151
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Hadjiyannakis S, Buchholz A. Mental health outcomes in youth undergoing bariatric surgery. THE LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2020; 4:170-172. [PMID: 31978371 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(19)30433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stasia Hadjiyannakis
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Annick Buchholz
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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152
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Yang Y, Fu M, Li MD, Zhang K, Zhang B, Wang S, Liu Y, Ni W, Ong Q, Mi J, Yang X. O-GlcNAc transferase inhibits visceral fat lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 31924761 PMCID: PMC6954210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive visceral fat accumulation is a primary risk factor for metabolically unhealthy obesity and related diseases. The visceral fat is highly susceptible to the availability of external nutrients. Nutrient flux into the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway leads to protein posttranslational modification by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moieties. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is responsible for the addition of GlcNAc moieties to target proteins. Here, we report that inducible deletion of adipose OGT causes a rapid visceral fat loss by specifically promoting lipolysis in visceral fat. Mechanistically, visceral fat maintains a high level of O-GlcNAcylation during fasting. Loss of OGT decreases O-GlcNAcylation of lipid droplet-associated perilipin 1 (PLIN1), which leads to elevated PLIN1 phosphorylation and enhanced lipolysis. Moreover, adipose OGT overexpression inhibits lipolysis and promotes diet-induced obesity. These findings establish an essential role for OGT in adipose tissue homeostasis and indicate a unique potential for targeting O-GlcNAc signaling in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Minnie Fu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Kaisi Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Bichen Zhang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Simeng Wang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Weiming Ni
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Qunxiang Ong
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jia Mi
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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153
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Santos MD, Buti M, López-Cano C, Sánchez E, Vidal A, Hernández M, Lafarga A, Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla L, Rius F, Bueno M, Lecube A. Dynamics of Anthropometric Indices in a Large Paired Cohort With 10 Years of Follow-Up: Paving the Way to Sarcopenic Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:209. [PMID: 32425882 PMCID: PMC7212464 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Paired cohort investigations assessing the evolution of anthropometric indices are scarce. Here we assessed the 10-year evolution of BMI, total body fat, and lean body mass in 50,019 participants aged 18-90 years at the time of first assessment. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort study using an electronic database that contains anonymized, longitudinal data from Primary Care medical records covering the 2007-2008 and 2017-2018 periods. Total body fat was estimated using the Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator formula, and the Hume formula was applied to estimate lean body mass. Results: The mean BMI of participants <60 years old in the 2007-2008 period increased significantly, from 27.5 to 28.3 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). However, the BMI of older subjects decreased during the next decade, from 28.9 to 28.3 kg/m2 (p < 0.001). The estimated total body fat showed a continuous progressive increase over all ages. Finally, lean body mass showed a progressive increase until the 40s, with a plateau between 40-45 years old and an uninterrupted decrease until older ages. Also, subjects who increased their BMI by 2 kg/m2 during the 10-year period were mainly women and younger at baseline, with a lower initial BMI and total body fat in comparison with those who experienced a BMI decrease of ≥2.0 kg/m2. Conclusion: The evolutions of BMI and the estimated body compositions reported here confirm that the adverse decrease in lean body mass begins in middle age. The proportion of older subjects is important when evaluating overweight and obesity prevalence in cross-sectional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Dolores Santos
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Miquel Buti
- Institut Català de la Salut, Unitat de Suport a la Recerca, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Lleida, Spain
| | - Carolina López-Cano
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Marta Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Liliana Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ferran Rius
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Marta Bueno
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Primary Health Care Unit, Lleida, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Albert Lecube
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154
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Vileigas DF, Marciano CLDC, Mota GAF, de Souza SLB, Sant’Ana PG, Okoshi K, Padovani CR, Cicogna AC. Temporal Measures in Cardiac Structure and Function During the Development of Obesity Induced by Different Types of Western Diet in a Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010068. [PMID: 31888029 PMCID: PMC7019835 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is recognized worldwide as a complex metabolic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions and is often associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases. To study this pathology and evaluate cardiac function, several models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) have been developed. The Western diet (WD) is one of the most widely used models; however, variations in diet composition and time period of the experimental protocol make comparisons challenging. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of two different types of Western diet on cardiac remodeling in obese rats with sequential analyses during a long-term follow-up. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups fed with control diet (CD), Western diet fat (WDF), and Western diet sugar (WDS) for 41 weeks. The animal nutritional profile and cardiac histology were assessed at the 41st week. Cardiac structure and function were evaluated by echocardiogram at four different moments: 17, 25, 33, and 41 weeks. A noninvasive method was performed to assess systolic blood pressure at the 33rd and 41st week. The animals fed with WD (WDF and WDS) developed pronounced obesity with an average increase of 86.5% in adiposity index at the end of the experiment. WDF and WDS groups also presented hypertension. The echocardiographic data showed no structural differences among the three groups, but WDF animals presented decreased endocardial fractional shortening and ejection fraction at the 33rd and 41st week, suggesting altered systolic function. Moreover, WDF and WFS animals did not present hypertrophy and interstitial collagen accumulation in the left ventricle. In conclusion, both WD were effective in triggering severe obesity in rats; however, only the WDF induced mild cardiac dysfunction after long-term diet exposure. Further studies are needed to search for an appropriate DIO model with relevant cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Fernandes Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Cecília Lume de Carvalho Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Gustavo Augusto Ferreira Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Sérgio Luiz Borges de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Paula Grippa Sant’Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
| | - Carlos Roberto Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, Brazil;
| | - Antonio Carlos Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu 18618687, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (C.L.d.C.M.); (G.A.F.M.); (S.L.B.d.S.); (P.G.S.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3880-1618
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155
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Fernández-Galilea M, Félix-Soriano E, Colón-Mesa I, Escoté X, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Omega-3 fatty acids as regulators of brown/beige adipose tissue: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 76:251-267. [PMID: 31853728 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction represents the hallmark of obesity. Brown/beige adipose tissues play a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis through non-shivering thermogenesis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has been inversely related to body fatness, suggesting that BAT activation is protective against obesity. BAT plays also a key role in the control of triglyceride clearance, glucose homeostasis, and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, BAT/beige activation has been proposed as a strategy to prevent or ameliorate obesity development and associated commorbidities. In the last few years, a variety of preclinical studies have proposed n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) as novel inducers of BAT activity and white adipose tissue browning. Here, we review the in vitro and in vivo available evidences of the thermogenic properties of n-3 PUFAs, especially focusing on the molecular and cellular physiological mechanisms involved. Finally, we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives to better characterize the therapeutic potential of n-3 PUFAs as browning agents, especially in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.,IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Colón-Mesa
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.,Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Eurecat, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra, Centre for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain. .,IDISNA, Navarra's Health Research Institute, Pamplona, Spain. .,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.
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156
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Izquierdo AG, Carreira MC, Amil M, Mosteiro CS, Garcia-Caballero T, Fernandez-Quintela A, Portillo MP, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB. An energy restriction-based weight loss intervention is able to reverse the effects of obesity on the expression of liver tumor-promoting genes. FASEB J 2019; 34:2312-2325. [PMID: 31908001 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901147rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological evidence regarding the association of obesity with liver disease and possibly hepatocellular carcinoma highlights the need for investigations of whether obesity itself could induce the differential expression of genes commonly associated with the initial phase of liver tumorigenesis, and whether such phenomenon could be reversed after a weight loss intervention. In this study, obese Zucker rats were found to have dysregulated cell proliferation, antioxidative defenses, and tumor suppressor gene expression in association with liver dysfunction parameters, as well as oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, after a 4-week weight loss protocol of energy restriction and/or exercise, this effect on the liver carcinogenesis-related genes was reversed concomitantly with reductions in the fat mass, hepatic lipid content, oxidative stress, and inflammation. The findings indicate that the oxidative stress and inflammation associated with excess adiposity promote dysregulation of the genes involved in liver tumorigenesis. This is clinically relevant because these effects were detectable in the liver without evidence of a tumoral mass and were reversed after weight loss. Consequently, this study reveals the susceptibility of obese individuals to the initiation of a hepatocarcinogenic process, and how this can be prevented by achieving a healthy body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Izquierdo
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos C Carreira
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Amil
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos S Mosteiro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Tomas Garcia-Caballero
- Department of Morphological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alfredo Fernandez-Quintela
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute and Health Research Institute BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
| | - María P Portillo
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Lucio Lascaray Research Institute and Health Research Institute BIOARABA, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS) and Santiago de Compostela University (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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157
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Vileigas DF, Harman VM, Freire PP, Marciano CLC, Sant'Ana PG, de Souza SLB, Mota GAF, da Silva VL, Campos DHS, Padovani CR, Okoshi K, Beynon RJ, Santos LD, Cicogna AC. Landscape of heart proteome changes in a diet-induced obesity model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18050. [PMID: 31792287 PMCID: PMC6888820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic associated with a high incidence of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Proteomics may provide a more in-depth understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Thus, our study evaluated myocardial protein expression in healthy and obese rats, employing two proteomic approaches. Male Wistar rats were established in two groups (n = 13/group): control diet and Western diet fed for 41 weeks. Obesity was determined by the adipose index, and cardiac function was evaluated in vivo by echocardiogram and in vitro by isolated papillary muscle analysis. Proteomics was based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) along with mass spectrometry identification, and shotgun proteomics with label-free quantification. The Western diet was efficient in triggering obesity and impaired contractile function in vitro; however, no cardiac dysfunction was observed in vivo. The combination of two proteomic approaches was able to increase the cardiac proteomic map and to identify 82 differentially expressed proteins involved in different biological processes, mainly metabolism. Furthermore, the data also indicated a cardiac alteration in fatty acids transport, antioxidant defence, cytoskeleton, and proteasome complex, which have not previously been associated with obesity. Thus, we define a robust alteration in the myocardial proteome of diet-induced obese rats, even before functional impairment could be detected in vivo by echocardiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Vileigas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
| | - Victoria M Harman
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paula P Freire
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Cecília L C Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Paula G Sant'Ana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L B de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A F Mota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Vitor L da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Dijon H S Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Padovani
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618970, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilene D Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP)/Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18610307, Brazil
| | - Antonio C Cicogna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618687, Brazil.
