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Wang C, Li L, Jiang J, Li L, Li J, Xu C, Jin S, Zhu L, Yan G. Pterostilbene Inhibits FcεRI Signaling through Activation of the LKB1/AMPK Pathway in Allergic Response. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3456-3465. [PMID: 32096633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the role and mechanism of pterostilbene (Pts) in mast cell degranulation in vitro and in vivo were investigated. The results showed that Pts inhibited mast cell-mediated local passive allergic reactions in mice. In addition, treatment with Pts reduced both histamine release and calcium influx in rat peritoneal mast cells and RBL-2H3 cells and reduced IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying Pts inhibition of mast cell signaling was probed via studying the effects of Pts on liver kinase B1 (LKB1), including the use of the LKB1 activator metformin and siRNA knockdown of LKB1. The data showed that Pts reduced the release of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, leukotriene C4, and prostaglandin D2 in mast cells by activating the LKB1/adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Furthermore, Pts inhibited phosphorylation of FcεRI and FcεRI-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. These effects were attenuated after LKB1 knockdown. Taken together, Pts could inhibit FcεRI signaling through activation of the LKB1/AMPK signaling pathway in IgE-mediated mast cell activation. Thus, Pts might be an effective therapeutic agent for mast cell-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Liangchang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Jingzhi Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jin
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
| | - Guanghai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, P. R. China
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Anaphylactic Disease, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, P. R. China
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Rozenberg K, Wollman A, Ben-Shachar M, Argaev-Frenkel L, Rosenzweig T. Anti-inflammatory effects of Sarcopoterium spinosum extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112391. [PMID: 31730890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sarcopoterium spinosum is a Mediterranean plant, widely used by the Beduin traditional medicine. While its major use is for the treatment of diabetes, there are also documentations for its use as anti-inflammatory agent. This therapeutic potential of Sarcopoterium spinosum was not validated before. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of Sarcopoterium spinosum extract (SSE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiments were performed on RAW264.7 macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and the effect of SSE on markers of inflammation was investigated. In addition, the effect of SSE on the development of inflammation in adipose-tissue of obese, insulin resistant mice was measured in KK-Ay mice and high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and SSE increased the viability of RAW264.7. In addition, the cells acquired distinct dendritic-like morphology, however, while LPS induced NO production and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, SSE increased the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory genes and blocked LPS effects. All three pathways of MAPK were activated by LPS and SSE, as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK. NFκB was activated and Akt was phosphorylated by LPS, while SSE blocked this effects. STAT proteins were differently phosphorylated by SSE and LPS. Immunomodulatory effects of SSE were also found in BMDM. In adipose tissue of SSE-treated mice, less crown-like structures were found, and lower expression of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines was observed, although adipocytes hypertrophy was not affected. CONCLUSIONS SSE has an immunomodulatory effects that affect macrophage function, and reduces adipose tissue inflammation. Identifying active component and clarifying its mechanism of action might support the development of new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Rozenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Ayala Wollman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Michaella Ben-Shachar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Lital Argaev-Frenkel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Tovit Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel; Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
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Ferraz CR, Carvalho TT, Manchope MF, Artero NA, Rasquel-Oliveira FS, Fattori V, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Therapeutic Potential of Flavonoids in Pain and Inflammation: Mechanisms of Action, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Data, and Pharmaceutical Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E762. [PMID: 32050623 PMCID: PMC7037709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological pain can be initiated after inflammation and/or peripheral nerve injury. It is a consequence of the pathological functioning of the nervous system rather than only a symptom. In fact, pain is a significant social, health, and economic burden worldwide. Flavonoids are plant derivative compounds easily found in several fruits and vegetables and consumed in the daily food intake. Flavonoids vary in terms of classes, and while structurally unique, they share a basic structure formed by three rings, known as the flavan nucleus. Structural differences can be found in the pattern of substitution in one of these rings. The hydroxyl group (-OH) position in one of the rings determines the mechanisms of action of the flavonoids and reveals a complex multifunctional activity. Flavonoids have been widely used for their antioxidant, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects along with safe preclinical and clinical profiles. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical evidence on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory proprieties of flavonoids. We also focus on how the development of formulations containing flavonoids, along with the understanding of their structure-activity relationship, can be harnessed to identify novel flavonoid-based therapies to treat pathological pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R. Ferraz
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Marília F. Manchope
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Nayara A. Artero
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Fernanda S. Rasquel-Oliveira
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Departament of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Departament of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, Londrina State University, 86057–970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; (C.R.F.); (T.T.C.); (M.F.M.); (N.A.A.); (F.S.R.-O.); (V.F.)
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Perdicaro DJ, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Gambarte Tudela J, Miatello RM, Oteiza PI, Vazquez Prieto MA. Quercetin attenuates adipose hypertrophy, in part through activation of adipogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108352. [PMID: 32145471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An impaired capacity of adipose tissue expansion leads to adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) under positive energy balance. We previously showed that a grape pomace extract, rich in flavonoids including quercetin (Q), attenuates adipose hypertrophy. This study investigated whether dietary Q supplementation promotes adipogenesis in the epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) of rats consuming a high-fat diet, characterizing key adipogenic regulators in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Consumption of a high-fat diet for 6 weeks caused IR, increased plasma TNFα concentrations, eWAT weight, adipocyte size and the eWAT/brown adipose tissue (BAT) ratio. These changes were accompanied by decreased levels of proteins involved in angiogenesis, VEGF-A and its receptor 2 (VEGF-R2), and of two central adipogenic regulators, i.e. PPARγ and C/EBPα, and proteins involved in mature adipocyte formation, i.e. fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adiponectin. Q significantly reduced adipocyte size and enhanced angiogenesis and adipogenesis without changes in eWAT weight and attenuated systemic IR and inflammation. In addition, high-fat diet consumption increased eWAT hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels and those of proteins involved in adipose inflammation (TLR-4, CD68, MCP-1, JNK) and activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, i.e. ATF-6 and XBP-1. Q mitigated all these events. Q and quercetin 3-glucoronide prevented TNFα-mediated downregulation of adipogenesis during 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes early differentiation. Together, Q capacity to promote a healthy adipose expansion enhancing angiogenesis and adipogenesis may contribute to reduced adipose hypertrophy, inflammation and IR. Consumption of diets rich in Q could be useful to counteract the adverse effects of high-fat diet-induced adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diahann J Perdicaro
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez Lanzi
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | | | - Roberto M Miatello
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Departments of Nutrition and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Marcela A Vazquez Prieto
- Laboratorio de Nutrición y Fisiopatología de la Obesidad, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
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105
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Sato S, Norikura T, Mukai Y, Yamaoka S, Mikame K. Lignin-derived low-molecular-weight oxidized lignophenol stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase and suppresses renal inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in high fat diet-fed mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 318:108977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Lin Y, Yang N, Bao B, Wang L, Chen J, Liu J. Luteolin reduces fat storage inCaenorhabditis elegansby promoting the central serotonin pathway. Food Funct 2020; 11:730-740. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Luteolin promotes central serotonin signaling to induce fat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Nan Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Bin Bao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering
- Hefei University of Technology
- Hefei
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process
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107
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Yuasa M, Akao Y, Kawabeta K, Morikawa M, Iwami M, Tominaga M. Antioxidant Activities and Taste Qualities of Fresh Onions Produced in Minamishimabara City, Nagasaki, Japan. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yuasa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
| | | | - Koji Kawabeta
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
| | - Maho Morikawa
- Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki
| | - Momoe Iwami
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki
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108
