101
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Eisman RC, Phelps MAS, Kaufman TC. The end of a monolith: Deconstructing the Cnn-Polo interaction. Fly (Austin) 2016; 10:60-72. [PMID: 27096551 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1178419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster a functional pericentriolar matrix (PCM) at mitotic centrosomes requires Centrosomin-Long Form (Cnn-LF) proteins. Moreover, tissue culture cells have shown that the centrosomal localization of both Cnn-LF and Polo kinase are co-dependent, suggesting a direct interaction. Our recent study found Cnn potentially binds to and is phosphorylated by Polo kinase at 2 residues encoded by Exon1A, the initiating exon of a subset of Cnn isoforms. These interactions are required for the centrosomal localization of Cnn-LF in syncytial embryos and a mutation of either phosphorylation site is sufficient to block localization of both mutant and wild-type Cnn when they are co-expressed. Immunoprecipitation experiments show that Cnn-LF interacts directly with mitotically activated Polo kinase and requires the 2 phosphorylation sites in Exon1A. These IP experiments also show that Cnn-LF proteins form multimers. Depending on the stoichiometry between functional and mutant peptides, heteromultimers exhibit dominant negative or positive trans-complementation (rescue) effects on mitosis. Additionally, following the completion of meiosis, Cnn-Short Form (Cnn-SF) proteins are required for polar body formation in embryos, a process previously shown to require Polo kinase. These findings, when combined with previous work, clearly demonstrate the complexity of cnn and show that a view of cnn as encoding a single peptide is too simplistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Eisman
- a Department of Biology , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA
| | | | - Thomas C Kaufman
- a Department of Biology , Indiana University , Bloomington , IN , USA
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102
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Asteriti IA, De Mattia F, Guarguaglini G. Cross-Talk between AURKA and Plk1 in Mitotic Entry and Spindle Assembly. Front Oncol 2015; 5:283. [PMID: 26779436 PMCID: PMC4688340 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is involved in different aspects of mitotic control, from mitotic entry to cytokinesis. Consistent with its pleiotropic roles, several AURKA interactors are able to modulate its activity, the best characterized being the microtubule-binding protein TPX2, the centrosomal protein Cep192, and Bora. Bora has been described as an essential cofactor of AURKA for phosphorylation-mediated activation of the mitotic kinase polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at the G2/M transition. A complex AURKA/Plk1 signaling axis is emerging, with multiple involved actors; recent data suggest that this control network is not restricted to mitotic entry only, but operates throughout mitosis. Here, we integrate available data from the literature to depict the complex interplay between AURKA and Plk1 in G2 and mitosis and how it contributes to their mitotic functions. We will particularly focus on how the activity of specifically localized AURKA/Plk1 pools is modulated in time and space by their reciprocal regulation to ensure the timely and coordinated unfolding of downstream mitotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italia Anna Asteriti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Fabiola De Mattia
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Giulia Guarguaglini
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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103
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Rahman MM, Munzig M, Kaneshiro K, Lee B, Strome S, Müller-Reichert T, Cohen-Fix O. Caenorhabditis elegans polo-like kinase PLK-1 is required for merging parental genomes into a single nucleus. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4718-35. [PMID: 26490119 PMCID: PMC4678026 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-04-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the first zygotic division, the nuclear envelopes of the maternal and paternal pronuclei disassemble, allowing both sets of chromosomes to be incorporated into a single nucleus in daughter cells after mitosis. We found that in Caenorhabditis elegans, partial inactivation of the polo-like kinase PLK-1 causes the formation of two nuclei, containing either the maternal or paternal chromosomes, in each daughter cell. These two nuclei gave rise to paired nuclei in all subsequent cell divisions. The paired-nuclei phenotype was caused by a defect in forming a gap in the nuclear envelopes at the interface between the two pronuclei during the first mitotic division. This was accompanied by defects in chromosome congression and alignment of the maternal and paternal metaphase plates relative to each other. Perturbing chromosome congression by other means also resulted in failure to disassemble the nuclear envelope between the two pronuclei. Our data further show that PLK-1 is needed for nuclear envelope breakdown during early embryogenesis. We propose that during the first zygotic division, PLK-1-dependent chromosome congression and metaphase plate alignment are necessary for the disassembly of the nuclear envelope between the two pronuclei, ultimately allowing intermingling of the maternal and paternal chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Rahman
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mandy Munzig
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kiyomi Kaneshiro
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Brandon Lee
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Susan Strome
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
| | - Thomas Müller-Reichert
- Structural Cell Biology Group, Experimental Center, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Orna Cohen-Fix
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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104
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Archambault V, Lépine G, Kachaner D. Understanding the Polo Kinase machine. Oncogene 2015; 34:4799-807. [PMID: 25619835 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Polo Kinase is a central regulator of cell division required for several events of mitosis and cytokinesis. In addition to a kinase domain (KD), Polo-like kinases (Plks) comprise a Polo-Box domain (PBD), which mediates protein interactions with targets and regulators of Plks. In all organisms that contain Plks, one Plk family member fulfills several essential functions in the regulation of cell division, and here we refer to this conserved protein as Polo Kinase (Plk1 in humans). The PBD and the KD are capable of both cooperation and mutual inhibition in their functions. Crystal structures of the PBD, the KD and, recently, a PBD-KD complex have helped understanding the inner workings of the Polo Kinase. In parallel, an impressive array of molecular mechanisms has been found to mediate the regulation of the protein. Moreover, the targeting of Polo Kinase in the development of anti-cancer drugs has yielded several molecules with which to chemically modulate Polo Kinase to study its biological functions. Here we review our current understanding of the protein function and regulation of Polo Kinase as a fascinating molecular device in control of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Archambault
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Lépine
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - D Kachaner
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Département de biochimie et médecine moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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105
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Polat AN, Karayel Ö, Giese SH, Harmanda B, Sanal E, Hu CK, Renard BY, Özlü N. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Aurora Kinase Inhibition in Monopolar Cytokinesis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4087-98. [PMID: 26270265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinesis is the last step of the cell cycle that requires coordinated activities of the microtubule cytoskeleton, actin cytoskeleton, and membrane compartments. Aurora B kinase is one of the master regulatory kinases that orchestrate multiple events during cytokinesis. To reveal targets of the Aurora B kinase, we combined quantitative mass spectrometry with chemical genetics. Using the quantitative proteomic approach, SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture), we analyzed the phosphoproteome of monopolar cytokinesis upon VX680- or AZD1152-mediated aurora kinase inhibition. In total, our analysis quantified over 20 000 phosphopeptides in response to the Aurora-B kinase inhibition; 246 unique phosphopeptides were significantly down-regulated and 74 were up-regulated. Our data provide a broad analysis of downstream effectors of Aurora kinase and offer insights into how Aurora kinase regulates cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nur Polat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University , Fen Fakultesi, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University , Fen Fakultesi, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Sven H Giese
- Research Group Bioinformatics (NG 4), Robert Koch-Institute , Postfach 65 02 61, D-13302 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin , Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Büşra Harmanda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University , Fen Fakultesi, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Erdem Sanal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University , Fen Fakultesi, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
| | - Chi-Kuo Hu
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine , 291 Campus Drive, Li Ka Shing Building, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bernhard Y Renard
- Research Group Bioinformatics (NG 4), Robert Koch-Institute , Postfach 65 02 61, D-13302 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nurhan Özlü
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University , Fen Fakultesi, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450, Turkey
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106
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Lee HS, Park YY, Cho MY, Chae S, Yoo YS, Kwon MH, Lee CW, Cho H. The chromatin remodeller RSF1 is essential for PLK1 deposition and function at mitotic kinetochores. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7904. [PMID: 26259146 PMCID: PMC4918322 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of PLK1 at kinetochores is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation; however, the mechanism underlying PLK1 recruitment to kinetochores remains unresolved. The chromatin remodeller RSF1 tightly associates with centromere proteins, but its mitotic function is unknown. Here we show that RSF1 localizes at mitotic kinetochores and directly binds PLK1. RSF1 depletion disrupts localization of PLK1 at kinetochores; the C-terminal fragment of RSF1, which can bind PLK1, is sufficient to restore PLK1 localization. Moreover, CDK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1375, and this phosphorylation is necessary for PLK1 recruitment. Subsequently, PLK1 phosphorylates RSF1 at Ser1359, stabilizing PLK1 deposition. Importantly, RSF1 depletion mimicks the chromosome misalignment phenotype resulting from PLK1 knockdown; these defects are rescued by RSF1 S1375D or RSF1 S1359D but not RSF1 S1375A, showing a functional link between phosphorylation of RSF1 and chromosome alignment. Together, these data show that RSF1 is an essential centromeric component that recruits PLK1 to kinetochores and plays a crucial role in faithful cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Yong-Yea Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Chae
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Yoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-380, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 443-380, Korea
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107
