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Conti F. Dietary Protocols to Promote and Improve Restful Sleep: A Narrative Review. Nutr Rev 2025:nuaf062. [PMID: 40418260 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaf062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Humans spend approximately one third of their life asleep but, as counterintuitive as it may sound, sleep is far from being a quiet state of inactivity. Sleep provides the opportunity to perform numerous biological and physiological functions that are essential to health and wellbeing, including memory consolidation, physical recovery, immunoregulation, and emotional processing. Yet, sleep deprivation, chronic sleep restriction, and various types of sleep disorders are all too common in modern society. Failure to meet the recommended 7-9 hours of restful sleep per night is known to increase the risk of several health conditions, reason why regular and adequate sleep should be seen as a priority instead of an unnecessary commodity easily traded as required by the commitments of our busy lives. While both the quantity and the quality of sleep can be largely improved with relatively straightforward practices dictated by good sleep hygiene, emerging research suggests that dietary and supplementation protocols focused on certain foods, nutrients, and biochemical compounds with sleep-promoting properties can act as subsidiary sleep aids in complementing these behavioral changes. The scope of this narrative review is to summarize the available evidence on the potential benefits of selected nutraceuticals in the context of circadian rhythm and sleep disturbances, namely melatonin, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, tart cherry juice, kiwifruit, apigenin, valerian root, L-theanine, glycine, ashwagandha, myoinositol, Rhodiola rosea, and phosphatidylserine. A comprehensive recapitulation of the relevant literature is provided, alongside corresponding evidence-based nutritional protocols to promote and improve restful sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Conti
- Madsen Building, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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2
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Hu X, Gao Y, Song Y, Yang X, Liu K, Luo B, Sun Y, Li L. The Effect of Mattress Firmness on Sleep Architecture and PSG Characteristics. Nat Sci Sleep 2025; 17:865-878. [PMID: 40365263 PMCID: PMC12071755 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s503222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of sleep environments on sleep quality is well-established; however, the specific role of mattress design remains underexplored. Existing studies focus primarily on ergonomic aspects, such as pressure relief and spinal support, yet lack conclusive evidence linking these features to improved sleep quality. Objective and Methods This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mattress firmness on sleep quality. Twelve participants with a moderate body mass index (BMI) were tested across three levels of mattress firmness: soft (32.6 HA), medium (64.6 HA), and firm (83.8 HA). Sleep architecture and neurophysiological activity were assessed using polysomnography (PSG), with EEG-derived features, including power spectral characteristics, sleep spindle activity, and slow-wave parameters, further analyzed. Results Our findings indicate that a medium-firm mattress provides better sleep quality, reflected in a narrower range (Range=xmax-xmin) of sleep duration, efficiency, and sleep latency, as well as increased sleep spindle activity. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant effect of mattress type on sleep latency (p < 0.05, partial η²=0.26), with sleep latency being longer on the soft mattress (12.42 ± 1.94 min) than the medium mattress (7.71 ± 1.31 min, p < 0.05). Another repeated-measures ANOVA showed significant differences in stage transitions (p < 0.05, partial η²=0.32), with more transitions on the soft mattress (29.17 ± 2.35) compared to the firm mattress (21.75 ± 2.13, p < 0.05). The firm mattress yielded mixed results, suggesting suitability for some individuals but not universally. Post-sleep vigilance differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion This study provides evidence that mattress firmness significantly influences sleep quality, with medium firmness offering optimal outcomes for individuals with a moderate BMI. The findings contribute to the development of scientifically informed mattress designs, including smart mattresses aimed at improving sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Hu
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
- School of Management, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi, 719000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Gao
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Song
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Yang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keyang Liu
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
- College of Fashion and Design Art, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People’s Republic of China
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van Hattem T, Verkaar L, Krugliakova E, Adelhöfer N, Zeising M, Drinkenburg WHIM, Claassen JAHR, Bódizs R, Dresler M, Rosenblum Y. Targeting Sleep Physiology to Modulate Glymphatic Brain Clearance. Physiology (Bethesda) 2025; 40:0. [PMID: 39601891 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep has been postulated to play an important role in the removal of potentially neurotoxic molecules, such as amyloid-β, from the brain via the glymphatic system. Disturbed sleep, on the other hand, may contribute to the accumulation of neurotoxins in brain tissue, eventually leading to neuronal death. A bidirectional relationship has been proposed between impaired sleep and neurodegenerative processes, which start years before the onset of clinical symptoms associated with conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Given the heavy burden these conditions place on society, it is imperative to develop interventions that promote efficient brain clearance, thereby potentially aiding in the prevention or slowing of neurodegeneration. In this review, we explore whether the metabolic clearance function of sleep can be enhanced through sensory (e.g., auditory, vestibular) or transcranial (e.g., magnetic, ultrasound, infrared light) stimulation, as well as pharmacological (e.g., antiepileptics) and behavioral (e.g., sleeping position, physical exercise, cognitive intervention) modulation of sleep physiology. A particular focus is placed on strategies to enhance slow-wave activity during nonrapid eye movement sleep as a driver of glymphatic brain clearance. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview on the potential preventative and therapeutic applications of sleep interventions in combating neurodegeneration, cognitive decline, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo van Hattem
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe Verkaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Krugliakova
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Adelhöfer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Zeising
- Klinikum Ingolstadt, Centre of Mental Health, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Wilhelmus H I M Drinkenburg
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Neurobiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A H R Claassen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Róbert Bódizs
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Martin Dresler
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Yevgenia Rosenblum
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Martinez-Cayuelas E, Moreno-Vinués B, Pérez-Sebastián I, Gavela-Pérez T, Del Rio-Camacho G, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Sleep problems and circadian rhythm functioning in autistic children, autism with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and typically developing children: A comparative study. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:3167-3185. [PMID: 38813763 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241254594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Sleep problems are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and different factors can contribute to its occurrence in this population. Misalignment of the biological clock (our circadian system) has been described as one possible explanation. While there is a body of research on sleep problems, relatively less is known about circadian functioning and the specific population of autistic children with co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using an ambulatory circadian monitoring (ACM) system, which resembles a common watch, we gathered sleep parameters and the different rhythms obtained from measuring motor activity, light exposure and distal temperature in 87 autistic children and adolescents, 27 of whom were diagnosed with co-occurring ADHD, and 30 neurotypical children and adolescents as a comparison group. Autistic children and, especially, those with co-occurring ADHD showed greater motor activity during sleep which would be worth studying in future projects which could better define this restless sleep. Of note, we observed an atypical pattern of wrist temperature, with higher values in neurotypical children, followed by autistic children and, ultimately, those with co-occurring ADHD. Temperature is one of the most valuable factors evaluated here as it is closely connected to sleep-wakefulness and the hormone melatonin. Its special pattern during day and nighttime would support the hypothesis of an atypical secretion of melatonin in autistic individuals which would also link with the higher presence of sleep problems in this neurodevelopmental condition.
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Szentirmai É, Buckley K, Kapás L. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-dependent mechanisms mediate sleep responses to microbial and thermal stimuli. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:325-338. [PMID: 39134184 PMCID: PMC11402559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) play a crucial role in sleep regulation, yet the broader physiological context that leads to the activation of the prostaglandin-mediated sleep-promoting system remains elusive. In this study, we explored sleep-inducing mechanisms potentially involving PGs, including microbial, immune and thermal stimuli as well as homeostatic sleep responses induced by short-term sleep deprivation using cyclooxygenase-2 knockout (COX-2 KO) mice and their wild-type littermates (WT). Systemic administration of 0.4 µg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced increased non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) and fever in WT animals, these effects were completely absent in COX-2 KO mice. This finding underscores the essential role of COX-2-dependent prostaglandins in mediating sleep and febrile responses to LPS. In contrast, the sleep and fever responses induced by tumor necrosis factor α, a proinflammatory cytokine which activates COX-2, were preserved in COX-2 KO animals, indicating that these effects are independent of COX-2-related signaling. Additionally, we examined the impact of ambient temperature on sleep. The sleep-promoting effects of moderate warm ambient temperature were suppressed in COX-2 KO animals, resulting in significantly reduced NREMS at ambient temperatures of 30 °C and 35 °C compared to WT mice. However, rapid-eye-movement sleep responses to moderately cold or warm temperatures did not differ between the two genotypes. Furthermore, 6 h of sleep deprivation induced rebound increases in sleep with no significant differences observed between COX-2 KO and WT mice. This suggests that while COX-2-derived prostaglandins are crucial for the somnogenic effects of increased ambient temperature, the homeostatic responses to sleep loss are COX-2-independent. Overall, the results highlight the critical role of COX-2-derived prostaglandins as mediators of the sleep-wake and thermoregulatory responses to various physiological challenges, including microbial, immune, and thermal stimuli. These findings emphasize the interconnected regulation of body temperature and sleep, with peripheral mechanisms emerging as key players in these integrative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Szentirmai
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA United States; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA United States.
