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Bentley-Abbot C, Heslop R, Pirillo C, Chandrasegaran P, McConnell G, Roberts E, Hutchinson E, MacLeod A. An easy to use tool for the analysis of subcellular mRNA transcript colocalisation in smFISH data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8348. [PMID: 38594373 PMCID: PMC11004122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58641-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescence in situ hybridisation (smFISH) has become a valuable tool to investigate the mRNA expression of single cells. However, it requires a considerable amount of programming expertise to use currently available open-source analytical software packages to extract and analyse quantitative data about transcript expression. Here, we present FISHtoFigure, a new software tool developed specifically for the analysis of mRNA abundance and co-expression in QuPath-quantified, multi-labelled smFISH data. FISHtoFigure facilitates the automated spatial analysis of transcripts of interest, allowing users to analyse populations of cells positive for specific combinations of mRNA targets without the need for computational image analysis expertise. As a proof of concept and to demonstrate the capabilities of this new research tool, we have validated FISHtoFigure in multiple biological systems. We used FISHtoFigure to identify an upregulation in the expression of Cd4 by T-cells in the spleens of mice infected with influenza A virus, before analysing more complex data showing crosstalk between microglia and regulatory B-cells in the brains of mice infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. These analyses demonstrate the ease of analysing cell expression profiles using FISHtoFigure and the value of this new tool in the field of smFISH data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Bentley-Abbot
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Rhiannon Heslop
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Praveena Chandrasegaran
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gail McConnell
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ed Roberts
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edward Hutchinson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Annette MacLeod
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology (WCIP), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health, Veterinary Medicine (SBOHVM), College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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202
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Flores-Flores O, Zevallos-Morales A, Pollard SL, Checkley W, Siddharthan T, Hurst JR, Bernabé-Ortiz A, Runzer-Colmenares FM, Witham MD, Parodi JF. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity among community-dwelling Peruvian adults: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300224. [PMID: 38593158 PMCID: PMC11003669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) have emerged as significant contributors to negative health outcomes in the past decade. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of probable sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and SO in a community-dwelling population of 1151 adults aged ≥55 years in Lima, Peru. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2018 and 2020. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low muscle strength (LMS) and low muscle mass (LMM) according to European (EWGSOP2), US (FNIH) and Asian (AWGS2) guidelines. We measured muscle strength by maximum handgrip strength and muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analyzer. SO was defined as a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 and sarcopenia. RESULTS The study participants had a mean age of 66.2 years (SD 7.1), age range between 60 to 92 years old, of which 621 (53.9%) were men. Among the sample, 41.7% were classified as obese (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m²). The prevalence of probable sarcopenia was estimated to be 22.7% (95%CI: 20.3-25.1) using the EWGSOP2 criteria and 27.8% (95%CI: 25.2-30.4) using the AWGS2 criteria. Sarcopenia prevalence, assessed using skeletal muscle index (SMI), was 5.7% (95%CI: 4.4-7.1) according to EWGSOP2 and 8.3% (95%CI: 6.7-9.9) using AWGS2 criteria. The prevalence of sarcopenia based on the FNIH criteria was 18.1% (95%CI: 15.8-20.3). The prevalence of SO, considering different sarcopenia definitions, ranged from 0.8% (95%CI: 0.3-1.3) to 5.0% (95%CI: 3.8-6.3). CONCLUSION Our findings reveal substantial variation in the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO, underscoring the necessity for context-specific cut-off values. Although the prevalence of SO was relatively low, this result may be underestimated. Furthermore, the consistently high proportion of probable sarcopenia and sarcopenia point to a substantial public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Flores-Flores
- Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | - Alejandro Zevallos-Morales
- Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru
| | - Suzanne L. Pollard
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Trishul Siddharthan
- Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - John R. Hurst
- UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fernando M. Runzer-Colmenares
- Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru
- Universidad Científica del Sur, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Miles D. Witham
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jose F. Parodi
- Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Centro de Investigación del Envejecimiento (CIEN), Lima, Peru
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Gregory S, Griffiths A, Jennings A, Malcomson FC, Matu J, Minihane AM, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie CW, Parra-Soto S, Stevenson E, Townsend R, Ward NA, Shannon O. Adherence to the Eatwell Guide and cardiometabolic, cognitive and neuroimaging parameters: an analysis from the PREVENT dementia study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:21. [PMID: 38594677 PMCID: PMC11005234 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Eatwell guide reflects the UK government's recommendations for a healthy and balanced diet. Previous research has identified associations between healthy eating patterns and both cardiovascular and brain health, although there is little evidence specifically focusing on the Eatwell Guide. To date no research has investigated associations between the Eatwell Guide and risk for future dementia. METHODS Data from the PREVENT dementia cohort study baseline visit was used in this analysis. Binary and graded Eatwell Guide scores (BEWG, GEWG) were created from a self-reported Food Frequency Questionnaire. The CAIDE score was included as the primary outcome measure to represent risk for future Alzheimer's disease. Secondary outcome measures included cardiometabolic health measures and brain health measures. Generalised additive models were run in R. RESULTS A total of 517 participants were included in the analysis, with a mean BEWG score of 4.39 (± 1.66) (out of a possible 12 points) and GEWG score of 39.88 (± 6.19) (out of a possible 60 points). There was no significant association between either Eatwell Guide score and the CAIDE score (BEWG β: 0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.07, 0.22; GEWG β: 0.02, 95% CI: -0.02, 0.06) or any measures of brain health. There was a significant association between higher GEWG score and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) (systolic β: -0.24, 95% CI: -0.45, -0.03; diastolic β: -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; BMI β: -0.09, 95% CI: -0.16, -0.01). CONCLUSIONS Although not directly associated with the CAIDE score, the Eatwell Guide dietary pattern may be beneficial for dementia prevention efforts through the modification of hypertension and obesity, which are both known risk factors for dementia. Future work could replicate these findings in other UK-based cohorts as well as further development of Eatwell Guide scoring methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK.
| | | | - Amy Jennings
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Outpatient Department 2, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH42XU, UK
- Scottish Brain Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Solange Parra-Soto
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Universidad del Bío-Bío, 3780000, Chillan, Chile
- School of Cardiometabolic and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rebecca Townsend
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nicola Ann Ward
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Oliver Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Wang W, Gulliver J, Beevers S, Freni Sterrantino A, Davies B, Atkinson RW, Fecht D. Short-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Asthma in Children: A Case-Crossover Analysis in England. J Asthma Allergy 2024; 17:349-359. [PMID: 38623450 PMCID: PMC11016460 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s448600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There is an increasing body of evidence associating short-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposure with asthma-related hospital admissions in children. However, most studies have relied on temporally resolved exposure information, potentially ignoring the spatial variability of NO2. We aimed to investigate how daily NO2 estimates from a highly resolved spatio-temporal model are associated with the risk of emergency hospital admission for asthma in children in England. Methods We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study including 111,766 emergency hospital admissions for asthma in children (aged 0-14 years) between 1st January 2011 and 31st December 2015 in England. Daily NO2 levels were predicted at the patients' place of residence using spatio-temporal models by combining land use data and chemical transport model estimates. Conditional logistic regression models were used to obtain the odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for temperature, relative humidity, bank holidays, and influenza rates. The effect modifications by age, sex, season, area-level income deprivation, and region were explored in stratified analyses. Results For each 10 µg/m³ increase in NO2 exposure, we observed an 8% increase in asthma-related emergency admissions using a five-day moving NO2 average (mean lag 0-4) (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.06-1.10). In the stratified analysis, we found larger effect sizes for male (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.12) and during the cold season (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.08-1.12). The effect estimates varied slightly by age group, area-level income deprivation, and region. Significance Short-term exposure to NO2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma emergency admissions among children in England. Future guidance and policies need to consider reflecting certain proven modifications, such as using season-specific countermeasures for air pollution control, to protect the at-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Wang
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - John Gulliver
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sean Beevers
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Freni Sterrantino
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Bethan Davies
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard W Atkinson
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Fecht
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Chemical and Radiation Threats and Hazards, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Hoving JJA, Harford-Wright E, Wingfield-Digby P, Cattin AL, Campana M, Power A, Morgan T, Torchiaro E, Quereda V, Lloyd AC. N-cadherin directs the collective Schwann cell migration required for nerve regeneration through Slit2/3-mediated contact inhibition of locomotion. eLife 2024; 13:e88872. [PMID: 38591541 PMCID: PMC11052573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental for the development of organisms and in the adult for tissue regeneration and in pathological conditions such as cancer. Migration as a coherent group requires the maintenance of cell-cell interactions, while contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), a local repulsive force, can propel the group forward. Here we show that the cell-cell interaction molecule, N-cadherin, regulates both adhesion and repulsion processes during Schwann cell (SC) collective migration, which is required for peripheral nerve regeneration. However, distinct from its role in cell-cell adhesion, the repulsion process is independent of N-cadherin trans-homodimerisation and the associated adherens junction complex. Rather, the extracellular domain of N-cadherin is required to present the repulsive Slit2/Slit3 signal at the cell surface. Inhibiting Slit2/Slit3 signalling inhibits CIL and subsequently collective SC migration, resulting in adherent, nonmigratory cell clusters. Moreover, analysis of ex vivo explants from mice following sciatic nerve injury showed that inhibition of Slit2 decreased SC collective migration and increased clustering of SCs within the nerve bridge. These findings provide insight into how opposing signals can mediate collective cell migration and how CIL pathways are promising targets for inhibiting pathological cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian JA Hoving
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Harford-Wright
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Patrick Wingfield-Digby
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Campana
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alex Power
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Toby Morgan
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erica Torchiaro
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Victor Quereda
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alison C Lloyd
- UCL Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and the UCL Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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206
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Mitchell SJ, Phillips GD, Tench B, Li Y, Belelli D, Martin SJ, Swinny JD, Kelly L, Atack JR, Paradowski M, Lambert JJ. Neurosteroid Modulation of Synaptic and Extrasynaptic GABA A Receptors of the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens. Biomolecules 2024; 14:460. [PMID: 38672476 PMCID: PMC11048561 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent approval of formulations of the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone (brexanolone) and the synthetic neuroactive steroid SAGE-217 (zuranolone) to treat postpartum depression (PPD) has encouraged further research to elucidate why these potent enhancers of GABAAR function are clinically effective in this condition. Dopaminergic projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens are associated with reward/motivation and brain imaging studies report that individuals with PPD show reduced activity of this pathway in response to reward and infant engagement. However, the influence of neurosteroids on GABA-ergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens has received limited attention. Here, we investigate, in the medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the mouse nucleus accumbens core, the effect of allopregnanolone, SAGE-217 and other endogenous and synthetic steroids of interest on fast phasic and tonic inhibition mediated by synaptic (α1/2βγ2) and extrasynaptic (α4βδ) GABAARs, respectively. We present evidence suggesting the resident tonic current results from the spontaneous opening of δ-GABAARs, where the steroid-enhanced tonic current is GABA-dependent. Furthermore, we demonstrate local neurosteroid synthesis in the accumbal slice preparation and reveal that GABA-ergic neurotransmission of MSNs is influenced by an endogenous neurosteroid tone. Given the dramatic fluctuations in allopregnanolone levels during pregnancy and postpartum, this neurosteroid-mediated local fine-tuning of GABAergic transmission in the MSNs will probably be perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Mitchell
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Grant D. Phillips
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Becks Tench
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Yunkai Li
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Stephen J. Martin
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
| | - Jerome D. Swinny
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (J.D.S.); (L.K.)
| | - Louise Kelly
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, St. Michael’s Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK; (J.D.S.); (L.K.)
| | - John R. Atack
- Main Building, Medicines Discovery Institute, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK; (J.R.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Michael Paradowski
- Main Building, Medicines Discovery Institute, Park Place, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK; (J.R.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Jeremy J. Lambert
- Division of Cellular & Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Institute, Dundee University, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5HL, UK; (S.J.M.); (G.D.P.); (B.T.); (Y.L.); (D.B.); (S.J.M.)
