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Dussault M, Thompson RB. Fundamental Themes in Social-Emotional Learning: A Theoretical Framework for Inclusivity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:506. [PMID: 38673417 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Social-emotional learning (SEL) is a rapidly growing field of research that has garnered significant attention in recent years. Each facet of SEL research in fields such as education, mental health, and developmental research has used specific methodologies and terms in their narrow research focus. In education specifically, where the most SEL research has been produced, many frameworks have implementation requirements. The lack of a framework focused on overarching themes without implementation requirements prevents the fields from coming together to compile and compare research and progress to create parent-, adult-, or mental health-specific SEL programs. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of SEL, aimed at clarifying the concept and deconstructing its various facets. This framework is needed to acknowledge the many different terms and skills for the same principle while also narrowing down definitions for clarity. The resulting framework can be used as a basis for future research, practice, and policy discussions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickayla Dussault
- Psychology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04103, USA
| | - Robert B Thompson
- Psychology Department, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME 04103, USA
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152
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Davis SE, Embí PJ, Matheny ME. Sustainable deployment of clinical prediction tools-a 360° approach to model maintenance. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1195-1198. [PMID: 38422379 PMCID: PMC11031208 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the enthusiasm for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical care grows, so has our understanding of the challenges associated with deploying impactful and sustainable clinical AI models. Complex dataset shifts resulting from evolving clinical environments strain the longevity of AI models as predictive accuracy and associated utility deteriorate over time. OBJECTIVE Responsible practice thus necessitates the lifecycle of AI models be extended to include ongoing monitoring and maintenance strategies within health system algorithmovigilance programs. We describe a framework encompassing a 360° continuum of preventive, preemptive, responsive, and reactive approaches to address model monitoring and maintenance from critically different angles. DISCUSSION We describe the complementary advantages and limitations of these four approaches and highlight the importance of such a coordinated strategy to help ensure the promise of clinical AI is not short-lived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon E Davis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
| | - Peter J Embí
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Michael E Matheny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, United States
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Care, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System VA Medical Center, Veterans Health Administration, Nashville, TN 37212, United States
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153
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Hoek J, Lee E, Teddy L, Fenton E, Ball J, Edwards R. How do New Zealand youth perceive the smoke-free generation policy? A qualitative analysis. Tob Control 2024; 33:346-352. [PMID: 36283832 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) plans to introduce a smoke-free generation (SFG) policy, alongside denicotinisation and reducing the availability of tobacco products. The SFG has a clear rationale, yet we know little about how young people, those the policy targets, perceive it. To inform policy design, communication and implementation, we explored how NZ youth perceived the SFG. METHODS We undertook in-depth interviews with a sample of 20 youth aged 17 or 18 and explored their knowledge of the SFG, and how they perceived its individual and societal implications. We interpreted the data using a reflexive thematic analysis approach. RESULTS We identified two overarching themes. The first theme, 'societal good and protection from harm', reflected benefits participants associated with the SFG, which outweighed perceptions of lost freedoms. The second theme, 'privileging personal choice', corresponded to two small groups within the sample. The first preferred measures they considered less restrictive, such as increasing the purchase age, and some came to support the SFG as they rationalised their views. The second subgroup expressed more entrenched opposition and felt the SFG deprived them of a choice. CONCLUSIONS Young people's deep reflection on the SFG led most to view it as liberating rather than restrictive. Communications that avoid prompting heuristic-based responses could encourage youth to reflect on the policy and elicit strong support from the group the SFG aims to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Hoek
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ell Lee
- University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lani Teddy
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth Fenton
- Bioethics Centre, University of Otago Bioethics Centre, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jude Ball
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Richard Edwards
- Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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154
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Scheer ER, Werner NE, Coller RJ, Nacht CL, Petty L, Tang M, Ehlenbach M, Kelly MM, Finesilver S, Warner G, Katz B, Keim-Malpass J, Lunsford CD, Letzkus L, Desai SS, Valdez RS. Designing for caregiving networks: a case study of primary caregivers of children with medical complexity. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:1151-1162. [PMID: 38427845 PMCID: PMC11031225 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to characterize the experiences of primary caregivers of children with medical complexity (CMC) in engaging with other members of the child's caregiving network, thereby informing the design of health information technology (IT) for the caregiving network. Caregiving networks include friends, family, community members, and other trusted individuals who provide resources, information, health, or childcare. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of two qualitative studies. Primary studies conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 50) with family caregivers of CMC. Interviews were held in the Midwest (n = 30) and the mid-Atlantic region (n = 20). Interviews were transcribed verbatim for thematic analysis. Emergent themes were mapped to implications for the design of future health IT. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified 8 themes characterizing a wide range of primary caregivers' experiences in constructing, managing, and ensuring high-quality care delivery across the caregiving network. DISCUSSION Findings evidence a critical need to create flexible and customizable tools designed to support hiring/training processes, coordinating daily care across the caregiving network, communicating changing needs and care updates across the caregiving network, and creating contingency plans for instances where caregivers are unavailable to provide care to the CMC. Informaticists should additionally design accessible platforms that allow primary caregivers to connect with and learn from other caregivers while minimizing exposure to sensitive or emotional content as indicated by the user. CONCLUSION This article contributes to the design of health IT for CMC caregiving networks by uncovering previously underrecognized needs and experiences of CMC primary caregivers and drawing direct connections to design implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanore Rae Scheer
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Nicole E Werner
- Department of Health and Wellness Design, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Ryan J Coller
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Carrie L Nacht
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, United States
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - Lauren Petty
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Mengwei Tang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Mary Ehlenbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Michelle M Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Sara Finesilver
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Gemma Warner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, United States
| | - Barbara Katz
- Family Voices of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jessica Keim-Malpass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Christopher D Lunsford
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, United States
| | - Lisa Letzkus
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Shaalini Sanjiv Desai
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
| | - Rupa S Valdez
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States
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155
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Oswald LB, Bloomer A, Li X, Jean-Baptiste E, Trujillo G, Felder S, Small BJ, Ose J, Hardikar S, Strehli I, Huang LC, Mooney K, Mutch MG, Chao D, Cohen SA, Karchi M, Wood EH, Damerell V, Loroña NC, Gong J, Toriola AT, Li CI, Shibata D, Schneider M, Gigic B, Figueiredo JC, Jim HSL, Ulrich CM, Siegel EM. Functional quality of life among newly diagnosed young adult colorectal cancer survivors compared to older adults: results from the ColoCare Study. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:298. [PMID: 38639810 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08511-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing among young adults (YAs) aged 18-39. This study compared quality of life (QOL) between YA and older adult CRC survivors in the ColoCare Study. METHODS Participants were grouped by age (years) as follows: 18-39 (YA), 40-49, 50-64, and 65 + . Functional QOL (physical, social, role, emotional, cognitive) and global QOL were assessed with the EORTC-QLQ-C30 at enrollment, 3, 6, and 12 months. Average scores were compared between groups over time using longitudinal mixed-effect modeling. Proportions with clinically meaningful QOL impairment were calculated using age-relevant thresholds and compared between groups over time using logistic regression with mixed effects. RESULTS Participants (N = 1590) were n = 81 YAs, n = 196 aged 40-49, n = 627 aged 50-64, and n = 686 aged 65 + . Average physical function was better among YAs than participants aged 50-64 (p = 0.010) and 65 + (p < 0.001), and average social function was worse among YAs than aged 65 + (p = 0.046). Relative to YAs, all age groups were less likely to report clinically meaningful social dysfunction (aged 40-49 OR = 0.13, 95%CI = 0.06-0.29; aged 50-64 OR = 0.10, 95%CI = 0.05-0.21; aged 65 + OR = 0.07, 95%CI = 0.04-0.15) and role dysfunction (aged 40-49 OR = 0.36, 95%CI = 0.18-0.75; aged 50-64 OR = 0.41, 95%CI = 0.22-0.78; aged 65 + OR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.17-0.61). Participants aged 40-49 were also less likely to report physical dysfunction (OR = 0.42, 95%CI = 0.19-0.93). CONCLUSION YA CRC survivors reported better physical and worse social function compared to older CRC survivors, and YA CRC survivors were more likely to report clinically meaningful social, role, and physical disfunction. Future work should further investigate QOL using age-relevant benchmarks to inform best practices for CRC survivorship care. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02328677, registered December 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Oswald
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Amanda Bloomer
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Gillian Trujillo
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Seth Felder
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brent J Small
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Ose
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sheetal Hardikar
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Lyen C Huang
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kathi Mooney
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Dante Chao
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Meghana Karchi
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole C Loroña
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Gong
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adetunji T Toriola
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - David Shibata
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Heather S L Jim
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Erin M Siegel
- Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, MRC-HOB, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
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156
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Lee S, Lee Y, Park KM. Performance feedback and obsessive passion: The moderating role of human capital. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302180. [PMID: 38635568 PMCID: PMC11025744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the behavioral theory of the firm, we research how performance feedback influences the formation of CEOs' passion. We articulate that previous performance directly increases CEOs' passion. Specifically, positive affective outcomes (performance above aspiration-level) advance CEOs' positive feelings and motivation toward the domains of success (obsessive passion). For instance, when a firm accomplishes performance objectives, such as reaching sales goals, CEOs' positive feelings toward developing current products would be boosted. Moreover, negative affective outcomes (performance below aspiration-level) would also positively impact CEOs' passion since the CEOs would endeavor to reduce the difference between performance and their aspiration-level. As such, performance feedback is a critical antecedent of CEOs' obsessive passion. In addition, we apply human capital as a moderator between performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion. Results based on multiphase survey data from 189 CEOs of Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises indicate that both positive and negative performance feedback positively increase CEOs' obsessive passion. Moreover, human capital negatively moderates the relationship between positive performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion and positively moderates the relationship between negative performance feedback and CEOs' obsessive passion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanggeun Lee
- Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States of America
| | - Younggeun Lee
- College of Business and Economics, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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157
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Okayama T, Suzuki K, Morishita S, Inoue J, Tanaka T, Nakano J, Fukushima T. Pretreatment quality of life and survival in patients with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:495. [PMID: 38637726 PMCID: PMC11027547 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12267-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have explored the correlation between quality of life and survival, none have reported this relationship for specific cancers assessed at distinct time points. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of pretreatment Global Quality of Life (QOL) and functioning QOL, including physical, social, role, emotional, and cognitive QOLs, on mortality risk in patients with lung cancer. METHODS A literature search was conducted across the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and PubMed databases for articles published between their inception and December 2022. Subsequently, 11 studies were selected based on predefined eligibility criteria to investigate the relationship between pretreatment QOLs and mortality risk in patients with lung cancer. RESULTS Pretreatment global, physical, social, role, and emotional QOLs were significantly associated with mortality risk as follows: Global QOL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.08 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.13); Physical QOL (HR = 1.04 95% CI = 1.02-1.05); Social QOL (HR = 1.02 95% CI = 1.01-1.03; Role QOL (HR = 1.01 95% CI = 1.01-1.02); Emotional QOL (HR = 1.01 95% CI = 1.00-1.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of early QOL assessment after diagnosis as well as early provision of physical, social, and psychological support accommodating each patient's demands. TRIAL REGISTRATION The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews registration number CRD42023398206, Registered on February 20, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Okayama
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Suzuki
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morishita
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Science, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junichiro Inoue
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital International Clinical Cancer Research Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo Medical University Hospital, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakano
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Fukushima
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
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158
