151
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Chen Y, Chen R, Chen Y, Dong X, Zhu J, Liu C, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Li H, Kan H, Jiang Q, Fu C. The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and constituents on mortality in rural East China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130740. [PMID: 34162086 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) and its chemical constituents with mortality risk in rural China. We conducted a 12-year prospective study of 28,793 adults in rural Deqing, China from 2006 to 2018. Annual mean PM2.5 and its constituents, including black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), and soil dust were measured at participants' addresses at enrollment from a satellite-based exposure predicting model. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of long-term exposure to PM2.5 for mortality. A total of 1960 deaths were identified during the follow-up. We found PM2.5, BC, OC, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- were significantly associated with an increased risk of non-accidental mortality. The HR for non-accidental mortality was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.28) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. As for constituents, the strongest association was found for BC (HR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.33), followed by NO3-, NH4+, SO42-, and OC (HR = 1.14-1.17 per interquartile range). A non-linear relationship was found between PM2.5 and non-accidental mortality. Similar associations were found for cardio-cerebrovascular and cancer mortality. Associations were stronger among men and ever smokers. Conclusively, we found long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical constituents (especially BC and NO3-) increased mortality risk. Our results suggested the importance of adopting effective targeted emission control to improve air quality for health protection in rural East China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Xiaolian Dong
- Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deqing, 313299, China
| | - Jianfu Zhu
- Deqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Deqing, 313299, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Huichu Li
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Qingwu Jiang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaowei Fu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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152
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Morton S, Honda T, Zimmerman E, Kirwa K, Huerta-Montanez G, Martens A, Hines M, Ondras M, Eum KD, Cordero JF, Alshawabekeh A, Suh HH. Non-nutritive suck and airborne metal exposures among Puerto Rican infants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148008. [PMID: 34082200 PMCID: PMC8295239 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution has been shown to impact multiple measures of neurodevelopment in young children. Its effects on particularly vulnerable populations, such as ethnic minorities, however, is less studied. To address this gap in the literature, we assess the associations between infant non-nutritive suck (NNS), an early indicator of central nervous system integrity, and air pollution exposures in Puerto Rico. Among infants aged 0-3 months enrolled in the Center for Research on Early Childhood Exposure and Development (CRECE) cohort from 2017 to 2019, we examined associations between exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its components on infant NNS in Puerto Rico. NNS was assessed using a pacifier attached to a pressure transducer, allowing for real-time visualization of NNS amplitude, frequency, duration, cycles/burst, cycles/min and bursts/min. These data were linked to 9-month average prenatal concentrations of PM2.5 and components, measured at three community monitoring sites. We used linear regression to examine the PM2.5-NNS association in single pollutant models, controlling for infant sex, maternal age, gestational age, and season of birth in base and additionally for household smoke exposure, age at testing, and NNS duration in full models. Among 198 infants, the average NNS amplitude and burst duration was 17.1 cmH2O and 6.1 s, respectively. Decreased NNS amplitude was consistently and significantly associated with 9-month average exposure to sulfur (-1.026 ± 0.507), zinc (-1.091 ± 0.503), copper (-1.096 ± 0.535) vanadium (-1.157 ± 0.537), and nickel (-1.530 ± 0.501). Decrements in NNS frequency were associated with sulfur exposure (0.036 ± 0.018), but not other examined PM components. Our findings provide new evidence that prenatal maternal exposure to specific PM components are associated with impaired neurodevelopment in Puerto Rican infants soon after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Trenton Honda
- Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Zimmerman
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351618, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gredia Huerta-Montanez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alaina Martens
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Morgan Hines
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martha Ondras
- Health Effects Institute, 75 Federal Street, Suite 1400, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Ki-Do Eum
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jose F Cordero
- Departmentof Epidemiology, University of Georgia, 101 Buck Rd, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Akram Alshawabekeh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helen H Suh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Ave, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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153
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Mendoza DL, Benney TM, Bares R, Crosman ET. Intra-city variability of fine particulate matter during COVID-19 lockdown: A case study from Park City, Utah. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111471. [PMID: 34102162 PMCID: PMC8178539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban air quality is a growing concern due a range of social, economic, and health impacts. Since the SARS-CoV-19 pandemic began in 2020, governments have produced a range of non-medical interventions (NMIs) (e.g. lockdowns, stay-at-home orders, mask mandates) to prevent the spread of COVID-19. A co-benefit of NMI implementation has been the measurable improvement in air quality in cities around the world. Using the lockdown policy of the COVID-19 pandemic as a natural experiment, we traced the changing emissions patterns produced under the pandemic in a mid-sized, high-altitude city to isolate the effects of human behavior on air pollution. We tracked air pollution over time periods reflecting the Pre-Lockdown, Lockdown, and Reopening stages, using high quality, research grade sensors in both commercial and residential areas to better understand how each setting may be uniquely impacted by pollution downturn events. Based on this approach, we found the commercial area of the city showed a greater decrease in air pollution than residential areas during the lockdown period, while both areas experienced a similar rebound post lockdown. The easing period following the lockdown did not lead to an immediate rebound in human activity and the air pollution increase associated with reopening, took place nearly two months after the lockdown period ended. We hypothesize that differences in heating needs, travel demands, and commercial activity, are responsible for the corresponding observed changes in the spatial distribution of pollutants over the study period. This research has implications for climate policy, low-carbon energy transitions, and may even impact local policy due to changing patterns in human exposure that could lead to important public health outcomes, if left unaddressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Mendoza
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 E, Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of City & Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah, 375 S 1530 E, Suite 220, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; University of Utah School of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, 26 N 1900 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
| | - Tabitha M Benney
- Department of Political Science and Environmental Studies Program, University of Utah, 260 S Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ryan Bares
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Utah, 135 S 1460 E, Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Erik T Crosman
- Department of Life, Earth and Environmental Sciences, West Texas A&M University, Natural Sciences Building 324, Canyon, TX 79016, USA
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154
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The cardiovascular effects of air pollution: Prevention and reversal by pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107996. [PMID: 34571110 PMCID: PMC8941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with staggering levels of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Airborne particulate matter (PM), in particular, has been associated with a wide range of detrimental cardiovascular effects, including impaired vascular function, raised blood pressure, alterations in cardiac rhythm, blood clotting disorders, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Considerable headway has been made in elucidating the biological processes underlying these associations, revealing a labyrinth of multiple interacting mechanistic pathways. Several studies have used pharmacological agents to prevent or reverse the cardiovascular effects of PM; an approach that not only has the advantages of elucidating mechanisms, but also potentially revealing therapeutic agents that could benefit individuals that are especially susceptible to the effects of air pollution. This review gathers investigations with pharmacological agents, offering insight into the biology of how PM, and other air pollutants, may cause cardiovascular morbidity.
