Bleomycin-induced chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges in Down lymphocyte cultures

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from three patients with Down syndrome (DS; trisomy 21; aged 5-6 years) and three age-matched control children were studied for the induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). Cells in G0 were exposed to bleomycin (20-100 micrograms/ml) for 3 h, and then cultured in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine and phytohemagglutinin for 66 h. By the sister chromatid differential staining method, chromosome analyses were performed on metaphase cells that had divided one, two, or three or more times after treatment. The results indicate that DS cells exposed to bleomycin are hypersensitive to the production of dicentric and ring chromosomes compared to normal cells. Bleomycin also led to a dose-related increase in the frequency of SCEs, but no difference was found between the SCE frequencies in DS or normal lymphocytes exposed to bleomycin.

Human health situation and chromosome alterations: sister chromatid exchange frequency in lymphocytes from passive smokers and patients with hereditary diseases

Lymphocytes from passive smokers, and patients with FA, Alz, or FPC were studied for SCEs in cultures treated with MMC, 4NQO, or MNNG. Fanconi anemia lymphocytes were also studied for cell cycle Tab. 3. Mean SCE frequencies in FPC or normal cells. (Table; see text) kinetics, and CAs after completion of 1, 2, or 3 or more divisions in MMC-treated cultures. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) lymphocytes from passive smokers showed a slightly higher induction of SCEs than nonsmokers when exposed to MMC. (2) FA cells had about 1.4 times higher frequencies of SCEs than normal cells in both MMC-treated and untreated cultures while they showed several times higher frequencies of CAs in both cultures. Analyses of cell cycle kinetics by the sister chromatid differential staining method revealed that MMC treatments of FA and normal cells led to a clearly dose-related delay in cell turnover times, the duration of delay being much longer in FA than in normal cells. (3) Alz cells showed about 1.5 times higher induction of SCEs in MMC-treated cultures whereas they had only 10% as much SCEs as controls when exposed to 4NQO. Familial polyposis coli cells showed no significant difference in the induction of SCEs in untreated cultures and cultures treated with MMC, 4NQO, and MNNG.

Enzyme-histochemical studies on the nonsecretory neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus with the application of karyometry and electronmicroscopy

Detailed histochemical studies were conducted on the distribution of SDH, G6PD, and TPPase as well as the Nissl substance and Gomori-positive material in the nonsecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) of the adult Wistar strain rats. Karyometry and statistical analysis were performed to identify those neurons. Electron microscopy confirmed the cytological characteristics indicated by the histochemical results. Based on the classification of SO neurons by the Golgi-Cox method and the present results concerning the Nissl pattern, shape, size, and number, these nonsecretory neurons appear to be intercalated neurons. Weak SDH and G6PD activity in the perikaryon with a few mitochondria indicate that they belong to the category of ordinary neurons with a low level of carbohydrate metabolism. The TPPase reaction revealed heterogeneous Golgi apparatus (GA) with poor development. In addition, it was difficult to find profiles of GA in many ultrathin sections. These results indicate that the GA may not undergo cyclic activity and lacks the capacity for secretion. No Gomori-positive material was detected in the perikaryon, whereas the Nissl substance was densely distributed throughout the entire perikaryon, where many free ribosomal rosettes and junctions of cisternae of abundant granular reticulum were evenly dispersed. The nonsecretory neurons reflect an active phase of cyclic activity of protein synthesis. However, other nonsecretory neurons with less active protein synthesis are very likely to be present.

Histochemical studies on the distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase and enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism in the intercalated neurons of the rat supraoptic nucleus

Histochemical studies have been conducted by applying hexokinase (HK), aldolase (AD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) methods, as well as Nissl staining and Gomori's chrome-alum-hematoxylin-phloxine (CHP) methods to intercalated neurons of the supraoptic nucleus (SO) on Wistar strain rats. Intercalated neurons reacted weakly to the AD, G3, G6PD, and SDH tests, indicating that they belong to the category of ordinary neurons with low carbohydrate metabolism. Many fibrous astrocytes showing strong HK reactions surround neurosecretory neurons. However, they do not surround intercalated neurons with mild HK activity. These results indicate that the latter receive a poor supply of energy from glucose in the circulating blood in contrast to the former. Intercalated neurons are very rich in Nissl substance but lack CHP-positive material. They may have a high potential for synthesizing protein. The principal morphological features of the TPPase-positive Golgi material are peculiar and heterogeneous shape and poor development. These findings together with mild G6PD activity suggest that intercalated neurons are very likely to have poor synthesizing activity.