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Xu Z, Zheng S. Research on the "multi-agent co-governance" system of unfair competition on internet platforms: Based on the perspective of evolutionary game. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301627. [PMID: 38635791 PMCID: PMC11025923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Unfair competition on internet platforms (UCIP) has become a critical issue restricting the platform economy's healthy development. This paper applies evolutionary game theory to study how to utilize multiple subjects' synergy to supervise UCIP effectively. First, the "multi-agent co-governance" mode of UCIP is constructed based on the traditional "unitary supervision" mode. Second, the government and internet platform evolutionary game models are built under two supervision modes. Finally, MATLAB is used to simulate and analyze the evolutionary stage and parameter sensitivity. In addition, we match the model's evolutionary stage with China's supervisory process. The results show that (1) the Chinese government's supervision of UCIP is in the transitional stage from "campaign-style" to "normalization." (2) Moderate government supervision intensity is essential to guide the game system to evolve toward the ideal state. If the supervision intensity is too high, it will inhibit the enthusiasm for supervision. If the supervision intensity is too low, it cannot form an effective deterrent to the internet platforms. (3) When the participation of industry associations and platform users is low, it can only slow down the evolutionary speed of the game system's convergence to the unfavorable state. Nevertheless, it cannot reverse the evolutionary result. (4) Maintaining the participation level of industry associations and platform users above a specific threshold value while increasing punishment intensity will promote the transition of government supervision from the "campaign-style" to the "normalization" stage. This paper provides ideas and references for the Chinese government to design a supervision mechanism for UCIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Economics and Trade, Chongqing Business Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Shudan Zheng
- School of Business Administration, Chongqing Vocational College of Light Industry, Chongqing, China
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159
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Koetsier T, Apeldoorn J, Nugter A. Working mechanisms of imagery rescripting (ImRs) in adult patients with childhood-related PTSD: a pilot study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2024; 15:2339702. [PMID: 38629412 PMCID: PMC11025401 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2024.2339702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Imagery rescripting (ImRs) has shown to be an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) resulting from childhood-related trauma. The current theory is that the change of meaning of the trauma memory is central to the treatment. Several authors have suggested that the expression of needs, feelings and actions may act as potential healing factors, but little specific research aimed at (in)validating this hypothesis has been done so far.Objective: In this study we investigated to what extent the expression of inhibited action tendencies and the fulfilling of needs lead to the reduction of PTSD symptoms in clients with early childhood trauma.Method: Recordings of 249 therapy sessions of 24 ImRs treatments were rated with an observation instrument developed for this purpose, after which the scores were related to pre and posttreatment symptoms, assessed with the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R).Results: Scores on the IES-R decreased from pretreatment to posttreatment. The two subscales of the NATS (At-scale and N-scale)significantly predicted the posttreatment scores on the IES-R after controlling for the influence of pretreatment IES-R scores: the better the expression of inhibited action tendencies and the better the fulfilling of needs, the lower the symptoms after treatment.Conclusions: This pilot study on the underlying mechanisms of ImRs in PTSD treatment has shown that the expression of action tendencies and fulfilling basic needs during ImRs are associated with a decrease in PTSD symptoms after treatment, and that actions and basic needs cannot be viewed separately. Follow-up research could focus on which of the six domains of the Needs and Action tendencies Scale (NATS) has the greatest effect on the reduction of PTSD symptoms. With this information we can further improve the ImRs protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annet Nugter
- GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord, NP Hoorn, the Netherlands
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160
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Stewart PA, Dye RG, Senior C. Laughter and effective presidential leadership: A case study of Ronald Reagan as the 'great communicator'. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301324. [PMID: 38630665 PMCID: PMC11023438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Former United States President Ronald Reagan's use of media and his charismatic connection with viewers earned him the moniker "the great communicator". One aspect of his charisma, the influence of elicited laughter, during a highly critical 5-minute news story by CBS reporter Leslie Stahl during the 1984 US presidential election is examined here. Two experiments examining the effects of audience laughter on perceptions of charismatic leadership are reported. In the first experiment the effects of audience laughter in response to Reagan's comments were investigated. Here, Reagan's perceived warmth as an effective leader significantly diminished when strong laughter is removed, whereas perceptions of competence remained unaffected. The second study carried out on an older cohort replicated and extended the first in a pre-registered design by considering the perception of trait charisma. Here, the presence or absence of audience laughter did not affect judgements of charisma. Additionally, the affective response before, and then after, the presentation of the news story was measured. Emotions associated with a positive appraisal all decreased after being shown the news story while emotions associated negative appraisal all increased. However, only participant anger was significantly increased when audience laughter was removed. Taken together the findings of both studies converge on the fact that subtle changes in media presentation of political leaders can have a significant effect on viewers. The findings show that even after 40 years in office the social psychological effects of presidential charisma can still influence observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Stewart
- Department of Political Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States of America
| | - Reagan G. Dye
- Department of Political Science, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Carl Senior
- School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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161
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Edgar C, Chan F, Armstrong T, Dalmaijer ES. Long-term disgust habituation with limited generalisation in care home workers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299429. [PMID: 38630686 PMCID: PMC11023261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Countless workers handle bodily effluvia and body envelope violations every working day, and consequentially face deeply unpleasant levels of disgust. Understanding if and how they adapt can help inform policies to improve worker satisfaction and reduce staff turnover. So far, limited evidence exist that self-reported disgust is reduced (or lower to begin with) among those employed in high-disgust environments. However, it is unclear if this is due to demand effects or translates into real behavioural changes. Here, we tested healthcare assistants (N = 32) employed in UK care homes and a control sample (N = 50). We replicated reduced self-reported pathogen disgust sensitivity in healthcare workers compared to controls. We also found it negatively correlated with career duration, suggesting long-term habituation. Furthermore, we found that healthcare assistants showed no behavioural disgust avoidance on a web-based preferential looking task (equivalent to eye tracking). Surprisingly, this extended to disgust elicitors found outside care homes, suggesting generalisation of disgust habituation. While we found no difference between bodily effluvia (core disgust) and body envelope violations (gore disgust), generalisation did not extend to other domains: self-reported sexual and moral disgust sensitivity were not different between healthcare assistants and the control group, nor was there a correlation with career duration. In sum, our work confirms that people in high-frequency disgust employment are less sensitive to pathogen disgust. Crucially, we provide preliminary evidence that this is due to a process of long-term habituation with generalisation to disgust-elicitors within the pathogen domain, but not beyond it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Edgar
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Faye Chan
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington, United States of America
| | - Edwin S. Dalmaijer
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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162
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Li G, Chen N, Niu Y, Xu Z, Dong Y, Jin J, Zhu H. MSLTE: multiple self-supervised learning tasks for enhancing EEG emotion recognition. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:024003. [PMID: 38588700 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3c28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objective. The instability of the EEG acquisition devices may lead to information loss in the channels or frequency bands of the collected EEG. This phenomenon may be ignored in available models, which leads to the overfitting and low generalization of the model.Approach. Multiple self-supervised learning tasks are introduced in the proposed model to enhance the generalization of EEG emotion recognition and reduce the overfitting problem to some extent. Firstly, channel masking and frequency masking are introduced to simulate the information loss in certain channels and frequency bands resulting from the instability of EEG, and two self-supervised learning-based feature reconstruction tasks combining masked graph autoencoders (GAE) are constructed to enhance the generalization of the shared encoder. Secondly, to take full advantage of the complementary information contained in these two self-supervised learning tasks to ensure the reliability of feature reconstruction, a weight sharing (WS) mechanism is introduced between the two graph decoders. Thirdly, an adaptive weight multi-task loss (AWML) strategy based on homoscedastic uncertainty is adopted to combine the supervised learning loss and the two self-supervised learning losses to enhance the performance further.Main results. Experimental results on SEED, SEED-V, and DEAP datasets demonstrate that: (i) Generally, the proposed model achieves higher averaged emotion classification accuracy than various baselines included in both subject-dependent and subject-independent scenarios. (ii) Each key module contributes to the performance enhancement of the proposed model. (iii) It achieves higher training efficiency, and significantly lower model size and computational complexity than the state-of-the-art (SOTA) multi-task-based model. (iv) The performances of the proposed model are less influenced by the key parameters.Significance. The introduction of the self-supervised learning task helps to enhance the generalization of the EEG emotion recognition model and eliminate overfitting to some extent, which can be modified to be applied in other EEG-based classification tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqiang Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiang Niu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Xu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Dong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqin Zhu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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163
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Xia D, Zhao P, Wang J, Li Y. The projection of Chinese University online image and social media engagement based on Bayesian model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300625. [PMID: 38626024 PMCID: PMC11020415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Social media platforms provide the public with a forum for interaction and communication with tourism destinations, playing a significant role in the shaping and dissemination of destination images. Similarly, social media plays a vital role in the construction and propagation of online images for higher education institutions. For instance, indicators such as likes, shares, and visits on Weibo can serve as measures of public engagement with university social media. To reveal the triggering rules of social media engagement by projected images of destinations and related factors, this paper builds a Bayesian model using data from posts and interactions on the official Sina Weibo account of a Chinese university from 2018 to 2023. This model simulates to infer the optimal decisions that trigger university social media engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Xia
- School of Education Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Wulumuqi, China
- Vocational Ability Development Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Vocational Ability Development Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Vocational Ability Development Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingji Li
- School of Humanities and Management, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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164
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Roshan M, Rawat M, Aryan K, Lyakso E, Mekala AM, Ruban N. Linguistic based emotion analysis using softmax over time attention mechanism. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301336. [PMID: 38625932 PMCID: PMC11020773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognizing the real emotion of humans is considered the most essential task for any customer feedback or medical applications. There are many methods available to recognize the type of emotion from speech signal by extracting frequency, pitch, and other dominant features. These features are used to train various models to auto-detect various human emotions. We cannot completely rely on the features of speech signals to detect the emotion, for instance, a customer is angry but still, he is speaking at a low voice (frequency components) which will eventually lead to wrong predictions. Even a video-based emotion detection system can be fooled by false facial expressions for various emotions. To rectify this issue, we need to make a parallel model that will train on textual data and make predictions based on the words present in the text. The model will then classify the type of emotions using more comprehensive information, thus making it a more robust model. To address this issue, we have tested four text-based classification models to classify the emotions of a customer. We examined the text-based models and compared their results which showed that the modified Encoder decoder model with attention mechanism trained on textual data achieved an accuracy of 93.5%. This research highlights the pressing need for more robust emotion recognition systems and underscores the potential of transfer models with attention mechanisms to significantly improve feedback management processes and the medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Roshan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Mukul Rawat
- School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Karan Aryan
- Department of Computer Engineering, Army Institute of Technology, Pune, India
| | - Elena Lyakso
- The Child Speech Research Group, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. Mary Mekala
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Nersisson Ruban
- School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, India
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165
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Grimble N, Scarfo J, Katherveloo J, Ganci M, Ball M, Suleyman E. The relationship between interoceptive emotional awareness, neuroticism, and depression, anxiety, and stress. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299835. [PMID: 38626106 PMCID: PMC11020380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused challenges to daily living globally, with profound implications for negative mood. A variety of state and trait-based factors can influence how a person may respond and adapt to challenges such as a global pandemic. Personality is an area impacting how a person responds to both internal and external situations (trait) and Emotional Awareness (EA) is a facet of interoception (an awareness of the mind-body connection) that determines the way an individual interprets their physiological state of the body, and the associated emotions (state-trait). Both areas have been well researched in isolation, however the body of literature exploring the relationships between both is much smaller. It would therefore be beneficial to explore the interrelationships of both state and trait factors on wellbeing to enable a more comprehensive understanding. It was hypothesised that EA would moderate the relationship between Neuroticism and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Participants residing in Australia during periods of imposed lockdown were included within the study (n = 838; Ages = 18-60 years) and completed an online questionnaire battery including a variety of state and trait questionnaires. A moderation analysis was conducted to explore whether Emotional Awareness changed the relationship between neuroticism and depression, anxiety, and stress utilising an alpha of < .05. EA moderated the relationship between Neuroticism and Anxiety (p = .001, 95% CI .03-.17)), and Stress (p = .02 95% CI.01-.13), but not Depression (p = .23, 95% CI .03-.13). As Neuroticism increased, negative mood increased for all levels of EA, however those high in Neuroticism and EA displayed the highest Anxiety and Stress. Interventions to increase EA, such as mindfulness, may have adverse effects for individuals high in Neuroticism, emphasising the importance of tailored interventions and supporting the assumption that high levels of Neuroticism represent increased vulnerability during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Grimble
