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Huang X. Dynamics of labor and capital in AI vs. non-AI industries: A two-industry model analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295150. [PMID: 38266016 PMCID: PMC10807838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an imbalance in the development of artificial intelligence between industries. Compared to non-AI enterprise, AI- enterprise will save labor, enhance innovation capabilities, and improve production efficiency. By constructing a two-industry model of AI and non-AI enterprise, this paper finds that with the development of artificial intelligence in the same industry, the AI enterprise will occupy a dominant position, attracting labor and capital from the non-AI enterprise into the AI enterprise. In different industries, the development of artificial intelligence improves the production efficiency of the enterprise. However, due to the price effect, non-AI enterprise benefits more. Labor and capital flow from AI enterprise to non-AI enterprise. In order to promote the improvement of production efficiency in the whole society, the government can tax non-AI enterprise and subsidize them to AI enterprise. Taxation promotes the degree of automation and the improvement of production efficiency, but it has only a short-term effect on the development of AI. At the same time, taxation inhibits the development of non-AI enterprise, and there is a high risk of unemployment. When both industries use artificial intelligence for production, the labor share and the capital share of the two industries will tend to the same value. The convergence of technology measures is conducive to increasing labor income share and reducing income inequality, but it is not conducive to innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- School of Finance and Information, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, China
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202
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Li X(L, Alahmari A, Schivinski B. Place branding: Religion in shaping the three-dimensional essence of a city brand through stakeholder engagement. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296162. [PMID: 38261567 PMCID: PMC10805314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the role of religion in engaging stakeholders in branding a place on social media and unmasks what implications this has for (re)constructing the three-dimensional meanings of a place brand. Using the content analysis method to examine the case of Saudi Arabia, it probes how the key stakeholder groups of the government and the residents structure and interact with the narratives of the cities-Jeddah and Riyadh-on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The results show the Islamic religion serves as a powerful tool for motivating the residents to engage in the government-led city branding initiatives at the individual level. However, the strategy of dwelling on religion to mobilize resident engagement at the individual level towards the social level with the aim of growing resources in support of social development should be reassessed within a dynamic social system. Theoretically, the proposed framework of religion city branding expands the scope of stakeholder engagement in place branding research through the integration with the driver of religion, especially unveiling how religious factors shape the personality traits of a place brand. It contributes to the practical sense that religious elements might be deployed by the key stakeholder groups of the government and residents in city branding initiatives, which potentially contributes to their relationship and the engagement of residents in co-creating a place brand with the government. This Saudi-focused study, therefore, possesses significance for place branding practices in Middle Eastern countries and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufang (Leah) Li
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abdullah Alahmari
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Media and Communication science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Schivinski
- School of Media and Communication, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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203
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Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wang S, Xu Z, Feng Z. Trend analysis and prediction of gonorrhea in mainland China based on a hybrid time series model. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:113. [PMID: 38253998 PMCID: PMC10802032 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gonorrhea has long been a serious public health problem in mainland China that requires attention, modeling to describe and predict its prevalence patterns can help the government to develop more scientific interventions. METHODS Time series (TS) data of the gonorrhea incidence in China from January 2004 to August 2022 were collected, with the incidence data from September 2021 to August 2022 as the validation. The seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model, long short-term memory network (LSTM) model, and hybrid SARIMA-LSTM model were used to simulate the data respectively, the model performance were evaluated by calculating the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the training and validation sets of the models. RESULTS The Seasonal components after data decomposition showed an approximate bimodal distribution with a period of 12 months. The three models identified were SARIMA(1,1,1) (2,1,2)12, LSTM with 150 hidden units, and SARIMA-LSTM with 150 hidden units, the SARIMA-LSTM model fitted best in the training and validation sets, for the smallest MAPE, RMSE, and MPE. CONCLUSIONS The overall incidence trend of gonorrhea in mainland China has been on the decline since 2004, with some periods exhibiting an upward trend. The incidence of gonorrhea displays a seasonal distribution, typically peaking in July and December each year. The SARIMA model, LSTM model, and SARIMA-LSTM model can all fit the monthly incidence time series data of gonorrhea in mainland China. However, in terms of predictive performance, the SARIMA-LSTM model outperforms the SARIMA and LSTM models, with the LSTM model surpassing the SARIMA model. This suggests that the SARIMA-LSTM model can serve as a preferred tool for time series analysis, providing evidence for the government to predict trends in gonorrhea incidence. The model's predictions indicate that the incidence of gonorrhea in mainland China will remain at a high level in 2024, necessitating that policymakers implement public health measures in advance to prevent the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhende Wang
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shengkui Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Zibo Hospital of Shandong Health Group, Zibo, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
- National Key Laboratory Of Intelligent Tracking And Forecasting For Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - ZiJian Feng
- Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, Beijing, China.
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204
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Moreno-Godínez ME, Flores-Alfaro E, Parra-Rojas I, Medina-Diaz IM, Rojas-García AE, Avilés-Ramírez C, Campos-Viguri G, Ramírez-Vargas MA. Trends on deaths from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico, 2000-2021. Rev Bras Epidemiol 2024; 27:e240001. [PMID: 38265313 PMCID: PMC10798059 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720240001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVE To provide a comprehensive analysis of mortality trends from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico from 2000 through 2021. METHODS The governmental records of deaths from acute pesticide poisoning were used. The age-standardized years of life lost and aged-standardized mortality rates were estimated. Significant changes in trends of annual percentage change were identified using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Between 2000 and 2021, mortality was primarily observed in individuals aged 15 to 19 years. Males were the most affected. Self-inflicted pesticide poisoning was the primary registered reason for death. The age-standardized mortality rate from acute pesticide poisoning was reduced from 2012 to 2021 (APC: -4.4; p=0.003). CONCLUSION This report is the first study about the mortality rate from acute pesticide poisoning in Mexico. The results provided evidence to consider in developing laws to prevent acute pesticide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma. Elena Moreno-Godínez
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Chilpancingo,
México
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Chilpancingo,
México
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes,
Chilpancingo, México
| | - Irma Martha Medina-Diaz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y
Posgrado, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Nayarit,
México
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y
Posgrado, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Nayarit,
México
| | - Cristian Avilés-Ramírez
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Chilpancingo,
México
| | - Gabriela Campos-Viguri
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Chilpancingo,
México
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Facultad de Ciencias
Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Chilpancingo,
México
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205
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Sun H, Luo Y, Liu J, Bhuiyan MA. Digital inclusive finance, R&D investment, and green technology innovation nexus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297264. [PMID: 38241334 PMCID: PMC10798488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Green technology innovation is an effective means to achieve high-quality economic development. The impact and mechanism of digital financial inclusion on regional green technology innovation are tested using a threshold regression model and the panel fixed effect model, based on China's provincial Panel data (provincial Panel data are regional annual report data) from 2011 to 2020. According to the study, there is a direct link between local green technology innovation and digital financial inclusion. This paper highlights the differences in their influence by location and usage depth and underscores the necessity of government engagement to improve these characteristics. Information infrastructure needs to be strengthened, especially in areas with gaps. Greater investment in research and development (R&D) indirectly supports regional green technology innovation since it is impacted by digital financial inclusion. Interestingly, a threshold effect becomes most noticeable when digital financial inclusion rises above a particular threshold. Promoting utilizing digital financial inclusion to lessen regional differences in green technology innovation is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Sun
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yipei Luo
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan
- School of Economics, Guangdong University of Finance and Economics, Guangzhou, China
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206
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Xia J, Zhang L, Song Y. The impact of environmental regulatory instruments on agribusiness technology innovation-A study of configuration effects based on fsQCA. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294662. [PMID: 38236829 PMCID: PMC10796004 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the complex causal relationships between various types of environmental regulatory instruments (ERI) and agri-firms' technological innovation employing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The study finds a well-designed set of ERI can promote technological innovation in agribusiness; control-command ERI cannot promote technological innovation in agribusiness solely, market-incentivized ERI is indispensable in promoting firms' innovation performance, implicit ERI plays an important role in promoting firms' innovation and voluntary ERI does not play a significant role in promoting firms' technological innovation. The government should coordinate among various types of ERI and improve the design of ERI to achieve a win-win situation for both economic and environmental performance in the agriculture sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Xia
- School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Song
- School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
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207