Collagenase activity in human saliva

Fairly high collagenase activity was initially demonstrated in human whole saliva, and the activity from patients with periodontal diseases was statistically higher than that from healthy subjects. Based on some characteristic properties, the collagenase in whole saliva appeared to be of tissue, rather than bacterial, origin.

Influence of calcium concentration in the medium on the cell proliferation and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of human diploid skin fibroblasts in culture

Changes of the glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) fractions in the medium, the cell surface of human diploid skin fibroblasts and the relation between GAGs synthesis and cell growth in cultured media containing various Ca++ concentrations were investigated by means of electrophoretic fractionation. The results demonstrated that the synthesis of the hyaluronic acid (HA) fraction was increased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium, and this change appeared to be linked to the condition of cell growth. The synthesis of the heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate (HS + DS) fraction was decreased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium, and this change depended largely on the Ca++ concentration in the medium rather than the cell growth. The synthesis of the chondroitin sulfate (Ch-s) fraction was also decreased with increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium. However, this change was neither controlled especially by the Ca++ concentration in the medium nor by the condition of cell growth, but reflected the decrease of total GAGs synthesis by the increase of the Ca++ concentration in the medium.

Histochemical studies on the relationship between the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and G6PD activity in the locus coeruleus and dorsal vagal nucleus of the rat (application of karyometry)

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in the neurons of locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal vagal nucleus (DVN) of rats have been conducted by using the TPPase method, the G6PD method, karyometry, and statistics under normal conditions. 1. Neurons of the LC and DVN may undergo phasic changes of the GOLGI apparatus (GA) under normal condition. 2. No significant difference was found between neurons of the LC and DVN in regard to the GA morphology, but in general the latter revealed more complicated and developed GA than in the former. 3. Surprisingly, the G6PD activity of LC neurons was very weak. This is in agreement with the previous report by IIJIMA and IMAI (1975), and in disagreement with FRIEDE (1966). 4. An intimate parallel relationship was found between the GA morphology and G6PD activity in the DVN. The findings support the vigorous synthesizing activity found in the previous study of the rat supraoptic nucleus (IIJIMA 1979). In contrast to the DVN, such a parallel relationship between the Ga shape and G6PD activity was absent in the LC. Both findings strongly suggest that the role of the GA may be functionally different in the LC and DVN.

Mortality and survival for Down syndrome in Japan

Mortality and survival data for 1,052 Japanese patients with Down syndrome who were born between 1966 and 1975 were analyzed. The survival rate at age 10 was estimated to be about 86%. Mortality in each age group for Down syndrome was elevated over that of the general population. In the survival rate at age 10, there was no significant difference between males and females, but the difference between cases with and without congenital heart disease was highly significant. Using data from this study-for mortality up to age 10-and from the study of institutionalized cases for mortality over age 10, a hypothetical life table was constructed; it shows that the life expectancy at birth for cases with Down syndrome is nearly 50 years.

[Cast structures and mechanical properties of Ir added to Ag-based alloys. (Part 1) (author's transl)]

The effect of very small quantity of Ir added to pure Agb or Ab-based casting alloys on the mechanical properties were investigated by microstructure observation, tensile test, XMA (electron probe micro analysis) and electrical resistivity measurement. 1) An addition of 0.005% Ir to pure Ag caused grain refinement, increased elongation, yield point, tensile strength. However, the refinement effect did not proportionally increase to the amount of additional Ir. 2) An addition of Ir to Ag alloy containing 7% Cu caused to finely dispersed beta phase in the as cast alloy and degraded the dendrite structure. As a result, homogenization and aging were accelerated. Mechanical properties i. e. elongation, yield point and tensile strength increased in castings and homogeneous state and yield point increased in aging state. The addition of about 0.05% Ir appeared optimum. 3) An addition of Ir to an Ag alloy containing 15% Cu caused grain refinement of the alloy as cast but its effect on the mechanical properties of the alloy was not clarified owing to casting defects. 4) 0.05% Ir added to an Ag alloy containing 20% Pd and 7% Cu did not show an apparent refinement effect. The optimum quantity of Ir is assumed to differ depending on the amount of Pd content.

