151
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Chen LJ, Li ZZ, Liu W, Lyu B. Impact of high temperature and drought stress on the microbial community in wolf spiders. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116801. [PMID: 39083866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
High temperatures and drought present significant abiotic challenges that can limit the survival of many arthropods, including wolf spiders, which are ectothermic and play a crucial role in controlling pest populations. However, the impact of these stress factors on the microbiota of spiders remains poorly understood. In this study, we utilized 16 S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the diversity and composition of bacterial communities within Pardosa pseudoannulata under conditions of high temperature and drought stress. We found that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the predominant bacterial phyla present. Analyses of alpha diversity indicated an increase in bacterial diversity under combined stress conditions, as reflected by various diversity indices such as Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson. Furthermore, co-occurrence network analysis highlighted intricate interactions among the microbial taxa (e.g., Enterobacter, Chitinophaga, and Eubacterium), revealing the adaptive complexity of the spider's microbiome to environmental stress. Functional prediction analysis suggested that combined stress conditions might enhance key metabolic pathways, particularly those related to oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolism. Using Random Forest analysis, we determined that changes in three heat shock proteins were largely attributed to variations in bacterial communities, with Firmicutes being notably influential. Collectively, this in-depth analysis offers novel insights into the responses of microbial communities within spider microbiomes to combined abiotic stresses, providing valuable information for understanding extreme climate impacts and informing ecological management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Chen
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China.
| | - Zhe-Zhi Li
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Ecology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Urban and Environment Sciences, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Bo Lyu
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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152
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Burke LM, Davies TW, Wilcockson D, Jenkins S, Ellison A. Artificial light and cloud cover interact to disrupt celestial migrations at night. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173790. [PMID: 38851339 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The growth of human activity and infrastructure has led to an unprecedented rise in the use of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) with demonstrable impacts on ecological communities and ecosystem services. However, there remains very little information on how ALAN interacts with or obscures light from celestial bodies, which provide vital orientating cues in a number of species. Furthermore, no studies to date have examined how climatic conditions such as cloud cover, known to influence the intensity of skyglow, interact with lunar irradiance and ALAN over the course of a lunar cycle to alter migratory abilities of species. Our night-time field study aimed to establish how lunar phase and climatic conditions (cloud cover) modulate the impact of ALAN on the abundance and migratory behaviour of Talitrus saltator, a key sandy beach detritivore which uses multiple light associated cues during nightly migrations. Our results showed that the number and size of individuals caught decreased significantly as ALAN intensity increased. Additionally, when exposed to ALAN more T. saltator were caught travelling parallel to the shoreline, indicating that the presence of ALAN is inhibiting their ability to navigate along their natural migration route, potentially impacting the distribution of the population. We found that lunar phase and cloud cover play a significant role in modifying the impact of ALAN, highlighting the importance of incorporating natural light cycles and climatic conditions when investigating ALAN impacts. Critically we demonstrate that light levels as low as 3 lx can have substantial effects on coastal invertebrate distributions. Our results provide the first evidence that ALAN impacted celestial migration can lead to changes to the distribution of a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo M Burke
- Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
| | - Thomas W Davies
- University of Plymouth, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Aberystwyth University, Department of Life Sciences, Edward Llywd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Stuart Jenkins
- Bangor University, School of Ocean Sciences, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Amy Ellison
- Bangor University, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
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153
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Dong Y, Huang L, Liu L. Comparative analysis of testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura (cutworm) and Bombyx mori (silkworm): Histological and transcriptomic insights. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2024; 356:114562. [PMID: 38848820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2024.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura commonly known as the cutworm, is among the most destructive lepidopteran pests affecting over 120 plants species. The powerful destructive nature of this lepidopteran is attributable to its high reproductive capacity. The testicular fusion that occurs during metamorphosis from larvae to pupa in S.litura positively influences the reproductive success of the offspring. In contrast, Bombyx mori, the silkworm, retains separate testes throughout its life and does not undergo this fusion process. Microscopic examination reveals that during testicular fusion in S.litura, the peritoneal sheath becomes thinner and more translucent, whereas in B.mori, the analogous region thickens. The outer basement membrane in S.litura exhibits fractures, discontinuity, and uneven thickness accompanied by a significant presence of cellular secretions, large cell size, increased vesicles, liquid droplets, and a proliferation of rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. In contrast, the testicular peritoneal sheath of B.mori at comparable developmental stage exhibits minimal change. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of the testicular peritoneal sheath reveals a substantial difference in gene expression between the two species. The disparity in differential expressed genes (DEGs) is linked to an enrichment of numerous transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways involving Ca2+ and GTPase, as well as intracellular protein transport and signaling pathways. Meanwhile, structural proteins including actin, chitin-binding proteins, membrane protein fractions, cell adhesion, extracellular matrix proteins are predominantly identified. Moreover, the study highlights the enrichment of endopeptidases, serine proteases, proteolytic enzymes and matrix metalloproteins, which may play a role in the degradation of the outer membrane. Five transcription factors-Slforkhead, Slproline, Slcyclic, Slsilk, and SlD-ETS were identified, and their expression pattern were confirmed by qRT-PCR. they are candidates for participating in the regulation of testicular fusion. Our findings underscore significant morphological and trancriptomic variation in the testicular peritoneal sheath of S.litura compared to the silkworm, with substantial changes at the transcriptomic level coinciding with testicular fusion. The research provides valuable clues for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying this unique phenomenon in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqun Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Insect Development Regulation and Application Research, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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154
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Chen W, Guo J, Liu Y, Champer J. Population suppression by release of insects carrying a dominant sterile homing gene drive targeting doublesex in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8053. [PMID: 39277611 PMCID: PMC11401859 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
CRISPR homing gene drives can suppress pest populations by targeting female fertility genes, converting wild-type alleles into drive alleles in the germline of drive heterozygotes. fsRIDL (female-specific Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) is a self-limiting population suppression strategy involving continual release of transgenic males carrying female lethal alleles. Here, we propose an improved pest suppression system called "Release of Insects carrying a Dominant-sterile Drive" (RIDD), combining performance characteristics of homing drive and fsRIDL. We construct a split RIDD system in Drosophila melanogaster by creating a 3-gRNA drive disrupting the doublesex female exon. Drive alleles bias their inheritance in males, while drive alleles and resistance alleles formed by end-joining cause dominant female sterility. Weekly releases of RIDD males progressively suppressed and eventually eliminated cage populations. Modeling shows that RIDD is substantially stronger than SIT and fsRIDL. RIDD is also self-limiting, potentially allowing targeted population suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhe Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PTN program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialiang Guo
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PTN program, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jackson Champer
- Center for Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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155
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Chorbiński P, Liszewski M, Bąbelewski P, Jama-Rodzeńska A. The impact of buckwheat and paulownia (Paulownia elongata × P. fortunei) intercropping on beekeeping value and buckwheat yield. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21490. [PMID: 39277610 PMCID: PMC11401856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing crop diversity is a way for agriculture to transition towards a more sustainable and biodiversity-friendly system. Growing buckwheat intercropped with paulownia can contribute not only to mitigating climate change but can also enrich the environment with species of agricultural importance, without causing a decline in pollinators, since buckwheat is pollinated mainly by the honeybee. In a field experiment comparing growing buckwheat with paulownia against a monoculture crop, we investigated differences in flower visitation and beekeeping value, as well as the associated impact on crop yields. We analysed the effect of intercropping on the beekeeping value of buckwheat in terms of bee population size and the sugar mass in buckwheat flowers, nectar mass in buckwheat flowers, the quality of the delivered raw sugar and biometric characteristics. We found significant differences in the number of branches on the main shoot and the total number of branches. Significantly higher parameters were obtained in sites with buckwheat monoculture. The cultivation method variant did not cause differentiation in either the structure elements or the yield itself. Yields ranged from 0.39 (2021) to 1.59 (2023) t·ha-1. The average yield in intercropping was slightly lower (0.02 t·ha-1) than in the monoculture system of buckwheat (0.93 t·ha-1). More flowers per plant per day of observation and more flowers in millions of flowers per hectare per day of observation were observed in the intercropping of buckwheat with paulownia. Based on our experiment, we concluded that growing buckwheat in monoculture significantly increased the number of flowers, resulting in an increase in pollinator density and an increased number of pollinators per unit area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Chorbiński
- Department of Epizootiology with Exotic Animal and Bird Clinic, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Square 45, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Liszewski
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24A Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Bąbelewski
- Department of Horticulture, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24A Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jama-Rodzeńska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 24A Grunwaldzki Square, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
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156
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Mazorra-Alonso M, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Heeb P, Jacob S, Martin-Vivaldi M, Martínez-Bueno M, Núñez-Gómez R, Sacristán-Soriano O, Soler JJ. Microbiota and the volatile profile of avian nests are associated with each other and with the intensity of parasitism. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae106. [PMID: 39049462 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria have been suggested as being partially responsible for avian nest odours and, thus, volatiles from their metabolism could influence the intensity of selection pressures due to parasites detecting olfactory cues of their hosts. Here, we tested this hypothesis by exploring intraspecific and interspecific variability in microbial environments, volatile profiles and intensity of ectoparasitism by Carnus hemapterus in the nests of 10 avian species. As expected, we found that (i) alpha and beta diversity of microbial and volatile profiles were associated with each other. Moreover, (ii) alpha diversity of bacteria and volatiles of the nest environment, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was associated with the intensity of parasitism at early and late stages of the nestling period. Finally, (iii) alpha diversity of the nest microbiota, as well as some particular bacteria and volatiles, was correlated with fledging success. When considering them together, the results support the expected links between the microbial environment and nest odours in different bird species, and between the microbial environment and both ectoparasitism intensity and fledging success. Relative abundances of particular volatiles and bacteria predicted ectoparasitism and/or fledging success. Future research should prioritise experimental approaches directed to determine the role of bacteria and volatiles in the outcomes of host-ectoparasite interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Mazorra-Alonso
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | - Philipp Heeb
- Centre de Recherche en Biodiversité et Ecologie, UMR 5300 Bâtiment 4R1, Université Paul Sabatier, 118, Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Staffan Jacob
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, CNRS, UMR 5321 Moulis, France
| | - Manuel Martin-Vivaldi
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael Núñez-Gómez
- Servicio de Instrumentación Científica, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan José Soler
- Departamento de Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), 04120 Almería, Spain
- Unidad asociada (CSIC): Coevolución: cucos, hospedadores y bacterias simbiontes. Universidad de Granada, Spain
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157
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Gloder G, Bourne ME, Cuny MAC, Verreth C, Crauwels S, Dicke M, Poelman EH, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Caterpillar-parasitoid interactions: species-specific influences on host microbiome composition. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae115. [PMID: 39165109 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that host-parasitoid interactions can have a pronounced impact on the microbiome of host insects, but it is unclear to what extent this is caused by the host and/or parasitoid. Here, we compared the internal and external microbiome of caterpillars of Pieris brassicae and Pieris rapae parasitized by Cotesia glomerata or Cotesia rubecula with nonparasitized caterpillars. Additionally, we investigated the internal and external microbiome of the parasitoid larvae. Both internal and external bacterial densities were significantly higher for P. brassicae than P. rapae, while no differences were found between parasitized and nonparasitized caterpillars. In contrast, parasitism significantly affected the composition of the internal and external microbiome of the caterpillars and the parasitoid larvae, but the effects were dependent on the host and parasitoid species. Irrespective of host species, a Wolbachia species was exclusively found inside caterpillars parasitized by C. glomerata, as well as in the corresponding developing parasitoid larvae. Similarly, a Nosema species was abundantly present inside parasitized caterpillars and the parasitoid larvae, but this was independent of the host and the parasitoid species. We conclude that parasitism has pronounced effects on host microbiomes, but the effects depend on both the host and parasitoid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Gloder