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Fujita H, Yoshino Y, Chiba N. Regulation of the centrosome cycle. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 3:e1075643. [PMID: 27308597 PMCID: PMC4905396 DOI: 10.1080/23723556.2015.1075643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome, consisting of mother and daughter centrioles surrounded by the pericentriolar matrix (PCM), functions primarily as a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in most animal cells. In dividing cells the centrosome duplicates once per cell cycle and its number and structure are highly regulated during each cell cycle to organize an effective bipolar spindle in the mitotic phase. Defects in the regulation of centrosome duplication lead to a variety of human diseases, including cancer, through abnormal cell division and inappropriate chromosome segregation. At the end of mitosis the daughter centriole disengages from the mother centriole. This centriole disengagement is an important licensing step for centrosome duplication. In S phase, one new daughter centriole forms perpendicular to each centriole. The centrosome recruits further PCM proteins in the late G2 phase and the two centrosomes separate at mitotic entry to form a bipolar spindle. Here, we summarize research findings in the field of centrosome biology, focusing on the mechanisms of regulation of the centrosome cycle in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujita
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Japan; Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University , 4-1 Seiryomachi Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan
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108
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von Schubert C, Cubizolles F, Bracher JM, Sliedrecht T, Kops GJPL, Nigg EA. Plk1 and Mps1 Cooperatively Regulate the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint in Human Cells. Cell Rep 2015; 12:66-78. [PMID: 26119734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Equal mitotic chromosome segregation is critical for genome integrity and is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We have previously shown that the consensus phosphorylation motif of the essential SAC kinase Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is very similar to that of Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). This prompted us to ask whether human Plk1 cooperates with Mps1 in SAC signaling. Here, we demonstrate that Plk1 promotes checkpoint signaling at kinetochores through the phosphorylation of at least two Mps1 substrates, including KNL-1 and Mps1 itself. As a result, Plk1 activity enhances Mps1 catalytic activity as well as the recruitment of the SAC components Mad1:C-Mad2 and Bub3:BubR1 to kinetochores. We conclude that Plk1 strengthens the robustness of SAC establishment at the onset of mitosis and supports SAC maintenance during prolonged mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad von Schubert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Cubizolles
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine M Bracher
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tale Sliedrecht
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Molecular Cancer Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erich A Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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109
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Espeut J, Lara-Gonzalez P, Sassine M, Shiau AK, Desai A, Abrieu A. Natural Loss of Mps1 Kinase in Nematodes Uncovers a Role for Polo-like Kinase 1 in Spindle Checkpoint Initiation. Cell Rep 2015; 12:58-65. [PMID: 26119738 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The spindle checkpoint safeguards against chromosome loss during cell division by preventing anaphase onset until all chromosomes are attached to spindle microtubules. Checkpoint signal is generated at kinetochores, the primary attachment site on chromosomes for spindle microtubules. Mps1 kinase initiates checkpoint signaling by phosphorylating the kinetochore-localized scaffold protein Knl1 to create phospho-docking sites for Bub1/Bub3. Mps1 is widely conserved but is surprisingly absent in many nematode species. Here, we show that PLK-1, which targets a substrate motif similar to that of Mps1, functionally substitutes for Mps1 in C. elegans by phosphorylating KNL-1 to direct BUB-1/BUB-3 kinetochore recruitment. This finding led us to re-examine checkpoint initiation in human cells, where we found that Plk1 co-inhibition significantly reduced Knl1 phosphorylation and Bub1 kinetochore recruitment relative to Mps1 inhibition alone. Thus, the finding that PLK-1 functionally substitutes for Mps1 in checkpoint initiation in C. elegans uncovered a role for Plk1 in species that have Mps1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Espeut
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo Lara-Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mélanie Sassine
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew K Shiau
- Small Molecule Discovery Program, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arshad Desai
- Laboratory of Chromosome Biology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Ariane Abrieu
- CRBM, CNRS, University of Montpellier, 1919 route de Mende, 34090 Montpellier, France.
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110
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Shrestha R, Little KA, Tamayo JV, Li W, Perlman DH, Devenport D. Mitotic Control of Planar Cell Polarity by Polo-like Kinase 1. Dev Cell 2015; 33:522-34. [PMID: 26004507 PMCID: PMC4464975 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, polarized epithelial cells employ mechanisms to preserve cell polarity and tissue integrity. In dividing cells of the mammalian skin, planar cell polarity (PCP) is maintained through the bulk internalization, equal segregation, and polarized recycling of cortical PCP proteins. The dramatic redistribution of PCP proteins coincides precisely with cell-cycle progression, but the mechanisms coordinating PCP and mitosis are unknown. Here we identify Plk1 as a master regulator of PCP dynamics during mitosis. Plk1 interacts with core PCP component Celsr1 via a conserved polo-box domain (PBD)-binding motif, localizes to mitotic endosomes, and directly phosphorylates Celsr1. Plk1-dependent phosphorylation activates the endocytic motif specifically during mitosis, allowing bulk recruitment of Celsr1 into endosomes. Inhibiting Plk1 activity blocks PCP internalization and perturbs PCP asymmetry. Mimicking dileucine motif phosphorylation is sufficient to drive Celsr1 internalization during interphase. Thus, Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Celsr1 ensures that PCP redistribution is precisely coordinated with mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezma Shrestha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Katherine A Little
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Joel V Tamayo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - David H Perlman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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111
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Woodruff JB, Wueseke O, Viscardi V, Mahamid J, Ochoa SD, Bunkenborg J, Widlund PO, Pozniakovsky A, Zanin E, Bahmanyar S, Zinke A, Hong SH, Decker M, Baumeister W, Andersen JS, Oegema K, Hyman AA. Centrosomes. Regulated assembly of a supramolecular centrosome scaffold in vitro. Science 2015; 348:808-12. [PMID: 25977552 PMCID: PMC5039038 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa3923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The centrosome organizes microtubule arrays within animal cells and comprises two centrioles surrounded by an amorphous protein mass called the pericentriolar material (PCM). Despite the importance of centrosomes as microtubule-organizing centers, the mechanism and regulation of PCM assembly are not well understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, PCM assembly requires the coiled-coil protein SPD-5. We found that recombinant SPD-5 could polymerize to form micrometer-sized porous networks in vitro. Network assembly was accelerated by two conserved regulators that control PCM assembly in vivo, Polo-like kinase-1 and SPD-2/Cep192. Only the assembled SPD-5 networks, and not unassembled SPD-5 protein, functioned as a scaffold for other PCM proteins. Thus, PCM size and binding capacity emerge from the regulated polymerization of one coiled-coil protein to form a porous network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Wueseke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Valeria Viscardi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia Mahamid
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Stacy D Ochoa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jakob Bunkenborg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre 2650, Denmark. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per O Widlund
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrei Pozniakovsky
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Esther Zanin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shirin Bahmanyar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Zinke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sun Hae Hong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Marcus Decker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumeister
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jens S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Oegema
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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112
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Li J, Hong MJ, Chow JP, Man WY, Mak JP, Ma HT, Poon RY. Co-inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and Aurora kinases promotes mitotic catastrophe. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9327-40. [PMID: 25871386 PMCID: PMC4496220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitosis is choreographed by a number of protein kinases including polo-like kinases and Aurora kinases. As these kinases are frequently dysregulated in cancers, small-molecule inhibitors have been developed for targeted anticancer therapies. Given that PLK1 and Aurora kinases possess both unique functions as well as co-regulate multiple mitotic events, whether pharmacological inhibition of these kinases together can enhance mitotic catastrophe remains an outstanding issue to be determined. Using concentrations of inhibitors that did not induce severe mitotic defects on their own, we found that both the metaphase arrest and mitotic slippage induced by inhibitors targeting Aurora A and Aurora B (MK-5108 and Barasertib respectively) were enhanced by a PLK1 inhibitor (BI 2536). We found that PLK1 is overexpressed in cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a highly invasive cancer with poor prognosis, in comparison to normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were more sensitive to BI 2536 as a single agent and co-inhibition with Aurora kinases than normal cells. These observations underscore the mechanism and potential benefits of targeting PLK1 and Aurora kinases to induce mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Myung Jin Hong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy P.H. Chow
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Wing Yu Man
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Joyce P.Y. Mak
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Tang Ma
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Randy Y.C. Poon
- Division of Life Science, Center for Cancer Research, and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
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113
