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Abstract
Deficiency of the glycogen debranching enzyme (gene, AGL) causes glycogen storage disease type III (GSD-III), an autosomal recessive disease affecting glycogen metabolism. Most GSD-III patients have AGL deficiency in both the liver and muscle (type IIIa), but some have it in the liver but not muscle (type IIIb). Cloning of human AGL cDNAs and determination of the genomic structure and mRNA isoforms of AGL have allowed for the study of GSD-III at the molecular level. In turn, the resulting information has greatly facilitated our understanding of the molecular basis of this storage disease with remarkable clinical and enzymatic variability. In this review, we summarize all 31 GSD-III mutations in the literature and discuss their clinical and laboratory implications. Most of the mutations are nonsense mutations caused by a nucleotide substitution or small insertion or deletion; only one is caused by a missense amino acid change. Some important genotype-phenotype correlation have emerged, in particular, that exon 3 mutations (17delAG and Q6X) are specifically associated with GSD-IIIb. Three other mutations have appeared to have some phenotype correlation. Specifically, the splice mutation IVS32-12A>G was found in GSD-III patients having mild clinical symptoms, while the mutations 3965delT and 4529insA are associated with a severe phenotype and early onset of clinical manifestations. A molecular diagnostic scheme has been proposed to diagnose GSD-III noninvasively. The characterization of AGL mutations in GSD-III patients has also helped the structure-function analysis of this bifunctional enzyme important for glycogen metabolism.
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Chen YT, Mukherjee JJ, Lee CH, Au VSC, Tavintharan S. Comparing fasting plasma glucose against two-hour post-load glucose concentrations for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and glucose intolerance in Singaporean hospital patients. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2002; 31:189-94. [PMID: 11957556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies have assessed the impact of the 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendation, of using fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration, to diagnose diabetes mellitus in population-based cohorts. However, data concerning the impact of this recommendation in the hospital setting are limited. As the performance characteristics of diagnostic tests vary depending on the prevalence of diabetes in the population studied, we have examined the clinical impact of adopting the ADA recommendations in comparison to the traditional 2-hour post-load glucose (2HPG) concentration used by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in diagnosing diabetes and other categories of glucose intolerance in Singaporean hospital patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed the results of the standard 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed on 625 patients in our hospital from 1994 to 1999. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes amongst these 625 patients was 36.8% (230) based on the ADA recommendation of using FPG, 42.8% (263) on using the 2HPG and 52.0% (325) on using the full 1998 WHO criteria. The degree of agreement (kappa) in establishing the diagnosis of diabetes between the FPG and 2HPG cut-offs was 0.48. Ninety-five (15.2%) individuals had diabetes based on the 2HPG alone, 62 (9.9%) based on the FPG alone and 168 (26.9%) based on both the FPG and 2HPG. Eighty-six (13.8%) individuals had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 123 (19.7%) had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The kappa-value between IFG and IGT was 0.08. CONCLUSION Fasting plasma glucose concentration was an inadequate parameter in diagnosing diabetes and intermediate categories of glucose intolerance in our cohort of subjects. Our findings suggest that the OGTT remains an important diagnostic tool for classifying glucose tolerance in our hospital patients.
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Yang SS, Chen SC, Hsieh CH, Chen YT. Reoperative Snodgrass procedure. J Urol 2001; 166:2342-5. [PMID: 11696781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examine the results of a reoperative Snodgrass procedure for complex hypospadias. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 25 patients with hypospadias in whom repair had failed underwent a reoperative Snodgrass procedure. Mean patient age and number of prior repairs were 11.4 years and 2.5, respectively. Before this treatment the meatus was at the distal shaft in 10 cases, mid shaft in 9, proximal shaft in 4 and penoscrotal junction in 2. Preoperatively the associated complications were fistulas in 13 patients, residual chordee in 12 and diverticulum in 1. In 8 cases the fistula was incorporated into the hypospadiac opening and treated as a longer defect. The urethral plates were, subjectively, surgically altered or unaltered in 7 and 18 patients, respectively. In 8 patients (group A) the previous repair(s) did not involve dissection of the urethral plate (unaltered) nor was there a fistula. The remaining 17 patients were classified as group B. The neourethra was then reconstructed as the Snodgrass technique. Followup urethral calibration was performed in 17 patients. RESULTS Mean followup period was 13.7 months. Mean length and size of neourethra were 19.9 mm. and 14Fr, respectively. There were 7 (28%) postoperative fistulas of the neourethra. The incidences of postoperative fistula of the neourethra were 0% and 41.2% in groups A and B, respectively (p <0.01). Statistically the surgically altered urethral plate and the presence of a preoperative fistula were 2 independent factors predicting a higher postoperative fistula rate. The overall postoperative meatal stenosis rate was 13 (52%) with 3 (37.5%) in group A and 10 (58.8%) in group B, respectively (p >0.05). The meatal stenosis was treated with simple dilation in 11 cases and meatoplasty during subsequent fistula repair in 2. Stricture at the anastomostic site between the normal urethra and neourethra was noted in 2 patients. Fistula repair was successfully performed 6 months later in 4 patients. CONCLUSIONS The Snodgrass procedure is a viable option for the treatment of previously failed hypospadias repair. It was highly effective in patients with a surgically unaltered urethral plate and no preoperative fistula.