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Hamilton CA, Matthews FE, Attems J, Donaghy PC, Erskine D, Taylor JP, Thomas AJ. Associations between multimorbidity and neuropathology in dementia: consideration of functional cognitive disorders, psychiatric illness and dementia mimics. Br J Psychiatry 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38584319 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimorbidity, the presence of two or more health conditions, has been identified as a possible risk factor for clinical dementia. It is unclear whether this is due to worsening brain health and underlying neuropathology, or other factors. In some cases, conditions may reflect the same disease process as dementia (e.g. Parkinson's disease, vascular disease), in others, conditions may reflect a prodromal stage of dementia (e.g. depression, anxiety and psychosis). AIMS To assess whether multimorbidity in later life was associated with more severe dementia-related neuropathology at autopsy. METHOD We examined ante-mortem and autopsy data from 767 brain tissue donors from the UK, identifying physical multimorbidity in later life and specific brain-related conditions. We assessed associations between these purported risk factors and dementia-related neuropathological changes at autopsy (Alzheimer's-disease related neuropathology, Lewy body pathology, cerebrovascular disease and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy) with logistic models. RESULTS Physical multimorbidity was not associated with greater dementia-related neuropathological changes. In the presence of physical multimorbidity, clinical dementia was less likely to be associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology. Conversely, conditions which may be clinical or prodromal manifestations of dementia-related neuropathology (Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular disease, depression and other psychiatric conditions) were associated with dementia and neuropathological changes. CONCLUSIONS Physical multimorbidity alone is not associated with greater dementia-related neuropathological change; inappropriate inclusion of brain-related conditions in multimorbidity measures and misdiagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia may better explain increased rates of clinical dementia in multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum A Hamilton
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona E Matthews
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul C Donaghy
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Erskine
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Okomo U, Gon G, Darboe S, Sey ICM, Nkereuwem O, Leigh L, Camara N, Makalo L, Keita A, Dancer SJ, Graham W, Aiken AM. Assessing the impact of a cleaning programme on environmental hygiene in labour and neonatal wards: an exploratory study in The Gambia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 38589973 PMCID: PMC11003010 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-024-01393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective surface cleaning in hospitals is crucial to prevent the transmission of pathogens. However, hospitals in low- and middle-income countries face cleaning challenges due to limited resources and inadequate training. METHODS We assessed the effectiveness of a modified TEACH CLEAN programme for trainers in reducing surface microbiological contamination in the newborn unit of a tertiary referral hospital in The Gambia. We utilised a quasi-experimental design and compared data against those from the labour ward. Direct observations of cleaning practices and key informant interviews were also conducted to clarify the programme's impact. RESULTS Between July and September 2021 (pre-intervention) and October and December 2021 (post-intervention), weekly surface sampling was performed in the newborn unit and labour ward. The training package was delivered in October 2021, after which their surface microbiological contamination deteriorated in both clinical settings. While some cleaning standards improved, critical aspects such as using fresh cleaning cloths and the one-swipe method did not. Interviews with senior departmental and hospital management staff revealed ongoing challenges in the health system that hindered the ability to improve cleaning practices, including COVID-19, understaffing, disruptions to water supply and shortages of cleaning materials. CONCLUSIONS Keeping a hospital clean is fundamental to good care, but training hospital cleaning staff in this low-income country neonatal unit failed to reduce surface contamination levels. Further qualitative investigation revealed multiple external factors that challenged any possible impact of the cleaning programme. Further work is needed to address barriers to hospital cleaning in low-income hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uduak Okomo
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia.
- MARCH Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Giorgia Gon
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Saffiatou Darboe
- Research Microbiology Laboratory, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, The Gambia
- AMR Centre, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isatou C M Sey
- Research Microbiology Laboratory, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Oluwatosin Nkereuwem
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Lamin Leigh
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nfamara Camara
- Vaccines and Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Atlantic Boulevard, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Lamin Makalo
- Department of Paediatrics, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Keita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Stephanie J Dancer
- Department of Microbiology, NHS Lanarkshire and School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Wendy Graham
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Alexander M Aiken
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Brown AD, Fisher L, Curtis HJ, Wiedemann M, Hulme WJ, Speed V, Hopcroft LEM, Cunningham C, Costello RE, Galloway JB, Russell MD, Bechman K, Kurt Z, Croker R, Wood C, Walker AJ, Schaffer AL, Bacon SCJ, Mehrkar A, Hickman G, Bates C, Cockburn J, Parry J, Hester F, Harper S, Goldacre B, MacKenna B. OpenSAFELY: The impact of COVID-19 on azathioprine, leflunomide and methotrexate monitoring, and factors associated with change in monitoring rate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38589944 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented pressure on healthcare services. This study investigates whether disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) safety monitoring was affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A population-based cohort study was conducted using the OpenSAFELY platform to access electronic health record data from 24.2 million patients registered at general practices using TPP's SystmOne software. Patients were included for further analysis if prescribed azathioprine, leflunomide or methotrexate between November 2019 and July 2022. Outcomes were assessed as monthly trends and variation between various sociodemographic and clinical groups for adherence with standard safety monitoring recommendations. RESULTS An acute increase in the rate of missed monitoring occurred across the study population (+12.4 percentage points) when lockdown measures were implemented in March 2020. This increase was more pronounced for some patient groups (70-79 year-olds: +13.7 percentage points; females: +12.8 percentage points), regions (North West: +17.0 percentage points), medications (leflunomide: +20.7 percentage points) and monitoring tests (blood pressure: +24.5 percentage points). Missed monitoring rates decreased substantially for all groups by July 2022. Consistent differences were observed in overall missed monitoring rates between several groups throughout the study. CONCLUSION DMARD monitoring rates temporarily deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Deterioration coincided with the onset of lockdown measures, with monitoring rates recovering rapidly as lockdown measures were eased. Differences observed in monitoring rates between medications, tests, regions and patient groups highlight opportunities to tackle potential inequalities in the provision or uptake of monitoring services. Further research should evaluate the causes of the differences identified between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Brown
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Louis Fisher
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Helen J Curtis
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Milan Wiedemann
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - William J Hulme
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Speed
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Christine Cunningham
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Mark D Russell
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - Katie Bechman
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, UK
| | - Zeyneb Kurt
- Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Richard Croker
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Wood
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alex J Walker
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea L Schaffer
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Seb C J Bacon
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Amir Mehrkar
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - George Hickman
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ben Goldacre
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Brian MacKenna
- Bennett Institute for Applied Data Science, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
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Holmes J, Sasso A, Hernández Alava M, Borges Neves R, Stevely AK, Warde A, Meier PS. How is alcohol consumption and heavy episodic drinking spread across different types of drinking occasion in Great Britain: An event-level latent class analysis. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 127:104414. [PMID: 38588637 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper aimed to (i) update a previous typology of British alcohol drinking occasions using a more recent and expanded dataset and revised modelling procedure, and (ii) estimate the average consumption level, prevalence of heavy drinking, and distribution of all alcohol consumption and heavy drinking within and across occasion types. METHODS The paper uses a cross-sectional latent class analysis of event-level diary data that includes characteristics of 43,089 drinking occasions in 2019 reported by 17,821 adult drinkers in Great Britain. The latent class indicators are characteristics of off-trade only (e.g. home), on-trade only (e.g. bar) and mixed trade (e.g. home and bar) drinking occasions. These describe companions, locations, purpose, motivation, accompanying activities, timings, consumption volume in units (1 UK unit = 8g ethanol) and beverages consumed. RESULTS The analysis identified four off-trade only, eight on-trade only and three mixed-trade occasion types (i.e. latent classes). Mean consumption per occasion varied between 4.4 units in Family meals to 17.7 units in Big nights out with pre-loading. It exceeded ten units in all mixed-trade occasion types and in Off-trade get togethers, Big nights out and Male friends at the pub. Three off-trade types accounted for 50.8% of all alcohol consumed and 51.8% of heavy drinking occasions: Quiet drink at home alone, Evening at home with partner and Off-trade get togethers. For thirteen out of fifteen occasion types, more than 25% of occasions involved heavy drinking. Conversely, 41.7% of Big nights out and 16.4% of Big nights out with preloading were not heavy drinking occasions. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption varies substantially across and within fifteen types of drinking occasion in Great Britain. Heavy drinking is common in most occasion types. However, moderate drinking is also common in occasion types often characterised as heavy drinking practices. Mixed-trade drinking occasions are particularly likely to involve heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Holmes
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Alessandro Sasso
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; European Commission, Joint Research Center (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | - Abigail K Stevely
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Warde
- School of Social Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester UK
| | - Petra S Meier
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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211
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Kaiyrzhanov R, Ortigoza-Escobar JD, Stringer BW, Ganieva M, Gowda VK, Srinivasan VM, Macaya A, Laner A, Onbool E, Al-Shammari R, Al-Owain M, Deconinck N, Vilain C, Dontaine P, Self E, Akram R, Hussain G, Baig SM, Iqbal J, Salpietro V, Neshatdoust M, Kasiri M, Yesil G, Uygur T, Pysden K, Berry IR, Alves CA, Giacomotto J, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Clinical and Molecular Spectrum of Autosomal Recessive CA8-Related Cerebellar Ataxia. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38581205 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on a limited number of reported families, biallelic CA8 variants have currently been associated with a recessive neurological disorder named, cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and dysequilibrium syndrome 3 (CAMRQ-3). OBJECTIVES We aim to comprehensively investigate CA8-related disorders (CA8-RD) by reviewing existing literature and exploring neurological, neuroradiological, and molecular observations in a cohort of newly identified patients. METHODS We analyzed the phenotype of 27 affected individuals from 14 families with biallelic CA8 variants (including data from 15 newly identified patients from eight families), ages 4 to 35 years. Clinical, genetic, and radiological assessments were performed, and zebrafish models with ca8 knockout were used for functional analysis. RESULTS Patients exhibited varying degrees of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), along with predominantly progressive cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs and variable bradykinesia, dystonia, and sensory impairment. Quadrupedal gait was present in only 10 of 27 patients. Progressive selective cerebellar atrophy, predominantly affecting the superior vermis, was a key diagnostic finding in all patients. Seven novel homozygous CA8 variants were identified. Zebrafish models demonstrated impaired early neurodevelopment and motor behavior on ca8 knockout. CONCLUSION Our comprehensive analysis of phenotypic features indicates that CA8-RD exhibits a wide range of clinical manifestations, setting it apart from other subtypes within the category of CAMRQ. CA8-RD is characterized by cerebellar atrophy and should be recognized as part of the autosomal-recessive cerebellar ataxias associated with NDD. Notably, the presence of progressive superior vermis atrophy serves as a valuable diagnostic indicator. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Juan Darío Ortigoza-Escobar
- U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Movement Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brett W Stringer
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manizha Ganieva
- Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Department of Neurology and Medical Genetics, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Vykuntaraju K Gowda
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Alfons Macaya
- European Reference Network for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enas Onbool
- Neurology department, King Abdulaziz Specialist Hospital, Skaka Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Randa Al-Shammari
- Department of Medical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Owain
- Department of Medical Genomics, Centre for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicolas Deconinck
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catheline Vilain
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Reine Fabiola (HUDERF); Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Dontaine
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires et Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola (HUDERF), Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (HUB), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleanor Self
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rabia Akram
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neurochemical biology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemical biology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mahmood Baig
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE) College, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maedeh Neshatdoust
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Kasiri
- School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Gozde Yesil
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turkan Uygur
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Bezmialem Vakif University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Karen Pysden
- Paediatric Neurology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Berry
- Yorkshire and North East Genomic Laboratory Hub Central Laboratory, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Cesar Augusto Alves
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean Giacomotto
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Centre for Cellular Phenomics, School of Environment and Science Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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212
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Alav I, Pordelkhaki P, de Resende PE, Partington H, Gibbons S, Lord RM, Buckner MMC. Cobalt complexes modulate plasmid conjugation in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8103. [PMID: 38582880 PMCID: PMC10998897 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase genes, are commonly carried on plasmids. Plasmids can transmit between bacteria, disseminate globally, and cause clinically important resistance. Therefore, targeting plasmids could reduce ARG prevalence, and restore the efficacy of existing antibiotics. Cobalt complexes possess diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial and anticancer properties. However, their effect on plasmid conjugation has not been explored yet. Here, we assessed the effect of four previously characterised bis(N-picolinamido)cobalt(II) complexes lacking antibacterial activity on plasmid conjugation in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these cobalt complexes confirmed the lack of antibacterial activity in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Liquid broth and solid agar conjugation assays were used to screen the activity of the complexes on four archetypical plasmids in E. coli J53. The cobalt complexes significantly reduced the conjugation of RP4, R6K, and R388 plasmids, but not pKM101, on solid agar in E. coli J53. Owing to their promising activity, the impact of cobalt complexes was tested on the conjugation of fluorescently tagged extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoding pCTgfp plasmid in E. coli and carbapenemase encoding pKpQILgfp plasmid in K. pneumoniae, using flow cytometry. The complexes significantly reduced the conjugation of pKpQILgfp in K. pneumoniae but had no impact on pCTgfp conjugation in E. coli. The cobalt complexes did not have plasmid-curing activity, suggesting that they target conjugation rather than plasmid stability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report reduced conjugation of clinically relevant plasmids with cobalt complexes. These cobalt complexes are not cytotoxic towards mammalian cells and are not antibacterial, therefore they could be optimised and employed as inhibitors of plasmid conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Parisa Pordelkhaki
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Pedro Ernesto de Resende
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Hannah Partington
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Simon Gibbons
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, 616, Oman
| | - Rianne M Lord
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Michelle M C Buckner
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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213
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Fouragnan EF, Hosking B, Cheung Y, Prakash B, Rushworth M, Sel A. Timing along the cardiac cycle modulates neural signals of reward-based learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2976. [PMID: 38582905 PMCID: PMC10998831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural fluctuations in cardiac activity modulate brain activity associated with sensory stimuli, as well as perceptual decisions about low magnitude, near-threshold stimuli. However, little is known about the relationship between fluctuations in heart activity and other internal representations. Here we investigate whether the cardiac cycle relates to learning-related internal representations - absolute and signed prediction errors. We combined machine learning techniques with electroencephalography with both simple, direct indices of task performance and computational model-derived indices of learning. Our results demonstrate that just as people are more sensitive to low magnitude, near-threshold sensory stimuli in certain cardiac phases, so are they more sensitive to low magnitude absolute prediction errors in the same cycles. However, this occurs even when the low magnitude prediction errors are associated with clearly suprathreshold sensory events. In addition, participants exhibiting stronger differences in their prediction error representations between cardiac cycles exhibited higher learning rates and greater task accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F Fouragnan
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK.