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mitchel E Bourne
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilien A C Cuny
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christel Verreth
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sam Crauwels
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H Poelman
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 46, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
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158
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Ge X, Peng L, Morse JC, Wang J, Zang H, Yang L, Sun C, Wang B. Phylogenomics resolves a 100-year-old debate regarding the evolutionary history of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024:108196. [PMID: 39278385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Trichoptera (caddisfly) phylogeny provides an interesting example of aquatic insect evolution, with rich ecological diversification, especially for underwater architecture. Trichoptera provide numerous critical ecosystem services and are also one of the most important groups of aquatic insects for assessing water quality. The phylogenetic relationships of Trichoptera have been debated for nearly a century. In particular, the phylogenetic position of the "cocoon-makers" within Trichoptera has long been contested. Here, we designed a universal single-copy orthologue and sets of ultraconserved element markers specific for Trichoptera for the first time. Simultaneously, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of Trichoptera based on genome data from 111 species, representing 29 families and 71 genera. Our phylogenetic inference clarifies the probable phylogenetic relationships of "cocoon-makers" within Integripalpia. Hydroptilidae is considered as the basal lineage within Integripalpia, and the families Glossosomatidae, Hydrobiosidae, and Rhyacophilidae formed a monophyletic clade, sister to the integripalpian subterorder Phryganides. The resulting divergence time and ancestral state reconstruction suggest that the most recent common ancestor of Trichoptera appeared in the early Permian and that diversification was strongly correlated with habitat change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ge
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - John C Morse
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Haoming Zang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianfang Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Beixin Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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159
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Silva FWS, Viol DL, Elliot SL. Juvenile responses to immune challenges are not carried through to subsequent life stages in an insect. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21456. [PMID: 39271717 PMCID: PMC11399141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental variability can significantly impact individual survival and reproduction. Meanwhile, high population densities can lead to resource scarcity and increased exposure to parasites and pathogens. Studies with insects can offer valuable insights into eco-immunology, allowing us to explore the connections between these variables. Here we use the moth Anticarsia gemmatalis to examine how increases in population density and immunological challenge during the larval stage shape its investment in immune defence and reproduction. Larvae reared at a high population density exhibited greater lytic activity against bacteria compared to those reared at low density, whilst bacterial challenge (i.e. bacteria-immersed needles) also increased lytic activity. There was no interaction between the variables population density and bacterial challenge, indicating that these are independent. Surprisingly, neither increase in lytic activity carried through to activity in prepupal haemolymph. Rearing of larvae at a high density delayed pupation and decreased pupal weight. The immunological stimulus did not significantly influence pupal development. Lower population density as a larva resulted in greater adult weight, but did not significantly influence lytic activity in the eggs or the number of eggs laid. Negative correlations were found between lytic activity in the eggs and the number of eggs, as well as between adult weight and the number of eggs. Overall, this study demonstrates that high population density and immune challenge trigger increased lytic activity in caterpillars, but this effect is transient, not persisting into later stages. The trade-offs observed, such as delayed pupation and reduced prepupal weights under high density, suggest a balancing act between immune investment and developmental aspects. The findings hint at a short-term adaptive response rather than a sustained strategy. The implications of delayed pupation and smaller adult moths could influence the moth's life history strategy, impacting its role in the ecosystem. Further research tracking larval immune investment and subsequent reproductive success will unveil the evolutionary dynamics of this relationship in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farley W S Silva
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
- Department of Entomology and Phytopathology, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniel L Viol
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Simon L Elliot
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, University College London, London, UK
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160
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Dresler J, Herzig V, Vilcinskas A, Lüddecke T. Enlightening the toxinological dark matter of spider venom enzymes. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2024; 3:25. [PMID: 39271930 PMCID: PMC11399385 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-024-00058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Spiders produce highly adapted venoms featuring a complex mixture of biomolecules used mainly for hunting and defense. The most prominent components are peptidic neurotoxins, a major focus of research and drug development, whereas venom enzymes have been largely neglected. Nevertheless, investigation of venom enzymes not only reveals insights into their biological functions, but also provides templates for future industrial applications. Here we compared spider venom enzymes validated at protein level contained in the VenomZone database and from all publicly available proteo-transcriptomic spider venom datasets. We assigned reported enzymes to cellular processes and known venom functions, including toxicity, prey pre-digestion, venom preservation, venom component activation, and spreading factors. Our study unveiled extensive discrepancy between public databases and publications with regard to enzyme coverage, which impedes the development of novel spider venom enzyme-based applications. Uncovering the previously unrecognized abundance and diversity of venom enzymes will open new avenues for spider venom biodiscovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Dresler
- Animal Venomics Lab, Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany.
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
| | - Volker Herzig
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Andreas Vilcinskas
- Animal Venomics Lab, Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- Animal Venomics Lab, Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Gießen, Germany.
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Frankfurt a. M., Germany.
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161
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Aladadh MA, Ebrahim HNEDAEK, Elsanhoty RM, Ramadan MF. Detection and occurrence of genetically modified rice and potato in the Saudi food market. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e285978. [PMID: 39292141 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.285978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of food products with genetically modified (GM) crops on the global market has increased due to advancements in genetic engineering technology. Legislation regulating the labeling and use of GM crops has increased considerably worldwide to provide consumers with health and safety assurance. It is still unclear whether genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are present in the food market of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia due to a lack of scientific studies. This work was planned to detect GM rice and GM potatoes in the Saudi food market. One hundred non-labeled rice and rice product samples and 50 potato and potato samples were collected randomly from different market sites of Makkah, Riyadh and Jeddah during 2022-2023. The cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method was used to extract DNA. Viviants DNA extraction kit was used to extract DNA from rice starch and potato chips. To find GMOs in samples, CMOScreen 35S and NOS test kits were utilized. DNA-based qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to screen targets for PCR detection of GM rice sequences. The results indicated that 32 (32%) rice samples were positive for CaMV 35S promoter, while no positive result was detected for the NOS terminator. Besides, 30% of potato samples were positive for the CaMV 35S promoter, and the same samples were positive for the presence of the Cry V gene. It could be concluded that there were GM rice and potatoes in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's food markets. Establishing strong regulations and certified laboratories to monitor genetically modified foods (GMF) or crops in the Saudi market is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Aladadh
- Qassim University, College of Agriculture and Food, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - R M Elsanhoty
- University of Sadat City, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - M F Ramadan
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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162
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Pamminger T, Basley K, Goulson D, Hughes WOH. Potential acetylcholine-based communication in honeybee haemocytes and its modulation by a neonicotinoid insecticide. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17978. [PMID: 39285925 PMCID: PMC11404474 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern that some managed and wild insect pollinator populations are in decline, potentially threatening biodiversity and sustainable food production on a global scale. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that sub-lethal exposure to neurotoxic, neonicotinoid pesticides can negatively affect pollinator immunocompetence and could amplify the effects of diseases, likely contributing to pollinator declines. However, a direct pathway connecting neonicotinoids and immune functions remains elusive. In this study we show that haemocytes and non-neural tissues of the honeybee Apis mellifera express the building blocks of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that are the target of neonicotinoids. In addition, we demonstrate that the haemocytes, which form the cellular arm of the innate immune system, actively express choline acetyltransferase, a key enzyme necessary to synthesize acetylcholine. In a last step, we show that the expression of this key enzyme is affected by field-realistic doses of clothianidin, a widely used neonicotinoid. These results support a potential mechanistic framework to explain the effects of sub-lethal doses of neonicotinoids on the immune function of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Pamminger
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
- Bayer AG, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Kate Basley
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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163
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Yang X, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Du J. Genome-wide analysis reveals transcriptional and translational changes during diapause of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). BMC Biol 2024; 22:206. [PMID: 39272107 PMCID: PMC11401443 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diapause, a pivotal phase in the insect life cycle, enables survival during harsh environmental conditions. Unraveling the gene expression profiles of the diapause process helps uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlying diapause, which is crucial for understanding physiological adaptations. In this study, we utilize RNA-seq and Ribo-seq data to examine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and translational efficiency during diapause of Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis, ACB). RESULTS Our results unveil genes classified as "forwarded", "exclusive", "intensified", or "buffered" during diapause, shedding light on their transcription and translation regulation patterns. Furthermore, we explore the landscape of lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) during diapause and identify differentially expressed lncRNAs, suggesting their roles in diapause regulation. Comparative analysis of different types of diapause in insects uncovers shared and unique KEGG pathways. While shared pathways highlight energy balance, exclusive pathways in the ACB larvae indicate insect-specific adaptations related to nutrient utilization and stress response. Interestingly, our study also reveals dynamic changes in the HSP70 gene family and proteasome pathway during diapause. Manipulating HSP protein levels and proteasome pathway by HSP activator or inhibitor and proteasome inhibitor affects diapause, indicating their vital role in the process. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these findings enhance our knowledge of how insects navigate challenging conditions through intricate molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhuo Yang
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianguo Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhangwu Zhao
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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164
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Cao X, Li M, Wu X, Fan S, Lin L, Xu L, Zhang X, Zhou F. Gut fungal diversity across different life stages of the onion fly Delia antiqua. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2024; 87:115. [PMID: 39266780 PMCID: PMC11393149 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-024-02431-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
A significant number of microorganisms inhabit the intestinal tract or the body surface of insects. While the majority of research on insect microbiome interaction has mainly focused on bacteria, of late multiple studies have been acknowledging the importance of fungi and have started reporting the fungal communities as well. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to compare the diversity of intestinal fungi in Delia antiqua (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) at different growth stages, and effect of differential fungi between adjacent life stages on the growth and development of D. antiqua was investigated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the α and β diversity of gut fungal communities between two adjacent growth stages. Among the dominant fungi, genera Penicillium and Meyerozyma and family Cordycipitaceae had higher abundances. Cordycipitaceae was mainly enriched in the pupal and adult (male and female) stages, Penicillium was mainly enriched in the pupal, 2nd instar and 3rd instar larval stages, and Meyerozyma was enriched in the pupal stage. Only three fungal species were found to differ between two adjacent growth stages. These three fungal species including Fusarium oxysporum, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Penicillium roqueforti generally inhibited the growth and development of D. antiqua, with only P. roqueforti promoting the growth and development of female insects. This study will provide theoretical support for the search for new pathogenic microorganisms for other fly pests control and the development of new biological control strategies for fly pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Susu Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Luyao Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Linfeng Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China
| | - Xinjian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China.
| | - Fangyuan Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), No. 28789 Jingshidong Road, Licheng District, Ji'nan, 250103, China.