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158
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Moritz S, Göritz AS, Schmotz S, Weierstall-Pust R, Gehlenborg J, Gallinat J, Kühn S. Imaginal retraining decreases craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women: A randomized controlled trial. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:319. [PMID: 31780640 PMCID: PMC6883071 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0655-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are epidemic conditions. Obesity is associated with somatic and psychological sequelae, including serious life-shortening disorders (e.g., diabetes). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a newly developed imaginal variant of approach bias modification (i.e., imaginal retraining) for the reduction of craving for high-calorie food. In a randomized controlled trial, 384 women with a body mass index above 25 were allocated to a wait-list control group or to two variants of imaginal retraining (ratio: 1; 0.5; 0.5). The two intervention groups were sent a manual on imaginal retraining. One group was explicitly encouraged and instructed to use electronic reminders (RER); the standard retraining group (RS) was not encouraged to use electronic reminders. Assessments were 6 weeks apart and were carried out online. Craving for high-calorie food represented the primary outcome (based on the Visual Analog Scale, VAS). Secondary outcomes included the Food Cravings Questionnaire (FCQ-T-R). The study was registered as DRKS00017220. Women in the RER group utilized the retraining technique more often than those in the RS condition, and utilization frequency in turn was associated with improvement on craving and eating behavior scales. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses showed a favorable effect of the RER group, which achieved significance on the primary outcome, as well as on several other outcomes relative to controls at a small to medium effect size. For those participants who measured their weight before and after the assessment using a scale, weight loss in the RER group was significantly greater compared to the control group. Both retraining groups (RER: 39.4%; RS: 31.1%) reduced their subjective amount of eating relative to controls (24.2%). Approximately two-thirds of the sample (68.3%) performed the exercises at least once during the study period. The present results show that, when used regularly, imaginal retraining may reduce craving for high-calorie food in overweight and obese women. Of note, there was also evidence suggestive of weight reduction, although no diet or lifestyle change was recommended in the manual. Because a large subgroup neither read the manual nor performed the exercises, we recommend that future imaginal retraining be conveyed via short video clips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Moritz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Anja S Göritz
- Department of Occupational and Consumer Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stella Schmotz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Weierstall-Pust
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Josefine Gehlenborg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simone Kühn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhou H, Liu Z, Chao Z, Chao Y, Ma L, Cheng X, Wang Y, Li C, Chen Y. Nonlinear relationship between serum uric acid and body mass index: a cross-sectional study of a general population in coastal China. J Transl Med 2019; 17:389. [PMID: 31767029 PMCID: PMC6878643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum uric acid (SUA). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the SUA–BMI relationship in a large-scale epidemiological survey in coastal China. Methods This survey was conducted among the general population in the coastal region of China from September 2014 to January 2015. SUA Levels were measured by the automatic Sysmex Chemix-180 biochemical analyzer. Results A total of 6098 men (BMI: 24.58 ± 3.74 kg/m2) and 7941 women (24.56 ± 3.64 kg/m2) were included in this study. A stronger positive BMI-SUA association was found for men than women (all P-values < 0.05). The piecewise linear spline models indicated a U-shaped relationship of SUA-BMI association for both men and women; and the lowest turning points were at 19.12 kg/m2 for men and 21.3 kg/m2 for women. When BMIs were lower than the nadir point, each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI related to a 7.74-fold (95% CI − 14.73, − 0.75) reduction for men and 2.70-fold reduction (− 4.47, − 0.94) for women in SUA levels. Once the BMI was higher than the nadir point, each 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI was related to a 5.10-fold (4.44, 5.77) increment for men and 3.93-fold increment (3.42, 4.43) for women in SUA levels. The regression coefficient differences between the two stages were 12.84 (5.66, 20.03) for men and 6.63 (4.65, 8.61) for women. Conclusions A U-shaped relationship between BMI and SUA was found for both men and women; the association was stronger for men than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhong Chao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | | | - Lidan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China.
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Petarli GB, Cattafesta M, Sant’Anna MM, Bezerra OMDPA, Zandonade E, Salaroli LB. Multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in Brazilian rural workers. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225416. [PMID: 31743369 PMCID: PMC6863555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in rural workers and their association with sociodemographic characteristics, occupational contact with pesticides, lifestyle and clinical condition. METHODS This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study with 806 farmers from the main agricultural municipality of the state of Espírito Santo/Brazil, conducted from December 2016 to April 2017. Multimorbidity was defined as the presence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual, while complex multimorbidity was classified as the occurrence of three or more chronic conditions affecting three or more body systems. Socio-demographic data, occupational contact with pesticides, lifestyle data and clinical condition data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for multimorbidity. RESULTS The prevalence of multimorbidity among farmers was 41.5% (n = 328), and complex multimorbidity was 16.7% (n = 132). More than 77% of farmers had at least one chronic illness. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and depression were the most prevalent morbidities. Being 40 years or older (OR 3.33, 95% CI 2.06-5.39), previous medical diagnosis of pesticide poisoning (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.44), high waist circumference (OR 2.82, CI 95% 1.98-4.02) and worse health self-assessment (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.52-2.91) significantly increased the chances of multimorbidity. The same associations were found for the diagnosis of complex multimorbidity. CONCLUSION We identified a high prevalence of multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity among the evaluated farmers. These results were associated with increased age, abdominal fat, pesticide poisoning, and poor or fair health self-assessment. Public policies are necessary to prevent, control and treat this condition in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Blaser Petarli
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Monica Cattafesta
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | | | - Olívia Maria de Paula Alves Bezerra
- Department of Family Medicine, Mental and Collective Health, Medical school, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliana Zandonade
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luciane Bresciani Salaroli
- Postgraduate program in Nutrition and Health, and Graduate Program in Collective Health, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Lampe L, Zhang R, Beyer F, Huhn S, Kharabian Masouleh S, Preusser S, Bazin PL, Schroeter ML, Villringer A, Witte AV. Visceral obesity relates to deep white matter hyperintensities via inflammation. Ann Neurol 2019; 85:194-203. [PMID: 30556596 PMCID: PMC6590485 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are linked to vascular risk factors and increase the risk of cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke. We here aimed to determine whether obesity contributes to regional WMHs using a whole‐brain approach in a well‐characterized population‐based cohort. Methods Waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), systolic/diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes and smoking status, blood glucose and inflammatory markers, as well as distribution of WMH were assessed in 1,825 participants of the LIFE‐adult study (age, 20–82 years; BMI, 18.4–55.4 kg/m2) using high‐resolution 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Voxel‐wise analyses tested if obesity predicts regional probability of WMH. Additionally, mediation effects of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 (IL6) measured in blood were related to obesity and WMH using linear regression and structural equation models. Results WHR related to higher WMH probability predominantly in the deep white matter, even after adjusting for effects of age, sex, and systolic blood pressure (mean ß = 0.0043 [0.0008 SE], 95% confidence interval, [0.00427, 0.0043]; threshold‐free cluster enhancement, family‐wise error‐corrected p < 0.05). Conversely, higher systolic blood pressure was associated with WMH in periventricular white matter regions. Mediation analyses indicated that both higher WHR and higher BMI contributed to increased deep‐to‐periventricular WMH ratio through elevated IL6. Interpretation Our results indicate an increased WMH burden selectively in the deep white matter in obese subjects with high visceral fat accumulation, independent of common obesity comorbidities such as hypertension. Mediation analyses proposed that visceral obesity contributes to deep white matter lesions through increases in proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting a pathomechanistic link. Longitudinal studies need to confirm this hypothesis. ANN NEUROL 2019;85:194–203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Lampe
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Huhn
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Kharabian Masouleh
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Research Center Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Jülich, Germany
| | - Sven Preusser
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - A Veronica Witte
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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162
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Kopper JJ, Travers JL, Schott HC, Cook VL. Effect of body condition on intestinal permeability in horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:792-798. [PMID: 31339765 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.8.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of body condition on permeability of intestinal mucosa in horses. ANIMALS 13 horses (7 obese and 6 lean) from 8 to 15 years of age. PROCEDURES Body condition score was assessed, and an oral sugar test (OST) was performed to evaluate glucose and insulin dynamics. Horses were allowed a 2-week diet acclimation period and were then euthanized. Tissue samples were collected from the jejunum, ileum, cecum, pelvic flexure, right dorsal colon, and rectum. Mucosal permeability was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) flux across tissue samples mounted in Ussing chambers. RESULTS 5 obese horses and 1 lean horse had evidence of insulin dysregulation, whereas 1 obese and 5 lean horses had no abnormalities in results of the OST. Results for the OST were not available for 1 obese horse. Mucosal transepithelial resistance did not differ in any intestinal segment between obese and lean horses. Obese horses had a significantly higher LPS flux across jejunal mucosa, compared with results for lean horses, but there were no significant differences between obese and lean horses for other intestinal segments. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Obese horses may have had greater paracellular mucosal permeability of jejunal mucosa to LPS, compared with that for lean horses. This finding was consistent with data for the gastrointestinal mucosa of humans and mice and supported the hypothesis that obese horses may be at higher risk from chronic exposure to increased amounts of LPS, compared with the risk for lean horses.