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Billy Hosking
- Brain Research Imaging Centre (BRIC), Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL6 8BU, UK
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Yin Cheung
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Brooke Prakash
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Matthew Rushworth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
| | - Alejandra Sel
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3UD, UK
- Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
- Essex ESNEFT Psychological Research Unit for Behaviour, Health and Wellbeing, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
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214
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Pflanz CP, Künzi M, Gallacher J, Bauermeister S. Distress and neuroticism as mediators of the effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognitive performance in the UK Biobank study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8108. [PMID: 38582859 PMCID: PMC10998912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58510-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity and adulthood adversity affect cognition later in life. However, the mechanism through which adversity exerts these effects on cognition remains under-researched. We aimed to investigate if the effect of adversity on cognition was mediated by distress or neuroticism. The UK Biobank is a large, population-based, cohort study designed to investigate risk factors of cognitive health. Here, data were analysed using a cross-sectional design. Structural equation models were fitted to the data with childhood adversity or adulthood adversity as independent variables, distress and neuroticism as mediators and executive function and processing speed as latent dependent variables that were derived from the cognitive scores in the UK Biobank. Complete data were available for 64,051 participants in the childhood adversity model and 63,360 participants in the adulthood adversity model. Childhood adversity did not show a direct effect on processing speed. The effect of childhood adversity on executive function was partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. The effects of adulthood adversity on executive function and processing speed were both partially mediated by distress and neuroticism. In conclusion, distress and neuroticism mediated the deleterious effect of childhood and adulthood adversity on cognition and may provide a mechanism underlying the deleterious consequences of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Patrick Pflanz
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK.
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Centre the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - John Gallacher
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
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215
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Latorraca LB, Galvão A, Rabaglino MB, D'Augero JM, Kelsey G, Fair T. Single-cell profiling reveals transcriptome dynamics during bovine oocyte growth. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:335. [PMID: 38580918 PMCID: PMC10998374 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian follicle development is characterized by extensive changes in morphology, endocrine responsiveness, and function, providing the optimum environment for oocyte growth, development, and resumption of meiosis. In cattle, the first signs of transcription activation in the oocyte are observed in the secondary follicle, later than during mouse and human oogenesis. While many studies have generated extensive datasets characterizing gene expression in bovine oocytes, they are mostly limited to the analysis of fully grown and matured oocytes. The aim of the present study was to apply single-cell RNA sequencing to interrogate the transcriptome of the growing bovine oocyte from the secondary follicle stage through to the mid-antral follicle stage. RESULTS Single-cell RNA-seq libraries were generated from oocytes of known diameters (< 60 to > 120 μm), and datasets were binned into non-overlapping size groups for downstream analysis. Combining the results of weighted gene co-expression network and Trendy analyses, and differently expressed genes (DEGs) between size groups, we identified a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation and an increase in maternal -genes and transcription regulators across the bovine oocyte growth phase. In addition, around 5,000 genes did not change in expression, revealing a cohort of stable genes. An interesting switch in gene expression profile was noted in oocytes greater than 100 μm in diameter, when the expression of genes related to cytoplasmic activities was replaced by genes related to nuclear activities (e.g., chromosome segregation). The highest number of DEGs were detected in the comparison of oocytes 100-109 versus 110-119 μm in diameter, revealing a profound change in the molecular profile of oocytes at the end of their growth phase. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides a unique dataset of the key genes and pathways characteristic of each stage of oocyte development, contributing an important resource for a greater understanding of bovine oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - António Galvão
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Maria Belen Rabaglino
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trudee Fair
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Zhang L, Toboso-Navasa A, Gunawan A, Camara A, Nakagawa R, Katja F, Chakravarty P, Newman R, Zhang Y, Eilers M, Wack A, Tolar P, Toellner KM, Calado DP. Regulation of BCR-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization by MIZ1-TMBIM4 safeguards IgG1 + GC B cell-positive selection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk0092. [PMID: 38579014 PMCID: PMC7615907 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The transition from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to affinity-matured IgG antibodies is vital for effective humoral immunity. This is facilitated by germinal centers (GCs) through affinity maturation and preferential maintenance of IgG+ B cells over IgM+ B cells. However, it is not known whether the positive selection of the different Ig isotypes within GCs is dependent on specific transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we explored IgG1+ GC B cell transcription factor dependency using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen and conditional mouse genetics. We found that MIZ1 was specifically required for IgG1+ GC B cell survival during positive selection, whereas IgM+ GC B cells were largely independent. Mechanistically, MIZ1 induced TMBIM4, an ancestral anti-apoptotic protein that regulated inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium (Ca2+) mobilization downstream of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling in IgG1+ B cells. The MIZ1-TMBIM4 axis prevented mitochondrial dysfunction-induced IgG1+ GC cell death caused by excessive Ca2+ accumulation. This study uncovers a unique Ig isotype-specific dependency on a hitherto unidentified mechanism in GC-positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Arief Gunawan
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Newman
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Adamowski M, Sharma Y, Molcan T, Wołodko K, Kelsey G, Galvão AM. Leptin signalling regulates transcriptional differences in granulosa cells from genetically obese mice but not the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8070. [PMID: 38580672 PMCID: PMC10997671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58181-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased ovarian inflammation and the establishment of leptin resistance. We presently investigated the role of impaired leptin signalling on transcriptional regulation in granulosa cells (GCs) collected from genetically obese mice. Furthermore, we characterised the association between ovarian leptin signalling, the activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and macrophage infiltration in obese mice. After phenotype characterisation, ovaries were collected from distinct group of animals for protein and mRNA expression analysis: (i) mice subjected to a diet-induced obesity (DIO) protocol, where one group was fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and another a standard chow diet (CD) for durations of 4 or 16 weeks; (ii) mice genetically deficient in the long isoform of the leptin receptor (ObRb; db/db); (iii) mice genetically deficient in leptin (ob/ob); and (iv) mice rendered pharmacologically hyperleptinemic (LEPT). Next, GCs from antral follicles isolated from db/db and ob/ob mice were subjected to transcriptome analysis. Transcriptional analysis revealed opposing profiles in genes associated with steroidogenesis and prostaglandin action between the genetic models, despite the similarities in body weight. Furthermore, we observed no changes in the mRNA and protein levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the ovaries of db/db mice or in markers of M1 and M2 macrophage infiltration. This contrasted with the downregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and M1 markers in ob/ob and 16-wk HFD-fed mice. We concluded that leptin signalling regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the expression of M1 markers in the ovaries of obese mice in an ObRb-dependent and ObRb-independent manner. Furthermore, we found no changes in the expression of leptin signalling and NLRP3 inflammasome genes in GCs from db/db and ob/ob mice, which was associated with no effects on macrophage infiltration genes, despite the dysregulation of genes associated with steroidogenesis in homozygous obese db/db. Our results suggest that: (i) the crosstalk between leptin signalling, NLRP3 inflammasome and macrophage infiltration takes place in ovarian components other than the GC compartment; and (ii) transcriptional changes in GCs from homozygous obese ob/ob mice suggest structural rearrangement and organisation, whereas in db/db mice the impairment in steroidogenesis and secretory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Adamowski
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Yashaswi Sharma
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Karolina Wołodko
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - António M Galvão
- Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, 4 Royal College Street, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
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218
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Cameron G, Gruszka D, Xie S, Kaya Ç, Nasmyth KA, Srinivasan M, Yardimci H. Sister chromatid cohesion establishment during DNA replication termination. Science 2024; 384:119-124. [PMID: 38484038 PMCID: PMC7615807 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Newly copied sister chromatids are tethered together by the cohesin complex, but how sister chromatid cohesion coordinates with DNA replication is poorly understood. Prevailing models suggest that cohesin complexes, bound to DNA before replication, remain behind the advancing replication fork to keep sister chromatids together. By visualizing single replication forks colliding with preloaded cohesin complexes, we find that the replisome instead pushes cohesin to where a converging replisome is met. Whereas the converging replisomes are removed during DNA replication termination, cohesin remains on nascent DNA and provides cohesion. Additionally, we show that CMG (CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS) helicase disassembly during replication termination is vital for proper cohesion in budding yeast. Together, our results support a model wherein sister chromatid cohesion is established during DNA replication termination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sherry Xie
- The Francis Crick Institute; London, United Kingdom
| | - Çağla Kaya
- The Francis Crick Institute; London, United Kingdom
| | - Kim A Nasmyth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford; Oxford, United Kingdom
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Derby SJ, Dutton L, Strathdee KE, Stevenson K, Koessinger A, Jackson M, Tian Y, Yu W, Mclay K, Misquitta J, Alsharif S, Clarke CJ, Gilmour L, Thomason P, McGhee E, McGarrity-Cottrell CL, Vanderlinden A, Collis SJ, Rominyi O, Lemgruber L, Solecki G, Olson M, Winkler F, Carlin LM, Heiland DH, Inman GJ, Chalmers AJ, Norman JC, Carruthers R, Birch JL. Inhibition of ATR opposes glioblastoma invasion through disruption of cytoskeletal networks and integrin internalization via macropinocytosis. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:625-639. [PMID: 37936324 PMCID: PMC10995506 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas have highly infiltrative growth patterns that contribute to recurrence and poor survival. Despite infiltration being a critical therapeutic target, no clinically useful therapies exist that counter glioblastoma invasion. Here, we report that inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad 3 related kinase (ATR) reduces invasion of glioblastoma cells through dysregulation of cytoskeletal networks and subsequent integrin trafficking. METHODS Glioblastoma motility and invasion were assessed in vitro and in vivo in response to ATR inhibition (ATRi) and ATR overexpression using time-lapse microscopy, two orthotopic glioblastoma models, and intravital imaging. Disruption to cytoskeleton networks and endocytic processing were investigated via high-throughput, super-resolution and intravital imaging. RESULTS High ATR expression was associated with significantly poorer survival in clinical datasets while histological, protein expression, and spatial transcriptomics using glioblastoma tumor specimens revealed higher ATR expression at infiltrative margins. Pharmacological inhibition with two different compounds and RNAi targeting of ATR opposed the invasion of glioblastoma, whereas overexpression of ATR drove migration. Subsequent investigation revealed that cytoskeletal dysregulation reduced macropinocytotic internalization of integrins at growth-cone-like structures, resulting in a tumor microtube retraction defect. The biological relevance and translational potential of these findings were confirmed using two orthotopic in vivo models of glioblastoma and intravital imaging. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel role for ATR in determining invasion in glioblastoma cells and propose that pharmacological targeting of ATR could have far-reaching clinical benefits beyond radiosensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Derby
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Louise Dutton
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen E Strathdee
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Katrina Stevenson
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Koessinger
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark Jackson
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Yuling Tian
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wenxi Yu
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathy Mclay
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Josette Misquitta
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sama Alsharif
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lesley Gilmour
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - Aurelie Vanderlinden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Spencer J Collis
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ola Rominyi
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Leandro Lemgruber
- Cellular Analysis Facility, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gergely Solecki
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryeson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frank Winkler
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leo M Carlin
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Gareth J Inman
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- CRUK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross Carruthers
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joanna L Birch
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Lopes DM, Wells JA, Ma D, Wallis L, Park D, Llewellyn SK, Ahmed Z, Lythgoe MF, Harrison IF. Glymphatic inhibition exacerbates tau propagation in an Alzheimer's disease model. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:71. [PMID: 38576025 PMCID: PMC10996277 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggregation and spread of misfolded amyloid structured proteins, such as tau and α-synuclein, are key pathological features associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These proteins possess a prion-like property, enabling their transmission from cell to cell leading to propagation throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems. While the mechanisms underlying their intracellular spread are still being elucidated, targeting the extracellular space has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach. The glymphatic system, a brain-wide pathway responsible for clearing extracellular metabolic waste from the central nervous system, has gained attention as a promising target for removing these toxic proteins. METHODS In this study, we investigated the impact of long-term modulation of glymphatic function on tau aggregation and spread by chronically treating a mouse model of tau propagation with a pharmacological inhibitor of AQP4, TGN-020. Thy1-hTau.P301S mice were intracerebrally inoculated with tau into the hippocampus and overlying cortex, and subsequently treated with TGN-020 (3 doses/week, 50 mg/kg TGN-020, i.p.) for 10-weeks. During this time, animal memory was studied using cognitive behavioural tasks, and structural MR images were acquired of the brain in vivo prior to brain extraction for immunohistochemical characterisation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate increased tau aggregation in the brain and transhemispheric propagation in the hippocampus following the inhibition of glymphatic clearance. Moreover, disruption of the glymphatic system aggravated recognition memory in tau inoculated mice and exacerbated regional changes in brain volume detected in the model. When initiation of drug treatment was delayed for several weeks post-inoculation, the alterations were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that by modulating AQP4 function and, consequently, glymphatic clearance, it is possible to modify the propagation and pathological impact of tau in the brain, particularly during the initial stages of the disease. These findings highlight the critical role of the glymphatic system in preserving healthy brain homeostasis and offer valuable insights into the therapeutic implications of targeting this system for managing neurodegenerative diseases characterized by protein aggregation and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Lopes
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jack A Wells
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Da Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Lauren Wallis
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Daniel Park
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Sophie K Llewellyn
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Zeshan Ahmed
- Neuroscience Next Generation Therapeutics (NGTx), Eli Lilly and Company, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ian F Harrison
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6DD, UK.