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155
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Xiong R, Jiang W, Li N, Liu B, He R, Wang B, Geng Q. PM2.5-induced lung injury is attenuated in macrophage-specific NLRP3 deficient mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 221:112433. [PMID: 34146983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most important components of environmental pollutants and is associated with lung injury. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death mainly mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, has been reported to be involved in sepsis-induced or ischemia/reperfusion-induced lung injury. However, the specific mechanisms of pyroptosis in PM2.5-induced lung injury are not yet clear. We constructed macrophage-specific NLRP3 knockout mice to explore the mechanism of PM2.5-induced lung injury in terms of inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels, including the relationship between these effects and pyroptosis. The results disclosed that PM2.5 exposure increased the infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-6, in lung tissue. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, GSH-PX, and CAT, significantly decreased, while MDA, the end product of lipid oxidation, remarkably increased. The level of apoptosis in lung tissue, measured by the TUNEL assay and apoptosis-related proteins (BAX and BCL-2), was significantly increased. Macrophage-specific NLRP3 knockout could offset these effects. We further observed that PM2.5 treatment activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequently induced pyroptosis, as evidenced by the increased production of IL-1β and IL-18 and the increase of the protein levels of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, and GSDMD, which were inhibited when NLRP3 was knocked out in macrophages. Taken together, these results revealed that NLRP3-mediated macrophage pyroptosis promoted PM2.5-induced lung injury through aggravating inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Targeting the inhibition of NLRP3-mediated macrophage pyroptosis provides a new way to study lung injury induced by the exposure to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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156
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Hong Z, Zeng P, Zhuang G, Guo Q, Cai C. Toxicological Effects of Artificial Fine Particulate Matter in Rats through Induction of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2021; 255:19-25. [PMID: 34497164 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.255.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Airborne fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter equal to or smaller than 2.5 μm (abbreviated as PM2.5) increases the risk of nasal lesions, but the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In the atmosphere, the composition of PM2.5 collected varies in physical and chemical properties, which affects its damage to human health. Thus, we constructed artificial PM2.5 particles based on actual PM2.5 and investigated the in vivo effects of artificial PM2.5 exposure on the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and nasal mucosa morphology of rats. The results showed that artificial PM2.5 is comparable in composition ratio, size, and morphology to actual PM2.5. This in vivo study indicated that artificial PM2.5 exposure reduces total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, elevates malondialdehyde content in the nasal mucosa, and induces increased levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Our data shows that artificial PM2.5 particles could be used for experimental study of PM2.5 toxicology, ensuring that the physical and chemical properties of experimental PM2.5 are relatively constant and allowing for repeatability of this research. Oxidative damage and inflammatory response may be the toxic mechanisms that cause nasal lesions after exposure to artificial PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Hong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Peiji Zeng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University
| | - Qiaoling Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xiamen University.,Xiamen Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.,The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University
| | - Chengfu Cai
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
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157
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Xu D, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Wang X, Li T. Long-term PM 2.5 exposure and survival among cardiovascular disease patients in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:47367-47374. [PMID: 33890220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have proved that particulate air pollution was related to adverse cardiovascular effects. However, most studies focused on the acute effects of short-term fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and the general population. Evidence from long-term cohort studies based on the cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients was scarce. Our study aimed to explore the impact of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on the mortality among post-CVD patients. This is a cohort study that involved 5143 post-CVD patients in Beijing, China. We collected records of CVD patients from hospitals in Beijing, China from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012 and followed up these patients from hospital admission until December 31, 2016. The vital status of the patients was determined using the National Death Surveillance Point System (DSPs). The PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from the Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group. The Cox regression models were used for data analyses. Our findings suggested that increased mortality of CVD patients with an HR of 1.43 (95% CI: 1.24, 1.63) was related to long-term exposure to PM2.5. The association was stronger for cardiovascular-related mortality, especially for mortality from myocardial infarction (MI). The HR for any CVD mortality was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.94), HR for MI mortality was 1.82 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.83). Long-term PM2.5 exposure may significantly affect the survival of CVD patients. Compared with the general population, patients with CVD are more susceptible to PM2.5 exposure. Increased attention to the management of CVD patients is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.7 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.7 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 3399 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310051, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Tiantian Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.7 Panjiayuannanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
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158
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Yu P, Xu R, Coelho MSZS, Saldiva PHN, Li S, Zhao Q, Mahal A, Sim M, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. The impacts of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 on cancer hospitalizations in Brazil. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 154:106671. [PMID: 34082238 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to PM2.5 has been linked to cancer incidence and mortality. However, it was unknown whether there was an association with cancer hospitalizations. METHODS Data on cancer hospitalizations and annual PM2.5 concentrations were collected from 1,814 Brazilian cities during 2002-2015. A difference-in-difference approach with quasi-Poisson regression was applied to examine State-specific associations. The State-specific associations were pooled at a national level using random-effect meta-analyses. PM2.5 attributable burden were estimated for cancer hospitalization admissions, inpatient days and costs. RESULTS We included 5,102,358 cancer hospitalizations (53.8% female). The mean annual concentration of PM2.5 was 7.0 μg/m3 (standard deviation: 4.0 μg/m3). With each 1 μg/m3 increase in two-year-average (current year and previous one year) concentrations of PM2.5, the relative risks (RR) of hospitalization were 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02 to 1.07) for all-site cancers from 2002 to 2015 without sex and age differences. We estimated that 33.82% (95%CI: 14.97% to 47.84%) of total cancer hospitalizations could be attributed to PM2.5 exposure in Brazil during the study time. For every 100,000 population, 1,190 (95%CI: 527 to 1,836) cancer hospitalizations, 8,191 (95%CI: 3,627 to 11,587) inpatient days and US$788,775 (95%CI: $349,272 to $1,115,825) cost were attributable to PM2.5 exposure. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 was positively associated with hospitalization for many cancer types in Brazil. Inpatient days and cost would be saved if the annual PM2.5 exposure was reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qi Zhao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ajay Mahal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Malcolm Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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159
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Xu L, Zhao Q, Li D, Luo J, Ma W, Jin Y, Li C, Chen J, Zhao K, Zheng Y, Yu D. MicroRNA-760 resists ambient PM 2.5-induced apoptosis in human bronchial epithelial cells through elevating heme-oxygenase 1 expression. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117213. [PMID: 33933780 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 (particles matter smaller aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm) exposure, a major environmental risk factor for the global burden of diseases, is associated with high risks of respiratory diseases. Heme-oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) is one of the major molecular antioxidant defenses to mediate cytoprotective effects against diverse stressors, including PM2.5-induced toxicity; however, the regulatory mechanism of HMOX1 expression still needs to be elucidated. In this study, using PM2.5 as a typical stressor, we explored whether microRNAs (miRNAs) might modulate HMOX1 expression in lung cells. Systematic bioinformatics analysis showed that seven miRNAs have the potentials to target HMOX1 gene. Among these, hsa-miR-760 was identified as the most responsive miRNA to PM2.5 exposure. More importantly, we revealed a "non-conventional" miRNA function in hsa-miR-760 upregulating HMOX1 expression, by targeting the coding region and interacting with YBX1 protein. In addition, we observed that exogenous hsa-miR-760 effectively elevated HMOX1 expression, reduced the reactive oxygen agents (ROS) levels, and rescued the lung cells from PM2.5-induced apoptosis. Our results revealed that hsa-miR-760 might play an important role in protecting lung cells against PM2.5-induced toxicity, by elevating HMOX1 expression, and offered new clues to elucidate the diverse functions of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanhai Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kunming Zhao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dianke Yu