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Roger C, Paul A, Fort E, Lamouroux C, Samal A, Spinosi J, Charbotel B. Changes in the European Union definition for endocrine disruptors: how many molecules remain a cause for concern? The example of crop protection products used in agriculture in France in the six last decades. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1343047. [PMID: 38292391 PMCID: PMC10826603 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1343047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The endocrine-disrupting effects of phytopharmaceutical active substances (PAS) on human health are a public health concern. The CIPATOX-PE database, created in 2018, listed the PAS authorized in France between 1961 and 2014 presenting endocrine-disrupting effects for humans according to data from official international organizations. Since the creation of CIPATOX-PE, European regulations have changed, and new initiatives identifying substances with endocrine-disrupting effects have been implemented and new PAS have been licensed. Objectives The study aimed to update the CIPATOX-PE database by considering new 2018 European endocrine-disrupting effect identification criteria as well as the new PAS authorized on the market in France since 2015. Methods The endocrine-disrupting effect assessment of PAS from five international governmental and non-governmental initiatives was reviewed, and levels of evidence were retained by these initiatives for eighteen endocrine target organs. Results The synthesis of the identified endocrine-disrupting effects allowed to assign an endocrine-disrupting effect level of concern for 241 PAS among 980 authorized in France between 1961 and 2021. Thus, according to the updated CIPATOX-PE data, 44 PAS (18.3%) had an endocrine-disrupting effect classified as "high concern," 133 PAS (55.2%) "concern," and 64 PAS (26.6%) "unknown effect" in the current state of knowledge. In the study, 42 PAS with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" are similarly classified in CIPATOX-PE-2018 and 2021, and 2 new PAS were identified as having an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" in the update, and both were previously classified with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "concern" in CIPATOX-PE-2018. Finally, a PAS was identified as having an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" in CIPATOX-PE-2018 but is now classified as a PAS not investigated for endocrine-disrupting effects in CIPATOX-PE-2021. The endocrine target organs associated with the largest number of PAS with an endocrine-disrupting effect of "high concern" is the reproductive system with 31 PAS. This is followed by the thyroid with 25 PAS and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (excluding the gonadotropic axis) with 5 PAS. Discussion The proposed endocrine-disrupting effect indicator, which is not a regulatory classification, can be used as an epidemiological tool for occupational risks and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cloé Roger
- University Lyon, Umrestte UMR T 9405 (University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Gustave Eiffel), Lyon, France
| | - Adèle Paul
- University Lyon, Umrestte UMR T 9405 (University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Gustave Eiffel), Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Fort
- University Lyon, Umrestte UMR T 9405 (University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Gustave Eiffel), Lyon, France
| | - Céline Lamouroux
- University Lyon, Umrestte UMR T 9405 (University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Gustave Eiffel), Lyon, France
- CRPPE de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
| | - Areejit Samal
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Johan Spinosi
- Santé Publique France, French National Public Health Agency, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- University Lyon, Umrestte UMR T 9405 (University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 and Gustave Eiffel), Lyon, France
- CRPPE de Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Lyon, France
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208
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Kmietowicz Z. Consultants in HCSA reject government pay offer. BMJ 2024; 384:q110. [PMID: 38228332 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
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209
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The next government must put health at the heart of all policies. BMJ 2024; 384:q96. [PMID: 38224976 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
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210
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Cohen D, McCartney M. Inclisiran: Government's strategy to promote cholesterol lowering drug after Brexit was "spectacular failure," says insider. BMJ 2024; 384:q90. [PMID: 38216214 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
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211
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Agustina R, Rianda D, Lamuri A, Ekawidyani KR, Siregar DAS, Sari DS, Wulan PM, Devana ND, Syam AF, Rahyussalim AJ, Handayani DO, Widyastuti W, Shankar AH, Salama N. The impact of government pandemic policies on the vulnerability of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality in Jakarta Province, Indonesia. Ann Med 2024; 55:2293306. [PMID: 38206905 PMCID: PMC10786428 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2293306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic, putting them at a higher risk of infection and disease than non-HCWs. We analysed the effects of government policies for the public and for HCWs on the likelihood of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and mortality among HCWs during the first 8 months of the pandemic in Jakarta province, the capital city and COVID-19 hotspot in Indonesia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study using secondary data from the Jakarta provincial government from March to October 2020, which included sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities and COVID-19 diagnosis history for all cases. A generalized linear mixed-effect regression model was used to determine the effect of each month on the odds ratio (OR) of COVID-19 cases and deaths for HCW compared with non-HCW, assuming that monthly trends were influenced by varying government policies. RESULTS A total of 894,487 suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases in health facilities in Jakarta province were analysed. The OR of confirmed cases for HCW was 2.04 (95% CI 2.00-2.08; p < .001) compared to non-HCW. Despite this higher OR for infection, the case fatality rate (2.32 per 100) and OR (1.02, 95% CI 0.93-1.11; p = .65) of COVID-19 deaths for HCW were similar to those of non-HCW. We observed a trend towards a lower number of COVID-19 patients in hospitals and lower odds of COVID-19 cases among HCWs during the April-to-July 2020 phase compared to the August-to-October phase. This chronologically aligned with more extensive policies to support hospital-based, community-based and well-being-related actions to protect HCW. CONCLUSIONS HCW had higher odds of having SARS-CoV-2 infection, yet similar odds of death from COVID-19, as compared to non-HCW. Government policies with collective efforts to prevent hospital overcapacity during high transmission and burden periods of the pandemic should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Agustina
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Davrina Rianda
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aly Lamuri
- Big Data Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (BDC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karina Rahmadia Ekawidyani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Deviana Ayushinta Sani Siregar
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dyana Santika Sari
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Prashti Mutia Wulan
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute (HNRC-IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Natasha Dianasari Devana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ari Fahrial Syam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Jabir Rahyussalim
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Anuraj Harish Shankar
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit – Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ngabila Salama
- Health Office, Government of Jakarta Province, Jakarta, Indonesia
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212
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Liu H, Ma F, Chen X. How social organizations participate in social governance in China: Official media's attention distribution analysis (1949-2021). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295322. [PMID: 38206954 PMCID: PMC10783737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The attitude of the Chinese government towards social organizations (SOs) is crucial, as it affects the management rule and development tendency of SOs. To research the rule of SOs' participation in social governance in China, this study used a new historical perspective, the institutional development perspective, to conduct its exploration. This perspective provides an accurate measure of the reality of the SOs' participation, as it involves a mixed research methodology using continuous data from 73 years of reports and content mining, as well as topic clustering analysis to reveal a macroscopic and multi-line picture. Using a co-word analysis of hundreds of reports, from 1949-2021, in the People's Daily, an official newspaper of the Communist Party of China, this study quantified changes in intensity, emotion, and content regarding social organization participation in social governance through topic distribution. Three trends were revealed: (1) "social-oriented character" and "organized-oriented character" were identified during the change in SOs; (2) the extent of being managed gradually strengthened and shifted from the Communist Youth League of China to the Community Party of China; (3) the goals of SOs shifted from general to innovated function in special charitable organizations. The institutional development perspective can complement the focus event perspective, including a new method, co-word analysis, to examine official Chinese media and validate the Administrative Absorption of Society (AAS) theory by identifying two lines of topic clustering trends. The attention distribution analysis in official media from an institutional development perspective can help explore the role of official media reports in analyzing the allocation of national attention and provide new analytical methods for big data mining to establish the social and organizational natures of SOs to optimize their roles. It offers a basis for modern social governance policy innovation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangjuan Liu
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Fujun Ma
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- School of Physical Education, XiHua University, PiDu District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China
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213
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Sharma KM, Jones PB, Cumming J, Middleton L. Key elements and contextual factors that influence successful implementation of large-system transformation initiatives in the New Zealand health system: a realist evaluation. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:54. [PMID: 38200522 PMCID: PMC10782523 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite three decades of policy initiatives to improve integration of health care, delivery of health care in New Zealand remains fragmented, and health inequities persist for Māori and other high priority populations. An evidence base is needed to increase the chances of success with implementation of large-system transformation (LST) initiatives in a complex adaptive system. METHODS This research aimed to identify key elements that support implementation of LST initiatives, and to investigate contextual factors that influence these initiatives. The realist logic of enquiry, nested within the macro framing of complex adaptive systems, formed the overall methodology for this research and involved five phases: theory gleaning from a local LST initiative, literature review, interviews, workshop, and online survey. NVivo software programme was used for thematic analysis of the interview, workshop, and the survey data. We identified key elements and explained variations in success (outcomes) by identifying mechanisms triggered by various contexts in which LST initiatives are implemented. RESULTS The research found that a set of 10 key elements need to be present in the New Zealand health system to increase chances of success with implementation of LST initiatives. These are: (i) an alliancing way of working; (ii) a commitment to te Tiriti o Waitangi; (iii) an understanding of equity; (iv) clinical leadership and involvement; (v) involved people, whānau, and community; (vi) intelligent commissioning; (vii) continuous improvement; (viii) integrated health information; (ix) analytic capability; and (x) dedicated resources and time. The research identified five contextual factors that influenced implementation of LST initiatives: a history of working together, distributed leadership from funders, the maturity of Alliances, capacity and capability for improvement, and a continuous improvement culture. The research found that the key mechanism of trust is built and nurtured over time through sharing of power by senior health leaders by practising distributed leadership, which then creates a positive history of working together and increases the maturity of Alliances. DISCUSSION Two authors (KMS and PBJ) led the development and implementation of the local LST initiative. This prior knowledge and experience provided a unique perspective to the research but also created a conflict of interest and introduced potential bias, these were managed through a wide range of data collection methods and informed consent from participants. The evidence-base for successful implementation of LST initiatives produced in this research contains knowledge and experience of senior system leaders who are often in charge of leading these initiatives. This evidence base enables decision makers to make sense of complex processes involved in the successful implementation of LST initiatives. CONCLUSIONS Use of informal trust-based networks provided a critical platform for successful implementation of LST initiatives in the New Zealand health system. Maturity of these networks relies on building and sustaining high-trust relationships among the network members. The role of local and central agencies and the government is to provide the policy settings and conditions in which trust-based networks can flourish. OTHER This study was approved by the Victoria University of Wellington Human Ethics Committee (Ethics Approval Number 27,356). The research was supported by the Victoria University of Wellington research grant (222,809) and from the University of Auckland Department of Medicine research fund (H10779).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan M Sharma