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Woodruff JB, Wueseke O, Hyman AA. Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 369:rstb.2013.0459. [PMID: 25047613 PMCID: PMC4113103 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A centrosome consists of two barrel-shaped centrioles embedded in a matrix of proteins known as the pericentriolar material (PCM). The PCM serves as a platform for protein complexes that regulate organelle trafficking, protein degradation and spindle assembly. Perhaps most important for cell division, the PCM concentrates tubulin and serves as the primary organizing centre for microtubules in metazoan somatic cells. Thus, similar to other well-described organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, the cell has compartmentalized a multitude of vital biochemical reactions in the PCM. However, unlike these other organelles, the PCM is not membrane bound, but rather a dynamic collection of protein complexes and nucleic acids that constitute the organelle's interior and determine its boundary. How is the complex biochemical machinery necessary for the myriad centrosome functions concentrated and maintained in the PCM? Recent advances in proteomics and RNAi screening have unveiled most of the key PCM components and hinted at their molecular interactions (
table 1). Now we must understand how the interactions between these molecules contribute to the mesoscale organization and the assembly of the centrosome. Among outstanding questions are the intrinsic mechanisms that determine PCM shape and size, and how it functions as a biochemical reaction hub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B Woodruff
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Oliver Wueseke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anthony A Hyman
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108, Dresden 01307, Germany
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114
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Roccuzzo M, Visintin C, Tili F, Visintin R. FEAR-mediated activation of Cdc14 is the limiting step for spindle elongation and anaphase progression. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:251-61. [PMID: 25706236 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of cohesins and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibition are thought to be sufficient for triggering chromosome segregation. Here we identify an essential requirement for anaphase chromosome movement. We show that, at anaphase onset, the phosphatase Cdc14 and the polo-like kinase Cdc5 are redundantly required to drive spindle elongation. This role of Cdc14 is mediated by the FEAR network, a group of proteins that activates Cdc14 at anaphase onset, and we suggest that Cdc5 facilitates both Cdc14 activation and CDK inhibition. We further identify the kinesin-5 motor protein Cin8 as a key target of Cdc14. Indeed, Cin8 mutants lacking critical CDK phosphorylation sites suppress the requirement for Cdc14 and Cdc5 in anaphase spindle elongation. Our results indicate that cohesin dissolution and CDK inhibition per se are not sufficient to drive sister chromatid segregation but that the motor protein Cin8 must be activated to elongate the spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roccuzzo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Clara Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Federico Tili
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Rosella Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
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115
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Jung M, Shin MK, Jung YK, Yoo HS. Modulation of macrophage activities in proliferation, lysosome, and phagosome by the nonspecific immunostimulator, mica. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117838. [PMID: 25668030 PMCID: PMC4323240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that the aluminosilicate material mica activated macrophages and showed its immunostimulating effects. However, the mechanisms by which it exerts these effects are unclear. To address this, we evaluated the effects of mica fine particles (MFP, 804.1 ± 0.02 nm) on the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Specifically, RAW 264.7 cells were treated with 100 and 500 μg/mL MFP and their proliferative response was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Changes in global gene expression upon MFP treatment for 12 and 48 h were also determined using microarrays. Following the MFP treatment, RAW 264.7 cells showed a low level of proliferation compared to nontreated cells (p < 0.01). There was a change in an expression level of 1,128 genes after 48 h treatment. Specifically, genes associated with the cell cycle, DNA replication, and pyrimidine and purine metabolisms, were down-regulated in cells treated with MFP, which resulted in reduction of cell proliferation. MFP treatment also up-regulated genes associated with lysosome and phagosome function, which are both required for macrophage activities. We speculate that activation of macrophages by mica is in part derived from up-regulation of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Kwon Jung
- Seobong BioBesstech Co., Ltd., Yeoksam-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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116
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Solc P, Kitajima TS, Yoshida S, Brzakova A, Kaido M, Baran V, Mayer A, Samalova P, Motlik J, Ellenberg J. Multiple requirements of PLK1 during mouse oocyte maturation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116783. [PMID: 25658810 PMCID: PMC4319955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) orchestrates multiple events of cell division. Although PLK1 function has been intensively studied in centriole-containing and rapidly cycling somatic cells, much less is known about its function in the meiotic divisions of mammalian oocytes, which arrest for a long period of time in prophase before meiotic resumption and lack centrioles for spindle assembly. Here, using specific small molecule inhibition combined with live mouse oocyte imaging, we comprehensively characterize meiotic PLK1's functions. We show that PLK1 becomes activated at meiotic resumption on microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) and later at kinetochores. PLK1 is required for efficient meiotic resumption by promoting nuclear envelope breakdown. PLK1 is also needed to recruit centrosomal proteins to acentriolar MTOCs to promote normal spindle formation, as well as for stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment. Consequently, PLK1 inhibition leads to metaphase I arrest with misaligned chromosomes activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Unlike in mitosis, the metaphase I arrest is not bypassed by the inactivation of the SAC. We show that PLK1 is required for the full activation of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by promoting the degradation of the APC/C inhibitor EMI1 and is therefore essential for entry into anaphase I. Moreover, our data suggest that PLK1 is required for proper chromosome segregation and the maintenance of chromosome condensation during the meiosis I-II transition, independently of the APC/C. Thus, our results define the meiotic roles of PLK1 in oocytes and reveal interesting differential requirements of PLK1 between mitosis and oocyte meiosis in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Solc
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Tomoya S. Kitajima
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yoshida
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | - Adela Brzakova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Masako Kaido
- Laboratory for Chromosome Segregation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Alexandra Mayer
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Samalova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
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117
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Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of protein kinases are key tools for signal transduction research and represent a major class of targeted drugs. Recent developments in quantitative proteomics enable an unbiased view on kinase inhibitor selectivity and modes of action in the biological context. While chemical proteomics techniques utilizing quantitative mass spectrometry interrogate both target specificity and affinity in cellular extracts, proteome-wide phosphorylation analyses upon kinase inhibitor treatment identify signal transduction pathway and network regulation in an unbiased manner. Thus, critical information is provided to promote new insights into mechanisms of kinase signaling and their relevance for kinase inhibitor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Daub
- Evotec (München) GmbH, Am Klopferspitz
19a, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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118
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Pagan JK, Marzio A, Jones MJ, Saraf A, Jallepalli PV, Florens L, Washburn MP, Pagano M. Degradation of Cep68 and PCNT cleavage mediate Cep215 removal from the PCM to allow centriole separation, disengagement and licensing. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:31-43. [PMID: 25503564 PMCID: PMC4415623 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An intercentrosomal linker keeps a cell's two centrosomes joined together until it is dissolved at the onset of mitosis. A second connection keeps daughter centrioles engaged to their mothers until they lose their orthogonal arrangement at the end of mitosis. Centriole disengagement is required to license centrioles for duplication. We show that the intercentrosomal linker protein Cep68 is degraded in prometaphase through the SCF(βTrCP) (Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein) ubiquitin ligase complex. Cep68 degradation is initiated by PLK1 phosphorylation of Cep68 on Ser 332, allowing recognition by βTrCP. We also found that Cep68 forms a complex with Cep215 (also known as Cdk5Rap2) and PCNT (also known as pericentrin), two PCM (pericentriolar material) proteins involved in centriole engagement. Cep68 and PCNT bind to different pools of Cep215. We propose that Cep68 degradation allows Cep215 removal from the peripheral PCM preventing centriole separation following disengagement, whereas PCNT cleavage mediates Cep215 removal from the core of the PCM to inhibit centriole disengagement and duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. Pagan
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonio Marzio
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mathew J.K. Jones
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Prasad V. Jallepalli
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Michael P. Washburn
- The Stowers Institute of Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Pathology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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119
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Benada J, Burdová K, Lidak T, von Morgen P, Macurek L. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibits DNA damage response during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:219-31. [PMID: 25607646 PMCID: PMC4613155 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.977067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to genotoxic stress, cells protect their genome integrity by activation of a conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that coordinates DNA repair and progression through the cell cycle. Extensive modification of the chromatin flanking the DNA lesion by ATM kinase and RNF8/RNF168 ubiquitin ligases enables recruitment of various repair factors. Among them BRCA1 and 53BP1 are required for homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining, respectively. Whereas mechanisms of DDR are relatively well understood in interphase cells, comparatively less is known about organization of DDR during mitosis. Although ATM can be activated in mitotic cells, 53BP1 is not recruited to the chromatin until cells exit mitosis. Here we report mitotic phosphorylation of 53BP1 by Plk1 and Cdk1 that impairs the ability of 53BP1 to bind the ubiquitinated H2A and to properly localize to the sites of DNA damage. Phosphorylation of 53BP1 at S1618 occurs at kinetochores and in cytosol and is restricted to mitotic cells. Interaction between 53BP1 and Plk1 depends on the activity of Cdk1. We propose that activity of Cdk1 and Plk1 allows spatiotemporally controlled suppression of 53BP1 function during mitosis.