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Scarfo
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Katherveloo
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Ganci
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Ball
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emra Suleyman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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166
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Huish E, Donnelly O, Marks E. "I Really Felt the Feeling": A Systematic Review and Qualitative Thematic Synthesis of Healthcare Workers' Experiences of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Training. J Cogn Psychother 2024; 38:94-118. [PMID: 38631717 DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2022-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: Existing research suggests that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training is beneficial for healthcare workers' professional practice and personal well-being. This review aimed to further understanding of healthcare workers' experiences of ACT training by synthesizing existing qualitative studies.Methods: A systematic literature review identified papers published up until April 2022 using the Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases as well as relevant studies within the gray literature. Nine studies were included in the review, which were analyzed using Thematic Synthesis (Thomas & Harden, 2008).Results: Three analytical themes were identified through the thematic synthesis: I am both the patient and the professional; a powerful and empowering experience; and it is not always comfortable.Conclusion: This review has highlighted the importance of experiential learning. The training was a powerful experience for staff, but as such, it was not always comfortable. Recommendations for the future delivery of ACT training are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Huish
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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167
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Bachem R, Mazza A, Eberle DJ, Maercker A. A new approach to cultural scripts of trauma sequelae assessment: The sample case of Switzerland. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301645. [PMID: 38626140 PMCID: PMC11020718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The novel concept of cultural scripts of trauma sequelae captures culture-specific expressions of posttraumatic distress (e.g., cognitive, emotional, interpersonal, psychosomatic changes) and their temporal associations. Cultural scripts of trauma sequelae complement pan-cultural (etic) diagnoses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Complex PTSD, as well as the cultural syndromes concept. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop the cultural scripts of trauma inventory (CSTI) for German-speaking Switzerland and to explore temporal associations of script elements. METHOD Five semi-structured focus groups were conducted with psychotraumatologists (n = 8) and Swiss trauma survivors (n = 7). The interview schedule included open questions about different domains of potential posttraumatic changes (emotions, cognitions, worldviews, interpersonal relationships, body-related experiences, behavior, and growth). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The Swiss CSTI includes 57 emic elements that represent salient trauma sequelae (30 conformed with a theoretically derived item pool, 27 were newly phrased). Temporal script associations were visualized in a network, whereby self-deprecation, the urge to function and overcompensate, and the urge to hide and endure suffering had the highest number of connections. CONCLUSION While many posttraumatic changes identified in the present work seem to mirror pan-cultural phenomena represented in the Complex PTSD concept (e.g., self-deprecation), others (e.g., urge to function and perform, urge to hide and endure suffering) may be prominently related to Swiss culture with its value orientations. Knowledge about cultural scripts of trauma sequelae may provide a culture-specific framework that can help to understand individual experiences of distress and enable mental health practitioners to administer culturally sensitive interventions. Pending further validation, the Swiss CSTI bears the potential to advance culture-sensitive assessment of trauma sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel Bachem
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amelie Mazza
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J. Eberle
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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168
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Wahl KJ, Brooks M, Trenaman L, Desjardins-Lorimer K, Bell CM, Chokmorova N, Segall R, Syring J, Williams A, Li LC, Norman WV, Munro S. User-Centered Development of a Patient Decision Aid for Choice of Early Abortion Method: Multi-Cycle Mixed Methods Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e48793. [PMID: 38625731 DOI: 10.2196/48793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People seeking abortion in early pregnancy have the choice between medication and procedural options for care. The choice is preference-sensitive-there is no clinically superior option and the choice depends on what matters most to the individual patient. Patient decision aids (PtDAs) are shared decision-making tools that support people in making informed, values-aligned health care choices. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop and evaluate the usability of a web-based PtDA for the Canadian context, where abortion care is publicly funded and available without legal restriction. METHODS We used a systematic, user-centered design approach guided by principles of integrated knowledge translation. We first developed a prototype using available evidence for abortion seekers' decisional needs and the risks, benefits, and consequences of each option. We then refined the prototype through think-aloud interviews with participants at risk of unintended pregnancy ("patient" participants). Interviews were audio-recorded and documented through field notes. Finally, we conducted a web-based survey of patients and health care professionals involved with abortion care, which included the System Usability Scale. We used content analysis to identify usability issues described in the field notes and open-ended survey questions, and descriptive statistics to summarize participant characteristics and close-ended survey responses. RESULTS A total of 61 individuals participated in this study. Further, 11 patients participated in think-aloud interviews. Overall, the response to the PtDA was positive; however, the content analysis identified issues related to the design, language, and information about the process and experience of obtaining abortion care. In response, we adapted the PtDA into an interactive website and revised it to include consistent and plain language, additional information (eg, pain experience narratives), and links to additional resources on how to find an abortion health care professional. In total, 25 patients and 25 health care professionals completed the survey. The mean System Usability Scale score met the threshold for good usability among both patient and health care professional participants. Most participants felt that the PtDA was user-friendly (patients: n=25, 100%; health care professionals: n=22, 88%), was not missing information (patients: n=21, 84%; health care professionals: n=18, 72%), and that it was appropriate for patients to complete the PtDA before a consultation (patients: n=23, 92%; health care professionals: n=23, 92%). Open-ended responses focused on improving usability by reducing the length of the PtDA and making the website more mobile-friendly. CONCLUSIONS We systematically designed the PtDA to address an unmet need to support informed, values-aligned decision-making about the method of abortion. The design process responded to a need identified by potential users and addressed unique sensitivities related to reproductive health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Wahl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Melissa Brooks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Logan Trenaman
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Carolyn M Bell
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nazgul Chokmorova
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Romy Segall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janelle Syring
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aleyah Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda C Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy V Norman
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Munro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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169
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Howdle C, Wright WJA, Mant J, De Simoni A. Factors Influencing Recovery From Pediatric Stroke Based on Discussions From a UK-Based Online Stroke Community: Qualitative Thematic Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e49409. [PMID: 38625726 DOI: 10.2196/49409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of stroke in children is low, and pediatric stroke rehabilitation services are less developed than adult ones. Survivors of pediatric stroke have a long poststroke life expectancy and therefore have the potential to experience impairments from their stroke for many years. However, there are relatively few studies characterizing these impairments and what factors facilitate or counteract recovery. OBJECTIVE This study aims to characterize the main barriers to and facilitators of recovery from pediatric stroke. A secondary aim was to explore whether these factors last into adulthood, whether they change, or if new factors impacting recovery emerge in adulthood. METHODS We performed a qualitative thematic analysis based on posts from a population of participants from a UK-based online stroke community, active between 2004 and 2011. The analysis focused on users who talked about their experiences with pediatric stroke, as identified by a previous study. The posts were read by 3 authors, and factors influencing recovery from pediatric stroke were mapped into 4 areas: medical, physical, emotional, and social. Factors influencing recovery were divided into short-term and long-term factors. RESULTS There were 425 posts relating to 52 survivors of pediatric stroke. Some survivors of stroke posted for themselves, while others were talked about by a third party (mostly parents; 31/35, 89% mothers). In total, 79% (41/52) of survivors of stroke were aged ≤18 years and 21% (11/52) were aged >18 years at the time of posting. Medical factors included comorbidities as a barrier to recovery. Medical interventions, such as speech and language therapy and physiotherapy, were also deemed useful. Exercise, particularly swimming, was deemed a facilitator. Among physical factors, fatigue and chronic pain could persist decades after a stroke, with both reported as a barrier to feeling fully recovered. Tiredness could worsen existing stroke-related impairments. Other long-standing impairments were memory loss, confusion, and dizziness. Among emotional factors, fear and uncertainty were short-term barriers, while positivity was a major facilitator in both short- and long-term recovery. Anxiety, grief, and behavioral problems hindered recovery. The social barriers were loneliness, exclusion, and hidden disabilities not being acknowledged by third parties. A good support network and third-party support facilitated recovery. Educational services were important in reintegrating survivors into society. Participants reported that worrying about losing financial support, such as disability allowances, and difficulties in obtaining travel insurance and driving licenses impacted recovery. CONCLUSIONS The lived experience of survivors of pediatric stroke includes long-term hidden disabilities and barriers to rehabilitation. These are present in different settings, such as health care, schools, workplaces, and driving centers. Greater awareness of these issues by relevant professional groups may help ameliorate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Howdle
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan Mant
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna De Simoni
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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170
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Körner R, Schütz A, Petersen LE. "It doesn't matter if you are in charge of the trees, you always miss the trees for the forest": Power and the illusion of explanatory depth. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297850. [PMID: 38625848 PMCID: PMC11020624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Power can increase overconfidence and illusory thinking. We investigated whether power is also related to the illusion of explanatory depth (IOED), people's tendency to think they understand the world in more detail, coherence, and depth than they actually do. Abstract thinking was reported as a reason for the IOED, and according to the social distance theory of power, power increases abstract thinking. We linked these literatures and tested construal style as a mediator. Further, predispositions can moderate effects of power and we considered narcissism as a candidate because narcissism leads to overconfidence and may thus increase the IOED especially in combination with high power. In three preregistered studies (total N = 607), we manipulated power or measured feelings of power. We found evidence for the IOED (regarding explanatory knowledge about devices). Power led to general overconfidence but had only a small impact on the IOED. Power and narcissism had a small interactive effect on the IOED. Meta-analytical techniques suggest that previous findings on the construal-style-IOED link show only weak evidential value. Implications refer to research on management, power, and overconfidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Körner
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Schütz
- Department of Psychology, Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Lars-Eric Petersen
- Department of Psychology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Yao H, Gomes de Siqueira A, Rogers ML, Bloch-Elkouby S, Lawrence O, Sarli G, Foster A, Mitelman SA, Galynker I, Lok B. The impact of scaffolded and non-scaffolded suicidal virtual human interaction training on clinician emotional self-awareness, empathic communication, and clinical efficacy. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:413. [PMID: 38622653 PMCID: PMC11017492 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians working with patients at risk of suicide often experience high stress, which can result in negative emotional responses (NERs). Such negative emotional responses may lead to less empathic communication (EC) and unintentional rejection of the patient, potentially damaging the therapeutic alliance and adversely impacting suicidal outcomes. Therefore, clinicians need training to effectively manage negative emotions toward suicidal patients to improve suicidal outcomes. METHODS This study investigated the impact of virtual human interaction (VHI) training on clinicians' self-awareness of their negative emotional responses, assessed by the Therapist Response Questionnaire Suicide Form, clinicians' verbal empathic communication assessed by the Empathic Communication and Coding System, and clinical efficacy (CE). Clinical efficacy was assessed by the likelihood of subsequent appointments, perceived helpfulness, and overall interaction satisfaction as rated by individuals with lived experience of suicide attempts. Two conditions of virtual human interactions were used: one with instructions on verbal empathic communication and reminders to report negative emotional responses during the interaction (scaffolded); and the other with no such instructions or reminders (non-scaffolded). Both conditions provided pre-interaction instructions and post-interaction feedback aimed at improving clinicians' empathic communication and management of negative emotions. Sixty-two clinicians participated in three virtual human interaction sessions under one of the two conditions. Linear mixed models were utilized to evaluate the impact on clinicians' negative emotional responses, verbal empathic communication, and clinical efficacy; and to determine changes in these outcomes over time, as moderated by the training conditions. RESULTS Clinician participants' negative emotional responses decreased after two training sessions with virtual human interactions in both conditions. Participants in the scaffolded condition exhibited enhanced empathic communication after one training session, while two sessions were required for participants in the non-scaffolded condition. Surprisingly, after two training sessions, clinical efficacy was improved in the non-scaffolded group, while no similar improvements were observed in the scaffolded group. CONCLUSION Lower clinical efficacy after virtual human interaction training in clinicians with higher verbal empathic communication suggests that nonverbal expressions of empathy are critical when interacting with suicidal patients. Future work should explore virtual human interaction training in both nonverbal and verbal empathic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yao
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA.