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The Potential Synergistic Modulation of AMPK by Lippia citriodora Compounds as a Target in Metabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122961. [PMID: 31817196 PMCID: PMC6950112 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lippia citriodora (LC) represents a complex plant-derived source of polyphenols and iridoids that has shown beneficial properties against obesity-related metabolic disorders. The complete extract and its major compound, verbascoside, have shown AMPK-activating capacity in cell and animal models. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of the different compounds present in the LC extract on the AMPK activation capacity of the whole extract. Semipreparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS) was used to identify the major compounds with bioassay-guided fractionation in an adipocyte cell model for the measurement of AMPK activity. Twenty-two compounds were identified and purified almost to homogeneity in 16 fractions, and three compounds, namely verbascoside, luteolin-7-diglucuronide and loganic acid, showed the highest AMPK-activating capacity. The synergy study using the checkerboard and fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) methods exhibited synergistic behavior between loganic acid and luteolin-7-diglucuronide. Molecular docking experiments revealed that these three compounds might act as direct agonists of AMPK, binding to the AMP binding sites of the gamma subunit and/or the different sites of the interaction zones between the gamma and beta subunits. Although our findings conclude that the bioactivity of the extract is mainly due to verbascoside, the synergy found between loganic acid and luteolin-7-diglucuronide deserves further research aimed to develop optimized combinations of polyphenols as a new nutritional strategy against obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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109
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Davoodvandi A, Sahebnasagh R, Mardanshah O, Asemi Z, Nejati M, Shahrzad MK, Mirzaei HR, Mirzaei H. Medicinal Plants As Natural Polarizers of Macrophages: Phytochemicals and Pharmacological Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3225-3238. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190829154934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are one of the crucial mediators of the immune response in different physiological and
pathological conditions. These cells have critical functions in the inflammation mechanisms that are involved in
the inhibition or progression of a wide range of diseases including cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc. It has been
shown that macrophages are generally divided into two subtypes, M1 and M2, which are distinguished on the
basis of their different gene expression patterns and phenotype. M1 macrophages are known as pro-inflammatory
cells and are involved in inflammatory mechanisms, whereas M2 macrophages are known as anti-inflammatory
cells that are involved in the inhibition of the inflammatory pathways. M2 macrophages help in tissue healing via
producing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Increasing evidence indicated that the appearance of different macrophage
subtypes is associated with the fate of diseases (progression versus suppression). Hence, polarization of
macrophages can be introduced as an important venue in finding, designing and developing novel therapeutic
approaches. Albeit, there are different pharmacological agents that are used for the treatment of various disorders,
it has been shown that several natural compounds have the potential to regulate M1 to M2 macrophage polarization
and vice versa. Herein, for the first time, we summarized new insights into the pharmacological effects of
natural compounds on macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Davoodvandi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Roxana Sahebnasagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Mardanshah
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Sirjan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Majid Nejati
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad K. Shahrzad
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid R. Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Quercetin and Its Derivatives: Its Role in the Therapy of Cognitive Impairment. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111789. [PMID: 31717708 PMCID: PMC6912580 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QC) is a flavonoid and crucial bioactive compound found in a variety of vegetables and fruits. In preclinical studies, QC has demonstrated broad activity against several diseases and disorders. According to recent investigations, QC is a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of nervous system illnesses because of its protective role against oxidative damage and neuroinflammation. QC acts on several molecular signals, including ion channels, neuroreceptors, and inflammatory receptor signaling, and it also regulates neurotrophic and anti-oxidative signaling molecules. While the study of QC in neurological disorders has focused on numerous target molecules, the role of QC on certain molecular targets such as G-protein coupled and nuclear receptors remains to be investigated. Our analysis presents several molecular targets of QC and its derivatives that demonstrate the pharmacological potential against cognitive impairment. Consequently, this article may guide future studies using QC and its analogs on specific signaling molecules. Finding new molecular targets of QC and its analogs may ultimately assist in the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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111
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Mendes LF, Gaspar VM, Conde TA, Mano JF, Duarte IF. Flavonoid-mediated immunomodulation of human macrophages involves key metabolites and metabolic pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14906. [PMID: 31624286 PMCID: PMC6797761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of flavonoids to attenuate macrophage pro-inflammatory activity and to promote macrophage-mediated resolution of inflammation is still poorly understood at the biochemical level. In this study, we have employed NMR metabolomics to assess how therapeutically promising flavonoids (quercetin, naringenin and naringin) affect the metabolism of human macrophages, with a view to better understand their biological targets and activity. In vitro-cultured human macrophages were polarized to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, through incubation with LPS + IFN-γ, and subsequently treated with each flavonoid. The metabolic signatures of pro-inflammatory polarization and of flavonoid incubations were then characterized and compared. The results showed that all flavonoids modulated the cells endometabolome with the strongest impact being observed for quercetin. Many of the flavonoid-induced metabolic variations were in the opposite sense to those elicited by pro-inflammatory stimulation. In particular, the metabolic processes proposed to reflect flavonoid-mediated immunomodulation of macrophages included the downregulation of glycolytic activity, observed for all flavonoids, anti-inflammatory reprogramming of the TCA cycle (mainly quercetin), increased antioxidant protection (quercetin), osmoregulation (naringin), and membrane modification (naringenin). This work revealed key metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in macrophage responses to quercetin, naringenin and naringin, providing novel insights into their immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Mendes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago A Conde
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Iola F Duarte
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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He J, Wang H, Vijg J. New Insights into Bioactive Compounds of Traditional Chinese Medicines for Insulin Resistance Based on Signaling Pathways. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900176. [PMID: 31368177 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a serious metabolic disease as a long-term threat to human health. Insulin resistance is not only the basis and major feature of type 2 diabetes, but also the main etiology of diseases such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. It has been shown that Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, through attenuating insulin resistance, whereas the mechanism involved is not yet well understood. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of these bioactive compounds so that one can pave the way for the modernization of TCMs. In this review, we focus on the recent progresses of some bioactive ingredients from TCMs with different functional groups, which exhibit therapeutic potential for the treatment of diabetic insulin resistance. It is expected that this review can provide new references for developing TCM-derived drugs against diabetes and insulin resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian He
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Jan Vijg
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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113
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Sun YS, Qu W. Dietary Apigenin promotes lipid catabolism, thermogenesis, and browning in adipose tissues of HFD-Fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 133:110780. [PMID: 31449894 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dietary Apigenin (AP), a natural flavonoid from plants, could alleviate high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity and its complication. Nonetheless, the direct correlation between dietary AP and their effects in adipose tissues remained unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed with low-fat diet, HFD with or without 0.04% (w/w) AP for 12 weeks. Dietary AP ameliorated HFD induced body weight gain, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Energy expenditure was increased with no influence on energy intake, which indicated us that AP prevented obesity by enhancing energy export. Interestingly, AP activated lipolysis (ATGL/FOXO1/SIRT1) without higher cycling free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs were consumed by the upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (AMPK/ACC), thermogenesis, and browning (UCP-1, PGC-1α). Additionally, adipose tissue metabolic inflammation (NF-кB, MAPK) was also reduced by AP. Our study proposed that dietary AP could be explored as a new dietary strategy to combat obesity and related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
| | - Wei Qu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, PR China.
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114
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Jiang H, Yoshioka Y, Yuan S, Horiuchi Y, Yamashita Y, Croft KD, Ashida H. Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin promotes energy metabolism through activating AMPKα in male C57BL/6 mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5188-5202. [PMID: 31380532 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01008d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin possesses various health beneficial functions, but its poor bioavailability limits these functions. Enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) is a quercetin glycoside with a greater bioavailability than quercetin. In this study, we investigated whether EMIQ regulates energy metabolism in mice and its underlying molecular mechanism. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet with different doses of EMIQ or quercetin (0.02%, 0.1% and 0.5%) for two weeks. Supplementation with 0.1% EMIQ significantly decreased white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. Supplementation with 0.02% and 0.1% EMIQ promoted phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the WAT, liver, and muscle. In the WAT, 0.1% EMIQ downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α, C/EBPβ, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 expression, as well as upregulated mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) 2 and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 expression. Supplementation with 0.1% EMIQ also promoted the expression of thermogenesis-associated factors including PPARγ coactivator α (PGC-1α), UCP1, PR-domain containing protein 16, and sirtuin 1 in the WAT. In the liver, EMIQ promoted the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and increased the expression of PPARα, constitutive androstane-receptor, and farnesoid X receptor. Furthermore, supplementation with 0.02% or 0.1% EMIQ suppressed the plasma glucose level accompanied by the translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane of the muscle. Our results suggest that EMIQ is a potential food additive for the regulation of energy metabolism through AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.