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163
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Hadi A, Sepandi M, Marx W, Moradi S, Parastouei K. Clinical and psychological responses to synbiotic supplementation in obese or overweight adults: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2019; 47:102216. [PMID: 31780038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide. Emerging clinical studies suggest that pre- and pro- biotic formulations may be effective interventions for the management of obesity and associated metabolic complications. The current trial was conducted to assess the effect of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices, glycemic and lipid profile, blood pressure, and psychological status of adults with overweight or obesity. METHODS This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 adults with overweight or obesity. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups to receive either synbiotics (n = 30) in form of a 500 mg capsule (containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei and Bifidobacterium bifidum plus inulin) or placebo (n = 30) for 8 weeks. The level of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), insulin, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), stress, anxiety, and depression were measured at the baseline and end of the study. RESULTS In total, 59 subjects (39 men and 20 women) completed the present study. A significant between-group decrease in body weight (P = 0.03), TC (P = 0.01), TG (P = 0.02), LDL-C (P = 0.01), stress (P < 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.03), and depression (P = 0.03) was found in the synbiotic group compared to the placebo. However, synbiotics had no significant effect on HDL-C, SBP, DBP, FPG and fasting insulin concentrations, as well the BMI and WC (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The present study showed that synbiotic supplementation can confer a number of health benefits including improvements in TG, TC, LDL-C, body weight, stress, anxiety, and depression to subjects that are overweight or obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180201038585N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and food hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and food hygiene, Faculty of Health, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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164
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Short Chain Fatty Acids and Fecal Microbiota Abundance in Humans with Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102512. [PMID: 31635264 PMCID: PMC6835694 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been mixed results regarding the relationship among short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), microbiota, and obesity in human studies. We selected studies that provided data on SCFA levels or fecal microbiota abundance in obese and nonobese individuals and then combined the published estimates using a random-effects meta-analysis. Obese individuals had significantly higher fecal concentrations of acetate (SMD (standardized mean differences) = 0.87, 95% CI (confidence interva) = 0.24-1.50, I2 (I-squared) = 88.5), propionate (SMD = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.35-1.36, I2 = 82.3%), and butyrate (SMD = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.29-1.27, I2 = 81.7%) than nonobese controls. The subgroup analyses showed no evidence of heterogeneity among obese individuals with a BMI >30 kg/m2 (I2 = 0.0%). At the phylum level, the abundance of fecal microbiota was reduced in obese compared to nonobese individuals, but the difference was not statistically significant (Bacteroidetes phylum, SMD = -0.36, 95% CI = -0.73-0.01; Firmicutes phylum, SMD = -0.10, 95% CI = -0.31-0.10). The currently available human case-control studies show that obesity is associated with high levels of SCFA but not gut microbiota richness at the phylum level. Additional well-designed studies with a considerable sample size are needed to clarify whether this association is causal, but it is also necessary to identify additional contributors to SCFA production, absorption, and excretion in humans.
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165
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Katsiki N, Perakakis N, Mantzoros C. Effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Ex quo et quo vadimus? Metabolism 2019; 98:iii-ix. [PMID: 31301336 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Katsiki
- Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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166
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Arias-Jayo N, Abecia L, Lavín JL, Tueros I, Arranz S, Ramírez-García A, Pardo MA. Host-microbiome interactions in response to a high-saturated fat diet and fish-oil supplementation in zebrafish adult. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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167
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Ferreira TDS, Barreto Silva MI, da Costa MS, Pontes KSDS, Castro FG, Antunes VP, Rosina KTDC, Menna Barreto APM, Souza E, Klein MRST. High abdominal adiposity and low phase angle in overweight renal transplant recipients. Clin Transplant 2019; 33:e13654. [PMID: 31241791 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Body mass index (BMI) is the most used parameter for obesity screening. However, the evaluation of CVD risk in overweight individuals should include the assessment of body fat distribution and body composition. Renal transplant recipients (RTR) have a high CVD risk and frequently present weight gain and loss of lean mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate body fat distribution and body composition in overweight RTR. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 86 RTR and 86 hypertensive individuals (comparison group, CG) presenting BMI 25-35 Kg/m2 and 45-70 years. Anthropometric evaluation included BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and a body shape index. Body composition was evaluated with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Glomerular filtration rate was estimated (eGFR) by CKD-EPI equation. RTR group (RTRG) and CG presented similar age and BMI. RTRG when compared to CG presented lower percentage of women and eGFR; higher central adiposity; and lower values of reactance, intracellular water, body cell mass and phase angle, more consistently observed in women. This study suggests that overweight RTR present higher abdominal adiposity and impairment in BIA parameters that are sensitive indicators of impaired membrane integrity, water distribution, and body cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís da Silva Ferreira
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Barreto Silva
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Medeiros Menna Barreto
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Macaé Campus), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edison Souza
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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168
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Anti-Obesity Effects of Dietary Calcium: The Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20123072. [PMID: 31234600 PMCID: PMC6627166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20123072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious health challenge worldwide and is associated with various comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Developing effective strategies to prevent obesity is therefore of paramount importance. One potential strategy to reduce obesity is to consume calcium, which has been implicated to be involved in reducing body weight/fat. In this review, we compile the evidence for the anti-obesity roles of calcium in cells, animals, and humans. In addition, we summarize the possible anti-obesity mechanisms of calcium, including regulation of (a) adipogenesis, (b) fat metabolism, (c) adipocyte (precursor) proliferation and apoptosis, (d) thermogenesis, (e) fat absorption and excretion, and (f) gut microbiota. Although the exact anti-obesity roles of calcium in different subjects and how calcium induces the proposed anti-obesity mechanisms need to be further investigated, the current evidence demonstrates the anti-obesity effects of calcium and suggests the potential application of dietary calcium for prevention of obesity.