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Sheu WH, Lee WJ, Lin LY, Chang RL, Chen YT. Tumor necrosis factor alpha -238 and -308 polymorphisms do not associate with insulin resistance in hypertensive subjects. Metabolism 2001; 50:1447-51. [PMID: 11735091 DOI: 10.1053/meta.2001.27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that, as a group, patients with essential hypertension are characterized by insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown that a biallelic polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha promoter position -308 and -238 might be involved in the insulin resistance state in diabetic and/or nondiabetic subjects. We determined these polymorphisms in 235 nondiabetic hypertensive subjects and 246 unrelated normotensive controls. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipoprotein, leptin, and TNFalpha concentrations were measured, in addition to plasma glucose and insulin responses to a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin sensitivity was also determined by an insulin suppression test in 69 hypertensive and 76 normotensive individuals. The results showed no association of these genotypic distributions between hypertensive and normotensive individuals both at -308 (GG, GA, and AA were 80.9%, 17.9%, and 1.3% in hypertensives, 84.2%, 15.4%, and 0.4% in normotensives, chi(2) = 1.68, P =.432) and at -238 (GG, GA, and AA were 98.3%, 1.7%, and 0% in hypertensives, 96.7%, 3.3%, and 0% in normotensives, chi(2) = 1.19, P =.276) sites. These results did not change even after adjustment for values of age and body mass index (BMI). Anthropometric measurements, fasting plasma glucose, insulin, lipoprotein concentrations, glucose, and insulin responses to OGTT, TNFalpha, and leptin concentrations were similar between the genotype at the -308 site both in hypertensive and normotensive groups. Insulin sensitivity, either measured by an insulin suppression test or homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index, did not differ between the genotype at the -308 site in subjects with hypertension or normotension. Fasting plasma TNFalpha (10.2 alpha 0.5 pg/mL v 10.1 +/- 0.5 pg/mL, P =.928) concentrations did not differ between hypertensive and normotensive subjects even after adjustment for body fat and BMI values. We conclude that TNFalpha promoter gene polymorphisms at position -238 and -308 do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in Chinese subjects with or without hypertension.
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Ling LJ, Hung SL, Tseng SC, Chen YT, Chi LY, Wu KM, Lai YL. Association between betel quid chewing, periodontal status and periodontal pathogens. ORAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2001; 16:364-9. [PMID: 11737660 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-302x.2001.160608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation examined whether an association exists between betel quid chewing and signs of periodontal disease and determined the prevalence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by polymerase chain reaction. The periodontal status of 34 betel quid chewers and 32 non-betel quid chewers were compared. A significantly higher prevalence of bleeding on probing was found in betel quid chewers than non-chewers among the subjects with higher plaque level, greater gingival inflammation, deeper probing depth or greater attachment loss. Also, the results suggested that betel quid chewers may harbor higher levels of infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis than non-betel quid chewers. The association persists after adjusting for severity of the clinical parameters. In conclusion, betel quid chewing was associated with a higher prevalence of bleeding on probing where higher clinical levels of disease existed, and with a likelihood of subgingival infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis.
