R. Prenatal exposure to pesticides and risk of preeclampsia among pregnant women: Results from the ELFE cohort. Environ Res 2021; 197:111048. [PMID: 33766571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome caused by abnormal placentation. Although environmental chemicals, including some pesticides, are suspected of impairing placentation and promoting preeclampsia, its relationship with preeclampsia has been insufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the relation between non-occupational exposure to pesticides during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia. METHODS The study cohort comprised 195 women with and 17,181 without preeclampsia from the ELFE birth cohort. We used toxicogenomic approaches to select 41 pesticides of interest for their possible influence on preeclampsia. We assessed household pesticide use (self-reported data), environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides (geographic information systems), and dietary exposure (food-frequency questionnaire with data from monitoring pesticide residues in food and water). Dietary exposures to pesticides were grouped into clusters of similar exposures to resolve collinearity issues. For each exposure source, pesticides were mutually adjusted, and odds ratios estimated with logistic regression models. RESULTS The quantity of prochloraz applied within a kilometer of the women's homes was higher in women with than without preeclampsia (fourth quartile vs. others; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.35), especially when preeclampsia was diagnosed before 34 weeks of gestation (aOR = 2.25; 95%CI: 1.01, 5.06). The reverse was observed with nearby cypermethrin application (aOR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.36, 0.96). In sensitivity analyses, women with preeclampsia receiving antihypertensive treatment had a significantly higher probability of using herbicides at home during pregnancy than women without preeclampsia (aOR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.23, 3.93). No statistically significant association was found between dietary exposure to pesticide residues and preeclampsia. DISCUSSION While the most of the associations examined remained statistically non-significant, our results suggest the possible influence on preeclampsia of residential exposures to prochloraz and some herbicides. These estimations are supported by toxicological and mechanistic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Enderle
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France.
| | - Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Noriane Cognez
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Zaros
- French Institute for Demographic Studies (Ined), French Institute for Medical Research and Health (Inserm), French Blood Agency, ELFE Joint Unit, F-75020, Paris, France
| | - Julien Caudeville
- INERIS (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Ronan Garlantezec
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Chevrier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Alexandre Nougadere
- ANSES, Risk Assessment Department, 14 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Maela Le Lous
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Rémi Beranger
- CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Anne de Bretagne University Hospital, Rennes, France
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145
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Varshavsky JR, Robinson JF, Zhou Y, Puckett KA, Kwan E, Buarpung S, Aburajab R, Gaw SL, Sen S, Gao S, Smith SC, Park JS, Zakharevich I, Gerona RR, Fisher SJ, Woodruff TJ. Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Highly Fluorinated Chemicals, and Biomarkers of Placental Development and Disease During Mid-Gestation. Toxicol Sci 2021; 181:215-228. [PMID: 33677611 PMCID: PMC8163039 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are chemicals that may contribute to placenta-mediated complications and adverse maternal-fetal health risks. Few studies have investigated these chemicals in relation to biomarkers of effect during pregnancy. We measured 12 PFASs and four urinary OPFR metabolites in 132 healthy pregnant women during mid-gestation and examined a subset with biomarkers of placental development and disease (n = 62). Molecular biomarkers included integrin alpha-1 (ITGA1), vascular endothelial-cadherin (CDH5), and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1). Morphological endpoints included potential indicators of placental stress and the extent of cytotrophoblast (CTB)-mediated uterine artery remodeling. Serum PFASs and urinary OPFR metabolites were detected in ∼50%-100% of samples. The most prevalent PFASs were perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), with geometric mean (GM) levels of ∼1.3-2.8 (95% confidence limits from 1.2-3.1) ng/ml compared to ≤0.5 ng/ml for other PFASs. Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) were the most prevalent OPFR metabolites, with GMs of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.5-3.4) and 3.6 (95% CI: 2.2-3.1) ng/ml, respectively, compared to <1 ng/ml for bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) and bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP). We found inverse associations of PFASs or OPFRs with ITGA1 or CDH5 immunoreactivity and positive associations with indicators of placental stress in multiple basal plate regions, indicating these chemicals may contribute to abnormal placentation and future health risks. Associations with blood pressure and lipid concentrations warrant further examination. This is the first study of these chemicals with placental biomarkers measured directly in human tissues and suggests specific biomarkers are sensitive indicators of exposure during a vulnerable developmental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Varshavsky
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Kenisha A Puckett