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Key Words
- 53BP1
- 53BP1, p53 binding protein 1
- ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase
- BRCA1, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein
- Cdk, cyclin dependent kinase
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage response
- H2AX, histone variant H2AX
- IR – ionizing radiation
- MDC1, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1
- NCS – neocarzinostatin
- NZ – nocodazole
- PTIP, PAX transactivation activation domain-interacting protein
- Plk1, Polo-like kinase 1
- Polo like kinase 1
- RIF1, Rap1-interacting factor 1 homolog
- RNAi, RNA interference
- RNF168, RING finger protein 168
- RNF8, RING finger protein 8
- mitosis
- phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benada
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Burdová
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Lidak
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick von Morgen
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology; Institute of Molecular Genetics; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Prague, Czech Republic
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120
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Bancroft J, Auckland P, Samora CP, McAinsh AD. Chromosome congression is promoted by CENP-Q- and CENP-E-dependent pathways. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:171-84. [PMID: 25395579 PMCID: PMC4282051 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.163659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A key step of mitosis is the congression of chromosomes to the spindle equator. Congression is driven by at least two distinct mechanisms: (1) kinetochores slide along the microtubule lattice using the plus-end directed CENP-E motor, and (2) kinetochores biorientating near the pole move to the equator through microtubule depolymerisation-coupled pulling. Here, we show that CENP-Q - a subunit of the CENP-O complex (comprising CENP-O, CENP-P, CENP-Q and CENP-U) that targets polo-like kinase (Plk1) to kinetochores - is also required for the recruitment of CENP-E to kinetochores. We further reveal a CENP-E recruitment-independent role for CENP-Q in depolymerisation-coupled pulling. Both of these functions are abolished by a single point mutation in CENP-Q (S50A) - a residue that is phosphorylated in vivo. Importantly, the S50A mutant does not affect the loading of Plk1 onto kinetochores and leaves the CENP-O complex intact. Thus, the functions of CENP-Q in CENP-E loading and depolymerisation-coupled pulling are independent from its role in Plk1 recruitment and CENP-O complex stabilisation. Taken together, our data provide evidence that phosphoregulation of CENP-Q plays a central function in coordinating chromosome congression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bancroft
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Philip Auckland
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Catarina P Samora
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Andrew D McAinsh
- Mechanochemical Cell Biology Building, Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
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121
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Bauer M, Ahrné E, Baron AP, Glatter T, Fava LL, Santamaria A, Nigg EA, Schmidt A. Evaluation of Data-Dependent and -Independent Mass Spectrometric Workflows for Sensitive Quantification of Proteins and Phosphorylation Sites. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:5973-88. [DOI: 10.1021/pr500860c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bauer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erik Ahrné
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna P. Baron
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timo Glatter
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca L. Fava
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Santamaria
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Erich A. Nigg
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Schmidt
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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122
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Nam HJ, Naylor RM, van Deursen JM. Centrosome dynamics as a source of chromosomal instability. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:65-73. [PMID: 25455111 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate segregation of duplicated chromosomes between two daughter cells depends on bipolar spindle formation, a metaphase state in which sister kinetochores are attached to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. To ensure bi-orientation, cells possess surveillance systems that safeguard against microtubule-kinetochore attachment defects, including the spindle assembly checkpoint and the error correction machinery. However, recent developments have identified centrosome dynamics--that is, centrosome disjunction and poleward movement of duplicated centrosomes--as a central target for deregulation of bi-orientation in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss novel insights into the mechanisms that underlie centrosome dynamics and discuss how these mechanisms are perturbed in cancer cells to drive chromosome mis-segregation and advance neoplastic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ja Nam
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan M Naylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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123
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Li Z, Li J, Bi P, Lu Y, Burcham G, Elzey BD, Ratliff T, Konieczny SF, Ahmad N, Kuang S, Liu X. Plk1 phosphorylation of PTEN causes a tumor-promoting metabolic state. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3642-61. [PMID: 25047839 PMCID: PMC4187734 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00814-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One outcome of activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is increased aerobic glycolysis, but the upstream signaling events that regulate the PI3K pathway, and thus the Warburg effect, are elusive. Increasing evidence suggests that Plk1, a cell cycle regulator, is also involved in cellular events in addition to mitosis. To test whether Plk1 contributes to activation of the PI3K pathway, and thus aerobic glycolysis, we examined potential targets of Plk1 and identified PTEN as a Plk1 substrate. We hypothesize that Plk1 phosphorylation of PTEN leads to its inactivation, activation of the PI3K pathway, and the Warburg effect. Our data show that overexpression of Plk1 leads to activation of the PI3K pathway and enhanced aerobic glycolysis. In contrast, inhibition of Plk1 causes markedly reduced glucose metabolism in mice. Mechanistically, we show that Plk1 phosphorylation of PTEN and Nedd4-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of PTEN, results in PTEN inactivation. Finally, we show that Plk1 phosphorylation of PTEN promotes tumorigenesis in both its phosphatase-dependent and -independent pathways, revealing potentially new drug targets to arrest tumor cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Pengpeng Bi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Grant Burcham
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Timothy Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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124
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Chen YJ, Lai KC, Kuo HH, Chow LP, Yih LH, Lee TC. HSP70 colocalizes with PLK1 at the centrosome and disturbs spindle dynamics in cells arrested in mitosis by arsenic trioxide. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1711-23. [PMID: 24623308 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been shown to be a substrate of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), and it prevents cells arrested in mitosis by arsenic trioxide (ATO) from dying. Here, we report that HSP70 participates in ATO-induced spindle elongation, which interferes with mitosis progression. Our results demonstrate that HSP70 and PLK1 colocalize at the centrosome in ATO-arrested mitotic cells. HSP70 located at the centrosome was found to be phosphorylated by PLK1 at Ser⁶³¹ and Ser⁶³³. Moreover, unlike wild-type HSP70 (HSP70(wt)) and its phosphomimetic mutant (HSP70(SS631,633DD)), a phosphorylation-resistant mutant of HSP70 (HSP70(SS631,633AA)) failed to localize at the centrosome. ATO-induced spindle elongation was abolished in cells overexpressing HSP70(SS631,633AA). Conversely, mitotic spindles in cells ectopically expressing HSP70(SS631,633DD) were more resistant to nocodazole-induced depolymerization than in those expressing HSP70(wt) or HSP70(SS631,633AA). In addition, inhibition of PLK1 significantly reduced HSP70 phosphorylation and induced early onset of apoptosis in ATO-arrested mitotic cells. Taken together, our results indicate that PLK1-mediated phosphorylation and centrosomal localization of HSP70 may interfere with spindle dynamics and prevent apoptosis of ATO-arrested mitotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
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125
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McKinley KL, Cheeseman IM. Polo-like kinase 1 licenses CENP-A deposition at centromeres. Cell 2014; 158:397-411. [PMID: 25036634 PMCID: PMC4192726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To ensure the stable transmission of the genome during vertebrate cell division, the mitotic spindle must attach to a single locus on each chromosome, termed the centromere. The fundamental requirement for faithful centromere inheritance is the controlled deposition of the centromere-specifying histone, CENP-A. However, the regulatory mechanisms that ensure the precise control of CENP-A deposition have proven elusive. Here, we identify polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) as a centromere-localized regulator required to initiate CENP-A deposition in human cells. We demonstrate that faithful CENP-A deposition requires integrated signals from Plk1 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), with Plk1 promoting the localization of the key CENP-A deposition factor, the Mis18 complex, and CDK inhibiting Mis18 complex assembly. By bypassing these regulated steps, we uncoupled CENP-A deposition from cell-cycle progression, resulting in mitotic defects. Thus, CENP-A deposition is controlled by a two-step regulatory paradigm comprised of Plk1 and CDK that is crucial for genomic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L McKinley