- Te Tai Ōhanga- The Treasury, 1 The Terrace, 6011, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Peter B Jones
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 34 Princes Street, Auckland CBD, 1010, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Cumming
- Health Services Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, 6012, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Middleton
- Faculty of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, 6012, Kelburn, Wellington, New Zealand
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Carrandi A, Bull C, Hu Y, Grzeskowiak LE, Teede H, Black K, Callander E. Patterns in the provision of government-subsidised hormonal postpartum contraception in Queensland, Australia between 2012 and 2018: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2024; 50:13-20. [PMID: 37353310 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2023-201830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short birth intervals and unintended pregnancy are associated with poorer maternal and infant outcomes. There is a risk of pregnancy during the immediate postpartum period unless contraception is initiated. This retrospective cohort study aimed to capture the current patterns of hormonal contraceptive provision within 12 months postpartum in a high-income country. METHODS We used a linked administrative dataset comprising all women who gave birth in Queensland, Australia between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2018 (n=339 265 pregnancies). We described our cohort by whether they were provided with government-subsidised hormonal contraception within 12 months postpartum. The associations between hormonal postpartum contraceptive provision and demographic and clinical characteristics were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression and presented in terms of crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS A majority of women (60.2%) were not provided with government-subsidised hormonal postpartum contraception within 12 months postpartum. Women who were younger (<25 years), were overweight or obese, smoked, were born in Australia, were non-Indigenous, gave birth in a public hospital, or were in the lowest socioeconomic status group were more likely to be provided with postpartum contraception after adjusting for other covariates, compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Strategies to increase the provision and uptake of contraception in the immediate postpartum period are needed to prevent short birth intervals and unintended pregnancy and ensure women's fertility intentions are enacted. Ongoing research is needed to examine the factors influencing women's access to contraceptive services and, further, the types of contraception provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alayna Carrandi
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Bull
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yanan Hu
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luke E Grzeskowiak
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Monash University Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten Black
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emily Callander
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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215
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Lin J, Gong K, Chen C. Towards integrated sustainability for China's rural revitalization: an analysis of income inequality and public health. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1328821. [PMID: 38259758 PMCID: PMC10800403 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1328821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being are paramount among the priorities outlined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established by the United Nations. In China, rural revitalization stands as a pivotal national strategy aimed at fostering prosperity and sustainable development in rural areas. Despite its comprehensive evaluation system, which encompasses industry, ecology, culture, organization, and livelihood, the current index system overlooks the critical dimension of public health in rural areas. The existing body of literature predominantly focuses on the correlation between income and health, leaving a gap in understanding the relationship between income inequality and health from the perspective of villagers. This study addresses this gap by utilizing data from 3,771 villager samples and 302 village samples obtained from the 2019 China Rural Revitalization Survey (CRRS) to explore the correlation between income inequality and public health in China's rural areas. Methods We employ the Ordered Logistic Regression (Ologit) model in the baseline regression and heterogeneity analysis. Additionally, a mediating effect analysis, using the Sobel test, examines the role of villagers' health awareness as a mediating variable in the correlation between income inequality and villagers' health. Results The empirical findings of this study unveil a statistically significant adverse influence of income inequality on public health in China's rural areas. Furthermore, the research identifies that participation in regular exercise and the attainment of higher education levels serve as effective measures to alleviate the detrimental impact of income inequality on the health of rural residents. Additionally, income inequality is observed to shape villagers' health awareness, thereby influencing their overall health status. Conclusion The study's outcomes have significant implications for policymakers and governmental authorities, providing valuable insights into some pathways for enhancing public health in rural China. Ultimately, these insights contribute to the broader objective of achieving integrated sustainability in rural China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- School of Business, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuiyuan Gong
- Rural Revitalization Research Center, School of Business, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangbin Chen
- Rural Revitalization Research Center, School of Business, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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216
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Galvez-Hernandez P, Gonzalez-Viana A, Gonzalez-de Paz L, Shankardass K, Muntaner C. Generating Contextual Variables From Web-Based Data for Health Research: Tutorial on Web Scraping, Text Mining, and Spatial Overlay Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e50379. [PMID: 38190245 PMCID: PMC10804251 DOI: 10.2196/50379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contextual variables that capture the characteristics of delimited geographic or jurisdictional areas are vital for health and social research. However, obtaining data sets with contextual-level data can be challenging in the absence of monitoring systems or public census data. OBJECTIVE We describe and implement an 8-step method that combines web scraping, text mining, and spatial overlay analysis (WeTMS) to transform extensive text data from government websites into analyzable data sets containing contextual data for jurisdictional areas. METHODS This tutorial describes the method and provides resources for its application by health and social researchers. We used this method to create data sets of health assets aimed at enhancing older adults' social connections (eg, activities and resources such as walking groups and senior clubs) across the 374 health jurisdictions in Catalonia from 2015 to 2022. These assets are registered on a web-based government platform by local stakeholders from various health and nonhealth organizations as part of a national public health program. Steps 1 to 3 involved defining the variables of interest, identifying data sources, and using Python to extract information from 50,000 websites linked to the platform. Steps 4 to 6 comprised preprocessing the scraped text, defining new variables to classify health assets based on social connection constructs, analyzing word frequencies in titles and descriptions of the assets, creating topic-specific dictionaries, implementing a rule-based classifier in R, and verifying the results. Steps 7 and 8 integrate the spatial overlay analysis to determine the geographic location of each asset. We conducted a descriptive analysis of the data sets to report the characteristics of the assets identified and the patterns of asset registrations across areas. RESULTS We identified and extracted data from 17,305 websites describing health assets. The titles and descriptions of the activities and resources contained 12,560 and 7301 unique words, respectively. After applying our classifier and spatial analysis algorithm, we generated 2 data sets containing 9546 health assets (5022 activities and 4524 resources) with the potential to enhance social connections among older adults. Stakeholders from 318 health jurisdictions registered identified assets on the platform between July 2015 and December 2022. The agreement rate between the classification algorithm and verified data sets ranged from 62.02% to 99.47% across variables. Leisure and skill development activities were the most prevalent (1844/5022, 36.72%). Leisure and cultural associations, such as social clubs for older adults, were the most common resources (878/4524, 19.41%). Health asset registration varied across areas, ranging between 0 and 263 activities and 0 and 265 resources. CONCLUSIONS The sequential use of WeTMS offers a robust method for generating data sets containing contextual-level variables from internet text data. This study can guide health and social researchers in efficiently generating ready-to-analyze data sets containing contextual variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Galvez-Hernandez
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Luis Gonzalez-de Paz
- Primary Healthcare Transversal Research Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Consorci d'Atenció Primària de Salut Barcelona Esquerra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ketan Shankardass
- Department of Heath Sciences, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carles Muntaner
- Lawrence S Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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217
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Bermejo-Patón F, del Pozo-Rubio R, Amo-Saus ME, Moya-Martínez P. The recovery and resilience plan on the long-term care system. Towards a deinstitutionalization? Front Public Health 2024; 11:1130132. [PMID: 38259767 PMCID: PMC10800364 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction After the crisis caused by Covid-19, among other socioeconomic problems, the fragility of the organizations that make up the Spanish Long-Term Care System was revealed. These events prompted the Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP). The aim of this study is to estimate the socioeconomic impact on Long-Term Care (LTC) of the investment delivered by the RRP. In addition, to fulfil our main aim, a secondary and necessary aim was to calculate the most current social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish economy. Methods We analyse the components of the demand linked to the RRP investment allocated to LTC, and subsequently, based on Input-Output methodology, we calculate a social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Spanish economy to estimate the overall economic return. Results The results obtained using the SAM model proposed herein evidence the multiplier effect of the RRP invested in LTC. Every euro allocated to the RRP generates 4 euros in income for Households, Firms and the External Sector, 3.4 euros in industrial output, and returns 0.6 euros in taxes and social contributions to the Government. This also entails creating 26,410 direct and indirect jobs as well as 10,059 induced ones. Discussion Given the severe recession scenario triggered by the consequences of COVID-19, the results of this study highlight the significant multiplier effect that RRP investment may generate to alleviate the downturn in the Spanish economy and, more specifically, in the Spanish LTC System.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bermejo-Patón