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Wang ZM, Lin HK, Zhou ZF, Xu M, Liu TF, Zhu SR, Chen YT. Copper(II) complexes with N,N'-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dimethanamine: synthesis, characterization, DNA-binding thermodynamical and kinetic studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2001; 9:2849-55. [PMID: 11597465 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Copper(II) complexes (Cu-L, L=N,N'-dialkyl-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dimethanamine) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and conductance measurement. The interaction of the copper(II) complex with calf thymus DNA was studied by means of UV melting experiments, fluorescence spectra and circular dichroic spectra. Using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe, the binding mode of the complexes Cu-L with calf-thymus DNA was studied spectroscopically. The results indicate that the complexes Cu-L perhaps interact with calf-thymus DNA by both intercalative and covalent binding. Kinetics of binding of the cupric complexes to DNA was studied for the first time using ethidium bromide as a fluorescence probe with stopped-flow spectrophotometer under pseudo-first-order condition. The stronger binding of two steps in the process of the complexes Cu-L interacting with DNA was observed, and the probable interaction process was discussed in detail. The corresponding k(obs) and E(a) of binding to DNA (where k(obs) is the observed pseudo-first-order rate constant, E(a) is the observed energy of activation) were obtained.
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82
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Jungbluth AA, Antonescu CR, Busam KJ, Iversen K, Kolb D, Coplan K, Chen YT, Stockert E, Ladanyi M, Old LJ. Monophasic and biphasic synovial sarcomas abundantly express cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 but not MAGE-A1 or CT7. Int J Cancer 2001; 94:252-6. [PMID: 11668506 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcomas are high-grade malignant mesenchymal tumors with biphasic (BSS) and monophasic (MSS) variants that carry a pathognomonic cytogenetic alteration, t(X;18), involving the SYT gene on chromosome 18 and one of several SSX genes on chromosome X, usually SSX1 or SSX2. Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are expressed in a variety of malignant neoplasms but, in normal tissues, are restricted to male germ cells. Previous analysis revealed a high incidence and homogeneous expression of MAGE CT antigen in synovial sarcomas. The present study was performed to analyze the expression of 3 CT antigens, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A1 and CT7, by immunohistochemistry with 3 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), ES121 (anti-NY-ESO-1), MA454 (anti-MAGE-A1) and CT7-33 (anti-CT7), in 25 synovial sarcomas (12 MSS, 13 BSS) typed for the t(X;18)-derived fusion transcript by RT-PCR (19 SYT-SSX1, 6 SYT-SSX2). NY-ESO-1 immunoreactivity was found in 20/25 (80%) cases, and antigen expression was homogeneous in 14/20 NY-ESO-1-positive cases. Both morphologic variants and both translocation types were NY-ESO-1-positive, whereas 5 SYT-SSX1 tumors (1 MSS, 4 BSS) were NY-ESO-1-negative. MAb MA454 was immunoreactive with 4/25 cases (2 MSS, 2 BSS; 3 SYT-SSX1, 1 SYT-SSX2), and MAb CT7-33 was immunoreactive with only 2/25 cases (both BSS, SYT-SSX1). Expression of MAGE-A1 and CT7 was heterogeneous in all positive cases. Our study shows that NY-ESO-1 is highly expressed in a homogeneous pattern in synovial sarcomas of both morphologic variants and both translocation types, making these tumors an attractive target for NY-ESO-1 antigen-based immunotherapy.
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Krumholz HM, Chen J, Chen YT, Wang Y, Radford MJ. Predicting one-year mortality among elderly survivors of hospitalization for an acute myocardial infarction: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 38:453-9. [PMID: 11499737 DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01395-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a model based on information available from the medical record that would accurately stratify elderly patients who survive hospitalization with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to their risk of one-year mortality. BACKGROUND Prediction of the risk of mortality among older survivors of an AMI has many uses, yet few studies have determined the prognostic importance of demographic, clinical and functional data that are available on discharge in a population-based sample. METHODS In a cohort of patients aged > or = 65 years who survived hospitalization for a confirmed AMI from 1994 to 1995 at acute care, nongovernmental hospitals in the U.S., we developed a parsimonious model to stratify patients by their risk of one-year mortality. RESULTS The study sample of 103,164 patients, with a mean age of 76.8 years, had a one-year mortality of 22%. The factors with the strongest association with mortality were older age, urinary incontinence, assisted mobility, presence of heart failure or cardiomegaly any time before discharge, presence of peripheral vascular disease, body mass index <20 kg/m2, renal dysfunction (defined as creatinine >2.5 mg/dl or blood urea nitrogen >40 mg/dl) and left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction <40%). On the basis of the coefficients in the model, patients were stratified into risk groups ranging from 7% to 49%. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a simple risk model can stratify older patients well by their risk of death one year after discharge for AMI.
