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Jiang W, Zou W, Hu M, Tian Q, Xiao F, Li M, Zhang P, Chen YJ, Jiang JM. Hydrogen sulphide attenuates neuronal apoptosis of substantia nigra by re-establishing autophagic flux via promoting leptin signalling in a 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of Parkinson's disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:122-133. [PMID: 34494284 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reveal that hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) exerts neuroprotection against neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. The present study was aimed to investigate whether H2 S inhibits neuronal apoptosis of substantia nigra with the involvement of autophagy via promoting leptin signalling in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD rats. In this study, neuronal apoptosis was analysed by TUNEL staining, the activity of caspase-3 was measured by Caspase-3 fluorometric assay kit, the expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Beclin-1, LC3II, P62 and leptin were determined by Western blot analysis, and the numbers of autophagosomes and autolysosomes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that NaHS, a donor of exogenous H2 S, mitigates 6-OHDA-induced the increases in the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells, the activity of caspase-3 and the expression of Bax, and attenuates 6-OHDA-induced a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 in substantia nigra of rats. In addition, 6-OHDA enhanced the expressions of Beclin-1, LC3-II and P62, increased the number of autophagosomes, and decreased the number of autolysosomes in the substantia nigra, which were also blocked by administration of NaHS. Furthermore, NaHS reversed 6-OHDA-induced the down-regulation of leptin expression in the substantia nigra, and treatment with leptin-OBR, a blocking antibody of leptin receptor, attenuated the inhibition of NaHS on neuronal apoptosis and the improvement of NaHS on the blocked autophagic flux in substantia nigra of 6-OHDA-treated rats. Taken together, these results demonstrated that H2 S attenuates neuronal apoptosis of substantia nigra depending on restoring impaired autophagic flux through up-regulating leptin signalling in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Tian
- Hengyang Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration and Cognitive Impairment, Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yong-Jun Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jia-Mei Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Regulates Different Types of Cell Death by Acting as a Rheostat. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9912436. [PMID: 34426760 PMCID: PMC8380163 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9912436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular signaling and response to stress. The level of ROS and the type of ROS determine the ability of cells to undergo cell death. Furthermore, dysregulation of the antioxidant pathways is associated with many diseases. It has become apparent that cell death can occur through different mechanisms leading to the classifications of different types of cell death such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. ROS play essential roles in all forms of cell death, but it is only now coming into focus that ROS control and determine the type of cell death that occurs in any given cell. Indeed, ROS may act as a rheostat allowing different cell death mechanisms to be engaged and crosstalk with different cell death types. In this review, we will describe the ROS regulatory pathways and how they control different types of cell death under normal and disease states. We will also propose how ROS could provide a mechanism of crosstalk between cell death mechanisms and act as a rheostat determining the type of cell death.
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The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164913. [PMID: 34443494 PMCID: PMC8400259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine is a naturally occurring sulfur-containing amino acid that is found abundantly in excitatory tissues, such as the heart, brain, retina and skeletal muscles. Taurine was first isolated in the 1800s, but not much was known about this molecule until the 1990s. In 1985, taurine was first approved as the treatment among heart failure patients in Japan. Accumulating studies have shown that taurine supplementation also protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, mitochondrial diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. In this review, we will provide a general overview on the mitochondria biology and the consequence of mitochondrial defects in pathologies. Then, we will discuss the antioxidant action of taurine, particularly in relation to the maintenance of mitochondria function. We will also describe several reported studies on the current use of taurine supplementation in several mitochondria-associated pathologies in humans.
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, M. F. NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Noscapine Prevents Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Autophagy Pathways. Molecules 2021; 26:4627. [PMID: 34361780 PMCID: PMC8348109 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and the resultant loss of dopamine in the striatum. Various studies have shown that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation plays a major role in PD progression. In addition, the autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays an important role in the degradation of aggregated proteins, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles and proteins for intracellular homeostasis. Dysfunction of ALP results in the accumulation of α-synuclein and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Thus, modulating ALP is becoming an appealing therapeutic intervention. In our current study, we wanted to evaluate the neuroprotective potency of noscapine in a rotenone-induced PD rat model. Rats were administered rotenone injections (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.,) daily followed by noscapine (10 mg/kg, i.p.,) for four weeks. Noscapine, an iso-qinulinin alkaloid found naturally in the Papaveraceae family, has traditionally been used in the treatment of cancer, stroke and fibrosis. However, the neuroprotective potency of noscapine has not been analyzed. Our study showed that administration of noscapine decreased the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with a significant increase in antioxidant enzymes. In addition, noscapine prevented rotenone-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes. These neuroprotective mechanisms resulted in a decrease in dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Further, noscapine administration enhanced the mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as inhibited apoptosis. In addition to these mechanisms, noscapine prevented a rotenone-mediated increase in lysosomal degradation, resulting in a decrease in α-synuclein aggregation. However, further studies are needed to further develop noscapine as a potential therapeutic candidate for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran M. F.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.F.); (S.K.O.)
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Rehman FU, Rauf MA, Ullah S, Shaikh S, Qambrani A, Muhammad P, Hanif S. Ultrasound-activated nano-TiO2 loaded with temozolomide paves the way for resection of chemoresistant glioblastoma multiforme. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most daunting issues to modern therapeutics, with a higher mortality rate post-diagnosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only available treatment; however, the frequent resistance leaves the oncologists at a dead end. Therefore, new approaches to circumvent the GBM are highly desired. We have employed TiO2 nanosticks loaded with TMZ as nanomedicine for TMZ-resistant GBM resection in this contribution.
Results
The ultrasonication triple-action effect could greatly facilitate tumor ablation by enhancing the TiO2 nanosticks traversing across BBB, releasing the TMZ payload from TiO2 nanosticks and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from TiO2 nanosticks within the GBM milieu. The tumor ablation was confirmed by MTT and Annexin(v)-PI assays, apoptotic proteins expression via western blot and ROS level detection in vitro, whereas tumor volume, weight, survival rate, and relative photon flux in the xenograft and orthoptic TMZ-resistant GBM murine models as in vivo.
Conclusion
We found this nanomedicine-based ultrasound modality highly efficient in GBM treatment and is of future clinical application value due to the employment of already FDA-approved techniques and nanomedicine.
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Monocarboxylate transporter antagonism reveals metabolic vulnerabilities of viral-driven lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022495118. [PMID: 34161263 PMCID: PMC8237662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022495118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that typically causes asymptomatic infection but can promote B lymphoid tumors in the immune suppressed. In vitro, EBV infection of primary B cells stimulates glycolysis during immortalization into lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Lactate export during glycolysis is crucial for continued proliferation of many cancer cells-part of a phenomenon known as the "Warburg effect"- and is mediated by monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs). However, the role of MCTs has yet to be studied in EBV-associated malignancies, which display Warburg-like metabolism in vitro. Here, we show that EBV infection of B lymphocytes directly promotes temporal induction of MCT1 and MCT4 through the viral proteins EBNA2 and LMP1, respectively. Functionally, MCT1 was required for early B cell proliferation, and MCT4 up-regulation promoted acquired resistance to MCT1 antagonism in LCLs. However, dual MCT1/4 inhibition led to LCL growth arrest and lactate buildup. Metabolic profiling in LCLs revealed significantly reduced oxygen consumption rates (OCRs) and NAD+/NADH ratios, contrary to previous observations of increased OCR and unaltered NAD+/NADH ratios in MCT1/4-inhibited cancer cells. Furthermore, U-13C6-glucose labeling of MCT1/4-inhibited LCLs revealed depleted glutathione pools that correlated with elevated reactive oxygen species. Finally, we found that dual MCT1/4 inhibition also sensitized LCLs to killing by the electron transport chain complex I inhibitors phenformin and metformin. These findings were extended to viral lymphomas associated with EBV and the related gammaherpesvirus KSHV, pointing at a therapeutic approach for targeting both viral lymphomas.