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Social Sciences, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Cuenca, Spain
| | - Raúl del Pozo-Rubio
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Social Sciences, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Cuenca, Spain
| | - María Elisa Amo-Saus
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Economics and Business Administration Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Albacete, Spain
| | - Pablo Moya-Martínez
- Department of Economics and Finance, School of Social Sciences, Castilla-La Mancha University (UCLM), Cuenca, Spain
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218
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Zuccarelli J, Seaman L, Rader K. Assessing the Impact of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Consumer Mobility Patterns and COVID-19 Transmission in the US. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:67. [PMID: 38248532 PMCID: PMC10815148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The initial outbreak of COVID-19 during late December 2019 and the subsequent global pandemic markedly changed consumer mobility patterns worldwide, largely in response to government-ordered non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). In this study, we investigate these changes as they relate to the initial spread of COVID-19 within two states-Massachusetts and Michigan. Specifically, we use linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models to quantify the relationship between four NPIs and individuals' point-of-sale (POS) credit card transactions, as well as the relationship between subsequent changes in POS transactions and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Our analysis reveals a significant negative association between NPIs and daily POS transactions, particularly a dose-response relationship, in which stringent workplace closures, stay-at-home requirements, and gathering restrictions were all associated with decreased POS transactions. We also uncover a significant positive association between 12-day lagged changes in POS transactions compared to pre-pandemic baselines and county-level COVID-19 case growth rates. Overall, our study supports previous findings that early NPIs reduced human mobility and COVID-19 transmission in the US, providing policymakers with quantitative evidence concerning the effectiveness of NPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Zuccarelli
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Laura Seaman
- The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
| | - Kevin Rader
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;
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219
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Guo Z, Wang Q, Peng C, Zhuang S, Yang B. Willingness to accept metaverse safety training for construction workers based on extended UTAUT. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1294203. [PMID: 38269381 PMCID: PMC10807293 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1294203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Safety training (ST) is essential in avoiding unsafe behavior of construction workers. With the rise of metaverse technology, metaverse safety training (MST) has gradually become a new model to guide construction workers in safety production. An in-depth study of construction workers' willingness to accept the metaverse safety training (WAMST) helps improve its effectiveness, but studies need to pay more attention to it. This study constructs a conceptual model of WAMST for construction workers, and the influencing factors of WAMST are explained based on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). It established a Structural equation modeling to verify the relationship between influencing factors. An example verifies the feasibility of the model. The results show that the framework significantly contributes to the willingness of construction workers to participate and improves safety awareness. Specifically, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and convenient conditions significantly affect the construction workers' willingness to accept. Convenient conditions have a direct effect on actual behavior. Willingness to accept plays a mediating role between performance expectancy and actual behavior. Perceived trust moderates the effect between willingness to accept and actual behavior, and the force of positive interpretation increases proportionally. It confirms how to improve the safety capacity of construction workers and provides references for governments, enterprises, and projects to formulate ST strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxu Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinge Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Biao Yang
- Guangzhou Expressway Co., LTD., Guangdong, China
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220
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Mahase E. GLP-1 agonist shortage will last until end of 2024, government warns. BMJ 2024; 384:q28. [PMID: 38182266 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
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221
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Aassve A, Capezzone T, Cavalli N, Conzo P, Peng C. Social and political trust diverge during a crisis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:331. [PMID: 38172518 PMCID: PMC10764309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study shows that social and political trust may diverge in the face of shared threats, and that this pattern is driven by negative information about crisis management. Leveraging a three-wave panel survey and an information-provision experiment in the USA during the COVID-19 crisis, our research reveals that negative perceptions of pandemic management lead to a decline in political trust and a parallel increase in social trust. This dynamic is pronounced among government supporters, who, confronted with COVID-19 challenges, experience a substantial erosion of political trust. Simultaneously, there is a notable rise in social trust within this group. Our analysis suggests that, as government supporters attributed more responsibility for the crisis to their political leader, political trust was supplanted by social trust. Disenchanted voters, feeling let down by institutions, sought support in society. Both the survey and the experiment underscore that societal shocks can prompt individuals to shift from relying on formal institutions to informal ones as a coping strategy. This research contributes a generalizable framework explaining how negative perceptions of crisis management can lead societies to substitute political trust with social trust, advancing our understanding of societal responses to shared threats and adaptive strategies during crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnstein Aassve
- DONDENA Center for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Capezzone
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy
- Department Economics and Statistics "Cognetti de Martiis", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicolo' Cavalli
- DONDENA Center for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Conzo
- Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, Italy.
- Department Economics and Statistics "Cognetti de Martiis", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Chen Peng
- DONDENA Center for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policy, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy
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222
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Wise J. Antimicrobial resistance: MPs call on UK government to maximise potential of bacteriophages. BMJ 2024; 384:q12. [PMID: 38171590 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
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223
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Lim AH, Ab Rahman N, Nasarudin SNS, Velvanathan T, Fong MCC, Mohamad Yahaya AH, Sivasampu S. A comparison between antibiotic utilisation in public and private community healthcare in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38172715 PMCID: PMC10762925 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are two parallel systems in Malaysian primary healthcare services: government funded public primary care and privately-owned practices. While there have been several studies evaluating antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian public healthcare, there is a lack of literature on the use of antibiotics in the private sector. There is a dire need to evaluate the more recent performance of public vs. private community healthcare in Malaysia. As such, this study aimed at measuring and comparing the utilisation of antibiotics in the public and private community healthcare sectors of Malaysia in 2018-2021. METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of antibiotic utilisation in Malaysian primary care for the period of 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2021 using the nationwide pharmaceutical procurement and sales data from public and private health sectors. Rates of antibiotic utilisation were reported as Defined Daily Doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID) and stratified by antibiotic classes. The secondary analysis included proportions of AWaRe antibiotic category use for each sector and proportion of antibiotic utilisation for both sectors. RESULTS The overall national antibiotic utilisation for 2018 was 6.14 DID, increasing slightly to 6.56 DID in 2019, before decreasing to 4.54 DID in 2020 and 4.17 DID in 2021. Private primary care antibiotic utilisation was almost ten times higher than in public primary care in 2021. The public sector had fewer (four) antibiotic molecules constituting 90% of the total antibiotic utilisation as compared to the private sector (eight). Use of Access antibiotics in the public sector was consistently above 90%, while use of Access category antibiotics by the private sector ranged from 64.2 to 68.3%. Although use of Watch antibiotics in the private sector decreased over the years, the use of Reserve and 'Not Recommended' antibiotics increased slightly over the years. CONCLUSION Antibiotic consumption in the private community healthcare sector in Malaysia is much higher than in the public sector. These findings highlight the need for more rigorous interventions targeting both private prescribers and the public with improvement strategies focusing on reducing inappropriate and unnecessary prescribing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Huili Lim
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia.
| | - Norazida Ab Rahman
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nur Su'aidah Nasarudin
- Pharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Tineshwaran Velvanathan
- Pharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Mary Chok Chiew Fong
- Pharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Haniff Mohamad Yahaya
- Pharmacy Research & Development Branch, Pharmacy Policy & Strategic Planning Division, Pharmaceutical Services Programme, Ministry of Health, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Sheamini Sivasampu
- Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Shah Alam, Malaysia
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Zhang S. Educational cooperation in the perspective of tripartite evolutionary game among government, enterprises and universities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294742. [PMID: 38166005 PMCID: PMC10760769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Government-enterprise-university synergy (GEUS) is an effective way to mobilize government, enterprises, and universities to collaborate on education, but these three parties involved in GEUS may, out of bounded rationality, choose to collaborate in ways that benefit themselves and harm others. To guide the three parties to better cooperation, this study creates an evolutionary game model among the three parties and evaluates the applicability and validity of the model by selecting the educational cooperation data in Beijing. It is shown that participation in education cooperation is the best course of action for all three parties. The intensity of willingness to participate in the GEUS is on the order of high to low for universities, enterprises, and the government. If the three parties wish to accomplish education collaboration sooner, they can increase default payments, boost government revenues, raise corporate participation in distribution, and reduce government and government spending. These results highlight the inherent regularities of GEUS and provide concrete implementation strategies to improve the efficiency of education cooperation.