| | - Alexandre Gomes de Siqueira
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, 78666, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Bloch-Elkouby
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, 10033, NY, USA
| | - Olivia Lawrence
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction, ASST Brianza, Vimercate, Italy
| | - Adriana Foster
- Healthcare Corporation of America (HCA) Florida, Woodmont Hospital, Tamarac, 33321, FL, USA
| | - Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Igor Galynker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Lok
- Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA.
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172
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Paul M, Bullock K, Bailenson J, Burns D. Examining the Efficacy of Extended Reality-Enhanced Behavioral Activation for Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e52326. [PMID: 38437873 DOI: 10.2196/52326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global concern with increasing prevalence. While many evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) have been identified to treat MDD, there are numerous barriers to patients accessing them. Virtual reality (VR) has been used as a treatment enhancement for a variety of mental health disorders, but few studies have examined its clinical use in treating MDD. Behavioral activation (BA) is a simple yet effective and established first-line EBP for MDD that has the potential to be easily enhanced and adapted with VR technology. A previous report by our group explored the feasibility and acceptability of VR-enhanced BA in a small clinical proof-of-concept pilot. This study examines the clinical efficacy of a more immersive extended reality (XR)-enhanced BA (XR-BA) prototype. This is the first clinical efficacy test of an XR-BA protocol. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether XR-BA was feasible and efficacious in treating MDD in an ambulatory telemedicine clinic. METHODS A nonblinded between-subject randomized controlled trial compared XR-BA to traditional BA delivered via telehealth. The study used a previously established, brief 3-week, 4-session BA EBP intervention. The experimental XR-BA participants were directed to use a Meta Quest 2 (Reality Labs) VR headset to engage in simulated pleasant or mastery activities and were compared to a control arm, which used only real-life mastery or pleasant activities as between-session homework. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 was the primary outcome measure. Independent-sample and paired-sample t tests (2-tailed) were used to determine statistical significance and confirmed using structural equation modeling. RESULTS Overall, 26 participants with MDD were randomized to receive either XR-BA (n=13, 50%) or traditional BA (n=13, 50%). The mean age of the 26 participants (n=6, 23% male; n=19, 73% female; n=1, 4% nonbinary or third gender) was 50.3 (SD 17.3) years. No adverse events were reported in either group, and no substantial differences in dropout rates or homework completion were observed. XR-BA was found to be statistically noninferior to traditional BA (t18.6=-0.28; P=.78). Both the XR-BA (t9=2.5; P=.04) and traditional BA (t10=2.3; P=.04) arms showed a statistically significant decrease in PHQ-9 and clinical severity from the beginning of session 1 to the beginning of session 4. There was a significant decrease in PHQ-8 to PHQ-9 scores between the phone intake and the beginning of session 1 for the XR-BA group (t11=2.6; P=.03) but not the traditional BA group (t11=1.4; P=.20). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed previous findings that XR-BA may be a feasible, non-inferior, and acceptable enhancement to traditional BA. Additionally, there was evidence that supports the potential of XR to enhance expectation or placebo effects. Further research is needed to examine the potential of XR to improve access, outcomes, and barriers to MDD care. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05525390; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05525390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Paul
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kim Bullock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy Bailenson
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Burns
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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173
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Huang X, Yuan S, Ling Y, Tan S, Xu A, Lyu J. Feelings of tense and risk of incident dementia: A prospective study of 482,360 individuals. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:541-550. [PMID: 38266930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between feelings of tense, as a significant emotional distress, and dementia remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between feelings of tense and dementia. METHODS In UK Biobank, feelings of tense were measured with a standard item. The primary outcome was all cause of dementia (ACD) and its subtypes (Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and other dementia). Cox regression models analyzed the association between feelings of tense and dementia risk, while linear regression examined the correlation with neuroimaging outcomes. The potential association and joint effects of AD and tenseness were evaluated based on the established genetic risk score (GRS). RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.7 years among 482,360 participants, 7331 dementia cases were identified. Individuals with feelings of tense had a significantly increased risk of ACD (HR, 1.194; 95 % CI: 1.115-1.278), VD (HR, 1.164; 95 % CI: 1.007-1.346), and other dementia (HR, 1.181; 95 % CI: 1.081-1.289), but not AD in multi-adjusted models. This association persisted across various sensitivity analyses and exhibited some heterogeneity in subgroup analyses. Furthermore, feelings of tense are associated with total brain volume shrinkage, higher white matter hyperintensities, and decreased partial subcortical volume, particularly in the hippocampus. No interaction between tenseness and AD genetic susceptibility was observed (P for interaction =0.346). LIMITATIONS Our study only considered feelings of tense measured at a one-time point. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a significant association between feeling of tense and elevated dementia risk, indicating that tenseness could serve as a modifiable psychological determinant for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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174
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Provost S, Fourdain S, Vannasing P, Tremblay J, Roger K, Caron-Desrochers L, Hüsser A, Paquette N, Doussau A, Poirier N, Simard MN, Gallagher A. Language brain responses and neurodevelopmental outcome in preschoolers with congenital heart disease: A fNIRS study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108843. [PMID: 38423173 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disabilities affect up to 50% of survivors of congenital heart disease (CHD). Language difficulties are frequently identified during preschool period and can lead to academic, social, behavioral, and emotional difficulties. Structural brain alterations are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes in patients with CHD during infancy, childhood, and adolescence. However, evidence is lacking about the functional brain activity in children with CHD and its relationship with neurodevelopment. This study therefore aimed to characterize brain responses during a passive story-listening task in 3-year-old children with CHD, and to investigate the relationship between functional brain patterns of language processing and neurodevelopmental outcomes. To do so, we assessed hemodynamic concentration changes, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and neurodevelopmental outcomes, using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence - 4th Edition (WPPSI-IV), in children with CHD (n = 19) and healthy controls (n = 23). Compared to their healthy peers, children with CHD had significantly lower scores on the Verbal comprehension index (VCI), the Vocabulary acquisition index (VAI), the General ability index (GAI), and the Information and the Picture Naming subtests of the WPPSI-IV. During the passive story-listening task, healthy controls showed significant hemodynamic brain responses in the temporal and the temporal posterior regions, with stronger activation in the temporal posterior than in the temporal regions. In contrast, children with CHD showed reduced activation in the temporal posterior regions compared to controls, with no difference of activation between regions. Reduced brain responses in the temporal posterior regions were also correlated with lower neurodevelopmental outcomes in both groups. This is the first study that reveals reduced brain functional responses in preschoolers with CHD during a receptive language task. It also suggests that the temporal posterior activation could be a potential brain marker of cognitive development. These findings provide support for the feasibility of identifying brain correlates of neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities in children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Provost
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Solène Fourdain
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Phetsamone Vannasing
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Tremblay
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kassandra Roger
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Caron-Desrochers
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alejandra Hüsser
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Natacha Paquette
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Doussau
- Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nancy Poirier
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; Clinique d'Investigation Neurocardiaque (CINC), Sainte-Justine University Hospital Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Noëlle Simard
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada; School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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175
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Fares-Otero NE, Halligan SL, Vieta E, Heilbronner U. Pupil size as a potential marker of emotion processing in child maltreatment. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:392-395. [PMID: 38290582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Fares-Otero
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Urs Heilbronner
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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176
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Blanchard AW, Rufino K, Patriquin MA. Difficulties in emotion regulation moderates the relationship between mood symptoms and nightmares in an inpatient psychiatric sample. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:179-183. [PMID: 38286228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional processing and regulation of affect are often impaired in psychiatric patients. Nightmares could be considered a manifestation of problems with this process. In the present study, we examined how depression, anxiety and suicidal risk related to difficulties in emotion regulation and nightmares over the course of inpatient treatment. We also explored whether emotion regulation problems moderated the relationship between changes in depression, anxiety, and suicide risk to changes in nightmares from admission to discharge. METHODS The present study included 1215 adults admitted to an inpatient psychiatric hospital ranging from 18 to 87 years of age (M = 37.18, SD = 16.14). Mood symptoms, emotion regulation difficulties, nightmares and suicide risk were assessed at admission and discharge. Moderation analyses were calculated using Model 1 of the PROCESS Macro (Hayes, 2013). RESULTS Moderation analyses showed the associations between depression and nightmares (b = 0.25, p < .001) and suicide and nightmares (b = 0.34, p < .001) were strongest when patients had high levels of emotion regulation difficulties. Emotion regulation difficulties did not, however, moderate the relationship between anxiety and nightmares. Furthermore, improvement in depression and nightmares was significantly related to improvement in emotion regulation difficulties. LIMITATIONS The homogeneity of the sample limits the generalizability of the results. Furthermore, the use of self-report measures, especially sleep related assessments, can bias the data more than objective measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide clinical implications when treating psychiatric patients such as a need for emotion regulation skills building.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katrina Rufino
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; University of Houston Downtown, Houston, TX 77002, USA
| | - Michelle A Patriquin
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX 77035, USA; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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177
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Zhang J, Pena A, Delano N, Sattari N, Shuster AE, Baker FC, Simon K, Mednick SC. Evidence of an active role of dreaming in emotional memory processing shows that we dream to forget. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8722. [PMID: 38622204 PMCID: PMC11018802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dreaming is a universal human behavior that has inspired searches for meaning across many disciplines including art, psychology, religion, and politics, yet its function remains poorly understood. Given the suggested role of sleep in emotional memory processing, we investigated whether reported overnight dreaming and dream content are associated with sleep-dependent changes in emotional memory and reactivity, and whether dreaming plays an active or passive role. Participants completed an emotional picture task before and after a full night of sleep and they recorded the presence and content of their dreams upon waking in the morning. The results replicated the emotional memory trade-off (negative images maintained at the cost of neutral memories), but only in those who reported dreaming (Dream-Recallers), and not in Non-Dream-Recallers. Results also replicated sleep-dependent reductions in emotional reactivity, but only in Dream-Recallers, not in Non-Dream-Recallers. Additionally, the more positive the dream report, the more positive the next-day emotional reactivity is compared to the night before. These findings implicate an active role for dreaming in overnight emotional memory processing and suggest a mechanistic framework whereby dreaming may enhance salient emotional experiences via the forgetting of less relevant information.