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The Role of Ceramide Metabolism and Signaling in the Regulation of Mitophagy and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102475. [PMID: 34069611 PMCID: PMC8161379 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sphingolipids are membrane-associated lipids that are involved in signal transduction pathways regulating cell death, growth, and migration. In cancer cells, sphingolipids regulate pathways relevant to cancer therapy, such as invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and lethal mitophagy. Notable sphingolipids include ceramide, a sphingolipid that induces death and lethal mitophagy, and sphingosine-1 phosphate, a sphingolipid that induces survival and chemotherapeutic resistance. These sphingolipids participate in regulating the process of mitophagy, where cells encapsulate damaged mitochondria in double-membrane vesicles (called autophagosomes) for degradation. Lethal mitophagy is an anti-tumorigenic mechanism mediated by ceramide, where cells degrade many mitochondria until the cancer cell dies in an apoptosis-independent manner. Abstract Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids responsible for regulating diverse cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, senescence, and death. These lipids are characterized by a long-chain sphingosine backbone amide-linked to a fatty acyl chain with variable length. The length of the fatty acyl chain is determined by specific ceramide synthases, and this fatty acyl length also determines the sphingolipid’s specialized functions within the cell. One function in particular, the regulation of the selective autophagy of mitochondria, or mitophagy, is closely regulated by ceramide, a key regulatory sphingolipid. Mitophagy alterations have important implications for cancer cell proliferation, response to chemotherapeutics, and mitophagy-mediated cell death. This review will focus on the alterations of ceramide synthases in cancer and sphingolipid regulation of lethal mitophagy, concerning cancer therapy.
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Kobara M, Nessa N, Toba H, Nakata T. Induction of autophagy has protective roles in imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1087-1097. [PMID: 34136360 PMCID: PMC8176231 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is one of the severe adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Imatinib was previously reported to induce cardiotoxicity. Autophagy is an intracellular bulk protein and organelle degradation process, but its roles in cardiac diseases are unclear. We examined whether imatinib induces cardiomyocyte autophagy, and the role of autophagy in imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity using in vitro and in vivo experiments. In in vitro experiments, neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were treated with imatinib (1, 5, or 10 μM; 6 h). Myocyte autophagy was assessed by microtubule-associated protein light chain (LC) 3-II, beclin 1, mature cathepsin D, and acridine orange-stained mature autolysosome expression. Imatinib increased their expression, suggesting that it induced autophagy. Consequently, imatinib altered the production of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which were assessed by the fluorescent indicator MitoSOX and JC-1, respectively, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis. 3-methyl-adenine (3MA), an autophagic inhibitor, exacerbated imatinib-induced apoptosis by 30 %. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6 mice were treated with imatinib (50 and 200 mg/kg/day) for 5 weeks in the presence or absence of 3MA. Echocardiographic measurement revealed that imatinib (200 mg) caused dilatation of the left ventricle (LV) and reduced LV fractional shortening. Apoptosis and LC3-II expression in cardiac tissue were increased by imatinib. Co-treatment with 3MA and imatinib further impaired imatinib-induced cardiac apoptosis and LV dysfunction. This study suggests that imatinib induces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Imatinib increases cardiomyocyte autophagy as a consequence of apoptosis and autophagy has a pro-survival role in imatinib-induced cardiac impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Kobara
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naseratun Nessa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Science, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zulu SS, Abboussi O, Simola N, Mabandla MV, Daniels WMU. Effects of combination antiretroviral drugs (cART) on hippocampal neuroplasticity in female mice. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:325-333. [PMID: 33710598 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00967-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) continues despite the introduction of combination antiretroviral drugs (cART). Several studies have reported the neurotoxicity of individual antiretroviral drugs (monotherapy), while the common approach for HIV treatment is through cART. Hence, the current study investigated the effects of long-term exposure to cART on cognitive function, oxidative damage, autophagy, and neuroplasticity in the hippocampus of mice. Female Balb/c mice received a once-a-day oral dose of cART composed of emtricitabine + tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or vehicle for 8 weeks. On week 7 of drug administration, all mice were assessed for spatial learning in the Morris water maze (MWM), and then on week 8, mice were sacrificed, and hippocampal tissue dissected from the brain. For biochemical analyses, we measured the concentration of 4-hydroxynonenal, and the expression of autophagic marker LC3B, synaptophysin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Our results showed that cART exposure increased escape latency in the MWM test. The cART-treated mice also showed increased 4-hydroxynonenal concentration and expression of LC3B. Furthermore, cART treatment decreased the expression of synaptophysin and BDNF. These findings further support the evidence that cART may be neurotoxic and therefore may play a role in the neuropathogenesis of HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simo Siyanda Zulu
- School of Laboratory Medicine , and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa. .,Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
| | - Oualid Abboussi
- Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Musa Vuyisile Mabandla
- School of Laboratory Medicine , and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - William Mark Uren Daniels
- School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species by Mitochondria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030415. [PMID: 33803273 PMCID: PMC8001687 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are series of chemical products originated from one or several electron reductions of oxygen. ROS are involved in physiology and disease and can also be both cause and consequence of many biological scenarios. Mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell and, particularly, the enzymes in the electron transport chain are the major contributors to this phenomenon. Here, we comprehensively review the modes by which ROS are produced by mitochondria at a molecular level of detail, discuss recent advances in the field involving signalling and disease, and the involvement of supercomplexes in these mechanisms. Given the importance of mitochondrial ROS, we also provide a schematic guide aimed to help in deciphering the mechanisms involved in their production in a variety of physiological and pathological settings.
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Chen L, Hao M, Yan J, Sun L, Tai G, Cheng H, Zhou Y. Citrus-derived DHCP inhibits mitochondrial complex II to enhance TRAIL sensitivity via ROS-induced DR5 upregulation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100515. [PMID: 33676890 PMCID: PMC8050394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-modified citrus pectin, a water-soluble indigestible polysaccharide fiber derived from citrus fruits and modified by temperature treatment, has been reported to exhibit anticancer effects. However, the bioactive fractions and their mechanisms remain unclear. In this current study, we isolated an active compound, trans-4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclopentene-l-one (DHCP), from heat-treated citrus pectin, and found that is induces cell death in colon cancer cells via induction of mitochondrial ROS. On the molecular level, DHCP triggers ROS production by inhibiting the activity of succinate ubiquinone reductase (SQR) in mitochondrial complex II. Furthermore, cytotoxicity, apoptotic activity, and activation of caspase cascades were determined in HCT116 and HT-29 cell-based systems, the results indicated that DHCP enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), with DHCP-induced ROS accounting for the synergistic effect between DHCP and TRAIL. Furthermore, the combination of DHCP and TRAIL inhibits the growth of HCT116 and HT-29 xenografts synergistically. ROS significantly increases the expression of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) via the p53 and C/EBP homologous protein pathways. Collectively, our findings indicate that DHCP has a favorable toxicity profile and is a new TRAIL sensitizer that shows promise in the development of pectin-based pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and dietary agents aimed at combating human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Hao
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Guihua Tai
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Hairong Cheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates Ministry of Education, Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
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Chen Y, Luo X, Zou Z, Liang Y. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:477-498. [PMID: 31736443 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191021110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients' life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Chen
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingjing Luo