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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160
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Yu P, Guo S, Xu R, Ye T, Li S, Sim MR, Abramson MJ, Guo Y. Cohort studies of long-term exposure to outdoor particulate matter and risks of cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100143. [PMID: 34557780 PMCID: PMC8454739 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust evidence is needed for the hazardous effects of outdoor particulate matter (PM) on mortality and morbidity from all types of cancers. To summarize and meta-analyze the association between PM and cancer, published articles reporting associations between outdoor PM exposure and any type of cancer with individual outcome assessment that provided a risk estimate in cohort studies were identified via systematic searches. Of 3,256 records, 47 studies covering 13 cancer sites (30 for lung cancer, 12 for breast cancer, 11 for other cancers) were included in the quantitative evaluation. The pooled relative risks (RRs) for lung cancer incidence or mortality associated with every 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 or PM10 were 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.23; I2 = 81%) or 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02–1.45; I2 = 96%), respectively. Increased but non-significant risks were found for breast cancer. Other cancers were shown to be associated with PM exposure in some studies but not consistently and thus warrant further investigation. Updated evidence for the association between PM and lung cancer risk has been provided Associations between PM and cancer risks from 13 sites were summarized Further studies should be conducted to fill the research gaps
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Yu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Suying Guo
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology (National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rongbin Xu
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Malcolm R Sim
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Michael J Abramson
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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161
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Abstract
The adverse effects of polluted air on human health have been increasingly appreciated worldwide. It is estimated that outdoor air pollution is associated with the death of 4.2 million people globally each year. Accumulating epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), one of the important air pollutants, significantly contributes to respiratory mortality and morbidity. PM2.5 causes lung damage mainly by inducing inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In this paper, we reviewed the research results of our group on the effects of PM2.5 on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and lung cancer. And recent research progress on epidemiological studies and potential mechanisms were also discussed. Reducing air pollution, although remaining a major challenge, is the best and most effective way to prevent the onset and progression of respiratory diseases.
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162
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Zhu X, Shou Y, Ji X, Hu Y, Wang H. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 and its related spermidine synthesis mediate PM 2.5 exposure-induced neuronal apoptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112678. [PMID: 34419641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 exposure is considered harmful to central nerve system, while the specific biochemical mechanism underlying is still unrevealed. Neuronal apoptosis is believed the crucial event in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, but evidence supporting neuronal apoptosis as the mechanism for PM2.5 exposure induced neuronal injury is insufficient. S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) and its related spermidine synthesis have been shown to associate with cellular apoptosis, but its role in PM2.5 exposure induced neuronal apoptosis was rarely reported. The current study was aimed to better understand contribution of AMD1 activity and spermidine in PM2.5 exposure induced neuronal apoptosis. Sixteen C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided and kept into ambient PM2.5 chamber or filtered air chamber for 6 months to establish the mouse model of whole-body ambient PM2.5 chronic exposure. In parallel, PC12 cells and primary hippocampal neurons were applied for various concentrations of PM2.5 treatment (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL) to explore the possible cellular and molecular mechanism which may be critically involved in the process. Results showed that PM2.5 exposure triggered neuronal apoptosis with increased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. PM2.5 exposure reduced AMD1 expression and spermidine synthesis. AMD1 inhibition could mimic PM2.5 exposure induced neuronal apoptosis. Spermidine supplementation rescued against neurotoxicity and inhibited PM2.5 induced apoptosis via impaired depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial apoptosis related proteins. In summary, our work demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 led to neuronal apoptosis, which may be the key event in the process of air pollution induced neurodegenerative diseases. AMD1 and spermidine associated with neuronal apoptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure, which was at least partially dependent on mitochondria mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Yikai Shou
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China; The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, China
| | - Xintong Ji
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China.
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, China; Laboratory of Aging and Cancer Biology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, China.
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163
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Qi Z, Yang C, Liao X, Song Y, Zhao L, Liang X, Su Y, Chen ZF, Li R, Dong C, Cai Z. Taurine reduction associated with heart dysfunction after real-world PM 2.5 exposure in aged mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146866. [PMID: 33848856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient PM2.5 has been proved to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; however, little information is available on the age-dependent effects of PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system and the underlying mechanisms following chronic exposure. In this study, multi-aged mice were exposed to PM2.5 via the newly developed real-ambient PM2.5 exposure system to investigate age-related effects on the heart after long-term exposure. First, the chemical and physical properties of PM2.5 used in the exposure system were analyzed. The heart rate of conscious mice was recorded, and results showed that exposure of aged mice to PM2.5 for 26 weeks significantly increased heart rate. Histological analysis and ELISA assays indicated that aged mice were more sensitive to PM2.5 exposure in terms of inducing cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, untargeted metabolomics revealed that taurine was involved with the PM2.5-induced cardiac dysfunction. The reduced taurine concentration in the heart was examined by LC-MS and imaging mass spectrometry; it may be due to the increased p53 expression level, ROS and inflammatory cytokines. These results emphasize the age-dependent effects of PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system and suggest that taurine may be the novel cardiac effect target for PM2.5-induced heart dysfunction in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenghua Qi
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Liao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Liang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuping Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
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164
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Erhunmwunsee L, Wing SE, Shen J, Hu H, Sosa E, Lopez LN, Raquel C, Sur M, Ibarra-Noriega P, Currey M, Lee J, Kim JY, Raz DJ, Amini A, Sampath S, Koczywas M, Massarelli E, West HL, Reckamp KL, Kittles RA, Salgia R, Seewaldt VL, Neuhausen SL, Gray SW. The Association between Polluted Neighborhoods and TP53-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:1498-1505. [PMID: 34088750 PMCID: PMC8338883 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor patients often reside in neighborhoods of lower socioeconomic status (SES) with high levels of airborne pollutants. They also have higher mortality from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than those living in wealthier communities. We investigated whether living in polluted neighborhoods is associated with somatic mutations linked with lower survival rates, i.e., TP53 mutations. METHODS In a retrospective cohort of 478 patients with NSCLC treated at a comprehensive cancer center between 2015 and 2018, we used logistic regression to assess associations between individual demographic and clinical characteristics, including somatic TP53 mutation status and environmental risk factors of annual average particulate matter (PM2.5) levels, and neighborhood SES. RESULTS 277 patients (58%) had somatic TP53 mutations. Of those, 45% lived in neighborhoods with "moderate" Environmental Protection Agency-defined PM2.5 exposure, compared with 39% of patients without TP53 mutations. We found significant associations between living in neighborhoods with "moderate" versus "good" PM2.5 concentrations and minority population percentage [OR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-1.08]. There was a significant association between presence of TP53 mutations and PM2.5 exposure (moderate versus good: OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.02-2.72) after adjusting for patient characteristics, other environmental factors, and neighborhood-level SES. CONCLUSIONS When controlling for individual- and neighborhood-level confounders, we find that the odds of having a TP53-mutated NSCLC are increased in areas with higher PM2.5 exposure. IMPACT The link between pollution and aggressive biology may contribute to the increased burden of adverse NSCLC outcomes in individuals living in lower SES neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Erhunmwunsee
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California.