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165
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Hoxha I, Trájer AJ, Dvorak V, Halada P, Šupić J, Obwaller AG, Poeppl W, Walochnik J, Alić A, Kniha E. Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of Bosnia and Herzegovina: distribution, ecology and environmental preferences. Acta Trop 2024:107393. [PMID: 39278523 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are the principal vectors for the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. and for phleboviruses. The sand fly fauna on the Balkan Peninsula, including Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), is diverse and the circulation of Leishmania infantum as well as phleboviruses has been proven. However, recent data on the sand fly fauna in BIH are scarce. In this study, we surveyed understudied regions in central and northeastern BIH to update the sand fly distribution and gain insights into the ecological and environmental factors shaping their appearance. CDC light trapping was conducted in 2022 and 2023 and a combination of morphological and molecular methods (cytochrome oxidase I barcoding) was performed for species identifications. We mapped the currently known distribution, modelled climatic suitability patterns and performed environmental analyses by applying machine learning methods. In addition, we analyzed blood meals by host gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF peptide mass mapping and screened for Leishmania spp. DNA and Phlebovirus RNA. Altogether, 591 sand flies of four species were trapped, predominantly Phlebotomus neglectus (97%), but also Ph. balcanicus, Ph. mascittii, and Ph. papatasi. Records of seven sand fly species known to be endemic were plotted onto distribution maps based on 101 datapoints, identifying Ph. neglectus as the overall predominant species. The environmental analyses of sand fly species indicated variation in altitudinal, thermal, and precipitation conditions across the sand fly-positive sites. Phlebotomus simici, Phlebotomus tobbi, and Sergentomyia minuta are typically found exclusively in Mediterranean and subtropical climate zones, whereas other species typically inhabit continental regions. The Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation of sand fly species numbers and Shannon entropy values suggest the southeastern coastal region of BIH as a primary focus for sand fly occurrence. This finding was corroborated by modeled average climatic suitability patterns for sand flies, depicting four distinct meso-regions for sand fly occurrence. The results of the ensemble method highlight the importance of annual precipitation to distinguish between positive and negative sand fly trapping sites in BIH. In total, 55 blood meals of two sand fly species, Ph. neglectus and Ph. balcanicus, were analyzed and five host species identified. Our comprehensive assessment of ecological and environmental preferences of sand flies in BIH may support further entomological surveys and help to better understand and evaluate potential hot spots of disease transmission in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Hoxha
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila J Trájer
- University of Pannonia, Sustainability Solutions Research Lab, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Vít Dvorak
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halada
- BioCeV, Institute of Microbiology of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jovana Šupić
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Adelheid G Obwaller
- Division of Science, Research and Development, Federal Ministry of Defence, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Poeppl
- Department of Dermatology and Tropical Medicine, Military Medical Cluster East, Austrian Armed Forces, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Walochnik
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amer Alić
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edwin Kniha
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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166
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Zhi XY, Liu Y, Liang J, Yuan X, Shi HC, Duan JQ, He MT, Wang Y, Cao H, Yang C. Novel Pesticide Candidates Inspired by Natural Neolignan: Preparation and Insecticidal Investigation of Honokiol Analogs Containing 2-Aminobenzoxazole-Fused Core Scaffold. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39263791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
As a continuation of our efforts to develop new agrochemicals with typical architecture and efficient bioactivity from plant natural products, natural neolignan honokiol was used as a lead compound to prepare novel analogs bearing the core 2-aminobenzoxazole scaffold. Their insecticidal potency against two representative agricultural pests, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus and Mythimna separata (Walker), were evaluated in vivo. The pesticide bioassay results revealed that compounds 7″a, 9, 10d, and 10j exhibited prominent larvicidal activity against the larvae of P. xylostella (LC50 = 7.95, 11.85, 15.51, and 12.06 μg/mL, respectively), superior to the precursor honokiol (LC50 = 43.35 μg/mL) and two botanical insecticides, toosendanin (LC50 = 26.20 μg/mL) and rotenone (LC50 = 23.65 μg/mL). Compounds 7d, 10d, and 10j displayed a more pronounced nonchoice antifeedant effect (AFC50 = 9.48, 9.14, and 12.41 μg/mL, respectively) than honokiol (AFC50 = 54.81 μg/mL) on P. xylostella. Moreover, compounds 7b, 7″a, 9, 10d, 10f, and 10j showed better growth inhibitory activity against M. separata (LC50 = 0.36, 0.34, 0.28, 0.16, 0.26, and 0.11 mg/mL, respectively) than honokiol, toosendanin, and rotenone (LC50 = 1.48, 0.53, and 0.46 mg/mL, respectively). A potted plant assay under greenhouse conditions illustrated that compounds 10d and 10j continued to provide good control efficacy against P. xylostella and an apparent protective effect on plants. Further cytotoxicity assay revealed that the aforementioned potent compounds showed relatively moderate toxicity and a good safety profile for non-target mammalian cells. Overall, the current work provides valuable insight into the agrochemical innovation of honokiol-derived analogs for use as natural-inspired pesticides in agricultural pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Cheng Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Qiu Duan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Tao He
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Hui Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi Province, P. R. China
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167
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Mota T, Paffhausen B, Menzel R. Chromatic processing and receptive-field structure in neurons of the anterior optic tract of the honeybee brain. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310282. [PMID: 39264932 PMCID: PMC11392409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Color vision in honeybees is a well-documented perceptual phenomenon including multiple behavioral tests of trichromaticity and color opponency. Data on the combined color/space properties of high order visual neurons in the bee brain is however limited. Here we fill this gap by analyzing the activity of neurons in the anterior optic tract (AOT), a high order brain region suggested to be involved in chromatic processing. The spectral response properties of 72 units were measured using UV, blue and green light stimuli presented in 266 positions of the visual field. The majority of these units comprise combined chromatic-spatial processing properties. We found eight different neuron categories in terms of their spectral, spatial and temporal response properties. Color-opponent neurons, the most abundant neural category in the AOT, present large receptive fields and activity patterns that were typically opponent between UV and blue or green, particularly during the on-tonic response phase. Receptive field shapes and activity patterns of these color processing neurons are more similar between blue and green, than between UV and blue or green. We also identified intricate spatial antagonism and double spectral opponency in some receptive fields of color-opponent units. Stimulation protocols with different color combinations applied to 21 AOT units allowed us to uncover additional levels of spectral antagonism and hidden inhibitory inputs, even in some units that were initially classified as broad-band neurons based in their responses to single spectral lights. The results are discussed in the context of floral color discrimination and celestial spectral gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Mota
- Institute of Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Benjamin Paffhausen
- Institute of Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Institute of Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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168
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Wyckhuys KAG, Gu B, Ben Fekih I, Finger R, Kenis M, Lu Y, Subramanian S, Tang FHM, Weber DC, Zhang W, Hadi BAR. Restoring functional integrity of the global production ecosystem through biological control. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:122446. [PMID: 39270336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Human society is anchored in the global agroecosystem. For millennia, this system has provided humans with copious supplies of nutrient-rich food. Yet, through chemical intensification and simplification, vast shares of present-day farmland derive insufficient benefits from biodiversity and prove highly vulnerable to biotic stressors. Here, we argue that on-farm action centered on biological control can effectively defuse pest risk by bolstering foundational ecosystem services. By harnessing plant, animal and microbial biodiversity, biological control offers safe, efficacious and economically-sound plant health solutions and coevolved options for invasive species mitigation. In recent years, its scientific foundation has been fortified and solutions have been refined for myriad ecologically brittle systems. Yet, for biological control to be mainstreamed, it needs to be rebooted, intertwined with (on- and off-farm) agroecological tactics and refurbished - from research, policy and regulation, public-private partnerships up to modes of implementation. Misaligned incentives (for chemical pesticides) and adoption barriers further need to be removed, while its scientific underpinnings should become more interdisciplinary, policy-relevant, solution-oriented and linked with market demand. Thus, biological control could ensure human wellbeing in a nature-friendly manner and retain farmland ecological functioning under global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- Chrysalis Consulting, Danang, Viet Nam; Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Australia; Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy.