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Sheu WH, Chen YT, Lee WJ. Improvement in endothelial dysfunction with LDL cholesterol level < 80 mg/dl in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:1499-501. [PMID: 11473096 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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85
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Chen YT, Onaran MB, Doss CJ, Seto CT. alpha-Ketocarboxylic acid-based inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:1935-8. [PMID: 11459664 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of aryl alpha-ketocarboxylic acids was synthesized and investigated as inhibitors for the protein tyrosine phosphatase from Yersinia enterocolitica. IC(50) values for these compounds range from 79 to 2700 microM. Larger aromatic groups, and aromatic groups with high electron density, lead to more potent inhibitors. In general, the related aryl alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids show lower activity.
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86
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Hsueh CW, Lee WL, Chen YT, Ting CT. The incidence of coronary artery disease in patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias. JAPANESE HEART JOURNAL 2001; 42:417-23. [PMID: 11693278 DOI: 10.1536/jhj.42.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Symptomatic bradyarrhythmia occurs most often in aged patients. Most of these patients have multiple coronary risk factors and present with angina-like symptoms. The coexistence of CAD not only has major effects on their prognosis but also influences the long-term care. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of coexistent CAD in patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias and its relationship to conventional coronary risk factors in Chinese people. From May 1996 to April 1998, we prospectively studied all consecutive patients admitted to our institution for symptomatic bradyarrhythmias requiring permanent pacemaker implantation. Coronary angiographies were performed non-selectively at the same session of pacemaker implantation. Based on the presence or absence of CAD, patients were divided into two groups for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of CAD including sex, age, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking. The odds-ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined. A total of 113 patients [68 males and 45 females, mean age 70.4+/-8.2 years old (range 45-86)] were included in our study. The diagnosis was sick sinus syndrome in 69 patients (61%) and atrioventricular block in 44 patients (39%). The incidence of CAD based on coronary angiography was 20%. The nodal-related artery was seldom involved among patients with coexistent CAD and symptomatic bradyarrhythmias (9%), and most patients had significant stenosis over LAD (74%). The baseline characteristics and presenting symptoms were not different statistically between patients with or without CAD. Hypercholesterolemia (OR 6.6, 95% CI 2.0-22.2, p=0.002) and DM (OR 4.7, 95% CI 1.3-17.2, p=0.020) were the two most significant independent predictors of CAD. In our patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias requiring permanent cardiac pacing, the incidence of CAD was 20% as determined by coronary angiography (CAG). Hypercholesterolemia and DM were the two most significant independent predictors for CAD in these patients. The nodal artery was seldom involved in patients with coexistent CAD and symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.
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Chen YL, Lin KF, Shiao MS, Chen YT, Hong CY, Lin SJ. Magnolol, a potent antioxidant from Magnolia officinalis, attenuates intimal thickening and MCP-1 expression after balloon injury of the aorta in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Basic Res Cardiol 2001; 96:353-63. [PMID: 11518191 DOI: 10.1007/s003950170043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Restenosis is a common complication after balloon angioplasty. A number of cytokines, chemotactic factors and growth factors may be involved. Several antioxidants have been shown to inhibit intimal thickening after balloon injury in hyperlipidemic animals. OBJECTIVES The effects of magnolol on the expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and intimal response in balloon injured aorta of cholesterol-fed rabbits were investigated. METHODS Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed a 2% high cholesterol (HC) diet together with daily intramuscular injection of either 1 microg/kg B.W. of magnolol (HC-M, n = 10) or vehicle (propylene glycol) as a control (HC-C, n = 10) for a total of 6 weeks. Another 10 rabbits fed a regular diet also served as a control (C) group. A balloon denudation of abdominal aorta was performed in each group at the end of the third week. The aortas were harvested at the end of 6 weeks. RESULTS Magnolol treatment significantly inhibited Cu2+-induced LDL oxidation in cholesterol-fed rabbits and reduced atheroma formation [atheroma area ratio: 0.10 +/- 0.03 (HC-M) versus 0.33 +/- 0.07 (HC-C), p < 0.05] in thoracic aortas without lowering serum cholesterol. The intimal response was significantly attenuated in the HC-M rabbits when compared to those of the HC-C group [intimal thickness: 88.95 +/- 14.91 microm (HC-M) versus 198.02 +/- 20.35 microm (HC-C), p < 0.05; intimal area: 278.21 +/- 43.16 x 10(3) microm2 (HC-M) versus 642.70 +/- 65.01 x 10(3) microm2 (HC-C), p < 0.05]. The MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression were reduced in the HC-M group compared to the HC-C and C groups. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects on intimal hyperplasia and MCP-1 expression might be attributed to the antioxidant capacity of magnolol instead of lowering serum cholesterol. Magnolol may offer some protection against postangioplasty restenosis.