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Iain M Cheeseman
- Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, MIT, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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126
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Takagi M, Nishiyama Y, Taguchi A, Imamoto N. Ki67 antigen contributes to the timely accumulation of protein phosphatase 1γ on anaphase chromosomes. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22877-22887. [PMID: 25012651 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ki67 is a protein widely used as cell-proliferation marker, with its cellular functions being hardly unveiled. In this paper, we present the direct interaction between Ki67 and PP1γ, a protein phosphatase showing characteristic accumulation on anaphase chromosomes via the canonical PP1-binding motif within Ki67. In cells depleted of Ki67, PP1γ is targeted to anaphase chromosomes less efficiently. Additionally, overexpression of Ki67, but not a mutant form without the ability to bind PP1γ, induced ectopic localization of PP1γ οn metaphase chromosomes. These observations demonstrate that Ki67 is one factor that defines the cellular behavior of PP1γ in anaphase. To explore the specific roles of the subset of PP1γ recruited on chromosome via its interaction with Ki67 (PP1γ-Ki67), endogenous Ki67 was replaced with a Ki67 mutant deficient in its ability to interact with PP1γ. Although no obvious defects in the progression of mitosis were observed, the timing of dephosphorylation of the mutant Ki67 in anaphase was delayed, indicating that Ki67 itself is one of the substrates of PP1γ-Ki67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Yuko Nishiyama
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Atsuko Taguchi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoko Imamoto
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1, Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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127
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Zitouni S, Nabais C, Jana SC, Guerrero A, Bettencourt-Dias M. Polo-like kinases: structural variations lead to multiple functions. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:433-52. [PMID: 24954208 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the polo-like kinase (PLK) family are crucial regulators of cell cycle progression, centriole duplication, mitosis, cytokinesis and the DNA damage response. PLKs undergo major changes in abundance, activity, localization and structure at different stages of the cell cycle. They interact with other proteins in a tightly controlled spatiotemporal manner as part of a network that coordinates key cell cycle events. Their essential roles are highlighted by the fact that alterations in PLK function are associated with cancers and other diseases. Recent knowledge gained from PLK crystal structures, evolution and interacting molecules offers important insights into the mechanisms that underlie their regulation and activity, and suggests novel functions unrelated to cell cycle control for this family of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem Zitouni
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nabais
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Swadhin Chandra Jana
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Adán Guerrero
- 1] Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal. [2] Laboratorio Nacional de Microscopía Avanzada, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca Mor., Mexico
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128
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Douglas P, Ye R, Trinkle-Mulcahy L, Neal J, De Wever V, Morrice N, Meek K, Lees-Miller S. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) regulate DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) phosphorylation in mitosis. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:e00113. [PMID: 24844881 PMCID: PMC4069685 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase activity of the DNA-PKcs (DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit) and its autophosphorylation are critical for DBS (DNA double-strand break) repair via NHEJ (non-homologous end-joining). Recent studies have shown that depletion or inactivation of DNA-PKcs kinase activity also results in mitotic defects. DNA-PKcs is autophosphorylated on Ser2056, Thr2647 and Thr2609 in mitosis and phosphorylated DNA-PKcs localize to centrosomes, mitotic spindles and the midbody. DNA-PKcs also interacts with PP6 (protein phosphatase 6), and PP6 has been shown to dephosphorylate Aurora A kinase in mitosis. Here we report that DNA-PKcs is phosphorylated on Ser3205 and Thr3950 in mitosis. Phosphorylation of Thr3950 is DNA-PK-dependent, whereas phosphorylation of Ser3205 requires PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1). Moreover, PLK1 phosphorylates DNA-PKcs on Ser3205 in vitro and interacts with DNA-PKcs in mitosis. In addition, PP6 dephosphorylates DNA-PKcs at Ser3205 in mitosis and after IR (ionizing radiation). DNA-PKcs also phosphorylates Chk2 on Thr68 in mitosis and both phosphorylation of Chk2 and autophosphorylation of DNA-PKcs in mitosis occur in the apparent absence of Ku and DNA damage. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the roles of DNA-PKcs and PP6 in mitosis and suggest that DNA-PKcs' role in mitosis may be mechanistically distinct from its well-established role in NHEJ.
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Key Words
- dna-dependent protein kinase
- midbody
- mitosis
- polo-like protein kinase 1
- protein phosphatase 6
- atm, ataxia telangiectasia mutated
- chk2, checkpoint kinase 2
- dmem, dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium
- dna-pkcs, dna-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit
- dapi, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- dsb, dna double-strand break
- fha, forkhead associated
- gfp, green fluorescent protein
- ir, ionizing radiation
- mem, minimum essential medium alpha
- nhej, non-homologous end-joining
- pipes, 1,4-piperazinediethanesulfonic acid
- plk1, polo-like kinase-1
- pp6, protein phosphatase 6
- sirna, small interfering rna
- tpx2, targeting protein for xklp2
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Douglas
- *Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Ruiqiong Ye
- *Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
| | - Laura Trinkle-Mulcahy
- †Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Jessica A. Neal
- ‡Departments of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Veerle De Wever
- §Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Nick A. Morrice
- ∥Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD Scotland, U.K
| | - Katheryn Meek
- ‡Departments of Pathobiology & Diagnostic Investigation, and Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, U.S.A
| | - Susan P. Lees-Miller
- *Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Oncology, Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 4N1
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129
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Wälde S, King MC. The KASH protein Kms2 coordinates mitotic remodeling of the spindle pole body. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3625-40. [PMID: 24963130 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the biogenesis of the spindle pole body (SPB), the yeast centrosome equivalent, can lead to monopolar spindles and mitotic catastrophe. The KASH domain protein Kms2 and the SUN domain protein Sad1 colocalize within the nuclear envelope at the site of SPB attachment during interphase and at the spindle poles during mitosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that Kms2 interacts with the essential SPB components Cut12 and Pcp1 and the Polo kinase Plo1. Depletion of Kms2 delays mitotic entry and leads to defects in the insertion of the SPB into the nuclear envelope, disrupting stable bipolar spindle formation. These effects are mediated in part by a delay in the recruitment of Plo1 to the SPB at mitotic entry. Plo1 activity supports mitotic SPB remodeling by driving a burst of incorporation of Cut12 and Pcp1. Thus, a fission yeast SUN-KASH complex plays an important role in supporting the remodeling of the SPB at mitotic entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wälde
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Megan C King
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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130
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Rajanala K, Sarkar A, Jhingan GD, Priyadarshini R, Jalan M, Sengupta S, Nandicoori VK. Phosphorylation of nucleoporin Tpr governs its differential localization and is required for its mitotic function. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:3505-20. [PMID: 24938596 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.149112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A major constituent of the nuclear basket region of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), nucleoporin Tpr, plays roles in regulating multiple important processes. We have previously established that Tpr is phosphorylated in both a MAP-kinase-dependent and MAP-kinase-independent manner, and that Tpr acts as both a substrate and as a scaffold for ERK2 (also known as MAPK1). Here, we report the identification of S2059 and S2094 as the major novel ERK-independent phosphorylation sites and T1677, S2020, S2023 and S2034 as additional ERK-independent phosphorylation sites found in the Tpr protein in vivo. Our results suggest that protein kinase A phosphorylates the S2094 residue and that the site is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis. Furthermore, we find that Tpr is phosphorylated at the S2059 residue by CDK1 and the phosphorylated form distinctly localizes with chromatin during telophase. Abrogation of S2059 phosphorylation abolishes the interaction of Tpr with Mad1, thus compromising the localization of both Mad1 and Mad2 proteins, resulting in cell cycle defects. The identification of novel phosphorylation sites on Tpr and the observations presented in this study allow better understanding of Tpr functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Rajanala