| | - Baogen Gu
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Yanhui Lu
- Institute for Plant Protection, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Sevgan Subramanian
- International Center for Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Donald C Weber
- USDA-ARS Invasive Insect Biocontrol & Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI-CGIAR), Washington DC, USA
| | - Buyung A R Hadi
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy; International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), Rome, Italy
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169
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Wannassi T, Sayadi A, Abbes K, Djebbi S, Naccache C, Khemakhem MM, Chermiti B. Prevalence of Wolbachia infection in field natural population of the apricot seed wasp Eurytoma samsonowi (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Int Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s10123-024-00593-9. [PMID: 39264544 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-024-00593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Obligate endosymbiont bacteria associated with insects are naturally providing their hosts with essential nutrients such as vitamins and amino acids and biological services including protection from pathogens. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of Wolbachia infection among males and females of the parasitic apricot seed wasp (ASW) Eurytoma samsonowi Vassiliev (Vassiliev Petrograd 11: 1-15, 1915) (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a very harmful pest of apricot (Prunus armeniaca), in the oasis of Gafsa, Southern-West of Tunisia. The detection of Wolbachia infection was assessed based on the amplification of the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene and a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) as a universal genotyping tool for Wolbachia involving the analyses of genes gatB, coxA, hcpA, fbpA, and ftsz. Confirming the screening results, Wolbachia was detected in the natural apricot wasp for the first time, with a significant difference between males (5%) and females (59%) based on wsp gene. All Wolbachia strains identified in E. samsonowi were clustered among supergroups B of Wolbachia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takwa Wannassi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Abbes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Salma Djebbi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LR01ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chahnez Naccache
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LR01ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maha Mezghani Khemakhem
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LR01ES05), Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Chermiti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Plant Protection, High Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
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170
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Takii R, Fujimoto M, Pandey A, Jaiswal K, Shearwin-Whyatt L, Grutzner F, Nakai A. HSF1 is required for cellular adaptation to daily temperature fluctuations. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21361. [PMID: 39266731 PMCID: PMC11393418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a universal mechanism of cellular adaptation to elevated temperatures and is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) or HSF3 in vertebrate endotherms, such as humans, mice, and chickens. We here showed that HSF1 and HSF3 from egg-laying mammals (monotremes), with a low homeothermic capacity, equally possess a potential to maximally induce the HSR, whereas either HSF1 or HSF3 from birds have this potential. Therefore, we focused on cellular adaptation to daily temperature fluctuations and found that HSF1 was required for the proliferation and survival of human cells under daily temperature fluctuations. The ectopic expression of vertebrate HSF1 proteins, but not HSF3 proteins, restored the resistance in HSF1-null cells, regardless of the induction of heat shock proteins. This function was associated with the up-regulation of specific HSF1-target genes. These results indicate the distinct role of HSF1 in adaptation to thermally fluctuating environments and suggest association of homeothermic capacity with functional diversification of vertebrate HSF genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Takii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Fujimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Akanksha Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kritika Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Linda Shearwin-Whyatt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Akira Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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Ashok K, Nagaraja Bhargava C, Venkatesh R, Balasubramani V, Murugan M, Geethalakshmi V, Manamohan M, Kumar Jha G, Asokan R. Molecular characterization and CRISPR/Cas9 validation of the precursor of egg yolk protein gene, vitellogenin of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Gene 2024; 933:148925. [PMID: 39277149 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Vitellogenin (Vg), a yolk protein precursor, plays an important role in the oocyte development of insects and is an important target of genetic pest management. Vg is synthesized in the fat body, transported through haemolymph and accumulates in developing oocytes. In this regard, the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the major pest in South and South East Asia and a serious concern for farmers. Therefore, in the present study, we have cloned and characterized Vg from L. orbonalis (LoVg) for further applications. The cloned Vg consisted of 5,370 base pairs encoding 1,790 amino acid residues long protein. Further, sequence alignment revealed that LoVg has three conserved domains: a Vitellogenin N domain (LPD-N), a domain of unknown function protein families (DUF1943), and a von Willebrand factor type D domain (VWD). Using phylogenetic analysis, it was found that LoVg evolved alongside homologous proteins from different insects. The real-time expression levels of LoVg were significantly greater in female adults followed by the pupal stage. This suggests that Vg production and absorption in L. orbonalis occurs in the later pupal stage. Our studies showed that editing LoVg using CRISPR/Cas9 did not affect the total number of eggs laid but affected egg hatchability. These studies help us to design newer approaches in insect pest management through genetic suppression for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppannasamy Ashok
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Chikmagalur Nagaraja Bhargava
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendran Venkatesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Karnataka, India
| | - Venkatasamy Balasubramani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Marimuthu Murugan
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Geethalakshmi
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maligeppagol Manamohan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Girish Kumar Jha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramasamy Asokan
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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172
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Veber B, do Amaral Flores M, Lehmann M, da Rosa CE, Hoff MLM. Mutagenicity of the agriculture pesticide chlorothalonil assessed by somatic mutation and recombination test in Drosophila melanogaster. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024. [PMID: 39262276 DOI: 10.1002/em.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Chlorothalonil (CTL) is a pesticide widely used in Brazil, yet its mutagenic potential is not fully determined. Thus, we assessed the mutagenicity of CTL and its bioactivation metabolites using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster, by exposing individuals, with basal and high bioactivation capacities (standard and high bioactivation cross offspring, respectively), from third instar larval to early adult fly stages, to CTL-contaminated substrate (0.25, 1, 10 or 20 μM). This substrate served as food and as physical medium. Increased frequency of large single spots in standard cross flies' wings exposed to 0.25 μM indicates that, if CTL is genotoxic, it may affect Drosophila at early life stages. Since the total spot frequency did not change, CTL cannot be considered mutagenic in SMART. The same long-term exposure design was performed to test whether CTL induces oxidative imbalance in flies with basal (wild-type, WT) or high bioactivation (ORR strain) levels. CTL did not alter reactive oxygen species and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals levels in adult flies. However, lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels were increased in WT male flies exposed to 1 μM CTL. SMART and LPO alterations were observed only in flies with basal bioactivation levels, pointing to direct CTL toxicity to DNA and lipids. Survival, emergence and locomotor behavior were not affected, indicating no bias due to lethality, developmental and behavioral impairment. We suggest that, if related to CTL exposure, DNA and lipid damages may be residual damage of earlier life stages of D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Veber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)-Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana do Amaral Flores
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética - TOXIGEN, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Lehmann
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética - TOXIGEN, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular Aplicada à Saúde (PPGBioSaúde), Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo da Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)-Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Leivas Müller Hoff
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG)-Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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173
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Buczkowski G, Wossler T. Fipronil-infused sodium polyacrylate gels provide effective management of Argentine ants in conservation areas. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39264125 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various types of hydrogel compounds have recently been developed for controlling invasive and pest ants in a range of environmental settings including agricultural, urban and natural areas. The current study evaluated the potential of sodium polyacrylate (ACR) hydrogels to effectively deliver liquid baits to Argentine ants. RESULTS Relative to standard polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels, individual ACR hydrogel particles were approximately five-fold heavier; this may affect how ants interact with the bait particles, and further influence bait uptake and efficacy. Additionally, ACR hydrogels had significantly higher water absorption capacity and significantly slower rate of water loss, especially during the first 2 h. The efficacy of ACR hydrogel bait containing 0.005% fipronil and various attractants was evaluated on laboratory colonies. Results demonstrated that ACR hydrogel acceptance is significantly increased by the addition of feeding attractants. In addition, a field trial was performed in a nature reserve invaded by Argentine ants to evaluate the efficacy of ACR hydrogel bait. The field trial demonstrated that ACR hydrogel bait containing 0.005% fipronil with various attractants is highly effective and that ant densities throughout the baited plots declined by >99% within 7 days. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that: (i) fipronil is highly effective for Argentine ant control in natural areas when used in low concentrations (0.005%); (ii) ACR hydrogels are an effective tool for delivering liquid baits to Argentine ants; and (iii) hydrogel baits augmented with various attractants including salt, protein and pheromone are highly attractive to Argentine ants. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theresa Wossler
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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174
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Dáder B, Magaña AJ, Pascual-Villalobos MJ, Moreno A, Fereres A, Viñuela E. Compatibility of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) with nanoformulations of natural active substances. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae201. [PMID: 39267455 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanoformulations of essential oils (EOs) improve stability of the active ingredient, and thereby its biological activity and persistence. Because compatibility of EOs with natural enemies is not explored sufficiently, we evaluated the impact of nanoformulations of EOs (aniseed, lemon) or pure products (farnesol) on different activities of the generalist predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In dual choice bioassay, chrysopid larvae were significantly attracted to aniseed-treated pepper disks and deterred by farnesol. Larval activities (resting, walking, and preying) on treated leaves infested with Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were compared. There were no differences among nanoemulsions, nor aphid consumption varied. We studied the toxicity of nanoformulations to larvae and evaluated their development after contact with treated leaf disks, ingestion of treated artificial diet, and both routes of exposure (application of biopesticides on aphid-infested plants). This is the first evidence of the compatibility of EO nanoformulations with C. carnea by single route of exposure. Whether any effect appeared, it was sublethal. Compounds significantly reduced aphid consumption after 6 h on double route exposure, but this negative short-term effect disappeared as time progressed. Our results showed the optimal biopesticide to apply depends on which biological feature of the natural enemy we targeted. The key element to introduce these nanoemulsions is to match their persistence period on the crop with the release of the appropriate biological stage of C. carnea. This reinforces the fact that the main activities of C. carnea can be substantially maintained in joint application with nanoemulsions of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dáder
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Magaña
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aránzazu Moreno
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada Control de Insectos Vectores bajo sistemas de Agricultura Sostenible (IVAS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada Control de Insectos Vectores bajo sistemas de Agricultura Sostenible (IVAS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada Control de Insectos Vectores bajo sistemas de Agricultura Sostenible (IVAS), Madrid, Spain
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175
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Mérida-Torres NM, Garay-Serrano E, Cruz-Esteban S. Effect of variation in plant-emitted volatiles on the infestation behavior of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in strawberry crops. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s10493-024-00963-y. [PMID: 39266799 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-024-00963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and the Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), are pests commonly found in strawberry crops and pose significant challenges to production. However, the specific dynamics of their interactions with both healthy and infested plants remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the attraction of TSSM and WFT to volatile compounds emitted by healthy plants versus those of plants damaged by either or both species. Plant choice bioassays were conducted under varying conditions, including both healthy and those previously damaged by both TSSM and WFT. Additionally, behavioral tests were carried out using a Y-tube olfactometer, with extracts obtained via dynamic aeration from the plants in different states. The results revealed distinct preferences: TSSM exhibited a strong attraction to both healthy plants and those previously infested by their own specifics, whereas WFT showed a higher preference for healthy plants and those damaged by TSSM. Consistent behaviors were observed in the bioassays conducted with plant extracts. This research sheds light on the intricate interactions between strawberry plants and these pests and offers insights into the probable sequence of attack when both pests are present concurrently. The findings are valuable when implementing management strategies for these two pests in strawberry cultivation, considering the order in which they appear in the crop to help mitigate the damage caused by infestation in a more precise manner and order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neby M Mérida-Torres
- Departamento de Agricultura, Grupo de Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de Plagas, Sociedad y Ambiente, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto Km 2.5, Tapachula, Chiapas, 30700, México
| | - Edith Garay-Serrano
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, 61600, México
- CONAHCYT, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Ciudad de México, 03940, México
| | - Samuel Cruz-Esteban
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Centro Regional del Bajío, Red de Diversidad Biológica del Occidente Mexicano, Avenida Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, 61600, México.
- CONAHCYT, Avenida Insurgentes Sur 1582, Ciudad de México, 03940, México.