| | - Katelin Buckley
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA United States
| | - Levente Kapás
- Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Washington State University, Spokane, WA United States; Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA United States
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Lee MC, Ho CS, Hsu YJ, Kan NW, Fei CY, Yang HJ, Huang CC. The Impact of DAZZEON αSleep ® Far-Infrared Blanket on Sleep, Blood Pressure, Vascular Health, Muscle Function, Inflammation, and Fatigue. Clocks Sleep 2024; 6:499-516. [PMID: 39311228 PMCID: PMC11417803 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep6030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of far-infrared blankets has shown certain benefits in health promotion and therapy, such as improving blood circulation and alleviating muscle pain. However, the effects of such blankets on increasing deep sleep, reducing blood pressure, enhancing memory, dilating microvessels for blood flow, reducing chronic inflammation, and decreasing fatigue remain to be studied. We aim to investigate the effects of the DAZZEON αSleep® far-infrared blanket on these indicators. This study adopted a double-blind design, recruiting 24 male participants aged over 45 years, divided into two groups of 12 each: (A) a placebo group and (B) a DAZZEON αSleep® group. The participants used the blanket every night for two weeks, with sleep records taken using a wearable device and blood pressure, blood oxygen levels, arterial stiffness, and surface temperature measured before and after the intervention. Blood samples were collected for an analysis of inflammation and sleep-related blood indicators (serotonin and melatonin), and exercise tests were conducted to assess fatigue improvement. Compared with before the intervention, the blanket significantly increased changes in grip strength and reaction time. Additionally, it significantly increased blood serotonin, melatonin, and nitric oxide concentrations (p < 0.05), thus significantly increasing deep sleep and REM sleep durations (p < 0.05) and improving subjective sleep quality (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that using the DAZZEON αSleep® far-infrared blanket for 14 consecutive days helps to improve blood circulation, reduce vascular age and arterial stiffness, increase serotonin and melatonin levels, and improve sleep quality, as well as enhances muscle strength and reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (C.-S.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Shan Ho
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (C.-S.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (C.-S.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Nai-Wen Kan
- Center for General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yin Fei
- Dazzeon Biotech Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 248022, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Jen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (C.-S.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Department of General Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan City 330063, Taiwan
- Tajen University, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City 333325, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (C.-S.H.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Tajen University, Pingtung County 907101, Taiwan
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Sharon O, Ben Simon E, Shah VD, Desel T, Walker MP. The new science of sleep: From cells to large-scale societies. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002684. [PMID: 38976664 PMCID: PMC11230563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, more remarkable revelations about sleep and its varied functions have arguably been made than in the previous 200. Building on this swell of recent findings, this essay provides a broad sampling of selected research highlights across genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological systems within the body, networks within the brain, and large-scale social dynamics. Based on this raft of exciting new discoveries, we have come to realize that sleep, in this moment of its evolution, is very much polyfunctional (rather than monofunctional), yet polyfunctional for reasons we had never previously considered. Moreover, these new polyfunctional insights powerfully reaffirm sleep as a critical biological, and thus health-sustaining, requisite. Indeed, perhaps the only thing more impressive than the unanticipated nature of these newly emerging sleep functions is their striking divergence, from operations of molecular mechanisms inside cells to entire group societal dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Sharon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eti Ben Simon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Vyoma D. Shah
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tenzin Desel
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew P. Walker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Moyen NE, Ediger TR, Taylor KM, Hancock EG, Holden LD, Tracy EE, Kay PH, Irick CR, Kotzen KJ, He DD. Sleeping for One Week on a Temperature-Controlled Mattress Cover Improves Sleep and Cardiovascular Recovery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:352. [PMID: 38671774 PMCID: PMC11048088 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Body temperature should be tightly regulated for optimal sleep. However, various extrinsic and intrinsic factors can alter body temperature during sleep. In a free-living study, we examined how sleep and cardiovascular health metrics were affected by sleeping for one week with (Pod ON) vs. without (Pod OFF), an active temperature-controlled mattress cover (the Eight Sleep Pod). A total of 54 subjects wore a home sleep test device (HST) for eight nights: four nights each with Pod ON and OFF (>300 total HST nights). Nightly sleeping heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected. Compared to Pod OFF, men and women sleeping at cooler temperatures in the first half of the night significantly improved deep (+14 min; +22% mean change; p = 0.003) and REM (+9 min; +25% mean change; p = 0.033) sleep, respectively. Men sleeping at warm temperatures in the second half of the night significantly improved light sleep (+23 min; +19% mean change; p = 0.023). Overall, sleeping HR (-2% mean change) and HRV (+7% mean change) significantly improved with Pod ON (p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first study to show a continuously temperature-regulated bed surface can (1) significantly modify time spent in specific sleep stages in certain parts of the night, and (2) enhance cardiovascular recovery during sleep.
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Jiang CS, Chen KM, Belcastro F. Effects of Temperature, Duration, and Heating Height of Foot Thermal Therapy on Sleep Quality of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:250-260. [PMID: 37855919 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sleep disturbances, which are common problems in older adults, often lead to cognitive decline and depression and may even increase mortality risk. Foot thermal therapy is a simple and safe approach for improving sleep and is associated with relatively few side effects. However, the effect of different operations of foot thermal therapy on sleep quality in older adults is inconclusive. This study aimed to access the effects of temperature, duration, and heating height of foot thermal therapy (administered through a footbath) on the subjective and objective sleep quality of older adults. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, eight databases were searched for all relevant articles published up to July 2023, and a rigorous systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. This study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42022383460). Inclusion criteria were: (1) participants with a mean age ≥60 years; (2) interventions that included foot thermal therapy; (3) a control group that received routine care but no thermal therapy; (4) outcome measurements that assessed sleep quality; and (5) the studies that utilized randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5.4. Results: A total of 11 studies were included. Foot thermal therapy before bedtime improved subjective sleep quality in older adults, with optimal parameters of 40°C temperature (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33 to 0.99), ≤20-min duration (SMD = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.93), and 10 cm heating height (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.45 to 1.11). Subgroup analyses revealed that a temperature of 41°C-42°C can improve objective sleep latency (SMD = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.99). Conclusions: It is recommended to administer foot thermal therapy (40°C; ≤20 min; 10 cm above the ankle) to older adults 1 h before their bedtime. If they have trouble falling asleep, the temperature can be increased to 41°C-42°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Syuan Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Jen Junior College of Health Sciences and Management, Chia-Yi County, Taiwan
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Min Chen
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Center for Long-Term Care Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Frank Belcastro
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, IA, USA
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Herberger S, Penzel T, Fietze I, Glos M, Cicolin A, Fattori E, Grimaldi D, Reid K, Zee P, Mason M, Kräuchi K. Enhanced conductive body heat loss during sleep increases slow-wave sleep and calms the heart. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4669. [PMID: 38409133 PMCID: PMC10897321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Substantial evidence suggests that the circadian decline of core body temperature (CBT) triggers the initiation of human sleep, with CBT continuing to decrease during sleep. Although the connection between habitual sleep and CBT patterns is established, the impact of external body cooling on sleep remains poorly understood. The main aim of the present study is to show whether a decline in body temperatures during sleep can be related to an increase in slow wave sleep (N3). This three-center study on 72 individuals of varying age, sex, and BMI used an identical type of a high-heat capacity mattress as a reproducible, non-disturbing way of body cooling, accompanied by measurements of CBT and proximal back skin temperatures, heart rate and sleep (polysomnography). The main findings were an increase in nocturnal sleep stage N3 (7.5 ± 21.6 min/7.5 h, mean ± SD; p = 0.0038) and a decrease in heart rate (- 2.36 ± 1.08 bpm, mean ± SD; p < 0.0001); sleep stage REM did not change (p = 0.3564). Subjects with a greater degree of body cooling exhibited a significant increase in nocturnal N3 and a decrease in REM sleep, mainly in the second part of the night. In addition, these subjects showed a phase advance in the NREM-REM sleep cycle distribution of N3 and REM. Both effects were significantly associated with increased conductive inner heat transfer, indicated by an increased CBT- proximal back skin temperature -gradient, rather than with changes in CBT itself. Our findings reveal a previously far disregarded mechanism in sleep research that has potential therapeutic implications: Conductive body cooling during sleep is a reliable method for promoting N3 and reducing heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Herberger
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Glos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Cicolin
- Sleep Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisa Fattori
- Sleep Disorder Center, Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Grimaldi
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kathryn Reid
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Phyllis Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Kurt Kräuchi
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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11
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Tsuyuki C, Suzuki K, Seo K, Ke D, Tsuge K, Deng P, Lu D, Naito H. Qualitative study of the association between psychosocial health and physical activity/sleep quality in toddlers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15704. [PMID: 37735193 PMCID: PMC10514029 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and sleep are important factors of mental and physical health in children, with some reports indicating that their effects can persist into adulthood. However, there is limited research on the qualitative aspects of physical activity and sleep in preschool children, particularly in those aged < 3 years. Therefore, to elucidate the association between psychosocial health and physical activity/sleep in early childhood in terms of qualitative aspects, we conducted a retrospective cohort study in 2985 3-year-old children (37.2 ± 0.75 months) in Shanghai, China. An analysis using structural equation modeling indicated that current physical activity had a direct and moderate impact on current psychosocial health evaluated using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. In particular, past physical activity had an indirect and mild effect on current psychosocial health via current physical activity in girls. However, regardless of sex, past sleep quality had slight impact on current psychosocial health, not only indirectly via current sleep quality, but also directly. These findings highlight the importance of considering the qualitative aspects of physical activity and sleep quality as significant factors influencing the current and future psychosocial health of children, even at a very early age (< 3 years).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisa Tsuyuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan.