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Beardmore-Gray A, Simwinga M, Vwalika B, Chinkoyo S, Chappell L, Sandall J, Shennan A. Understanding the language barriers to translating informed consent documents for maternal health trials in Zambia: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e076744. [PMID: 38580359 PMCID: PMC11002372 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Providing comprehensible information is essential to the process of valid informed consent. Recruitment materials designed by sponsoring institutions in English-speaking, high-income countries are commonly translated for use in global health studies in other countries; however, key concepts are often missed, misunderstood or 'lost in translation'. The aim of this study was to explore the language barriers to informed consent, focusing on the challenges of translating recruitment materials for maternal health studies into Zambian languages. DESIGN We used a qualitative approach, which incorporated a multistakeholder workshop (11 participants), in-depth interviews with researchers and translators (8 participants) and two community-based focus groups with volunteers from community advisory boards (20 participants). Content analysis was used to identify terms commonly occurring in recruitment materials prior to the workshop. The framework analysis approach was used to analyse interview data, and a simple inductive thematic analysis approach was used to analyse focus group data. SETTING The study was based in Lusaka, Zambia. RESULTS The workshop highlighted difficulties in translating research terms and pregnancy-specific terms, as well as widespread concern that current templates are too long, use overly formal language and are designed with little input from local teams. Framework analysis of in-depth interviews identified barriers to participant understanding relating to design and development of recruitment materials, language, local context and communication styles. Focus group participants confirmed these findings and suggested potential solutions to ensure the language and content of recruitment materials can be better understood. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that the way in which recruitment materials are currently designed, translated and disseminated may not enable potential trial participants to fully understand the information provided. Instead of using overly complex institutional templates, recruitment materials should be created through an iterative and interactive process that provides truly comprehensible information in a format appropriate for its intended participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beardmore-Gray
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Sebastian Chinkoyo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ndola Teaching Hospital, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Lucy Chappell
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Pearson GJ, Mears HV, Broncel M, Snijders AP, Bauer DLV, Carlton JG. ER-export and ARFRP1/AP-1-dependent delivery of SARS-CoV-2 Envelope to lysosomes controls late stages of viral replication. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl5012. [PMID: 38569033 PMCID: PMC10990277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The β-coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Coronaviral Envelope (E) proteins are pentameric viroporins that play essential roles in assembly, release, and pathogenesis. We developed a nondisruptive tagging strategy for SARS-CoV-2 E and find that, at steady state, it localizes to the Golgi and to lysosomes. We identify sequences in E, conserved across Coronaviridae, responsible for endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi export, and relate this activity to interaction with COP-II via SEC24. Using proximity biotinylation, we identify an ADP ribosylation factor 1/adaptor protein-1 (ARFRP1/AP-1)-dependent pathway allowing Golgi-to-lysosome trafficking of E. We identify sequences in E that bind AP-1, are conserved across β-coronaviruses, and allow E to be trafficked from Golgi to lysosomes. We show that E acts to deacidify lysosomes and, by developing a trans-complementation assay for SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins, that lysosomal delivery of E and its viroporin activity is necessary for efficient viral replication and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy J. Pearson
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Harriet V. Mears
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Malgorzata Broncel
- Proteomic Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ambrosius P. Snijders
- Proteomic Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David L. V. Bauer
- RNA Virus Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jeremy G. Carlton
- Organelle Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Paleel F, Qin M, Tagalakis AD, Yu-Wai-Man C, Lamprou DA. Manufacturing and characterisation of 3D-printed sustained-release Timolol implants for glaucoma treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01589-8. [PMID: 38578377 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01589-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Timolol maleate (TML) is a beta-blocker drug that is commonly used to lower the intraocular pressure in glaucoma. This study focused on using a 3D printing (3DP) method for the manufacturing of an ocular, implantable, sustained-release drug delivery system (DDS). Polycaprolactone (PCL), and PCL with 5 or 10% TML implants were manufactured using a one-step 3DP process. Their physicochemical characteristics were analysed using light microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) / thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro drug release was evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry. Finally, the effect of the implants on cell viability in human trabecular meshwork cells was assessed. All the implants showed a smooth surface. Thermal analysis demonstrated that the implants remained thermally stable at the temperatures used for the printing, and FTIR studies showed that there were no significant interactions between PCL and TML. Both concentrations (5 & 10%) of TML achieved sustained release from the implants over the 8-week study period. All implants were non-cytotoxic to human trabecular cells. This study shows proof of concept that 3DP can be used to print biocompatible and personalised ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Paleel
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 7BL, Belfast, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK
| | - Mengqi Qin
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK
| | | | - Cynthia Yu-Wai-Man
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, SE1 7EH, London, UK.
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Schiffer L, Arlt W, Storbeck KH. 5α-reduction of epitestosterone is catalysed by human SRD5A1 and SRD5A2 and increases androgen receptor transactivation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 241:106516. [PMID: 38582131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Epitestosterone is a stereoisomer of the active androgen testosterone and its circulating concentrations are similar to those of testosterone in women and children. However, its biological function and pathways of metabolism remain unknown. The structural similarity to testosterone suggests a potential function in the modulation of androgen receptor signalling. It is well established that the conversion of testosterone to 5α-dihydrotestosterone enhances local androgen receptor signalling. In this study, we show that epitestosterone is metabolized to 5α-dihydroepitestosterone by both human steroid 5α-reductase isoforms, SRD5A1 and SRD5A2. Using two different variations of a reporter assay for transactivation of the human androgen receptor, we show that epitestosterone is a partial AR agonist and that the 5α-reduction of epitestosterone increases its androgenic activity. In line with this, we show that 5α-reduction of epitestosterone reduces its ability to antagonize 5α-dihydrotestosterone-induced androgen receptor transactivation. In conclusion, we provide evidence that steroid 5α-reductases regulate the modulatory effect of epitestosterone on androgen receptor signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schiffer
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Desai Sethi Urology Institute and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London W12 0HS, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Storbeck
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, London W12 0HS, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
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Kaiyrzhanov R, Rad A, Lin SJ, Bertoli-Avella A, Kallemeijn WW, Godwin A, Zaki MS, Huang K, Lau T, Petree C, Efthymiou S, Karimiani EG, Hempel M, Normand EA, Rudnik-Schöneborn S, Schatz UA, Baggelaar MP, Ilyas M, Sultan T, Alvi JR, Ganieva M, Fowler B, Aanicai R, Tayfun GA, Al Saman A, Alswaid A, Amiri N, Asilova N, Shotelersuk V, Yeetong P, Azam M, Babaei M, Monajemi GB, Mohammadi P, Samie S, Banu SH, Pinto Basto J, Kortüm F, Bauer M, Bauer P, Beetz C, Garshasbi M, Issa AH, Eyaid W, Ahmed H, Hashemi N, Hassanpour K, Herman I, Ibrohimov S, Abdul-Majeed BA, Imdad M, Isrofilov M, Kaiyal Q, Khan S, Kirmse B, Koster J, Lourenço CM, Mitani T, Moldovan O, Murphy D, Najafi M, Pehlivan D, Rocha ME, Salpietro V, Schmidts M, Shalata A, Mahroum M, Talbeya JK, Taylor RW, Vazquez D, Vetro A, Waterham HR, Zaman M, Schrader TA, Chung WK, Guerrini R, Lupski JR, Gleeson J, Suri M, Jamshidi Y, Bhatia KP, Vona B, Schrader M, Severino M, Guille M, Tate EW, Varshney GK, Houlden H, Maroofian R. Bi-allelic ACBD6 variants lead to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with progressive and complex movement disorders. Brain 2024; 147:1436-1456. [PMID: 37951597 PMCID: PMC10994533 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 6 (ACBD6) is ubiquitously expressed, plays a role in the acylation of lipids and proteins and regulates the N-myristoylation of proteins via N-myristoyltransferase enzymes (NMTs). However, its precise function in cells is still unclear, as is the consequence of ACBD6 defects on human pathophysiology. Using exome sequencing and extensive international data sharing efforts, we identified 45 affected individuals from 28 unrelated families (consanguinity 93%) with bi-allelic pathogenic, predominantly loss-of-function (18/20) variants in ACBD6. We generated zebrafish and Xenopus tropicalis acbd6 knockouts by CRISPR/Cas9 and characterized the role of ACBD6 on protein N-myristoylation with myristic acid alkyne (YnMyr) chemical proteomics in the model organisms and human cells, with the latter also being subjected further to ACBD6 peroxisomal localization studies. The affected individuals (23 males and 22 females), aged 1-50 years, typically present with a complex and progressive disease involving moderate-to-severe global developmental delay/intellectual disability (100%) with significant expressive language impairment (98%), movement disorders (97%), facial dysmorphism (95%) and mild cerebellar ataxia (85%) associated with gait impairment (94%), limb spasticity/hypertonia (76%), oculomotor (71%) and behavioural abnormalities (65%), overweight (59%), microcephaly (39%) and epilepsy (33%). The most conspicuous and common movement disorder was dystonia (94%), frequently leading to early-onset progressive postural deformities (97%), limb dystonia (55%) and cervical dystonia (31%). A jerky tremor in the upper limbs (63%), a mild head tremor (59%), parkinsonism/hypokinesia developing with advancing age (32%) and simple motor and vocal tics were among other frequent movement disorders. Midline brain malformations including corpus callosum abnormalities (70%), hypoplasia/agenesis of the anterior commissure (66%), short midbrain and small inferior cerebellar vermis (38% each) as well as hypertrophy of the clava (24%) were common neuroimaging findings. Acbd6-deficient zebrafish and Xenopus models effectively recapitulated many clinical phenotypes reported in patients including movement disorders, progressive neuromotor impairment, seizures, microcephaly, craniofacial dysmorphism and midbrain defects accompanied by developmental delay with increased mortality over time. Unlike ACBD5, ACBD6 did not show a peroxisomal localization and ACBD6-deficiency was not associated with altered peroxisomal parameters in patient fibroblasts. Significant differences in YnMyr-labelling were observed for 68 co- and 18 post-translationally N-myristoylated proteins in patient-derived fibroblasts. N-myristoylation was similarly affected in acbd6-deficient zebrafish and X. tropicalis models, including Fus, Marcks and Chchd-related proteins implicated in neurological diseases. The present study provides evidence that bi-allelic pathogenic variants in ACBD6 lead to a distinct neurodevelopmental syndrome accompanied by complex and progressive cognitive and movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Aboulfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar 009851, Iran
- Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sheng-Jia Lin
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Wouter W Kallemeijn
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Discovery Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Annie Godwin
- European Xenopus Resource Centre—XenMD, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kevin Huang
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tracy Lau