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Zhang X, Li X, Fang H, Guo F, Li F, Chen A, Huang S. Flavonoids as inducers of white adipose tissue browning and thermogenesis: signalling pathways and molecular triggers. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:47. [PMID: 31346342 PMCID: PMC6637576 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoids are a class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites and are the most common group of polyphenolic compounds in the human diet. In recent studies, flavonoids have been shown to induce browning of white adipocytes, increase energy consumption, inhibit high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and improve metabolic status. Promoting the activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) browning are promising means to increase energy expenditure and improve glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in the knowledge of flavonoid compounds and their metabolites. Methods We searched the following databases for all research related to flavonoids and WAT browning published through March 2019: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Web of Science. All included studies are summarized and listed in Table 1. Result We summarized the effects of flavonoids on fat metabolism and the specific underlying mechanisms in sub-categories. Flavonoids activated the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), promoted the release of adrenaline and thyroid hormones to increase thermogenesis and induced WAT browning through the AMPK-PGC-1α/Sirt1 and PPAR signalling pathways. Flavonoids may also promote brown preadipocyte differentiation, inhibit apoptosis and produce inflammatory factors in BAT. Conclusion Flavonoids induced WAT browning and activated BAT to increase energy consumption and non-shivering thermogenesis, thus inhibiting weight gain and preventing metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First People's Hospital of Yichang, No.4 Hudi Street, Yichang, 443000 Hubei Province China
| | - Xin Li
- 2Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 Hubei Province China
| | - Huang Fang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Fengjin Guo
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Feng Li
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Anmin Chen
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
| | - Shilong Huang
- 3Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei Province China
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Spaulding HR, Quindry T, Hammer K, Quindry JC, Selsby JT. Nutraceutical and pharmaceutical cocktails did not improve muscle function or reduce histological damage in D2-mdx mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1058-1066. [PMID: 31295065 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive muscle injury and weakness are hallmarks of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We showed previously that quercetin (Q) partially protected dystrophic limb muscles from disease-related injury. As quercetin activates PGC-1α through Sirtuin-1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, the depleted NAD+ in dystrophic skeletal muscle may limit quercetin efficacy; hence, supplementation with the NAD+ donor, nicotinamide riboside (NR), may facilitate quercetin efficacy. Lisinopril (Lis) protects skeletal muscle and improves cardiac function in dystrophin-deficient mice; therefore, it was included in this study to evaluate the effects of lisinopril used with quercetin and NR. Our purpose was to determine the extent to which Q, NR, and Lis decreased dystrophic injury. We hypothesized that Q, NR, or Lis alone would improve muscle function and decrease histological injury and when used in combination would have additive effects. Muscle function of 11-mo-old DBA (healthy), D2-mdx (dystrophin-deficient), and D2-mdx mice was assessed after treatment with Q, NR, and/or Lis for 7 mo. To mimic typical pharmacology of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a group was treated with prednisolone (Pred) in combination with Q, NR, and Lis. At 11 mo of age, dystrophin deficiency decreased specific tension and tetanic force in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles and was not corrected by any treatment. Dystrophic muscle was more sensitive to contraction-induced injury, which was partially offset in the QNRLisPred group, whereas fatigue was similar between all groups. Treatments did not decrease histological damage. These data suggest that treatment with Q, NR, Lis, and Pred failed to adequately maintain dystrophic limb muscle function or decrease histological damage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite a compelling rationale and previous evidence to the contrary in short-term investigations, quercetin, nicotinamide riboside, or Lisinopril, alone or in combination, failed to restore muscle function or decrease histological injury in dystrophic limb muscle from D2-mdx mice after long-term administration. Importantly, we also found that in the D2-mdx model, an emerging and relatively understudied model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy dystrophin deficiency caused profound muscle dysfunction and histopathology in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiffany Quindry
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kayleen Hammer
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - John C Quindry
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Joshua T Selsby
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Martin ME, Millan-Linares MC, Naranjo MC, Toscano R, Abia R, Muriana FJG, Bermudez B, Montserrat-de la Paz S. Minor compounds from virgin olive oil attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via visfatin-related gene modulation on primary human monocytes. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12941. [PMID: 31368572 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have analyzed the effects of minor compounds found in the unsaponifiable fraction (UF) and in the phenolic fraction (PF) of virgin olive oil (VOO) on LPS-induced inflammatory response via visfatin modulation in human monocytes. For this purpose, monocytes were incubated with UF and PF at different concentrations and the pro-inflammatory stimulus LPS for 24 hr; squalene (SQ) and hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), the main components in UF and PF, respectively, were also used. The relative expression of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, as well as other genes related to the NAD+-biosynthetic pathway was evaluated by RT-qPCR; and the secretion of some of these markers was assessed by ELISA procedures. We found that UF, SQ, PF, and HTyr prevented from LPS-induced dysfunctional gene expression and secretion via visfatin-related gene modulation in human monocytes. These findings unveil a potential beneficial role for minor compounds of VOO in the prevention of inflammatory-disorders. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: In this project, potential health benefits of VOO micronutrients (unsaponifiable and phenolic compounds) were confirmed through anti-inflammatory assays. Our results reveal new interesting researching goals concerning nutrition by considering the role of bioactive VOO compounds in the prevention and progress of diseases related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Martin
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Millan-Linares
- Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Rocío Toscano
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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Tang J, Lu L, Liu Y, Ma J, Yang L, Li L, Guo H, Yu S, Ren J, Bai H, Yang J. Quercetin improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo study via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:9747-9757. [PMID: 30656723 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of quercetin to improve ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo study. METHODS The cells were divided into five groups: model control (MC) group was ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model group; DL group was treated with 25 mL/L quercetin based on MC group; DM group was treated with 50 ml/L quercetin based on MC group; DH group was treated with 100 mL/L quercetin based on MC group; Meto group was treated with metoprolol based on MC group. In the in vivo study, the rats were divided into five groups: MC group was I/R model group; DL group was treated with 25 mg/kg quercetin; DM group was treated with 50 mg/kg quercetin; DM group was treated with 100 mg/kg quercetin; Meto group was treated with Meto as positive drug. RESULTS The cell apoptosis rates of quercetin treated groups (DL, DM, and DH groups) were significantly suppressed compared with the MC group. The silent information regulatory factor 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Bcl-2 proteins expression of quercetin treated were significantly upregulation compared with MC group (P < 0.05, respectively), and Bax protein expression of quercetin treated group was significantly downregulation compared with MC group ( P < 0.05, respectively). In the vivo study, the myocardial pathological morphology of quercetin treated groups was improved. The cell apoptosis number of quercetin treated group were significantly suppressed compared with MC group by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay ( P < 0.05, respectively). SIRT1, PGC-1a, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins expressions of quercetin treated groups were significant differences compared with MC group in myocardial tissue ( P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Quercetin had improved the myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lifang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Heping Bai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Jiang X, Yu J, Wang X, Ge J, Li N. Quercetin improves lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway in early stage diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:827-839. [PMID: 31239739 PMCID: PMC6554005 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s195456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Quercetin, the most widely distributed flavonoid, has been shown to have multiple properties and beneficial effects on various metabolic diseases. Thus, our aim was to investigate the underlying mechanism whereby quercetin regulates renal lipid accumulation and ameliorates early diabetic renal injuries in Leprdb/Leprdb (db/db) mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Methods: db/db mice were administered either 50 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg quercetin by oral gavage once a day to evaluate its effects on early stage diabetic nephropathy; mice were sacrificed at the end of the 10th week after intervention; a similar number of db/db and db/m mice were used as controls. During the experimental study, the general status of the animals was observed daily; body weight and blood glucose concentrations were measured at bi-weekly intervals. Biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Renal function parameters were performed using commercial kits. Early renal histological changes and lipid accumulation were demonstrated by H&E staining and Oil-Red-O staining, respectively. Moreover, the expression of key proteins in the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDLr)-SREBP-2-SREBP cSCAP signaling pathway in the kidneys of diabetic mice was detected by Western blot assay. Results: Compared with diabetic controls, quercetin not only ameliorated albuminuria and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, but also decreased blood urea nitrogen and glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas it had no remarkable effect on the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic db/db mice. Additionally, the evidently down regulated expression of LDLr, HMGCR, SREBP-2, and SCAP subsequently attenuated the renal lipid profile change and lipid droplet accumulation, resulting in the alleviation of renal injury of db/db mice. Conclusion: Quercetin safely and efficiently alleviates early diabetic renal injuries, possibly through improving the lipid metabolism via SCAP-SREBP2-LDLr signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