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Anshuk Sarkar
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Gagan Deep Jhingan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Raina Priyadarshini
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Manisha Jalan
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
| | - Sagar Sengupta
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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131
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Chakraborty A, Prasanth SG. Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of HP1α governs accurate mitotic progression. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1663-70. [PMID: 24786771 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1α (HP1α), a bona fide factor of silent chromatin, is required for establishing as well as maintaining the higher-order chromatin structure in eukaryotes. HP1α is decorated with several post-translational modifications, and many of these are critical for its cellular functions. HP1α is heavily phosphorylated; however, its physiological relevance had remained to be completely understood. We have recently demonstrated that human HP1α is a mitotic target for NDR kinase, and the phosphorylation at the hinge region of HP1α at the G 2/M phase of the cell cycle is crucial for mitotic progression and Sgo1 loading at mitotic centromeres (Chakraborty et al., 2014). We now demonstrate that the dephosphorylation of HP1α within its hinge domain occurs during mitosis, specifically soon after prometaphase. In the absence of the hinge-specific HP1α phosphorylation, either as a consequence of depleting NDR1 or in cells expressing a non-phosphorylatable HP1α mutant, the cells arrest in prometaphase with several mitotic defects. In this study we show that NDR1-depleted cells expressing hinge-specific phosphomimetic HP1α mutant rescues the prometaphase arrest but displays defects in mitotic exit, suggesting that the dephosphorylation of HP1α is required for the completion of cytokinesis. Taken together, our results reveal that the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycle of HP1α orchestrates accurate progression of cells through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Chakraborty
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
| | - Supriya G Prasanth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Urbana, IL USA
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132
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Conduit PT, Feng Z, Richens JH, Baumbach J, Wainman A, Bakshi SD, Dobbelaere J, Johnson S, Lea SM, Raff JW. The centrosome-specific phosphorylation of Cnn by Polo/Plk1 drives Cnn scaffold assembly and centrosome maturation. Dev Cell 2014; 28:659-69. [PMID: 24656740 PMCID: PMC3988887 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes are important cell organizers. They consist of a pair of centrioles surrounded by pericentriolar material (PCM) that expands dramatically during mitosis-a process termed centrosome maturation. How centrosomes mature remains mysterious. Here, we identify a domain in Drosophila Cnn that appears to be phosphorylated by Polo/Plk1 specifically at centrosomes during mitosis. The phosphorylation promotes the assembly of a Cnn scaffold around the centrioles that is in constant flux, with Cnn molecules recruited continuously around the centrioles as the scaffold spreads slowly outward. Mutations that block Cnn phosphorylation strongly inhibit scaffold assembly and centrosome maturation, whereas phosphomimicking mutations allow Cnn to multimerize in vitro and to spontaneously form cytoplasmic scaffolds in vivo that organize microtubules independently of centrosomes. We conclude that Polo/Plk1 initiates the phosphorylation-dependent assembly of a Cnn scaffold around centrioles that is essential for efficient centrosome maturation in flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Conduit
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Zhe Feng
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jennifer H Richens
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Janina Baumbach
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Alan Wainman
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Suruchi D Bakshi
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, 24-29 St Giles, Oxford OX1 3LB, UK
| | | | - Steven Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Susan M Lea
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jordan W Raff
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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133
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Jiang LH, Yang NY, Yuan XL, Zou YJ, Zhao FM, Chen JP, Wang MY, Lu DX. Daucosterol promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:90-9. [PMID: 24333794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of daucosterol (a sterolin) on the promotion of NSC proliferation and determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that daucosterol significantly increased the quantity of viable cells and the effectiveness of daucosterol was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Flow cytometry detection of CFSE-labeled (CFSE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) NSCs showed that Div Index (or the average number of cell divisions) and % Divided (or the percentage of cells that divided at least once) of the cells were increased, indicating that daucosterol increased the percentage of NSCs re-entering the cell cycle. mRNA microarray analysis showed that 333 genes that are mostly involved in the mitotic cell cycle were up-regulated. By contrast, 627 genes that are mostly involved in differentiation were down-regulated. In particular, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) was considered as an important regulatory gene that functionally promoted NSC proliferation, and the increased expression of IGF1 protein was validated by ELISA. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT was increased, indicating that the proliferation-enhancing activity of daucosterol may be involved in IGF1-AKT pathway. Our study provided information about daucosterol as an efficient and inexpensive growth factor alternative that could be used in clinical medicine and research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hua Jiang
- Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nian-yun Yang
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Xiao-lin Yuan
- Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Yi-jie Zou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Feng-ming Zhao
- Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Jian-ping Chen
- Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Ming-yan Wang
- Basic Medical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210038, China.
| | - Da-xiang Lu
- Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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134
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Nicholson J, Scherl A, Way L, Blackburn EA, Walkinshaw MD, Ball KL, Hupp TR. A systems wide mass spectrometric based linear motif screen to identify dominant in-vivo interacting proteins for the ubiquitin ligase MDM2. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1243-57. [PMID: 24583282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Linear motifs mediate protein-protein interactions (PPI) that allow expansion of a target protein interactome at a systems level. This study uses a proteomics approach and linear motif sub-stratifications to expand on PPIs of MDM2. MDM2 is a multi-functional protein with over one hundred known binding partners not stratified by hierarchy or function. A new linear motif based on a MDM2 interaction consensus is used to select novel MDM2 interactors based on Nutlin-3 responsiveness in a cell-based proteomics screen. MDM2 binds a subset of peptide motifs corresponding to real proteins with a range of allosteric responses to MDM2 ligands. We validate cyclophilin B as a novel protein with a consensus MDM2 binding motif that is stabilised by Nutlin-3 in vivo, thus identifying one of the few known interactors of MDM2 that is stabilised by Nutlin-3. These data invoke two modes of peptide binding at the MDM2 N-terminus that rely on a consensus core motif to control the equilibrium between MDM2 binding proteins. This approach stratifies MDM2 interacting proteins based on the linear motif feature and provides a new biomarker assay to define clinically relevant Nutlin-3 responsive MDM2 interactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Nicholson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom; Department of Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Scherl
- Proteomics Core Facility, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luke Way
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- Edinburgh Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm D Walkinshaw
- Edinburgh Centre for Chemical Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn L Ball
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom
| | - Ted R Hupp
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Cell Signalling Unit, University of Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, United Kingdom.