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176
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Jonusaite S, Himmerkus N. Paracellular barriers: Advances in assessing their contribution to renal epithelial function. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 298:111741. [PMID: 39276851 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Regulation of salt and water balance occupies a dominant role in the physiology of many animals and often relies on the function of the renal system. In the mammalian kidney, epithelial ion and water transport requires high degree of coordination between the transcellular and paracellular pathways, the latter being defined by the intercellular tight junctions (TJs). TJs seal the paracellular pathway in a highly specialized manner, either by forming a barrier against the passage of solutes and/or water or by allowing the passage of ions and/or water through them. This functional TJ plasticity is now known to be provided by the members of the claudin family of tetraspan proteins. Unlike mammalian nephron, the renal structures of insects, the Malpighian tubules, lack TJs and instead have smooth septate junctions (sSJs) as paracellular barrier forming junctions. Many questions regarding the molecular and functional properties of sSJs remain open but research on model species have begun to inform our understanding. The goal of this commentary is to highlight key concepts and most recent findings that have emerged from the molecular and functional dissection of paracellular barriers in the mammalian and insect renal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jonusaite
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 5, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 5, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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177
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Zhang B, Ma Y, Duan W, Fan Q, Sun J. Pinewood nematode induced changes in the assembly process of gallery microbiomes benefit its vector beetle's development. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0141224. [PMID: 39258937 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01412-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes play crucial roles in insect adaptation, especially under stress such as pathogen invasion. Yet, how beneficial microbiomes assemble remains unclear. The wood-boring beetle Monochamus alternatus, a major pest and vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD) nematode, offers a unique model. We conducted controlled experiments using amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA and ITS) within galleries where beetles and microbes interact. PWD significantly altered bacterial and fungal communities, suggesting distinct assembly processes. Deterministic factors like priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions shaped microbiome composition, distinguishing healthy from PWN-infected galleries. Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae emerged as potentially beneficial, aiding beetle's development and pathogen resistance. This study unveils how nematode-induced changes in gallery microbiomes influence beetle's development, shedding light on microbiome assembly amid insect-pathogen interactions. Insights gleaned enhance understanding of PWD spread and suggest novel management strategies via microbiome manipulation.IMPORTANCEThis study explores the assembly process of gallery microbiomes associated with a wood-boring beetles, Monochamus alternatus, a vector of the pine wilt disease (PWD). By conducting controlled comparison experiments and employing amplicon approaches, the study reveals significant changes in taxonomic composition and functional adaptation of bacterial and fungal communities induced by PWD. It identifies deterministic processes, including priority effects, host selection, and microbial interactions, as major drivers in microbiome assembly. Additionally, the study highlights the presence of potentially beneficial microbes such as Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ophiostomataceae, which could enhance beetle development and resistance to pathogens. These findings shed light on the intricate interplay among insects, microbiomes, and pathogens, contributing to a deeper understanding of PWD prevalence and suggesting innovative management strategies through microbiome manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yafei Ma
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Wenzhao Duan
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qi Fan
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianghua Sun
- College of Life Science/Hebei Basic Science Center for Biotic Interactions, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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178
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Nonkhwao S, Leaokittikul D, Patramanon R, Jangpromma N, Daduang J, Daduang S. Revealing the pH-dependent conformational changes in sol g 2.1 protein and potential ligands binding. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21179. [PMID: 39261547 PMCID: PMC11391043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sol g 2, a major protein found in the venom of the tropical fire ant (Solenopsis geminata), is well-known for its ability to bind various hydrophobic molecules. In this study, we investigate the binding activity of recombinant Sol g 2.1 protein (rSol g 2.1) with potential molecules, including (E)-β-Farnesene, α-Caryophyllene, and 1-Octen-3-ol at different pH levels (pH 7.4 and 5.5) using fluorescence competitive binding assays (FCBA). Our results revealed that Sol g 2.1 protein has higher affinity binding with these ligands at neutral pH. Relevance to molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to provide insights into the stability and conformational dynamics of Sol g 2.1 and its ligand complexes. After simulation, we found that Sol g 2.1 protein has higher affinity binding with these ligands as well as high structural stability at pH 7.4 than at an acidic pH level, indicating by RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, and principal component analysis (PCA). Additionally, the Sol g 2.1 protein complexes at pH 7.4 showed significantly lower binding free energy (∆Gbind) and higher total residue contributions, particularly from key non-polar amino acids such as Trp36, Met40, Cys62, and Ile104, compared to the lower pH environment. These explain why they exhibited higher binding affinity than the lower pH. Therefore, we suggested that Sol g 2.1 protein is a pH-responsive carrier protein. These findings also expand our understanding of protein-ligand interactions and offer potential avenues for the development of innovative drug delivery strategies targeting Sol g 2.1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Nonkhwao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Rina Patramanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nisachon Jangpromma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Jureerut Daduang
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sakda Daduang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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179
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Gömer A, Lang A, Janshoff S, Steinmann J, Steinmann E. Epidemiology and global spread of emerging tick-borne Alongshan virus. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024:2404271. [PMID: 39259276 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2404271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of novel viral pathogens is a major threat to human health, particularly in the context of climate and human-induced change in land use. Alongshan virus (ALSV) is a tick-borne virus associated with human disease, which was first identified in northeast China. More recently, several studies reported the emergence of ALSV in mammalian and arthropod hosts in multiple different countries outside of Asia, and the first viral genome sequencing data has become available. ALSV is a member of the Jingmenvirus group closely related to the Flaviviridae family. Unusually, the positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of ASLV is segmented and consists of four distinct segments, two of which show homology with the NS3 and NS5 protein encoding regions of non-segmented flaviviruses. Transmission of arthropod-borne pathogens will likely increase in the future due to environmental change mediated by a variety of environmental and ecological factors and increasing human encroachment into wild animal habitats. In this review, we present current knowledge of global ALSV distribution and emergence patterns, highlight genetic diversity, evolution and susceptible species. Finally, we discuss the role of this emerging tick-borne virus in the context of urbanization and global health.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Gömer
- Department for Molecular und Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
| | - Arthur Lang
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Janshoff
- Department for Molecular und Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinmann
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, General Hospital Nürnberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular und Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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180
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Zhu X, Yang Y, Li Q, Li J, Du L, Zhou Y, Jin H, Song L, Chen Q, Ren B. An expanded odorant-binding protein mediates host cue detection in the parasitic wasp Baryscapus dioryctriae basis of the chromosome-level genome assembly analysis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:196. [PMID: 39256805 PMCID: PMC11389331 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01998-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baryscapus dioryctriae (Chalcidodea: Eulophidae) is a parasitic wasp that parasitizes the pupae of many Pyralidae members and has been used as a biological control agent against Dioryctria pests of pinecones. RESULTS This B. dioryctriae assembly has a genome size of 485.5 Mb with a contig N50 of 2.17 Mb, and scaffolds were assembled onto six chromosomes using Hi-C analysis, significantly increasing the scaffold N50 to 91.17 Mb, with more than 96.13% of the assembled bases located on chromosomes, and an analysis revealed that 94.73% of the BUSCO gene set. A total of 54.82% (279.27 Mb) of the assembly was composed of repetitive sequences and 24,778 protein-coding genes were identified. Comparative genomic analysis demonstrated that the chemosensory perception, genetic material synthesis, and immune response pathways were primarily enriched in the expanded genes. Moreover, the functional characteristics of an odorant-binding protein (BdioOBP45) with ovipositor-biased expression identified from the expanded olfactory gene families were investigated by the fluorescence competitive binding and RNAi assays, revealing that BdioOBP45 primarily binds to the D. abietella-induced volatile compounds, suggesting that this expanded OBP is likely involved in locating female wasp hosts and highlighting a direction for future research. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this work not only provides new genomic sequences for the Hymenoptera systematics, but also the high-quality chromosome-level genome of B. dioryctriae offers a valuable foundation for studying the molecular, evolutionary, and parasitic processes of parasitic wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Qiuyao Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Jing Li
- Research Institute of Forest Protection, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Lin Du
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yanhan Zhou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hongbo Jin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Liwen Song
- Research Institute of Forest Protection, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory for Biological Control of Agricultural Pests, Changchun, China.
| | - Bingzhong Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Avian Ecology and Conservation Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
- Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory for Biological Control of Agricultural Pests, Changchun, China.
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181
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Zhu J, Chen J, Liu Y, Xu X, Champer J. Population suppression with dominant female-lethal alleles is boosted by homing gene drive. BMC Biol 2024; 22:201. [PMID: 39256812 PMCID: PMC11389273 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to suppress pest insect populations using genetic constructs and repeated releases of male homozygotes have recently been shown to be an attractive alternative to older sterile insect techniques based on radiation. Female-specific lethal alleles have substantially increased power, but still require large, sustained transgenic insect releases. Gene drive alleles bias their own inheritance to spread throughout populations, potentially allowing population suppression with a single, small-size release. However, suppression drives often suffer from efficiency issues, and the most well-studied type, homing drives, tend to spread without limit. RESULTS In this study, we show that coupling female-specific lethal alleles with homing gene drive allowed substantial improvement in efficiency while still retaining the self-limiting nature (and thus confinement) of a lethal allele strategy. Using a mosquito model, we show the required release sizes for population elimination in a variety of scenarios, including different density growth curves, with comparisons to other systems. Resistance alleles reduced the power of this method, but these could be overcome by targeting an essential gene with the drive while also providing rescue. A proof-of-principle demonstration of this system in Drosophila melanogaster was effective in both biasing its inheritance and achieving high lethality among females that inherit the construct in the absence of antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study shows that substantial improvements can be achieved in female-specific lethal systems for population suppression by combining them with various types of gene drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhu
- Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingheng Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xuejiao Xu
- Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jackson Champer
- Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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182
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Ouyang B, True AC, Crimaldi JP, Ermentrout B. Simple olfactory navigation in air and water. J Theor Biol 2024; 595:111941. [PMID: 39260736 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Two simple algorithms based on combining odor concentration differences across time and space along with information on the flow direction are tested for their ability to locate an odor source in four different odor landscapes. Image data taken from air plumes in three different regimes and a water plume are used as test environments for a bilateral ("stereo sampling") algorithm using concentration differences across two sensors and a "casting" algorithm that uses successive samples to decide orientation. Agents are started at random locations and orientations in the landscape and allowed to move until they reach the source of the odor (success) or leave the imaged area (failure). Parameters for the algorithm are chosen to optimize success and to minimize path length to the source. Success rates over 90% are consistently obtained with path lengths that can be as low as twice the starting distance from the source in air and four times the distance in the highly turbulent water plumes. We find that parameters that optimize success often lead to more exploratory pathways to the source. Information about the direction from which the odor is coming is necessary for successful navigation in the water plume and reduces the path length in the three tested air plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Ouyang
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America.
| | - Aaron C True
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
| | - John P Crimaldi
- Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America.
| | - Bard Ermentrout
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States of America.