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sam E Wing
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Jenny Shen
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Hengrui Hu
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ernesto Sosa
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Lisa N Lopez
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Catherine Raquel
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Melissa Sur
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Pilar Ibarra-Noriega
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Madeline Currey
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Janet Lee
- Vital Research, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jae Y Kim
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Dan J Raz
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Marianna Koczywas
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Howard L West
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Victoria L Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Stacy W Gray
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
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165
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Jiang P, Hao S, Xie L, Xiang G, Hu W, Wu Q, Liu Z, Li S. LncRNA NEAT1 contributes to the acquisition of a tumor like-phenotype induced by PM 2.5 in lung bronchial epithelial cells via HIF-1α activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43382-43393. [PMID: 33829382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hazards of particulate matter (PM2.5) on human respiratory health have been previously reported. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced lung carcinogenesis have rarely been studied. In the present study, we explored the effects of PM2.5 on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in lung bronchial epithelial cells. We found that exposure of PM2.5 enhanced lung bronchial epithelial cell proliferation and EMT. In addition, the expression level of CSC-like biomarkers, CD133 and CD44, was significantly elevated by PM2.5 in vitro. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been reported to participate in lung cancer. Loss of NEAT1 represses the malignant transformation of BEAS-2B and HBE cells induced by PM2.5. NEAT1 interacts with microRNA (miR)-582-5p, and miR-582-5p reverses the pro-tumor effects of NEAT1 overexpression. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is an important transcription factor in the pathological responses to hypoxia. HIF-1α was a predicted target for miR-582-5p, and a direct correlation between them was identified. Inhibitors of miR-582-5p rescued HIF-1α expression, which was attenuated by a lack of NEAT1. In conclusion, PM2.5 increased NEAT1 expression, which, by binding with miR-582-5p, released HIF-1α and promoted EMT and the acquisition of CSC-like characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyu Hao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiling Xiang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanqun Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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166
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Xu Y, Cui W. WITHDRAWN: Health risk assessment and countermeasure analysis of the elderly population exposed to PM2.5 microenvironment. Work 2021:WOR205361. [PMID: 34275922 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Department of Economics, Liaoning University, Liaoning, China
| | - Wantian Cui
- Department of Economics, Liaoning University, Liaoning, China
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167
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Yang X, Zhang Y, Zhan X, Xu X, Li S, Xu X, Ying S, Chen Z. Particulate matter exposure is highly correlated to pediatric asthma exacerbation. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17818-17829. [PMID: 34254951 PMCID: PMC8312457 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous disease in which environmental factors play an important role, and the effect of particulate matter (PM) on the occurrence and severity of asthma is drawing more attention. This study aims to identify the correlation between PM and pediatric asthma exacerbation and explore the potential mechanisms. The asthma visits data (N = 16,779,739) in a university-based tertiary children’s hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were collected, and the relationship between asthma visits and local PM concentration was analyzed. For further study, we established a house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergic airway inflammation model with PM intervention. We detected a correlation between PM concentration and pediatric asthma visits, especially in children under 6 years old. The in vivo data showed that PM aggravated HDM-induced airway inflammation, and IL-33 neutralizing antibody exerted a protective role. Our study suggests that PM is a risk factor in promoting pediatric asthma exacerbation, in which IL-33 might be a promising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xueqin Zhan
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xuchen Xu
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310009, China.,International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, Hangzhou 310052, China
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168
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Qin F, Cui S, Dong Y, Xu M, Wang Z, Qu C, Zhao J. Aerobic exercise ameliorates particulate matter-induced lung injury in aging rats. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 280:116889. [PMID: 33774542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) is an inflammatory-inducing factor that is considered to be related to many adverse respiratory problems, especially in the elderly. This study aimed to examine whether pre-exercise training could prevent pulmonary injury induced by urban PM2.5 in aging rats and investigate its relationship with inflammatory pathways. Male Wistar rats (aged 16 months) were randomly divided into four groups: sedentary, exercise, sedentary + PM2.5 exposure, and exercise + PM2.5 exposure. All rats in exercise-related groups were treadmill-trained for 8 weeks (65%-75% VO2max for 30 min every other day). Sedentary groups' rats lived freely in cages without exercise intervention. Rats in the PM-related groups were exposed to ambient PM2.5 (4 h day-1) for 2 weeks after an 8-week exercise intervention or sedentary treatment. Finally, all rats' pulmonary function, lung morphology, degree of inflammation, and relevant protein and mRNA transcript expression levels were examined. The results indicated that PM2.5 exposure induced lung injury in the sedentary + PM2.5 exposure group, as evidenced by the deterioration of pulmonary function, histopathological characteristics, and inflammatory changes. Aerobic exercise alleviated PM2.5-induced airway obstruction, deterioration of pulmonary function, bronchial mucosal exfoliation, and inflammatory responses in aging rats. These effects in exercise groups were associated with the increased expression of intracellular 70 kDa heat shock protein (iHSP70) and the suppression of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, as confirmed by increased expression of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) and a reduction in phospho-IKBα (p-IκBα), which is regulated by inhibiting kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ). Taken together, aerobic pre-exercise had protective effects on lung injury and reduced vulnerability to inflammation induced by PM2.5 exposure, possibly through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by the extracellular-to-intracellular HSP70 ratio. Pre-exercise training may be an effective way to protect against PM2.5-induced lung toxicity in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqiang Cui
- Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Dong
- Beijing Research Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Minxiao Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China; Changzhou Research Institute of Science and Medical Treatment, Changzhou, China
| | - Chaoyi Qu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhao
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
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169
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Liu J, Su X, Lu J, Ning J, Lin M, Zhou H. PM 2.5 induces intestinal damage by affecting gut microbiota and metabolites of rats fed a high-carbohydrate diet. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 279:116849. [PMID: 33773181 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PM2.5 has a major impact on the gastrointestinal system, but the specific mechanism behind this action is not fully understood. Current studies have focused on the relationship between PM2.5 and intestinal flora disorder, while ignoring the important influence of diet on gut microbes. In this study, SD rats were fed either a normal, high-fat, or high-carbohydrate diet for two months and exposed to PM2.5 (7 mg/kg b.w.) by intratracheal instillation. The results showed that the body and kidney weights of the rats in the high-fat diet group were significantly increased relative to those with a normal diet, and changes in the intestinal microbes and metabolites induced by PM2.5 were observed. Rats in the high-carbohydrate diet group had a significant response, and the diversity and richness indices of the flora were reduced (p < 0.05); additionally, intestinal Biffidobacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched, while many endogenous metabolites were found. Some amino acids derivatives and long-chain fatty acids were increased (p < 0.05). Both diet structure and PM2.5 exposure can affect the composition of gut microbiota, and intestinal metabolites may be associated with cell membrane damage when a high-carbohydrate diet interacts with PM2.5. This study considers multiple dietary factors to further supplement the evidence of intestinal damage via PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Xianghui Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Changji Branch, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, 831100, China
| | - Jianjiang Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang, 832003, China.