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Taizhou University Hosipital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang H, Chen F, Li Y, Shan X, Yin L, Hao X, Zhong Y. More serious autophagy can be induced by ZnO nanoparticles than single-walled carbon nanotubes in rat tracheal epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:238-248. [PMID: 32951350 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles, as common nanoparticles (NPs), can cause autophagy in certain cells, which will lead to biohealth risk issues. This study determined the difference in autophagy induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in respiratory epithelial cells. ICP-OES results showed that NPs uptake as well as the intercellular contents of particles affected cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. ZnO NPs-30 nm had a distinct green dot structure representing autophagy, the SWCNTs exposure group had a few green light spots at a concentration of 10 μg/L. The ROS content of the ZnO NP-30 nm exposure group had the greatest increase at a concentration of 1000 μg/L, which was 2.5 times higher than that of the control, the SWCNTs exposure group showed a 2.2-fold increase. A slight downregulation of p-mTOR was detected, and the ZnO NPs-30 nm treatment group had the significant downregulation rate. The gene and protein expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3B were upregulated as the exposure concentration increased. The protein expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs-30 nm exposure group were 5.21 times and 4.12 times that of the control, respectively. The mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3B in the 1000 μg/L ZnO NPs-30 nm exposure group were 5.04 times and 3.61 times that of the control, respectively. At any concentration, the effect of ZnO NPs-30 nm was greater than that of the SWCNTs. Interaction and crosstalk analysis showed that exposure to ZnO NPs-30 nm caused autophagy through the aggregation of undegraded autophagosomes, whereas SWCNTs exposure induced diminished intercellular oxidative stress to inhibit autophagy. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the effects of autophagy induced by ZnO NPs-30 nm and SWCNTs were different. The health risks of ZnO-30 nm NPs are higher than those of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Zhang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Feifei Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaodong Shan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Yin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuchi Zhong
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Huwaimel BI, Bhakta M, Kulkarni CA, Milliken AS, Wang F, Peng A, Brookes PS, Trippier PC. Discovery of Halogenated Benzothiadiazine Derivatives with Anticancer Activity*. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1143-1162. [PMID: 33331124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiratory complex II (CII), also known as succinate dehydrogenase, plays a critical role in mitochondrial metabolism. Known but low potency CII inhibitors are selectively cytotoxic to cancer cells including the benzothiadiazine-based anti-hypoglycemic diazoxide. Herein, we study the structure-activity relationship of benzothiadiazine derivatives for CII inhibition and their effect on cancer cells for the first time. A 15-fold increase in CII inhibition was achieved over diazoxide, albeit with micromolar IC50 values. Cytotoxicity evaluation of the novel derivatives resulted in the identification of compounds with much greater antineoplastic effect than diazoxide, the most potent of which possesses an IC50 of 2.93±0.07 μM in a cellular model of triple-negative breast cancer, with high selectivity over nonmalignant cells and more than double the potency of the clinical agent 5-fluorouracil. No correlation between cytotoxicity and CII inhibition was found, thus indicating an as-yet-undefined mechanism of action of this scaffold. The derivatives described herein represent valuable hit compounds for therapeutic discovery in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader I Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
| | - Myla Bhakta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Chaitanya A Kulkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alexander S Milliken
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aimin Peng
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA.,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA.,UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA
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Ranganayaki S, Jamshidi N, Aiyaz M, Rashmi SK, Gayathri N, Harsha PK, Padmanabhan B, Srinivas Bharath MM. Inhibition of mitochondrial complex II in neuronal cells triggers unique pathways culminating in autophagy with implications for neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1483. [PMID: 33452321 PMCID: PMC7810707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration underlie movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Manganism among others. As a corollary, inhibition of mitochondrial complex I (CI) and complex II (CII) by toxins 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) respectively, induced degenerative changes noted in such neurodegenerative diseases. We aimed to unravel the down-stream pathways associated with CII inhibition and compared with CI inhibition and the Manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity. Genome-wide transcriptomics of N27 neuronal cells exposed to 3-NPA, compared with MPP+ and Mn revealed varied transcriptomic profile. Along with mitochondrial and synaptic pathways, Autophagy was the predominant pathway differentially regulated in the 3-NPA model with implications for neuronal survival. This pathway was unique to 3-NPA, as substantiated by in silico modelling of the three toxins. Morphological and biochemical validation of autophagy markers in the cell model of 3-NPA revealed incomplete autophagy mediated by mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) pathway. Interestingly, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which was elevated in the 3-NPA model could confer neuroprotection against 3-NPA. We propose that, different downstream events are activated upon neurotoxin-dependent CII inhibition compared to other neurotoxins, with implications for movement disorders and regulation of autophagy could potentially offer neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathyanarayanan Ranganayaki
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Neema Jamshidi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Mohamad Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology Pvt. Ltd., 2/13, Balaji Complex, 80 feet Road, RMV 2nd Stage, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560094, India
| | - Santhosh-Kumar Rashmi
- Department of Neuropathology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Narayanappa Gayathri
- Department of Neuropathology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Pulleri Kandi Harsha
- Department of Neurovirology, NIMHANS, No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | | | - Muchukunte Mukunda Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), No. 2900, Hosur Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India.
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66
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The importance of autophagy regulation in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2021; 25:1211-1218. [PMID: 33394324 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-020-02261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy, the self-renewal process of cells, is dependent on lysosomes to degrade damaged organelles and proteins. The increased or damaged level of autophagy is proven to relate to a number of disorders, including metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, pulmonary diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to examine the effects of autophagy on the pathogenic mechanism of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in order to guide relevant disease treatment. METHODS We conducted a search of the literature using the electronic database, focusing on articles that explored the association between OSA and autophagy. CONCLUSION OSA can induced autophagy through hypoxia, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial dysfunction, miRNA, etc. We propose that the mechanism of the autophagy in patients with OSA should be eclucidated in further studies.
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Zhang PN, Zhou MQ, Guo J, Zheng HJ, Tang J, Zhang C, Liu YN, Liu WJ, Wang YX. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Diabetic Nephropathy: Nontraditional Therapeutic Opportunities. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:1010268. [PMID: 34926696 PMCID: PMC8677373 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive microvascular diabetic complication. Growing evidence shows that persistent mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the progression of renal diseases, including DN, as it alters mitochondrial homeostasis and, in turn, affects normal kidney function. Pharmacological regulation of mitochondrial networking is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and restoring renal function in DN. In this review, we have surveyed recent advances in elucidating the mitochondrial networking and signaling pathways in physiological and pathological contexts. Additionally, we have considered the contributions of nontraditional therapy that ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and discussed their molecular mechanism, highlighting the potential value of nontraditional therapies, such as herbal medicine and lifestyle interventions, in therapeutic interventions for DN. The generation of new insights using mitochondrial networking will facilitate further investigations on nontraditional therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Na Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng Qi Zhou
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Nephrology and Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Xian Wang
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shipping Warehouse No. 5, Beijing 100700, China
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Lechuga-Vieco AV, Justo-Méndez R, Enríquez JA. Not all mitochondrial DNAs are made equal and the nucleus knows it. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:511-529. [PMID: 33369015 PMCID: PMC7985871 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system is the only structure in animal cells with components encoded by two genomes, maternally transmitted mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and biparentally transmitted nuclear DNA (nDNA). MtDNA‐encoded genes have to physically assemble with their counterparts encoded in the nucleus to build together the functional respiratory complexes. Therefore, structural and functional matching requirements between the protein subunits of these molecular complexes are rigorous. The crosstalk between nDNA and mtDNA needs to overcome some challenges, as the nuclear‐encoded factors have to be imported into the mitochondria in a correct quantity and match the high number of organelles and genomes per mitochondria that encode and synthesize their own components locally. The cell is able to sense the mito‐nuclear match through changes in the activity of the OXPHOS system, modulation of the mitochondrial biogenesis, or reactive oxygen species production. This implies that a complex signaling cascade should optimize OXPHOS performance to the cellular‐specific requirements, which will depend on cell type, environmental conditions, and life stage. Therefore, the mitochondria would function as a cellular metabolic information hub integrating critical information that would feedback the nucleus for it to respond accordingly. Here, we review the current understanding of the complex interaction between mtDNA and nDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Victoria Lechuga-Vieco