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Jungbluth AA, Chen YT, Stockert E, Busam KJ, Kolb D, Iversen K, Coplan K, Williamson B, Altorki N, Old LJ. Immunohistochemical analysis of NY-ESO-1 antigen expression in normal and malignant human tissues. Int J Cancer 2001; 92:856-60. [PMID: 11351307 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1, a member of the CT (cancer/testis) family of antigens, is expressed in normal testis and in a range of human tumor types. Knowledge of NY-ESO-1 expression has depended on RT-PCR detection of mRNA and there is a need for detecting NY-ESO-1 at the protein level. In the present study, a method for the immunochemical detection of NY-ESO-1 in paraffin-embedded tissues has been developed and used to define the expression pattern of NY-ESO-1 in normal tissues and in a panel of human tumors. No normal tissue other than testis showed NY-ESO-1 reactivity, and expression in testis was restricted to germ cells particularly spermatogonia. In human tumors, the frequency of NY-ESO-1 antigen expression corresponds with past analysis of NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression e.g., 20-30% of lung cancers, bladder cancers and melanoma, and no expression in colon and renal cancer. Co-typing of NY-ESO-1 antigen and mRNA expression in a large panel of lung cancers showed a good correlation. There is great variability in NY-ESO-1 expression in individual tumors, ranging from an infrequent homogeneous pattern of staining to highly heterogeneous antigen expression.
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Kurashige T, Noguchi Y, Saika T, Ono T, Nagata Y, Jungbluth A, Ritter G, Chen YT, Stockert E, Tsushima T, Kumon H, Old LJ, Nakayama E. Ny-ESO-1 expression and immunogenicity associated with transitional cell carcinoma: correlation with tumor grade. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4671-4. [PMID: 11406534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
NY-ESO-1 mRNA expression in transitional cell carcinoma was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. NY-ESO-1 mRNA was detected in 20 of 62 (32%) tumor specimens. There was a correlation between NY-ESO-1 expression and tumor grade: 0 of 4 (0%) grade 1 (G1), 6 of 26 (23%) grade 2 (G2), and 14 of 32 (44%) grade 3 (G3) tumors were NY-ESO-1 mRNA positive. Immunohistochemical analysis using NY-ESO-1-specific monoclonal antibody ES121 showed that 2 of 14 NY-ESO-1 mRNA-expressing G3 tumors were positive for NY-ESO-1. No NY-ESO-1 staining was observed in the panel of 30 G1 or G2 tumor specimens, including 6 NY-ESO-1 mRNA-positive cases. Sera from an expanded panel of 124 patients with transitional cell carcinoma were tested for the presence of NY-ESO-1 antibody. Seropositivity was observed in 9 of 72 (12.5%) patients with G3 tumors, whereas none of 52 patients with G1 or G2 tumors produced antibody against NY-ESO-1. In the 9 positive patients with NY-ESO-1 antibody, 4 had muscular invasive tumors, and 5 had carcinoma in situ.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/blood
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/immunology
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins
- Middle Aged
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proteins/genetics
- Proteins/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Ureteral Neoplasms/genetics
- Ureteral Neoplasms/immunology
- Ureteral Neoplasms/pathology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
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Meng M, Lin HY, Hsieh CJ, Chen YT. Functions of the conserved anionic amino acids and those interacting with the substrate phosphate group of phosphoglucose isomerase. FEBS Lett 2001; 499:11-4. [PMID: 11418102 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglucose isomerase catalyzes the isomerization between glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate in cytoplasm, and functions as autocrine motility factor and neuroleukin outside the cells. A phosphoglucose isomerase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (pgiA) was subjected to mutagenesis study to address the catalytic function of the conserved anionic residues and those probably interacting with the phosphate group of substrates. The results suggest that Glu290 works concertedly with His311 as a general acid-base pair to initiate the isomerization step, and Glu150 assists the base function of His311. The conserved loop structure consisting of Gly205-Gly206-Arg207 plays a critical role for the recognition of substrates.