Purification and characterization of bovine dental sac collagenase

1. Active type collagenase was purified as much as 140-fold from the explant medium of bovine dental sacs and showed a single band on disc gel electrophoresis. Purified collagenase cleaved native collagen at only one locus under physiological conditions, but hydrolyzed neither gelatin nor alpha-casein. The optimal pH was about 7.8. 2. The molecular weight of active type enzyme was 35,000 by gel filtration and 34,000 by gel electrophoresis. The activation of latent type of collagenase resulted in the reduction of molecular weight from 45,000 to 38,000 by gel filtration. 3. A small but detectable amount of collagenase was directly extracted from frozen and thawed bovine dental sacs. In explant media of frozen and thawed tissue and fresh tissue with actinomycin D, some activity was detected for the first 2 days, but essentially no collagenase activity was detected in the explant medium after day 3. 4. The latent type collagenase was activated by trypsin, 4-aminophenylmercuric acetate (4-APMA), thiocyanate and deoxycholate (DOC). DOC showed irreversible dissociation of latent type enzyme in similar fashion to that exerted by 4-APMA. 5. The purified collagenase was inhibited by bovine serum, EDTA, o-phenanthroline, cysteine and dithiothreitol.

The influence of calcium ions on the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in human diploid cells in culture

Synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans of skin fibroblasts derived from an adult normal male in culture under different Ca2+ concentrations were investigated. Collagen synthesis was increased in hypocalcemic culture and decreased in hypercalcemic culture. Ca ionophore A23187 added to the medium caused reduction of collagen synthesis. From these results, it was suggested that intracellular Ca2+ controlled the collagen synthesis of fibroblasts. Uronic acid measurements of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (csGAGS) showed the reduction of uronic acid contents along with an increase of Ca2+ concentration in the medium. 3H-glucosamine and 35S-SO42-incorporation into csGAGS showed that glycosaminoglycans synthesis was reduced along with the increase of Ca2+ concentration in the medium. The results from the uronic acid measurement and the radio-isotope incorporation suggested that sulfated glycosaminoglycans, which contained isuronic acid in high proportions such as dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were increased in csGAGS in hypocalcemic culture.

Developmental changes in the collagens and some collagenolytic activities in bovine dental pulps

Collagen concentration was fairly low in young bovine 3rd premolar pulps, about 9 per cent by dry weight of pulp in stage I, but it increased consistently up to more than 25 per cent at stage V as the pulp matured. The ratio of type III to type I collagen similarly increased from 13 per cent at stage I to 32 per cent at stage V. Both collagenase and possibly collagenolytic neutral peptidases showed significantly high activity in the early stage of pulp development where the rate of collagen synthesis was also elevated. Higher rates of both collagen synthesis and its degradation might explain the low concentration and content in the early stage of pulp development.

An HRP study on the distribution of all nuclei innervating the supraoptic nucleus in the rat brain

Detailed histochemical studies have been performed on the distribution of the nuclei innervating the supraoptic nucleus (SO) in the whole brain after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections through fine glass micropipettes (2 to 8 micrograms ) into the SO of 39 Wistar strain rats. The chromatogenic reaction was carried out according to the Mesulam's (1976) No. 8 procedure. Successful HRP injections resulted in labeling in various regions of the brain. The following conclusions were drawn from the analysis of these successful cases. All the nuclei of the subthalamus and posthypothalamus innervate the SO whereas only a few neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate and ventromedial nuclei probably send axons to it. The afferent monoaminergic fibers arise largely from the B7 and B8, and to a certain extent from the A6 and A10 cell groups. The septum, diagonal band nucleus and amygdala project directly to the SO while the olfactory tubercle and pyriform cortex may not. The mesencephalic central gray has a high possibility to project directly to it. The possibility that the hippocampus sends axons to the SO remains to be fully proven. A few small multipolar cells clearly revealed by the test in the SO should be non-secretory intercalated neurons.