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raquel Justo-Méndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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69
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Wang Y, Uchida M, Waghwani HK, Douglas T. Synthetic Virus-like Particles for Glutathione Biosynthesis. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:3298-3310. [PMID: 33232156 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein-based nanocompartments found in nature have inspired the development of functional nanomaterials for a range of applications including delivery of catalytic activities with therapeutic effects. As glutathione (GSH) plays a vital role in metabolic adaptation and many diseases are associated with its deficiency, supplementation of GSH biosynthetic activity might be a potential therapeutic when delivered directly to the disease site. Here, we report the successful design and production of active nanoreactors capable of catalyzing the partial or complete pathway for GSH biosynthesis, which was realized by encapsulating essential enzymes of the pathway inside the virus-like particle (VLP) derived from the bacteriophage P22. These nanoreactors are the first examples of nanocages specifically designed for the biosynthesis of oligomeric biomolecules. A dense packing of enzymes is achieved within the cavities of the nanoreactors, which allows us to study enzyme behavior, in a crowded and confined environment, including enzymatic kinetics and protein stability. In addition, the biomedical utility of the nanoreactors in protection against oxidative stress was confirmed using an in vitro cell culture model. Given that P22 VLP capsid was suggested as a potential liver-tropic nanocarrier in vivo, it will be promising to test the efficacy of these GSH nanoreactors as a novel treatment for GSH-deficient hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California 93740, United States
| | - Hitesh Kumar Waghwani
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Trevor Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Zein L, Fulda S, Kögel D, van Wijk SJL. Organelle-specific mechanisms of drug-induced autophagy-dependent cell death. Matrix Biol 2020; 100-101:54-64. [PMID: 33321172 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The conserved catabolic process of autophagy is an important control mechanism that degrades cellular organelles, debris and pathogens in autolysosomes. Although autophagy primarily protects against cellular insults, nutrient starvation or oxidative stress, hyper-activation of autophagy is also believed to cause autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD). ADCD is a caspase-independent form of programmed cell death (PCD), characterized by an over-activation of autophagy, leading to prominent self-digestion of cellular material in autolysosomes beyond the point of cell survival. ADCD plays important roles in the development of lower organisms, but also in the response of cancer cells upon exposure of specific drugs or natural compounds. Importantly, the induction of ADCD as an alternative cell death pathway is of special interest in apoptosis-resistant cancer types and serves as an attractive and potential therapeutic option. Although the mechanisms of ADCD are diverse and not yet fully understood, both non-selective (bulk) autophagy and organelle-specific types of autophagy are believed to be involved in this type of cell death. Accordingly, several ADCD-inducing drugs are known to trigger severe mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, whereas the contribution of other cell organelles, like ribosomes or peroxisomes, to the control of ADCD is not well understood. In this review, we highlight the general mechanisms of ADCD and discuss the current evidence for mitochondria- and ER-specific killing mechanisms of ADCD-inducing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zein
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Komturstrasse 3a, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Fatima N, Upadhyay T, Ahmad F, Arshad M, Kamal MA, Sharma D, Sharma R. Particulate β-glucan activates early and delayed phagosomal maturation and autophagy within macrophage in a NOX-2 dependent manner. Life Sci 2020; 266:118851. [PMID: 33310032 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage is known to readily engulf any particulate material they encounter, including invading microbes and nano- or micro-particles. While recent studies show that some microparticles (MP) are immunogenic even without drug-cargo, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet unclear. Phagocytosis induces NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) mediated ROS generation that is reported to regulate antibacterial autophagy. We therefore, investigated the role of NOX-2 derived ROS in phagosomal maturation and autophagy induction in response to phagocytic uptake of two kinds of polymeric biodegradable and biocompatible microparticles: yeast-derived β-glucan particles (YDGP) and poly-(D, L-Lactic Acid) microparticles (PMP). MAIN METHODS J774A.1 macrophage wereas exposed to polymeric particles and the immune responses: ROS, phagosomal maturation and autophagy induction, were examined by assays including NBT, DCFH-DA, NADPH-Oxidase activity, Lysotracker and Acridine Orange. Further, the LC3 and NOX-2 expression were validated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity of both MP was examined by CFU counting after administration to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium infected macrophage. KEY FINDINGS YDGP induces phagosomal maturation and acidic vesicle accumulation at 30 min and 24 h post-exposure, much more proficiently than that by PMP. YDGP exposure also induced NOX-2 dependent expression of light chain 3 (LC3-II), further confirmed as autophagy activation via autophagic flux assay with autophagolysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Additionally, YDGP displayed superior anti-microbial activity than that by PMP. SIGNIFICANCE The induction of NOX-2-dependent autophagy and antimicrobial activity exhibited by particulate glucans has significant implications in harnessing these drug delivery vehicles as potential 'value-added' autophagy-mediated therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Fatima
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Upadhyay
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Applied sciences and Agriculture Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rolee Sharma
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Bhatia V, Sharma S. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and autophagy in progression of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 421:117253. [PMID: 33476985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The pathological hallmarks of AD are amyloid plaques [aggregates of amyloid beta (A)] and neurofibrillary tangles (aggregates of tau protein). Growing evidence suggests that tau accumulation is pathologically more relevant to the development of neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in AD patients than A plaques. Mitochondrial damage plays an important role in AD. Mitochondrial damage has been related to amyloid-beta or tau pathology or to the presence of specific presenilin-1 mutations. Elevate reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species production and defective mitochondrial dynamic balance has been suggested to be the reason as well as the consequence of AD related pathology. Oxidative stress is a prominent early event in the pathogenesis of AD and is therefore believed to contribute to tau hyperphosphorylation. Several studies have shown that the autophagy pathway in neurons is important under physiological and pathological conditions. Therefore, this pathway plays a crucial role for the degradation of endogenous soluble tau. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, autophagy dysregulation, and neuronal cell death in AD remains unclear. Here, we review the latest progress in AD, with a special emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunctioning, oxidative stress, and autophagy. We also discuss the interlink mechanism of these three factors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Bhatia
- School of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
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Martinovich GG, Martinovich IV, Vcherashniaya AV, Zenkov NK, Menshchikova EB, Cherenkevich SN. Chemosensitization of Tumor Cells by Phenolic Antioxidants: The Role of the Nrf2 Transcription Factor. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s000635092006010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Jayaraj RL, Beiram R, Azimullah S, MF NM, Ojha SK, Adem A, Jalal FY. Valeric Acid Protects Dopaminergic Neurons by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Modulating Autophagy Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207670. [PMID: 33081327 PMCID: PMC7589299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease, the second common neurodegenerative disease is clinically characterized by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) with upregulation of neuroinflammatory markers and oxidative stress. Autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) plays a major role in degradation of damaged organelles and proteins for energy balance and intracellular homeostasis. However, dysfunction of ALP results in impairment of α-synuclein clearance which hastens dopaminergic neurons loss. In this study, we wanted to understand the neuroprotective efficacy of Val in rotenone induced PD rat model. Animals received intraperitoneal injections (2.5 mg/kg) of rotenone daily followed by Val (40 mg/kg, i.p) for four weeks. Valeric acid, a straight chain alkyl carboxylic acid found naturally in Valeriana officianilis have been used in the treatment of neurological disorders. However, their neuroprotective efficacy has not yet been studied. In our study, we found that Val prevented rotenone induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine oxidative stress, and α-synuclein expression with subsequent increase in vital antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, Val mitigated rotenone induced hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes. These protective mechanisms prevented rotenone induced dopaminergic neuron loss in SNpc and neuronal fibers in the striatum. Additionally, Val treatment prevented rotenone blocked mTOR-mediated p70S6K pathway as well as apoptosis. Moreover, Val prevented rotenone mediated autophagic vacuole accumulation and increased lysosomal degradation. Hence, Val could be further developed as a potential therapeutic candidate for treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +971-37137521 (R.B.); +971-504482894 (A.A.)
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Nagoor Meeran MF
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (A.A.); Tel.: +971-37137521 (R.B.); +971-504482894 (A.A.)
| | - Fakhreya Yousuf Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (R.L.J.); (S.A.); (N.M.M.); (S.K.O.); (F.Y.J.)