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225
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Chao TF, Yeh YH, Chan YH, Lin FJ, Chen TH, Pan KL, Lin JC, Lin YJ, Chen SA. The Report of Community-Based and Government-Endorsed Screening Program of Atrial Fibrillation in Taiwan. Thromb Haemost 2024; 124:61-68. [PMID: 37434320 DOI: 10.1055/a-2127-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although international guidelines recommended opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation (AF), the community-based AF screening program incorporated into the government-endorsed health care system is rarely reported in Asian countries. OBJECTIVES We aimed to test the feasibility of adding AF screening into the preexistent adult health check program and report the AF detection rate and percentages of OAC prescriptions before and after AF screening with the involvement of public health care systems. METHODS We performed this program in three counties (Chiayi county, Keelung City, and Yilan county) in Taiwan which have their own official preexistent adult health check programs conducted by public health bureaus for years. However, electrocardiography (ECG) was not included in these programs before. We cooperated with the public health bureaus of the three counties and performed single-lead 30-second ECG recording for every participant. RESULTS From January to December 2020, AF screening was performed in 199 sessions with 23,572 participants. AF was detected in 278 subjects with a detection rate of 1.19% (age ≥65 years: 2.39%; ≥75 years: 3.73%). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of these 278 subjects was 2.36, with 91% of them had a score ≥1 (males) or ≥2 (females). The number needed to screen was 42 and 27 for subjects aged ≥65 and ≥75 years, respectively. The prescription rate of OACs significantly increased from 11.4 to 60.6% in Chiayi county and from 15.8 to 50.0% in Keelung City after screening (both p-values <0.001). CONCLUSION This community-based and government-endorsed AF screening project in Taiwan demonstrated that incorporation of AF screening into the preexistent adult health check programs through co-operations with the government was feasible. Actions to detect AF, good education, and well-organized transferring plan after AF being detected with the involvement of public health care systems could result in a substantial increase in the prescription rate of OACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Fan Chao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- The Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Chan
- The Cardiovascular Department, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Microscopy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Hsing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Cardiology, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Li Pan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Cherng Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yenn-Jiang Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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226
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Secombe CJ. Declining engagement of veterinary services in Australian animal production systems: why has this occurred and what are the risks? Aust Vet J 2024; 102:30-34. [PMID: 38151712 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The provision of veterinary services is essential to deliver animal health and welfare outcomes, but over the last several decades demand for veterinary services in animal production systems has broadly declined in Australia. Reduced demand is closely related to a decline in the size of the production animal veterinary workforce, and there is evidence that the percentage of veterinarians participating in the delivery of veterinary services to animal production systems has lessened. Reduced demand for veterinary services in the production animal sector is likely to be attributed to several factors, including challenges around widespread adoption of preventive veterinary services, improved self-efficacy of producers through advancement of knowledge, and potential concern by producers over the role of veterinarians in production animal systems. Declining veterinary engagement results in increased risk at both the individual farm level (diminished expertise to deliver reactive and proactive veterinary services) and at a population level (increased biosecurity risk and risk to social licence to operate). The current environment and the community trust in the profession should be seen as an opportunity to develop and implement a strategy to halt and reverse the decline in demand for production animal veterinary services. Such a strategy will require significant and sustained collaboration between the veterinary profession, Industry and government.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Secombe
- Veterinary Policy and Advocacy, Australian Veterinary Association, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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227
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Lencucha RA, Vichit-Vadakan N, Patanavanich R, Ralston R. Addressing tobacco industry influence in tobacco-growing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2024; 102:58-64. [PMID: 38164327 PMCID: PMC10753285 DOI: 10.2471/blt.23.290219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Protecting policy-making from tobacco industry influence is central to effective tobacco control governance. The inclusion of industry actors as stakeholders in policy processes remains a crucial avenue to corporate influence. This influence is reinforced by the idea that the tobacco industry is a legitimate partner to government in regulatory governance. Addressing the influence of the tobacco industry demands a focus on the government institutions that formalize relationships between industry and policy-makers. Industry involvement in government institutions is particularly relevant in tobacco-growing countries, where sectors of government actively support tobacco as an economic commodity. In this paper, we discuss how controlling tobacco industry influence requires unique consideration in tobacco-growing countries. In these countries, there is a diverse array of companies that support tobacco production, including suppliers of seeds, equipment and chemicals, as well as transportation, leaf buying and processing, and manufacturing companies. The range of companies that operate in these contexts is particular and so is their engagement within political institutions. For governments wanting to support alternatives to tobacco growing (Article 17 of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control), we illustrate how implementing Article 5.3, aimed at protecting tobacco control policies from tobacco industry interference, is fundamental in these countries. Integrating Article 5.3 with Article 17 will (i) strengthen policy coherence, ensuring that alternative livelihood policies are not undermined by tobacco industry interference; (ii) foster cross-sector collaboration addressing both tobacco industry interference and livelihood development; and (iii) enhance accountability and transparency in tobacco control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael A Lencucha
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, 3630 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QCH3G 1Y5, Canada
| | | | | | - Rob Ralston
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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228
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Wu Y, Hu J, Irfan M, Hu M. Vertical decentralization, environmental regulation, and enterprise pollution: An evolutionary game analysis. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119449. [PMID: 37939469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving sustainable economic development and mitigating climate change require effective green transformation management. This study builds an evolutionary game model for industrial enterprises, local governments, and the central government, analyzing the dynamic interactions among vertical decentralization, environmental regulation, and enterprise pollution. Our research reveals that increasing environmental taxes can incentivize industrial enterprises to adopt green transformation practices and promote governments at all administrative levels to supervise and enforce environmental regulations. Moreover, in the context of vertical decentralization, financial incentives provided by the central government to local governments become critical drivers for promoting green transformation. Furthermore, the additional social benefits resulting from local government supervision and governance are key factors in green transformation management, while the negative social effects of industrial enterprises not rectifying their actions are noteworthy. Our study emphasizes the need for an integrated framework incorporating these critical elements for successful green transition management. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for developing nations seeking to enhance their governance capacity throughout the green transformation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Wu
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jin Hu
- School of Big Data Application and Economics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; School of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Business, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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229
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Vallée M. How Government Health Agencies Obscure the Impact of Environmental Pollution and Perpetuate Reductionist Framings of Disease: The Case of Leukemia. Int J Soc Determinants Health Health Serv 2024; 54:28-39. [PMID: 37099622 PMCID: PMC10797827 DOI: 10.1177/27551938231169119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, environmental health researchers have documented environmental pollution's impacts on human health, which includes the bioaccumulation of industrial chemicals and how these toxicants contribute to disease. However, the relationship between disease and pollution is often difficult to discern in the disease information provided by dominant institutions. Previous scholarship has identified that print media, television news, online medical publishers, and medical associations consistently obscure the environmental causation frame. However, less has been said about disease information provided by public health agencies. To address this gap, I analyzed the leukemia information provided by Cancer Australia, the United States' National Institutes of Health, and the United Kingdom's National Health Service. My analysis shows that the disease information offered by these health agencies also obscures the environmental causation frame by failing to identify most toxicants that environmental health researchers have linked to leukemia and by emphasizing a biomedical framing of the medical condition. Beyond documenting the problem, this article also discusses the social consequences and sources of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vallée
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Sociology and Criminology, The University of Auckland, 58 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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230
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Hernandez H, Hyman S, Vollbrecht S. Get it together, together: Creating whole community continuity through cross-sector collaboration in Texas. J Bus Contin Emer Plan 2024; 17:235-247. [PMID: 38424585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Continuity of operations for government is an evolving philosophy, much like exercises and after-action reports. Continuity continues to identify areas for growth and improvement as more people become involved in the conversation. This paper briefly describes the evolution of continuity in the USA and its application in the State of Texas. Moving forward, it discusses the application of the concept of 'whole community continuity' as the driving force of the Continuity Council in Texas, which focuses on preparedness at all levels, from individuals to private industry, to all levels of government.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shelby Hyman
- Director of Agency Relations, State Office of Risk Management, Texas
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231
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Codjia P, Kiige L, Rudert C, Nordhagen S, Beal T, Kirogo V, Ortenzi F, Gonzalez W, Kamudoni P, Garg A. Improving complementary feeding practices, programs and policies for optimal early childhood nutrition in Kenya: What would work? Matern Child Nutr 2024; 20 Suppl 3:e13616. [PMID: 38204287 PMCID: PMC10782134 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Complementary feeding practices are greatly influenced by local contexts. Therefore, national home-grown evidence, policies and guidelines are critical to improving infant and young children's diets. This Special Issue has provided a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the situation, gaps and context-specific opportunities for improving young children's diets in Kenya. The primary research findings of the Special Issue supported the identification of a set of recommendations articulated across the four systems (food, health, water, sanitation and hygiene [WASH] and social protection) to improve food availability and accessibility in Kenya at the national and subnational levels. It is anticipated that the decentralised government functions seen in Kenya provide a strong opportunity to develop and mainstream context-specific recommendations into action. This Special Issue recommends adopting a multi-sectoral systems approach, including a shared vision, joint planning, implementation and monitoring, towards improving young children's diets with a focus on service delivery as well as scaled-up community social behaviour change interventions. In particular, the approach should entail advocacy for policy revisions for service delivery that support complementary feeding and development of costed implementation strategies in support of the same, across four critical systems-food, health, WASH and social protection, along with, the strengthening of national coordination, monitoring and accountability structures as per the Kenya Nutrition Action Plan. Finally, the development of a legal framework for enhanced accountability from all relevant sectors towards sustainable, nutritious, safe and affordable children's diets. These recommendations provide a clear direction in addressing the complementary feeding challenges, which the primary research of this Special Issue has presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ty Beal
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)WashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | | | | | - Wendy Gonzalez
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)GenevaSwitzerland
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232
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Pillay S, Duncan M, de Vries PJ. 'We are doing damage control': Government stakeholder perspectives of educational and other services for children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa. Autism 2024; 28:73-83. [PMID: 36510832 PMCID: PMC10771016 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221142111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder is a growing public health concern in low- and middle-income countries like South Africa where there are no plans or policies in place for autism spectrum disorder management. Many children with autism spectrum disorder in South Africa are out of schools and waiting for school placement to become available. This study explored the perspectives of key government stakeholders on educational and other services for children with autism spectrum disorder in the Western Cape Province of South Africa and their suggestion for improving services for these children and their families. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with government stakeholders from the Western Cape Department of Education, Department of Health and the Department of Social development. The main theme that emerged was 'We are doing damage control'. Government stakeholders acknowledged that autism spectrum disorder services were being overlooked because of other demands on government resources. Finding from this study highlighted the need for government departments to work together to develop a strategy for autism spectrum disorder management. Engagement between government and civil society to break down barriers, strengthen systems and develop solutions to improving access to services for children with autism spectrum disorder and their families is recommended.