| | - Jianying Ning
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Meng Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang, 832003, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Monitoring and Pollutant Control of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Xinjiang, 832003, China
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170
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Pan X, Wu J, Jiang C, Yu Q, Yan B. Synergistic effects of carbon nanoparticle-Cr-Pb in PM 2.5 cause cell cycle arrest via upregulating a novel lncRNA NONHSAT074301.2 in human bronchial epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:125070. [PMID: 33858084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of carcinogenic PM2.5 particles is a severe threat to all the people in both developing and developed nations. However, which components of PM2.5 and how they perturb human cells to cause various diseases are still not understood. Here, employing a reductionism approach, we revealed that one of the crucial toxic and pathogenic mechanisms of PM2.5 was the blocking of human bronchial cell cycle through upregulation of a novel long non-coding RNA NONHSAT074301.2 by carbon particles with payloads of Cr(VI) and Pb2+. We also discovered that NONHSAT074301.2 is a key regulatory molecule controlling cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. This work highlights cellular function and molecular signaling events investigations using a 16-membered combinational model PM2.5 library which contain carbon particles carrying four toxic pollutants in all possible combinations at environmental relevant concentrations. This work demonstrates a very powerful methodology to elucidate mechanisms at molecular level and help unlock the "black box" of PM2.5-induced toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujiao Pan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialong Wu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuijuan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qianhui Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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171
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Li J, Yao Y, Xie W, Wang B, Guan T, Han Y, Wang H, Zhu T, Xue T. Association of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 with blood lipids in the Chinese population: Findings from a longitudinal quasi-experiment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 151:106454. [PMID: 33676285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although epidemiological studies on the effect of chronic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on lipid disorders have been conducted, it is unclear if improved air quality is associated with beneficial changes in the blood lipid profile. In China, clean air actions introduced in 2013 have rapidly reduced the concentration of ambient PM2.5. METHODS We conducted a change-by-change study, based on two waves (2011 and 2015) of a national survey of the same 5111 Chinese adults before and after implementation of the clean air actions. Long-term PM2.5 exposure was assessed using a state-of-the-art estimator at the city level. Based on the within-individual differences between the two waves, we associated PM2.5 changes with the variations of four lipid biomarkers-triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-using a mixed-effects regression model. The robustness and homogeneity of the association were tested via sensitivity analyses. RESULTS For each 10 μg/m3 reduction in PM2.5, LDL-C, and TC decreased by 2.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10-5.32) and 4.16 (95% CI 1.24-7.08)mg/dL, respectively. There was no significant association with HDL-C or TG. The results were robust among models adjusted for different covariates. PM2.5 was a significant risk factor for dyslipidemia with an adjusted relative risk of 1.21 (95% CI 1.09-1.34). The association between PM2.5 and LDL-C was stronger in the elderly or adults who did not take medications. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PM2.5 exert a cardiotoxic effect by increasing the risk of lipid disorders. Improvement of air quality could prevent dyslipidemia by reducing LDL-C and TC levels. Clean air policies should be implemented as public health measures in countries with aging societies, especially developing ones with a high air pollution burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajianghui Li
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjia Guan
- School of Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqun Han
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Huiyu Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- BIC-ESAT and SKL-ESPC, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing China
| | - Tao Xue
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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172
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Zhu X, Chen C, Zhang B, Ge Y, Wang W, Cai J, Kan H. Acute effects of personal exposure to fine particulate matter on salivary and urinary biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in healthy adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129906. [PMID: 33592518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive bio-samples, such as saliva and urine, are promising tools for assessment of inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Few studies have investigated potential responses of those biomarkers towards short-term PM2.5 exposure. We conducted a longitudinal study with 4 repeated examinations among 40 healthy, nonsmoking adults in Shanghai, China. Personal samplings were performed for PM2.5 exposure assessment. Then, five biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) in saliva and 8-Iso-Prostaglanding F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in urine, were measured. We fitted linear mixed-effect models to evaluate short-term effect of personal PM2.5 exposure on salivary and urinary biomarkers, adjusting for potential confounders of meteorology, sociodemographic characteristics and biomarker detection. We also explored sensitive time windows of exposure for different biomarkers. We found robust associations of salivary CRP, TNF-α, and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α with PM2.5 exposure, and responses of salivary inflammatory markers occurred more acutely than urinary oxidative stress markers. For instance, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with an elevation of 5.49% (95% CI: 1.17%, 9.99%) in CRP and 7.05% (95% CI: 1.29%, 13.13%) in TNF-α both at lag 12 h, and 6.97% (95% CI: 1.33%, 12.92%) in 8-iso-PGF2α at lag 01 d. Based on non-invasive samples, this study provided evidence on effect of PM2.5 exposure on responses of systematic inflammation and oxidative stress. Sub-daily (6-12 h) and daily (≥24 h) period after PM2.5 exposure might be sensitive time window to detect the responses of salivary (i.e. CRP, TNF) and urinary biomarkers (i.e. 8-iso-PGF2α), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Zhu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Shanghai Huangpu Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Yihui Ge
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and NHC Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Center for Children's Health, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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173
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Wu A, Hu X, Ao H, Chen Z, Chu Z, Jiang T, Deng X, Wan Y. Rational design of bacterial cellulose‐based air filter with antibacterial activity for highly efficient particulate matters removal. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Haiyong Ao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Zejing Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Zhaomiao Chu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004 China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yizao Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials & Institute of Advanced Materials East China Jiaotong University Nanchang 330013 China
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174
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Yu Q, Zhang L, Hou K, Li J, Liu S, Huang K, Cheng Y. Relationship between Air Pollutant Exposure and Gynecologic Cancer Risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5353. [PMID: 34069801 PMCID: PMC8157305 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of women's health disorders. However, it remains unknown to what extent changes in ambient air pollution affect gynecological cancer. In our case-control study, the logistic regression model was combined with the restricted cubic spline to examine the association of short-term exposure to air pollution with gynecological cancer events using the clinical data of 35,989 women in Beijing from December 2008 to December 2017. We assessed the women's exposure to air pollutants using the monitor located nearest to each woman's residence and working places, adjusting for age, occupation, ambient temperature, and ambient humidity. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were examined to evaluate gynecologic cancer risk in six time windows (Phase 1-Phase 6) of women's exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the highest ORs were found in Phase 4 (240 days). Then, the higher adjusted ORs were found associated with the increased concentrations of each pollutant (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) in Phase 4. For instance, the adjusted OR of gynecological cancer risk for a 1.0-mg m-3 increase in CO exposures was 1.010 (95% CI: 0.881-1.139) below 0.8 mg m-3, 1.032 (95% CI: 0.871-1.194) at 0.8-1.0 mg m-3, 1.059 (95% CI: 0.973-1.145) at 1.0-1.4 mg m-3, and 1.120 (95% CI: 0.993-1.246) above 1.4 mg m-3. The ORs calculated in different air pollution levels accessed us to identify the nonlinear association between women's exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the gynecological cancer risk. This study supports that the gynecologic risks associated with air pollution should be considered in improved public health preventive measures and policymaking to minimize the dangerous effects of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Kun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jingwen Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Suhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; (Q.Y.); (K.H.); (S.L.); (K.H.); (Y.C.)