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Kanako Seo
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Tokyo Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2-1-3 Bunka, Sumida-Ku, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Dandan Ke
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Kyoko Tsuge
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
- Tochigi Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Pengyu Deng
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Dajiang Lu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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12
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Yoon H, Choi SH. Closed-Loop Auditory Stimulation to Guide Respiration: Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Effect on Time Spent in Sleep Initiation during a Nap. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6468. [PMID: 37514760 PMCID: PMC10386535 DOI: 10.3390/s23146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Various stimulation systems to modulate sleep structure and function have been introduced. However, studies on the time spent in sleep initiation (TSSI) are limited. This study proposes a closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) to gradually modulate respiratory rhythm linked to the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity directly associated with sleep. CLAS is continuously updated to reflect the individual's current respiratory frequency and pattern. Six participants took naps on different days with and without CLAS. The average values of the TSSI are 14.00 ± 4.24 and 9.67 ± 5.31 min in the control and stimulation experiments (p < 0.03), respectively. Further, the values of respiratory instability and heart rate variability differ significantly between the control and stimulation experiments. Based on our findings, CLAS supports the individuals to gradually modulate their respiratory rhythms to have similar characteristics observed near sleep initiation, and the changed respiratory rhythms influence ANS activities, possibly influencing sleep initiation. Our approach aims to modulate the respiratory rhythm, which can be controlled intentionally. Therefore, this method can probably be used for sleep initiation and daytime applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heenam Yoon
- Department of Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
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13
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Bigalke JA, Cleveland EL, Barkstrom E, Gonzalez JE, Carter JR. Core body temperature changes before sleep are associated with nocturnal heart rate variability. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:136-145. [PMID: 37262106 PMCID: PMC10292981 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Core body temperature (CBT) reductions occur before and during the sleep period, with the extent of presleep reductions corresponding to sleep onset and quality. Presleep reductions in CBT coincide with increased cardiac parasympathetic activity measured via heart rate variability (HRV), and while this appears to persist into the sleep period, individual differences in presleep CBT decline and nocturnal HRV remain unexplored. The purpose of the current study was to assess the relationship between individual differences in presleep CBT reductions and nocturnal heart rate (HR) and HRV in a population of 15 objectively poor sleeping adults [10 males, 5 females; age, 33 ± 4 yr; body mass index (BMI) 27 ± 1 kg/m2] with the hypothesis that blunted CBT rate of decline would be associated with elevated HR and reduced nocturnal HRV. Following an adaptation night, all participants underwent an overnight, in-laboratory sleep study with simultaneous recording of polysomnographic sleep including electrocardiography (ECG) and CBT recording. Correlations between CBT rate of change before sleep and nocturnal HRV were assessed. Blunted rate of CBT decline was significantly associated with increased heart rate (HR) in stage 2 (N2; R = 0.754, P = 0.001), stage 3 (N3; R = 0.748, P = 0.001), and rapid-eye movement (REM; R = 0.735, P = 0.002). Similarly, blunted rate of CBT decline before sleep was associated with reduced HRV across sleep stages. These findings indicate a relationship between individual differences in presleep thermoregulatory processes and nocturnal cardiac autonomic function in poor sleeping adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Core body temperature (CBT) reductions before sleep onset coincide with increases in heart rate variability (HRV) that persist throughout the sleep period. However, the relationship between individual differences in the efficiency of presleep core temperature regulation and nocturnal heart rate variability remains equivocal. The present study reports an association between the magnitude of presleep core body temperature changes and nocturnal parasympathetic activity, highlighting overlap between thermoregulatory processes before sleep and nocturnal cardiac autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Bigalke
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States
| | - Emily L Cleveland
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | - Elyse Barkstrom
- Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States
| | - Joshua E Gonzalez
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Department of Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, United States
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
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14
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Tai Y, Obayashi K, Yamagami Y, Saeki K. Association between circadian skin temperature rhythms and actigraphic sleep measures in real-life settings. J Clin Sleep Med 2023; 19:1281-1292. [PMID: 37394793 PMCID: PMC10315598 DOI: 10.5664/jcsm.10590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Skin temperature manipulation with little or no change in core body temperature affects sleep-wake states; however, the association of 24-hour skin temperature variation with sleep quality has not been investigated in a large-scale population. We examined the association between the circadian rhythm of distal skin temperature and sleep quality in real-life settings and aimed to provide additional evidence of the link between thermoregulation and sleep-wake states. METHODS In this cross-sectional study of 2,187 community-dwelling adults, we measured distal skin temperature at the ventral forearm at 3-minute intervals for 7 consecutive days to calculate nonparametric indicators of a circadian skin temperature rhythm, including intradaily variability, interdaily stability, and relative amplitude. Participants underwent simultaneous 7-day wrist actigraphy to objectively measure sleep quality. The association between nonparametric circadian skin temperature rhythm indicators and 7-day sleep measures was evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. RESULTS Lower intradaily variability and higher interdaily stability and relative amplitude of distal skin temperature were significantly associated with higher sleep efficiency, shorter wake after sleep onset, and longer total sleep time (all P < .001). After adjusting for demographic, clinical, and environmental factors, the coefficients for the linear trend of sleep efficiency were -1.20 (95% confidence interval: -1.53, -0.87), 1.08 (95% confidence interval: 0.80-1.36), and 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.04-1.89) per quartile increase in intradaily variability, interdaily stability, and relative amplitude, respectively (all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Distal skin temperature with lower fluctuations and higher regularity and rhythm amplitudes was associated with better sleep quality. Our results could be applied in chronobiological interventions to improve sleep quality. CITATION Tai Y, Obayashi K, Yamagami Y, Saeki K. Association between circadian skin temperature rhythms and actigraphic sleep measures in real-life settings. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(7):1281-1292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tai
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kenji Obayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Yamagami
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Keigo Saeki
- Department of Epidemiology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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15
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Kawasaki Y, Kitamura E, Kasai T. Impact of Body Composition on Sleep and Its Relationship with Sleep Disorders: Current Insights. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:375-388. [PMID: 37220427 PMCID: PMC10200107 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s340946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is involved in many physiological processes and is essential for both physical and mental health. Obesity and sleep deprivation due to sleep disorders are major public health issues. Their incidence is increasing, and they have a wide range of adverse health-related consequences, including life-threatening cardiovascular disease. The impact of sleep on obesity and body composition is well-known, and many studies have shown an association between insufficient or excessive sleep duration and obesity, body fat percentage, and weight gain. However, there is growing evidence of the effects of body composition on sleep and sleep disorders (particularly sleep disordered breathing) through anatomical and physiological mechanisms (nocturnal fluid shift, core body temperature, or diet). Although some research has been conducted on the bidirectional effects of sleep-disordered breathing and body composition, the specific effects of obesity and body composition on sleep and the underlying mechanisms that explain these effects remain unclear. Therefore, this review summarizes the findings on the effects of body composition on sleep and draws conclusions and proposals for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kawasaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Kitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kasai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sleep and Sleep-Disordered Breathing Center, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Cardiovascular Respiratory Sleep Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Management and Remote Monitoring, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Martinez-Cayuelas E, Merino-Andreu M, Losada-Del Pozo R, Gavela-Pérez T, Garcés C, Soriano-Guillén L. Response to Melatonin Treatment in Children With Autism spectrum Disorder and Relationship to Sleep Parameters and Melatonin Levels. J Child Neurol 2023:8830738231173606. [PMID: 37192744 DOI: 10.1177/08830738231173606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is one of the most used pharmacologic treatments for sleep problems in autism spectrum disorder, though its relationship with circadian and sleep parameters is still not well stablished. A naturalistic study was conducted in children with autism spectrum disorder, previously drug-naïve, before and after treatment with immediate-release melatonin. Circadian rhythms and sleep parameters were studied using an ambulatory circadian-monitoring device, and saliva samples were collected enabling determination of dim light melatonin onset. Twenty-six children with autism spectrum disorder (age 10.50 ± 2.91) were included. Immediate-release melatonin modified circadian rhythm as indicated by wrist skin temperature, showing an increase at night. A positive correlation was found between time of peak melatonin and sleep efficiency improvement values. Sleep-onset latency and efficiency improved with immediate-release melatonin. Immediate-release melatonin could be an effective treatment to improve sleep onset and restore a typical pattern of wrist temperature, which appears to be lost in autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martinez-Cayuelas