- Eodocrinology Department, KunShan Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Ge
- Eodocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- The First Clinical Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu210029, People’s Republic of China
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Carrasco-Pozo C, Cires MJ, Gotteland M. Quercetin and Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity: From Molecular to Clinical Studies. J Med Food 2019; 22:753-770. [PMID: 31084513 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic, which is characterized by the excess accumulation of adipose tissue and to an extent that impairs both the physical and psychosocial health and well-being. There are several weight-loss strategies available, including dietary modification, pharmacotherapy, and bariatric surgery, but many are ineffective or not a long-term solution. Bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants and plant extracts, like polyphenols, constitute the oldest and most extensive form of alternative treatments for the prevention and management of obesity. Their consumption is currently increasing in the population due to the high cost, potential adverse effects, and limited benefits of the currently available pharmaceutical drugs. A great number of studies has explored how dietary polyphenols can interfere with the different mechanisms associated with obesity development. They suggest that these compounds can decrease energy and food intake, lipogenesis, and preadipocyte differentiation and proliferation, while increasing energy expenditure, lipolysis, and fat oxidation. Both quercetin, one of the most common dietary flavonols in the western diet, and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, exhibit antiobesity effects in adipocyte cultures and animal models. However, the extrapolation of these potential benefits to obese humans remains unclear. Although quercetin supplementation does not seem to exert any beneficial effects on body weight, this polyphenol could prevent the obesity-associated mortality by reducing cardiovascular disease risk. An important consideration for the design of further trials is the occurrence of gene polymorphisms in key enzymes involved in flavanol metabolism, which determines a subject's sensitivity to catechins and seems, therefore, crucial for the success of the antiobesity intervention. Although the evidence supporting antiobesity effects is more consistent in EGCG than with quercetin studies, they could still be beneficial by reducing the cardiovascular risk of obese subjects, rather than inducing body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Carrasco-Pozo
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile.,2Discovery Biology, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - María Jose Cires
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile
| | - Martin Gotteland
- 1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia, Chile.,3Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lim H, Heo MY, Kim HP. Flavonoids: Broad Spectrum Agents on Chronic Inflammation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:241-253. [PMID: 31006180 PMCID: PMC6513185 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2019.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are major plant constituents with numerous biological/pharmacological actions both in vitro and in vivo. Of these actions, their anti-inflammatory action is prominent. They can regulate transcription of many proinflammatory genes such as cyclooxygenase-2/inducible nitric oxide synthase and many cytokines/chemokines. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain flavonoid derivatives can affect pathways of inflammasome activation and autophagy. Certain flavonoids can also accelerate the resolution phase of inflammation, leading to avoiding chronic inflammatory stimuli. All these pharmacological actions with newly emerging activities render flavonoids to be potential therapeutics for chronic inflammatory disorders including arthritic inflammation, meta-inflammation, and inflammaging. Recent findings of flavonoids are summarized and future perspectives are presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Young Heo
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Pyo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Zhu Y, Fan S, Lu Y, Wei Y, Tang J, Yang Y, Li F, Chen Q, Zheng J, Liu X. Quercetin confers protection of murine sepsis by inducing macrophage M2 polarization via the TRPM2 dependent calcium influx and AMPK/ATF3 activation. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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De Santa F, Vitiello L, Torcinaro A, Ferraro E. The Role of Metabolic Remodeling in Macrophage Polarization and Its Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1553-1598. [PMID: 30070144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Macrophages are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Based on their activation, they might display classical/M1 or alternative/M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). M2 macrophages upregulate arginase-1 and reduce NO and ROS levels; they also release anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and polyamines, thus promoting angiogenesis and tissue healing. Moreover, M1 and M2 display key metabolic differences; M1 polarization is characterized by an enhancement in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with a decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), whereas M2 are characterized by an efficient OxPhos and reduced PPP. Recent Advances: The glutamine-related metabolism has been discovered as crucial for M2 polarization. Vice versa, flux discontinuities in the Krebs cycle are considered additional M1 features; they lead to increased levels of immunoresponsive gene 1 and itaconic acid, to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-downregulation and to succinate, citrate, and isocitrate over-expression. Critical Issues: A macrophage classification problem, particularly in vivo, originating from a gap in the knowledge of the several intermediate polarization statuses between the M1 and M2 extremes, characterizes this field. Moreover, the detailed features of metabolic reprogramming crucial for macrophage polarization are largely unknown; in particular, the role of β-oxidation is highly controversial. Future Directions: Manipulating the metabolism to redirect macrophage polarization might be useful in various pathologies, including an efficient skeletal muscle regeneration. Unraveling the complexity pertaining to metabolic signatures that are specific for the different macrophage subsets is crucial for identifying new compounds that are able to trigger macrophage polarization and that might be used for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Sudhakaran M, Sardesai S, Doseff AI. Flavonoids: New Frontier for Immuno-Regulation and Breast Cancer Control. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E103. [PMID: 30995775 PMCID: PMC6523469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women in the US, despite advances in detection and treatment. In addition, breast cancer survivors often struggle with long-term treatment related comorbidities. Identifying novel therapies that are effective while minimizing toxicity is critical in curtailing this disease. Flavonoids, a subclass of plant polyphenols, are emerging as promising treatment options for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that in addition to anti-oxidant properties, flavonoids can directly interact with proteins, making them ideal small molecules for the modulation of enzymes, transcription factors and cell surface receptors. Of particular interest is the ability of flavonoids to modulate the tumor associated macrophage function. However, clinical applications of flavonoids in cancer trials are limited. Epidemiological and smaller clinical studies have been largely hypothesis generating. Future research should aim at addressing known challenges with a broader use of preclinical models and investigating enhanced dose-delivery systems that can overcome limited bioavailability of dietary flavonoids. In this review, we discuss the structure-functional impact of flavonoids and their action on breast tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment, with an emphasis on their clinical role in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sudhakaran
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Physiology Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Gonçalves GA, Resende NS, Carvalho EE, de Resende JV, de B Vilas Boas EV. Effect of Processing and Frozen Storage on the Phenolic Profile, Bioative Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Enzymatic Activity of Mangaba Pulp. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401313666171004144858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Backgound: The mangaba, an exotic fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado, has high nutritional and
bioactive value, but processing can induce changes to these characteristics.
</P><P>
Objective: Evaluate the stability of the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and enzymatic capacity
of mangaba pulp subjected to pasteurization, freezing methods, and prolonged storage.
</P><P>
Method: The pulps were submitted to two levels of pasteurization (unpasteurized and pasteurized),
two freezing methods (static air and forced air), and five frozen storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12
months). The vitamin C, carotenoids, total phenolics, profile of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity,
and enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were analyzed in the fruit and pulps.
</P><P>
Results: The fruit showed a high vitamin C and total phenolics content and a high antioxidant capacity,
including chlorogenic acid and routine predominant phenolics. The forced air freezing method is
more efficient in vitamin C retention, and pasteurization favors higher retention of total phenolics and
antioxidant capacity, as well as lower enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. Frozen
storage for up to six months retains most of the individual phenolics, with (+) - catechin and transcinnamic
acid being the most stable.