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Cassidy Petree
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Next Generation Genetic Polyclinic, Mashhad 1696700, Iran
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | | | - Ulrich A Schatz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, 81675, Germany
| | - Marc P Baggelaar
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Group, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- Department of BioEngineering, University of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 19130 Swat, Pakistan
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Islamia College University, 25000 Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, Children Hospital, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Raza Alvi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, Children Hospital, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Manizha Ganieva
- Department of Neurology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, 734063 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ben Fowler
- Imaging Core, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ruxandra Aanicai
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Gulsen Akay Tayfun
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Marmara University Medical School, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulaziz Al Saman
- Pediatric Neurology Department, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, 49046 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alswaid
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdullah Specialized Children’s Hospital, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nafise Amiri
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Nilufar Asilova
- Department of Neurology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, 734063 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Patra Yeetong
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Matloob Azam
- Pediatrics and Child Neurology, Wah Medical College, 47000 Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Meisam Babaei
- Department of Pediatrics, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-74877, Iran
| | | | - Pouria Mohammadi
- Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Ataxia Clinic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416634793, Iran
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411944961, Iran
| | - Saeed Samie
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Selina Husna Banu
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Development, Dr. M.R. Khan Shishu (Children) Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Jorge Pinto Basto
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fanny Kortüm
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mislen Bauer
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklas Children's Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA
| | - Peter Bauer
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Medical Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 1411944961, Iran
| | | | - Wafaa Eyaid
- Department of Genetics and Precision Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Ahmed
- Department of Genetics and Precision Medicine, King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 13131–99137 Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kazem Hassanpour
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 319 Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Isabella Herman
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 68010, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Pediatric Neurology, Neurogenetics and Rare Diseases, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Boys Town, NE 68131, USA
| | - Sherozjon Ibrohimov
- Department of Neurology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, 734063 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Ban A Abdul-Majeed
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics, The Pioneer Molecular Pathology Lab, Baghdad 10044, Iraq
| | - Maria Imdad
- Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University, 21300 Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Maksudjon Isrofilov
- Department of Neurology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, 734063 Dushanbe, Tajikistan
| | - Qassem Kaiyal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Clalit Health Care, 2510500 Haifa, Israel
| | - Suliman Khan
- Department of Medical Genetics, CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brian Kirmse
- SOM-Peds-Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson MS, 39216, USA
| | - Janet Koster
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers location AMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitario Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, 14096-160 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - David Murphy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Maryam Najafi
- Pediatrics Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 68010, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Miriam Schmidts
- Pediatrics Genetics Division, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Genome Research Division, Human Genetics Department, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adel Shalata
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, the Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 31048 Haifa, Israel
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, the Technion institution of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Mohammad Mahroum
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jawabreh Kassem Talbeya
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, the Simon Winter Institute for Human Genetics, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 31048 Haifa, Israel
- Department of Radiology, The Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa 31048, Israel
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Dayana Vazquez
- Division of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, Nicklas Children's Hospital, Miami, FL 33155, USA
| | - Annalisa Vetro
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Hans R Waterham
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers location AMC, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mashaya Zaman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology and Development, Dr. M.R. Khan Shishu (Children) Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Tina A Schrader
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Child Health Department, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Gleeson
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92025, USA
| | - Mohnish Suri
- Clinical Genetics Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Human Genetics Centre of Excellence, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Barbara Vona
- Tübingen Hearing Research Centre, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and Inner Ear Lab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schrader
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | | | - Matthew Guille
- European Xenopus Resource Centre—XenMD, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Discovery Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Khaled YS, Khot MI, Aiyappa-Maudsley R, Maisey T, Pramanik A, Tiernan J, Lintern N, Al-Enezi E, Shamsuddin SH, Tomlinson D, Coletta L, Millner PA, Hughes TA, Jayne DG. Photoactive imaging and therapy for colorectal cancer using a CEA-Affimer conjugated Foslip nanoparticle. Nanoscale 2024; 16:7185-7199. [PMID: 38506227 PMCID: PMC10993305 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04118b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Theranostic nanoparticles hold promise for simultaneous imaging and therapy in colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen can be used as a target for these nanoparticles because it is overexpressed in most colorectal cancers. Affimer reagents are synthetic proteins capable of binding specific targets, with additional advantages over antibodies for targeting. We fabricated silica nanoparticles using a water-in-oil microemulsion technique, loaded them with the photosensitiser Foslip, and functionalised the surface with anti-CEA Affimers to facilitate fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy of colorectal cancer. CEA-specific fluorescence imaging and phototoxicity were quantified in colorectal cancer cell lines and a LS174T murine xenograft colorectal cancer model. Anti-CEA targeted nanoparticles exhibited CEA-specific fluorescence in the LoVo, LS174T and HCT116 cell lines when compared to control particles (p < 0.0001). No toxicity was observed in LS174T cancer mouse xenografts or other organs. Following photo-irradiation, the anti-CEA targeted particles caused significant cell death in LoVo (60%), LS174T (90%) and HCT116 (70%) compared to controls (p < 0.0001). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) at 24 h in vivo showed a 4-fold reduction in tumour volume compared to control mouse xenografts (p < 0.0001). This study demonstrates the efficacy of targeted fluorescence imaging and PDT using Foslip nanoparticles conjugated to anti-CEA Affimer nanoparticles in in vitro and in vivo colorectal cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazan S Khaled
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - M Ibrahim Khot
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Thomas Maisey
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Arindam Pramanik
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Jim Tiernan
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicole Lintern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Eiman Al-Enezi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Shazana H Shamsuddin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Darren Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul A Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas A Hughes
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- School of Science, Technology and Health, York St John University, York, UK
| | - David G Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom.
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Curel CJM, Nobeli I, Thornton C. Leflunomide Treatment Does Not Protect Neural Cells following Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation (OGD) In Vitro. Cells 2024; 13:631. [PMID: 38607070 PMCID: PMC11011260 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) affects 2-3 per 1000 live births in developed countries and up to 26 per 1000 live births in developing countries. It is estimated that of the 750,000 infants experiencing a hypoxic-ischemic event during birth per year, more than 400,000 will be severely affected. As treatment options are limited, rapidly identifying new therapeutic avenues is critical, and repurposing drugs already in clinical use offers a fast-track route to clinic. One emerging avenue for therapeutic intervention in neonatal HI is to target mitochondrial dysfunction, which occurs early in the development of brain injury. Mitochondrial dynamics are particularly affected, with mitochondrial fragmentation occurring at the expense of the pro-fusion protein Optic Atrophy (OPA)1. OPA1, together with mitofusins (MFN)1/2, are required for membrane fusion, and therefore, protecting their function may also safeguard mitochondrial dynamics. Leflunomide, an FDA-approved immunosuppressant, was recently identified as an activator of MFN2 with partial effects on OPA1 expression. We, therefore, treated C17.2 cells with Leflunomide before or after oxygen-glucose deprivation, an in vitro mimic of HI, to determine its efficacy as a neuroprotection and inhibitor of mitochondrial dysfunction. Leflunomide increased baseline OPA1 but not MFN2 expression in C17.2 cells. However, Leflunomide was unable to promote cell survival following OGD. Equally, there was no obvious effect on mitochondrial morphology or bioenergetics. These data align with studies suggesting that the tissue and mitochondrial protein profile of the target cell/tissue are critical for taking advantage of the therapeutic actions of Leflunomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. M. Curel
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Irene Nobeli
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Claire Thornton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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228
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Milne TA. Chromatin and aberrant enhancer activity in KMT2A rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 86:102191. [PMID: 38579381 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
To make a multicellular organism, genes need to be transcribed at the right developmental stages and in the right tissues. DNA sequences termed 'enhancers' are crucial to achieve this. Despite concerted efforts, the exact mechanisms of enhancer activity remain elusive. Mixed lineage leukemia (MLL or KMT2A) rearrangements (MLLr), commonly observed in cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia, produce novel in-frame fusion proteins. Recent work has shown that the MLL-AF4 fusion protein drives aberrant enhancer activity at key oncogenes in ALL, dependent on the continued presence of MLL-AF4 complex components. As well as providing some general insights into enhancer function, these observations may also provide an explanation for transcriptional heterogeneity observed in MLLr patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK.