The increase of glycosaminoglycan synthesis and accumulation on the cell surface of cultured skin fibroblasts in Werner's syndrome

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) synthesis and accumulation on the cell surface of skin fibroblasts in two patients with Werner's syndrome were measured by the incorporation of 3H-glucosamine and 35S-sulfate. The strains of fibroblasts from Werner's syndrome (WF) had a much higher production of GAGS and accumulation on the cell surface than did the controls. Uronic acid was measured by means of the carbazole sulfuric acid method and orcinol method and it was revealed that WF fibroblasts had a large amount of total uronic acid in the cell layer, the largest portion being the iduronic acid fraction. Electrophoretic analysis of the GAGS of WF showed an increase of production. Increased release into the medium and accumulation of pericellular glycosaminoglycans was observed in hyaluronic acid (HA), heparan sulfate + dermatan sulfate (HS + DS), and chondroitin sulfate (CHS) fractions. No specific accumulation of GAGS in the intracellular pools was observed.

Demonstration of projections from locus coeruleus to supraoptic nucleus by the HRP method with special reference to cell types in the rat

Histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of labeled neurons in the rat pons at the level of the locus coeruleus after HRP injections into the supraoptic nucleus. In all the fifteen cases in which the supraoptic nucleus was found to be included in the injection site, labeled neurons were detected in the locus coeruleus whereas in the other nine cases in which the injection site was outside the supraoptic nucleus, labeled neurons were not detected in the locus coeruleus. Six cases having the injection site successfully localized within the supraoptic nucleus showed definitely a few labeled multipolar neurons only in the ipsilateral locus coeruleus. These findings demonstrate the presence of an efferent projection arising from the locus coeruleus to the ipsilateral supraoptic nucleus. It is suggested that mainly multipolar neurons in both divisions of this nucleus may contribute to this projection. There remains a possibility that the locus coeruleus may project to the supraoptic nucleus on the contralateral side.

An HRP study on cell types and their regional topography within the locus coeruleus innervating the supraoptic nucleus of the rat

Detailed histochemical studies have been performed on the distribution of various types of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled neurons in the rat dorsal pons with special reference to regional topography within the locus coeruleus (LC) after HRP injections into the nucleus supraopticus (SO). Successful HRP injections into the SO resulted in labeling only in the ipsilateral LC but not in the other structures of the pons. In these cases a few densely labeled multipolar neurons were scattered in both dorsal and ventral divisions throughout the LC. HRP deposition in the hippocampus proper increased significantly the number of labeled neurons in the dorsal division of the ipsilateral LC where a few fusiform neurons in addition to more numerous multipolar ones were labeled. These results strongly suggest that the LC must be the only site of the dorsal pons that innervates the SO, that mainly a part of multipolar neurons may project to the ipsilateral SO, and that regional topography within the LC innervating the SO must be very different from that innervating the hypothalamus. At the present time there remains a possibility that the LC may project to the contralateral SO.

Purification and thermal stability of several amino acid-specific tRNAs from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8

Three species of methionine tRNAs and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and isoleucine tRNAs were purified from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. Formylation studies of the three methionine tRNAs and their codon-specific binding activities to ribosomes showed that two of them (named tRNAf1Met and tRNAf2Met) were initiator tRNAs and the other (named tRNAmMet) was a non-initiator. The tRNAs from T. thermophilus all had melting temperatures of up to ten degrees higher than the corresponding species from E. coli. Most of the species also had slightly higher G+C contents than the corresponding species of E. coli, and each of them contained one mol each of the modified nucleosides, O2'-methylguanosine (Gm), 2-thioribothymidine (s2T), and 1-methyladenosine (m1A). Their high melting temperatures could be explained by their high G+C contents and the presence of the modified nucleosides, espically s2T. Comparison of the melting temperatures of T. thermophilus tRNAf2Met with those of E. coli tRNAfMet and tRNAmMet at different magnesium concentrations showed that magnesium was also a factor in the thermostability of the thermophile tRNA.