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169
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Sánchez M, Sánchez E, Hernández M, González J, Purroy F, Rius F, Pamplona R, Farràs-Sallés C, Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla L, Fernández E, Bermúdez-López M, Salvador J, Salas-Salvadó J, Lecube A. Dissimilar Impact of a Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Anthropometric Indices: A Cross-Sectional Study from the ILERVAS Project. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061359. [PMID: 31212934 PMCID: PMC6627626 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close relationship between lifestyle behaviors and excess adiposity. Although body mass index (BMI) is the most used approach to estimate excess weight, other anthropometric indices have been developed to measure total body and abdominal adiposity. However, little is known about the impact of physical activity and adherence to a Mediterranean diet on these indices. Here we report the results of a cross-sectional study with 6672 middle-aged subjects with low to moderate cardiovascular risk from the Ilerda Vascular (ILERVAS) project. The participants' adherence to physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) and MedDiet (Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener) was evaluated. Measures of total adiposity (BMI, Clínica Universidad de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), and Deurenberg's formula), central adiposity (waist and neck circumferences, conicity index, waist to height ratio, Bonora's equation, A body adiposity index, and body roundness index), and lean body mass (Hume formula) were assessed. Irrespective of sex, lower indices of physical activity were associated with higher values of total body fat and central adiposity. This result was constant regardless of the indices used to estimate adiposity. However, the association between MedDiet and obesity indices was much less marked and more dependent on sex than that observed for physical activity. Lean body mass was influenced by neither physical activity nor MedDiet adherence. No joint effect between physical activity and MedDiet to lower estimated total or central adiposity indices was shown. In conclusion, physical activity is related to lower obesity indices in a large cohort of middle-aged subjects. MedDiet showed a slight impact on estimated anthropometric indices, with no joint effect when considering both lifestyle variables. ClinTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03228459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Enric Sánchez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marta Hernández
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Jessica González
- Respiratory Department, Arnau de Vilanova-Santa María University Hospital, Translational Research in Respiratory Medicine, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesc Purroy
- Stroke Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Clinical Neurosciences Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Ferran Rius
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicina, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Cristina Farràs-Sallés
- Applied Epidemiology Research Group, IRB Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Lleida. Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08006 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Liliana Gutiérrez-Carrasquilla
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Elvira Fernández
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Marcelino Bermúdez-López
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, IRBLleida, RedinRen-ISCIII, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
| | - Javier Salvador
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, University Hospital of Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, 43201 Reus, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism (ODIM) Research Group, IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Pedroso JAB, Ramos-Lobo AM, Donato J. SOCS3 as a future target to treat metabolic disorders. Hormones (Athens) 2019; 18:127-136. [PMID: 30414080 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are a group of eight proteins responsible for preventing excessive cytokine signaling. Among this protein family, SOCS3 has received special attention. SOCS3 expression is important to control certain allergy autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, SOCS3 expression is elevated in obesity and it is involved in the inhibition of leptin and insulin signaling, two important hormones involved in the control of energy metabolism. Therefore, increased SOCS3 expression in obese individuals is associated with several metabolic disorders, including reduced energy expenditure, increased food intake and adiposity, and insulin and leptin resistance. In addition, recent studies found that SOCS3 expression regulates energy and glucose homeostasis in several metabolic conditions, such as pregnancy, caloric restriction, and refeeding. Importantly, attenuation of SOCS3 expression in most cases improves leptin and insulin sensitivity, leading to beneficial metabolic effects. This review aims to discuss the role of SOCS3 in the control of blood glucose levels as well as in energy homeostasis. The development of pharmacological compounds to inhibit SOCS3 activity and/or expression may represent a promising therapeutic approach to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A B Pedroso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Angela M Ramos-Lobo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
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171
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Junior MDF, Cavalcante KVN, Ferreira LA, Lopes PR, Pontes CNR, Bessa ADSMD, Neves ÂR, Francisco FA, Pedrino GR, Xavier CH, Mathias PCDF, Castro CHD, Gomes RM. Postnatal early overfeeding induces cardiovascular dysfunction by oxidative stress in adult male Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 226:173-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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172
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Rodriguez-Lozada C, Cuervo M, Cuevas-Sierra A, Goni L, Riezu-Boj JI, Navas-Carretero S, Milagro FI, Martinez JA. Changes in Anxiety and Depression Traits Induced by Energy Restriction: Predictive Value of the Baseline Status. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061206. [PMID: 31141954 PMCID: PMC6627283 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence proposes diet quality as a modifiable risk factor for mental or emotional impairments. However, additional studies are required to investigate the effect of dietary patterns and weight loss on improving psychological symptoms. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of energy-restriction, prescribed to overweight and obese participants, on anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the potential predictive value of some baseline psychological features on weight loss. Overweight and obese participants (n = 305) were randomly assigned for 16 weeks to two hypocaloric diets with different macronutrient distribution: a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet and a low-fat (LF) diet. Anthropometrical, clinical, psychological, and lifestyle characteristics were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The nutritional intervention evidenced that weight loss has a beneficial effect on trait anxiety score in women (β = 0.24, p = 0.03), depression score in all population (β = 0.15, p = 0.02), particularly in women (β = 0.22, p = 0.03) and in subjects who followed the LF diet (β = 0.22, p = 0.04). Moreover, weight loss could be predicted by anxiety status at baseline, mainly in women and in those who were prescribed a LF diet. This trial suggests that weight loss triggers an improvement in psychological traits, and that anxiety symptoms could predict those volunteers that benefit most from a balanced calorie-restricted intervention, which will contribute to individualized precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rodriguez-Lozada
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Marta Cuervo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leticia Goni
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jose Ignacio Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fermin Ignacio Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición; Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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173
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Okoshi K, Cezar MDM, Polin MAM, Paladino JR, Martinez PF, Oliveira SA, Lima ARR, Damatto RL, Paiva SAR, Zornoff LAM, Okoshi MP. Influence of intermittent fasting on myocardial infarction-induced cardiac remodeling. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:126. [PMID: 31138145 PMCID: PMC6540428 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information on the role of intermittent fasting (IF) on pathologic cardiac remodeling is scarce. We compared the effects of IF before and after myocardial infarction (MI) on rat cardiac remodeling and survival. Methods Wistar rats were intermittently fasted (food available every other day) or fed ad libitum for 12 weeks and then divided into three groups: AL – fed ad libitum; AL/IF - fed AL before MI and IF after MI; and IF – fed IF before and after MI. Echocardiogram was performed before MI and 2 and 12 weeks after surgery. Isolated hearts were evaluated in Langendorff preparations. Results Before surgery, body weight (BW) was lower in IF than AL. Final BW was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL. Perioperative mortality did not change between AL (31.3%) and IF (27.3%). Total mortality was lower in IF than AL. Before surgery, echocardiographic parameters did not differ between groups. Two weeks after surgery, MI size did not differ between groups. Twelve weeks after MI, left ventricular (LV) diastolic posterior wall thickness was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL. The percentage of variation of echocardiographic parameters between twelve and two weeks showed that MI size decreased in all groups and the reduction was higher in IF than AL/IF. In Langendorff preparations, LV volume at zero end-diastolic pressure (V0; AL: 0.41 ± 0.05; AL/IF: 0.34 ± 0.06; IF: 0.28 ± 0.05 mL) and at 25 mmHg end-diastolic pressure (V25; AL: 0.61 ± 0.05; AL/IF: 0.54 ± 0.07; IF: 0.44 ± 0.06 mL) was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL and V25 was lower in IF than AL/IF. V0/BW ratio was lower in IF than AL and LV weight/V0 ratio was higher in IF than AL. Myocyte diameter was lower in AL/IF and IF than AL (AL: 17.3 ± 1.70; AL/IF: 15.1 ± 2.21; IF: 13.4 ± 1.49 μm). Myocardial hydroxyproline concentration and gene expression of ANP, Serca 2a, and α- and β-myosin heavy chain did not differ between groups. Conclusion Intermittent fasting initiated before or after MI reduces myocyte hypertrophy and LV dilation. Myocardial fibrosis and fetal gene expression are not modulated by feeding regimens. Benefit is more evident when intermittent fasting is initiated before rather than after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M D M Cezar
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Itapeva Social and Agrarian Sciences College, FAIT, Itapeva, SP, Brazil
| | - M A M Polin
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - J R Paladino
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - P F Martinez
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva - Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - S A Oliveira
- Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cidade Universitária, Av. Costa e Silva - Pioneiros, Campo Grande, MS, 79070-900, Brazil
| | - A R R Lima
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R L Damatto
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Itapeva Social and Agrarian Sciences College, FAIT, Itapeva, SP, Brazil
| | - S A R Paiva
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L A M Zornoff
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - M P Okoshi
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP, Rubiao Junior, S/N. CEP 18618-687, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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174
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Relationship between DXA measured metrics of adiposity and glucose homeostasis; An analysis of the NHANES data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216900. [PMID: 31116758 PMCID: PMC6530894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a means of determining body composition and body fat distribution at different sites including whole body and trunk–locations where there tends to be high correlation at an individual level. Methods We performed an analysis of DXA-derived metrics of adiposity (truncal fat %,subtotal fat % and total fat %) from the NHANES database and then correlated the findings with markers of insulin resistance. We analyzed the data from DXA scans in NHANES 1999–2004. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance and HOMA-β (beta-cell function) were estimated. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated (ρ) between HOMA-IR,HOMA-β and different measures of obesity (Waist circumference(in cm), Body Mass Index (kg/m2), truncal fat %, subtotal fat % as well as total fat %) to gauge the relationship between markers of glucose homeostasis and DXA derived metrics of obesity. We also performed logarithmic transformation of HOMA-IR as well as HOMA-β to ensure normality of distribution and to meet the criteria for regression analysis. A forward selection model (by outcome and gender) was performed to predict log transformed insulin resistance (log HOMA-IR) as well as log transformed HOMA-β (log HOMA-β,measure of beta cell function) from age, serum triglycerides, HDL, trunk fat % and the SBP (in both males and females separately), after reviewing the spearman correlation coefficients. Results There were a total of 6147 men and 6369 women who were part of the study cohort. There was a positive correlation between markers of adiposity and log HOMA-IR and log HOMA-β in both males and females.Truncal fat % had the highest nonparametric correlation coefficent with log HOMA-IR among the DXA derived fat% (0.54 in males and 048 in females). In the multivariate analysis, truncal fat % was an independent predictor of logHOMA-IR as well as logHOMA-β. In males, the significant predictors of log HOMA-IR were; age, truncal fat % and HDL cholesterol (Adjusted R square of 0.325 (±0.66), F(3,207) = 34.63, p < .01). In females, the significant predictors of log HOMA-IR were; age, truncal fat %, SBP, Serum triglyceride and HDL cholesterol (Adjusted R square of 0.307 (±0.65),F(5,198) = 18.9, p < .01). In both males and females, the significant predictors of log HOMA-β were; age, and truncal fat % (Males; adjusted R square of 0.25 (±0.63), F (2,208) = 36.4, p < .01, Females; adjusted R square of 0.27 (±0.62), F (2,201) = 38.4, p < .01). Conclusions Body fat % on DXA is an imaging biomarker for insulin resistance. Incorporating this important information into DXA acquisitions and reporting frameworks may allow for this information to be available to providers who refer patients for these imaging studies.