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Elaine Kwan
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sirirak Buarpung
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Rayyan Aburajab
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Stephanie L Gaw
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | | | - Sabrina Crispo Smith
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, California 94710
| | - Igor Zakharevich
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Roy R Gerona
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California 94158
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146
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Feyaerts D, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. A pregnancy to remember: trained immunity of the uterine mucosae. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:539-541. [PMID: 33299087 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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147
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Nekliudova UA, Schwaha TF, Kotenko ON, Gruber D, Cyran N, Ostrovsky AN. Three in one: evolution of viviparity, coenocytic placenta and polyembryony in cyclostome bryozoans. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 33845757 PMCID: PMC8042935 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placentation has evolved multiple times among both chordates and invertebrates. Although they are structurally less complex, invertebrate placentae are much more diverse in their origin, development and position. Aquatic colonial suspension-feeders from the phylum Bryozoa acquired placental analogues multiple times, representing an outstanding example of their structural diversity and evolution. Among them, the clade Cyclostomata is the only one in which placentation is associated with viviparity and polyembryony-a unique combination not present in any other invertebrate group. RESULTS The histological and ultrastructural study of the sexual polymorphic zooids (gonozooids) in two cyclostome species, Crisia eburnea and Crisiella producta, revealed embryos embedded in a placental analogue (nutritive tissue) with a unique structure-comprising coenocytes and solitary cells-previously unknown in animals. Coenocytes originate via nuclear multiplication and cytoplasmic growth among the cells surrounding the early embryo. This process also affects cells of the membranous sac, which initially serves as a hydrostatic system but later becomes main part of the placenta. The nutritive tissue is both highly dynamic, permanently rearranging its structure, and highly integrated with its coenocytic 'elements' being interconnected via cytoplasmic bridges and various cell contacts. This tissue shows evidence of both nutrient synthesis and transport (bidirectional transcytosis), supporting the enclosed multiple progeny. Growing primary embryo produces secondary embryos (via fission) that develop into larvae; both the secondary embyos and larvae show signs of endocytosis. Interzooidal communication pores are occupied by 1‒2 specialized pore-cells probably involved in the transport of nutrients between zooids. CONCLUSIONS Cyclostome nutritive tissue is currently the only known example of a coenocytic placental analogue, although syncytial 'elements' could potentially be formed in them too. Structurally and functionally (but not developmentally) the nutritive tissue can be compared with the syncytial placental analogues of certain invertebrates and chordates. Evolution of the cyclostome placenta, involving transformation of the hydrostatic apparatus (membranous sac) and change of its function to embryonic nourishment, is an example of exaptation that is rather widespread among matrotrophic bryozoans. We speculate that the acquisition of a highly advanced placenta providing massive nourishment might support the evolution of polyembryony in cyclostomes. In turn, massive and continuous embryonic production led to the evolution of enlarged incubating polymorphic gonozooids hosting multiple progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- U A Nekliudova
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - T F Schwaha
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - O N Kotenko
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Gruber
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Cyran
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - A N Ostrovsky
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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148
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Zou Z, Forbes K, Harris LK, Heazell AEP. The potential role of the E SRRG pathway in placental dysfunction. Reproduction 2021; 161:R45-R60. [PMID: 33361468 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Normal placental development and function is of key importance to fetal growth. Conversely aberrations of placental structure and function are evident in pregnancy complications including fetal growth restriction (FGR) and preeclampsia. Although trophoblast turnover and function is altered in these conditions, their underlying aetiologies and pathophysiology remains unclear, which hampers development of therapeutic interventions. Here we review evidence that supports a role for estrogen related receptor-gamma (ESRRG) in the development of placental dysfunction in FGR and preeclampsia. This relationship deserves particular consideration because ESRRG is highly expressed in normal placenta, is reduced in FGR and preeclampsia and its expression is altered by hypoxia, which is thought to result from deficient placentation seen in FGR and preeclampsia. Several studies have also found microRNA (miRNA) or other potential upstream regulators of ESRRG negatively influence trophoblast function which could contribute to placental dysfunction seen in FGR and preeclampsia. Interestingly, miRNAs regulate ESRRG expression in human trophoblast. Thus, if ESRRG is pivotally associated with the abnormal trophoblast turnover and function it may be targeted by microRNAs or other possible upstream regulators in the placenta. This review explores altered expression of ESRRG and upstream regulation of ESRRG-mediated pathways resulting in the trophoblast turnover, placental vascularisation, and placental metabolism underlying placental dysfunctions. This demonstrates that the ESRRG pathway merits further investigation as a potential therapeutic target in FGR and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zou