The birth prevalence of malformation syndromes in Tokyo infants: a survey of 14,430 newborn infants

A survey of the birth prevalence of congenital anomalies among newborn infants in Japan is under way at a large maternity hospital in Tokyo. Of 14,430 consecutive newborn babies (7,455 M; 6,975 F), 33 had a multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) syndrome. These included 2 with trisomy 13 (including a mosaic), 3 with trisomy 18 (including 1 mosaic), 16 with trisomy 21 (including 1 mosaic), 1 with cri-du-chat syndrome, 1 with 5p partial trisomy, 1 with Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, 1 with Treacher-Collins syndrome, 1 with achodroplasia, 2 with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, 1 with hemihypertrophy, 1 with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome, 1 with asplenia syndrome, 1 with Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome, and 1 with probable Marfan's syndrome. Except for one infant with Ullrich-Turner syndrome, cases with sex-chromosome aberrations could not be diagnosed neonatally on a clinical basis.

On the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and its relation to glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in neurosecretory nuclei of rats under normal and thirsting conditions (application of karyometry)

Histochemical studies on the distribution of TPPase and G6PD in SON and PVN of rats have been conducted by using the new TPPase method, karyometry, and statistics under normal and thirsting conditions. All differences in nuclear volume among the 4 groups classified by the TPPase and G6PD reactions were significant after thirsting for 2 and 4 days, respectively. The intimate parallel relationship was found statistically between the GA shape and G6PD activity in neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons of both nuclei. These results may substantiate the usefulness of classification of neurons by the TPPase method on the LM level. They also suggest strongly that the GA shape may directly indicate its synthesizing activity, and that the complicate GA shape may correspond to the phase of vigorous synthesizing activity in the neuron. Both nuclei included some neurons whose GA appeared intact under activation. This suggests that secretory cycles of individual cells may proceed asynchromously under thirsting as well as normal conditions. The unique peak revealed by the curves of mean nuclear volumes of GA Type IV and G6PD. strongly positive groups only in PVN must be representative of phenomenon of exhaustion of PVN.

Collagen synthesis of cultured fibroblast from Werner's syndromes of premature aging

The difference of collagen producibility between 2 groups of skin fibroblasts from patients with Werner's syndrome with skin change and with normal skin, and the difference of collagen accumulation to cell layer between skin fibroblast from Werner's syndrome and controls were studied.

Changes in free amino acids of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in various neurological diseases

By means of liquid chromatography we investigated free amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (161 subjects) and in plasma (138 subjects) in various neurological diseases and in controls. A general increase in CSF amino acids was found in Group C (samples exhibiting both pleocytosis and increasing CSF protein concentration) and in "spinal canal block" and "neuro-Behçet's syndrome". Also, some abnormalities were detected in these groups with regard to changes in CSF cells, protein or IgG%. In the case of "Guillain-Barré syndrome" we noted an increase in CSF alanine, glycine, methionine, arginine and the branched-chain group. In "multiple sclerosis" an increase was evident in CSF alanine, in plasma alanine and arginine, and in the plasma: CSF ratio of tyrosine. In patients of "motor neuron diseases (MND)" CSF glutamic acid, alanine, histidine and arginine all indicated an increase, along with the plasma: CSF ratio of tyrosine. In Group C and in "neuro-Behçet's syndrome" glycine, methionine and lysine were lowered in the plasma: CSF ratio. Also, the ratio of valine in the former and histidine in the latter indicated a decrease. These results can be supposed to reflect either biochemical abnormalities of plasma and/or the CNS, or changes in the transport systems of the blood-brain barrier.

Incidence of 47,XYY karyotype in a consecutive series of newborn males in Tokyo

A series of 3545 newborn males, born consecutively at a maternity hospital in the western suburbs of Tokyo and with no detectable physical abnormalities, were studied for fluorescent Y-chromatin. Buccal cell smears from each infant were screened. Cases with ambiguous results were subjected to a second test by blood smears, which were found to be more reliable. After the second test, chromosomal analysis was carried out in five infants: three had a 47,XYY karyotype; one, the karyotype 46,XY-D,t(D:Y) (Iijima et al., in preparation); and one, a normal male karyotype. The XYY karyotype occurred in 0.11% of newborn males in this series.