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233
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Navarrete C, Macedo M, Colley R, Zhang J, Ferrada N, Mello ME, Lira R, Bastos-Filho C, Grandi U, Lang J, Hidalgo CA. Understanding political divisiveness using online participation data from the 2022 French and Brazilian presidential elections. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:137-148. [PMID: 37973828 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Digital technologies can augment civic participation by facilitating the expression of detailed political preferences. Yet, digital participation efforts often rely on methods optimized for elections involving a few candidates. Here we present data collected in an online experiment where participants built personalized government programmes by combining policies proposed by the candidates of the 2022 French and Brazilian presidential elections. We use this data to explore aggregates complementing those used in social choice theory, finding that a metric of divisiveness, which is uncorrelated with traditional aggregation functions, can identify polarizing proposals. These metrics provide a score for the divisiveness of each proposal that can be estimated in the absence of data on the demographic characteristics of participants and that explains the issues that divide a population. These findings suggest that divisiveness metrics can be useful complements to traditional aggregation functions in direct forms of digital participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Navarrete
- Center for Collective Learning, ANITI, TSE, IAST, IRIT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mariana Macedo
- Center for Collective Learning, ANITI, TSE, IAST, IRIT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jingling Zhang
- Center for Collective Learning, ANITI, TSE, IAST, IRIT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicole Ferrada
- Center for Collective Learning, ANITI, TSE, IAST, IRIT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Eduarda Mello
- Sociology Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lira
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carmelo Bastos-Filho
- Computer Engineering Department, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Jérôme Lang
- LAMSADE, CNRS, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL, Paris, France
| | - César A Hidalgo
- Center for Collective Learning, ANITI, TSE, IAST, IRIT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
- Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Center for Collective Learning, CIAS, Corvinus University, Budapest, Hungary.
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234
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Supehia S, Singh M, Bahurupi Y, Aggarwal P, Chandra R, Sharma N. The Extent of Delay in Diagnosis, Treatment and their Associated Factors among Tuberculosis Patients Attending Government Hospitals of Rishikesh, Uttarakhand: A Cross-Sectional Study. Recent Adv Antiinfect Drug Discov 2024; 19:137-147. [PMID: 37198982 DOI: 10.2174/2772434418666230517151828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem" worldwide, affecting almost all age groups. "Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to significantly reducing the TB burden." However, a significant proportion of cases remain undiagnosed and untreated, which plays a vital role in the transmission of the disease and severity of the illness in the community in most developing countries. AIMS & OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess "the extent of delay in diagnosis and treatment of TB patients" and to identify the major factors associated with such delays (whether patient or health system-related) among TB patients in Rishikesh. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Rishikesh Town, Dehradun District, Uttara khand, India. Total of 130 newly diagnosed TB patients were recruited as study participants who attended the government hospitals of Rishikesh, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh and S P S Government Hospital, Rishikesh. A universal sampling technique was used in this study. RESULTS The mean age of the study participant was 36.75 (Standard Deviation (SD), 17.6), and the median age was 34 years. Of the patients, 64.6% were men, and 35.4% were women. The extent of various delays, such as patient delay (median 16 days), diagnostic delay (median 78.5 days), treatment delay (median 4 days), health system delay (43 days), and total delay (median 81 days). CONCLUSION The misconception of any chronic disease may lead to a false diagnosis or long treatment for symptomatic relief; the absence of proper diagnostic tests and doctor shopping could be the reasons for the prolonged diagnostic delay. Therefore, by strengthening the collaboration between private and public practitioners in order to meet the expectations of the Government of India to achieve the goals of the "National Strategic Plan for ending TB" in India by providing good quality care for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Supehia
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Yogesh Bahurupi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Pradeep Aggarwal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Rishita Chandra
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nandita Sharma
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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235
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Rossignoli P, Pontarolo R, Fernandez-Llimos F. [Variability in Drug Procurement within Group 1B of the Pharmaceutical Specialized Scheme in Brazil]. Cien Saude Colet 2024; 29:e18142022. [PMID: 38198333 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024291.18142022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the Brazilian Health System (SUS), drugs covered by the Specialized Pharmaceutical Scheme (CEAF) receive federal funding and can be procured either centrally (Group 1A) or by individual states (Federal Units - UF) (Group 1B). Unlike other countries where national procurement prices are negotiated centrally by the government, public procurement in Brazil follows a public auction procedure, potentially resulting in varying purchase prices. To facilitate price comparisons, it is a legal requirement to register public acquisitions in the Health Prices Registry (BPS). This study aimed to assess the variability in the procurement prices for Group 1B drugs across the 27 Brazilian states during 2021. Data on the acquisitions of Group 1B drugs by the 27 Health Secretariats were obtained from the BPS. Drugs with no reported reimbursement prices as of December 2021 were excluded from the analysis. The total reimbursement amount for each state was sourced from the SUS Ambulatory Information System. The findings revealed significant variability in drug procurement prices both across and within states. The study underscored a potential disparity in CEAF access, favoring wealthier states (those with larger populations and higher economic status) by securing lower drug prices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Rossignoli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Assistência Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner 632, Jardim Botânico. Curitiba PR Brasil.
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236
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Rao KD, Mehta A, Noonan C, Peters MA, Perry H. Voting with their feet: Primary care provider choice and its implications for public sector primary care services in India. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116414. [PMID: 38039764 PMCID: PMC10828545 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Expanding networks of government primary health centers (PHCs) to bring health services closer to communities is a longstanding policy objective in LMICs. In pluralistic health systems, where public and private providers compete for patients, PHCs are often not the preferred source for care. This study analyzes the market for primary care services in the Indian state of Bihar to understand how choice of primary care provider is influenced by distance, cost and quality of care. This study is based on linked surveys of rural households, PHCs, and private primary care providers conducted in 2019 and 2020. Most rural residents lived in proximity to a primary care provider, though not a qualified one. Within a 5-km distance, 60% of villages had a PHC, 90% had an informal provider, 35% an Indian systems of medicine practitioner, and 10% a private MBBS doctor. Most patients sought care from informal providers irrespective of PHC distance; only 25% of patients living in the PHC's vicinity sought care there. Reducing distance to the PHC by 1 km marginally increased the likehood of the PHC being selected, and reduced the likelihood of private clinics being selected. Reducing patient's costs at PHCs increased the likelihood of the PHC being selected and reduced the likelihood of private clinics and private hospitals being selected. Improved clinical quality at PHCs had no effect on patient selection of PHCs, private clinics, or hospitals. Illness severity reduced the likelihood of PHCs or private clinics being selected, and increased the likelihood of private hospitals selected. Wealthier patients were marginally more likely to use PHCs, substantially more likely to use private hospitals, and less likely to use private clinics. Expanding PHC network coverage or improving their quality of care is not sufficient to make PHCs more relevant to local health needs. An orientation towards essential public health functions, as well as, a community-centered approach to the organization of primary health care system is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna D Rao
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Akriti Mehta
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Caitlin Noonan
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael A Peters
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Henry Perry
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Badanta B, Márquez De la Plata-Blasco M, Lucchetti G, González-Cano-Caballero M. The social and health consequences of the war for Ukrainian children and adolescents: a rapid systematic review. Public Health 2024; 226:74-79. [PMID: 38007844 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the growing interest on the Russian-Ukrainian war and its repercussion on the children's health, there is no previous systematic review compiling the current evidence on this topic. This study conducted a rapid systematic review to investigate the current findings concerning the impact of the Ukraine war on the social and health aspects of the Ukrainian pediatric population. METHODS A rapid systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (BVS Spain) were searched between February and April 2023. In addition, high-impact journals and institutions focused on pediatric health and human rights were also consulted. All relevant original articles, letters, editorials, and policy papers assessing the health and social repercussions of the war on Ukrainian children were included. RESULTS From 134 publications matching the search criteria, 23 were included. These publications were categorized into three distinct domains: 'Public health challenges for the physical and mental health of children and adolescents', 'Lack of Healthcare resources and initiatives to mitigate suffering', and 'Policies, Government, and Children's rights'. Our findings revealed that the war is seriously impacting the life and the health of Ukrainian children, resulting in worse physical and mental health outcomes and perpetrating a deprived situation. To overcome such problems, several initiatives have been proposed by European and non-European countries, relying mostly on receiving refugees, providing mental health support, complementing lack of resources, and establishing policies to improve health care. CONCLUSION It could help health professionals, policy makers, and governments to plan preventive, promotive, and therapeutic strategies for Ukrainian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Badanta
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy, and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, Research Group Under the Andalusian Research CTS 1050, "Complex Care, Chronic and Health Outcomes", Spain.
| | | | - Giancarlo Lucchetti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900, Brazil.
| | - María González-Cano-Caballero
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Research Group PAIDI CTS 969, "Care Innovation and Health Determinants", Spain.