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91
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Smith WE, Kahler SG, Frush DP, Milov DE, Gottfried MR, Chen YT. Hepatic storage of glycogen in Niemann-Pick disease type B. J Pediatr 2001; 138:946-8. [PMID: 11391349 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2001.113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report 2 patients with confirmed Niemann-Pick disease, type B, with previous diagnoses of glycogen storage disease based on excessive glycogen on liver biopsy specimens. These cases emphasize the importance of a complete evaluation, including biochemical confirmation, for patients with suspected metabolic storage diseases.
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Ding EY, Hodges BL, Hu H, McVie-Wylie AJ, Serra D, Migone FK, Pressley D, Chen YT, Amalfitano A. Long-term efficacy after [E1-, polymerase-] adenovirus-mediated transfer of human acid-alpha-glucosidase gene into glycogen storage disease type II knockout mice. Hum Gene Ther 2001; 12:955-65. [PMID: 11387060 DOI: 10.1089/104303401750195917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type II (GSD-II) is a lethal, autosomal recessive metabolic myopathy caused by a lack of acid-alpha-glucosidase (GAA) activity in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. Absence of adequate intralysosomal GAA activity results in massive amounts of glycogen accumulation in multiple muscle groups, resulting in morbidity and mortality secondary to respiratory embarrassment and/or cardiomyopathy. In a mouse model of GSD-II, we demonstrate that infection of the murine liver with a modified adenovirus (Ad) vector encoding human GAA (hGAA) resulted in long-term persistence of the vector in liver tissues for at least 6 months. Despite both a rapid shutdown of hGAA mRNA expression from the vector, as well as the elicitation of anti-hGAA antibody responses (hGAA is a foreign antigen in this model), the hGAA secreted by the liver was taken up by all muscle groups analyzed and, remarkably, persisted in them for at least 6 months. The persistence of the protein also correlated with long-term correction of pathologic intramuscular glycogen accumulations in all muscle groups tested, but most notably the cardiac tissues, which demonstrated a significantly decreased glycogen content for at least 190 days after a single vector injection. The results suggest that gene therapy strategies may have the potential to significantly improve the clinical course for GSD-II patients.
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Santer R, Kinner M, Steuerwald U, Kjaergaard S, Skovby F, Simonsen H, Shaiu WL, Chen YT, Schneppenheim R, Schaub J. Molecular genetic basis and prevalence of glycogen storage disease type IIIA in the Faroe Islands. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9:388-91. [PMID: 11378828 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2000] [Revised: 01/02/2001] [Accepted: 01/11/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type IIIA (GSD IIIA) is caused by mutations of the amyloglucosidase gene (AGL). For most populations, none of the AGL mutations described to date is particularly frequent. In this paper, we report that six children with GSD IIIA from the Faroe Islands were found to be homozygous for the novel nonsense mutation c.1222C>T (R408X) of the AGL gene. This mutation is easily detected by restriction enzyme digest with NsiI after mismatch PCR. Investigating five intragenic polymorphisms, we could show that this mutation was always associated with the same haplotype. The c.1222C>T mutation could be detected on two chromosomes of another 50 unselected GSD IIIA patients of other European or North American origin which means that this mutation plays a minor role worldwide. From the fact that we are currently aware of a total of 14 GSD IIIA cases in the Faroese population of 45 000, the observed prevalence is 1 : 3100. While the novel AGL mutation c.1222C>T was not detectable among 198 German newborns, nine out of 272 children from the Faroese neonatal screening program were found to be heterozygous for this mutation. Thus, the calculated prevalence is 1 : 3600 (95% CI 1:700-1:6400). We conclude that due to a founder effect, the Faroe Islands have the highest prevalence of GSD IIIA world-wide. The detection of the molecular defect has facilitated the diagnosis and has offered the opportunity for prenatal diagnosis in this patient group.