The transition in frequency of Y chromatin in males during the neonatal period

The frequency of Y chromatin, visualized as fluorescent bodies in cell nuclei from lymphocytes in blood smears, was significantly less in newborn males than in three-month-old male infants and adults. The frequency of Y chromatin-positive cells on day 0 was 36.16 +/- 9.11% and then increased daily. At one month after birth the frequency was 55.07 +/- 9.29%, which was not significantly different from that in adult males (57.08 +/- 5.97%).

[Aging properties of indium added gold alloys for metal-ceramic system (author's transl)]

Aging properties is studied on Au-10 wt% Pt and Au-10 wt% Pt-0.5 wt% Fe alloys containing 0.2, 0.4 and 2.0 wt% Indium. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In added Au-Pt alloys. From the electrical resistances in the isochronal aging curves, 0.2 and 0.4 wt% Indium added alloys are age-hardenable between 350 degrees and 640 degrees C. Heterogeneous phase in founded in 2.0 wt% Indium added alloy by meanes optical microstructures. This phase is identified fcc Pt3In by meanes X-ray diffraction. 2) In added Au-Pt-Fe alloys 0.2, 0.4 and 2.0 wt% Indium added alloys are age-hardenable between 250 degrees and 620 degrees C. Grain boundary reaction accelerated in 2.0 wt% Indium added alloy, and hardness decreased by overaging. Precipitation of nodule is inhibited in 0.2 wt% Indium added alloy, and aging properties also increase.

Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and its relation to catecholamine biosynthesis in the locus coeruleus of Rhesus and crab-eating monkeys

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase), L-gulonolactone oxidase (GLO), and NAD-linked xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) in every component of the Locus coeruleus (LC) of healthy adult male Rhesus and crab-eating monkeys in order to clearify the morphology of the Golgi apparatus (GA) and its relation to biosynthesis of catechol-amines in this special nucleus of the primate (NA nucleus A 6 as defined in the Rhesus monkey by German and Bowden [1975]). Medium-sized neurons of both species of monkeys, which are considered to play an important role in the LC, were classified into 5 groups on the basis of morphological patterns of the GA. Many neurons of both species of monkeys were positive for the XDH test while some neurons of the crab-eating monkey as well as a few neurons of the Rhesus monkey were positive for the GLO reaction. The LC of both species of monkeys must be composed of metabolically one kind of identical medium-sized parasympathetic neurons whose GA may continously undergo 5 distinct phasic changes depending on the functional state of that cell. However, the GA changes its shape much more significantly even within each group of the 5 in the crab-eating monkey than in the Rhesus monkey. The GA Type IV may correspond to the catabolic phase of the GA during which biosynthesis of both catecholamines and vitamin C should be going on. Production of vitamin C may greatly help biosynthesis of catecholamines in LC. The difference in species is evident between the 2 kinds of monkeys studied in regard to the degree of their ability to synthesize these substances. The degree of the ability to synthesize vitamin C parallels the density distribution of Type IV neurons in LC whose GA often develops much more greatly in the crab-eating monkey than in the Rhesus monkey.

Direct and serial transplantation of a Ph + ve human myeloblastoid tumour into nude mice

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Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and on the distribution of some enzymes concerned with carbodydrate metabolism in the rat cerebellum