</P><P>
Conclusion: Mangaba pulp is a good source of bioactive compounds and has good antioxidant capacity,
even after one year of frozen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilma A.S. Gonçalves
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Southeast - MG, Barbacena Campus, Barbacena, MG, Brazil
| | - Nathane S. Resende
- Food Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, University Campus, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime V. de Resende
- Food Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, University Campus, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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126
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Feng K, Chen Z, Pengcheng L, Zhang S, Wang X. Quercetin attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via SIRT1/AMPK-mediated inhibition of ER stress in rat chondrocytes and prevents the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18192-18205. [PMID: 30854676 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of chondrocytes are the main initiator of osteoarthritis (OA) and can be explained by oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, thus the pharmacological interventions aimed at inhibiting of these pathways may be a promising approach for the management of OA. Quercetin is a member of the flavonoid family and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in degenerative diseases. However, its effects and potential mechanisms on the pathological process of OA are not very clear. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of quercetin on OA and the underlying mechanisms. The tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-stimulated rat chondrocytes and destabilization of the medial meniscus OA rat model was used to explore the protective effects of quercetin. Our results showed that quercetin treatment can attenuate oxidative stress, ER stress, and associated apoptosis. Moreover, quercetin inhibited ER stress through activating the sirtuin1/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (SIRT1/AMPK) signaling pathway. The protective effects of quercetin were also observed in OA rat model which is evidenced by abolished cartilage degeneration and decreased chondrocytes apoptosis in the knee joints. Our results suggested that quercetin is a promising treatment for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Pengcheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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127
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Sánchez M, Romero M, Gómez-Guzmán M, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J. Cardiovascular Effects of Flavonoids. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6991-7034. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181220094721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
:
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the major cause of death worldwide, especially in Western
society. Flavonoids are a large group of polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in plants, present
in a considerable amount in fruit and vegetable. Several epidemiological studies found an inverse association
between flavonoids intake and mortality by CVD. The antioxidant effect of flavonoids was
considered the main mechanism of action of flavonoids and other polyphenols. In recent years, the role
of modulation of signaling pathways by direct interaction of flavonoids with multiple protein targets,
namely kinases, has been increasingly recognized and involved in their cardiovascular protective effect.
There are strong evidence, in in vitro and animal experimental models, that some flavonoids induce
vasodilator effects, improve endothelial dysfunction and insulin resistance, exert platelet antiaggregant
and atheroprotective effects, and reduce blood pressure. Despite interacting with multiple targets, flavonoids
are surprisingly safe. This article reviews the recent evidence about cardiovascular effects that
support a beneficial role of flavonoids on CVD and the potential molecular targets involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez-Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
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128
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Sato S, Norikura T, Mukai Y. Maternal quercetin intake during lactation attenuates renal inflammation and modulates autophagy flux in high-fructose-diet-fed female rat offspring exposed to maternal malnutrition. Food Funct 2019; 10:5018-5031. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01134j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin intake during lactation causes long-term alterations in inflammation and autophagy flux in the kidneys of high-fructose-diet-fed adult female offspring exposed to maternal normal- or low-protein diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Sato
- Department of Nutrition
- Aomori University of Health and Welfare
- Aomori 030-8505
- Japan
| | - Toshio Norikura
- Department of Nutrition
- Aomori University of Health and Welfare
- Aomori 030-8505
- Japan
| | - Yuuka Mukai
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics
- Faculty of Health and Social Work
- Kanagawa University of Human Services
- Kanagawa 238-8522
- Japan
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129
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Liberale L, Bonaventura A, Montecucco F, Dallegri F, Carbone F. Impact of Red Wine Consumption on Cardiovascular Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3542-3566. [PMID: 28521683 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170518100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The devastating effects of heavy alcohol drinking have been long time recognized. In the last decades, potential benefits of modest red wine drinking were suggested. In European countries in which red wide intake is not negligible (such as France), the association between cholesterol and cardiovascular (CV) risk was less evident, suggesting the action of some protective molecules in red wine or other foods and drinks. METHODS This narrative review is based on the material searched for and obtained via PubMed up to May 2016. The search terms we used were: "red wine, cardiovascular, alcohol" in combination with "polyphenols, heart failure, infarction". RESULTS Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence of a J-shaped relationship between red wine intake and CV risk further supported the "French paradox". Specific components of red wine both in vitro and in animal models were discovered. Polyphenols and especially resveratrol largely contribute to CV prevention mainly through antioxidant properties. They exert beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic diseases, thus reducing the risk of adverse CV events such as myocardial infarction ischemic stroke and heart failure. Of interest, recent studies pointed out the role of ethanol itself as a potential cardioprotective agent, but a clear epidemiological evidence is still missing. The aim of this narrative review is to update current knowledge on the intracellular mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effects of polyphenols and ethanol. Furthermore, we summarized the results of epidemiological studies, emphasizing their methodological criticisms and the need for randomized clinical trials able to clarify the potential role of red wine consumption in reducing CV risk. CONCLUSION Caution in avowing underestimation of the global burden of alcohol-related diseases was particularly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Liberale
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldo Bonaventura
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, 9 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, 10 Largo Benzi, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, 6 viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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130
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Tran VC, Cho SY, Kwon J, Kim D. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) improves immuno-metabolic systems by inhibiting STOML2 overexpression in high-fat-diet-induced obese zebrafish. Food Funct 2019; 10:4636-4648. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00982e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AOS improves immuno-metabolism systems in high-fat-died-induced obese zebrafish by regulating STOML2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Cuong Tran
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science and Post-harvest Technology
| | - Se-Young Cho
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kwon
- Biological Disaster Analysis Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Duwoon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- Chonnam National University
- Gwangju
- Republic of Korea
- Foodborne Virus Research Center
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131
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Arika W, Kibiti CM, Njagi JM, Ngugi MP. In Vitro Antioxidant Properties of Dichloromethanolic Leaf Extract of Gnidia glauca (Fresen) as a Promising Antiobesity Drug. J Evid Based Integr Med 2019; 24:2515690X19883258. [PMID: 31766874 PMCID: PMC6880035 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x19883258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of ethnobotanical information from traditional practitioners remains an empirical aspect of understanding the ethnopharmacology research. However, integration of information on chemical composition of plant extracts and their pharmacological activities forms a key resource for synthesis of new and effective therapeutics. In traditional African medicine, Gnidia glauca has folkloric remedies against obesity and its associated oxidative stress-mediated complications. However, the upsurge in its use has not been accompanied with scientific validations to support these claims. The present study aimed to determine the antioxidant potential of G glauca as a promising antiobesity agent. The antioxidant effects of the extract were assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and superoxide radicals as well as lipid peroxidation, iron-chelating effect, and ferric-reducing power. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography linked to mass spectrophotometry. The results revealed that G glauca exhibited scavenging activities against all radicals formed. Besides, the extract showed iron chelation and ferric reducing abilities. The extract indicated a lower half maximal inhibitory concentration value than the standards used. For instance, the extract inhibited 50% of the formation of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine at the concentration of 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL relative to 1.39 ± 0.06 mg/mL of the standard, vitamin C at 1% confidence limit. Similarly, the extract scavenged 50% of hydroxyl radical at 204.34 ± 10.64 μg/mL relative to 210.05 ± 8.80 μg/mL of gallic acid. The extract also contained various phytochemicals that have been associated with antiobesity effects. The synergistic effects of these phytocompounds increase their bioavailability and action on multiple molecular targets thereby correcting obesity-induced oxidative stress.