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175
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Huang G, Li X, Zhang B, Ren J. PM2.5 concentration forecasting at surface monitoring sites using GRU neural network based on empirical mode decomposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 768:144516. [PMID: 33453525 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The main component of haze is the particulate matter (PM) 2.5. How to explore the laws of PM2.5 concentration changes is the main content of air quality prediction. Combining the characteristics of temporality and non-linearity in PM2.5 concentration series, more and more deep learning methods are currently applied to PM2.5 predictions, but most of them ignore the non-stationarity of time series, which leads to a lower accuracy of model prediction. To address this issue, an integration method of gated recurrent unit neural network based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD-GRU) for predicting PM2.5 concentration was proposed in this paper. This method uses empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to decompose the PM2.5 concentration sequence first and then fed the multiple stationary sub-sequences obtained after the decomposition and the meteorological features into the constructed GRU neural network successively for training and predicting. Finally, the sub-sequences of the prediction output are added to obtain the prediction results of PM2.5 concentration. The forecast result of the case in this paper show that the EMD-GRU model reduces the RMSE by 44%, MAE by 40.82%, and SMAPE by 11.63% compared to the single GRU model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Huang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Software Engineering in Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Jiadong Ren
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China; Key Laboratory of Software Engineering in Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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176
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Calycosin Alleviates Injury in Airway Epithelial Cells Caused by PM 2.5 Exposure via Activation of AMPK Signalling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8885716. [PMID: 34055025 PMCID: PMC8112952 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8885716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods Phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were detected by western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was used to validate changes in the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-кB) p65 nuclear translocation. Mice were administered intraperitoneally with calycosin one hour before anaesthesia and endotracheal instillation of PM 2.5. The extent of lung injury was evaluated in the H&E-stained lung sections. Apoptotic cells were detected by TUNEL staining. Results Administration of calycosin was increased in PM 2.5-treated B2B cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Fluorescence signals from anti-NF-кB p65 were increased in nuclei of cells pretreated with calycosin. The level of p-AMPK was increased by calycosin in vitro and in vivo. After pretreatment with compound C, the inhibitory effects of calycosin on cytotoxicity, levels of inflammatory cytokines and p-AMPK, and levels of NF-кB p65 nuclear translocation were not significantly decreased in vitro or in vivo. Conclusions Calycosin effectively decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines and alleviated injury caused by PM 2.5. These effects were mediated through activation of AMPK to suppress NF-κB signalling.
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177
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Cao Y, Shao L, Jones T, Oliveira MLS, Ge S, Feng X, Silva LFO, BéruBé K. Multiple relationships between aerosol and COVID-19: A framework for global studies. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2021; 93:243-251. [PMID: 33584115 PMCID: PMC7871891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) is a severe respiratory syndrome currently causing a human global pandemic. The original virus, along with newer variants, is highly transmissible. Aerosols are a multiphase system consisting of the atmosphere with suspended solid and liquid particles, which can carry toxic and harmful substances; especially the liquid components. The degree to which aerosols can carry the virus and cause COVID-19 disease is of significant research importance. In this study, we have discussed aerosol transmission as the pathway of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), and the aerosol pollution reduction as a consequence of the COVID-19 lockdown. The aerosol transmission routes of the SARS-CoV-2 can be further subdivided into proximal human-exhaled aerosol transmission and potentially more distal ambient aerosol transmission. The human-exhaled aerosol transmission is a direct dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2. The ambient aerosol transmission is an indirect dispersion of the SARS-CoV-2 in which the aerosol acts as a carrier to spread the virus. This indirect dispersion can also stimulate the up-regulation of the expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE-2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) and protease TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Serine Protease 2), thereby increasing the incidence and mortality of COVID-19. From the aerosol quality data around the World, it can be seen that often atmospheric pollution has significantly decreased due to factors such as the reduction of traffic, industry, cooking and coal-burning emissions during the COVID-19 lockdown. The airborne transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2, the infectivity of the virus in ambient aerosols, and the reduction of aerosol pollution levels due to the lockdowns are crucial research subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Longyi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tim Jones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10, 3YE, Wales, UK
| | - Marcos L S Oliveira
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Arquitectura, Universidad de Lima, Avenida Javier Prado Este 4600 - Santiago de Surco 1503, Peru
| | - Shuoyi Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining and College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luis F O Silva
- Department of Civil and Environmental, Universidad de la Costa, Calle 58 #55-66, 080002 Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Kelly BéruBé
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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178
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Hou C, Qin Y, Wang G, Liu Q, Yang X, Wang H. Impact of a long-term air pollution exposure on the case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients-A multicity study. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2938-2946. [PMID: 33470428 PMCID: PMC8014152 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence in the literature suggests that air pollution exposure affects outcomes of patients with COVID-19. However, the extent of this effect requires further investigation. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between long-term exposure to air pollution and the case fatality rate (CFR) of patients with COVID-19. The data on air quality index (AQI), PM2.5, PM10, SO2 , NO2 , and O3 from 14 major cities in China in the past 5 years (2015-2020) were collected, and the CRF of COVID-19 patients in these cities was calculated. First, we investigated the correlation between CFR and long-term air quality indicators. Second, we examined the air pollutants affecting CFR and evaluated their predictive values. We found a positive correlation between the CFR and AQI (1, 3, and 5 years), PM2.5 (1, 3, and 5 years), and PM10 (1, 3, and 5 years). Further analysis indicated the more significant correlation for both AQI (3 and 5 years) and PM2.5 (1, 3, and 5 years) with CFR, and moderate predictive values for air pollution indicators such as AQI (1, 3, and 5 years) and PM2.5 (1, 3, and 5 years) for CFR. Our results indicate that long-term exposure to severe air pollution is associated with higher CFR of COVID-19 patients. Air pollutants such as PM2.5 may assist with the prediction of CFR for COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐kai Hou
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Ya‐fei Qin
- Department of General SurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Grace Wang
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Quan‐lei Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xin‐yu Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin General Surgery InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
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179
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Fong KC, Bell ML. Do fine particulate air pollution (PM 2.5) exposure and its attributable premature mortality differ for immigrants compared to those born in the United States? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110387. [PMID: 33129853 PMCID: PMC8079555 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the United States (US), immigrants constitute a considerable and growing proportion of the general population. Compared to the US-born, immigrants have differential health risks, and it is unclear if environmental exposures contribute. In this work, we estimated disparities between immigrants and the US-born in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and attributable premature mortality, including by region of origin and time since immigration. With PM2.5 estimates from a validated model at ~1 km2 spatial resolution and residential Census tract population data, we calculated the annual area-weighted average PM2.5 exposure for immigrants overall, the US-born, and immigrants separately by geographic region of origin and time since immigration. We then calculated the premature mortality attributed to PM2.5 for each population group, assessing disparities by immigrant status in PM2.5 exposure and attributable premature mortality in the US as a whole and in each US county to evevaluate spatial heterogeneity. Overall, immigrants were exposed to slightly higher PM2.5 (0.36 μg/m3, 3.8%) than the US-born. This exposure difference translates to 2.11 more premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 per 100,000 in population for immigrants compared to the US-born in 2010. Immigrant - US-born disparities in PM2.5 and attributable premature mortality were more severe among immigrants originating from Asia, Africa, and Latin America than those from Europe, Oceania, and North America. Disparities between immigrant groups by time since immigration were comparatively small. Sensitivity analyses using 2000 data and a non-linear set of PM2.5 attributable mortality coefficients identified similar patterns. Our findings suggest that environmental exposure disparities, such as in PM2.5, may contribute to immigrant health disparities in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin C Fong