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135
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Cheerambathur DK, Desai A. Linked in: formation and regulation of microtubule attachments during chromosome segregation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2014; 26:113-22. [PMID: 24529253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate segregation of the replicated genome during cell division depends on dynamic attachments formed between chromosomes and the microtubule polymers of the spindle. Here we review recent advances in mechanistic analysis of microtubule attachment formation and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Arshad Desai
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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136
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Takagi M, Imamoto N. Control of nuclear size by NPC proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:571-91. [PMID: 24563366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the cell nucleus in cancer cells is often altered in a manner associated with the tumor type and aggressiveness. Therefore, it has been the central criterion in the pathological diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the molecular mechanism behind these observed changes in nuclear morphology, including size, remains completely unknown. Based on our current understanding of the physiology of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and its constituents, which are collectively referred to as nucleoporins (Nups), we discuss how the structural and functional ablation of the NPC and Nups could directly or indirectly contribute to the changes in nuclear size observed in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, WAKO, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan,
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137
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Bakke O, Progida C. Emerging regulators of endosomal dynamics during mitosis. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:349-50. [PMID: 24343117 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences; Centre of Immune Regulation; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
| | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences; Centre of Immune Regulation; University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
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138
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Ghenoiu C, Wheelock MS, Funabiki H. Autoinhibition and Polo-dependent multisite phosphorylation restrict activity of the histone H3 kinase Haspin to mitosis. Mol Cell 2013; 52:734-45. [PMID: 24184212 PMCID: PMC3865225 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mitosis-specific phosphorylation of histone H3 at Thr3 (H3T3ph) plays an important role in chromosome segregation by recruiting Aurora B. H3T3 phosphorylation is catalyzed by Haspin, an atypical protein kinase whose kinase domain is intrinsically active without phosphorylation at the activation loop. Here, we report the molecular basis for Haspin inhibition during interphase and its reactivation in M phase. We identify a conserved basic segment that autoinhibits Haspin during interphase. This autoinhibition is neutralized when Cdk1 phosphorylates the N terminus of Haspin in order to recruit Polo-like kinase (Plk1/Plx1), which, in turn, further phosphorylates multiple sites at the Haspin N terminus. Although Plx1, and not Aurora B, is critical for H3T3 phosphorylation in Xenopus egg extracts, Plk1 and Aurora B both promote this modification in human cells. Thus, M phase-specific H3T3 phosphorylation is governed by the combinatorial action of mitotic kinases that neutralizes Haspin autoinhibition through a mechanism dependent on multisite phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ghenoiu
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael S Wheelock
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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139
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Silva VC, Cassimeris L. Stathmin and microtubules regulate mitotic entry in HeLa cells by controlling activation of both Aurora kinase A and Plk1. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:3819-31. [PMID: 24152729 PMCID: PMC3861079 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-02-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Depletion of stathmin, a microtubule (MT) destabilizer, delays mitotic entry by ∼4 h in HeLa cells. Stathmin depletion reduced the activity of CDC25 and its upstream activators, Aurora A and Plk1. Chemical inhibition of both Aurora A and Plk1 was sufficient to delay mitotic entry by 4 h, while inhibiting either kinase alone did not cause a delay. Aurora A and Plk1 are likely regulated downstream of stathmin, because the combination of stathmin knockdown and inhibition of Aurora A and Plk1 was not additive and again delayed mitotic entry by 4 h. Aurora A localization to the centrosome required MTs, while stathmin depletion spread its localization beyond that of γ-tubulin, indicating an MT-dependent regulation of Aurora A activation. Plk1 was inhibited by excess stathmin, detected in in vitro assays and cells overexpressing stathmin-cyan fluorescent protein. Recruitment of Plk1 to the centrosome was delayed in stathmin-depleted cells, independent of MTs. It has been shown that depolymerizing MTs with nocodazole abrogates the stathmin-depletion induced cell cycle delay; in this study, depolymerization with nocodazole restored Plk1 activity to near normal levels, demonstrating that MTs also contribute to Plk1 activation. These data demonstrate that stathmin regulates mitotic entry, partially via MTs, to control localization and activation of both Aurora A and Plk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
| | - Lynne Cassimeris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015
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140
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Syred HM, Welburn J, Rappsilber J, Ohkura H. Cell cycle regulation of microtubule interactomes: multi-layered regulation is critical for the interphase/mitosis transition. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:3135-47. [PMID: 23893837 PMCID: PMC3820929 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules dramatically change their dynamics and organization at the entry into mitosis. Although this change is mediated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), how MAPs themselves are regulated is not well understood. Here we used an integrated multi-level approach to establish the framework and biological significance of MAP regulation critical for the interphase/mitosis transition. Firstly, we applied quantitative proteomics to determine global cell cycle changes in the profiles of MAPs in human and Drosophila cells. This uncovered a wide range of cell cycle regulations of MAPs previously unidentified. Secondly, systematic studies of human kinesins highlighted an overlooked aspect of kinesins: most mitotic kinesins suppress their affinity to microtubules or reduce their protein levels in interphase in combination with nuclear localization. Thirdly, in-depth analysis of a novel Drosophila MAP (Mink) revealed that the suppression of the microtubule affinity of this mitotic MAP in combination with nuclear localization is essential for microtubule organization in interphase, and phosphorylation of Mink is needed for kinetochore-microtubule attachment in mitosis. Thus, this first comprehensive analysis of MAP regulation for the interphase/mitosis transition advances our understanding of kinesin biology and reveals the prevalence and importance of multi-layered MAP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Syred
- From the ‡Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Welburn
- From the ‡Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- From the ‡Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroyuki Ohkura
- From the ‡Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
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141
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Profiling of the mammalian mitotic spindle proteome reveals an ER protein, OSTD-1, as being necessary for cell division and ER morphology. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77051. [PMID: 24130834 PMCID: PMC3794981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division is important for many cellular processes including cell growth, reproduction, wound healing and stem cell renewal. Failures in cell division can often lead to tumors and birth defects. To identify factors necessary for this process, we implemented a comparative profiling strategy of the published mitotic spindle proteome from our laboratory. Of the candidate mammalian proteins, we determined that 77% had orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans and 18% were associated with human disease. Of the C. elegans candidates (n=146), we determined that 34 genes functioned in embryonic development and 56% of these were predicted to be membrane trafficking proteins. A secondary, visual screen to detect distinct defects in cell division revealed 21 genes that were necessary for cytokinesis. One of these candidates, OSTD-1, an ER resident protein, was further characterized due to the aberrant cleavage furrow placement and failures in division. We determined that OSTD-1 plays a role in maintaining the dynamic morphology of the ER during the cell cycle. In addition, 65% of all ostd-1 RNAi-treated embryos failed to correctly position cleavage furrows, suggesting that proper ER morphology plays a necessary function during animal cell division.
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142
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Bibi N, Parveen Z, Rashid S. Identification of potential Plk1 targets in a cell-cycle specific proteome through structural dynamics of kinase and Polo box-mediated interactions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70843. [PMID: 23967120 PMCID: PMC3744538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo like kinase 1 (Plk1) is a key player in orchestrating the wide variety of cell-cycle events ranging from centrosome maturation, mitotic entry, checkpoint recovery, transcriptional control, spindle assembly, mitotic progression, cytokinesis and DNA damage checkpoints recovery. Due to its versatile nature, Plk1 is considered an imperative regulator to tightly control the diverse aspects of the cell cycle network. Interactions among Plk1 polo box domain (PBD) and its putative binding proteins are crucial for the activation of Plk1 kinase domain (KD). To date, only a few substrate candidates have been characterized through the inclusion of both polo box and kinase domain-mediated interactions. Thus it became compelling to explore precise and specific Plk1 substrates through reassessment and extension of the structure-function paradigm. To narrow this apparently wide gap in knowledge, here we employed a thorough sequence search of Plk1 phosphorylation signature containing proteins and explored their structure-based features like conceptual PBD-binding capabilities and subsequent recruitment of KD directed phosphorylation to dissect novel targets of Plk1. Collectively, we identified 4,521 phosphodependent proteins sharing similarity to the consensus phosphorylation and PBD recognition motifs. Subsequent application of filters including similarity index, Gene Ontology enrichment and protein localization resulted in stringent pre-filtering of irrelevant candidates and isolated unique targets with well-defined roles in cell-cycle machinery and carcinogenesis. These candidates were further refined structurally using molecular docking and dynamic simulation assays. Overall, our screening approach enables the identification of several undefined cell-cycle associated functions of Plk1 by uncovering novel phosphorylation targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nousheen Bibi
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Parveen
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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143
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Wang P, Galan JA, Normandin K, Bonneil É, Hickson GR, Roux PP, Thibault P, Archambault V. Cell cycle regulation of Greatwall kinase nuclear localization facilitates mitotic progression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 202:277-93. [PMID: 23857770 PMCID: PMC3718974 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201211141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Greatwall kinase relocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is required at mitotic entry and is mediated by a phosphorylation-dependent mechanism targeting its central region. Cell division requires the coordination of critical protein kinases and phosphatases. Greatwall (Gwl) kinase activity inactivates PP2A-B55 at mitotic entry to promote the phosphorylation of cyclin B–Cdk1 substrates, but how Gwl is regulated is poorly understood. We found that the subcellular localization of Gwl changed dramatically during the cell cycle in Drosophila. Gwl translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in prophase. We identified two critical nuclear localization signals in the central, poorly characterized region of Gwl, which are required for its function. The Polo kinase associated with and phosphorylated Gwl in this region, promoting its binding to 14-3-3ε and its localization to the cytoplasm in prophase. Our results suggest that cyclin B–Cdk1 phosphorylation of Gwl is also required for its nuclear exclusion by a distinct mechanism. We show that the nucleo-cytoplasmic regulation of Gwl is essential for its functions in vivo and propose that the spatial regulation of Gwl at mitotic entry contributes to the mitotic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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144