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178
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Aumann RJ. Why consciousness? Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108803. [PMID: 38280670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Conscious emotions drive all we do, except for automatic tasks like breathing. Specifically, they enable the operation of incentives-like hunger for eating-that motivate us to perform tasks that are vital to our lives. Indeed, we act because we want to act, and desire is an emotion. Next, we want to act because we expect the action to lead to some positive emotion such as pleasure, enjoyment, satisfaction, comfort, fulfillment, …. Finally, to feel this emotion, we must perceive-consciously experience-the outer world. Conscious emotions also operate indirectly, as when driving an automobile: Though most driving is nonconscious, each particular journey is consciously undertaken for some specific reason; also, emotions operated consciously during the period in which driving was being learned, and for some time afterwards. In short, we suggest that the adaptive function of consciousness is to enable conscious emotions to operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Aumann
- Department of Mathematics and Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
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179
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Hall JA, Wilkinson K, Haddon C, Barrett G. How, when, and who should ask about pregnancy intentions in primary care? A qualitative study of women's preferences. Fam Pract 2024; 41:131-138. [PMID: 38124485 PMCID: PMC11017777 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For health services to help people plan for or prevent pregnancy, health professionals need an acceptable way to identify individuals' preferences. OBJECTIVE To assess women's views on the acceptability of specific questions about pregnancy preferences when asked by health professionals in a variety of primary care contexts. METHODS One-to-one in-depth interviews with 13 women aged 18-48 from across the UK, involving role-play scenarios and ranking exercises. Interviews covered a range of settings and health professionals, different question wording, and ways of asking (in person or digitally). We conducted a thematic Framework Analysis, focussing on themes relating to feelings and preferences. RESULTS Women were generally open to being asked about pregnancy preferences if they understood the rationale, it was asked in a relevant context, such as in women's health-related consultations, and there was follow-up. After signposting, an open question, such as 'How would you feel about having a baby in the next year?' was preferred in a face-to-face context as it enabled discussion. While some women valued a face-to-face discussion with a health professional, for others the privacy and convenience of a digital option was preferred; methods should be tailored to the target population. CONCLUSION Discussion of pregnancy preferences via a range of formats is acceptable to, and valued by, women in the UK across a range of primary care settings. Acceptability to health professionals and feasibility of implementation needs further exploration and would benefit from greater public awareness of the benefits of pregnancy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Hall
- UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Reproductive Health Research Department, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Team, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Geraldine Barrett
- UCL EGA Institute for Women’s Health, Reproductive Health Research Department, Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Team, London, United Kingdom
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180
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Landin-Romero R, Kumfor F, Ys Lee A, Leyton C, Piguet O. Clinical and cortical trajectories in non-fluent primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease: A role for emotion processing. Brain Res 2024; 1829:148777. [PMID: 38286395 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the clinical trajectories and neural correlates of cognitive and emotion processing changes in the non-fluent/agrammatic (nfvPPA) and the logopenic (lvPPA) variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA). DESIGN Observational case-control longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Research clinic of frontotemporal dementia. PARTICIPANTS This study recruited 29 non-semantic PPA patients (15 nfvPPA and 14 lvPPA) and compared them with 15 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 14 healthy controls. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed an annual assessment (median = 2 years; range = 1-5 years) of general cognition, emotion processing and structural MRI. Linear mixed effects models investigated clinical and imaging trajectories between groups. RESULTS Over time, lvPPA showed the greatest cognitive deterioration. In contrast, nfvPPA showed significant decline in emotion recognition, whereas AD showed preserved emotion recognition, even with disease progression. Importantly, lvPPA also developed emotion processing impairments, with disease progression. Both nfvPPA and lvPPA showed continuing cortical atrophy in hallmark language-processing regions associated with these syndromes, together with progressive involvement of the right hemisphere regions, mirroring left hemisphere atrophy patterns at presentation. Decline in emotion processing was associated with bilateral frontal atrophy in nfvPPA and right temporal atrophy in lvPPA. CONCLUSIONS Our results show divergent clinical courses in nfvPPA and lvPPA, with rapid cognitive and neural deterioration in lvPPA and emotion processing decline in both groups and support the concurrent assessment of cognition and emotion processing in the clinic to inform diagnosis and monitoring in the non-semantic variants of PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Landin-Romero
- Sydney School of Health Sciences & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australia.
| | - Fiona Kumfor
- School of Psychology & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australia
| | - Austin Ys Lee
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australia
| | - Cristian Leyton
- School of Psychology & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- School of Psychology & Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australia
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181
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Li Y, Li S, Hu W, Yang L, Luo W. Spatial representation of multidimensional information in emotional faces revealed by fMRI. Neuroimage 2024; 290:120578. [PMID: 38499051 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Face perception is a complex process that involves highly specialized procedures and mechanisms. Investigating into face perception can help us better understand how the brain processes fine-grained, multidimensional information. This research aimed to delve deeply into how different dimensions of facial information are represented in specific brain regions or through inter-regional connections via an implicit face recognition task. To capture the representation of various facial information in the brain, we employed support vector machine decoding, functional connectivity, and model-based representational similarity analysis on fMRI data, resulting in the identification of three crucial findings. Firstly, despite the implicit nature of the task, emotions were still represented in the brain, contrasting with all other facial information. Secondly, the connection between the medial amygdala and the parahippocampal gyrus was found to be essential for the representation of facial emotion in implicit tasks. Thirdly, in implicit tasks, arousal representation occurred in the parahippocampal gyrus, while valence depended on the connection between the primary visual cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus. In conclusion, these findings dissociate the neural mechanisms of emotional valence and arousal, revealing the precise spatial patterns of multidimensional information processing in faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Shuaixia Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Lan Yang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, PR China
| | - Wenbo Luo
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, PR China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116029, PR China.
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182
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Zhu R, Yuan L, Pan Y, Wang Y, Xiu D, Liu W. Effects of natural sound exposure on health recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 921:171052. [PMID: 38373459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Listening to natural sounds, both live and recorded, in either a natural or built environment is considered natural sound exposure (NSE). Sound is closely related to daily life, and research on the restorative effects of natural sounds is expanding. However, there is a lack of quantitative and comprehensive analysis on the impact of NSE on health recovery. This study systematically reviewed and conducted a meta-analysis on the impact of NSE on health recovery. Fifteen studies (1285 participants) were selected for the meta-analysis out of the 1157 literatures about the recovery of the NSE, searched from the Web of Science and Science Direct. The results indicate that NSE has certain positive effects: (a) In terms of emotional changes, NSE significantly reduces anxiety as measured by both the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) -2.31 (95 % CI -2.83, -1.79) and the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) -12.22 (95 % CI -22.46, -1.98). (b) In terms of physiological reaction, NSE resulted in reduced heart rate (HR) -5.46 (95 % CI -9.62, -1.31), systolic blood pressure (SBP) -11.74 (95 % CI -15.51, -7.97), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -13.98 (95 % CI -24.96, -2.99) and respiratory rate (RR) -1.58 (95 % CI -3.06, -0.10). (c) While the potential for restoration of cognitive performance by NSE was found, no consistent conclusions have been reached yet. However, there was significant heterogeneity between studies, primarily attributed to variations in study populations and methodologies. Because of the limited literature, we did not conduct subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. It is recommended that future studies address this heterogeneity by including more and higher-quality literature and employing rigorous methodologies to establish a robust foundation for evidence-based medicine. This will be of great significance for the application natural sounds in landscape planning and medical rehabilitation environments, and has the potential to promote improvements in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Zhu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China.