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Macasoi I, Mioc A, Mioc M, Racoviceanu R, Soica I, Chevereșan A, Dehelean C, Dumitrașcu V. Targeting Mitochondria through the Use of Mitocans as Emerging Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5730-5757. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190712150638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key players with a multi-functional role in many vital cellular processes,
such as energy metabolism, redox regulation, calcium homeostasis, Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS) as well as in cell signaling, survival and apoptosis. These functions are mainly regulated
through important enzyme signaling cascades, which if altered may influence the outcome of cell
viability and apoptosis. Therefore some of the key enzymes that are vital for these signaling pathways
are emerging as important targets for new anticancer agent development. Mitocans are compounds
aimed at targeting mitochondria in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial functions thus
causing cell growth inhibition or apoptosis. This review summarizes the till present known classes
of mitocans, their mechanism of action and potential therapeutic use in different forms of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Macasoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Irina Soica
- Earlscliffe Sixth Form, Earlscliffe, 29 Shorncliffe Road, Folkestone, CT20 2NB, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Chevereșan
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Victor Dumitrașcu
- Faculty of Medicine, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Romania
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Chandramouleeswaran PM, Guha M, Shimonosono M, Whelan KA, Maekawa H, Sachdeva UM, Ruthel G, Mukherjee S, Engel N, Gonzalez MV, Garifallou J, Ohashi S, Klein-Szanto AJ, Mesaros CA, Blair IA, Pellegrino da Silva R, Hakonarson H, Noguchi E, Baur JA, Nakagawa H. Autophagy mitigates ethanol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239625. [PMID: 32966340 PMCID: PMC7510980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During alcohol consumption, the esophageal mucosa is directly exposed to high concentrations of ethanol (EtOH). We therefore investigated the response of normal human esophageal epithelial cell lines EPC1, EPC2 and EPC3 to acute EtOH exposure. While these cells were able to tolerate 2% EtOH for 8 h in both three-dimensional organoids and monolayer culture conditions, RNA sequencing suggested that EtOH induced mitochondrial dysfunction. With EtOH treatment, EPC1 and EPC2 cells also demonstrated decreased mitochondrial ATPB protein expression by immunofluorescence and swollen mitochondria lacking intact cristae by transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was decreased in a subset of EPC1 and EPC2 cells stained with ΔΨm–sensitive dye MitoTracker Deep Red. In EPC2, EtOH decreased ATP level while impairing mitochondrial respiration and electron transportation chain functions, as determined by ATP fluorometric assay, respirometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, EPC2 cells demonstrated enhanced oxidative stress by flow cytometry for mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), which was antagonized by the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoCP. Concurrently, EPC1 and EPC2 cells underwent autophagy following EtOH exposure, as evidenced by flow cytometry for Cyto-ID, which detects autophagic vesicles, and immunoblots demonstrating induction of the lipidated and cleaved form of LC3B and downregulation of SQSTM1/p62. In EPC1 and EPC2, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine increased mitochondrial oxidative stress while decreasing cell viability. In EPC2, autophagy induction was coupled with phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), a cellular energy sensor responding to low ATP levels, and dephosphorylation of downstream substrates of mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex (mTORC)-1 signaling. Pharmacological AMPK activation by AICAR decreased EtOH-induced reduction of ΔΨm and ATP in EPC2. Taken together, acute EtOH exposure leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in esophageal keratinocytes, where the AMPK-mTORC1 axis may serve as a regulatory mechanism to activate autophagy to provide cytoprotection against EtOH-induced cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna M. Chandramouleeswaran
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Manti Guha
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Masataka Shimonosono
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hisatsugu Maekawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Uma M. Sachdeva
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gordon Ruthel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mari Lowe Center for Comparative Oncology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarmistha Mukherjee
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Noah Engel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael V. Gonzalez
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James Garifallou
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Shinya Ohashi
- Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Andres J. Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Clementina A. Mesaros
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Translational Biomarkers Core, Center of Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Renata Pellegrino da Silva
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eishi Noguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Nakagawa
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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77
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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78
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Zhu H, Tamura T, Fujisawa A, Nishikawa Y, Cheng R, Takato M, Hamachi I. Imaging and Profiling of Proteins under Oxidative Conditions in Cells and Tissues by Hydrogen-Peroxide-Responsive Labeling. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15711-15721. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Alma Fujisawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishikawa
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Rong Cheng
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mikiko Takato
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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79
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Esteves AR, Cardoso SM. Differential protein expression in diverse brain areas of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13149. [PMID: 32753661 PMCID: PMC7403590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70174-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hypotheses have been postulated to define the etiology of sporadic Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disorders (PD and AD) but there is no consensus on what causes these devastating age-related diseases. Braak staging of both pathologies helped researchers to better understand the progression and to identify their prodromal and symptomatic phases. Indeed, it is well accepted that Lewy body pathology and neurofibrillary tangles appearance correlates with disease progression and severity of symptoms in PD and AD, respectively. Additionally, several studies in PD and AD models try to disclose which cellular mechanisms are defaulted and trigger the neurodegenerative process that culminates with neuronal death causing PD and AD classical symptomatology. Herein, we determined expression levels of proteins involved in microtubule assembly, autophagic-lysosomal pathway and unfolded protein response in the cortex, hippocampus and SNpc of PD and AD patients, vascular dementia patients and aged-match controls. The differential expression allowed us to determine which pathways are determinant to synaptic dysfunction and to establish a time line for disease progression. Our results allow us to challenge the hypothesis that both PD and AD pathologies are caused by α-synuclein or Aβ pathology propagation throughout the brain in a prion-like manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S M Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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80
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Zhang L, Yao Y, Zhang S, Liu Y, Guo H, Ahmed M, Bell T, Zhang H, Han G, Lorence E, Badillo M, Zhou S, Sun Y, Di Francesco ME, Feng N, Haun R, Lan R, Mackintosh SG, Mao X, Song X, Zhang J, Pham LV, Lorenzi PL, Marszalek J, Heffernan T, Draetta G, Jones P, Futreal A, Nomie K, Wang L, Wang M. Metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation identifies a therapeutic target for mantle cell lymphoma. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/491/eaau1167. [PMID: 31068440 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is linked to cancer cell growth and proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance in a multitude of cancers. Targeting dysregulated metabolic pathways to overcome resistance, an urgent clinical need in all relapsed/refractory cancers, remains difficult. Through genomic analyses of clinical specimens, we show that metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glutaminolysis is associated with therapeutic resistance to the Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a B cell lymphoma subtype with poor clinical outcomes. Inhibition of OXPHOS with a clinically applicable small molecule, IACS-010759, which targets complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, results in marked growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo in ibrutinib-resistant patient-derived cancer models. This work suggests that targeting metabolic pathways to subvert therapeutic resistance is a clinically viable approach to treat highly refractory malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yixin Yao
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Makhdum Ahmed
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Taylor Bell
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guangchun Han
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lorence
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Badillo
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shouhao Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ningping Feng
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randy Haun
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Renny Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Samuel G Mackintosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Xizeng Mao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lan V Pham
- Department of Hematopathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph Marszalek
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tim Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giulio Draetta
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science and Center for Co-Clinical Trials, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Krystle Nomie
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linghua Wang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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81
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Haggadone MD, Mancuso P, Peters-Golden M. Oxidative Inactivation of the Proteasome Augments Alveolar Macrophage Secretion of Vesicular SOCS3. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071589. [PMID: 32630102 PMCID: PMC7408579 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a diverse array of molecular cargoes that alter cellular phenotype and function following internalization by recipient cells. In the lung, alveolar macrophages (AMs) secrete EVs containing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a cytosolic protein that promotes homeostasis via vesicular transfer to neighboring alveolar epithelial cells. Although changes in the secretion of EV molecules-including but not limited to SOCS3-have been described in response to microenvironmental stimuli, the cellular and molecular machinery that control alterations in vesicular cargo packaging remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the use of quantitative methods to assess the sorting of cytosolic cargo molecules into EVs is lacking. Here, we utilized cigarette smoke extract (CSE) exposure of AMs as an in vitro model of oxidative stress to address these gaps in knowledge. We demonstrate that the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AMs was sufficient to augment vesicular SOCS3 release in this model. Using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) in tandem with a new carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-based intracellular protein packaging assay, we show that the stimulatory effects of CSE were at least in part attributable to elevated amounts of SOCS3 packaged per EV secreted by AMs. Furthermore, the use of a 20S proteasome activity assay alongside treatment of AMs with conventional proteasome inhibitors strongly suggest that ROS stimulated SOCS3 release via inactivation of the proteasome. These data demonstrate that tuning of AM proteasome function by microenvironmental oxidants is a critical determinant of the packaging and secretion of cytosolic SOCS3 protein within EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel D. Haggadone
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (M.D.H.); (P.M.)
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-936-5047
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82
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Autophagy as a decisive process for cell death. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:921-930. [PMID: 32591647 PMCID: PMC7338414 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic pathway in which cellular constituents are engulfed by autophagosomes and degraded upon autophagosome fusion with lysosomes. Autophagy serves as a major cytoprotective process by maintaining cellular homeostasis and recycling cytoplasmic contents. However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. However, little is known about the physiological roles and molecular mechanisms of ACD. In this review, we document examples of ACD and discuss recent progress in our understanding of its molecular mechanisms.