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183
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Paoli M, Giurfa M. Pesticides and pollinator brain: How do neonicotinoids affect the central nervous system of bees? Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39258341 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids represent over a quarter of the global pesticide market. Research on their environmental impact has revealed their adverse effect on the cognitive functions of pollinators, in particular of bees. Cognitive impairments, mostly revealed by behavioural studies, are the phenotypic expression of an alteration in the underlying neural circuits, a matter deserving greater attention. Here, we reviewed studies on the impact of field-relevant doses of neonicotinoids on the neurophysiology and neurodevelopment of bees. In particular, we focus on their olfactory system as much knowledge has been gained on the different brain areas that participate in odour processing. Recent studies have revealed the detrimental effects of neonicotinoids at multiple levels of the olfactory system, including modulation of odorant-induced activity in olfactory sensory neurons, diminished neural responses in the antennal lobe (the first olfactory processing centre) and abnormal development of the neural connectivity within the mushroom bodies (central neuropils involved in multisensory integration, learning and memory storage, among others). Given the importance of olfactory perception for multiple aspects of bee biology, the reported disruption of the olfactory circuit, which can occur even upon exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoids, has severe consequences at both individual and colony levels. Moreover, the effects reported for a multimodal structure such as the mushroom bodies indicate that neonicotinoids' impact translates to other sensory domains. Assessing the impact of field-relevant doses of pesticides on bee neurophysiology is crucial for understanding how neonicotinoids influence their behaviour in ecological contexts and for defining effective and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Paoli
- Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Martin Giurfa
- Neuroscience Paris-Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, CNRS, INSERM, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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184
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Sugiyama R, Moriyama M, Koga R, Fukatsu T. Host range of naturally and artificially evolved symbiotic bacteria for a specific host insect. mBio 2024; 15:e0134224. [PMID: 39082826 PMCID: PMC11389372 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01342-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diverse insects are intimately associated with specific symbiotic bacteria, where host and symbiont are integrated into an almost inseparable biological entity. These symbiotic bacteria usually exhibit host specificity, uncultivability, reduced genome size, and other peculiar traits relevant to their symbiotic lifestyle. How host-symbiont specificity is established at the very beginning of symbiosis is of interest but poorly understood. To gain insight into the evolutionary issue, we adopted an experimental approach using the recently developed evolutionary model of symbiosis between the stinkbug Plautia stali and Escherichia coli. Based on the laboratory evolution of P. stali-E. coli mutualism, we selected ΔcyaA mutant of E. coli as an artificial symbiont of P. stali that has established mutualism by a single mutation. In addition, we selected a natural cultivable symbiont of P. stali of relatively recent evolutionary origin. These artificial and natural symbiotic bacteria of P. stali were experimentally inoculated to symbiont-deprived newborn nymphs of diverse stinkbug species. Strikingly, the mutualistic E. coli was unable to establish infection and support growth and survival of all the stinkbug species except for P. stali, uncovering that host specificity can be established at a very early stage of symbiotic evolution. Meanwhile, the natural symbiont was able to establish infection and support growth and survival of several stinkbug species in addition to P. stali, unveiling that a broader host range of the symbiont has evolved in nature. Based on these findings, we discuss what factors are relevant to the establishment of host specificity in the evolution of symbiosis.IMPORTANCEHow does host-symbiont specificity emerge at the very beginning of symbiosis? This question is difficult to address because it is generally difficult to directly observe the onset of symbiosis. However, recent development of experimental evolutionary approaches to symbiosis has brought about a breakthrough. Here we tackled this evolutionary issue using a symbiotic Escherichia coli created in laboratory and a natural Pantoea symbiont, which are both mutualistic to the stinkbug Plautia stali. We experimentally replaced essential symbiotic bacteria of diverse stinkbugs with the artificial and natural symbionts of P. stali and evaluated whether the symbiotic bacteria, which evolved for a specific host, can establish infection and support the growth and survival of heterospecific hosts. Strikingly, the artificial symbiont showed strict host specificity to P. stali, whereas the natural symbiont was capable of symbiosis with diverse stinkbugs, which provide insight into how host-symbiont specificity can be established at early evolutionary stages of symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuga Sugiyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Moriyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Koga
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Xu L, Ren C, Qiang P, Zhao M, Wen X, Li J, Dou W, Feng K, He L. Differences in Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Binding Mediate Selectivity of Bifenazate toward Phytophagous and Predatory Mites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19699-19709. [PMID: 39190753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bifenazate, a potent acaricide that targets mitochondrial complex III, exhibits selective toxicity (>280-fold) toward phytophagous mites versus predatory mites. Here, a systematic study was conducted to clarify the selective mechanism. Nontarget factors were excluded through epidermal penetration tests and assessment of detoxification enzymes' activities. Quantification of IC50 values, ATP content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels revealed that differences in drug-target binding determine the toxicity selectivity. Structural modeling and molecular docking revealed that variations in key amino acid sites within the cytochrome b (cytb) target might regulate this selectivity, which was validated through a microscale thermophoresis assay. Significant disparities were observed in the binding affinity between bifenazate and recombinant cytb proteins derived from phytophagous mites and predatory mites. Mutating isoleucine 139 to leucine notably reduced the binding affinity of bifenazate to cytb. Insights into bifenazate selectivity between phytophagous and predatory mites inform a basis for developing compounds that target cytochrome b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Changwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Peipei Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinhang Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Kaiyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
| | - Lin He
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Ministry of Education, 400715 Chongqing, China
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, 400712 Chongqing, China
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186
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Moore LD, Chris Amuwa T, Shaw SR, Ballinger MJ. Drosophila are hosts to the first described parasitoid wasp of adult flies. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07919-7. [PMID: 39261731 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps are exceptionally diverse and use specialized adaptations capable of manipulating the physiology and behaviour of host organisms1. In more than two centuries since the first records of Drosophila-parasitizing wasps, nearly 200 described and provisional parasitoid species of drosophilids have been identified2. These include endoparasitoids and ectoparasitoids, as well as species attacking larval and pupal hosts3. Despite a deep history of research attention and remarkable biodiversity, a wasp species that attacks and develops inside the adult stage of a fly host has not been described previously. Here we report the discovery of a wasp species that infects the adult stage of fruit flies in the genus Drosophila, including one of the most deeply studied model organisms in biology, Drosophila melanogaster. Notably, this wasp can be easily collected from backyard fly baits and has a broad geographic distribution throughout the eastern USA. We document its life history and unique host interactions, including egg-laying into and larval emergence from adult flies, and provide protocols to raise wasps from wild-caught host flies. Our results emphasize the need for ongoing research investment in insect biodiversity and systematics. As parasitoid research continues to uncover unusual biology and supports fundamental mechanistic insights into immunity4, metabolism5, ecology6, evolution7-9 and behaviour10-12, we anticipate that this wasp's association with the laboratory model organism, D. melanogaster, will provide new research opportunities across the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan D Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
| | - Toluwanimi Chris Amuwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Scott Richard Shaw
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Matthew J Ballinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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187
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Barr JS, Martin LE, Tate AT, Hillyer JF. Warmer environmental temperature accelerates aging in mosquitoes, decreasing longevity and worsening infection outcomes. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:61. [PMID: 39261928 PMCID: PMC11389126 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most insects are poikilotherms and ectotherms, so their body temperature is predicated by environmental temperature. With climate change, insect body temperature is rising, which affects how insects develop, survive, and respond to infection. Aging also affects insect physiology by deteriorating body condition and weakening immune proficiency via senescence. Aging is usually considered in terms of time, or chronological age, but it can also be conceptualized in terms of body function, or physiological age. We hypothesized that warmer temperature decouples chronological and physiological age in insects by accelerating senescence. To investigate this, we reared the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae, at 27 °C, 30 °C and 32 °C, and measured survival starting at 1-, 5-, 10- and 15-days of adulthood after no manipulation, injury, or a hemocoelic infection with Escherichia coli or Micrococcus luteus. Then, we measured the intensity of an E. coli infection to determine how the interaction between environmental temperature and aging shapes a mosquito's response to infection. RESULTS We demonstrate that longevity declines when a mosquito is infected with bacteria, mosquitoes have shorter lifespans when the temperature is warmer, older mosquitoes are more likely to die, and warmer temperature marginally accelerates the aging-dependent decline in survival. Furthermore, we discovered that E. coli infection intensity increases when the temperature is warmer and with aging, and that warmer temperature accelerates the aging-dependent increase in infection intensity. Finally, we uncovered that warmer temperature affects both bacterial and mosquito physiology. CONCLUSIONS Warmer environmental temperature accelerates aging in mosquitoes, negatively affecting both longevity and infection outcomes. These findings have implications for how insects will serve as pollinators, agricultural pests, and disease vectors in our warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn S Barr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay E Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ann T Tate
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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188
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Tong D, Wu F, Chen X, Du Z, Zhou J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Du A, Ma G. The mrp-3 gene is involved in haem efflux and detoxification in a blood-feeding nematode. BMC Biol 2024; 22:199. [PMID: 39256727 PMCID: PMC11389519 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-02001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Haem is essential but toxic for metazoan organisms. Auxotrophic nematodes can acquire sufficient haem from the environment or their hosts in the meanwhile eliminate or detoxify excessive haem through tightly controlled machinery. In previous work, we reported a role of the unique transporter protein HRG-1 in the haem acquisition and homeostasis of parasitic nematodes. However, little is known about the haem efflux and detoxification via ABC transporters, particularly the multiple drug resistance proteins (MRPs). RESULTS Here, we further elucidate that a member of the mrp family (mrp-3) is involved in haem efflux and detoxification in a blood-feeding model gastrointestinal parasite, Haemonchus contortus. This gene is haem-responsive and dominantly expressed in the intestine and inner membrane of the hypodermis of this parasite. RNA interference of mrp-3 resulted in a disturbance of genes (e.g. hrg-1, hrg-2 and gst-1) that are known to be involved in haem homeostasis and an increased formation of haemozoin in the treated larvae and lethality in vitro, particularly when exposed to exogenous haem. Notably, the nuclear hormone receptor NHR-14 appears to be associated the regulation of mrp-3 expression for haem homeostasis and detoxification. Gene knockdown of nhr-14 and/or mrp-3 increases the sensitivity of treated larvae to exogenous haem and consequently a high death rate (> 80%). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that MRP-3 and the associated molecules are essential for haematophagous nematodes, suggesting novel intervention targets for these pathogens in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Tong