| | - Liyun Yuan
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yanting Pan
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Yefan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Danping Xiu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China
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183
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Amiri H, Peiravi S, Rezazadeh Shojaee SS, Rouhparvarzamin M, Nateghi MN, Etemadi MH, ShojaeiBaghini M, Musaie F, Anvari MH, Asadi Anar M. Medical, dental, and nursing students' attitudes and knowledge towards artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:412. [PMID: 38622577 PMCID: PMC11017500 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05406-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most popular topics that can be integrated into healthcare activities. Currently, AI is used in specialized fields such as radiology, pathology, and ophthalmology. Despite the advantages of AI, the fear of human labor being replaced by this technology makes some students reluctant to choose specific fields. This meta-analysis aims to investigate the knowledge and attitude of medical, dental, and nursing students and experts in this field about AI and its application. METHOD This study was designed based on PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched with relevant keywords. After study selection according to inclusion criteria, data of knowledge and attitude were extracted for meta-analysis. RESULT Twenty-two studies included 8491 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled analysis revealed a proportion of 0.44 (95%CI = [0.34, 0.54], P < 0.01, I2 = 98.95%) for knowledge. Moreover, the proportion of attitude was 0.65 (95%CI = [0.55, 0.75], P < 0.01, I2 = 99.47%). The studies did not show any publication bias with a symmetrical funnel plot. CONCLUSION Average levels of knowledge indicate the necessity of including relevant educational programs in the student's academic curriculum. The positive attitude of students promises the acceptance of AI technology. However, dealing with ethics education in AI and the aspects of human-AI cooperation are discussed. Future longitudinal studies could follow students to provide more data to guide how AI can be incorporated into education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Samira Peiravi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sara Rezazadeh Shojaee
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Motahareh Rouhparvarzamin
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Nateghi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Etemadi
- Students Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahdie ShojaeiBaghini
- Medical Informatics Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhan Musaie
- Dentistry Student, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Anvari
- Master of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahsa Asadi Anar
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, SBUMS, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
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184
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Kurosaka C, Tagata C, Nakagawa S, Kobayashi M, Miyake S. Effects of green tea and roasted green tea on human responses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8588. [PMID: 38615105 PMCID: PMC11016062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to elucidate the effects of tea consumption on refreshment and stress reduction/recovery through examining the multiple associations among factors such as various physiological responses and task performance. Participants included 20 healthy young men who performed a mental arithmetic task while 11 physiological responses were measured. The experiments were conducted twice under different beverage consumption conditions on separate days. The mental arithmetic task was executed six times in 1 day; participants ingested hot water, green tea, or roasted green tea (hojicha) before each task. Several subjective assessments: subjective fatigue, stress, mental workload, and flow were evaluated after each task. The R-R intervals, heart rate variability spectral components, the Poincaré plot indices (SD1 and SD2) and plethysmogram amplitude tended to decrease during task periods compared to resting periods. Tissue blood volume/flow (TBV, TBF) and near-infrared spectroscopy responses (NIRS) were lower in the tea condition than in the hot water condition. By scrutinizing various indicators, we found that aromatic stimulation of Japanese tea beverages has the potential to induce positive effects, enhance mental task performance, promote refreshment, and alleviate feelings of fatigue. These positive effects were observed even in small quantities and within a short duration, mirroring responses observed in daily consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Kurosaka
- Department of Human, Information and Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Chika Tagata
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sae Nakagawa
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- Central Research Institute, ITOEN, Ltd., Makinohara, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyake
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Chitose, Hokkaido, Japan
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185
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Wagenaar CA, Toonstra A, Walrabenstein W, van Schaardenburg D, van Nassau F. How the Plants for Joints multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention achieved its effects: a mixed methods process evaluation. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1034. [PMID: 38615001 PMCID: PMC11016213 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18554-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants for Joints (PFJ) is a multidisciplinary intervention centered around a whole-food plant-based diet, physical activity, and sleep and stress management. The PFJ intervention successfully improved disease activity and symptoms in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA), respectively, and metabolic health. To investigate how these effects were achieved a mixed methods process evaluation was conducted to understand the context, implementation, and mechanism of impact of the PFJ intervention. Also, the relationship between degree of implementation and lifestyle changes was explored. METHODS Quantitative and qualitative data were collected across the evaluation domains context (i.e. reach), implementation (i.e. recruitment and delivery), and mechanism of impact (i.e. responsiveness) of both the participants and coaches (incl. dietitians, sport coaches) according to the UK MRC guidelines for process evaluations. Data was collected from the participants via focus groups and questionnaires after the intervention, and interviews with coaches. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and quantitative data were assessed with descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses. Degree of implementation was quantified using a theory-driven implementation index score composed of different process evaluation constructs. RESULTS Of the 155 participants who participated in the PFJ intervention, 106 (68%) took part in the questionnaire and 34 (22%) attended a focus group. Participants felt the intervention was complete, coherent, and would recommend the intervention to others (mean score 9.2 (SD 1.4) out of 10). Participants felt heard and empowered to take control of their lifestyle and health outcomes. Components perceived as most useful were self-monitoring, social support, practical and theoretical information, and (individual) guidance by the multidisciplinary team. Participants perceived the intervention as feasible, and many indicated it effectively improved their health outcomes. In an explorative analysis there was no significant difference in healthy lifestyle changes across implementation index score groups. CONCLUSION This process evaluation offers important insights into why the PFJ intervention works and how the intervention can be optimized for future implementation. Results indicating the intervention's high satisfaction, feasibility, and perceived effectiveness, further support the use of plant-based lifestyle interventions as an additional treatment option for patients with RA, OA, or other chronic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Clinical Trial Registry Platform numbers: NL7800, NL7801, and NL7802, all registered 17-06-2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn A Wagenaar
- Reade Center for Rheumtology and Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Alie Toonstra
- Reade Center for Rheumtology and Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Reade Center for Rheumtology and Rehabilitation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke van Nassau
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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186
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Marchetti V, Panno A, Scopelliti M, Romano L, Angelini G, Rinallo E, Barni D, Fiorilli C. Trait emotional intelligence and ecological outcomes: the role of connectedness to nature. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:201. [PMID: 38609991 PMCID: PMC11010389 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global climate change is recognized as a major and irreversible challenge for humanity, requiring people's responsible and sustainable behaviors toward the environment. So far, the literature has widely investigated the role of cognitive determinants of ecological outcomes (e.g., pro-environmental behaviors and climate change perception), while less attention has been devoted to emotional processes, such as trait emotional intelligence (TEI). The current double study investigates whether TEI is directly and indirectly associated with climate change perception (CCP, Study 1) and pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs, Study 2) among young adults. Furthermore, the mediating role of connectedness to nature (CN), both as cognitive and emotional factors, was also analyzed. We hypothesized that CN (i.e., cognitive mediator) would positively mediate the relationship between TEI and CCP (H1), and Love and Care for Nature (LCN, i.e., emotional mediator) would positively mediate the relationship between TEI and PEBs (H2). METHODS The study involved 342 young adults (F = 60.7%; age 19-40; Mage=22.99; SD = 2.66) in Study 1 and 365 young adults (F = 71.2%; age 17-35; Mage=22.2; SD = 3.98) in Study 2. Data were collected through an online tool shared by the snowball method. We administered the following self-reports: Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQue- SF), Global Climate Change (GCC), and Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) (Study 1); Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire- Short Form (TEIQue-SF), General Environmental Behaviors Scale (GEB), and Love and Care for Nature (LCN) (Study 2). RESULTS Findings from Study 1 showed that higher TEI levels enhance CN (i.e., cognitive mediator), positively influencing CCP (estimate = 0.14; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.23). Findings from Study 2 showed that higher TEI levels are associated with higher LCN levels (i.e., emotional mediator), influencing people's engagement in PEBs (estimate = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.11). CONCLUSION It is crucial to design environmental education programs that promote greater emotional intelligence ability and encourage individuals' involvement in ecological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelo Panno
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Studies, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Luciano Romano
- Experimental and Applied Psychology Laboratory, Department of Human Studies, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Angelini
- Department of Human Studies, Lumsa University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Rinallo
- Department of Human Studies, Lumsa University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Barni
- Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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187
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Liu C, He X, Yi L. Determinants of multimodal fake review generation in China's E-commerce platforms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8524. [PMID: 38609469 PMCID: PMC11015007 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper develops a theoretical model of determinants influencing multimodal fake review generation using the theories of signaling, actor-network, motivation, and human-environment interaction hypothesis. Applying survey data from users of China's three leading E-commerce platforms (Taobao, Jingdong, and Pinduoduo), we adopt structural equation modeling, machine learning technique, and Bayesian complex networks analysis to perform factor identification, path analysis, feature factor importance ranking, regime division, and network centrality analysis of full sample, male sample, and female sample to reach the following conclusions: (1) platforms' multimodal recognition and governance capabilities exert significant negative moderating effects on merchants' information behavior, while it shows no apparent moderating effect on users' information behavior; users' emotional venting, perceived value, reward mechanisms, and subjective norms positively influence multimodal fake review generation through perceptual behavior control; (2) feature factors of multimodal fake review generation can be divided into four regimes, i.e., regime 1 includes reward mechanisms and perceived social costs, indicating they are key feature factors of multimodal fake review generation; merchant perception impact is positioned in regime 2, signifying its pivotal role in multimodal fake review generation; regime 3 includes multimodal recognition and governance capabilities, supporting/disparaging merchants, and emotional venting; whereas user perception impact is positioned in regime 4, indicating its weaker influence on multimodal fake review generation; (3) both in full sample, male sample, and female sample, reward mechanisms play a crucial role in multimodal fake review generation; perceived value, hiring review control agency, multimodal recognition and governance capabilities exhibit a high degree of correlation; however, results of network centrality analysis also exhibit heterogeneity between male and female samples, i.e., male sample has different trends in closeness centrality values and betweenness centrality values than female sample. This indicates that determinants influencing multimodal fake review generation are complex and interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Liu
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Digital Literacy and Skills Enhancement Research Center, Jiangxi Province Philosophy and Social Science Key Research Base, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xutao He
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Digital Literacy and Skills Enhancement Research Center, Jiangxi Province Philosophy and Social Science Key Research Base, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Lan Yi
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
- Digital Literacy and Skills Enhancement Research Center, Jiangxi Province Philosophy and Social Science Key Research Base, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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188
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Ventres WB, Stone LA, Shapiro JF, Haq C, Leão JRB, Nease DE, Grant L, Mercer SW, Gillies JCM, Blasco PG, De Benedetto MAC, Moreto G, Levites MR, DeVoe JE, Phillips WR, Uygur JM, Egnew TR, Stanley CS. Storylines of family medicine V: ways of thinking-honing the therapeutic self. Fam Med Community Health 2024; 12:e002792. [PMID: 38609087 PMCID: PMC11029209 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2024-002792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'V: ways of thinking-honing the therapeutic self', authors present the following sections: 'Reflective practice in action', 'The doctor as drug-Balint groups', 'Cultivating compassion', 'Towards a humanistic approach to doctoring', 'Intimacy in family medicine', 'The many faces of suffering', 'Transcending suffering' and 'The power of listening to stories.' May readers feel a deeper sense of their own therapeutic agency by reflecting on these essays.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Ventres
- Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Leslie A Stone
- Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Johanna F Shapiro
- Family Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Haq
- Family Medicine, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA
| | | | - Donald E Nease
- Family Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Liz Grant
- Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stewart W Mercer
- Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John C M Gillies
- Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jennifer E DeVoe
- Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William R Phillips
- Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jane M Uygur
- General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas R Egnew
- Family Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Colette S Stanley
- General Internal Medicine, Geriatrics & Palliative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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189