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Milagros Merino-Andreu
- Neurophisiology, Sleep Unit, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Losada-Del Pozo
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria- Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Zavecz Z, Shah VD, Murillo OG, Vallat R, Mander BA, Winer JR, Jagust WJ, Walker MP. NREM sleep as a novel protective cognitive reserve factor in the face of Alzheimer's disease pathology. BMC Med 2023; 21:156. [PMID: 37138290 PMCID: PMC10155344 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology impairs cognitive function. Yet some individuals with high amounts of AD pathology suffer marked memory impairment, while others with the same degree of pathology burden show little impairment. Why is this? One proposed explanation is cognitive reserve i.e., factors that confer resilience against, or compensation for the effects of AD pathology. Deep NREM slow wave sleep (SWS) is recognized to enhance functions of learning and memory in healthy older adults. However, that the quality of NREM SWS (NREM slow wave activity, SWA) represents a novel cognitive reserve factor in older adults with AD pathology, thereby providing compensation against memory dysfunction otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden, remains unknown. METHODS Here, we tested this hypothesis in cognitively normal older adults (N = 62) by combining 11C-PiB (Pittsburgh compound B) positron emission tomography (PET) scanning for the quantification of β-amyloid (Aβ) with sleep electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to quantify NREM SWA and a hippocampal-dependent face-name learning task. RESULTS We demonstrated that NREM SWA significantly moderates the effect of Aβ status on memory function. Specifically, NREM SWA selectively supported superior memory function in individuals suffering high Aβ burden, i.e., those most in need of cognitive reserve (B = 2.694, p = 0.019). In contrast, those without significant Aβ pathological burden, and thus without the same need for cognitive reserve, did not similarly benefit from the presence of NREM SWA (B = -0.115, p = 0.876). This interaction between NREM SWA and Aβ status predicting memory function was significant after correcting for age, sex, Body Mass Index, gray matter atrophy, and previously identified cognitive reserve factors, such as education and physical activity (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that NREM SWA is a novel cognitive reserve factor providing resilience against the memory impairment otherwise caused by high AD pathology burden. Furthermore, this cognitive reserve function of NREM SWA remained significant when accounting both for covariates, and factors previously linked to resilience, suggesting that sleep might be an independent cognitive reserve resource. Beyond such mechanistic insights are potential therapeutic implications. Unlike many other cognitive reserve factors (e.g., years of education, prior job complexity), sleep is a modifiable factor. As such, it represents an intervention possibility that may aid the preservation of cognitive function in the face of AD pathology, both present moment and longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Zavecz
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Vyoma D Shah
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Olivia G Murillo
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Raphael Vallat
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bryce A Mander
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Joseph R Winer
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- Department of Psychology, Center for Human Sleep Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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18
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Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental, evolutionarily conserved, plastic behavior that is regulated by circadian and homeostatic mechanisms as well as genetic factors and environmental factors, such as light, humidity, and temperature. Among environmental cues, temperature plays an important role in the regulation of sleep. This review presents an overview of thermoreception in animals and the neural circuits that link this process to sleep. Understanding the influence of temperature on sleep can provide insight into basic physiologic processes that are required for survival and guide strategies to manage sleep disorders.
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20
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Haman F, Souza SCS, Castellani JW, Dupuis MP, Friedl KE, Sullivan-Kwantes W, Kingma BRM. Human vulnerability and variability in the cold: Establishing individual risks for cold weather injuries. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 9:158-195. [PMID: 36106152 PMCID: PMC9467591 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2044740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tolerance to cold environments is extremely limited and responses between individuals is highly variable. Such physiological and morphological predispositions place them at high risk of developing cold weather injuries [CWI; including hypothermia and/or non-freezing (NFCI) and freezing cold injuries (FCI)]. The present manuscript highlights current knowledge on the vulnerability and variability of human cold responses and associated risks of developing CWI. This review 1) defines and categorizes cold stress and CWI, 2) presents cold defense mechanisms including biological adaptations, acute responses and acclimatization/acclimation and, 3) proposes mitigation strategies for CWI. This body of evidence clearly indicates that all humans are at risk of developing CWI without adequate knowledge and protective equipment. In addition, we show that while body mass plays a key role in mitigating risks of hypothermia between individuals and populations, NFCI and FCI depend mainly on changes in peripheral blood flow and associated decrease in skin temperature. Clearly, understanding the large interindividual variability in morphology, insulation, and metabolism is essential to reduce potential risks for CWI between and within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Haman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara C. S. Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,Ontario, Canada
| | - John W. Castellani
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria-P. Dupuis
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,Ontario, Canada
| | - Karl E. Friedl
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy Sullivan-Kwantes
- Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, Defence Research Development Canada-Toronto, Defence Research and Development Canada, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boris R. M. Kingma
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, Department of Human Performance, Unit Defence, Safety and Security, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
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21
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Garcia-Molina G, Jiang J. Interbeat interval-based sleep staging: work in progress toward real-time implementation. Physiol Meas 2022; 43. [PMID: 35297780 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac5a78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Cardiac activity changes during sleep enable real-time sleep staging. We developed a deep neural network (DNN) to detect sleep stages using interbeat intervals (IBIs) extracted from electrocardiogram signals.Approach. Data from healthy and apnea subjects were used for training and validation; 2 additional datasets (healthy and sleep disorders subjects) were used for testing. R-peak detection was used to determine IBIs before resampling at 2 Hz; the resulting signal was segmented into 150 s windows (30 s shift). DNN output approximated the probabilities of a window belonging to light, deep, REM, or wake stages. Cohen's Kappa, accuracy, and sensitivity/specificity per stage were determined, and Kappa was optimized using thresholds on probability ratios for each stage versus light sleep.Main results. Mean (SD) Kappa and accuracy for 4 sleep stages were 0.44 (0.09) and 0.65 (0.07), respectively, in healthy subjects. For 3 sleep stages (light+deep, REM, and wake), Kappa and accuracy were 0.52 (0.12) and 0.76 (0.07), respectively. Algorithm performance on data from subjects with REM behavior disorder or periodic limb movement disorder was significantly worse, with Kappa of 0.24 (0.09) and 0.36 (0.12), respectively. Average processing time by an ARM microprocessor for a 300-sample window was 19.2 ms.Significance. IBIs can be obtained from a variety of cardiac signals, including electrocardiogram, photoplethysmography, and ballistocardiography. The DNN algorithm presented is 3 orders of magnitude smaller compared with state-of-the-art algorithms and was developed to perform real-time, IBI-based sleep staging. With high specificity and moderate sensitivity for deep and REM sleep, small footprint, and causal processing, this algorithm may be used across different platforms to perform real-time sleep staging and direct intervention strategies.Novelty & Significance(92/100 words) This article describes the development and testing of a deep neural network-based algorithm to detect sleep stages using interbeat intervals, which can be obtained from a variety of cardiac signals including photoplethysmography, electrocardiogram, and ballistocardiography. Based on the interbeat intervals identified in electrocardiogram signals, the algorithm architecture included a group of convolution layers and a group of long short-term memory layers. With its small footprint, fast processing time, high specificity and good sensitivity for deep and REM sleep, this algorithm may provide a good option for real-time sleep staging to direct interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiewei Jiang
- Sleep Number Labs, San Jose, CA, United States of America
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22
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Martínez-Cayuelas E, Rodríguez-Morilla B, Soriano-Guillén L, Merino-Andreu M, Moreno-Vinués B, Gavela-Pérez T. Sleep Problems and Circadian Functioning in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 126:57-64. [PMID: 34740134 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep problems are a prevalent comorbidity in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a multifactorial basis in which circadian misalignment has been described. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted including 52 children and adolescents with ASD (9.85 ± 3.07) and 27 children and adolescent controls with normal intellectual functioning (8.81 ± 2.14). They were matched for age, sex, and body mass index, and all were drug-naïve. An ambulatory circadian monitoring device was used to record temperature and motor, body position, sleep, and light intensity. RESULTS Individuals with ASD presented longer sleep-onset latency, lower sleep efficiency, and decreased total sleep time and tended to be more sedentary and have less exposure to light. They also showed lower amplitude, low interdaily stability, and a different pattern of wrist temperature across the day, with a midpoint of sleep that did not concur with sleep midpoint indicated by the rest of circadian parameters. CONCLUSIONS The sleep problems observed in this sample resemble those reported previously, with the exception of nocturnal awakenings which did not show differences. The ambulatory circadian monitoring device enabled measurement of circadian parameters such as temperature which, until now, were scarcely described in children with ASD and could be used to better understand sleep and circadian system in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Martínez-Cayuelas