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229
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Cleaver J, Jeffery K, Klenerman P, Lim M, Handunnetthi L, Irani SR, Handel A. The immunobiology of herpes simplex virus encephalitis and post-viral autoimmunity. Brain 2024; 147:1130-1148. [PMID: 38092513 PMCID: PMC10994539 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is the leading cause of non-epidemic encephalitis in the developed world and, despite antiviral therapy, mortality and morbidity is high. The emergence of post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis reveals a new immunological paradigm in autoantibody-mediated disease. A reductionist evaluation of the immunobiological mechanisms in HSE is crucial to dissect the origins of post-viral autoimmunity and supply rational approaches to the selection of immunotherapeutics. Herein, we review the latest evidence behind the phenotypic progression and underlying immunobiology of HSE including the cytokine/chemokine environment, the role of pathogen-recognition receptors, T- and B-cell immunity and relevant inborn errors of immunity. Second, we provide a contemporary review of published patients with post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis from a combined cohort of 110 patients. Third, we integrate novel mechanisms of autoimmunization in deep cervical lymph nodes to explore hypotheses around post-HSE autoimmune encephalitis and challenge these against mechanisms of molecular mimicry and others. Finally, we explore translational concepts where neuroglial surface autoantibodies have been observed with other neuroinfectious diseases and those that generate brain damage including traumatic brain injury, ischaemic stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Overall, the clinical and immunological landscape of HSE is an important and evolving field, from which precision immunotherapeutics could soon emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cleaver
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Department of Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Ming Lim
- Children’s Neurosciences, Evelina London Children’s Hospital at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- Department Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Lahiru Handunnetthi
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Sarosh R Irani
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Adam Handel
- Oxford Autoimmune Neurology Group, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Department of Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Purba AK, Henderson M, Baxter A, Pearce A, Katikireddi SV. The Relationship Between Time Spent on Social Media and Adolescent Cigarette, E-cigarette, and Dual Use: A Longitudinal Analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae057. [PMID: 38569613 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To estimate the effect of social media use in 14 year olds on risk of and inequalities in cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use at 17 years, using the UK-representative Millennium Cohort Study (born 2000-2002). AIMS AND METHODS The relationship of time spent on social media (using questionnaires [n = 8987] and time-use-diaries [n = 2520]) with cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use was estimated using adjusted odds ratios (AORs) or relative risk ratios (ARRRs). Effect modification was examined (using parental education as an indicator for socioeconomic circumstances) by comparing adjusted risk differences within low and high-parental education groups. Analyses accounted for prespecified confounders (identified via directed acyclic graphs), baseline outcome measures (to address reverse causality), sample design, attrition, and item-missingness (through multiple imputation). RESULTS Time spent on social media was associated with increased risk of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use in a dose-response manner. Social media use for ≥2 hours/day (vs. 1-<30 minutes) was associated with increased cigarette (AOR 2.76 [95% confidence interval 2.19 to 3.48]), e-cigarette (3.24 [2.59 to 4.05]), and dual use (ARRR 4.11 [2.77 to 6.08]). The risk of cigarette use among 30 minutes-<1 hour/day users (vs. non-users) were smaller in those with high versus low parental education (ARDs 1.4% vs. 12.4%). Similar findings were observed across the higher time categories. Analyses using time-use-diaries, in complete case samples, and with additional adjustment for baseline outcome measures generally revealed similar findings. CONCLUSIONS After accounting for observed confounders and potential reverse causality, findings suggest social media use increases the risk of cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use in a dose-response manner. Guidance addressing adolescent online safety should be prioritized. IMPLICATIONS This study's identification of a dose-response relationship and differential effects across socioeconomic groups, could assist in the development of guidance on time spent on social media. The adverse effects of social media use on adolescent cigarette, e-cigarette, and dual use supports legislation aimed at promoting adolescent online safety. Study findings strengthen calls to prohibit social media marketing of nicotine-related products and importantly highlight the need to increase awareness and understanding of the underlying algorithms which drive adolescent exposure to nicotine-related content on social media to ensure they are functioning in a way that best serves the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Kaur Purba
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marion Henderson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Social Work and Social Policy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Baxter
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Pearce
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S Vittal Katikireddi
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Bentivegna F, Papachristou E, Flouri E. A scoping review on self-regulation and reward processing measured with gambling tasks: Evidence from the general youth population. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301539. [PMID: 38574098 PMCID: PMC10994357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aberrant reward processing and poor self-regulation have a crucial role in the development of several adverse outcomes in youth, including mental health disorders and risky behaviours. This scoping review aims to map and summarise the evidence for links between aspects and measures of reward processing and self-regulation among children and adolescents in the general population. Specifically, it examined the direct associations between self-regulation (emotional or cognitive regulation) and reward processing. Studies were included if participants were <18 years and representative of the general population. Quantitative measures were used for self-regulation, and gambling tasks were used for reward processing. Of the eighteen studies included only two were longitudinal. Overall, the direction of the significant relationships identified depended on the gambling task used and the self-regulation aspect explored. Emotional regulation was measured with self-report questionnaires only, and was the aspect with the most significant associations. Conversely, cognitive regulation was mainly assessed with cognitive assessments, and most associations with reward processing were non-significant, particularly when the cognitive regulation aspects included planning and organisational skills. Nonetheless, there was some evidence of associations with attention, cognitive control, and overall executive functioning. More longitudinal research is needed to draw accurate conclusions on the direction of the association between self-regulation and reward processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bentivegna
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios Papachristou
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Flouri
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, UCL Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Webster VL, Hemmings S, Pérez M, Fisher MC, Brown MJF, Farrer RA. Revealing the genome of the microsporidian Vairimorpha bombi, a potential driver of bumble bee declines in North America. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkae029. [PMID: 38334143 PMCID: PMC10989860 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pollinators are vital for food security and the maintenance of terrestrial ecosystems. Bumblebees are important pollinators across northern temperate, arctic, and alpine ecosystems, yet are in decline across the globe. Vairimorpha bombi is a parasite belonging to the fungal class Microsporidia that has been implicated in the rapid decline of bumblebees in North America, where it may be an emerging infectious disease. To investigate the evolutionary basis of pathogenicity of V. bombi, we sequenced and assembled its genome using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina technologies and performed phylogenetic and genomic evolutionary analyses. The genome assembly for V. bombi is 4.73 Mb, from which we predicted 1,870 protein-coding genes and 179 tRNA genes. The genome assembly has low repetitive content and low GC content. V. bombi's genome assembly is the smallest of the Vairimorpha and closely related Nosema genera, but larger than those found in the Encephalitozoon and Ordospora sister clades. Orthology and phylogenetic analysis revealed 18 core conserved single-copy microsporidian genes including the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) GCN5. Surprisingly, V. bombi was unique to the microsporidia in not encoding the second predicted HAT ESA1. The V. bombi genome assembly annotation included 265 unique genes (i.e. not predicted in other microsporidia genome assemblies), 20% of which encode a secretion signal, which is a significant enrichment. Intriguingly, of the 36 microsporidian genomes we analyzed, 26 also had a significant enrichment of secreted signals encoded by unique genes, ranging from 6 to 71% of those predicted genes. These results suggest that microsporidia are under selection to generate and purge diverse and unique genes encoding secreted proteins, potentially contributing to or facilitating infection of their diverse hosts. Furthermore, V. bombi has 5/7 conserved spore wall proteins (SWPs) with its closest relative V. ceranae (that primarily infects honeybees), while also uniquely encoding four additional SWPs. This gene class is thought to be essential for infection, providing both environmental protection and recognition and uptake into the host cell. Together, our results show that SWPs and unique genes encoding a secretion signal are rapidly evolving in the microsporidia, suggesting that they underpin key pathobiological traits including host specificity and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Samuel Hemmings
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Marta Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Matthew C Fisher
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, London TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Rhys A Farrer
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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Williams S, Kalakoutas A, Olusanya S, Schrage B, Tavazzi G, Carnicelli AP, Montero S, Vandenbriele C, Luk A, Lim HS, Bhagra S, Ott SC, Farrero M, Samsky MD, Kennedy JLW, Sen S, Agrawal R, Rampersad P, Coniglio A, Pappalardo F, Barnett C, Proudfoot AG. The management of heart failure cardiogenic shock: an international RAND appropriateness panel. Crit Care 2024; 28:105. [PMID: 38566212 PMCID: PMC10988801 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-024-04884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational data suggest that the subset of patients with heart failure related CS (HF-CS) now predominate critical care admissions for CS. There are no dedicated HF-CS randomised control trials completed to date which reliably inform clinical practice or clinical guidelines. We sought to identify aspects of HF-CS care where both consensus and uncertainty may exist to guide clinical practice and future clinical trial design, with a specific focus on HF-CS due to acute decompensated chronic HF. METHODS A 16-person multi-disciplinary panel comprising of international experts was assembled. A modified RAND/University of California, Los Angeles, appropriateness methodology was used. A survey comprising of 34 statements was completed. Participants anonymously rated the appropriateness of each statement on a scale of 1 to 9 (1-3 as inappropriate, 4-6 as uncertain and as 7-9 appropriate). RESULTS Of the 34 statements, 20 were rated as appropriate and 14 were rated as inappropriate. Uncertainty existed across all three domains: the initial assessment and management of HF-CS; escalation to temporary Mechanical Circulatory Support (tMCS); and weaning from tMCS in HF-CS. Significant disagreement between experts (deemed present when the disagreement index exceeded 1) was only identified when deliberating the utility of thoracic ultrasound in the immediate management of HF-CS. CONCLUSION This study has highlighted several areas of practice where large-scale prospective registries and clinical trials in the HF-CS population are urgently needed to reliably inform clinical practice and the synthesis of future societal HF-CS guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Williams
- Perioperative Medicine Department, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Antonis Kalakoutas
- Perioperative Medicine Department, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Segun Olusanya
- Perioperative Medicine Department, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Benedict Schrage
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anthony P Carnicelli
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Santiago Montero
- Acute Cardiovascular Care Unit, Cardiology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adriana Luk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoong Sern Lim
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sai Bhagra
- Advanced Heart Failure and Transplantation, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sascha C Ott
- Department of Cardiac Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, German Heart Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marc D Samsky
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jamie L W Kennedy
- Heart Failure / Transplant Program, Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Sounok Sen
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richa Agrawal
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Amanda Coniglio
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Christopher Barnett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alastair G Proudfoot
- Perioperative Medicine Department, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK.
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Samolej J, Mendonca DC, Upfold N, McElwee M, Landsberger M, Yakimovich A, Patel AH, Strang BL, Mercer J. Bisbenzimide compounds inhibit the replication of prototype and pandemic potential poxviruses. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0407223. [PMID: 38376353 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04072-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously identified the bisbenzimide Hoechst 33342 (H42) as a potent multi-stage inhibitor of the prototypic poxvirus, the vaccinia virus (VACV), and several parapoxviruses. A recent report showed that novel bisbenzimide compounds similar in structure to H42 could prevent human cytomegalovirus replication. Here, we assessed whether these compounds could also serve as poxvirus inhibitors. Using virological assays, we show that these bisbenzimide compounds inhibit VACV spread, plaque formation, and the production of infectious progeny VACV with relatively low cell toxicity. Further analysis of the VACV lifecycle indicated that the effective bisbenzimide compounds had little impact on VACV early gene expression but inhibited VACV late gene expression and truncated the formation of VACV replication sites. Additionally, we found that bisbenzimide compounds, including H42, can inhibit both monkeypox and a VACV mutant resistant to the widely used anti-poxvirus drug TPOXX (Tecovirimat). Therefore, the tested bisbenzimide compounds were inhibitors of both prototypic and pandemic potential poxviruses and could be developed for use in situations where anti-poxvirus drug resistance may occur. Additionally, these data suggest that bisbenzimide compounds may serve as broad-activity antiviral compounds, targeting diverse DNA viruses such as poxviruses and betaherpesviruses.IMPORTANCEThe 2022 mpox (monkeypox) outbreak served as a stark reminder that due to the cessation of smallpox vaccination over 40 years ago, most of the human population remains susceptible to poxvirus infection. With only two antivirals approved for the treatment of smallpox infection in humans, the need for additional anti-poxvirus compounds is evident. Having shown that the bisbenzimide H33342 is a potent inhibitor of poxvirus gene expression and DNA replication, here we extend these findings to include a set of novel bisbenzimide compounds that show anti-viral activity against mpox and a drug-resistant prototype poxvirus mutant. These results suggest that further development of bisbenzimides for the treatment of pandemic potential poxviruses is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Samolej
- Insititute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Diogo Correa Mendonca
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CVR-CRUSH, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole Upfold
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CVR-CRUSH, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marion McElwee
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CVR-CRUSH, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mariann Landsberger
- Insititute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Artur Yakimovich
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- CVR-CRUSH, MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Blair L Strang