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132
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Kwak CS, Kim MJ, Kim SG, Park S, Kim IG, Kang HS. Antioxidant and antiobesity activities of oral treatment with ethanol extract from sprout of evening primrose (Oenothera laciniata) in high fat diet-induced obese mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chung Shil Kwak
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | | | | | - In Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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133
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Chen L, Gao B, Zhang Y, Lu H, Li X, Pan L, Yin L, Zhi X. PAR2 promotes M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation via FOXO1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9799-9809. [PMID: 30552714 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages polarization plays essential but different roles in most diseases such as atherosclerosis, adipose tissue inflammation, and insulin resistance. Our previous study revealed that protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G-protein coupled receptor influenced macrophage function, but little is known regarding the regulation of macrophage polarization process and its potential mechanisms. In the present study, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from C57/BL6 mice and cultured with L929-conditional medium and murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 were used to study the function of PAR2 activation in vitro. BMDM was stimulated by the small molecular PAR2 agonist, 2-furoyl-LIGRLO-amide trifluoroacetate salt, followed by transcription factor microarray to screen the significantly activated signaling pathways under PAR2 activation. Western blot analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of targeted genes and transcription factors. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the subcellular distribution of transcription factors. Our results demonstrated that M1-like polarization was presented by PAR2 agonist treatment with significant upregulation of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α in BMDM and RAW264.7. Microarray identified forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) was significantly increased under PAR2 agonist stimulation, which was confirmed by qPCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence demonstrated that increased FOXO1 accumulated in the nucleus, which is necessary to promote transcription for targeted genes. We further knocked down FOXO1 expression using small interfering RNA, which alleviated PAR2-induced proinflammatory gene expression. The PAR2/FOXO1 pathway mediated stimulation of proinflammatory genes was further confirmed by tryptase, an endogenous ligand of PAR2. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PAR2 activation-induced M1 polarization and inflammation through the FOXO1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beiyao Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Lu
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Luanfeng Pan
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianhua Yin
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Zhi
- Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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134
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Latifi E, Mohammadpour AA, H BF, Nourani H. Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of ethanolic Ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 110:197-202. [PMID: 30471513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity of ethanolic ferula assa-foetida oleo-gum-resin extract (FAOGRETE) and also its effects on liver and kidney function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. For this purpose, 42 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n = 7). Diabetes was induced in four groups by a single-dose of STZ at 55 mg/kg body weight, administrated intraperitoneal. After 42 days of treatment, fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels, serum insulin, biochemical parameters such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured. In addition the markers of liver and kidney function, such as glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine and urea levels were determined. The study showed that the ethanolic extract at 150 mg/kg body weight (b.w) had a significant antidiabetic activity after 42 days of treatment as the FBS levels decreased significantly while the serum insulin levels increased. Moreover, a significant decrease in the liver and kidney function markers in treated rats indicated the protective effect of the ethanolic extract against liver and kidney damage, while body weight increased. The serum concentrations were normal in normal control and healthy group treated with FAOGRETE. The results of this study showed that FAOGRETE can regulate hyperglycemia and complications of diabetes. Antidiabetic and hypolipidimic activities of FAOGRETE are probably related to its antioxidant activity. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds like ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and quercetin may play an important role in its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Latifi
- PhD student, Department of Basic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Behrooz Fathi H
- Associated professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Nourani
- Associated professor, Department of Pathobiology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran
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135
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Silvester AJ, Aseer KR, Yun JW. Dietary polyphenols and their roles in fat browning. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:1-12. [PMID: 30414469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of the presence of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in newborn babies and adult humans, especially constitutively active brown fat or inducible beige fat, has led to the investigation of strategies employing BAT aimed at the development of novel therapeutic avenues for combating obesity and diabetes. Such antiobesity therapeutic tools include pharmaceutical and nutraceutical dietary polyphenols. Although there have been emerging notable advances in knowledge of and an increased amount of research related to brown and beige adipocyte developmental lineages and transcriptional regulators, current knowledge regarding whether and how food factors and environmental modifiers of BAT influence thermogenesis has not been extensively investigated. Therefore, in this review, we summarized recent updates on the exploration of dietary polyphenols while paying attention to the activation of BAT and thermogenesis. Specifically, we summarized findings pertaining to BAT metabolism, white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and thermogenic function of polyphenols (e.g., flavan-3-ols, green tea catechins, resveratrol, capsaicin/capsinoids, curcumin, thymol, chrysin, quercetin and berberine) that may foster a relatively safe and effective therapeutic option to improve metabolic health. We also deciphered the underlying proposed mechanisms through which these dietary polyphenols facilitate BAT activity and WAT browning. Characterization of thermogenic dietary factors may offer novel insight enabling revision of nutritional intervention strategies aimed at obesity and diabetes prevention and management. Moreover, identification of polyphenolic dietary factors among plant-derived natural compounds may provide information that facilitates nutritional intervention strategies against obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanikkai Raja Aseer
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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136
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Qi XY, Qu SL, Xiong WH, Rom O, Chang L, Jiang ZS. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in atherosclerosis: a double-edged sword. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:134. [PMID: 30305178 PMCID: PMC6180425 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating vascular homeostasis and affecting the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Although PVAT characteristics resemble both brown and white adipose tissues, recent evidence suggests that PVAT develops from its own distinct precursors implying a closer link between PVAT and vascular system. Under physiological conditions, PVAT has potent anti-atherogenic properties mediated by its ability to secrete various biologically active factors that induce non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolize fatty acids. In contrast, under pathological conditions (mainly obesity), PVAT becomes dysfunctional, loses its thermogenic capacity and secretes pro-inflammatory adipokines that induce endothelial dysfunction and infiltration of inflammatory cells, promoting atherosclerosis development. Since PVAT plays crucial roles in regulating key steps of atherosclerosis development, it may constitute a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. Here, we review the current literature regarding the roles of PVAT in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Qi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Wen-Hao Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Oren Rom
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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137
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Xu C, Li XF, Shi HJ, Liu J, Zhang L, Liu WB. AMP-activated protein kinase α1 in Megalobrama amblycephala: Molecular characterization and the transcriptional modulation by nutrient restriction and glucose and insulin loadings. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 267:66-75. [PMID: 29852163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the full-length cDNA of AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPKα1) from Megalobrama amblycephala and investigate the transcriptional response of this kinase to nutrient restriction and glucose and insulin loadings. The cDNA obtained was 3545-bp long with an open reading frame of 1710 bp encoding 570 amino acids. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of conservation (80-100%) among most fish, retaining one kinase domain (KD), one auto-inhibitory domain (AID), one C-terminal domain (α-CTD), one regulatory-subunit-interacting motif (α-RIM), one serine/threonine-rich loop (ST loop), one α-hook, and several phosphorylation sites. AMPKα1 mRNA was predominantly expressed in white muscle, gill, and brain tissues, whereas little was expressed in the intestines. After a fasting-refeeding trial, phosphorylation and mRNA levels of AMPKα1 were significantly greater in fish fasted for 10 days, while in re-fed fish at 1 h after re-feeding, the levels of this kinase were intermediate between those of the fish in the fed and fasted groups. Further, AMPKα1 mRNA levels were quantified in the liver and muscle tissues of fish injected intraperitoneally with 1.67 g glucose per kg body weight and 0.052 mg insulin per kg body weight, respectively. Glucose and insulin administration resulted in a significant decrease in AMPKα1 expression in both tissues with minimum values attained at 2 h and 4 h after injection, respectively. Thereafter, the expression increased significantly to the basal value at 24 h after injection, except in the liver in which the maximum value was obtained at 12 h post-glucose injection. Overall, AMPKα1 of M. amblycephala was similar to that of other vertebrates, and nutrient restriction modified its phosphorylation and mRNA levels in liver and muscle tissues. Furthermore, substantial expression of this kinase was induced in both liver and muscle tissues by glucose and insulin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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138
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Li T, Gao D, Du M, Cheng X, Mao X. Casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysates inhibit PGE2 production and COX2 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells via Akt mediated NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Food Funct 2018; 9:2524-2532. [PMID: 29666854 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01989k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A casein glycomacropeptide hydrolysate (GMPH) was found to possess inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in our previous study. In the current study, the inhibitory effect and the underlying molecular mechanism of GMPH on inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were further investigated. Results showed that GMPH significantly suppressed LPS-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. GMPH reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PEG2) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. GMPH also attenuated LPS-induced phosphorylation of MAPK (c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38) and protein kinase B (Akt). Furthermore, GMPH inhibited nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation by suppressing the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, which was markedly reversed by LY294002, an Akt inhibitor. These results demonstrated that GMPH exerts anti-inflammatory functions through the inactivation of MAPK and Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages, therefore may hold potential to ameliorate inflammation-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China.