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michelle L Bell
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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180
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Wei H, Yuan W, Yu H, Geng H. Cytotoxicity induced by fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway in rat alveolar macrophages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25819-25829. [PMID: 33474668 PMCID: PMC7817249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although positive associations exist between ambient particulate matter (PM2.5; diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) and the morbidity and mortality rates for respiratory diseases, the biological mechanisms of the reported health effects are unclear. Considering that alveolar macrophages (AM) are the main cells responsible for phagocytic clearance of xenobiotic particles that reach the airspaces of the lungs, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether PM2.5 induced AM apoptosis, and investigate its possible mechanisms. Freshly isolated AM from Wistar rats were treated with extracted PM2.5 at concentrations of 33, 100, or 300 μg/mL for 4 h; thereafter, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated. The results demonstrated that PM2.5 induced cytotoxicity by decreasing cell viability and increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in AMs. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and intracellular calcium cations (Ca2+) markedly increased in higher PM2.5 concentration groups. Additionally, the apoptotic ratio increased, and the apoptosis-related proteins BCL2-associated X (Bax), caspase-3, and caspase-9 were upregulated, whereas B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) protein levels were downregulated following PM2.5 exposure. Cumulative findings showed that PM2.5 induced apoptosis in AMs through a mitochondrial-mediated pathway, which indicated that PM2.5 plays a significant role in lung injury diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wei
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wanjun Yuan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Huan Yu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Hong Geng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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Ciabattini M, Rizzello E, Lucaroni F, Palombi L, Boffetta P. Systematic review and meta-analysis of recent high-quality studies on exposure to particulate matter and risk of lung cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110440. [PMID: 33181136 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several aspects of the association between exposure to air pollution and risk of lung cancer remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed at performing a meta-analysis of high-quality cohort studies on exposure to particulate matter (PM) 10 and PM2.5 and risk of lung cancer. METHODS We identified cohort studies published since 2004, that reported risk estimates of lung cancer for exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 adjusted for tobacco smoking and socioeconomic status, and conducted a meta-analysis based on random-effects models, including stratification by outcome, sex, country, tobacco smoking, and age. RESULTS Results on PM2.5 exposure were available from 15 studies; the summary relative risk (RR) for an increase of 10 μg/m3 was 1.16 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.23). The corresponding RR for PM10 exposure was 1.23 (95 CI 1.05, 1.40; seven studies). A higher risk was suggested in studies based on lung cancer mortality and in studies conducted in East Asia, while no difference was shown according to sex, smoking status or age. There was no suggestion of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis supported the hypothesis of an association between exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 and risk of lung cancer, and provided evidence that the magnitude of the risk might be higher than previously estimated, and might be modified by outcome and geographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ciabattini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rizzello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Lucaroni
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Palombi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Boffetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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182
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Li Y, Xu X, Wang L, Li X, Liu R, Zhang L, Xu Y. REDD1 (regulated in development and DNA damage-1)/autophagy inhibition ameliorates fine particulate matter (PM2.5) -induced inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells. Bioengineered 2021; 12:1403-1414. [PMID: 33926343 PMCID: PMC8806221 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1917227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the implication of REDD1 on airborne particle matter-induced lung injury and whether it is mediated through autophagy. Cell viability in BEAS-2B cells induced by PM2.5 was measured by CCK-8. RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels of REDD1 as well as inflammatory cytokines, respectively. Cell apoptosis was observed with TUNEL staining. The expression of autophagy-related genes was detected by Western blot. Autophagy level was observed with GFP-LC3 staining. PM2.5 induced the expression of REDD1 in BEAS-2B cells. The inhibition by silencing REDD1 ameliorated the viability damage, blocked the inflammatory response and reduced the number of apoptotic BEAS-2B cells all induced by PM2.5. It was also found that PM2.5 induced autophagy in BEAS-2B cells, which was reversed by interference with REDD1. Furthermore, interference with REDD1 alleviated PM2.5-induced cell damage, inflammatory response and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells through inhibiting autophagy. REDD1/autophagy inhibition ameliorates PM2.5-induced viability damage, inflammation and apoptosis in BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Running Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Outpatient, Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Department of Pediatric Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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183
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Liu X, Zeng X, Dong G, Venier M, Xie Q, Yang M, Wu Q, Zhao F, Chen D. Plastic Additives in Ambient Fine Particulate Matter in the Pearl River Delta, China: High-Throughput Characterization and Health Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4474-4482. [PMID: 33710877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the chemical components of airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) facilitates the characterization of atmospheric contamination sources and associated human exposure risks. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput analytical approach to investigate the abundance and distribution of 163 plastic additives in ambient PM2.5 collected from 94 different sites across the Pearl River Delta region, China. These chemicals are from six categories, including organophosphate esters (OPEs), phthalate esters (PAEs), PAE replacements, bisphenol analogues, UV stabilizers, and antioxidants. Ninety-three of them exhibited a detection frequency greater than 50% in PM2.5, while the combined concentrations of target plastic additives ranged from 610 to 49,400 μg/g (median: 3500 μg/g) across sites. By category, concentrations of PAEs (median: 2710 μg/g) were one to three orders of magnitude greater than those of other groups, followed by PAE replacements (540 μg/g) and OPEs (76.2 μg/g). Chemical-dependent exposure risks to PM2.5-bound plastic additives were characterized via the estimated daily intake and hazard quotient (HQ) approaches, which resulted in two different risk prioritization systems. Although the HQ approach suggested no or very low health concerns when considering individual chemicals, the complexity of co-concurrent chemicals in PM2.5 raises the concern on potential health risks from exposure to airborne particles and a cocktail of chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaowen Zeng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guanghui Dong
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Marta Venier
- School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Qitong Xie
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qizhen Wu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fanrong Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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184