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175
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to discuss the current state of surgical intervention for obesity in children and adolescents. Specifically, this review will discuss the different types of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) procedures, guidelines for patient selection, and recent findings regarding surgical outcomes and complications. RECENT FINDINGS MBS is safe in adolescents and has also demonstrated sustainable long term weight loss and improvement in obesity-associated comorbidities. A recent prospective multi-institutional trial demonstrated BMI reductions of 3.8 kg/m2 (8%) to 15.1 kg/m2 (28%) after 3 years among adolescents undergoing the three most common MBS procedures. Moreover, MBS is associated with remission of type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormal kidney function in 65-95% of patients in the study. Childhood and adolescent obesity is a continuing problem that has not been adequately addressed by the medical community. MBS is currently the most successful strategy for significant and sustained weight loss and improvement of associated comorbidities. This review focuses on the different types of MBS, the selection and preparation of patients for surgery, and the expected outcomes and common complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Thenappan
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA.
| | - Evan Nadler
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
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176
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Arredouani A, Diane A, Khattab N, Bensmail I, Aoude I, Chikri M, Mohammad R, Abou-Samra AB, Dehbi M. DNAJB3 attenuates metabolic stress and promotes glucose uptake by eliciting Glut4 translocation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4772. [PMID: 30886231 PMCID: PMC6423224 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of the heat shock response is a key event that leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We recently showed that DNAJB3 co-chaperone is downregulated in obese and diabetic patients and that physical exercise restores its normal expression with a significant improvement of the clinical outcomes. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, DNAJB3 has a role in improving the sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake. In co-immunoprecipitation assays, DNAJB3 interacts with both JNK1 and IKKβ kinases. However, the functional impact of such interaction on their activities has not been investigated. Here, we assessed the effect of DNAJB3 on the respective activity of JNK1 and IKKβ in cell-based assays. Using JNK1- and IKKβ-dependent luciferase reporters, we show a marked decrease in luciferase activity by DNAJB3 in response to PMA and TNF-α that was consistent with a decrease in the translocation of p65/NF-κB to the nucleus in response to LPS. Furthermore, TNF-α-mediated IL-6 promoter activation and endogenous mRNA expression are significantly abrogated by DNAJB3 both in 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells. The ability of DNAJB3 to mitigate ER stress and oxidative stress was also investigated and our data show a significant improvement of both forms of stress. Finally, we examined the effect of overexpressing and knocking down the expression of DNAJB3 on glucose uptake in C2C12 as well as the molecular determinants. Accordingly, we provide evidence for a role of DNAJB3 in promoting both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Our finding reveals also a novel role of DNAJB3 in eliciting Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane. These results suggest a physiological role of DNAJB3 in mitigating metabolic stress and improving glucose homeostasis and could therefore represent a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Namat Khattab
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Imad Aoude
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Chikri
- Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fes, Morocco
| | - Ramzi Mohammad
- The Interim Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Karmanos Cancer Institute, Department Of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Abdul Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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177
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Avgerinos KI, Spyrou N, Mantzoros CS, Dalamaga M. Obesity and cancer risk: Emerging biological mechanisms and perspectives. Metabolism 2019; 92:121-135. [PMID: 30445141 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuously rising trends in obesity-related malignancies render this disease spectrum a public health priority. Worldwide, the burden of cancer attributable to obesity, expressed as population attributable fraction, is 11.9% in men and 13.1% in women. There is convincing evidence that excess body weight is associated with an increased risk for cancer of at least 13 anatomic sites, including endometrial, esophageal, renal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas; hepatocellular carcinoma; gastric cardia cancer; meningioma; multiple myeloma; colorectal, postmenopausal breast, ovarian, gallbladder and thyroid cancers. We first synopsize current epidemiologic evidence; the obesity paradox in cancer risk and mortality; the role of weight gain and weight loss in the modulation of cancer risk; reliable somatometric indicators for obesity and cancer research; and gender differences in obesity related cancers. We critically summarize emerging biological mechanisms linking obesity to cancer encompassing insulin resistance and abnormalities of the IGF-I system and signaling; sex hormones biosynthesis and pathway; subclinical chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; alterations in adipokine pathophysiology; factors deriving from ectopic fat deposition; microenvironment and cellular perturbations including vascular perturbations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, endoplasmic reticulum stress and migrating adipose progenitor cells; disruption of circadian rhythms; dietary nutrients; factors with potential significance such as the altered intestinal microbiome; and mechanic factors in obesity and cancer. Future perspectives regarding prevention, diagnosis and therapeutics are discussed. The aim of this review is to investigate how the interplay of these main potential mechanisms and risk factors, exerts their effects on target tissues provoking them to acquire a cancerous phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, Kanellopoulou 3, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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178
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Nicoletti CF, Delfino HBP, Ferreira FC, Pinhel MADS, Nonino CB. Role of eating disorders-related polymorphisms in obesity pathophysiology. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2019; 20:115-125. [PMID: 30924001 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-019-09489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human biological system provides innumerable neuroendocrine inputs for food intake control, with effects on appetite's modulation and the satiety signs. Its regulation is very complex, engaging several molecular interactions with many tissues, hormones, and neural circuits. Thus, signaling molecules that control food intake are critical for normal energy homeostasis and a deregulation of these pathways can lead to eating disorders and obesity. In line of this, genetic factors have a significantly influence of the regulation of neural circuits controlling the appetite and satiety pathways, as well as the regulation of brain reward systems. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to hypothalamic appetite and satiety mechanisms, further in multiple neurotransmitter systems may contribute to the development of major Eating Disorders (EDs) related to obesity, among them Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN), which are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira Nicoletti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Flávia Campos Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcela Augusta de Souza Pinhel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratory of Studies in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Barbosa Nonino
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School - FMRP/USP - Laboratory of Nutrigenomic Studies, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
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179
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Wang N, Zhao TT, Li SM, Sun X, Li ZC, Li YH, Li DS, Wang WF. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Exerts its Anti-inflammatory Effects on Multiple Cell Types of Adipose Tissue in Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:399-408. [PMID: 30703283 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related, chronic, low-grade inflammation has been identified as a key factor in the development of many metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Adipocytes, preadipocytes, and macrophages have been implicated in initiating inflammation in adipose tissue. This study aims to investigate the effects of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) on obesity-related inflammation and its mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Monosodium glutamate (MSG) was used to induce obesity in mice and subsequently treated the mice with or without FGF-21. Primary adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells were isolated from MSG-obesity mice for additional experiments. RESULTS Results obtained by ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that FGF-21 efficiently ameliorated obesity-related inflammation in MSG-obesity mice. This study demonstrated that preadipocytes and adipocytes responded to anti-inflammatory effects of FGF-21. In vitro, 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes lacking β-klotho did not respond to FGF-21 under glucose uptake. Interestingly, the treatment of 3 T3-L1 preadipocytes with FGF-21 significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that FGF-21-induced glucose uptake and FGF-21-related anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by different signaling pathways. Moreover, FGF-21 showed anti-inflammatory effects on preadipocytes; these effects are mediated by the fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Aier Eye Hospital Group, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Ming Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xu Sun
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Zi-Cheng Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - De-Shan Li
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen-Fei Wang
- School of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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180
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Koliaki C, Liatis S, Kokkinos A. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: revisiting an old relationship. Metabolism 2019; 92:98-107. [PMID: 30399375 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of clinical and epidemiological evidence has linked obesity to a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, stroke, atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Obesity can increase CVD morbidity and mortality directly and indirectly. Direct effects are mediated by obesity-induced structural and functional adaptations of the cardiovascular system to accommodate excess body weight, as well as by adipokine effects on inflammation and vascular homeostasis. Indirect effects are mediated by co-existing CVD risk factors such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Adipose tissue (AT) quality and functionality are more relevant aspects for cardiometabolic risk than its total amount. The consequences of maladaptive AT expansion in obesity are local and systemic: the local include inflammation, hypoxia, dysregulated adipokine secretion and impaired mitochondrial function; the systemic comprise insulin resistance, abnormal glucose/lipid metabolism, hypertension, a pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic state and endothelial dysfunction, all of which provide linking mechanisms for the association between obesity and CVD. The present narrative review summarizes the major pathophysiological links between obesity and CVD (traditional and novel concepts), analyses the heterogeneity of obesity-related cardiometabolic consequences, and provides an overview of the cardiovascular impact of weight loss interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysi Koliaki
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Liatis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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181
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Effect of an individualised high-protein, energy-restricted diet on anthropometric and cardio-metabolic parameters in overweight and obese Malaysian adults: a 6-month randomised controlled study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:1002-1017. [PMID: 30761964 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the Hipcref (high-protein, energy-restricted, high-vitamin E and high-fibre) diet in Malaysian adults on body composition and metabolic parameters after an intervention period of 6 months. Overweight/obese Malaysian adults (n 128; BMI≥23 kg/m2) were randomised to the Hipcref (n 65) or control diet (n 63). The intervention group received Hipcref diet charts based on their personal preferences. The control group followed a generalised dietary advice based on Malaysian Dietary Guidelines, 2010. All participants were responsible for preparing their own meals. There was a significant treatment group×time effect on anthropometric parameters (P<0·05) on an intention-to-treat basis. Pairwise comparisons revealed that Hipcref diet participants had significant reduction in weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and percentage body fat at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline (P<0·001). The control group had significant increase in weight and BMI at months 3 and 6 compared with baseline (P<0·05). The Hipcref diet group had higher reduction in fasting insulin, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein levels compared with the control group at month 6 (P<0·05). Post-intervention, compared with the control group, the Hipcref diet group was found to consume significantly higher percentage energy from protein, and PUFA, higher energy-adjusted vitamin E (mg) and fibre (g), and lower total energy, lower percentage energy from fat and carbohydrate (P<0·05). The success of the Hipcref diet on overweight/obese Malaysian adults may be due to the combined effect of the nutrient composition of the Hipcref diet.