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqiu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhendong Du
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingru Zhou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingju Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aifang Du
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangxu Ma
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang XY, Han WH, Zhang FB, Wang JX, Liu SS, Wang XW. Attraction of Nicotiana benthamiana to Bemisia tabaci is related to a chemical signal in plant volatile, undecane. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39258464 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the world's foremost agricultural pests. Recently, we found that a wild relative of tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) demonstrates remarkable attractiveness and nearly 100% lethality towards whiteflies. Therefore, it can act as a dead-end trap crop for whitefly control in the field. However, the underlying mechanism of the significant attractiveness of N. benthamiana towards whiteflies is unclear. RESULTS Binary-choice assays and olfactory experiments showed that compared to common tobacco (N. tabacum), the volatile of N. benthamiana has a greater attraction to whiteflies. Then we analyzed and compared volatiles from these two Nicotiana species by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS). We identified 16 chemical compounds that are more abundant in N. benthamiana than in N. tabacum. Seven compounds were further tested with olfactometer assays and we found that, among them, undecane strongly attracted whiteflies. Further experiments revealed that even 0.005 μg mL-1 undecane is attractive to whiteflies. We also silenced the genes that may influence the biosynthesis of undecane and found the production of undecane decreased after silencing NbCER3, and that N. benthamiana plants with less undecane lost their attraction to whiteflies. In addition, we found that applying 0.005 μg mL-1 undecane on yellow sticky traps can increase the number of stuck insects on the traps by ≈40%. CONCLUSION Undecane from the volatile of N. benthamiana is a critical chemical signal that attracts whiteflies and NbCER3 involved in the biosynthesis of undecane. Undecane may be used to improve the efficiency of yellow sticky traps for whitefly control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wei ZH, Zhao P, Ning XY, Xie YQ, Li Z, Liu XX. Nanomaterial-Encapsulated dsRNA-Targeting Chitin Pathway─A Potential Efficient and Eco-Friendly Strategy against Cotton Aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39258562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The r-strategy pests are very challenging to effectively control because of their rapid population growth and strong resurgence potential and are more prone to developing pesticide resistance. As a typical r-strategy pest, the cosmopolitan cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, seriously impacts the growth and production of cucurbits and cotton. The present study developed a SPc/double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)/botanical strategy to enhance the control efficacy of A. gossypii. The results demonstrated that the expression of two chitin pathway genes AgCHS2 and AgHK2 notably changed in A. gossypii after treated by three botanical pesticides, 1% azadirachtin, 1% matrine, and 5% eucalyptol. SPc nanocarrier could significantly enhance the environmental stability, cuticle penetration, and interference efficiency of dsRNA products. The SPc/dsRNA/botanical complex could obviously increase the mortality of A. gossypii in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. This study provides an eco-friendly control technique for enhanced mortality of A. gossypii and lower application of chemical pesticides. Given the conservative feature of chitin pathway genes, this strategy would also shed light on the promotion of management strategies against other r-strategy pests using dsRNA/botanical complex nanopesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Han Wei
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Ning
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Liu
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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191
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Gekière A, Breuer L, Dorio L, Evrard D, Vanderplanck M, Michez D. Bumble bees do not avoid field-realistic but innocuous concentrations of cadmium and copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024:10.1007/s10646-024-02802-7. [PMID: 39261366 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Bee populations are facing numerous stressors globally, including environmental pollution by trace metals and metalloids. Understanding whether bees can detect and avoid these pollutants in their food is pivotal, as avoidance abilities may mitigate their exposure to xenobiotics. While these pollutants are known to induce sublethal effects in bees, such as disrupting physiological mechanisms, their potential impacts on locomotive abilities, fat metabolism, and reproductive physiology remain poorly understood. In this study, utilising workers of the buff-tailed bumble bee and two prevalent trace metals, namely cadmium and copper, we aimed to address these knowledge gaps for field-realistic concentrations. Our findings reveal that workers did not reject field-realistic concentrations of cadmium and copper in sucrose solutions. Moreover, they did not reject lethal concentrations of cadmium, although they rejected lethal concentrations of copper. Additionally, we observed no significant effects of field-realistic concentrations of these metals on the walking and flying activities of workers, nor on their fat metabolism and reproductive physiology. Overall, our results suggest that bumble bees may not avoid cadmium and copper at environmental concentrations, but ingestion of these metals in natural settings may not adversely affect locomotive abilities, fat metabolism, or reproductive physiology. However, given the conservative nature of our study, we still recommend future research to employ higher concentrations over longer durations to mimic conditions in heavily polluted areas (i.e., mine surrounding). Furthermore, investigations should ascertain whether field-realistic concentrations of metals exert no impact on bee larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Gekière
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Luna Breuer
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luca Dorio
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Evrard
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Maryse Vanderplanck
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, 20 Place du Parc, 7000, Mons, Belgium
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Wang JX, Han WH, Xie R, Zhang FB, Ge ZW, Ji SX, Liu SS, Wang XW. Metabolic and Molecular Insights Into Nicotiana benthamiana Trichome Exudates: An Ammunition Depot for Plant Resistance Against Insect Pests. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39262218 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Nicotiana benthamiana, a widely acknowledged laboratory model plant for molecular studies, exhibits lethality to certain insect pests and can serve as a dead-end trap plant for pest control in the field. However, the underlying mechanism of N. benthamiana's resistance against insects remains unknown. Here, we elucidate that the lethal effect of N. benthamiana on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci arises from the toxic glandular trichome exudates. By comparing the metabolite profiles of trichome exudates, we found that 51 metabolites, including five O-acyl sugars (O-AS) with medium-chain acyl moieties, were highly accumulated in N. benthamiana. Silencing of two O-AS biosynthesis genes, branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD) and Isopropyl malate synthase-C (IPMS-C), significantly reduced the O-AS levels in N. benthamiana and its resistance against whiteflies. Additionally, we demonstrated that the higher expression levels of BCKD and IPMS-C in the trichomes of N. benthamiana contribute to O-AS synthesis and consequently enhance whitefly resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of NbBCKD and NbIPMS-C genes in the cultivated tobacco Nicotiana tabacum enhanced its resistance to whiteflies. Our study revealed the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the lethal effect of N. benthamiana on whiteflies and presents a promising avenue for improving whitefly resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng-Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Ge
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Xia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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193
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Vongphayloth K, Randrianambinintsoa FJ, Lakeomany K, Phommavanh N, Pongsanarm T, Vungkyly V, Luangamath P, Chonephetsarath S, Brey PT, Depaquit J. A study on the diversity of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in karstic limestone areas in Vientiane Province, Laos, with a description of two new species of Sergentomyia França and & Parrot. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:385. [PMID: 39261872 PMCID: PMC11389125 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Asia is well known as a hotspot of biodiversity. However, very little is known about cave-dwelling hematophagous insects that are medically important. Taxonomic knowledge and ecology of phlebotomine sand flies are very poorly studied in Laos, as well as in other countries in the region. Herein, we report species diversity data and some notes on the ecology of the detected species from these karstic limestone areas of Laos. METHODS Phlebotomine sand flies were collected using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps from limestone cave locations in three districts of Vientiane Province, Laos. Both morphological and molecular techniques were used for sand fly identification. Species diversity and abundance were analyzed according to sites, locations, collection seasons, and trapping positions. RESULTS A total of 6564 sand flies, of which 5038 were females and 1526 were males, were morphologically identified into 20 species belonging to five genera (Chinius, Idiophlebotomus, Phlebotomus, Sergentomyia, and Grassomyia). The most abundant species were Chinius eunicegalatiae, Phlebotomus stantoni, Sergentomyia hivernus, Se. siamensis, and Idiophlebotomus longiforceps. Cytochrome b analysis results supported the morphological identification and revealed that Se. siamensis was separated from other members of the Se. barraudi group. Two new species, Se. dvoraki n. sp. and Se. marolii n. sp., were described. Sand fly density was generally high except in a cave in Vangvieng, with species richness ranging from 14 to 18 across different caves. Outside caves had higher species richness (R = 20) and diversity (H = 2.50) than cave entrances (R = 18, H = 2.41) and interiors (R = 16, H = 2.13). Seasonal variations showed high sand fly density in Feung and Hinheup during both dry and rainy seasons, while Vangvieng had a notable decrease in density during the dry season (D = 6.29). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the diversity of phlebotomine sand fly fauna in Laos, particularly in karstic limestone areas, is greater than previously known. However, the taxonomic status of many species in Laos, as well as Southeast Asia, still needs more in-depth study using both morphological characters and molecular methods. Many species could be found from inside, at the entrance, and outside of caves, indicating a wide range of host-seeking behavior or possible natural breeding in the karstic cave areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khamsing Vongphayloth
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR.
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France.
| | - Fano José Randrianambinintsoa
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France
- USC ANSES Petard, Reims, France
| | - Khaithong Lakeomany
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Nothasine Phommavanh
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Tavun Pongsanarm
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Veaky Vungkyly
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Phonesavanh Luangamath
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Somsanith Chonephetsarath
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Paul T Brey
- Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Jérôme Depaquit
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, ESCAPE, Reims, France.
- USC ANSES Petard, Reims, France.
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Pôle de Biologie Territoriale, CHU, Reims, France.