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83
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Ommati MM, Manthari RK, Tikka C, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Ahmadi HN, Ghaffari H, Heidari R, Wang J. Arsenic-induced autophagic alterations and mitochondrial impairments in HPG-S axis of mature male mice offspring (F1-generation): A persistent toxicity study. Toxicol Lett 2020; 326:83-98. [PMID: 32112876 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) has been implicated in causing reproductive toxicity, but the precise cellular pathway through which the As toxicity in mature F1- male mice hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal- sperm (HPG-S) axis is induced has not well been documented. Hence, parental mice were treated to As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm in deionized water) from five weeks before mating until weaning, and the male pups from weaning to maturity. Afterward, the markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and autophagy as fundamental mechanisms of cytotoxicity and organ injury were evaluated. Higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in HPG-S axis. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles in the HPG axis, an adverse dose-dependent effect was observed on the mean body weight, litter size, organ coefficient, and spermatogenesis. Transmission electron microscopy also revealed more autophagosomes at high As2O3 dosage. Concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in gene expression of PI3K, Atg5, Atg12, as well as protein expression of Beclin1, LC3- I, II, P62 in HPG axis tissues and Atg12 in the pituitary; a dose-dependent decrease in mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of mature F1-males. These observations provide direct evidence that oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial impairments and autophagic cell death, through AMPK/TSC/mTOR and LC3 related pathways, are fundamental mechanisms for As2O3- induced toxicity on the reproductive system in mature male mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Chiranjeevi Tikka
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Ruiyan Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasan Nategh Ahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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Hu PF, Huang J, Chen L, Ding Z, Liu L, Molnár I, Zhang BB. Oxidative Stress Induction Is a Rational Strategy to Enhance the Productivity of Antrodia cinnamomea Fermentations for the Antioxidant Secondary Metabolite Antrodin C. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3995-4004. [PMID: 32133853 PMCID: PMC7351023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant metabolites contribute to alleviating oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microorganisms. We utilized oxidative stressors such as hydrogen peroxide supplementation to increase the yield of the bioactive secondary metabolite antioxidant antrodin C in submerged fermentations of the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea. Changes in the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of the cells indicate that ROS are critical to promote antrodin C biosynthesis, while the ROS production inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium cancels the productivity-enhancing effects of H2O2. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that key enzymes in the mitochondrial electron transport chain are repressed during oxidative stress, leading to ROS accumulation and triggering the biosynthesis of antioxidants such as antrodin C. Accordingly, rotenone, an inhibitor of the electron transport chain complex I, mimics the antrodin C productivity-enhancing effects of H2O2. Delineating the steps connecting oxidative stress with increased antrodin C biosynthesis will facilitate the fine-tuning of strategies for rational fermentation process improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - István Molnár
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, The University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Rd., Tucson, AZ 85706, USA
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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85
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Lee JW, Choi K, Park K, Seong C, Yu SD, Kim P. Adverse effects of perfluoroalkyl acids on fish and other aquatic organisms: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:135334. [PMID: 31874399 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been widely used in many industrial and consumer products. They have been detected ubiquitously in ambient water along with other environmental matrices, and their adverse effects on aquatic organisms have been a subject of active investigation. Here, we intended to summarize and synthesize the existing body of knowledge on PFAA toxicity through an extensive literature review, and shed light on areas where further research is warranted. PFAA toxicity appears to be influenced by the sex and developmental stages of aquatic organisms, but not significantly by exposure route. PFAA-induced aquatic toxicity could be classified as metabolism disturbance, reproduction disruption, oxidative stress, developmental toxicity, thyroid disruption, etc. At the molecular level, these responses can be initiated by key events, such as nuclear receptor activation, reactive oxygen species induction, or interaction with a membrane, followed by a cascade of downstream responses. PFAA-induced toxicity involves diverse metabolic processes, and therefore elucidating crosstalk or interactions among diverse metabolic pathways is a challenging task. In the presence of other chemicals, PFAAs can function as agonists or antagonists, resulting in different directions of combined toxicity. Therefore, mixture toxicity with other groups of chemicals is another research opportunity. Experimental evidence supports the trans-generational toxicity of PFAAs, suggesting that their long-term consequences for aquatic ecosystems should become of concern. A recent global ban of several PFAAs resulted in an increasing dependence on PFAA alternatives. The lack of sufficient toxicological information on this emerging group of chemicals warrant caution and rigorous toxicological assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wuk Lee
- Research Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Park
- Research Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Seong
- Research Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Do Yu
- Research Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilje Kim
- Research Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 404-708, Republic of Korea.
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86
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Niu YJ, Zhou W, Nie ZW, Shin KT, Cui XS. Melatonin enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against rotenone-induced mitochondrial deficiency in early porcine embryos. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12627. [PMID: 31773776 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin, a major hormone of the pineal gland, exerts many beneficial effects on mitochondria. Several studies have shown that melatonin can protect against toxin-induced oocyte quality impairment during maturation. However, there is little information regarding the beneficial effects of melatonin on toxin-exposed early embryos, and the mechanisms underlying such effects have not been determined. Rotenone, a chemical widely used in agriculture, induces mitochondrial toxicity, therefore, damaging the reproductive system, impairing oocyte maturation, ovulation, and fertilization. We investigated whether melatonin attenuated rotenone exposure-induced impairment of embryo development by its mitochondrial protection effect. Activated oocytes were randomly assigned to four groups: the control, melatonin treatment, rotenone-exposed, and "rotenone + melatonin" groups. Treatment with melatonin abrogated rotenone-induced impairment of embryo development, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP deficiency, and significantly decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis. Melatonin also increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression, which promoted mitochondrial biogenesis. SIRT1 knockdown or pharmacological inhibition abolished melatonin's ability to revert rotenone-induced impairment. Thus, melatonin rescued rotenone-induced impairment of embryo development by reducing ROS production and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. This study shows that melatonin rescues toxin-induced impairment of early porcine embryo development by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Niu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Zheng-Wen Nie
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Shin
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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87
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Martínez-Cué C, Rueda N. Cellular Senescence in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:16. [PMID: 32116562 PMCID: PMC7026683 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process characterized by a permanent state of cell cycle arrest that can contribute to the decline of the regenerative potential and function of tissues. The increased presence of senescent cells in different neurodegenerative diseases suggests the contribution of senescence in the pathophysiology of these disorders. Although several factors can induce senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and altered proteostasis have been shown to play a role in its onset. Oxidative stress contributes to accelerated aging and cognitive dysfunction stages affecting neurogenesis, neuronal differentiation, connectivity, and survival. During later life stages, it is implicated in the progression of cognitive decline, synapse loss, and neuronal degeneration. Also, neuroinflammation exacerbates oxidative stress, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal death through the harmful effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cell proliferation and maturation. Both oxidative stress and neuroinflammation can induce DNA damage and alterations in DNA repair that, in turn, can exacerbate them. Another important feature associated with senescence is altered proteostasis. Because of the disruption in the function and balance of the proteome, senescence can modify the proper synthesis, folding, quality control, and degradation rate of proteins producing, in some diseases, misfolded proteins or aggregation of abnormal proteins. There is an extensive body of literature that associates cellular senescence with several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Down syndrome (DS), and Parkinson’s disease (PD). This review summarizes the evidence of the shared neuropathological events in these neurodegenerative diseases and the implication of cellular senescence in their onset or aggravation. Understanding the role that cellular senescence plays in them could help to develop new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Martínez-Cué
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Noemí Rueda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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88
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Guo M, Fei D, Zhang L, Xing M. Targeting the miR-122/PKM2 autophagy axis relieves arsenic stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 383:121217. [PMID: 31546213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a natural hepatotoxicity inducer that is found ubiquitously in foods and environmental media. We found that arsenite exposure elicits autophagy in vivo and vitro, the specific role and regulatory mechanism of which are yet clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that function in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Here, we report that miR-122, the most enriched constitutive miRNA in the liver, induced cell protective autophagy in arsenite-exposed hepatocytes. Arsenite exposure elevated miRNA-122 level and decreased the level of its target gene, PKM2. Under arsenic stress, overexpression of miR-122 significantly induced cell protective autophagy, characterized by lipidation of LC3-II and a corresponding consumption of p62. Conversely, autophagy inhibition by miR-122 knockdown was reversed by si-PKM2 cotransfection. We also found that miR-122 knockdown positively regulated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and this phenomenon was reversed by cotransfecting cells with si-PKM2. Taken together, our findings show that the miR-122/PKM2 autophagy axis protects hepatocytes from arsenite stress via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway; thus, miR-122 may be a potential candidate in the treatment of arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Dongxue Fei