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Mercer
- Insititute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Tandavanitj R, Setthapramote C, De Lorenzo G, Sanchez-Velazquez R, Clark JJ, Rocchi M, McInnes C, Kohl A, Patel AH. Virus-like particles of louping ill virus elicit potent neutralizing antibodies targeting multimers of viral envelope protein. Vaccine 2024; 42:2429-2437. [PMID: 38458875 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Louping ill virus (LIV) is a tick-borne flavivirus that predominantly causes disease in livestock, especially sheep in the British Isles. A preventive vaccine, previously approved for veterinary use but now discontinued, was based on an inactivated whole virion that likely provided protection by induction of neutralizing antibodies recognizing the viral envelope (E) protein. A major disadvantage of the inactivated vaccine was the need for high containment facilities for the propagation of infectious virus, as mandated by the hazard group 3 status of the virus. This study aimed to develop high-efficacy non-infectious protein-based vaccine candidates. Specifically, soluble envelope protein (sE), and virus-like particles (VLPs), comprised of the precursor of membrane and envelope proteins, were generated, characterized, and studied for their immunogenicity in mice. Results showed that the VLPs induced more potent virus neutralizing response compared to sE, even though the total anti-envelope IgG content induced by the two antigens was similar. Depletion of anti-monomeric E protein antibodies from mouse immune sera suggested that the neutralizing antibodies elicited by the VLPs targeted epitopes spanning the highly organized structure of multimer of the E protein, whereas the antibody response induced by sE focused on E monomers. Thus, our results indicate that VLPs represent a promising LIV vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepat Tandavanitj
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom; Biologicals Research Group, Research and Development Institute, The Government Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chayanee Setthapramote
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Giuditta De Lorenzo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jordan J Clark
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Rocchi
- Moredun Research Institute, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Colin McInnes
- Moredun Research Institute, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom; Departments of Vector Biology and Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Yii F, Strang N, Bernabeu MO, Dhillon B, MacGillivray T. Corneal biomechanics are not exclusively compromised in high myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024. [PMID: 38563586 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research assuming linearity has concluded that corneal biomechanics are compromised in high myopia. We investigated whether this assumption was appropriate and re-examined these associations across different levels of myopia. METHODS Myopic (spherical equivalent refraction, SER ≤ -0.50 D) eyes of 10,488 adults aged 40-69 years without any history of systemic and ocular conditions were identified in the UK Biobank. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was employed to test the linear association between corneal hysteresis (CH) or corneal resistance factor (CRF), separately, and SER while controlling for age, sex, corneal radius and intraocular pressure. Quantile regression (QR) was used to test the same set of associations across 49 equally spaced conditional quantiles of SER. RESULTS In OLS regression, each standard deviation (SD) decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.08 D (95% CI: 0.04-0.12; p < 0.001) and 0.10 D (95% CI: 0.04-0.15; p < 0.001) higher myopia, respectively. However, residual analysis indicated that the linearity assumption was violated. QR revealed no evidence of a significant association between CH/CRF and SER in low myopia, but a significant (p < 0.05) positive association became evident from -2.78 D (0.06 and 0.08 D higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF). The magnitude of association increased exponentially with increasing myopia: in the -5.03 D quantile, every SD decrease in CH and CRF was associated with 0.17 D (95% CI: 0.08-0.25; p < 0.001) and 0.21 D (95% CI: 0.10-0.31; p < 0.001) higher myopia. In the -8.63 D quantile, this further increased to 0.54 D (95% CI: 0.33-0.76; p < 0.001) and 0.67 D (95% CI: 0.41-0.93; p < 0.001) higher myopia per SD decrease in CH and CRF. CONCLUSIONS Corneal biomechanics appeared compromised from around -3.00 D. These changes were observed to be exponential with increasing myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Yii
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom MacGillivray
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Yii F, Nguyen L, Strang N, Bernabeu MO, Tatham AJ, MacGillivray T, Dhillon B. Factors associated with pathologic myopia onset and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024. [PMID: 38563652 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesise evidence across studies on factors associated with pathologic myopia (PM) onset and progression based on the META-analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification framework. METHODS Findings from six longitudinal studies (5-18 years) were narratively synthesised and meta-analysed, using odds ratio (OR) as the common measure of association. All studies adjusted for baseline myopia, age and sex at a minimum. The quality of evidence was rated using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. RESULTS Five out of six studies were conducted in Asia. There was inconclusive evidence of an independent effect (or lack thereof) of ethnicity and sex on PM onset/progression. The odds of PM onset increased with greater axial length (pooled OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.71-2.40; p < 0.001), older age (pooled OR: 1.07; 1.05-1.09; p < 0.001) and more negative spherical equivalent refraction, SER (OR: 0.77; 0.68-0.87; p < 0.001), all of which were supported by an acceptable level of evidence. Fundus tessellation was found to independently increase the odds of PM onset in a population-based study (OR: 3.02; 2.58-3.53; p < 0.001), although this was only supported by weak evidence. There was acceptable evidence that greater axial length (pooled OR: 1.23; 1.09-1.39; p < 0.001), more negative SER (pooled OR: 0.87; 0.83-0.92; p < 0.001) and higher education level (pooled OR: 3.17; 1.36-7.35; p < 0.01) increased the odds of PM progression. Other baseline factors found to be associated with PM progression but currently supported by weak evidence included age (pooled OR: 1.01), severity of myopic maculopathy (OR: 3.61), intraocular pressure (OR: 1.62) and hypertension (OR: 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Most PM risk/prognostic factors are not supported by an adequate evidence base at present (an indication that PM remains understudied). Current factors for which an acceptable level of evidence exists (limited in number) are unmodifiable in adults and lack personalised information. More longitudinal studies focusing on uncovering modifiable factors and imaging biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Yii
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Linda Nguyen
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Niall Strang
- Department of Vision Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Miguel O Bernabeu
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- The Bayes Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew J Tatham
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom MacGillivray
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Curle Ophthalmology Laboratory, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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Chiramba C, Möller DS, Lorenz CD, Chirombo RR, Mason AJ, Bester MJ, Gaspar ARM. Tryptophan End-Tagging Confers Antifungal Activity on a Tick-Derived Peptide by Triggering Reactive Oxygen Species Production. ACS Omega 2024; 9:15556-15572. [PMID: 38585074 PMCID: PMC10993377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
WHO has identified several Candida species including Candida albicans as critical priority fungal pathogens due to greater infection prevalence and formation of recalcitrant biofilms. Novel antifungal agents are urgently needed, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are being considered as potential alternatives, but inactivity in physiological salt environments, serum, and plasma often limits further therapeutic development. Tryptophan end-tagging is a strategy to overcome these limitations and is thought to selectively enhance membrane permeabilization in both fungal and bacterial plasma membranes. Here, we show that C-terminal tryptophan end-tagging of the tick-derived peptide Os-C transforms an inactive peptide into Os-C(W5), an antifungal peptide capable of preventing the formation of C. albicans biofilms. Mechanistic insight is provided by circular dichroism spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations, which demonstrate that tryptophan end-tagging alters the secondary structure of Os-C, while the latter reveals that end-tagging reduces interactions with, and insertion into, a model C. albicans membrane but promotes peptide aggregation on its surface. Interestingly, this leads to the induction of reactive oxygen species production rather than membrane permeabilization, and consequently, oxidative stress leads to cell wall damage. Os-C(W5) does not induce the hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Reduced cell adhesion and viability contribute to decreased biofilm extracellular matrix formation which, although reduced, is retained in the serum-containing medium. In this study, tryptophan end-tagging was identified as a promising strategy for enhancing the antifungal activity, including the biofilm inhibitory activity of Os-C against C. albicans in physiological salt environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Court
K. Chiramba
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Dalton S. Möller
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | | | - Rumbidzai R. Chirombo
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - A. James Mason
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, U.K.
| | - Megan J. Bester
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Anabella R. M. Gaspar
- Department
of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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239
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Ling SF, Yap CF, Nair N, Bluett J, Morgan AW, Isaacs JD, Wilson AG, Hyrich KL, Barton A, Plant D. A proteomics study of rheumatoid arthritis patients on etanercept identifies putative biomarkers associated with clinical outcome measures. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:1015-1021. [PMID: 37389432 PMCID: PMC10986807 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) are widely used in patients with RA, but response to bDMARDs is heterogeneous. The objective of this work was to identify pretreatment proteomic biomarkers associated with RA clinical outcome measures in patients starting bDMARDs. METHODS Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) was used to generate spectral maps of sera from patients with RA before and after 3 months of treatment with the bDMARD etanercept. Protein levels were regressed against RA clinical outcome measures, i.e. 28-joint DAS (DAS28) and its subcomponents and DAS28 <2.6 (i.e. remission). The proteins with the strongest evidence for association were analysed in an independent, replication dataset. Finally, subnetwork analysis was carried out using the Disease Module Detection algorithm and biological plausibility of identified proteins was assessed by enrichment analysis. RESULTS A total of 180 patients with RA were included in the discovery dataset and 58 in the validation dataset from a UK-based prospective multicentre study. Ten individual proteins were found to be significantly associated with RA clinical outcome measures. The association of T-complex protein 1 subunit η with DAS28 remission was replicated in an independent cohort. Subnetwork analysis of the 10 proteins from the regression analysis identified the ontological theme, with the strongest associations being with acute phase and acute inflammatory responses. CONCLUSION This longitudinal study of 180 patients with RA commencing etanercept has identified several putative protein biomarkers of treatment response to this drug, one of which was replicated in an independent cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F Ling
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Chuan Fu Yap
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - James Bluett
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ann W Morgan
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- NIHR In Vitro Diagnostic Co-operative, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony G Wilson
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Darren Plant
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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240
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Fussell JC, Jauniaux E, Smith RB, Burton GJ. Ambient air pollution and adverse birth outcomes: A review of underlying mechanisms. BJOG 2024; 131:538-550. [PMID: 38037459 PMCID: PMC7615717 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological data provide varying degrees of evidence for associations between prenatal exposure to ambient air pollutants and adverse birth outcomes (suboptimal measures of fetal growth, preterm birth and stillbirth). To assess further certainty of effects, this review examines the experimental literature base to identify mechanisms by which air pollution (particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone) could cause adverse effects on the developing fetus. It likely that this environmental insult impacts multiple biological pathways important for sustaining a healthy pregnancy, depending upon the composition of the pollutant mixture and the exposure window owing to changes in physiologic maturity of the placenta, its circulations and the fetus as pregnancy ensues. The current body of evidence indicates that the placenta is a target tissue, impacted by a variety of critical processes including nitrosative/oxidative stress, inflammation, endocrine disruption, epigenetic changes, as well as vascular dysregulation of the maternal-fetal unit. All of the above can disturb placental function and, as a consequence, could contribute to compromised fetal growth as well increasing the risk of stillbirth. Furthermore, given that there is often an increased inflammatory response associated with preterm labour, inflammation is a plausible mechanism mediating the effects of air pollution on premature delivery. In the light of increased urbanisation and an ever-changing climate, both of which increase ambient air pollution and negatively affect vulnerable populations such as pregnant individuals, it is hoped that the collective evidence may contribute to decisions taken to strengthen air quality policies, reductions in exposure to air pollution and subsequent improvements in the health of those not yet born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Fussell
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Jauniaux
- EGA Institute for Women's Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Mohn Centre for Children’s Health and Wellbeing, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge
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Marsall P, Fandrich M, Griesbaum J, Harries M, Lange B, Ascough S, Dayananda P, Chiu C, Remppis J, Ganzenmueller T, Renk H, Strengert M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Dulovic A. Development and validation of a respiratory syncytial virus multiplex immunoassay. Infection 2024; 52:597-609. [PMID: 38332255 PMCID: PMC10954859 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the leading causes of severe respiratory disease in infants and adults. While vaccines and monoclonal therapeutic antibodies either are or will shortly become available, correlates of protection remain unclear. For this purpose, we developed an RSV multiplex immunoassay that analyses antibody titers toward the post-F, Nucleoprotein, and a diverse mix of G proteins. METHODS A bead-based multiplex RSV immunoassay was developed, technically validated to standard FDA bioanalytical guidelines, and clinically validated using samples from human challenge studies. RSV antibody titers were then investigated in children aged under 2 and a population-based cohort. RESULTS Technical and clinical validation showed outstanding performance, while methodological developments enabled identification of the subtype of previous infections through use of the diverse G proteins for approximately 50% of samples. As a proof of concept to show the suitability of the assay in serosurveillance studies, we then evaluated titer decay and age-dependent antibody responses within population cohorts. CONCLUSION Overall, the developed assay shows robust performance, is scalable, provides additional information on infection subtype, and is therefore ideally suited to be used in future population cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Marsall
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Fandrich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Griesbaum
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Harries
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berit Lange
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), TI BBD, Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ascough
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pete Dayananda
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Remppis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Ganzenmueller
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanna Renk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Strengert
- Department of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Alex Dulovic
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.