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194
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Jin L, Yan K, Kong H, Li J, Fan C, Pan Y, Shang Q. The Fat Body-Specific GST Gene SlGSTe11 Enhances the Tolerance of Spodoptera litura to Cyantraniliprole and Nicotine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:19680-19688. [PMID: 39225316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura is a significant agricultural pest, and its glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a crucial role in insecticide resistance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the SlGSTe11 gene of S. litura and resistance to cyantraniliprole and nicotine. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SlGSTe11 is highly expressed mainly in fat bodies, with a significant increase in SlGSTe11 gene expression under induction by cyantraniliprole and nicotine. The ectopic expression of the SlGSTe11 gene in transgenic fruit flies resulted in a 5.22-fold increase in the tolerance to cyantraniliprole. Moreover, compared to the UAS-SlGSTe11 line, the Act5C-UAS>SlGSTe11 line laid more eggs and had a lower mortality after nicotine exposure. RNAi-mediated inhibition of SlGSTe11 gene expression led to a significant increase in the mortality of S. litura under cyantraniliprole exposure. In vitro metabolism experiments demonstrated that the recombinant SlGSTe11 protein efficiently metabolizes cyantraniliprole. Molecular docking results indicated that SlGSTe11 has a strong affinity for both cyantraniliprole and nicotine. These findings suggest that SlGSTe11 is involved in the development of resistance to cyantraniliprole and nicotine in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Jin
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Kunpeng Yan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Haoran Kong
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Jianyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Fan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
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195
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Castillo-Alanís LA, Torres-Saez de Nanclares XA, Pedraza-Lara CS, Colorado-Hernández JL, Quijano-Mateos A, Ávalos-Hernández O, Bravo-Gómez ME. Development of mixed linear models to analyze and describe the impact of malathion on the larval growth of Megaselia scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) under various feeding media and environmental conditions. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024:tjae102. [PMID: 39257062 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Forensic entomology plays a crucial role in estimating the minimum postmortem interval through the study of insect larvae found at crime scenes. The precision of this estimation relies on various biotic and abiotic elements that simultaneously influence insect growth and development, encompassing factors such as temperature, humidity, photoperiod, diet, and the existence of xenobiotics in decomposing tissues. Despite numerous studies on the influence of these factors, including the impact of xenobiotics, there are currently no robust tools available for making corrections to this estimation considering concurrently all variables. In an attempt to propose an exploratory and descriptive statistical model to analyze the simultaneous effect and interaction of different variables on larval growth, this study aimed to compare the effect of malathion on the growth of Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) raised in malathion-spiked porcine muscle, under controlled and uncontrolled temperature and humidity conditions (environmental conditions). Larvae were also reared using various growth media. A split-plot design that combined crossed and nested factors was employed; 2 linear mixed models were developed to assess the relationships between the variables. The model provides valuable insights into the complex interactions among xenobiotics, growth media, and environmental conditions in the size and development of M. scalaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Alejandra Castillo-Alanís
- Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory, National School of Forensic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Salvador Pedraza-Lara
- Entomology Laboratory, National School of Forensic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandra Quijano-Mateos
- Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory, National School of Forensic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Ávalos-Hernández
- School of Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Elena Bravo-Gómez
- Toxicology and Chemistry Laboratory, National School of Forensic Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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196
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Wei B, Cao S, Zhang G, Wang H, Cao Z, Chen Q, Niu C. Citrus Fruits Produce Direct Defense Responses against Oviposition by Bactrocera minax (Diptera: Tephritidae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39257316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Plants perceive and orchestrate defense responses when herbivorous insects are ovipositing. Fruits, as a crucial reproductive organ in plants, have rarely been researched on the responses to insect eggs. Here, we found that oviposition by the specialist insect Bactrocera minax in navel oranges activated the lignin synthesis pathway and cell division, causing mechanical pressure that crushed the eggs. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed an enrichment of oviposition-induced genes and metabolites within the lignin synthesis pathway, which was confirmed by histochemical staining. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation was observed at the oviposition sites. Plant defense-related hormones jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) exhibited rapid induction after oviposition, while indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) activation occurred in the later stages of oviposition. Additionally, secondary metabolites induced by prior egg deposition were found to influence larval performance. Our studies provide molecular evidence that host fruits have evolved defense mechanisms against insect eggs and pave the way for future development of insect-resistant citrus varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guijian Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiaoran Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changying Niu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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197
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Yao Z, Ramachandran S, Huang S, Kim E, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Kaushal P, Bouhaddou M, Wohlschlegel JA, Li MM. Interaction of chikungunya virus glycoproteins with macrophage factors controls virion production. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00193-3. [PMID: 39261662 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite their role as innate sentinels, macrophages can serve as cellular reservoirs of chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a highly-pathogenic arthropod-borne alphavirus that has caused large outbreaks among human populations. Here, with the use of viral chimeras and evolutionary selection analysis, we define CHIKV glycoproteins E1 and E2 as critical for virion production in THP-1 derived human macrophages. Through proteomic analysis and functional validation, we further identify signal peptidase complex subunit 3 (SPCS3) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit K (eIF3k) as E1-binding host proteins with anti-CHIKV activities. We find that E1 residue V220, which has undergone positive selection, is indispensable for CHIKV production in macrophages, as its mutation attenuates E1 interaction with the host restriction factors SPCS3 and eIF3k. Finally, we show that the antiviral activity of eIF3k is translation-independent, and that CHIKV infection promotes eIF3k translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it associates with SPCS3. These functions of CHIKV glycoproteins late in the viral life cycle provide a new example of an intracellular evolutionary arms race with host restriction factors, as well as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlan Yao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sangeetha Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Serina Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yasaman Jami-Alahmadi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Prashant Kaushal
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James A Wohlschlegel
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melody Mh Li
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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198
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Rakesh V, Singh A, Ghosh A. Suppression of Thrips palmi population by spray-on application of dsRNA targeting V-ATPase-B. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135576. [PMID: 39270896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing technique has enormous potential as a non-chemical and eco-friendly alternative to hazardous pesticides. This study reports a spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) approach for managing Thrips palmi by lowering survival and offspring development. Vacuolar ATP synthases (V-ATPases) are responsible for survival, egg-laying, and viability of eggs in insects. In the current study, T. palmi V-ATPase-B was targeted to suppress the pest population by spray-on application of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Silencing of V-ATPase-B was first validated by oral administration of dsV-ATPase-B. The expression of V-ATPase-B was reduced by 5.40-fold post-dsRNA feeding leading to increased mortality (57.03 %) and reduced reproductive fitness (67.73 %). Spray-on application of naked dsV-ATPase-B at concentrations of 3.0 μg/mL and 5.0 μg/mL effectively suppressed the population by 30.00 % and 43.33 %, respectively. The expression of the target gene was downregulated by up to 4.24-fold. Two consecutive sprays at a concentration of 5.0 μg/mL provided substantial protection against the fresh release of T. palmi for up to 10 days. The spray-on application of dsV-ATPase-B would be an eco-friendly alternative for managing T. palmi populations thereby reducing crop damage and limiting the spread of orthotospoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rakesh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India; Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India
| | - Anupma Singh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India
| | - Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi -110012, India.
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199
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu Z. CYP4CE1 Metabolized Nitenpyram through Two Types of Oxidation Reaction, Hydroxylation, and N-Demethylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:20122-20129. [PMID: 39222380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c06273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nitenpyram, taking the place of imidacloprid, is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide to control Nilaparvata lugens in Asia. Two P450s, CYP4CE1 and CYP6ER1, are key factors in the metabolic resistance against nitenpyram and imidacloprid. In this study, we found that CYP4CE1 expression was strongly associated with nitenpyram resistance in 8 field-collected populations, whereas CYP6ER1 expression correlated with imidacloprid resistance. Hence, we focused on nitenpyram metabolism by CYP4CE1, due to that imidacloprid metabolism by CYP6ER1 has intensively investigated. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that recombinant CYP4CE1 metabolized nitenpyram into three products, N-desmethyl nitenpyram, hydroxy-nitenpyram, and N-desmethyl hydroxy-nitenpyram, with a preference for hydroxylation. In contrast, CYP6ER1 metabolized nitenpyram into a single product, N-desmethyl nitenpyram. These results provide new insights into the specific catalytic mechanisms of P450 enzymes in neonicotinoid metabolism and underscore the importance of different catalytic reactions in neonicotinoid insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixi Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests (Ministry of Education), College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing 210095, China
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Vospernik S, Vigren C, Morin X, Toïgo M, Bielak K, Brazaitis G, Bravo F, Heym M, Del Río M, Jansons A, Löf M, Nothdurft A, Pardos M, Pach M, Ponette Q, Pretzsch H. Can mixing Quercus robur and Quercus petraea with Pinus sylvestris compensate for productivity losses due to climate change? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 942:173342. [PMID: 38848911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, with a representative concentration pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing of 4.5 W m-2 and 8.5 W m-2 by 2100, respectively, predict an increase in temperature of 1-4.5° Celsius for Europe and a simultaneous shift in precipitation patterns leading to increased drought frequency and severity. The negative consequences of such changes on tree growth on dry sites or at the dry end of a tree species distribution are well-known, but rarely quantified across large gradients. In this study, the growth of Quercus robur and Quercus petraea (Q. spp.) and Pinus sylvestris in pure and mixed stands was predicted for a historical scenario and the two climate change scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 using the individual tree growth model PrognAus. Predictions were made along an ecological gradient ranging from current mean annual temperatures of 5.5-11.4 °C and with mean annual precipitation sums of 586-929 mm. Initial data for the simulation consisted of 23 triplets established in pure and mixed stands of Q. spp. and P. sylvestris. After doing the simulations until 2100, we fitted a linear mixed model using the predicted volume in the year 2100 as response variable to describe the general trends in the simulation results. Productivity decreased for both Q. spp. and P. sylvestris with increasing temperature, and more so, for the warmer sites of the gradient. P. sylvestris is the more productive tree species in the current climate scenario, but the competitive advantage shifts to Q. spp., which is capable to endure very high negative water potentials, for the more severe climate change scenario. The Q. spp.-P. sylvestris mixture presents an intermediate resilience to increased scenario severity. Enrichment of P. sylvestris stands by creating mixtures with Q. spp., but not the opposite, might be a right silvicultural adaptive strategy, especially at lower latitudes. Tree species mixing can only partly compensate productivity losses due to climate change. This may, however, be possible in combination with other silvicultural adaptation strategies, such as thinning and uneven-aged management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Vospernik
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carl Vigren
- Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd 17, 907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xavier Morin
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Maude Toïgo
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Kamil Bielak
- Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gediminas Brazaitis
- Vytautas Magnus University, Department of Forest Science, Studentu 11, Akademija LT-53361, Kaunas dist, Lithuania
| | - Felipe Bravo
- Instituto de Investigación en Gestión Forestal Sostenible (iuFOR), Unidad Asociada de I+D+i al CSIC, ETS de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, Avda. De Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, Spain
| | - Michael Heym
- Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Department Silviculture and Mountain Forest, Germany
| | - Miren Del Río
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR- INIA), CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aris Jansons
- Latvian State Forest Research Institute Silava, Rigas 111, Salaspils. Latvia
| | - Magnus Löf
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Box 190, 23422 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Arne Nothdurft
- Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Growth, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marta Pardos
- Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR- INIA), CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maciej Pach
- Department of Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29-Listopada, 46 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Quentin Ponette
- UCLouvain - Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2 box L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans Pretzsch
- Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, Department of Life Science Systems, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising. Germany
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