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Lina Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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89
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Manthari RK, Tikka Chiranjeevi S, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Zaker L, Yuan J, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J. Paternal exposure to arsenic resulted in oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial impairments in the HPG axis of pubertal male offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124325. [PMID: 31326754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the knowledge of AS-induced reprotoxicity, the literature concerning arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced oxidative stress and consequent intracellular events, like autophagy process, in the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis of F1- pubertal male mice is sparse to date. Hence, we made an attempt to study the reproductive toxicities and the underlying mechanisms induced by As2O3 in the HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice in correlation with oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Parental mice were challenged with As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm) from five weeks before mating, and continued till puberty age for the male pups. It was recorded that higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress and autophagy in the HPG axis. Concomitant with a decrease on mean body weight, total antioxidant capacity, and stereology indices, an increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles, and MDA/GSH ratio in HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice which were exposed to higher As2O3 doses was observed. Meanwhile, concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in the gene expression of ATG3, ATG5, Beclin, as well as protein expression of P62, ATG12, and Beclin in HPG axis tissues; a dose-dependent decrease in PI3K and mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of pubertal F1-males. Altogether, our observations suggest that higher doses of As2O3 have detrimental effects on the functionality of HPG axis in pubertal male mice offspring by increasing MDA/GSH ratio and autophagic cell death-related genes and proteins, as well as by reducing total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R K Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Tikka Chiranjeevi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Z Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - M J Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - L Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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90
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Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic program for the turnover of cellular organelles and proteins, in which double-membraned vesicles (autophagosomes) sequester cytoplasmic cargos, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for degradation. Emerging evidence implicates autophagy as an important modulator of human disease. Macroautophagy and selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy, aggrephagy) can influence cellular processes, including cell death, inflammation, and immune responses, and thereby exert both adaptive and maladaptive roles in disease pathogenesis. Autophagy has been implicated in acute kidney injury, which can arise in response to nephrotoxins, sepsis, and ischemia/reperfusion, and in chronic kidney diseases. The latter includes comorbidities of diabetes and recent evidence for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-associated kidney injury. Roles of autophagy in polycystic kidney disease and kidney cancer have also been described. Targeting the autophagy pathway may have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Choi
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA; .,NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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91
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Murphy KR, Baggett B, Cooper LL, Lu Y, O-Uchi J, Sedivy JM, Terentyev D, Koren G. Enhancing Autophagy Diminishes Aberrant Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Arrhythmogenesis in Aging Rabbit Hearts. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1277. [PMID: 31636573 PMCID: PMC6787934 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Aging in humans is associated with a 10–40-fold greater incidence of sudden cardiac death from malignant tachyarrhythmia. We have reported that thiol oxidation of ryanodine receptors (RyR2s) by mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) contributes to defective Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from aging rabbit hearts. However, mechanisms responsible for the increase in mito-ROS in the aging heart remain poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that age-associated decrease in autophagy is a major contributor to enhanced mito-ROS production and thereby pro-arrhythmic disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis. Methods and Results Ventricular tissues from aged rabbits displayed significant downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial autophagy compared with tissues from young controls. Blocking autophagy with chloroquine increased total ROS production in primary rabbit CMs and mito-ROS production in HL-1 CMs. Furthermore, chloroquine treatment of HL-1 cells depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) to 50% that of controls. Blocking autophagy significantly increased oxidation of RyR2, resulting in enhanced propensity to pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release under β-adrenergic stimulation. Aberrant Ca2+ release was abolished by treatment with the mito-ROS scavenger mito-TEMPO. Importantly, the autophagy enhancer Torin1 and ATG7 overexpression reduced the rate of mito-ROS production and restored both Δψm and defective Ca2+ handling in CMs derived from aged rabbit hearts. Conclusion Decreased autophagy is a major cause of increased mito-ROS production in the aging heart. Our data suggest that promoting autophagy may reduce pathologic mito-ROS during normal aging and reduce pro-arrhythmic spontaneous Ca2+ release via oxidized RyR2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Murphy
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Brett Baggett
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Leroy L Cooper
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.,Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
| | - Yichun Lu
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jin O-Uchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - John M Sedivy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cellular Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Research Center at the Cardiovascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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92
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Kim JH, Kim KM, Jeong JU, Shin JH, Shin JM, Bang KT. Nrf2-Heme oxygenase-1 modulates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis triggered by elevated glucose levels in renal tubule cells. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2019; 38:318-325. [PMID: 31067610 PMCID: PMC6727894 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.18.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a highly balanced process in which lysosomes remove aged and damaged organelles and cellular proteins. Autophagy is essential to maintain homeostasis in the kidneys. Methods Using human renal tubule cells HK-2, we assessed the impact of high glucose (HG) on autophagy. We also evaluated the capability of sulforaphane (SFN) to protect the HK-2 cells from HG-induced apoptosis by modulating autophagy. Results SFN modulated autophagy and decreased apoptosis in the HK-2 cells that were cultured in 250 mM glucose medium for two days. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, as expected, in the cells cultured in the 250 mM glucose medium. However, the SFN decreased the ROS levels in the HK-2 cells. The overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) by SFN decreased the expression of LC3 and beclin-1. LC3 and beclin-1 were involved in the downregulation of caspase-3 that was observed in the HG-induced cells. Conclusion The activation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–HO–1 inhibited ROS expression and subsequently attenuated autophagy and cell apoptosis after HG injury was decreased. HG injury led to the activation of autophagy and HO-1 in order to combat oxidative stress and protect against cell apoptosis. Therefore, HO-1 activation can prevent ROS development and oxidative stress during HG injury, which considerably decreases autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Uk Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Min Shin
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Tae Bang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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93
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Pawar K, Shigematsu M, Loher P, Honda S, Rigoutsos I, Kirino Y. Exploration of CCA-added RNAs revealed the expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs regulated by CCA-adding enzyme. RNA Biol 2019; 16:1817-1825. [PMID: 31512554 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1664885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional non-template additions of nucleotides to 3'-ends of RNAs play important roles in the stability and function of RNA molecules. Although tRNA nucleotidyltransferase (CCA-adding enzyme) is known to add CCA trinucleotides to 3'-ends of tRNAs, whether other RNA species can be endogenous substrates of CCA-adding enzyme has not been widely explored yet. Herein, we used YAMAT-seq to identify non-tRNA substrates of CCA-adding enzyme. YAMAT-seq captures RNA species that form secondary structures with 4-nt protruding 3'-ends of the sequence 5'-NCCA-3', which is the hallmark structure of RNAs that are generated by CCA-adding enzyme. By executing YAMAT-seq for human breast cancer cells and mining the sequence data, we identified novel candidate substrates of CCA-adding enzyme. These included fourteen 'CCA-RNAs' that only contain CCA as non-genomic sequences, and eleven 'NCCA-RNAs' that contain CCA and other nucleotides as non-genomic sequences. All newly-identified (N)CCA-RNAs were derived from the mitochondrial genome and were localized in mitochondria. Knockdown of CCA-adding enzyme severely reduced the expression levels of (N)CCA-RNAs, suggesting that the CCA-adding enzyme-catalyzed CCA additions stabilize the expression of (N)CCA-RNAs. Furthermore, expression levels of (N)CCA-RNAs were severely reduced by various cellular treatments, including UV irradiation, amino acid starvation, inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory complexes, and inhibition of the cell cycle. These results revealed a novel CCA-mediated regulatory pathway for the expression of mitochondrial non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Pawar
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillipe Loher
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shozo Honda
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Computational Medicine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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94
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Corona JC, Carreón-Trujillo S, González-Pérez R, Gómez-Bautista D, Vázquez-González D, Salazar-García M. Atomoxetine produces oxidative stress and alters mitochondrial function in human neuron-like cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13011. [PMID: 31506604 PMCID: PMC6737196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atomoxetine (ATX) is a non-stimulant drug used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. It has been shown that ATX has additional effects beyond the inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake, affecting several signal transduction pathways and alters gene expression. Here, we study alterations in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in human differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed over a range of concentrations of ATX. We found that the highest concentrations of ATX in neuron-like cells, caused cell death and an increase in cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and alterations in mitochondrial mass, membrane potential and autophagy. Interestingly, the dose of 10 μM ATX increased mitochondrial mass and decreased autophagy, despite the induction of cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Thus, ATX has a dual effect depending on the dose used, indicating that ATX produces additional active therapeutic effects on oxidative stress and on mitochondrial function beyond the inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Corona