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of various enzymes, including thiamine pyrophosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; menadion oxidoreductase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in various components of the cerebellum of healthy adult male rats of the Wistar strain. The thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction showed the morphological patterns of the GOLGI apparatus characteristic for each kind of cells. The GOLGI apparatus is a simple network in stellate cells, but it can be classified into the same 5 categories in basket cells and GOLGI type II cells. The GOLGI apparatus in the latter 2 cell types appears to undergo cyclic changes. A few GOLGI type II cells have a supranuclear form (Type II) and some cells show disintegration and "budding-off" of the GOLGI apparatus. The GOLGI apparatus in PURKINJE cells can be classified into 4 categories including a perinuclear strand form (Type III), but most of them show randomly distributed granules and vesicles. Lightly stained networks are observable in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They do not show polarity in astrocytes whereas they have extensions in a few oligodendrocytes. BERGMANN glia may undergo cyclic changes indicating more advance differentiation than astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Cerebellar glomerula show lightly stained networks with many fine granules. Granule cells, stellate cells, and basket cells are all poorly equipped equally with the EMBDEN-MEYERHOF (EM) pathway and with the hexosemonophosphate (HMP) shunt. GOLGI type II cells are richly equipped almost equally with both the EM pathway and the HMP shunt. All these neurons probably derive energy mainly from glucose in the circulating blood. PURKINJE cells may belong to the category of "usual neurons", because they are moderately equipped both with the EM pathway and the HMP shunt. However, they may derive their energy from the BERGMANN glia which have intense hexokinase activity but weak succinate dehydrogenase activity. The BERGMANN glia are more richly equipped with the HMP shunt than with the EM pathway and are rich in lactate dehydrogenase suggesting an "exceptional metabolic pattern". These glia may have active synthesizing ability. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are equipped with all the enzymes tested, and they show a tendency to surround the glomeruli. It is suggested that the glomerula may be surrounded by the glial sheaths with strong hexokinase activity, and that they may contain alpha-glucan phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in addition to the succinate dehydrogenase already reported. A few PURKINJE cells showed perinuclear concentrations of the reaction product only of succinate dehydrogenase at the sites of contacts between nucleoli and nuclear membranes. It is suggested that the nucleolus may receive adenosine at the sites of contacts between nucleoli and nuclear membranes...

[Age-hardening of minor amounts of iron added Au-10% Pt alloy (Part II) (author's transl)]

The aging process has been studied by 0.09, 0.28 and 0.48 wt% iron added gold-10 wt% platinum alloys. The results obtained are as follows: (1) From the isochronal and isothermal aging, the electrical resistances decreased in proportion to increasing of iron. These decreases are occured to be ordered of iron and platinum. (2) The electrical resistances in the isochronal aging curves are minimized at limited temperature of 600 degrees approximately 680 degrees C, and the growth of nodules would be saturated at this temperature. (3) The apparent activation energies of aging process of Au-Pt-Fe alloys (0.09, 0.28 and 0.48 wt% Fe) were in the range of about 37 approximately 44 Kcal/mole. (4) In the results of the images atructure of nodules was lamella of fcc FePt3 phase and Au-Pt solid solution phase.

Consideration of hepatic factor influence on drip infusion cholangiography

The plasma disappearance rate (K) and transfer rate constants for the two compartmental system of Indocyanine Green (ICG) were calculated in visualized and nonvisualized cases of the biliary tract with hepatobiliary disease using drip infusion cholangiography (DIC). In nonvisualized cases with hepatocellular disorder K and the fractional hepatic removal rate mainly decreased, and in nonvisualized cases with cholelithiasis the fractional biliary secretory rate significantly decreased by DIC-A, utilizing it as a screening test. Three methods (B,C and D) of drip infusion cholangiography were established according to the result of the I-CG test. Through DIC-B, C- or -D in addition to DIC-A the visualization of the biliary tract significantly elevated in patients with hepatocellular disorder and cholelithiasis. These results were confirmed using 131I-iodipamide. In some cases the serum transaminase activity elevated, but the elevation was temporary.

Histochemical studies on the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and on the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in various nuclei of the rat mesencephalon

Detailed histochemical studies have been conducted on the distribution of various enzymes such as thiamine pyrophosphatase, alpha-glucan phosphorylase, hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in various components of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, nucleus n. oculomotorii, nucleus ruber and nucleus niger of healthy adult male Wistar strain rats. The thiamine pyrophosphatase reaction showed the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus characteristic for each nucleus. The Golgi apparatus was well developed in the nucleus Edinger-Westphali, composing a network of highly fenestrated plates in the nucleus n. oculomotorii and nucleus ruber, and a simple network in the nucleus niger. These results indicate that the former three nuclei need a rich energy supply and argue against the possibility that the four nuclei have a secretory role. The neurons of the nucleus Edinger-Westphali may derive their energy mainly from glucose of the circulating blood, but glial cells may serve as energy donators to the neurons in the pars compacta of the nucleus niger, and the neurons of the other nuclei may derive energy from both sources. These conclusions are consistent with the morphological patterns of the Golgi apparatus.