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94
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Tseng SH, Chen YT, Cheng HC, Huang FC, Lee SC, Chen FK. Impression cytology study of conjunctival epithelial phenotypes on the healing ocular surface after pterygium excision. Cornea 2001; 20:244-50. [PMID: 11322410 DOI: 10.1097/00003226-200104000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the process of conjunctival epithelial regeneration after three types of pterygium excision procedures. METHODS Thirty-eight patients (45 eyes) with primary pterygium were randomly assigned to a bare-sclera procedure (group 1, 15 eyes of 12 patients), bare-sclera with intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC 0.02% for 30 seconds; group 2, 15 eyes of 14 patients), or pterygium excision with conjunctival autografting (group 3, 15 eyes of 12 patients). Controls were healthy fellow eyes and seven eyes of age- and sex-matched subjects. Impression cytology was performed preoperatively, at 1 and 2 weeks, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The nucleus-to-cytoplasm (N/C) ratio of nongoblet epithelial cells and goblet cell density (GCD) in the pterygial area were calculated and compared over time across treatment groups. RESULTS Pterygium excision wounds healed in a similar four-stage process in all groups, but at different rates and with different final results. The N/C ratio was highest at about 1 month postoperatively in groups 1 and 2 and at 2 weeks in group 3, before gradually returning to control levels. Preoperatively, the GCD in treated eyes was almost twice that in control eyes (p = 0.001) but fell to zero immediately postoperatively. Goblet cells first appeared (with the most rapidly increased density) in group 3, followed by group 1. At 12 months, the mean GCD in groups 1 and 3 were not significantly different from those in controls, whereas the mean GCD in group 2 was still less than that of control (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Healing of conjunctiva is delayed by MMC and is promoted by autografting. Even 1 year after surgery, the ocular surface remains abnormal with respect to epithelial phenotypes in eyes treated by any of the three techniques.
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95
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Liu WZ, Ma LY, Li C, Chen YT, Xie JL. [Structural elucidation of a new perylenequinone]. YAO XUE XUE BAO = ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA 2001; 36:313-4. [PMID: 12580065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the chemical constituents from the mycelia of Hypomyces sp. METHODS Silica gel column chromatography was employed for the isolation and purification. The structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION A new perylenequinone, named hypomycin B 1, was isolated from the mycelia of Hypomyces sp.
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96
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Chen WC, Chen HY, Wu JY, Chen YT, Tsai FJ. Osteocalcin gene Hind III polymorphism is not correlated with calcium oxalate stone disease. UROLOGICAL RESEARCH 2001; 29:98-101. [PMID: 11396736 DOI: 10.1007/s002400100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The formation of urinary stones is presumed to be associated with polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene. The most frequently seen polymorphism is the Hind III type located at the promoter region. This polymorphism has been used as a genetic marker in the search for a correlation between urolithiasis and normal subjects. In our study, a normal control group of 105 healthy people and 102 patients with calcium oxalate stones were examined. The polymorphism was seen following polymerase chain reaction-based restriction analysis. The results revealed no significant differences between normal individuals and stone patients (P = 0.978), and distribution of the TT homozygote in the control group (42.9%) was similar to that in the patient group (42.2%). Further categorization of the stone patients into normocalciuric and hypercalciuric groups also revealed no statistical differences from controls. We conclude that Hind III polymorphism of the osteocalcin gene is not a suitable genetic marker of urinary stone disease. Further searches for other polymorphisms on this gene correlated with stone disease are suggested.
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97
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Scanlan MJ, Gout I, Gordon CM, Williamson B, Stockert E, Gure AO, Jäger D, Chen YT, Mackay A, O'Hare MJ, Old LJ. Humoral immunity to human breast cancer: antigen definition and quantitative analysis of mRNA expression. CANCER IMMUNITY 2001; 1:4. [PMID: 12747765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2001] [Accepted: 02/19/2001] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability of the immune system to recognize structurally altered, amplified or aberrantly expressed proteins can be used to identify molecules of etiologic relevance to cancer and to define targets for cancer immunotherapy. In the current study, ninety-four distinct antigens reactive with serum IgG from breast cancer patients were identified by immunoscreening breast cancer-derived cDNA expression libraries (SEREX). A serological profile was generated for each antigen on the basis of reactivity with allogeneic sera from normal individuals and cancer patients, and mRNA expression profiles for coding sequences were assembled based upon the tissue distribution of expressed sequence tags, Northern blots and real-time RT-PCR. Forty antigens reacted exclusively with sera from cancer patients. These included well-characterized tumor antigens, e.g. MAGE-3, MAGE-6, NY-ESO-1, Her2neu and p53, as well as newly-defined breast cancer antigens, e.g. kinesin 2, TATA element modulatory factor 1, tumor protein D52 and MAGE D, and novel gene products, e.g. NY-BR-62, NY-BR-75, NY-BR-85, and NY-BR-96. With regard to expression profiles, two of the novel gene products, NY-BR-62 and NY-BR-85, were characterized by a high level of testicular mRNA expression, and were overexpressed in 60% and 90% of breast cancers, respectively. In addition, mRNA encoding tumor protein D52 was overexpressed in 60% of breast cancer specimens, while transcripts encoding SNT-1 signal adaptor protein were downregulated in 70% of these cases. This study adds to the growing list of breast cancer antigens defined by SEREX and to the ultimate objective of identifying the complete repertoire of immunogenic gene products in human cancer (the cancer immunome).