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238
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Taylor LA, Nichols LM. Insights From Implementation Of A Community-Based Model For Collaborative Public Good Investing. Health Aff (Millwood) 2024; 43:72-79. [PMID: 38190593 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2023.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Communities across the United States are looking for ways to reduce health inequities. Improving the social determinants of health (SDOH) is one fruitful pathway. In prior work we developed a financing model to incentivize and coordinate joint SDOH investments among local stakeholders, called the Collaborative Approach to Public Good Investments (CAPGI). A core thesis of our model is that at least some SDOH investments can be funded without reliance on philanthropic or government monies: Because they can produce value that flows to multiple organizations simultaneously, SDOH investments can be aligned with health organizations' self-interest. We describe our model's evolution in practice and synthesize insights drawn from our experiences providing technical assistance to three communities that have implemented CAPGI. Each community is unique, but we identified common themes related to governance processes and coalition dynamics that are relevant to any community trying to increase local, place-based investments in health.
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239
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Wang D, Ren Y, Yang Y, Guo H. Hybridized gated recurrent unit with variational mode decomposition and an error compensation mechanism for multi-step-ahead monthly rainfall forecasting. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:1177-1194. [PMID: 38038925 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Highly accurate monthly rainfall predictions can provide early warnings for rain-related disasters, such as floods and droughts, and allow governments to make timely decisions. This paper proposes a two-phase error compensation model based on a gated recurrent unit (GRU), variational mode decomposition (VMD), and error compensation mechanism (ECM) (GRU-VMD-ECM) for accurate multi-step-ahead monthly rainfall forecasts. In the first phase, the GRU model is used to make an initial monthly rainfall prediction, and the error series is extracted. In the second phase, the error series is decomposed into eight subseries using the VMD method. Each subseries is then input into the GRU model to build different forecasting models. These predicted error sequences are added to the initial prediction results to obtain the final forecast. The model's performance is tested using six evaluation indicators based on Beijing's monthly rainfall data from 1951 to 2018. The results show that the error compensation mechanism significantly improved the prediction accuracy, particularly in the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of single-step-ahead prediction which recorded a substantial increase of 281.16% from 0.259981 to 0.990944, as well as a decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) from 2.257580 to 0.249746. Furthermore, the GRU-VMD-ECM model outperforms the RF, GRU-CNN, and VMD-GRU models in terms of precision across all forecasting horizons. These findings highlight the potential of the GRU-VMD-ECM model in providing highly accurate monthly rainfall predictions for early warnings and informed decision-making by governments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyun Wang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
- The Laboratory of Natural Disaster Risk Prevention and Emergency Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Yifei Ren
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yanchen Yang
- S.K. Lee Honors College, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haixiang Guo
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- The Laboratory of Natural Disaster Risk Prevention and Emergency Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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240
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Zhang C, Liu N, Yuan M. More is better? Stakeholder participation in regulatory rule-setting towards green transition. J Environ Manage 2024; 349:119484. [PMID: 37976645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Stakeholder participation and interactions in collaborative environmental policymaking are complex. We explore how stakeholder participation in rule-drafting and public comments lead to high-quality voluntary standards to promote green transition from a configurational perspective. Applying a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to China's 78 Industrial Cleaner Production Standards, we identify three paths resulting in superior standards. While using third-party experts is necessary in all paths, two paths emphasize the central role of public research institutes and the substitutive relationship between the participation of regulated firms and industry associations in the rule-drafting stage, especially in highly regulated industries. The third path emphasizes the importance of broad public comments when stakeholder participation in rule-drafting is insufficient, especially in lightly regulated industries. Our work enriches the theory of environmental regulation and collaborative governance, which is also instructive for governments designing regulatory standards to promote sustainable transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhang
- School of Business, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| | - Maoling Yuan
- Department of Public and International Affairs, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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241
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Aashima, Sharma R. A Systematic Review of the World's Largest Government Sponsored Health Insurance Scheme for 500 Million Beneficiaries in India: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2024; 22:17-32. [PMID: 37801262 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In pursuit of universal health coverage, India has launched the world's largest government-sponsored health insurance scheme, Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) in 2018. This study aims to provide a holistic review of the scheme's impact since its inception. METHODS We reviewed studies (based on interviews or surveys) published from September 2018 to January 2023, which were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus database. The main outcomes studied were: (1) awareness; (2) utilization of scheme; (3) experiences; (4) financial protection; and (5) challenges encountered by both beneficiaries and healthcare providers. RESULTS A total of 18 studies conducted across 14 states and union territories of India were reviewed. The findings revealed that although PM-JAY has become a familiar name, there remains a low level of awareness regarding various facets of the scheme such as benefits entitled, hospitals empanelled, and services covered. The scheme is benefitting the poor and vulnerable population to access healthcare services that were previously unaffordable to them. However, financial protection provided by the scheme exhibited mixed results. Several challenges were identified, including continued spending by beneficiaries on drugs and diagnostic tests, delays in issuance of beneficiary cards, and co-payments demanded by healthcare providers. Additionally, private hospitals expressed dissatisfaction with low health package rates and delays in claims reimbursement. CONCLUSIONS Concerted efforts such as population-wide dissemination of clear and complete knowledge of the scheme, providing training to healthcare providers, addressing infrastructural gaps and concerns of healthcare providers, and ensuring appropriate stewardship are imperative to achieve the desired objectives of the scheme in the long-run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima
- University School of Management and Entrepreneurship, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Sharma
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
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242
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Biswas RK, Afiaz A, Huq S, Farzana M, Kabir E. Public opinion on COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: Disruption to public lives and trust in government's immunisation performance. Int J Health Plann Manage 2024; 39:119-134. [PMID: 37898969 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched Bangladesh government's capability for disaster engagement. As normalcy is interrupted, people's confidence in the government in ending the crisis needs evaluation, especially considering the past vaccination successes in Bangladesh and growing worldwide vaccine hesitancy amidst the COVID-19 misinfodemic. This study assessed the level of public life disruption due to the pandemic at the micro-level and how much impact it had on people's trust in the government's capacity for successful national immunisation. METHODS Given the infectious nature of the pandemic, the study conducted an online survey of 2291 respondents, distributed proportionally across sex and income groups. We conducted bivariate analyses and fitted generalised linear models to assess disruption to respondents' lives, and their trust in the government's immunisation ability, which were measured using multiple parameters. RESULTS Nearly 50% of the respondents reported multifaceted disputations in their daily lives, with 90% suffering financially. Trust in the government was very low at the time of the survey as only 11.3% of respondents had faith that the government could successfully conduct a mass vaccination campaign. Rural residents and non-earning members of families found their lives to be less disrupted. Comparatively higher income families and highly educated individuals had lesser confidence in the government's inoculation capabilities. CONCLUSIONS For the vaccine campaign to be successful, effective risk communication and timely display of data-driven decision-making efforts targeting the groups who are more sceptical of immunisation campaigns could be of significance to the Bangladesh government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Awan Afiaz
- Institute of Statistical Research and Training, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Samin Huq
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Workforce Network-Youth Hub, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maysha Farzana
- Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Enamul Kabir
- School of Mathematics, Physics, and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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243
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López-Mendoza H, González-Álvarez MA, Montañés A. Assessing the effectiveness of international government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Econ Hum Biol 2024; 52:101353. [PMID: 38262187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures adopted by governments to control the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a Panel VAR model for the OECD countries, we test for Granger causality between the 7-day cumulative incidence, mortality rate, and government response indexes. Granger-type statistics reveal evidence that the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the measures taken by governments. However, limited or nonexistent evidence supports the reverse situation. This suggests that government measures were not highly effective in controlling the pandemic. While not implying total ineffectiveness, our results indicate a considerable lack of efficacy, emphasizing a lesson for governments to learn from and correct in preparation for similar events in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor López-Mendoza
- CASSETEM Research Group, Department of Economic Analysis, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50005, Spain; Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, Pamplona 31003, Spain
| | - María A González-Álvarez
- CASSETEM Research Group, Department of Economic Analysis, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50005, Spain
| | - Antonio Montañés
- CASSETEM Research Group, Department of Economic Analysis, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50005, Spain.