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139
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Kawasumi K, Murai T, Mizorogi T, Okada Y, Yamamoto I, Suruga K, Kadokura K, Arai T. Changes in Plasma Metabolites Concentrations in Obese Dogs Supplemented With Anti-oxidant Compound. Front Nutr 2018; 5:74. [PMID: 30246011 PMCID: PMC6137203 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discuss the effect of anti-oxidant supplement (Rv-PEM01-99, Kibun Foods, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) on changes in energy metabolism in obese dogs. 200 mg/kg/day of Rv-PEM01-99 (equivalent to 5 mg kg/day of quercetin derivative) were applied for 6 weeks to the Beagle dogs fed high fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD). In the present study, body weight (BW) decreasing effect of Rv-PEM 01-99 in obese dogs was not clear. However, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities at the end of experiment were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment in obese dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99 (paired-t test, p < 0.05). In control dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99, Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and triglycerides (TG) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment (paired-t test, p < 0.05). From these findings, Rv-PEM 01-99 seems to be not harmful for dogs. Anti-lipid peroxide effect and liver function improvement are expected in the dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Kawasumi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Tae Murai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Takayuki Mizorogi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
| | - Kohei Suruga
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Kazunari Kadokura
- Food Function R&D Division, International Operation Department, Kibun Foods Inc., Inagi, Japan
| | - Toshiro Arai
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Japan
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140
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Guo WW, Wang X, Chen XQ, Ba YY, Zhang N, Xu RR, Zhao WW, Wu X. Flavonones from Penthorum chinense Ameliorate Hepatic Steatosis by Activating the SIRT1/AMPK Pathway in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092555. [PMID: 30154382 PMCID: PMC6165420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinocembrin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (PCBG), pinocembrin (PCB), and 5-methoxy-pinocembrin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (MPG) are three flavonones isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). The effects of the three flavonones on hepatic steatosis and their molecular mechanisms in HepG2 cells were investigated in this study for the first time. A model of hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells was induced by free fatty acid (FFA), and co-treated with the three flavonones as mentioned. Intracellular lipid droplets were detected by Oil Red O staining. PCB, PCBG, and MPG suppressed oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were ameliorated. Moreover, these flavonones enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) and the downstream targets fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction and combination patterns between the three flavonones and the enzymes above. The results revealed that the SIRT1/AMPK pathway is involved in the functions of the three flavonones, and the most effective flavonone against hepatic steatosis might be PCBG, followed by MPG and PCB. Therefore, the three flavonones from P. chinense were found to exert preventive effects against hepatic steatosis by regulating the SIRT1/AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Guo
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Yin-Ying Ba
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Nan Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Xu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Wen-Wen Zhao
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xia Wu
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 10 Youanmen, Xitoutiao, Beijing 100069, China.
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141
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Flavonoids, Potential Bioactive Compounds, and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091168. [PMID: 30149637 PMCID: PMC6164844 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from the body having either high energy intake or low energy expenditure. Based on this energy equation, scientists have focused on increasing energy expenditure to prevent abnormal fat accumulation. Activating the human thermogenic system that regulates body temperature, particularly non-shivering thermogenesis in either brown or white adipose tissue, has been suggested as a promising solution to increase energy expenditure. Together with the increasing interest in understanding the mechanism by which plant-derived dietary compounds prevent obesity, flavonoids were recently shown to have the potential to regulate non-shivering thermogenesis. In this article, we review the latest research on flavonoid derivatives that increase energy expenditure through non-shivering thermogenesis.
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142
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Jiao X, Wang Y, Lin Y, Lang Y, Li E, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Feng Y, Meng X, Li B. Blueberry polyphenols extract as a potential prebiotic with anti-obesity effects on C57BL/6 J mice by modulating the gut microbiota. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:88-100. [PMID: 30471564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols are known for their various health benefits. Blueberries are dietary sources of polyphenols with reported health benefits. However, the role of blueberry polyphenols in alleviating obesity is not completely understood. This study investigated the potential positive effect of blueberry polyphenol extract (PPE) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in C57BL/6 J mice by modulation of the gut microbiota. Four-week-old C57BL/6 J mice were fed a normal-fat diet or HFD with or without PPE or Orlistat for 12 weeks. Mice fed HFD exhibited increased body weight and adipose tissue weight and disordered lipid metabolism. In contrast, PPE inhibited body weight gain and returned lipid metabolism to normal. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that PPE changed the composition of the gut microbiota in C57BL/6 J mice and modulated specific bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Deferribacteres, Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Adlercreutzia, Helicobacter, Flexispira, and Prevotella. Orlistat also improved obesity and metabolic alterations of HFD mice and modulated the composition of the gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that PPE, as a potential prebiotic agent, influences the gut microbiota to positively affect HFD-induced obesity in C57BL/6 J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Jiao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yang Lin
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Yuxi Lang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Enhui Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Xiuyan Zhang
- College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Ying Feng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161, China.
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143
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Effects of Isorhamnetin on Adipocyte Mitochondrial Biogenesis and AMPK Activation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081853. [PMID: 30044453 PMCID: PMC6222361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isorhamnetin (ISOR), 3-O-methylquercetin, is a naturally occurring flavonoid in many plants. It is a metabolite derived from quercetin and is known to exert beneficial effects on the prevention of obesity. However, the molecular mechanism of action involved in ISOR-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in 3T3-L1 cells remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether ISOR affected mitochondrial biogenesis and AMPK activation, during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Intracellular lipid and triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity decreased in ISOR-treated cells. The mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, such as the proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), and adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), were inhibited by ISOR. In contrast, mRNA levels of mitochondrial genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated reporter gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1, transcription factor A (Tfam), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1α (CPT-1α), were all stimulated by ISOR treatment. Mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number and AMPK activity were also stimulated by ISOR. The results suggested that the mitochondrial biogenic effect of ISOR in adipocytes might have been associated with stimulation of mitochondrial gene expression, mtDNA replication, and AMPK activation.
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144
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Li J, Dong JZ, Ren YL, Zhu JJ, Cao JN, Zhang J, Pan LL. Luteolin decreases atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice via a mechanism including decreasing AMPK-SIRT1 signaling in macrophages. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2593-2599. [PMID: 30186491 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism dysfunction and inflammatory infiltration into arterial walls are associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Luteolin has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory actions and protect against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced vascular inflammation, monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and the formation of lipid-laden macrophages in vitro. However, the role of luteolin in atherosclerosis and the associated vascular inflammatory remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of luteolin on plaque development, lipid accumulation and macrophage inflammation low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice with atherosclerosis, as well as the underlying mechanisms in ox-induced THP-1-derived macrophages. Firstly, 9-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a standard chow diet, western diet or western diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg luteolin for 14 weeks. The results of histological staining revealed that 100 mg/kg dietary luteolin ameliorated western diet-induced atherosclerotic plaque development and lipid accumulation in the abdominal aorta. Furthermore, total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels were decreased in the plasma of western diet + luteolin mice compared with those fed with a western diet alone. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that dietary luteolin inhibited the expression of cluster of differentiation 68, macrophage chemoattractant protein 2 and inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and TNF-α. Mechanistically, luteolin decreased the total cholesterol level as well as macrophage chemokine and inflammatory cytokine expression in THP-1-derived macrophages via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-Sirtuin (SIRT)1 signaling following induction with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The results of the present study suggest that luteolin prevents plaque development and lipid accumulation in the abdominal aorta by decreasing macrophage inflammation during atherosclerosis, which is mediated by mechanisms including AMPK-SIRT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Long Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Ning Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Pan
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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145
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Lee H, Lim Y. Tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation reduces hyperglycemia-induced skeletal muscle damage through regulation of insulin signaling and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 57:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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146
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Dietary flavonoids as a potential intervention to improve redox balance in obesity and related co-morbidities: a review. Nutr Res Rev 2018; 31:239-247. [PMID: 29871706 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422418000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents one of major health problems strongly linked to other co-morbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, CVD, gastrointestinal disorders and cognitive impairment. In this context, nutritional stress, such as an excess of fat intake, promotes a systemic oxidative stress, characterised by hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species, leading to cellular alterations that include impaired energy metabolism, altered cell signalling and cell cycle control, impaired cell transport mechanisms and overall dysfunctional biological activity. Flavonoids, dietary components of plant foods, are endowed with a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidant activity, and have been proposed to reduce the risk of major chronic diseases. The present review intends to highlight and critically discuss the current scientific evidence on the possible effects of flavonoids in counteracting obesity and related co-morbidities (i.e. type 2 diabetes mellitus, CVD, gastrointestinal disorders and cognitive impairment) through a decrease in oxidative stress and related inflammatory conditions.