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182
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Papathanasiou AE, Nolen-Doerr E, Farr OM, Mantzoros CS. GEOFFREY HARRIS PRIZE LECTURE 2018: Novel pathways regulating neuroendocrine function, energy homeostasis and metabolism in humans. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:R59-R71. [PMID: 30475221 PMCID: PMC6378110 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin, an adipocyte-secreted hormone, set the stage for unraveling the mechanisms dictating energy homeostasis, revealing adipose tissue as an endocrine system that regulates appetite and body weight. Fluctuating leptin levels provide molecular signals to the brain regarding available energy reserves modulating energy homeostasis and neuroendocrine response in states of leptin deficiency and to a lesser extent in hyperleptinemic states. While leptin replacement therapy fails to provide substantial benefit in common obesity, it is an effective treatment for congenital leptin deficiency and states of acquired leptin deficiency such as lipodystrophy. Current evidence suggests that regulation of eating behavior in humans is not limited to homeostatic mechanisms and that the reward, attention, memory and emotion systems are involved, participating in a complex central nervous system network. It is critical to study these systems for the treatment of typical obesity. Although progress has been made, further studies are required to unravel the physiology, pathophysiology and neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying potential treatments for weight-related problems in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Nolen-Doerr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Olivia M. Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Christos S. Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
- Address correspondence to: Christos Mantzoros, MD, DSc, PhD h.c. mult., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, ST820, Boston, MA 02215, Phone: 617-667-1510,
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183
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Izquierdo AG, Crujeiras AB. Obesity-Related Epigenetic Changes After Bariatric Surgery. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:232. [PMID: 31040824 PMCID: PMC6476922 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, an increasing number of studies have begun focusing on epigenetics as a link between environmental factors and a greater predisposition to the development of obesity and its comorbidities. An important challenge in this field is the evaluation of the possibility of the reversal of obesity-related epigenetic marks by means of therapy to induce weight loss and if the beneficial effects of therapy in reducing obesity are mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. We aimed to offer an outline of the current results regarding to the impact of bariatric surgery on epigenetic regulation, as well as to show if the beneficial effect of this intervention could be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. Methods: A review of the scientific publications in PubMed was performed by using key words related to obesity, epigenetics and bariatric surgery to provide an update of recent findings in this area of research. The most relevant and recently published articles and abstracts were selected to frame this review. Results: Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of differential DNA methylation after bariatric surgery and the differential expression of non-coding RNAs. Therefore, epigenetic regulation could mediate the benefit of bariatric surgery on body weight and the metabolic disturbances associated with excess body weight, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. This evidence is relatively new as epigenetic regulation was first evaluated in the obesity field only a few years ago. However, there is an urgent need to perform longitudinal studies to evaluate the capacity of epigenetic marks in the prediction of bariatric surgery response. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery appears to be capable of partially reversing the obesity-related epigenome. The identification of potential epigenetic biomarkers predictive for the success of bariatric surgery may open new doors to personalized therapy for severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Ana B. Crujeiras
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184
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Brock JL, Kamath AF. Obesity and racial characteristics drive utilization of total joint arthroplasty at a younger age. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2019; 10:334-339. [PMID: 30828204 PMCID: PMC6383077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing public health problem. Obesity increases the risk of requiring total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of obesity on the propensity for TJA in patients at our institution. We hypothesized that obese patients would be younger and more likely to be races other than non-Hispanic whites when compared to a normal weight cohort. METHODS 568 consecutive patients undergoing primary TJA were reviewed. Demographic data and World Health Organization Body Mass Index (BMI) class were compared statistically, with age at time of TJA used as the main outcome of interest. RESULTS The average age at TKA was 68.3 years, while the average age at THA was 67.5 years (p = 0.447 between procedure groups). Increased BMI class was associated with decreased age at TJA: normal weight patients were 12.2 and 11.4 years older than class III obese patients at the time of TKA and THA, respectively (p < 0.001). Among TKA patients, obese patients, when compared to non-obese patients, were significantly less likely to be non-Hispanic whites (p = 0.016). Among THA patients, class III obese patients were significantly less likely to be non-Hispanic whites (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Obesity is a risk factor for both TKA and THA at a younger age. For patients in the study, for each unit increase in BMI, the age at TKA decreased by 0.56 years and age at THA decreased by 0.52 years. Obese patients were less likely to be non-Hispanic whites than normal weight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Logan Brock
- Perelman School of Medicine, Jordan Medical Education Center, 5th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Atul F. Kamath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Pennsylvania Hospital, 800 Spruce Street, 8th Floor Preston, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States,Corresponding author.