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244
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Jiang Y. A game-theoretic approach to promoting waste management within the framework of a circular economy: implications for environmental protection. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:6977-6991. [PMID: 38157173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Currently, waste management classification is a critical topic that concerns not only environmental protection, but also the advancement of a circular economy. To address this issue within the context of a circular economy, this study develops an uncooperative triumvirate paradigm consisting of "central regulation, local promotion, and universal participation." The model analyzes the strategy choices of both the central and local governments while using an evolutionary game method to encourage residents to promote waste separation. Using numerical simulations, this study examines the variables that impact the strategy choices of the three parties over time. The results show that (1) the desire of the central government, local governments, and citizens to engage has varying effects on each of these entities; the conduct of local government is significantly influenced by the preparedness of the central government, but residents' behavior is comparatively less influenced by the central government's intention; in comparison, it is mainly affected by psychological expectations of income and expenditure; (2) the impact of the local government and residents on each other is characterized by an unbalanced relationship, with the local government being more sensitive to residents' willingness to participate and changes in policy support being more sensitive; and (3) residents show more sensitivity to incentive funds, compensation, penalties, and benefit distribution coefficients. To promote waste separation in China, it is crucial to establish a reasonable expectation of ecological civilization, establish an efficient mechanism for environmental protection supervision, refine local waste separation programs, increase local governments' responsibility for promoting them, ensure legal methods for universal participation, and improve the regulatory mechanism for universal participation to protect the environment. In addition, it is essential to improve the education system for waste separation and continue research related to waste separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Jiang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, China.
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245
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Speight J, Holmes-Truscott E. Do governments give diabetes the attention it deserves? Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15186. [PMID: 37470757 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane Speight
- School of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott
- School of Psychology, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Centre for Behavioural Research in Diabetes, Diabetes Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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246
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Tolliver DG, Hawks LC, Holaday LW, Wang EA. Exploring Parental Incarceration, US Government Support Programs, and Child Health and Well-Being: A National Cross-Sectional Study. J Pediatr 2024; 264:113764. [PMID: 37777171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe relationships between parental incarceration and child health and flourishing-a measure of curiosity, resilience, and self-regulation-and to identify government programs that moderate this relationship. METHODS Using the National Survey of Children's Health data from 2016 through 2019 for children 6-17 years old, we estimated associations with logistic regression between parental incarceration and overall health and flourishing, adjusting for child, caregiver, and household factors. We secondarily examined physical health (asthma, headaches), mental health (attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression), developmental needs (learning disability, special educational plan use), and educational (missing ≥11 school days, repeated grade) outcomes. We performed interaction analyses to determine whether government program participation (eg, free/reduced lunch, cash assistance) moderated relationships between parental incarceration and child outcomes. RESULTS Children with parental incarceration accounted for 9.3% of the sample (weighted n = 4 400 000). Black, American Indian/Alaska Native, and multiracial children disproportionately experienced parental incarceration. Parental incarceration was associated with worse health (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.11-1.55) and higher odds of not flourishing (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.46-1.89). Physical health, mental health, developmental issues, and educational needs were also associated with parental incarceration. Participation in free and reduced lunch moderated the relationships between parental incarceration and general health and flourishing, and cash assistance moderated the association between parental incarceration and flourishing. For each, parental incarceration had an attenuated association with health among people who participated in government programs. CONCLUSIONS Parental incarceration is disproportionately experienced by Black and Indigenous children and associated with worse child health and well-being. Government support program participation may mitigate negative associations between parental incarceration and child outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Destiny G Tolliver
- Yale National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Laura C Hawks
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Louisa W Holaday
- Yale National Clinician Scholars Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Division of General Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Emily A Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; SEICHE Center for Health and Justice, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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247
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Carmona R, Reed G, Ford J, Thorsell S, Yon R, Carril F, Pickering K. Indigenous Peoples' rights in national climate governance: An analysis of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Ambio 2024; 53:138-155. [PMID: 37819439 PMCID: PMC10692065 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the recognition of Indigenous Peoples' contributions to climate governance by the international community has gradually increased, a rights-based approach in national climate action is still largely absent. This article analyses the recognition of Indigenous Peoples' rights in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. We conducted a content analysis of all NDCs submitted between 2016 and May 2022. Through a five-pronged framework of sustainable self-determination, we assessed how the NDCs recognise: i. Indigenous Peoples as rights-holders; ii. Indigenous jurisdiction over land; iii. Indigenous knowledge systems; iv. Indigenous Peoples' right to full and effective participation in climate governance; and v. the legacy of colonialism. NDCs with references related to Indigenous Peoples are increasing. However, questions remain regarding their sincerity and commitment to implementation. States must therefore make more significant efforts to ensure that the NDCs take a rights-based approach and contribute to strengthening Indigenous Peoples' role and say in climate governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Carmona
- Department for the Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Graeme Reed
- Centre for Indigenous Knowledges, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stefan Thorsell
- International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rocío Yon
- Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisca Carril
- Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR), Santiago, Chile
| | - Kerrie Pickering
- Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
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248
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Wang F, Feng H. Does incentive-based green governance compensate for green innovation in enterprises? The role of green orientation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:7443-7464. [PMID: 38159182 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Government-led green governance, as a crucial tool for achieving green and sustainable development, has garnered significant attention among researchers worldwide. Nevertheless, research on incentive-based green governance and green orientation remains insufficient. This study adopts an evolutionary game theory framework to elucidate the mechanisms underlying incentive-based green governance and green orientation in facilitating green innovation. The effectiveness of this framework is then verified through the utilization of propensity score matching (PSM) and difference-in-differences (DID) methods using data from Chinese companies. The main findings include the following: (1) Government incentive-based green governance exhibits a compensatory effect on green innovation, which is validated through robustness testing. (2) Internal green orientation serves as an intermediary factor between incentive-based green governance and green innovation, while external green orientation exerts a positive regulatory effect. (3) Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the impact of incentive-based green governance on green innovation is more pronounced in non-high-pollution industries, high-tech corporations, and companies operating in areas with lower governance intensity. This study is conducive to illustrate the compensatory effect of government incentive-based green governance on green innovation and also provides reference for the government to issue targeted green governance policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Wang
- School of Accounting, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Feng
- School of Accounting, Shandong Women's University, Jinan, 250300, Shandong, China.
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249
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Xu J, Tong B, Wang M, Yin S. How to systematically reduce the carbon emissions of the manufacturing industry? Evidence from four-party evolutionary game analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:2614-2639. [PMID: 38066261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31261-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
To effectively reduce carbon emissions from the manufacturing industry and promote green and sustainable developments evolutionary game theory is widely used. This study has constructed a four-party evolutionary game model, in which the government, civil environmental protection organisations, manufacturing enterprises, and consumers participate. A local robustness analysis and numerical simulation were used to assess the stability conditions under which the strategic behaviour of the four parties reaches an ideal state, and the influence of government parameter changes on the game system were further analysed. The results show that when the government's penalty is greater, the decision-making time of civil environmental protection organisations and manufacturing enterprises is shortened to varying degrees. When the subsidy coefficient provided by the government increases, civil environmental protection organisations, manufacturing enterprises, and consumers can reduce the time required for the system to stabilise to varying degrees. As the subsidy coefficient increases, the government's strategic choice evolves and strict regulations are loosened. The government should thus actively establish a reward and penalty mechanism, according to its own actual situation, set reasonable punishment and subsidy coefficients, and actively guide the subjective initiative of civil environmental protection organisations to reduce carbon emissions in the manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, Hei Longjiang, China
| | - Bingjun Tong
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, Hei Longjiang, China.
| | - Manman Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, He Nan, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shi Yin
- College of Economics and Management, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
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250
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Carvalho FFBD, Loch MR, Sposito LAC, Andrade DR, Vieira LA. Federal government budgetary and financial resources for body practices and physical activities in the Unified Health System: analysis of the 2019-2022 governmental cycle. Cien Saude Colet 2024; 29:e19352022. [PMID: 38198336 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024291.19352022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Through quantitative exploratory research, the present study analyzed the amount foreseen in the Federal Budget and the amounts paid (nominal and deflated) for programs and actions to promote body practices and physical activities (Health Academy Program and the Federal Incentive for Physical Activity in Primary Health Care) from 2019 to 2022. The values of investment in body practices and physical activities in SUS per capita, according to the population covered by Primary Health Care (PHC) and per participant in public programs, were also calculated. The following was found: (1) that the resources that were actually paid were 3.31% to 15.06% lower than those approved in the budget (nominal) and (2) the low annual (maximum) values found, regardless of whether nominal or deflated - per capita (R$ 0.21 to 0.30) per population covered by PHC (R$ 0.25 to 0.40) and per participant (R$ 10.61 to 14.61). It was concluded that the low investment in the promotion of body practices and physical activities decreases access and does not contribute to the full functioning of SUS by preventing or hindering the expansion of possibilities of comprehensive health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathias Roberto Loch
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Londrina PR Brasil
| | | | - Douglas Roque Andrade
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas Epidemiológicas em Atividade Física e Saúde. São Paulo SP Brasil
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