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Ni W, Xu SL, Chalkley RJ, Pham TND, Guan S, Maltby DA, Burlingame AL, Wang ZY, Quail PH. Multisite light-induced phosphorylation of the transcription factor PIF3 is necessary for both its rapid degradation and concomitant negative feedback modulation of photoreceptor phyB levels in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2679-98. [PMID: 23903316 PMCID: PMC3753391 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants constantly monitor informational light signals using sensory photoreceptors, which include the phytochrome (phy) family (phyA to phyE), and adjust their growth and development accordingly. Following light-induced nuclear translocation, photoactivated phy molecules bind to and induce rapid phosphorylation and degradation of phy-interacting basic Helix Loop Helix (bHLH) transcription factors (PIFs), such as PIF3, thereby regulating the expression of target genes. However, the mechanisms underlying the signal-relay process are still not fully understood. Here, using mass spectrometry, we identify multiple, in vivo, light-induced Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites in PIF3. Using transgenic expression of site-directed mutants of PIF3, we provide evidence that a set of these phosphorylation events acts collectively to trigger rapid degradation of the PIF3 protein in response to initial exposure of dark-grown seedlings to light. In addition, we show that phyB-induced PIF3 phosphorylation is also required for the known negative feedback modulation of phyB levels in prolonged light, potentially through codegradation of phyB and PIF3. This mutually regulatory intermolecular transaction thus provides a mechanism with the dual capacity to promote early, graded, or threshold regulation of the primary, PIF3-controlled transcriptional network in response to initial light exposure, and later, to attenuate global sensitivity to the light signal through reductions in photoreceptor levels upon prolonged exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ni
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California 94710
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Robert J. Chalkley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Thao Nguyen D. Pham
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California 94710
| | - Shenheng Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Dave A. Maltby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Alma L. Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Peter H. Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California 94710
- Address correspondence to
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145
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Liu Z, Wang Y, Xue Y. Phosphoproteomics-based network medicine. FEBS J 2013; 280:5696-704. [PMID: 23751130 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the major tasks of phosphoproteomics is providing potential biomarkers for either diagnosis or drug targets in medical applications. Because most complex diseases are due to the actions of multiple genes/proteins, the identification of complex phospho-signatures containing multiple phosphorylation events within phosphoproteomics-based networks generates more efficient and robust biomarkers than a single, differentially phosphorylated substrate or site. Here, we briefly summarize the current efforts and progress in this newly emerging field of phosphoproteomics-based network medicine by reviewing the computational (re)construction of phosphorylation-mediated signaling networks from unannotated phosphoproteomic data, the discovery of robust network phospho-signatures and the application of these signatures for classifying cancers and predicting drug responses. The challenges as well as the potential advantages are evaluated and discussed. Although the current techniques are at present far from mature, we believe that such a systematic approach as we describe can generate more useful and robust biomarkers for biomedical usage, even at the current stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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146
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Wierer M, Verde G, Pisano P, Molina H, Font-Mateu J, Di Croce L, Beato M. PLK1 signaling in breast cancer cells cooperates with estrogen receptor-dependent gene transcription. Cell Rep 2013; 3:2021-32. [PMID: 23770244 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of cell division and is overexpressed in many types of human cancers. Compared to its well-characterized role in mitosis, little is known about PLK1 functions in interphase. Here, we report that PLK1 mediates estrogen receptor (ER)-regulated gene transcription in human breast cancer cells. PLK1 interacts with ER and is recruited to ER cis-elements on chromatin. PLK1-coactivated genes included classical ER target genes such as Ps2, Wisp2, and Serpina3 and were enriched in developmental and tumor-suppressive functions. Performing large-scale phosphoproteomics of estradiol-treated MCF7 cells in the presence or absence of the specific PLK1 inhibitor BI2536, we identified several PLK1 end targets involved in transcription, including the histone H3K4 trimethylase MLL2, the function of which on ER target genes was impaired by PLK1 inhibition. Our results propose a mechanism for the tumor-suppressive role of PLK1 in mammals as an interphase transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wierer
- Gene Regulation Stem Cells and Cancer Program, Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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147
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Sonnen KF, Gabryjonczyk AM, Anselm E, Stierhof YD, Nigg EA. Human Cep192 and Cep152 cooperate in Plk4 recruitment and centriole duplication. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3223-33. [PMID: 23641073 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.129502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) is a key regulator of centriole duplication, but the mechanism underlying its recruitment to mammalian centrioles is not understood. In flies, Plk4 recruitment depends on Asterless, whereas nematodes rely on a distinct protein, Spd-2. Here, we have explored the roles of two homologous mammalian proteins, Cep152 and Cep192, in the centriole recruitment of human Plk4. We demonstrate that Cep192 plays a key role in centrosome recruitment of both Cep152 and Plk4. Double-depletion of Cep192 and Cep152 completely abolishes Plk4 binding to centrioles as well as centriole duplication, indicating that the two proteins cooperate. Most importantly, we show that Cep192 binds Plk4 through an N-terminal extension that is specific to the largest isoform. The Plk4 binding regions of Cep192 and Cep152 (residues 190-240 and 1-46, respectively) are rich in negatively charged amino acids, suggesting that Plk4 localization to centrioles depends on electrostatic interactions with the positively charged polo-box domain. We conclude that cooperation between Cep192 and Cep152 is crucial for centriole recruitment of Plk4 and centriole duplication during the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina F Sonnen
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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148
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Halim VA, Alvarez-Fernandez M, Xu YJ, Aprelia M, van den Toorn HWP, Heck AJR, Mohammed S, Medema RH. Comparative Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Checkpoint Recovery Identifies New Regulators of the DNA Damage Response. Sci Signal 2013; 6:rs9. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2003664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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149
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Maier B, Kirsch M, Anderhub S, Zentgraf H, Krämer A. The novel actin/focal adhesion-associated protein MISP is involved in mitotic spindle positioning in human cells. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1457-71. [PMID: 23574715 PMCID: PMC3674073 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate mitotic spindle positioning is essential for the regulation of cell fate choices, cell size and cell position within tissues. The most prominent model of spindle positioning involves a cortical pulling mechanism, where the minus end-directed microtubule motor protein dynein is attached to the cell cortex and exerts pulling forces on the plus ends of astral microtubules that reach the cortex. In nonpolarized cultured cells integrin-dependent, retraction fiber-mediated cell adhesion is involved in spindle orientation. Proteins serving as intermediaries between cortical actin or retraction fibers and astral microtubules remain largely unknown. In a recent genome-wide RNAi screen we identified a previously uncharacterized protein, MISP (C19ORF21) as being involved in centrosome clustering, a process leading to the clustering of supernumerary centrosomes in cancer cells into a bipolar mitotic spindle array by microtubule tension. Here, we show that MISP is associated with the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions and is expressed only in adherent cell types. During mitosis MISP is phosphorylated by Cdk1 and localizes to retraction fibers. MISP interacts with the +TIP EB1 and p150glued, a subunit of the dynein/dynactin complex. Depletion of MISP causes mitotic arrest with reduced tension across sister kinetochores, chromosome misalignment and spindle multipolarity in cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes. Analysis of spindle orientation revealed that MISP depletion causes randomization of mitotic spindle positioning relative to cell axes and cell center. Together, we propose that MISP links microtubules to the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions in order to properly position the mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Maier
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Molecular Hematology/Oncology, German Cancer Research Center and Department of Internal Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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150
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Yeh TY, Kowalska AK, Scipioni BR, Cheong FKY, Zheng M, Derewenda U, Derewenda ZS, Schroer TA. Dynactin helps target Polo-like kinase 1 to kinetochores via its left-handed beta-helical p27 subunit. EMBO J 2013; 32:1023-35. [PMID: 23455152 PMCID: PMC3616283 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynactin is a protein complex required for the in vivo function of cytoplasmic dynein, a microtubule (MT)-based motor. Dynactin binds both dynein and MTs via its p150(Glued) subunit, but little is known about the 'pointed-end complex' that includes the protein subunits Arp11, p62 and the p27/p25 heterodimer. Here, we show that the p27/p25 heterodimer undergoes mitotic phosphorylation by cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) at a single site, p27 Thr186, to generate an anchoring site for polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) at kinetochores. Removal of p27/p25 from dynactin results in reduced levels of Plk1 and its phosphorylated substrates at kinetochores in prometaphase, which correlates with aberrant kinetochore-MT interactions, improper chromosome alignment and abbreviated mitosis. To investigate the structural implications of p27 phosphorylation, we determined the structure of human p27. This revealed an unusual left-handed β-helix domain, with the phosphorylation site located within a disordered, C-terminal segment. We conclude that dynactin plays a previously undescribed regulatory role in the spindle assembly checkpoint by recruiting Plk1 to kinetochores and facilitating phosphorylation of important downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Yeh
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna K Kowalska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brett R Scipioni
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Meiying Zheng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Urszula Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zygmunt S Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Trina A Schroer
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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