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lynda K Harris
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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149
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Arias A, Schander JA, Bariani MV, Correa F, Domínguez Rubio AP, Cella M, Cymeryng CB, Wolfson ML, Franchi AM, Aisemberg J. Dexamethasone-induced intrauterine growth restriction modulates expression of placental vascular growth factors and fetal and placental growth. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:gaab006. [PMID: 33528567 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids (GC) is a central topic of interest in medicine since GCs are essential for the maturation of fetal organs and intrauterine growth. Synthetic glucocorticoids, which are used in obstetric practice, exert beneficial effects on the fetus, but have also been reported to lead to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). In this study, a model of growth restriction in mice was established through maternal administration of dexamethasone during late gestation. We hypothesised that GC overexposure may adversely affect placental angiogenesis and fetal and placental growth. Female BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to control or dexamethasone treatment, either left to give birth or euthanised on days 15, 16, 17 and 18 of gestation followed by collection of maternal and fetal tissue. The IUGR rate increased to 100% in the dexamethasone group (8 mg/kg body weight on gestational days 14 and 15) and pups had clinical features of symmetrical IUGR at birth. Dexamethasone administration significantly decreased maternal body weight gain and serum corticosterone levels. Moreover, prenatal dexamethasone treatment not only induced fetal growth retardation but also decreased placental weight. In IUGR placentas, VEGFA protein levels and mRNA expression of VEGF receptors were reduced and NOS activity was lower. Maternal dexamethasone administration also reduced placental expression of the GC receptor, αGR. We demonstrated that maternal dexamethasone administration causes fetal and placental growth restriction. Furthermore, we propose that the growth retardation induced by prenatal GC overexposure may be caused, at least partially, by an altered placental angiogenic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arias
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J A Schander
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Bariani
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Correa
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A P Domínguez Rubio
- Laboratorio Interdisciplinario de Dinámica Celular y Nanoherramientas, Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-UBA-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Cella
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C B Cymeryng
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Wolfson
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A M Franchi
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Aisemberg
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Preñez y el Parto, Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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150
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Abstract
High maternal investment in pregnancy and the perinatal period are prominent features of eutherian reproduction. Viviparity increases offspring survival, favoring high maternal prenatal investment. Matrotrophy through the placenta reduces maternal investment at early pregnancy, allowing the mother to abort embryos of subpar quality, therefore reducing resources wastage. On the other hand, intimate maternal-fetal interplay enables the fetus to manipulate maternal physiology to acquire more resources. This parent-offspring conflict likely drives the evolution of eutherian placentation, which is facilitated by the endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), ancient retroviruses that invaded host genome millions of years ago. ERVs bring new genes and novel regulatory elements into host genome, contribute to maternal-fetal tolerance, placenta-specific cell type formation, trophoblast gene expression network rewiring, and the establishment of imprinting. However, retroviruses/ERVs can function as infectious pathogens that interfere with host immune and inflammation pathways and cause genomic instability. In addition, ERVs coopted for host function may contribute to pathogenesis during infections due to their susceptibility to mechanisms activated by the invading pathogens. ERVs have been implicated in multiple perinatal adverse outcomes, therefore, eutherians must have evolved control mechanisms to regulate their function. Here we propose the TRIM family as an important participant of host antiviral defense and a likely candidate that mediates the coevolution of ERVs and their eutherian host. TRIMs have been shown to interact with retroviruses during each step of the infectious cycle. Understanding TRIMs' role in ERV regulation in the placenta may provide insight to both the physiology and pathology of eutherian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhe Zhang
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Louis J Muglia
- March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
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