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Moreno-Vinués
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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23
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McCabe SM, Abbiss CR, Libert JP, Bach V. Functional links between thermoregulation and sleep in children with neurodevelopmental and chronic health conditions. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:866951. [PMID: 36451768 PMCID: PMC9703054 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bi-directional relationship between sleep and wake is recognized as important for all children. It is particularly consequential for children who have neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) or health conditions which challenge their sleep and biological rhythms, and their ability to maintain rhythms of participation in everyday activities. There are many studies which report the diverse reasons for disruption to sleep in these populations. Predominantly, there is focus on respiratory, pharmaceutical, and behavioral approaches to management. There is, however, little exploration and explanation of the important effects of body thermoregulation on children's sleep-wake patterns, and associated behaviors. Circadian patterns of sleep-wake are dependent on patterns of body temperature change, large enough to induce sleep preparedness but remaining within a range to avoid sleep disturbances when active thermoregulatory responses against heat or cold are elicited (to maintain thermoneutrality). Additionally, the subjective notion of thermal comfort (which coincides with the objective concept of thermoneutrality) is of interest as part of general comfort and associated behavioral responses for sleep onset and maintenance. Children's thermoregulation and thermal comfort are affected by diverse biological functions, as well as their participation in everyday activities, within their everyday environments. Hence, the aforementioned populations are additionally vulnerable to disruption of their thermoregulatory system and their capacity for balance of sleep and wakefulness. The purpose of this paper is to present hitherto overlooked information, for consideration by researchers and clinicians toward determining assessment and intervention approaches to support children's thermoregulation functions and promote their subjective thermal comfort, for improved regulation of their sleep and wake functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Véronique Bach
- PeriTox UMR_I 01, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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Caggiari G, Talesa GR, Toro G, Jannelli E, Monteleone G, Puddu L. What type of mattress should be chosen to avoid back pain and improve sleep quality? Review of the literature. J Orthop Traumatol 2021; 22:51. [PMID: 34878594 PMCID: PMC8655046 DOI: 10.1186/s10195-021-00616-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy spent during daily activities is recuperated by humans through sleep, ensuring optimal performance on the following day. Sleep disturbances are common: a meta-analysis on sleep quality showed that 15-30% of adults report sleep disorders, such as sleep onset latency (SOL), insufficient duration of sleep and frequently waking up at night. Low back pain (LBP) has been identified as one of the main causes of poor sleep quality. Literature findings are discordant on the type of mattress that might prevent onset of back pain, resulting in an improved quality of sleep. We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published until 2019, investigating the association of different mattresses with sleep quality and low back pain. Based on examined studies, mattresses were classified according to the European Committee for Standardization (2000) as: soft, medium-firm, extra-firm or mattresses customized for patients affected by supine decubitus. A total of 39 qualified articles have been included in the current systematic review. Results of this systematic review show that a medium-firm mattress promotes comfort, sleep quality and rachis alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfilippo Caggiari
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rocco Talesa
- Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, University of Perugia, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06129, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Toro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Eugenio Jannelli
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Fondazione Policlinico IRCCS San Matteo, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gaetano Monteleone
- Orthopaedic, Trauma and Spine Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, AOU Policlinico Consorziale, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Puddu
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Rovereto - Arco Hospital, 38068, Rovereto, Italy
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Li L, Nakamura T, Hayano J, Yamamoto Y. Seasonal Sleep Variations and Their Association With Meteorological Factors: A Japanese Population Study Using Large-Scale Body Acceleration Data. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:677043. [PMID: 34713148 PMCID: PMC8521927 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.677043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal changes in meteorological factors [e.g., ambient temperature (Ta), humidity, and sunlight] could significantly influence a person's sleep, possibly resulting in the seasonality of sleep properties (timing and quality). However, population-based studies on sleep seasonality or its association with meteorological factors remain limited, especially those using objective sleep data. Japan has clear seasonality with distinctive changes in meteorological variables among seasons, thereby suitable for examining sleep seasonality and the effects of meteorological factors. This study aimed to investigate seasonal variations in sleep properties in a Japanese population (68,604 individuals) and further identify meteorological factors contributing to sleep seasonality. Here we used large-scale objective sleep data estimated from body accelerations by machine learning. Sleep parameters such as total sleep time, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and wake time after sleep onset demonstrated significant seasonal variations, showing that sleep quality in summer was worse than that in other seasons. While bedtime did not show clear seasonality, get-up time varied seasonally, with a nadir during summer, and positively correlated with the sunrise time. Estimated by the abovementioned sleep parameters, Ta had a practically meaningful association with sleep quality, indicating that sleep quality worsened with the increase of Ta. This association would partly explain seasonal variations in sleep quality among seasons. In conclusion, Ta had a principal role for seasonality in sleep quality, and the sunrise time chiefly determined the get-up time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan.,Intasect Communications, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichiro Hayano
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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26
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Roberts IE, Murphy CJ, Goosey-Tolfrey VL. Sleep disruption considerations for Paralympic athletes competing at Tokyo 2020. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:1159-1172. [PMID: 34184496 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of sleep is now recognized as an important component for success in athletic performance, and sleep is proposed to be one of the most effective recovery strategies available. Insufficient sleep is commonly reported among athletes while several factors have been put forward to explain why elite athletes might experience poor sleep. However, Paralympic athletes may be predisposed to a greater risk of poor sleep due to the associated complexities of some impairment types. In fact, clinical research has previously shown that individuals with disabilities have a higher prevalence of sleep disturbances when compared to their able-bodied counterparts. However, research and evidence-based practices regarding the sleep of elite Paralympic athletes are limited. Firstly, this narrative review aims to identify challenges associated with the Paralympic games to obtain optimal sleep. Secondly, identify the specific risk factors to sleep associated with particular impairment groups within the Paralympic population, and lastly to propose potential sleep-enhancing strategies that might be of relevance for Paralympic athletes. From this review, initial observations have identified that Paralympic athletes may have a heightened risk of sleep-related problems, and importantly highlighted the current lack of understanding within this population group. Furthermore, this review identified where further research is warranted to better understand how specific impairments impact sleep and, consequently, athletic performance. Additionally, this review highlighted that the forthcoming Tokyo games may offer a unique challenge for athletes trying to obtain optimal sleep, due to the anticipated thermal demands and the consequent irregular scheduling of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifan E Roberts
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Conor J Murphy
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.,The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sports, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Vicky L Goosey-Tolfrey
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine (NCSEM), School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK - .,The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sports, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Awais M, Long X, Yin B, Farooq Abbasi S, Akbarzadeh S, Lu C, Wang X, Wang L, Zhang J, Dudink J, Chen W. A Hybrid DCNN-SVM Model for Classifying Neonatal Sleep and Wake States Based on Facial Expressions in Video. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2021; 25:1441-1449. [PMID: 33857007 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2021.3073632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a natural phenomenon controlled by the central nervous system. The sleep-wake pattern, which functions as an essential indicator of neurophysiological organization in the neonatal period, has profound meaning in the prediction of cognitive diseases and brain maturity. In recent years, unobtrusive sleep monitoring and automatic sleep staging have been intensively studied for adults, but much less for neonates. This work aims to investigate a novel video-based unobtrusive method for neonatal sleep-wake classification by analyzing the behavioral changes in the neonatal facial region. A hybrid model is proposed to monitor the sleep-wake patterns of human neonates. The model combines two algorithms: deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and support vector machine (SVM), where DCNN works as a trainable feature extractor and SVM as a classifier. Data was collected from nineteen Chinese neonates at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. The classification results are compared with the gold standard of video-electroencephalography scored by pediatric neurologists. Validations indicate that the proposed hybrid DCNN-SVM model achieved reliable performances in classifying neonatal sleep and wake states in RGB video frames (with the face region detected), with an accuracy of 93.8 ± 2.2% and an F1-score 0.93 ± 0.3.