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242
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Hitchcock C, Funk J, Cummins R, Patel SD, Catarino A, Takano K, Dalgleish T, Ewbank M. A deep learning quantification of patient specificity as a predictor of session attendance and treatment response to internet-enabled cognitive behavioural therapy for common mental health disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:485-491. [PMID: 38244796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing an individual's ability to focus on concrete, specific detail, thus reducing the tendency toward overly broad, decontextualised generalisations about the self and world, is a target within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). However, empirical investigation of the impact of within-treatment specificity on treatment outcomes is scarce. We evaluated whether the specificity of patient dialogue predicted a) end-of-treatment symptoms and b) session completion for CBT for common mental health issues. METHODS This preregistered (https://osf.io/agr4t) study trained a deep learning model to score the specificity of patient dialogue in transcripts from 353,614 internet-enabled CBT sessions for common mental health disorders, delivered on behalf of UK NHS services. Data were from obtained from 65,030 participants (n = 47,308 female, n = 241 unstated) aged 18-94 years (M = 34.69, SD = 12.35). Depressive disorders were the most common (39.1 %) primary diagnosis. Primary outcome was end-of-treatment score on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Secondary outcome was number of sessions attended. RESULTS Linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that increased patient specificity significantly predicted lower post-treatment symptoms on the PHQ-9, although the size and direction of the effect varied depending on the type of therapeutic activity being completed. Effect sizes were consistently small. Higher patient specificity was associated with completing a greater number of sessions. LIMITATIONS We are unable to infer causation from our data. CONCLUSIONS Although effect sizes were small, an effect of specificity was observed across common mental health disorders. Further studies are needed to explore whether encouraging patient specificity during CBT may provide an enhancement of treatment attendance and treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Hitchcock
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Julia Funk
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Ronan Cummins
- Ieso Digital Health, Jeffreys Building, Cowley Rd, Milton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shivam D Patel
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Catarino
- Ieso Digital Health, Jeffreys Building, Cowley Rd, Milton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keisuke Takano
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
| | - Tim Dalgleish
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Ewbank
- Ieso Digital Health, Jeffreys Building, Cowley Rd, Milton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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243
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Williams EH, Chakrabarti B. The integration of head and body cues during the perception of social interactions. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:776-788. [PMID: 37232389 PMCID: PMC10960325 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231181001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Humans spend a large proportion of time participating in social interactions. The ability to accurately detect and respond to human interactions is vital for social functioning, from early childhood through to older adulthood. This detection ability arguably relies on integrating sensory information from the interactants. Within the visual modality, directional information from a person's eyes, head, and body are integrated to inform where another person is looking and who they are interacting with. To date, social cue integration research has focused largely on the perception of isolated individuals. Across two experiments, we investigated whether observers integrate body information with head information when determining whether two people are interacting, and manipulated frame of reference (one of the interactants facing observer vs. facing away from observer) and the eye-region visibility of the interactant. Results demonstrate that individuals integrate information from the body with head information when perceiving dyadic interactions, and that integration is influenced by the frame of reference and visibility of the eye-region. Interestingly, self-reported autistics traits were associated with a stronger influence of body information on interaction perception, but only when the eye-region was visible. This study investigated the recognition of dyadic interactions using whole-body stimuli while manipulating eye visibility and frame of reference, and provides crucial insights into social cue integration, as well as how autistic traits affect cue integration, during perception of social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin H Williams
- Centre for Autism, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Bhismadev Chakrabarti
- Centre for Autism, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- India Autism Centre, Kolkata, India
- Department of Psychology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, India
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Battey E, Levy Y, Pollock RD, Pugh JN, Close GL, Kalakoutis M, Lazarus NR, Harridge SDR, Ochala J, Stroud MJ. Muscle fibre size and myonuclear positioning in trained and aged humans. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:549-561. [PMID: 38461483 PMCID: PMC10988734 DOI: 10.1113/ep091567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Changes in myonuclear architecture and positioning are associated with exercise adaptations and ageing. However, data on the positioning and number of myonuclei following exercise are inconsistent. Additionally, whether myonuclear domains (MNDs; i.e., the theoretical volume of cytoplasm within which a myonucleus is responsible for transcribing DNA) and myonuclear positioning are altered with age remains unclear. The aim of this investigation was to investigate relationships between age and activity status and myonuclear domains and positioning. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies from younger endurance-trained (YT) and older endurance-trained (OT) individuals were compared with age-matched untrained counterparts (YU and OU; OU samples were acquired during surgical operation). Serial, optical z-slices were acquired throughout isolated muscle fibres and analysed to give three-dimensional coordinates for myonuclei and muscle fibre dimensions. The mean cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibres from OU individuals was 33%-53% smaller compared with the other groups. The number of nuclei relative to fibre CSA was 90% greater in OU compared with YU muscle fibres. Additionally, scaling of MND volume with fibre size was altered in older untrained individuals. The myonuclear arrangement, in contrast, was similar across groups. Fibre CSA and most myonuclear parameters were significantly associated with age in untrained individuals, but not in trained individuals. These data indicate that regular endurance exercise throughout the lifespan might better preserve the size of muscle fibres in older age and maintain the relationship between fibre size and MND volumes. Inactivity, however, might result in reduced muscle fibre size and altered myonuclear parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Battey
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Yotam Levy
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ross D. Pollock
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jamie N. Pugh
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom StreetLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Graeme L. Close
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom StreetLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolUK
| | - Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Norman R. Lazarus
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Matthew J. Stroud
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and SciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Farag S, Yusuf IH, Kaukonen M, Taylor LJ, Charbel Issa P, MacLaren RE. Hypomorphic CDHR1 variants may result in retinitis pigmentosa with relative preservation of cone function. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:201-206. [PMID: 37728066 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2255265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) associated with biallelic variants in CDHR1 has rarely been reported, and detailed phenotyping data are not available. RP implies relative preservation of foveal cones, when compared to cone-rod dystrophy associated with biallelic null variants in CDHR1. We hypothesize that RP may occur in association with one or more hypomorphic CDHR1 alleles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective report of a 48-year-old patient with CDHR1-associated RP with a hypomorphic missense variant c.562 G>A, p. (Gly188Ser) and a novel, unreported variant affecting a canonical splice acceptor site (c.784-1 G>C). Clinical examination, multimodal retinal imaging, electroretinography, visual field testing, and mesopic microperimetry were undertaken 8 years apart. Scotopic microperimetry was also performed. The DNA sequence context of the variants was examined to identify theoretical CRISPR-Cas9 base-editing strategies. RESULTS The patient presented at 35 years with a 12-year history of nyctalopia. His best corrected visual acuity was 20/20. Clinical presentation, multimodal retinal imaging studies, electroretinography, and mesopic microperimetry were typical of a progressive rod-cone dystrophy (i.e. classic RP). There were no scotomas within the central field as would be expected at this age in CDHR1-associated cone-rod dystrophy. Scotopic microperimetry suggested some preservation of macular cone over rod function, although both were severely impaired. A suitable CRISPR adenine base editor was identified that could theoretically correct the missense variant c.562 G>A, p. (Gly188Ser). CONCLUSIONS CDHR1-associated RP shows a relative preservation of cone function in the presence of a presumed hypomorphic allele and may be considered a hypomorphic disease phenotype. Further work is required to identify modifying factors that determine disease phenotype since macular dystrophy, with relative sparing of rods, may also occur with hypomorphic CDHR1 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Farag
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Imran H Yusuf
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Kaukonen
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura J Taylor
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Charbel Issa
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E MacLaren
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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246
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Guy L, Caceres GA, Jackson T, Gorman S, Wilson J, Hsieh Y, Petty D, Harrison S, Pick S. Routine outcomes and evaluation of an 8-week outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitative therapy program for functional neurological disorder. J Neurol 2024; 271:1873-1884. [PMID: 38091087 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We report routinely collected outcome data from an 8-week outpatient rehabilitative therapy program. The aims of the intervention were to (1) reduce symptom severity and (2) improve functional mobility in adults with functional neurological disorder (FND). METHODS The program delivered individual physiotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and self-management sessions, group physiotherapy, and psychoeducation. Outcome measures included the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Data were analyzed retrospectively in accordance with routine service evaluation. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests assessed changes in outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 for all patients completing treatment (n = 45). For patients who attended the 3-month follow-up (n = 31), Friedman's ANOVA assessed overall change in outcomes over time. Post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank tests compared pairs of time-points (Weeks 1, 8, and 3-month follow-up). RESULTS Analyses of patients completing the program revealed significant improvements in scores between week 1 and week 8. Excluding the BBS, there were statistically significant improvements in all outcomes between weeks 1 and 8 and between weeks 1 and 3-month follow-up. DISCUSSION This outpatient therapy program provided effective treatment for FND. Patients reported reduced anxiety, depression, and functional impairment, as well as improved performance on most physiotherapy measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Guy
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gabriella A Caceres
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Temeika Jackson
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sean Gorman
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Wilson
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yvonne Hsieh
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Demelza Petty
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simon Harrison
- FiND Programme, Bethlem Royal Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Susannah Pick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AB, UK.
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Sonuga-Barke EJ, Chandler S, Lukito S, Kakoulidou M, Moore G, Cooper N, Matejko M, Jackson I, Balwani B, Boyens T, Poulton D, Harvey-Nguyen L, Baker S, Pavlopoulou G. Participatory translational science of neurodivergence: model for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism research. Br J Psychiatry 2024; 224:127-131. [PMID: 38362636 PMCID: PMC10933558 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2023.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are increasing calls for neurodivergent peoples' involvement in research into neurodevelopmental conditions. So far, however, this has tended to be achieved only through membership of external patient and public involvement (PPI) panels. The Regulating Emotions - Strengthening Adolescent Resilience (RE-STAR) programme is building a new participatory model of translational research that places young people with diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism at the heart of the research team so that they can contribute to shaping and delivering its research plan. AIMS To outline the principles on which the RE-STAR participatory model is based and describe its practical implementation and benefits, especially concerning the central role of members of the Youth Researcher Panel (Y-RPers). METHOD The model presented is a culmination of a 24-month process during which Y-RPers moved from advisors to co-researchers integrated within RE-STAR. It is shaped by the principles of co-intentionality. The account here was agreed following multiple iterative cycles of collaborative discussion between academic researchers, Y-RPers and other stakeholders. RESULTS Based on our collective reflections we offer general guidance on how to effectively integrate young people with diagnoses of ADHD and/or autism into the core of the translational research process. We also describe the specific theoretical, methodological and analytical benefits of Y-RPer involvement in RE-STAR. CONCLUSIONS Although in its infancy, RE-STAR has demonstrated the model's potential to enrich translational science in a way that can change our understanding of the relationship between autism, ADHD and mental health. When appropriately adapted we believe the model can be applied to other types of neurodivergence and/or mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Susie Chandler
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steve Lukito
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Myrofora Kakoulidou
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and Group for Research in Relationships in Neurodiversity (GRRAND), Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Maciej Matejko
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabel Jackson
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beta Balwani
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Tiegan Boyens
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dorian Poulton
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Luke Harvey-Nguyen
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; and DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Sylvan Baker
- Royal Central School of Speech & Drama, London, UK
| | - Georgia Pavlopoulou
- Group for Research in Relationships in Neurodiversity (GRRAND), Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK; and Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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248
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Whittaker TE, Moula SE, Bahal S, Bakri FG, Hayajneh WA, Daoud AK, Naseem A, Cavazza A, Thrasher AJ, Santilli G. Multidimensional Response Surface Methodology for the Development of a Gene Editing Protocol for p67 phox-Deficient Chronic Granulomatous Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2024; 35:298-312. [PMID: 38062734 PMCID: PMC7615834 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Replacing a faulty gene with a correct copy has become a viable therapeutic option as a result of recent progress in gene editing protocols. Targeted integration of therapeutic genes in hematopoietic stem cells has been achieved for multiple genes using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system and Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) to carry a donor template. Although this is a promising strategy to correct genetic blood disorders, it is associated with toxicity and loss of function in CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, which has hampered clinical application. Balancing the maximum achievable correction against deleterious effects on the cells is critical. However, multiple factors are known to contribute, and the optimization process is laborious and not always clearly defined. We have developed a flexible multidimensional Response Surface Methodology approach for optimization of gene correction. Using this approach, we could rapidly investigate and select editing conditions for CD34+ cells with the best possible balance between correction and cell/colony-forming unit (CFU) loss in a parsimonious one-shot experiment. This method revealed that using relatively low doses of AAV2/6 and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex, we can preserve the fitness of CD34+ cells and, at the same time, achieve high levels of targeted gene insertion. We then used these optimized editing conditions for the correction of p67phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an autosomal recessive disorder of blood phagocytic cells resulting in severe recurrent bacterial and fungal infections and achieved rescue of p67phox expression and functional correction of CD34+-derived neutrophils from a CGD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Whittaker
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shefta E Moula
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sameer Bahal
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Faris Ghalib Bakri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wail Ahmad Hayajneh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ammar Khaled Daoud
- Division of Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Asma Naseem
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessia Cavazza
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Santilli
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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249
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Meng Q, Bai W, O’Regan DP, Rueckert D. DeepMesh: Mesh-Based Cardiac Motion Tracking Using Deep Learning. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2024; 43:1489-1500. [PMID: 38064325 PMCID: PMC7615801 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2023.3340118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
3D motion estimation from cine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images is important for the assessment of cardiac function and the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Current state-of-the art methods focus on estimating dense pixel-/voxel-wise motion fields in image space, which ignores the fact that motion estimation is only relevant and useful within the anatomical objects of interest, e.g., the heart. In this work, we model the heart as a 3D mesh consisting of epi- and endocardial surfaces. We propose a novel learning framework, DeepMesh, which propagates a template heart mesh to a subject space and estimates the 3D motion of the heart mesh from CMR images for individual subjects. In DeepMesh, the heart mesh of the end-diastolic frame of an individual subject is first reconstructed from the template mesh. Mesh-based 3D motion fields with respect to the end-diastolic frame are then estimated from 2D short- and long-axis CMR images. By developing a differentiable mesh-to-image rasterizer, DeepMesh is able to leverage 2D shape information from multiple anatomical views for 3D mesh reconstruction and mesh motion estimation. The proposed method estimates vertex-wise displacement and thus maintains vertex correspondences between time frames, which is important for the quantitative assessment of cardiac function across different subjects and populations. We evaluate DeepMesh on CMR images acquired from the UK Biobank. We focus on 3D motion estimation of the left ventricle in this work. Experimental results show that the proposed method quantitatively and qualitatively outperforms other image-based and mesh-based cardiac motion tracking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Meng
- The Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wenjia Bai
- The Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London
| | - Declan P O’Regan
- The MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- The Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Germany
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250
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Alivernini S, Cañete JD, Bacardit J, Kurowska-Stolarska M. Using explainable artificial intelligence to predict and forestall flare in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Med 2024; 30:925-926. [PMID: 38361121 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02818-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Immunology Research Core Facility, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
- Division of Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Clinic and FCRB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Bacardit
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex BioSystems (ICOS) Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre Versus Arthritis (RACE), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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