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Kouri G, Meuwly N, Richter M, Schoebi D. Attachment insecurities, emotion dynamics and stress in intimate relationships during the transition to parenthood. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:200. [PMID: 38609973 PMCID: PMC11010316 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In intimate relationships, which are characterized by emotional interdependence, partners act as attachment figures which serve emotion regulation functions. The experience of emotions as well as the strategies that partners use to regulate them and to respond to relational experiences, especially during stressful periods, differ greatly according to their attachment orientation. An important aspect in emotion dynamics is emotional inertia, which reflects the degree to which a person's current affective state is resistant to change on a moment-to-moment basis. Inertia has been related to maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, like suppression and rumination, preferentially used by highly anxious and avoidant individuals. The aim of this study is to examine associations between attachment orientations and reports on the experience of positive and negative affect, and their dynamics in daily life across the transition to parenthood. METHODS Longitudinal data from a sample of 152 mixed-gender couples collected across the transition to parenthood was analyzed. We predicted that individuals with a more insecure attachment would report more negative and less positive affect, and that their emotional experience would be more resistant to change over time. We explored effects when participants reported feeling stressed. RESULTS The data suggested that attachment anxiety was associated with less positive and more negative affect and that attachment avoidance was associated with more positive affect. Anxious individuals showed lower emotional inertia and not higher as we expected. Reported stress for anxious and avoidant individuals was significantly associated with more negative but not less positive affect. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in the light of their impact on couples during stressful periods. Differences between anxiety and avoidance are found, emphasizing the importance of attachment insecurities on the experience of emotion. Furthermore, our findings on momentary fluctuating affect offer complementary insight into the emotional functioning of individuals with different attachment orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kouri
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Nathalie Meuwly
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Richter
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schoebi
- University of Fribourg, Department of Psychology, Rue de Faucigny 2, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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190
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Qorbani S, Majdabadi ZA, Nikpeyma N, Haghani S, Shahrestanaki SK, Poortaghi S. The effect of participation in support groups on retirement syndrome in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:333. [PMID: 38609838 PMCID: PMC11010321 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04923-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retirement and aging are phenomena that often occur simultaneously and lead to various physical and psychological changes in older adults. Retirement syndrome consists of symptoms such as feelings of emptiness, loneliness, uselessness, lack of clear understanding of future conditions and dissatisfaction with one's performance after retirement. This phenomenon requires interventions to adapt to these changes. Considering the supportive role of nurses, the formation of support groups as an effective intervention in adapting to transitional stages is emphasized. AIMS This study aims to investigate the effect of older adults' participation in support groups on retirement syndrome. METHODS This Quasi-experimental study recruited a total of 80 retired older adults meeting the inclusion criteria from three Retirement Associations (Retirement centers for social security retirees are among the institutions that have been set up by the government and this organization to provide face-to-face and offline services to social security retirees, as well as providing some facilities to this segment of the society). in Iran, Research samples were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The demographic questionnaire and retirement syndrome questionnaire were completed by both groups at the beginning of the study. Then, four support group sessions lasting 60 to 90 min were held twice a week for the support group, and eight weeks after the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were completed for both groups. The data were analyzed using statistical tests in SPSS version 16. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all tests. RESULTS The results of the covariance analysis showed that after the intervention, the feelings of helplessness and failure (p < 0.001), feelings of older and idleness (p = 0.027), and feelings of confusion and conflict (p = 0.002) were significantly less in the support group compared to the control group. In addition, the Feeling of trying and new direction (p < 0.001) was higher after the intervention. The paired t-test results showed that in the support group, the feelings of helplessness and failure (p < 0.001), feelings of older and idleness (p = 0.004), and feelings of confusion and conflict (p < 0.001) significantly decreased after the intervention compared to before it, while the feelings of trying and new direction (p = 0.004) significantly increased. Therefore, the results showed that after the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in all components of the retirement syndrome. CONCLUSION The results of this study show that participation of retired older adults in support groups can significantly improve all components of retirement syndrome, leading to an improvement in their quality of life and satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Qorbani
- Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Amrollah Majdabadi
- Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nikpeyma
- Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Haghani
- Biostatistics Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Keyvanloo Shahrestanaki
- Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarieh Poortaghi
- Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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191
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Boere K, Krigolson OE. The effects of multi-colour light filtering glasses on human brain wave activity. BMC Neurosci 2024; 25:21. [PMID: 38609841 PMCID: PMC11015570 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-024-00865-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of electronic screens in modern society has significantly increased our exposure to high-energy blue and violet light wavelengths. Accumulating evidence links this exposure to adverse visual and cognitive effects and sleep disturbances. To mitigate these effects, the optical industry has introduced a variety of filtering glasses. However, the scientific validation of these glasses has often been based on subjective reports and a narrow range of objective measures, casting doubt on their true efficacy. In this study, we used electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain wave activity to evaluate the effects of glasses that filter multiple wavelengths (blue, violet, indigo, and green) on human brain activity. Our results demonstrate that wearing these multi-colour light filtering glasses significantly reduces beta wave power (13-30 Hz) compared to control or no glasses. Prior research has associated a reduction in beta power with the calming of heightened mental states, such as anxiety. As such, our results suggest that wearing glasses such as the ones used in this study may also positively change mental states, for instance, by promoting relaxation. This investigation is innovative in applying neuroimaging techniques to confirm that light-filtering glasses can induce measurable changes in brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Boere
- Theoretical and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Victoria, BC, PO Box (1700). STN CSC, Canada.
| | - Olave E Krigolson
- Theoretical and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, The University of Victoria, V8W 2Y2, Victoria, BC, PO Box (1700). STN CSC, Canada
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192
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Raccanello D, Burro R, Aristovnik A, Ravšelj D, Umek L, Vicentini G, Hall R, Buizza C, Buzdar MA, Chatterjee S, Cucari N, Dobrowolska B, Ferreira-Oliveira AT, França T, Ghilardi A, Inasius F, Kar SK, Karampelas K, Kuzyshyn A, Lazăr F, Machin-Mastromatteo JD, Malliarou M, Marques BP, Méndez-Prado SM, Mollica C, Obadić A, Olaniyan OF, Rodrigues AS, Sbravati G, Vasić A, Zamfir AM, Tomaževič N. Coping and emotions of global higher education students to the Ukraine war worldwide. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8561. [PMID: 38609468 PMCID: PMC11014932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Trauma scientists have raised the alarm about the devastating consequences of the Ukraine war on mental health. We examined how higher education students-as indirect victims-coped with this conflict and how they emotionally reacted during 2022. We involved 2314 students from 16 countries through an online survey. A structural equation model indicated significant relations between war-related worry about military and macroeconomics domains and two coping strategies (opposition, support giving), in turn significantly linked with six emotions. The model was strongly invariant across gender, study field, and geographic area. The most frequent emotions were anger and anxiety, followed by two future-centred emotions (hopelessness and hope). Emotions were more frequent for females and students of the countries geographically close to the war region. Our findings call for evidence-based policy recommendations to be implemented by institutions to combat the negative short and long-term psychological sequelae of being witnesses of armed conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Burro
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Dejan Ravšelj
- Faculty of Public Administration, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Lan Umek
- Faculty of Public Administration, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Giada Vicentini
- Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rob Hall
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Environmetrics, Killara, Australia
| | - Chiara Buizza
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Muhammad Ayub Buzdar
- Department of Secondary Teacher Education, Allama Iqbal Open University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Surobhi Chatterjee
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Nicola Cucari
- Department of Management, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beata Dobrowolska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Thais França
- Centre for Research and Studies in Sociology, Cies-Iscte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Ghilardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fany Inasius
- School of Accounting, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Andrii Kuzyshyn
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Florin Lazăr
- Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Maria Malliarou
- Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Vólos, Greece
| | - Bertil P Marques
- Institute of Engineering of Porto, P.PORTO-Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cristina Mollica
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alka Obadić
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olawale Festus Olaniyan
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of The Gambia, Serrekunda, Gambia
| | - Ana Sofia Rodrigues
- CISAS, Polytechnic Institute of Viana Do Castelo, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Giulio Sbravati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ana-Maria Zamfir
- National Scientific Research Institute for Labour and Social Protection, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Nina Tomaževič
- Faculty of Public Administration, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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193
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Jin F, Wang X, Qi M, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Effectiveness and safety of Buzzy device in needle-related procedures for children under twelve years of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37522. [PMID: 38608108 PMCID: PMC11018245 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain transcends simple physiology, encompassing biological, emotional, psychological, and social facets. Children show pronounced immediate and enduring responses to pain-related procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children aged twelve years or younger. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to July 2023. Only randomized controlled trials utilizing the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children under twelve years old were included. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Random-effects models were utilized, and analyses were performed using mean differences or standardized mean differences as well as risk ratios. RESULTS A total of 19 studies were included, involving 2846 participants (Buzzy = 1095, Control = 1751). Compared to no intervention, the Buzzy device significantly reduced pain response [self-report SMD = -1.90 (-2.45, -1.36), parental SMD = -3.04 (-4.09, -1.99), observer SMD = -2.88 (-3.75, -2.02)] and anxiety scores [self-report SMD = -1.97 (-3.05, -0.88), parental SMD = -2.01 (-2.93, -1.08), observer SMD = -1.92 (-2.64, -1.19)]. Compared to virtual reality (VR), the Buzzy device reduced self-reported anxiety levels SMD = -0.47 (-0.77, -0.17), and compared to distraction cards, the Buzzy device reduced parental and observer-reported pain [parental SMD = -0.85 (-1.22, -0.48), observer SMD = -0.70 (-1.00, -0.40)] and anxiety [parental SMD = -0.96 (-1.46, -0.47), observer SMD = -0.91 (-1.40, -0.42)]. Subgroup analysis results showed that procedure type, patient age, measurement scales used, and distance of operation were not the reason of heterogeneity. The summarized first puncture attempt success rate did not differ from other interventions. There were no significant adverse events in the included studies. CONCLUSION The Buzzy device reduces pain and anxiety in children during needle procedures, ensuring success and safety. Additionally, the effectiveness of the Buzzy device in reducing pain during venipuncture is superior when compared to its effectiveness during intramuscular injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faguang Jin
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Maomao Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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194
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Ventres WB, Stone LA, South-Paul JE, Campbell KM, Petty AR, Ekanadham H, Stange KC, Etz RS, Miller WL, Ferrer RL, Kong M, Bodenheimer T, Strasser R, Reece SCM, Freeman J, Westfall JM. Storylines of family medicine XII: family medicine and the healthcare system. Fam Med Community Health 2024; 12:e002829. [PMID: 38609091 PMCID: PMC11029432 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2024-002829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine, as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'XII: Family medicine and the future of the healthcare system', authors address the following themes: 'Leadership in family medicine', 'Becoming an academic family physician', 'Advocare-our call to act', 'The paradox of primary care and three simple rules', 'The quadruple aim-melding the patient and the health system', 'Fit-for-purpose medical workforce', 'Universal healthcare-coverage for all', 'The futures of family medicine' and 'The 100th essay.' May readers of these essays feel empowered to be part of family medicine's exciting future.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Ventres
- Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Leslie A Stone
- Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Kendall M Campbell
- Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of Medicine, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Aerial R Petty
- Family Medicine Residency Program, New York-Presbyterian Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hima Ekanadham
- Center for Family and Community Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt C Stange
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca S Etz
- Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - William L Miller
- Family Medicine, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Robert L Ferrer
- Family and Community Medicine, UT Health San Antonio Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Marianna Kong
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas Bodenheimer
- Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Roger Strasser
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon C M Reece
- Family Medicine, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Freeman