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Cerri M, Amici R. Thermoregulation and Sleep: Functional Interaction and Central Nervous Control. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1591-1604. [PMID: 33792906 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Each of the wake-sleep states is characterized by specific changes in autonomic activity and bodily functions. The goal of such changes is not always clear. During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, the autonomic outflow and the activity of the endocrine system, the respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, and the thermoregulatory system seem to be directed at increasing energy saving. During rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the goal of the specific autonomic and regulatory changes is unclear, since a large instability of autonomic activity and cardiorespiratory function is observed in concomitance with thermoregulatory changes, which are apparently non-functional to thermal homeostasis. Reciprocally, the activation of thermoregulatory responses under thermal challenges interferes with sleep occurrence. Such a double-edged and reciprocal interaction between sleep and thermoregulation may be favored by the fact that the central network controlling sleep overlaps in several parts with the central network controlling thermoregulation. The understanding of the central mechanism behind the interaction between sleep and thermoregulation may help to understand the functionality of thermoregulatory sleep-related changes and, ultimately, the function(s) of sleep. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1591-1604, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences - Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Reid KJ, Kräuchi K, Grimaldi D, Sbarboro J, Attarian H, Malkani R, Mason M, Zee PC. Effects of manipulating body temperature on sleep in postmenopausal women. Sleep Med 2021; 81:109-115. [PMID: 33647762 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES A decline in sleep quality, slow wave sleep (SWS) and slow wave activity (SWA) are common in older adults. Prior studies have shown that manipulating body temperature during sleep can increase SWS/SWA. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of manipulation of body temperatures during sleep, using a high heat capacity mattress, on SWS/SWA and heart rate in post-menopausal women. METHODS Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women between 40 and 75 years of age (mean age 62.4 ± 8.2 years, mean BMI 25.4 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized in a single-blind, counterbalanced, cross-over manner to sleep on either a high heat capacity mattress (HHCM) or a low heat capacity mattress (LHCM) a week apart. Sleep was recorded using polysomnography during an 8-h sleep opportunity. Core and peripheral temperature were recorded using an ingestible capsule and thermochron respectively. RESULTS In comparison to the LHCM, sleep on HHCM exhibited a selective increase in SWS (average increase in Stage N3 of 9.6 min (2.1%), p = 0.04) and in slow oscillatory (SO) activity (0.5-1 Hz) in the first NREM/REM cycle (p = 0.04). In addition, the HHCM induced a greater reduction in core body temperature (p = 0.002). The reduction in core body temperature (first 180 min after lights out) from LHCM to HHCM was associated (r = 0.5, p = 0.012) with the increase in SO activity (SO cycle 1 and 2/cycle 3 and 4). Average heart rate was 1.6 beats/minute lower across the night on the HHCM compared to the LHCM (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that manipulation of body temperature during sleep may be a useful approach to enhance SWS sleep in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Reid
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kurt Kräuchi
- Psychiatric University Clinics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Grimaldi
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Sbarboro
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hrayr Attarian
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roneil Malkani
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Phyllis C Zee
- Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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30
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Eggert T, Dorn H, Sauter C, Schmid G, Danker-Hopfe H. RF-EMF exposure effects on sleep - Age doesn't matter in men! ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110173. [PMID: 32931791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are several human experimental studies on short-term effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) on sleep, the role of effect modification by sex or age in this context has not yet been considered. In an earlier study, we observed sex differences in RF-EMF effects in elderly subjects. The present study investigated possible RF-EMF effect modifications by age in men. METHODS Data available for the present analysis come from three double-blind, randomized cross-over studies, in which effects of different RF-EMF exposure signals on sleep were investigated in young [sample 1: 25.3 (mean) ± 2.6 (SD) years; sample 2: 25.4 ± 2.6 years; n = 30, respectively] and older (69.1 ± 5.5 years; n = 30) healthy male volunteers. Studies comprised a screening/adaptation night followed by nine experimental nights at two-week intervals. RF-EMF exposure effect modifications by age were analysed for two different exposure signals (GSM900 at 2 W/kg, TETRA at 6 W/kg), each compared to a sham exposure. Polysomnography, during which the exposure signals were delivered by a head worn antenna, as well as sleep staging were performed according to the AASM standard. Four subjective and 30 objective sleep parameters were statistically analysed related to possible RF-EMF effects. RESULTS Comparisons of sleep parameters observed under sham exposure revealed highly pronounced physiological differences between young and elderly men. A consistent exposure effect in both age groups was found for a shorter latency to persistent sleep under TETRA exposure reflecting a sleep-promoting effect. Exposure effect modifications by age were observed for two of the four self-reported sleep parameters following GSM900 exposure and for arousals during REM sleep under TETRA exposure. CONCLUSIONS As effects of a short-term all-night RF-EMF exposure on sleep occurred only sporadically in young and elderly men, it seems that age doesn't matter in this respect. However, as long as there are no corresponding data from young healthy women that would allow a comparison with the data from elderly women, this assumption cannot be conclusively verified. Nevertheless, the present results are not indicative of any adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Eggert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, at the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Dorn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, at the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Sauter
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, at the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gernot Schmid
- Seibersdorf Laboratories, 2444, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Heidi Danker-Hopfe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of the Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Competence Centre for Sleep Medicine, at the Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200, Berlin, Germany.
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31
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Periocular skin warming promotes body heat loss and sleep onset: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20325. [PMID: 33230185 PMCID: PMC7683599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77192-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Periocular skin warming was reported to have favorable effects on subjective and objective sleep quality. We hypothesized that enhancing body heat loss by periocular skin warming would reduce sleep onset and improve sleep quality. Eighteen healthy volunteers were asked to maintain wakefulness with their eyes closed for 60 min after applying either a warming or sham eye mask, followed by a 60-min sleep period. Compared to the sham, periocular warming increased the distal skin temperature and distal-proximal skin temperature gradient only during the 30-min thermal manipulation period. In the subsequent sleep period, periocular warming facilitated sleep onset, increased stage 2 sleep and electroencephalographic delta activity during the first half of the sleep period relative to the sham. These results suggest that periocular skin warming may accelerate and deepen sleep by enhancing physiological heat loss via the distal skin, mimicking physiological conditions preceding habitual sleep.
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Bach V, Abbiss CR, Libert JP, McCabe SM. Skin Temperatures of Back or Neck Are Better Than Abdomen for Indication of Average Proximal Skin Temperature During Sleep of School-Aged Children. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:494528. [PMID: 33061911 PMCID: PMC7530240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.494528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal skin temperature and whether it is possible to reduce the number of sites of measures, in order to limit the experimental effects in natural settings. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the most suitable single skin temperature sites for representation of average proximal skin temperature during sleep of school aged children. METHODS Statistical analyses were applied to skin temperature data of 22 children, aged 6 to 12 years, measured over four consecutive school nights in their home settings, to compare single site measures of abdomen, back, neck, forehead and subclavicular skin temperatures (local temperatures) with average proximal skin temperatures. RESULTS Abdomen and forehead skin temperatures were significantly different (respectively higher and lower) to the other local proximal temperatures and to average proximal skin temperatures. Moreover, the time pattern of forehead temperature was very different from that of the other local temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Local forehead and abdomen skin temperatures are least suitable as single site representations of average proximal skin temperatures in school aged children when considering both the level and the time course pattern of the temperature across the night. Conversely, back and neck temperatures provide most fitting representation of average proximal skin temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bach
- Peritox, UMR_I 01, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | | | - Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Herberger S, Kräuchi K, Glos M, Lederer K, Assmus L, Hein J, Penzel T, Fietze I. Effects of sleep on a high-heat capacity mattress on sleep stages, EEG power spectra, cardiac interbeat intervals and body temperatures in healthy middle-aged men‡. Sleep 2019; 43:5611315. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
This study deals with the question whether a slow (non-disturbing) reduction of core body temperature (CBT) during sleep increases sleep stage N3 and EEG slow wave energy (SWE) and leads to a slowing of heart rate in humans.
Participants
Thirty-two healthy male subjects with a mean ± SD age 46 ± 4 years and body mass index 25.2 ± 1.8 kg/m2.
Methods
A high-heat capacity mattress (HM) was used to lower body temperatures in sleep and was compared to a conventional low-heat capacity mattress (LM) in a double-blinded fashion. Polysomnography was performed accompanied by measurements of skin-, core body- and mattress surface-temperatures, and heart rate. EEG power spectral analyses were carried out using Fast Fourier Transform. Interbeat intervals were derived from the electrocardiogram.
Results
The HM led to a larger decline in CBT, mediated through higher heat conduction from the core via the proximal back skin onto the mattress together with reduced heart rate. These effects occurred together with a significant increase in sleep stage N3 and standardized slow wave energy (sSWE, 0.791–4.297 Hz) accumulated in NREM sleep. In the 2nd half of the night sSWE increase was significantly correlated with body temperature changes, for example with CBT decline in the same phase.