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sonia Carreón-Trujillo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel González-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Denise Gómez-Bautista
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daniela Vázquez-González
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biología del Desarrollo y Teratogénesis Experimental, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
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95
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Miyazaki T, Gharib SA, Hsu YWA, Xu K, Khodakivskyi P, Kobayashi A, Paragas J, Klose AD, Francis KP, Dubikovskaya E, Page-McCaw PS, Barasch J, Paragas N. Cell-specific image-guided transcriptomics identifies complex injuries caused by ischemic acute kidney injury in mice. Commun Biol 2019; 2:326. [PMID: 31508501 PMCID: PMC6718519 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney's inherent complexity has made identifying cell-specific pathways challenging, particularly when temporally associating them with the dynamic pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, we combine renal cell-specific luciferase reporter mice using a chemoselective luciferin to guide the acquisition of cell-specific transcriptional changes in C57BL/6 background mice. Hydrogen peroxide generation, a common mechanism of tissue damage, was tracked using a peroxy-caged-luciferin to identify optimum time points for immunoprecipitation of labeled ribosomes for RNA-sequencing. Together, these tools revealed a profound impact of AKI on mitochondrial pathways in the collecting duct. In fact, targeting the mitochondria with an antioxidant, ameliorated not only hydrogen peroxide generation, but also significantly reduced oxidative stress and the expression of the AKI biomarker, LCN2. This integrative approach of coupling physiological imaging with transcriptomics and drug testing revealed how the collecting duct responds to AKI and opens new venues for cell-specific predictive monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Miyazaki
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- 2Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sina A Gharib
- 3Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Yun-Wei A Hsu
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Katherine Xu
- 4Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Pavlo Khodakivskyi
- 5Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | | | | | | - Elena Dubikovskaya
- 5Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology of Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick S Page-McCaw
- 9Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Jonathan Barasch
- 4Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Neal Paragas
- 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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96
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Bottoni P, Scatena R. The Tangled Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer: An Innovative Pharmacological Approach. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:2106-2117. [PMID: 31441723 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190823163009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are remarkably gaining significant and different pathogenic roles in cancer (i.e., to sustain specific metabolism, to activate signaling pathways, to promote apoptosis resistance, to favor cancer cell dissemination, and finally to facilitate genome instability). Interestingly, all these roles seem to be linked to the fundamental activity of mitochondria, i.e. oxidative metabolism. Intriguingly, a typical modification of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and reactive oxygen species production/ neutralization seems to have a central role in all these tangled pathogenic roles in cancer. On these bases, a careful understanding of the molecular relationships between cancer and mitochondria may represent a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer progression. The main aim of this review is to stress some neglected aspects of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells to promote more translational research with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. METHODS We reviewed the available literature regarding clinical and experimental studies on various roles of mitochondria in cancer, with attention to the cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism. RESULTS Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species. Their toxic effects seem to increase in cancer cells. However, it is not clear if damage depends on ROS overproduction and/or defect in detoxification. Failure of both these processes is likely a critical component of the cancer process and is strictly related to the actual microenvironment of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria, also by ROS production, have a fundamental pathogenetic role in promoting and maintaining cancer and its spreading. To carefully understand the tangled redox state of cancer cells mitochondria represents a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bottoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Scatena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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97
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Burke CG, Myers JR, Boule LA, Post CM, Brookes PS, Lawrence BP. Early life exposures shape the CD4 + T cell transcriptome, influencing proliferation, differentiation, and mitochondrial dynamics later in life. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11489. [PMID: 31391494 PMCID: PMC6686001 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47866-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life environmental exposures drive lasting changes to the function of the immune system and can contribute to disease later in life. One of the ways environmental factors act is through cellular receptors. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is expressed by immune cells and binds numerous xenobiotics. Early life exposure to chemicals that bind the AHR impairs CD4+ T cell responses to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in adulthood. However, the cellular mechanisms that underlie these durable changes remain poorly defined. Transcriptomic profiling of sorted CD4+ T cells identified changes in genes involved in proliferation, differentiation, and metabolic pathways were associated with triggering AHR during development. Functional bioassays confirmed that CD4+ T cells from infected developmentally exposed offspring exhibit reduced proliferation, differentiation, and cellular metabolism. Thus, developmental AHR activation shapes T cell responsive capacity later in life by affecting integrated cellular pathways, which collectively alter responses later in life. Given that coordinated shifts in T cell metabolism are essential for T cell responses to numerous challenges, and that humans are constantly exposed to many different types of AHR ligands, this has far-reaching implications for how AHR signaling, particularly during development, durably influences T cell mediated immune responses across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Burke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Lisbeth A Boule
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Christina M Post
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - Paul S Brookes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA
| | - B Paige Lawrence
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA.
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14624, USA.
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98
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Melatonin alleviates asphyxial cardiac arrest-induced cerebellar Purkinje cell death by attenuation of oxidative stress. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:112983. [PMID: 31251935 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple reports using animal models have confirmed that melatonin appears to promote neuroprotective effects following ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury, the relationship between its protective effects and activation of autophagy in Purkinje cells following asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) remains unclear. Rats used in this study were randomly assigned to 6 groups as follows; vehicle-treated sham operated group, vehicle-treated asphyxial CA/CPR operated group, melatonin-treated sham operated group, melatonin-treated asphyxial CA/CPR operated group, PDOT (a MT2 melatonin receptor antagonist) plus (+) melatonin-treated sham operated group and PDOT+melatonin-treated asphyxial CA/CPR operated group. Melatonin (20 mg/kg, i.p., 4 times before CA and 3 times after CA) treatment significantly improved survival rate and neurological deficit compared with the vehicle-treated asphyxial CA/CPR rats (survival rates ≥40% vs 10%), showing that melatonin treatment exhibited protective effect against asphyxial CA/CPR-induced Purkinje cell death. The protective effect of melatonin against CA/CPR-induced Purkinje cell death paralleled a remarkable attenuation of autophagy-like processes (Beclin-1, Atg7 and LC3), as well as a dramatic reduction in superoxide anion radical (O2·-), intense enhancements of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and MnSOD (SOD2) expressions. Furthermore, the protective effect was notably reversed by treatment with PDOT, which is a selective MT2 antagonist. In brief, melatonin conferred neuroprotection against asphyxial CA/CPR-induced Purkinje cell death via inhibiting autophagic activation by reducing expressions of O2·- and increasing expressions of antioxidant enzymes, and suggests that MT2 is involved in neuroprotective effect of melatonin against Purkinje cell death caused by asphyxial CA/CPR.
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99
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Ferro F, Servais S, Besson P, Roger S, Dumas JF, Brisson L. Autophagy and mitophagy in cancer metabolic remodelling. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 98:129-138. [PMID: 31154012 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in tumours is now recognized as a hallmark of cancer, participating both in tumour growth and cancer progression. Cancer cells develop global metabolic adaptations allowing them to survive in the low oxygen and nutrient tumour microenvironment. Among these metabolic adaptations, cancer cells use glycolysis but also mitochondrial oxidations to produce ATP and building blocks needed for their high proliferation rate. Another particular adaptation of cancer cell metabolism is the use of autophagy and specific forms of autophagy like mitophagy to recycle intracellular components in condition of metabolic stress or during anticancer treatments. The plasticity of cancer cell metabolism is a major limitation of anticancer treatments and could participate to therapy resistances. The aim of this review is to report recent advances in the understanding of the relationship between tumour metabolism and autophagy/mitophagy in order to propose new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Ferro
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Besson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- Université de Tours, EA4245 Transplantation, Immunologie et Inflammation, Tours, France
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Université de Tours, Inserm, UMR1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France.
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100
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Kaiser N, Corkery D, Wu Y, Laraia L, Waldmann H. Modulation of autophagy by the novel mitochondrial complex I inhibitor Authipyrin. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2444-2448. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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