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185
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Wu T, Xu J, Chen Y, Liu R, Zhang M. Oolong tea polysaccharide and polyphenols prevent obesity development in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1599. [PMID: 30622452 PMCID: PMC6303733 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have evaluated the effects of oolong tea extracts on obesity. However, only few studies focused on the anti-obesity effect of specific components of oolong tea. Objective This study investigated the specific anti-obesity capabilities of oolong tea polysaccharide (TPS) and tea polyphenols (TPP) in high-fat diet-induced Sprague–Dawley rats. Methods Oolong tea water extract, TPS, TPP, and polysaccharide mixed with polyphenol (TPSM) given at doses of 400 or 800 mg/kg were administered to rats fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks to explore the anti-obesity effects of the treatments. Results TPS and TPP were responsible for the suppressive effect on body fat accumulation. TPSM exhibited the highest effect on body weight reduction, and TPS and TPP effectively reduced serum leptin levels and significantly improved blood lipid and antioxidant levels. Moreover, microarray analysis of hepatic and adipose gene expression profiles revealed that TPP and TPS inhibited obesity through effects on the pathways of fatty acid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid elongation, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Conclusions TPSM might be a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinling Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Food Safety & Low Carbon Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, Tianjin, China
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186
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Yang H, Xiang Y, Robinson K, Wang J, Zhang G, Zhao J, Xiao Y. Gut Microbiota Is a Major Contributor to Adiposity in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3045. [PMID: 30619136 PMCID: PMC6296290 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different breeds of pigs vary greatly in their propensity for adiposity. Gut microbiota is known to play an important role in modulating host physiology including fat metabolism. However, the relative contribution of gut microbiota to lipogenic characteristics of pigs remains elusive. In this study, we transplanted fecal microbiota of adult Jinhua and Landrace pigs, two breeds of pigs with distinct lipogenic phenotypes, to antibiotic-treated mice. Our results indicated that, 4 weeks after fecal transplantation, the mice receiving Jinhua pigs' "obese" microbiota (JM) exhibited a different intestinal bacterial community structure from those receiving Landrace pigs' "lean" microbiota (LM). Notably, an elevated ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and a significant diminishment of Akkermansia were observed in JM mice relative to LM mice. Importantly, mouse recipients resembled their respective porcine donors in many of the lipogenic characteristics. Similar to Jinhua pig donors, JM mice had elevated lipid and triglyceride levels and the lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver. Enhanced expression of multiple key lipogenic genes and reduced angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA expression were also observed in JM mice, relative to those in LM mice. These results collectively suggested that gut microbiota of Jinhua pigs is more capable of enhancing lipogenesis than that of Landrace pigs. Transferability of the lipogenic phenotype across species further indicated that gut microbiota plays a major role in contributing to adiposity in pigs. Manipulation of intestinal microbiota will, therefore, have a profound impact on altering host metabolism and adipogenesis, with an important implication in the treatment of human overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, China
| | - Kelsy Robinson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Junjun Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yingping Xiao
- Institute of Quality and Standards for Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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187
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Park SY, Kim WJ. A Study of Fecal Calprotectin in Obese Children and Adults. J Obes Metab Syndr 2018; 27:233-237. [PMID: 31089568 PMCID: PMC6513304 DOI: 10.7570/jomes.2018.27.4.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex, medical condition causally contributing to many chronic diseases and a number of efforts have been made to find the associated markers for novel prevention and treatment of obesity. Our study was to evaluate the relationship between gut immune response and obesity and overweight with use of fecal calprotectin (FC) both in adult and children groups. METHODS Fecal samples were obtained from 74 subjects: 14 non-obese and overweight children (PN), 13 obese and overweight children (PO), 20 non-obese and overweight adults (AN), and 27 obese and overweight adults (AO). FC was measured using a commercial Legend Max quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BioLegend). Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Median FC concentration was 7.9 μg/g (range, 1.9-28.9 μg/g) for PN, 5.0 μg/g (range, 2.6-29.6 μg/g) for PO, 9.5 μg/g (range, 0.8-28.9 μg/g) for AN, and 10.0 μg/g (range, 1.6-25.6 μg/g) for AO, respectively. In both adults and children age groups, the FC showed no statistically significant difference between AO and AN or PO and PN. However, FC showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between AO and PO while not significant between AN and PN. CONCLUSION FC level in AO was significantly higher than that in PO, suggestive of different pathophysiologic mechanism between children obesity and adults obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cheju Halla University, Jeju,
Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju,
Korea
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188
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Wu T, Yang L, Guo X, Zhang M, Liu R, Sui W. Raspberry anthocyanin consumption prevents diet-induced obesity by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Food Funct 2018; 9:2112-2120. [PMID: 29632909 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that raspberries have beneficial effects on chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the beneficial effects of raspberry anthocyanin (RA) on high fat diet-induced obesity and investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. C57BL/6 mice were administered a low-fat diet, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet supplemented with RA at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 of food for 12 weeks. It was found that RA reduced the body weight gain by 63.7%. Furthermore, RA significantly elevated serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and fecal butyric acid level, remarkably reduced the serum and hepatic lipid profiles, and markedly down-regulated the expression of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) genes. Metabolomics analysis conducted using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) indicated that RA administration promoted the recovery of metabolites involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism, insulin signaling pathway, and glutathione metabolism in the livers of obese mice. These findings suggest that RA may ameliorate diet-induced obesity by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Tianjin 300457, China.
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189
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Effect of A Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Food and Alcohol Cravings, Physical and Sexual Activity, Sleep Disturbances, and Quality of Life in Obese Patients. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101348. [PMID: 30241426 PMCID: PMC6213862 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being and hunger and food control are two relevant factors involved in the success of weight-loss therapy in treating obesity. Thus, this study aims to evaluate food and alcohol cravings, physical and sexual activity, sleep, and life quality (QoL) in obese patients following a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet, as well as the role of weight lost and ketosis on these parameters. A battery of psychological test was performed in twenty obese patients (12 females, 47.2 ± 10.2 year and BMI of 35.5 ± 4.4) through the course of a 4-month VLCK diet on four subsequent visits: baseline, maximum ketosis, reduced ketosis, and endpoint. Each subject acted as their own control. Relevantly, the dietary-induced changes in body composition (7.7 units of BMI lost, 18 kg of fat mass (1.2 kg of visceral fat mass)) were associated with a statistically significant improvement in food craving scores, physical activity, sleepiness, and female sexual function. Overall, these results also translated in a notable enhancement in QoL of the treated obese patients. Therefore, the rapid and sustained weight and fat mass (FM) loss induced by the VLCK diet is associated with good food control and improvements in the psychological well-being parameters in obese subjects, which could contribute to the long-term success of this therapy.
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190
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Ghanemi A, St-Amand J. Redefining obesity toward classifying as a disease. Eur J Intern Med 2018; 55:20-22. [PMID: 29807850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- CREMI, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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191
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Tran T, Yang J, Gardner J, Xiong Y. GDF15 deficiency promotes high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201584. [PMID: 30070999 PMCID: PMC6072047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of recombinant growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) proteins reduces body weight in obese rodents and primates. Paradoxically, circulating GDF15 levels are increased in obesity. To investigate the role of endogenous GDF15 in obesity development, we put GDF15 knockout mice and wildtype controls on high fat diet for the mice to develop diet-induced obesity. Compared to wildtype animals, GDF15 knockout mice were more prone to high fat diet-induced obesity. Male knockout mice showed worse glucose tolerance, lower locomotor activity and lower metabolic rate than wildtype mice. Additionally, GDF15 deficiency increased occurrences of high fat diet-induced skin lesions. Our data suggests that endogenous GDF15 has a protective role in obesity development and lack of GDF15 aggravates the progression of obesity and associated pathological conditions. Elevated GDF15 levels in obesity may have resulted from a response to overcome GDF15 resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanhvien Tran
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jingping Yang
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonitha Gardner
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Yumei Xiong
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Disorders; Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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192
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Vargas S, Romance R, Petro JL, Bonilla DA, Galancho I, Espinar S, Kreider RB, Benítez-Porres J. Efficacy of ketogenic diet on body composition during resistance training in trained men: a randomized controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:31. [PMID: 29986720 PMCID: PMC6038311 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0236-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets (KD) have become a popular method of promoting weight loss. More recently, some have recommended that athletes adhere to ketogenic diets in order to optimize changes in body composition during training. This study evaluated the efficacy of an 8-week ketogenic diet (KD) during energy surplus and resistance training (RT) protocol on body composition in trained men. METHODS Twenty-four healthy men (age 30 ± 4.7 years; weight 76.7 ± 8.2 kg; height 174.3 ± 19.7 cm) performed an 8-week RT program. Participants were randomly assigned to a KD group (n = 9), non-KD group (n = 10, NKD), and control group (n = 5, CG) in hyperenergetic condition. Body composition changes were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Compliance with the ketosis state was monitored by measuring urinary ketones weekly. Data were analyzed using a univariate, multivariate and repeated measures general linear model (GLM) statistics. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in fat mass (mean change, 95% CI; p-value; Cohen's d effect size [ES]; - 0.8 [- 1.6, - 0.1] kg; p < 0.05; ES = - 0.46) and visceral adipose tissue (- 96.5 [- 159.0, - 34.0] g; p < 0.05; ES = - 0.84), while no significant changes were observed in the NKD and CG in fat mass (- 0,5 [- 1.2, 0.3] kg; p > 0.05; ES = - 0.17 and - 0,5 [- 2.4, 1.3] kg; p > 0.05; ES = - 0.12, respectively) or visceral adipose tissue (- 33.8 [- 90.4, 22.8]; p > 0.5; ES = - 0.17 and 1.7 [- 133.3, 136.7]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.01, respectively). No significant increases were observed in total body weight (- 0.9 [- 2.3, 0.6]; p > 0.05; ES = [- 0.18]) and muscle mass (- 0.1 [- 1.1,1.0]; p > 0,05; ES = - 0.04) in the KD group, but the NKD group showed increases in these parameters (0.9 [0.3, 1.5] kg; p < 0.05; ES = 0.18 and (1.3[0.5, 2.2] kg; p < 0,05; ES = 0.31, respectively). There were no changes neither in total body weight nor lean body mass (0.3 [- 1.2, 1.9]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.05 and 0.8 [- 0.4, 2.1]; p > 0.05; ES = 0.26, respectively) in the CG. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a KD might be an alternative dietary approach to decrease fat mass and visceral adipose tissue without decreasing lean body mass; however, it might not be useful to increase muscle mass during positive energy balance in men undergoing RT for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Vargas
- EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Málaga, Spain. .,Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Ramón Romance
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jorge L Petro
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Diego A Bonilla
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Richard B Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Javier Benítez-Porres
- Human Kinetics and Body Composition Laboratory, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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193
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Wu T, Gao Y, Guo X, Zhang M, Gong L. Blackberry and Blueberry Anthocyanin Supplementation Counteract High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation and Accelerating Energy Expenditure. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4051232. [PMID: 30057677 PMCID: PMC6051031 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4051232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many studies indicate that an anthocyanin-rich diet has beneficial effects preventing metabolic disease. In the present study, the molecular mechanism underlying the antiobesity effect of consuming blackberry anthocyanins (BLA) and blueberry anthocyanins (BBA) was investigated in high-fat-diet- (HFD-) fed C57BL/6 mice. Sixty mice were administered a low-fat diet (LFD), a HFD, or a HFD plus orlistat, and BLA or BBA in their daily food for 12 weeks. As a result, the consumption of BLA and BBA inhibited body weight gain by 40.5% and 55.4%, respectively, in HFD-fed mice. The BLA and BBA treatments markedly reduced serum and hepatic lipid levels and significantly increased hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities. In addition, the treatments effectively increased fecal acetate and butyrate levels and significantly attenuated expression of tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, interleukin-6, and nuclear factor-kappaB genes. Moreover, gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectroscopy results suggested that BLA and BBA significantly affected the hepatic lipid and glucose metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the insulin-signaling pathway. Therefore, BLA and BBA ameliorated diet-induced obesity by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation and accelerating energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xueqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University, Beijing, China
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194
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Pratt JSA, Browne A, Browne NT, Bruzoni M, Cohen M, Desai A, Inge T, Linden BC, Mattar SG, Michalsky M, Podkameni D, Reichard KW, Stanford FC, Zeller MH, Zitsman J. ASMBS pediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery guidelines, 2018. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2018; 14:882-901. [PMID: 30077361 PMCID: PMC6097871 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2018.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Pediatric Committee updated their evidence-based guidelines published in 2012, performing a comprehensive literature search (2009-2017) with 1387 articles and other supporting evidence through February 2018. The significant increase in data supporting the use of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) in adolescents since 2012 strengthens these guidelines from prior reports. Obesity is recognized as a disease; treatment of severe obesity requires a life-long multidisciplinary approach with combinations of lifestyle changes, nutrition, medications, and MBS. We recommend using modern definitions of severe obesity in children with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age- and sex-matched growth charts defining class II obesity as 120% of the 95th percentile and class III obesity as 140% of the 95th percentile. Adolescents with class II obesity and a co-morbidity (listed in the guidelines), or with class III obesity should be considered for MBS. Adolescents with cognitive disabilities, a history of mental illness or eating disorders that are treated, immature bone growth, or low Tanner stage should not be denied treatment. MBS is safe and effective in adolescents; given the higher risk of adult obesity that develops in childhood, MBS should not be withheld from adolescents when severe co-morbidities, such as depressed health-related quality of life score, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis exist. Early intervention can reduce the risk of persistent obesity as well as end organ damage from long standing co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janey S A Pratt
- Lucille Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California.