Conclusions
A HM subtly decreases CBT, leading to an increased amount of sleep stage N3 and of sSWE, as well as a slowing of heart rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Herberger
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Kräuchi
- Psychiatric University Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Glos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Advanced Sleep Research GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Assmus
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Hein
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Penzel
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Advanced Sleep Research GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Fietze
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Advanced Sleep Research GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Skin and body warming help initiate sleep, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. New research in mice shows that skin warming recruits a previously unidentified hypothalamic circuit that functions to promote sleep and body cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Peever
- Centre for Biological Timing and Cognition, Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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36
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Beckwith EJ, French AS. Sleep in Drosophila and Its Context. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1167. [PMID: 31572216 PMCID: PMC6749028 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent idea emerging from the study of sleep is that this key behavioural state is regulated in a complex fashion by ecologically and physiologically relevant environmental factors. This concept implies that sleep, as a behaviour, is plastic and can be regulated by external agents and changes in internal state. Drosophila melanogaster constitutes a resourceful model system to study behaviour. In the year 2000, the utility of the fly to study sleep was realised, and has since extensively contributed to this exciting field. At the centre of this review, we will discuss studies showing that temperature, food availability/quality, and interactions with conspecifics can regulate sleep. Indeed the relationship can be reciprocal and sleep perturbation can also affect feeding and social interaction. In particular, different environmental temperatures as well as gradual changes in temperature regulate when, and how much flies sleep. Moreover, the satiation/starvation status of an individual dictates the balance between sleep and foraging. Nutritional composition of diet also has a direct impact on sleep amount and its fragmentation. Likewise, aggression between males, courtship, sexual arousal, mating, and interactions within large groups of animals has an acute and long-lasting effect on sleep amount and quality. Importantly, the genes and neuronal circuits that relay information about the external environment and internal state to sleep centres are starting to be elucidated in the fly and are the focus of this review. In conclusion, sleep, as with most behaviours, needs the full commitment of the individual, preventing participation in other vital activities. A vast array of behaviours that are modulated by external and internal factors compete with the need to sleep and thus have a significant role in regulating it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Beckwith
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice S French
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Sadeghi R, Banerjee T, Hughes JC, Lawhorne LW. Sleep quality prediction in caregivers using physiological signals. Comput Biol Med 2019; 110:276-288. [PMID: 31252369 PMCID: PMC6655554 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most caregivers of people with dementia (CPWD) experience a high degree of stress due to the demands of providing care, especially when addressing unpredictable behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Such challenging responsibilities make caregivers susceptible to poor sleep quality with detrimental effects on their overall health. Hence, monitoring caregivers' sleep quality can provide important CPWD stress assessment. Most current sleep studies are based on polysomnography, which is expensive and potentially disrupts the caregiving routine. To address these issues, we propose a clinical decision support system to predict sleep quality based on trends of physiological signals in the deep sleep stage. This system utilizes four raw physiological signals using a wearable device (E4 wristband): heart rate variability, electrodermal activity, body movement, and skin temperature. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, analyses were conducted on a two-week period of sleep monitored on eight CPWD. The best performance is achieved using the random forest classifier with an accuracy of 75% for sleep quality, and 73% for restfulness, respectively. We found that the most important features to detect these measures are sleep efficiency (ratio of amount of time asleep to the amount of time in bed) and skin temperature. The results from our sleep analysis system demonstrate the capability of using wearable sensors to measure sleep quality and restfulness in CPWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sadeghi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kno.e.sis Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - Tanvi Banerjee
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kno.e.sis Research Center, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - Jennifer C Hughes
- Department of Social Work, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
| | - Larry W Lawhorne
- Department of Geriatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.
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Harding EC, Franks NP, Wisden W. The Temperature Dependence of Sleep. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:336. [PMID: 31105512 PMCID: PMC6491889 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals have evolved a range of behavioural and neurological mechanisms that coordinate cycles of thermoregulation and sleep. Whether diurnal or nocturnal, sleep onset and a reduction in core temperature occur together. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episodes are also accompanied by core and brain cooling. Thermoregulatory behaviours, like nest building and curling up, accompany this circadian temperature decline in preparation for sleeping. This could be a matter of simply comfort as animals seek warmth to compensate for lower temperatures. However, in both humans and other mammals, direct skin warming can shorten sleep-latency and promote NREM sleep. We discuss the evidence that body cooling and sleep are more fundamentally connected and that thermoregulatory behaviours, prior to sleep, form warm microclimates that accelerate NREM directly through neuronal circuits. Paradoxically, this warmth might also induce vasodilation and body cooling. In this way, warmth seeking and nesting behaviour might enhance the circadian cycle by activating specific circuits that link NREM initiation to body cooling. We suggest that these circuits explain why NREM onset is most likely when core temperature is at its steepest rate of decline and why transitions to NREM are accompanied by a decrease in brain temperature. This connection may have implications for energy homeostasis and the function of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Harding
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2019; 46:124-135. [PMID: 31102877 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Water-based passive body heating (PBHWB) as a warm shower or bath before bedtime is often recommended as a simple means of improving sleep. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochran, Medline, PsycInfo, and Web of Science databases and extracted pertinent information from publications meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria to explore the effects of PBHWB on sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset, total sleep time, sleep efficiency (SE), slow wave sleep, and subjective sleep quality. The search yielded 5322 candidate articles of which 17 satisfied inclusion criteria after removing duplicates, with 13 providing comparable quantitative data for meta-analyses. PBHWB of 40-42.5 °C was associated with both improved self-rated sleep quality and SE, and when scheduled 1-2 h before bedtime for little as 10 min significant shortening of SOL. These findings are consistent with the mechanism of PBHWB effects being the extent of core body temperature decline achieved by increased blood perfusion to the palms and soles that augments the distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient to enhance body heat dissipation. Nonetheless, additional investigation is required because the findings regarding PBHWB are limited by the relative scarcity of reported research, especially its optimal timing and duration plus exact mechanisms of effects.
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40
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Effects of Changing Air Temperature at Different Sleep Stages on the Subjective Evaluation of Sleep Quality. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermal environment in bedrooms is important for high-quality sleep. Studies confirm that, even during sleep, the human body remains sensitive to the ambient air temperature. This study assesses how changing indoor air temperatures at different sleep stages affects the subjective evaluation of sleep quality. We compare reports from two identical sleeping environments with different thermal control systems: an IoT-based control system that adjusts the indoor air temperature according to the sleep stage and a fixed control system that maintains a constant temperature throughout the night. Ten subjects participated in the experiments and completed a questionnaire about their sleep quality. Our results show that, overall, the subjects experienced better sleep in the room with the IoT-based control system than in the one with a fixed thermal control. The mean differences in sleep satisfaction levels between the two sleeping environments were generally statistically significant in favor of the room with the IoT-based thermal control. Our results thus illustrate the suitability of using the IoT to control the air conditioning in bedrooms to provide improved sleep quality.
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Ajwad A, Huffman D, Yaghouby F, OrHara BF, Sunderam S. Sleep Depth Enhancement Through Ambient Temperature Manipulation in Mice. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2018:1392-1395. [PMID: 30440652 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2018.8512557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The restorative properties of deep sleep and its central role in learning and memory are well-recognized but still in the process of being elucidated with the help of animal models. Currently available approaches for deep sleep enhancement are mainly pharmacological and may have undesirable side effects on physiology and behavior. Here, we propose a simple strategy for sleep depth enhancement that involves manipulation of ambient temperature (Ta) using a closed-loop control system. Even mild shifts in Ta are known to evoke thermoregulatory responses that alter sleep-wake dynamics. In our experiments, mice evinced greater proportions of deep NREM sleep as well as REM sleep under the dynamic sleep depth modulation protocol compared to a reference baseline in which Ta was left unchanged. The active manipulation approach taken in this study could be used as a more natural means for enhancing deep sleep in patients with disorders like epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's, in which poor quality sleep is common and associated with adverse outcomes.