- Family Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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195
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Hickling N, McCann CM, Tippett L, Cheung G. Exploring training, involvement and confidence: a study of healthcare professionals in decision-making capacity assessments. N Z Med J 2024; 137:31-44. [PMID: 38603785 DOI: 10.26635/6965.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM To explore the training, involvement and confidence of healthcare professionals involved in decision-making capacity (DMC) assessments, and to compare any differences between those conducting and those involved in, but not conducting DMC assessments. METHOD A 10-minute anonymous, online survey was conducted with both closed and open questions. A total of 78 participants completed the survey. RESULTS Training was lacking in quantity and adequacy. Only 14.1% received formal training during and post their qualification and only 38.5% reported the right amount of training. Just over 55% reported having the right amount of involvement, with 18% having too much and 27% having not enough involvement. A significantly higher response was given for having too much involvement by those conducting DMC assessments (p=0.006), while those not conducting felt they do not have enough involvement (p<0.001). Only 25.6% (n=20) were very confident in being able to explain DMC to a patient. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare professionals working in this area urgently require support in the form of formal training and defined roles. Given what can be at stake for an individual undergoing a DMC assessment, it is imperative that improvements are made to upskill the workforce and utilise expertise of all healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Hickling
- Doctorate of Clinical Psychology Student, School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M McCann
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lynette Tippett
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gary Cheung
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
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196
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Calear AL, Macleod E, Hoye AM, McCallum S, Morse A, Farrer LM, Batterham PJ. Pragmatic controlled trial of a school-based emotion literacy program for 8- to 10-year-old children: study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:275. [PMID: 38609882 PMCID: PMC11010293 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental disorders are common in childhood, but many young people do not receive adequate professional support. Help-seeking interventions may bridge this treatment gap, however, there is limited research on interventions for primary-school children. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an emotion literacy program at increasing literacy, reducing stigma, and promoting help-seeking in children aged 8-10 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A two-arm pragmatic cluster-controlled trial will compare Thriving Minds, an emotion literacy program for middle primary school children, to a wait-list control condition. Children aged 8-10 years will be recruited from approximately 12 schools (6 intervention schools/6 wait-list control) to participate in Thriving Minds via direct invitation by the program delivery service. Allocation to the intervention condition will be pragmatically, by school. Children will receive the intervention over two 50-minute sessions, across two weeks. Using story books and interactive discussion, the program aims to develop children's knowledge of their own and other's emotional experiences and emotion regulation strategies (self-care and help-seeking). The primary outcome is help-seeking intentions. Secondary outcomes include help-seeking knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours, emotion knowledge and attitudes, and stigma. Children will complete surveys at pre-intervention, post-intervention (one week after the program) and 12-week follow-up. Additional satisfaction data will be collected from teachers in intervention schools via surveys (post-intervention and 3-month follow-up) and semi-structured interviews (after follow-up), and selected children via focus groups (12-week follow-up). Analyses will compare changes in help-seeking intentions relative to the waitlist control condition using mixed-model repeated-measures analyses to account for clustering within schools. DISCUSSION With demonstrated effectiveness, this universal emotion literacy program for promoting help-seeking for mental health could be more widely delivered in Australian primary schools, providing a valuable new resource, contributing to the mental health of young people by improving help-seeking for early mental health difficulties. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12623000910606 Registered on 24 August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Emily Macleod
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Ashley M Hoye
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sonia McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alyssa Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Skelton E, Cromb D, Smith A, Harrison G, Rutherford M, Malamateniou C, Ayers S. The influence of antenatal imaging on prenatal bonding in uncomplicated pregnancies: a mixed methods analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:265. [PMID: 38605314 PMCID: PMC11007968 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal bonding describes the emotional connection expectant parents form to their unborn child. Research acknowledges the association between antenatal imaging and enhanced bonding, but the influencing factors are not well understood, particularly for fathers or when using advanced techniques like fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study aimed to identify variables which may predict increased bonding after imaging. METHODS First-time expectant parents (mothers = 58, fathers = 18) completed a two-part questionnaire (QualtricsXM™) about their expectations and experiences of ultrasound (n = 64) or fetal MRI (n = 12) scans in uncomplicated pregnancies. A modified version of the Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used to measure bonding. Qualitative data were collected through open-ended questions. Multivariate linear regression models were used to identify significant parent and imaging predictors for bonding. Qualitative content analysis of free-text responses was conducted to further understand the predictors' influences. RESULTS Bonding scores were significantly increased after imaging for mothers and fathers (p < 0.05). MRI-parents reported significantly higher bonding than ultrasound-parents (p = 0.02). In the first regression model of parent factors (adjusted R2 = 0.17, F = 2.88, p < 0.01), employment status (β = -0.38, p < 0.05) was a significant predictor for bonding post-imaging. The second model of imaging factors (adjusted R2 = 0.19, F = 3.85, p < 0.01) showed imaging modality (β = -0.53), imaging experience (β = 0.42) and parental excitement after the scan (β = 0.29) were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with increased bonding. Seventeen coded themes were generated from the qualitative content analysis, describing how scans offered reassurance about fetal wellbeing and the opportunity to connect with the baby through quality interactions with imaging professionals. A positive scan experience helped parents to feel excited about parenthood. Fetal MRI was considered a superior modality to ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS Antenatal imaging provides reassurance of fetal development which affirms parents' emotional investment in the pregnancy and supports the growing connection. Imaging professionals are uniquely positioned to provide parent-centred experiences which may enhance parental excitement and facilitate bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Skelton
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - Daniel Cromb
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Alison Smith
- Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Gill Harrison
- Society and College of Radiographers, London, SE1 2EW, UK
| | - Mary Rutherford
- Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Christina Malamateniou
- Division of Radiography and Midwifery, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Susan Ayers
- Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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198
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Rozovsky R, Bertocci M, Iyengar S, Stiffler RS, Bebko G, Skeba AS, Brady T, Aslam H, Phillips ML. Identifying tripartite relationship among cortical thickness, neuroticism, and mood and anxiety disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8449. [PMID: 38600283 PMCID: PMC11006921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of young adults seeking help for emotional distress, subsyndromal-syndromal mood/anxiety symptoms, including those associated with neuroticism, is rising and can be an early manifestation of mood/anxiety disorders. Identification of gray matter (GM) thickness alterations and their relationship with neuroticism and mood/anxiety symptoms can aid in earlier diagnosis and prevention of risk for future mood and anxiety disorders. In a transdiagnostic sample of young adults (n = 252;177 females; age 21.7 ± 2), Hypothesis (H) 1:regularized regression followed by multiple regression examined relationships among GM cortical thickness and clinician-rated depression, anxiety, and mania/hypomania; H2:the neuroticism factor and its subfactors as measured by NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) were tested as mediators. Analyses revealed positive relationships between left parsopercularis thickness and depression (B = 4.87, p = 0.002), anxiety (B = 4.68, p = 0.002), mania/hypomania (B = 6.08, p ≤ 0.001); negative relationships between left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) thickness and depression (B = - 5.64, p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (B = - 6.77, p ≤ 0.001), mania/hypomania (B = - 6.47, p ≤ 0.001); and positive relationships between left isthmus cingulate thickness (B = 2.84, p = 0.011), and anxiety. NEO anger/hostility mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and mania/hypomania; NEO vulnerability mediated the relationship between left ITG thickness and depression. Examining the interrelationships among cortical thickness, neuroticism and mood and anxiety symptoms enriches the potential for identifying markers conferring risk for mood and anxiety disorders and can provide targets for personalized intervention strategies for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Rozovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Michele Bertocci
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richelle S Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Genna Bebko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexander S Skeba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler Brady
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haris Aslam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mary L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Loeffler Building, 121 Meyran Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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199
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Wang D, Zhang D, Lou T, Zheng Q, Quek C. Cross-modal credibility modelling for EEG-based multimodal emotion recognition. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026040. [PMID: 38565099 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The study of emotion recognition through electroencephalography (EEG) has garnered significant attention recently. Integrating EEG with other peripheral physiological signals may greatly enhance performance in emotion recognition. Nonetheless, existing approaches still suffer from two predominant challenges: modality heterogeneity, stemming from the diverse mechanisms across modalities, and fusion credibility, which arises when one or multiple modalities fail to provide highly credible signals.Approach.In this paper, we introduce a novel multimodal physiological signal fusion model that incorporates both intra-inter modality reconstruction and sequential pattern consistency, thereby ensuring a computable and credible EEG-based multimodal emotion recognition. For the modality heterogeneity issue, we first implement a local self-attention transformer to obtain intra-modal features for each respective modality. Subsequently, we devise a pairwise cross-attention transformer to reveal the inter-modal correlations among different modalities, thereby rendering different modalities compatible and diminishing the heterogeneity concern. For the fusion credibility issue, we introduce the concept of sequential pattern consistency to measure whether different modalities evolve in a consistent way. Specifically, we propose to measure the varying trends of different modalities, and compute the inter-modality consistency scores to ascertain fusion credibility.Main results.We conduct extensive experiments on two benchmarked datasets (DEAP and MAHNOB-HCI) with the subject-dependent paradigm. For the DEAP dataset, our method improves the accuracy by 4.58%, and the F1 score by 0.63%, compared to the state-of-the-art baseline. Similarly, for the MAHNOB-HCI dataset, our method improves the accuracy by 3.97%, and the F1 score by 4.21%. In addition, we gain much insight into the proposed framework through significance test, ablation experiments, confusion matrices and hyperparameter analysis. Consequently, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed credibility modelling through statistical analysis and carefully designed experiments.Significance.All experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed architecture and indicate that credibility modelling is essential for multimodal emotion recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, MOEKLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, MOEKLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Dalin Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 K, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tianyu Lou
- School of Computer Science and Technology, MOEKLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zheng
- School of Computer Science and Technology, MOEKLINNS Lab, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chai Quek
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Volpe VV, Collins AN, Ross JM, Ellis KR, Lewis JA, Ladd BA, Fitzpatrick SL. Black Young Adult Superwomen in the Face of Gendered Racial Microaggressions: Contextualizing Challenges With Acceptance and Avoidance and Emotional Eating. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:305-313. [PMID: 38546737 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black young adult women (ages 18-35) are at disproportionate risk for obesity and emotional eating. Emotional eating interventions target psychological flexibility, such as reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance of food-related thoughts. Yet Black women face gendered racism, and some endorse roles that reduce psychological flexibility, such as the superwoman schema role. Culturally centered stress and coping has often been overlooked, leading to an incomplete understanding of processes that engender emotional eating and the implications for appropriate and effective interventions for Black young adult women. PURPOSE We investigated direct and indirect pathways of associations between stress from gendered racial microaggressions to emotional eating through the endorsement of superwoman schema and two aspects of psychological flexibility. METHODS Black young adult women (N = 504; Mage = 24.72; 75.2% African American; 98.4% cisgender) participated in an online survey wherein they reported demographics, stress from gendered racial microaggressions, superwoman schema, experiential avoidance, acceptance of food-related thoughts, and emotional eating. Path analysis was conducted to examine direct and indirect effects. RESULTS Results provided evidence for indirect associations between more stress from gendered racial microaggressions and more emotional eating. More stress was associated with greater endorsement of the superwoman schema which was associated with more experiential avoidance and less acceptance of food-related thoughts, which were each associated with more emotional eating. CONCLUSIONS Endorsement of superwoman schema and concomitant avoidance and less acceptance may be one way that gendered racial stress propels emotional eating. Future research could test intervention components that disrupt this path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa V Volpe
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Abbey N Collins
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Julia M Ross
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Katrina R Ellis
- Schools of Social Work and Public Health, Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jioni A Lewis
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Brianna A Ladd
- Department of Counseling, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie L Fitzpatrick
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research at Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra University/Northwell Health, Uniondale, NY, USA
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