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147
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Xiong XQ, Geng Z, Zhou B, Zhang F, Han Y, Zhou YB, Wang JJ, Gao XY, Chen Q, Li YH, Kang YM, Zhu GQ. FNDC5 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated macrophage polarization in obesity. Metabolism 2018; 83:31-41. [PMID: 29374559 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced chronic inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and the recruitment and proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is important for the development of this process. Here, we examined the effects of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) on inflammation and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male wild-type (WT) and FNDC5-/- mice were fed with standard chow (Ctrl) or high fat diet (HFD) for 20 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance. Firstly, effects of FNDC5 gene deletion on obesity, insulin resistance, macrophage accumulation and polarization and adipose tissue inflammation were determined in mice. Secondly, the macrophage polarity shift was further examined with flow cytometry in isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Thirdly, the effects of exogenous FNDC5 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage polarization, inflammation and the underlying signaling mechanism were investigated in RAW264.7 macrophages and primary mouse peritoneal cavity macrophages (PMs). Finally, the therapeutic effects of FNDC5 overexpression were examined in HFD-induced obese WT and FNDC5-/- mice. RESULTS FNDC5 gene deletion aggravated obesity, insulin resistance, fat accumulation and inflammation accompanied with enhanced AMPK inhibition, macrophages recruitment and M1 polarization in mice fed with HFD. Exogenous FNDC5 inhibited LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokine production via AMPK phosphorylation in both RAW264.7 macrophages and PMs. FNDC5 overexpression attenuated insulin resistance, AMPK inhibition, M1 macrophage polarization and inflammatory cytokine production in adipose tissue of obese WT and FNDC5-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS FNDC5 attenuates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance via AMPK-mediated macrophage polarization in HFD-induced obesity. FNDC5 plays several beneficial roles in obesity and may be used as a therapeutic regimen for preventing inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jue-Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xing-Ya Gao
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yue-Hua Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center of Translational Medicine for Cardiovascular Disease, and Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; Department of Pathophysiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
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148
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Zhao L, Zhang Q, Ma W, Tian F, Shen H, Zhou M. A combination of quercetin and resveratrol reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats by modulation of gut microbiota. Food Funct 2018; 8:4644-4656. [PMID: 29152632 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01383c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol and quercetin, widely found in foods and vegetables, are plant polyphenols reported to have a wide range of biological activities. Despite their limited bioavailabilities, both resveratrol and quercetin are known to exhibit anti-inflammation and anti-obesity effects. We hypothesized that gut microbiota may be a potential target for resveratrol and quercetin to prevent the development of obesity. The aim of this research was to confirm whether a combination of quercetin and resveratrol (CQR) could restore the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). In this study, Wistar rats were divided into three groups: a normal diet (ND) group, a HFD group and a CQR group. The CQR group was treated with a HFD and administered with a combination of quercetin [30 mg per kg body weight (BW) per day] and resveratrol [15 mg per kg body weight (BW) per day] by oral gavage. At the end of 10 weeks, CQR reduced the body weight gain and visceral (epididymal, perirenal) adipose tissue weight. Moreover, CQR also reduced serum lipids, attenuated serum inflammatory markers [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1] and reversed serum biochemical parameters (adiponectin, insulin, leptin, etc.). Importantly, our results demonstrated that CQR could modulate the gut microbiota composition. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that CQR had an impact on gut microbiota, decreasing Firmicutes (P < 0.05) and the proportion of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (P = 0.052). CQR also significantly inhibited the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae (P < 0.01), Acidaminococcaceae (P < 0.05), Coriobacteriaceae (P < 0.05), Bilophila (P < 0.05), Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05) and its genus Lachnoclostridium (P < 0.001), which were reported to be potentially related to diet-induced obesity. Moreover, compared with the HFD group, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales_S24-7_group (P < 0.01), Christensenellaceae (P < 0.001), Akkermansia (P < 0.01), Ruminococcaceae (P < 0.01) and its genera Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 (P < 0.01), and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (P < 0.01), which were reported to have an effect of relieving HFD-induced obesity, was markedly increased in the CQR group. Overall, these results indicated that administration of CQR may have beneficial effects on ameliorating HFD-induced obesity and reducing HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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149
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Mbikay M, Mayne J, Sirois F, Fedoryak O, Raymond A, Noad J, Chrétien M. Mice Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet Supplemented with Quercetin-3-Glucoside Show Attenuated Hyperlipidemia and Hyperinsulinemia Associated with Differential Regulation of PCSK9 and LDLR in their Liver and Pancreas. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700729. [PMID: 29396908 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulate the clearance of plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C): LDLR promotes it, and PCSK9 opposes it. These proteins also express in pancreatic β cells. Using cultured hepatocytes, we previously showed that the plant flavonoid quercetin-3-glucoside (Q3G) inhibits PCSK9 secretion, stimulated LDLR expression, and enhanced LDL-C uptake. Here, we examine whether Q3G supplementation could reverse the hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia of mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, and how it affects hepatic and pancreatic LDLR and PCSK9 expression. METHODS AND RESULTS For 12 weeks, mice are fed a low- (0%) or high- (1%) cholesterol diet (LCD or HCD), supplemented or not with Q3G at 0.05 or 0.1% (w/w). Tissue LDLR and PCSK9 is analyzed by immunoblotting, plasma PCSK9 and insulin by ELISA, and plasma cholesterol and glucose by colorimetry. In LCD-fed mice, Q3G has no effect. In HCD-fed mice, it attenuates the increase in plasma cholesterol and insulin, accentuates the decrease in plasma PCSK9, and increases hepatic and pancreatic LDLR and PCSK9. In cultured pancreatic β cells, however, it stimulates PCSK9 secretion. CONCLUSION In mice, dietary Q3G could counter HCD-induced hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia, in part by oppositely modulating hepatic and pancreatic PCSK9 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majambu Mbikay
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Francine Sirois
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olesya Fedoryak
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Angela Raymond
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer Noad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Functional Endoproteolysis Laboratory, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Saqib U, Sarkar S, Suk K, Mohammad O, Baig MS, Savai R. Phytochemicals as modulators of M1-M2 macrophages in inflammation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:17937-17950. [PMID: 29707159 PMCID: PMC5915167 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical mediators of the innate immune response against foreign pathogens, including bacteria, physical stress, and injury. Therefore, these cells play a key role in the "inflammatory pathway" which in turn can lead to an array of diseases and disorders such as autoimmune neuropathies and myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, and angiogenesis. Recently, more studies have focused on the macrophages inflammatory diseases since the discovery of the two subtypes of macrophages, which are differentiated on the basis of their phenotype and distinct gene expression pattern. Of these, M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and responsible for inflammatory signaling, while M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages that participate in the resolution of the inflammatory process, M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to tissue healing. Many studies have shown the role of these two subtypes in the inflammatory pathway, and their emergence appears to decide the fate of inflammatory signaling and disease progression. As a next step in directing the pro-inflammatory response toward the anti-inflammatory type after an insult by a foreign pathogen (e. g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide), investigators have identified many natural compounds that have the potential to modulate M1 to M2 macrophages. In this review, we provide a focused discussion of advances in the identification of natural therapeutic molecules with anti-inflammatory properties that modulate the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, MP, India
| | - Sutripta Sarkar
- PostGraduate Department of Food & Nutrition, BRSN College (affiliated to WBSU), Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Joong-gu Daegu, South Korea
| | - Owais Mohammad
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, UP, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Indore, MP, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University, Giessen 35392, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Member of the DZL, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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