| | - Allen Browne
- Diplomate American Board of Obesity Medicine Falmouth, Maine
| | - Nancy T Browne
- WOW Pediatric Weight Management Clinic, EMMC, Orono, Maine
| | - Matias Bruzoni
- Lucille Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California
| | - Megan Cohen
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | - Thomas Inge
- University of Colorado, Denver and Children's Hospital of Colorado Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bradley C Linden
- Pediatric Surgical Associates and Allina Health Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Samer G Mattar
- Swedish Weight Loss Services Swedish Medical Center Seattle, Washington
| | - Marc Michalsky
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio
| | - David Podkameni
- Banner Gateway Medical Center and University of Arizona Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Kirk W Reichard
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Fatima Cody Stanford
- Diplomate American Board of Obesity Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Meg H Zeller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey Zitsman
- Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NY Presbyterian and Columbia University Medical Center New York, New York
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195
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Dickerson RN. Metabolic support challenges with obesity during critical illness. Nutrition 2018; 57:24-31. [PMID: 30153576 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adiposity-based chronic disease, critical illness, and nutrition therapy increase the risk for overfeeding and worsened nutritional and clinical outcomes. Hypocaloric, high-protein nutrition therapy provides critically ill obese patients the opportunity to achieve net protein anabolism with a reduced risk for overfeeding-related complications. The intent of this review is to discuss the impact of obesity on clinical outcomes, describe the consequences of obesity that increase complications associated with nutrition therapy, provide the framework to develop a hypocaloric, high-protein regimen, review the scientific evidence to support this mode of therapy, and discuss its limitations. Practical suggestions for patient monitoring are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland N Dickerson
- College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.
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196
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Xu P, Werner JU, Milerski S, Hamp CM, Kuzenko T, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, de Roy L, Warnecke D, Abaei A, Palmer A, Huber-Lang M, Dürselen L, Rasche V, Schürmann A, Wabitsch M, Knippschild U. Diet-Induced Obesity Affects Muscle Regeneration After Murine Blunt Muscle Trauma-A Broad Spectrum Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 29922174 PMCID: PMC5996306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle affects millions of people worldwide. The underlying regenerative process however, is a very complex mechanism, time-wise highly coordinated, and subdivided in an initial inflammatory, a regenerative and a remodeling phase. Muscle regeneration can be impaired by several factors, among them diet-induced obesity (DIO). In order to evaluate if obesity negatively affects healing processes after trauma, we utilized a blunt injury approach to damage the extensor iliotibialis anticus muscle on the left hind limb of obese and normal weight C57BL/6J without showing any significant differences in force input between normal weight and obese mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the injury and regeneration process revealed edema formation and hemorrhage exudate in muscle tissue of normal weight and obese mice. In addition, morphological analysis of physiological changes revealed tissue necrosis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and fibrosis formation in the damaged muscle tissue. Regeneration was delayed in muscles of obese mice, with a higher incidence of fibrosis formation due to hampered expression levels of genes involved in ECM organization. Furthermore, a detailed molecular fingerprint in different stages of muscle regeneration underlined a delay or even lack of a regenerative response to injury in obese mice. A time-lapse heatmap determined 81 differentially expressed genes (DEG) with at least three hits in our model at all-time points, suggesting key candidates with a high impact on muscle regeneration. Pathway analysis of the DEG revealed five pathways with a high confidence level: myeloid leukocyte migration, regulation of tumor necrosis factor production, CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation, ECM organization, and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Moreover, changes in complement-, Wnt-, and satellite cell-related genes were found to be impaired in obese animals after trauma. Furthermore, histological satellite cell evaluation showed lower satellite cell numbers in the obese model upon injury. Ankrd1, C3ar1, Ccl8, Mpeg1, and Myog expression levels were also verified by qPCR. In summary, increased fibrosis formation, the reduction of Pax7+ satellite cells as well as specific changes in gene expression and signaling pathways could explain the delay of tissue regeneration in obese mice post trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Werner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Milerski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carmen M Hamp
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kuzenko
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luisa de Roy
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Warnecke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Hospital for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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197
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Shah SN, Digenis-Bury E, Russo ET, O'Malley S, Blanding N, McHugh A, Wada R. No-cost gym visits are associated with lower weight and blood pressure among non-Latino black and Latino participants with a diagnosis of hypertension in a multi-site demonstration project. Prev Med Rep 2018; 10:66-71. [PMID: 29520336 PMCID: PMC5842286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Well documented, persistent racial/ethnic health disparities in obesity and hypertension in the US demonstrate the continued need for interventions that focus on people of color who may be at higher risk. We evaluated a demonstration project funded by the CDC's Racial/Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) program at four federally qualified health centers (FQHC) and YMCA fitness and wellness centers in Boston. No-cost YMCA memberships were offered from June 2014 to June 2015 to non-Latino black and Latino adults with a diagnosis of hypertension. YMCA visit data were merged with health data for 224 participants (n = 1265 health center visits). We assessed associations between gym visit frequency and weight, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) using longitudinal time-varying linear fixed-effects models. The total number of gym visits over the entire program duration was 5.5, while the conditional total number of visits (after the first gym visit has been made) was 17.3. Having visited the gym at least 10 times before an FQHC exam was, on average, associated with lower weight (1.19 kg, p = 0.01), lower BMI (0.43 kg/m2, p = 0.01) and reductions in SBP (-3.20 mm Hg, p = 0.01) and DBP (-2.06 mm Hg p = 0.01). Having visited the gym an average of 1.4 times per month (study average) was associated with reductions in weight, BMI, and DBP. No-cost gym visits were associated with improved weight and blood pressure in hypertensive non-Latino black and Latino adults in this program. Additional evaluation is necessary to assess the sustainability of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehal N. Shah
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, 850 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02116, United States
| | - Eleni Digenis-Bury
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Elizabeth T. Russo
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Shannon O'Malley
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Nineequa Blanding
- Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Division, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Anne McHugh
- Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Division, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Roy Wada
- Research and Evaluation Office, Boston Public Health Commission, 1010 Massachusetts Ave, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02118, United States
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198
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Tung YC, Chang WT, Li S, Wu JC, Badmeav V, Ho CT, Pan MH. Citrus peel extracts attenuated obesity and modulated gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Food Funct 2018; 9:3363-3373. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo02066j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and hydroxyl PMFs (HOPMFs) are mainly found in citrus peel and have shown anti-obesity potential in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Tung
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Chang
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains; Huanggang Normal University
- Huanggang
- China
| | - Jia-Ching Wu
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science
- Rutgers University
- New Brunswick
- USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research
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