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Choi Y, Makita M, Nakamura Y, Yamamoto K, Nara T, Kawamura T, Fukuda H, Katano H, Miyakawa S, Maeda S. Effect of novel recovery garments utilising nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated materials (DPV576-C) on physical and psychological stress in baseball players: A randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:869-875. [PMID: 30422750 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1544279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Based on research suggesting that nanomaterial containing nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated fibres (DPV576-C) may reduce the stress response, garments to enhance athletes' recovery from training-induced stress have been manufactured. This study examined the effects of wearing recovery garments on the physical and psychological stress of Japanese male baseball players. Thirty-eight players aged 18-21 (19.6 ± 0.2 years) who participated in a two-week intensified training programme were randomly assigned to two groups: 19 wore recovery (DPV576-C) garments (RG group) and 19 wore non-recovery garments (placebo group). Both groups wore the garments overnight. Mood states, using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) the training period. Saliva samples were collected from 07:00-07:30 am. Both groups' fatigue scores significantly increased after the training period (RG: 8.4 ± 0.8-10.1 ± 0.8 score; placebo: 9.8 ± 1.0-11.7 ± 1.0 score). The total mood disturbance (TMD) score increased significantly in the placebo group (21.0 ± 2.3-27.2 ± 3.0 score) but not in the RG group (17.4 ± 2.7-20.2 ± 2.2 score). Salivary cortisol concentrations decreased significantly in the RG group (0.71 ± 0.08-0.49 ± 0.05 μg/dL) but not in the placebo group (0.61 ± 0.06-0.58 ± 0.10 μg/dL). Therefore, wearing the DPV576-C garments overnight attenuated increases in TMD levels and decreased salivary cortisol levels following intensified training. DPV576-C garments may have beneficial effects on training-induced physical and psychological stress among athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Choi
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Mizuho Makita
- b School of Health and Physical education , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- c Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Kousaku Yamamoto
- c Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Takaaki Nara
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Takashi Kawamura
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukuda
- d Graduate School of Sport Science , Waseda University , Tokorozawa , Japan
| | - Hideki Katano
- e Department of Regenerative Medicine , Tokai University School of Medicine , Isehara , Japan
| | - Shumpei Miyakawa
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- a Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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43
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Lok R, Smolders KCHJ, Beersma DGM, de Kort YAW. Light, Alertness, and Alerting Effects of White Light: A Literature Overview. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:589-601. [PMID: 30191746 PMCID: PMC6236641 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418796443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Light is known to elicit non-image-forming responses, such as effects on alertness. This has been reported especially during light exposure at night. Nighttime results might not be translatable to the day. This article aims to provide an overview of (1) neural mechanisms regulating alertness, (2) ways of measuring and quantifying alertness, and (3) the current literature specifically regarding effects of different intensities of white light on various measures and correlates of alertness during the daytime. In general, the present literature provides inconclusive results on alerting effects of the intensity of white light during daytime, particularly for objective measures and correlates of alertness. However, the various research paradigms employed in earlier studies differed substantially, and most studies tested only a limited set of lighting conditions. Therefore, the alerting potential of exposure to more intense white light should be investigated in a systematic, dose-dependent manner with multiple correlates of alertness and within one experimental paradigm over the course of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin C H J Smolders
- Human-Technology Interaction, School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Domien G M Beersma
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne A W de Kort
- Human-Technology Interaction, School of Innovation Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Harding EC, Yu X, Miao A, Andrews N, Ma Y, Ye Z, Lignos L, Miracca G, Ba W, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Wisden W, Franks NP. A Neuronal Hub Binding Sleep Initiation and Body Cooling in Response to a Warm External Stimulus. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2263-2273.e4. [PMID: 30017485 PMCID: PMC6078908 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mammals, including humans, prepare for sleep by nesting and/or curling up, creating microclimates of skin warmth. To address whether external warmth induces sleep through defined circuitry, we used c-Fos-dependent activity tagging, which captures populations of activated cells and allows them to be reactivated to test their physiological role. External warming tagged two principal groups of neurons in the median preoptic (MnPO)/medial preoptic (MPO) hypothalamic area. GABA neurons located mainly in MPO produced non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep but no body temperature decrease. Nitrergic-glutamatergic neurons in MnPO-MPO induced both body cooling and NREM sleep. This circuitry explains how skin warming induces sleep and why the maximal rate of core body cooling positively correlates with sleep onset. Thus, the pathways that promote NREM sleep, reduced energy expenditure, and body cooling are inextricably linked, commanded by the same neurons. This implies that one function of NREM sleep is to lower brain temperature and/or conserve energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Harding
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Andawei Miao
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nathanael Andrews
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Leda Lignos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Giulia Miracca
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Wei Ba
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raquel Yustos
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexei L Vyssotski
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich/ETH Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - William Wisden
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Nicholas P Franks
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington SW7 2AZ, UK; Centre for Neurotechnology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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45
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Wilckens KA, Ferrarelli F, Walker MP, Buysse DJ. Slow-Wave Activity Enhancement to Improve Cognition. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:470-482. [PMID: 29628198 PMCID: PMC6015540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Slow-wave activity (SWA), and its coupling with other sleep features, reorganizes cortical circuitry, supporting cognition. This raises the question: can cognition be improved through SWA enhancement? SWA enhancement techniques range from behavioral interventions (such as exercise), which have high feasibility but low specificity, to laboratory-based techniques (such as transcranial stimulation), which have high specificity but are less feasible for widespread use. In this review we describe the pathways through which SWA is enhanced. Pathways encompass enhanced neural activity, increased energy metabolism, and endocrine signaling during wakefulness; also direct enhancement during sleep. We evaluate the robustness and practicality of SWA-enhancement techniques, discuss approaches for determining a causal role of SWA on cognition, and present questions to clarify the mechanisms of SWA-dependent cognitive improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Wilckens
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matthew P Walker
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Psychology, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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46
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McCabe SM, Elliott C, Langdon K, Abbiss CR. Patterns and reliability of children's skin temperature prior to and during sleep in the home setting. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:292-301. [PMID: 29885918 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between patterns of change in skin temperature and sleep is well recognized. In particular, there is a rapid rise in distal skin temperature (Tdistal) and slower rise in proximal skin temperature (Tproximal) prior to sleep onset. The difference between Tdistal and Tproximal is known as the distal-proximal gradient (DPG). Rise in DPG is known as a measure of distal vasodilation, which contributes to the drop in core body temperature (Tcore) that is important to sleep onset and maintenance. Patterns of change in skin temperature before and during sleep are reported for neonates, infants, adults and elderly, however they are not known for school aged children. Therefore, the current observational study aimed to determine the patterns and reliability of skin temperatures (Tskin) and DPG in relation to sleep of school aged children in their home settings. Participants (22 children, aged 6-12) completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire and used Thermochron iButtons and actigraphy for four school nights in their typical sleep settings. There were evident patterns of Tskin change before and during sleep. In particular, Tdistal was lower but rose more rapidly than Tproximal after reported bedtime and prior to sleep onset. This reflected a timely rise in DPG, and shows that distal vasodilation precedes sleep onset in school aged children. The measures of Tskin and sleep were practical for children in their home settings, and the observed patterns were consistent across consecutive school nights. Environmental and behavioural strategies that manage skin temperature before and during sleep should be explored for their potential as valuable components of treatment of childhood insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M McCabe
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
| | - Catherine Elliott
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Katherine Langdon
- Department of Paediatric Rehabilitation, Princess Margaret Hospital, Subiaco, Australia
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
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47
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The Effects of Low Air Temperatures on Thermoregulation and Sleep of Young Men While Sleeping Using Bedding. BUILDINGS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/buildings8060076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Sixtus RP, Galland BC, Cotter JD. Foot cooling does not improve vigilance but may transiently reduce sleepiness. J Sleep Res 2018; 28:e12701. [PMID: 29749043 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Temperature of the skin (TSk ) and core (TC ) play key roles in sleep-wake regulation. The diurnal combination of low TSk and high TC facilitates alertness, whereas the transition to high TSk and low TC correlates with sleepiness. Sleepiness and deteriorating vigilance are induced with peripheral warming, whereas peripheral cooling appears to transiently improve vigilance in narcolepsy. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that foot cooling would maintain vigilance during extended wakefulness in healthy adults. Nine healthy young adult participants with habitually normal sleep completed three constant-routine trials in randomized crossover order. Trials began at 22:30 hours, and involved continuous mild foot cooling (30°C), moderate foot cooling (25°C) or no foot cooling, while undertaking six × 10-min Psychomotor Vigilance Tasks and seven × 7-min Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks, interspersed with questionnaires of sleepiness and thermal perceptions. Foot temperatures in control, mild and moderate cooling averaged 34.5 ± 0.5°C, 30.8 ± 0.2°C and 26.4 ± 0.1°C (all p < .01), while upper-limb temperatures remained stable (34-35°C) and TC declined (approximately -0.12°C per hr) regardless of trial (p = .84). Foot cooling did not improve vigilance (repeated-measures-ANOVA interaction for response speed: p = .45), but transiently reduced subjective sleepiness (-0.8 ± 0.8; p = .004). Participants felt cooler throughout cooling trials, but thermal comfort was unaffected (p = .43), as were almost all Karolinska Drowsiness Tasks' encephalographic parameters. In conclusion, mild or moderate cooling of the feet did not attenuate declines in vigilance or core temperature of healthy young adults during the period of normal sleep onset and early sleep, and any effect on sleepiness was small and transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Sixtus
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - James D Cotter
- School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Division of Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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49
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Sleep on a high heat capacity mattress increases conductive body heat loss and slow wave sleep. Physiol Behav 2018; 185:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Te Lindert BHW, Van Someren EJW. Skin temperature, sleep, and vigilance. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 156:353-365. [PMID: 30454600 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63912-7.00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown a close association between the 24-hour rhythms in core body temperature and sleep propensity. More recently, studies have have begun to elucidate an intriguing association of sleep with skin temperature as well. The present chapter addresses the association of sleep and alertness with skin temperature. It discusses whether the association could reflect common underlying drivers of both sleep propensity and skin vasodilation; whether it could reflect efferents of sleep-regulating brain circuits to thermoregulatory circuits; and whether skin temperature could provide afferent input to sleep-regulating brain circuits. Sleep regulation and concomitant changes in skin temperature are systematically discussed and three parallel factors suggested: a circadian clock mechanism, a homeostatic hourglass mechanism, and a third set of sleep-permissive and wake-promoting factors that gate the effectiveness of signals from the clock and hourglass in the actual induction of sleep or maintenance of alert wakefulness. The chapter moreover discusses how the association between skin temperature and arousal can change with sleep deprivation and insomnia. Finally it addresses whether the promising laboratory findings on the effects of skin temperature manipulations on vigilance can be applied to improve sleep in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart H W Te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Departments of Psychiatry and Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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