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98
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Sun YF, Tang FM, Ding YM, Chen YT, Zhang GY, Jin GZ. Effect of dopamine depletion on DARPP-32 protein in ischemic rat striatum. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:243-8. [PMID: 11742571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of dopamine depletion on the phosphorylation level, intracellular distribution, and mRNA expression of DARPP-32 in the ischemic striatum and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ischemic injury. METHODS A complex model of SN lesioning with 6-OHDA to deplete dopamine and four vessels occlusion for inducing forebrain ischemia was constructed in rats. DARPP-32 was investigated with autoradiogram, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. RESULTS The [32P]phosphate incorporation of DARPP-32 was reduced in vitro following ischemia. However, the [32P]phosphate incorporation, the numbers of positive neurons, and mRNA expression of DARPP-32 were increased in SN lesioning plus ischemic rats with denervated striatum. CONCLUSION Dopamine depletion reduced the DARPP-32 phosphorylation in vivo following ischemia, and protected DARPP-32 immunoreactivity and mRNA expression level against the reduction induced by ischemia.
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99
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Chen YT, Wang Y, Radford MJ, Krumholz HM. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure. Am Heart J 2001; 141:410-7. [PMID: 11231438 DOI: 10.1067/mhj.2001.113227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to describe the dosages of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescribed to elderly patients with heart failure at hospital discharge, the factors associated with dosing level, and the association of these dosages with 1-year outcomes. METHODS Demographic, procedural, and medication data were collected retrospectively from medical records at 18 Connecticut hospitals. Information on mortality and readmission was obtained from the Health Care Financing Administration administrative databases. Dosages of ACE inhibitor were grouped into 3 categories: dosages recommended in practice guidelines or higher (target dose), dosages used in clinical trials but lower than guideline recommendations (subtarget dose), and dosages lower than those used in clinical trials (low dose). RESULTS A total of 554 patients, 65 years old or less with confirmed heart failure and systolic dysfunction, were prescribed an ACE inhibitor at discharge. Target, subtarget, and low doses were given in 19%, 63%, and 18% of the patients, respectively. Few demographic or clinical factors were related to lower dosages. Both subtarget and target doses of ACE inhibitors were associated with a significantly lower adjusted 1-year mortality (relative risk 0.67, P =.04; relative risk 0.51, P =.02, respectively) compared with low doses of ACE inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In a representative elderly cohort of patients with heart failure with systolic dysfunction, the majority (82%) were discharged on doses of ACE inhibitors consistent with those used in clinical trials. We observed a dose-response relationship between higher doses and lower mortality. Future studies will need to determine whether this association is causal.
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100
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Yu HI, Sheu WH, Lai CJ, Lee WJ, Chen YT. Endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects with peripheral artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2001; 78:19-25. [PMID: 11259809 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-5273(00)00423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We strived to characterize the endothelial function status in type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease which was detected by ankle-brachial index by utilizing high frequency ultrasounds. Predictors of endothelial dysfunction were investigated. We chose 23 type 2 diabetic patients had ankle-brachial index <0.97 (0.15-0.95; mean=0.74+/-0.20), 31 diabetic patients had ankle-brachial index >/=1.0 and 28 non-diabetic subjects for study. Older age, a longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, higher prevalence of history of hypertension were observed in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Type 2 diabetic patients showed impaired flow-mediated dilatation than non-diabetic and it showed more impaired in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Nitroglyerin-induced dilatation showed a trend of impairment in patients with peripheral vascular disease but did not reach statistical significance. Age (r=-0.259, P=0.019), baseline brachial artery diameter (r=-0.321, P=0.003), ankle-brachial index (r=0.259, P=0.002) and hypertension history (P=0.01) were significantly associated with flow-mediated dilatation. However, after adjusting for age, only baseline diameter and ankle-brachial index were independent predictors of flow-mediated dilatation. In conclusion, we demonstrated flow-mediated dilatation was impaired in type 2 diabetic patients and it was further impaired in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Nitroglycerin-induced dilatation showed a trend of impairment but did not reach statistical significance.
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