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Feng Y, Jones MR, Chu NM, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco M. Ambient Air Pollution and Mortality among Older Patients Initiating Maintenance Dialysis. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:217-227. [PMID: 33789279 DOI: 10.1159/000514233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (particulate matter with diameter <2.5 µm [PM2.5]) is associated with CKD progression and may impact the health of patients living with kidney failure. While older (aged ≥65 years) adults are most vulnerable to the impact of PM2.5, it is unclear whether older patients on dialysis are at elevated risk of mortality when exposed to fine particulate matter. METHODS Older adults initiating dialysis (2010-2016) were identified from US Renal Data System (USRDS). PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from NASA's Socioeconomic Data and Application Center (SEDAC) Global Annual PM2.5 Grids. We investigated the association between PM2.5 and all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard models with linear splines [knot at the current Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Ambient Air Quality Standard for PM2.5 of 12 μg/m3] and robust variance. RESULTS For older dialysis patients who resided in areas with high PM2.5, a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with 1.16-fold (95% CI: 1.08-1.25) increased risk of mortality; furthermore, those who were female (aHR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13-1.42), Black (aHR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09-1.59), or had diabetes as a primary cause of kidney failure (aHR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.13-1.38) were most vulnerable to high PM2.5. While the mortality risk associated with PM2.5 was stronger at higher levels (aHR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08-1.32), at lower levels (≤12 μg/m3), PM2.5 was significantly associated with mortality risk (aHR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00-1.07) among patients aged ≥75 years (Pslope difference = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Older adults initiating dialysis who resided in ZIP codes with PM2.5 levels >12 μg/m3 are at increased risk of mortality. Those aged >75 were at elevated risk even at levels below the EPA Standard for PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Feng
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nadia M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mara McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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185
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Zhang Z, Weichenthal S, Kwong JC, Burnett RT, Hatzopoulou M, Jerrett M, van Donkelaar A, Bai L, Martin RV, Copes R, Lu H, Lakey P, Shiraiwa M, Chen H. A Population-Based Cohort Study of Respiratory Disease and Long-Term Exposure to Iron and Copper in Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Their Combined Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in Human Lungs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3807-3818. [PMID: 33666410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal components in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from nontailpipe emissions may play an important role in underlying the adverse respiratory effects of PM2.5. We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) in PM2.5 and their combined impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in human lungs, and the incidence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), COPD mortality, pneumonia mortality, and respiratory mortality. We conducted a population-based cohort study of ∼0.8 million adults in Toronto, Canada. Land-use regression models were used to estimate the concentrations of Fe, Cu, and ROS. Outcomes were ascertained using validated health administrative databases. We found positive associations between long-term exposure to Fe, Cu, and ROS and the risks of all five respiratory outcomes. The associations were more robust for COPD, pneumonia mortality, and respiratory mortality than for asthma incidence and COPD mortality. Stronger associations were observed for ROS than for either Fe or Cu. In two-pollutant models, adjustment for nitrogen dioxide somewhat attenuated the associations while adjustment for PM2.5 had little influence. Long-term exposure to Fe and Cu in PM2.5 and estimated ROS concentration in lung fluid was associated with increased incidence of respiratory diseases, suggesting the adverse respiratory effects of nontailpipe emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Zhang
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Scott Weichenthal
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Kwong
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Richard T Burnett
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Marianne Hatzopoulou
- Department of Civil and Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON ON M5S, Canada
| | - Michael Jerrett
- School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Li Bai
- ICES, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Harvard-Smithsonian Centre for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Ray Copes
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Hong Lu
- ICES, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Pascale Lakey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hong Chen
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
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186
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Alexeeff SE, Deosaransingh K, Liao NS, Van Den Eeden SK, Schwartz J, Sidney S. Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Risk in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 204:159-167. [PMID: 33662228 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202007-2901oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may be more susceptible to air pollution exposure. However, no study has examined the association between long-term fine particulate matter exposure (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter) and risk of cardiovascular events in this potentially vulnerable population. Objectives: To estimate the association between long-term fine particulate matter and risk of cardiovascular events among adults with COPD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 169,714 adults with COPD who were members of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health plan during 2007-2016. Electronic health record data were linked to 1 km modeled particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter exposure estimates. We fit Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, calendar year, smoking, body mass index, comorbidities, medications, and socioeconomic status. In low exposure analyses, we examined effects below the current regulation limit (12 μg/m3). Measurements and Main Results: Among adults with COPD, a 10-μg/m3 increase in 1-year mean fine particulate matter exposure was associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.20). Effects were stronger in low exposure analyses (hazard ratio, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.56-2.27). Fine particulate matter exposure was not associated with acute myocardial infarction or stroke in overall analyses. Conclusions: Long-term fine particulate matter exposure was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality among adults with COPD. Current regulations may not sufficiently protect those with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey E Alexeeff
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Kamala Deosaransingh
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | - Noelle S Liao
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
| | | | - Joel Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California; and
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187
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Classification of Critical Levels of CO Exposure of Firefigthers through Monitored Heart Rate. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051561. [PMID: 33668116 PMCID: PMC7956572 DOI: 10.3390/s21051561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation poses a serious health threat to firefighters (FFs), with potential effects including respiratory and cardiac disorders. In this work, environmental and physiological data were collected from FFs, during experimental fires performed in 2015 and 2019. Extending a previous work, which allowed us to conclude that changes in heart rate (HR) were associated with alterations in the inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO), we performed a HR analysis according to different levels of CO exposure during firefighting based on data collected from three FFs. Based on HR collected and on CO occupational exposure standards (OES), we propose a classifier to identify CO exposure levels through the HR measured values. An ensemble of 100 bagged classification trees was used and the classification of CO levels obtained an overall accuracy of 91.9%. The classification can be performed in real-time and can be embedded in a decision fire-fighting support system. This classification of FF’ exposure to critical CO levels, through minimally-invasive monitored HR, opens the possibility to identify hazardous situations, preventing and avoiding possible severe problems in FF’ health due to inhaled pollutants. The obtained results also show the importance of future studies on the relevance and influence of the exposure and inhalation of pollutants on the FF’ health, especially in what refers to hazardous levels of toxic air pollutants.
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188
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Hossain MS, Frey HC, Louie PKK, Lau AKH. Combined effects of increased O 3 and reduced NO 2 concentrations on short-term air pollution health risks in Hong Kong. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 270:116280. [PMID: 33360064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of NOx emissions in a VOC-limited region can lead to an increase of the local O3 concentration. An evaluation of the net health effects of such pollutant changes is therefore important to ascertain whether the emission control measures effectively improve the overall protection of public health. In this study, we use a short-term health risk (added health risk or AR) model developed for the multi-pollutant air quality health index (AQHI) in Hong Kong to examine the overall health impacts of these pollutant changes. We first investigate AR changes associated with NO2 and O3 changes, followed by those associated with changes in all four AQHI pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and particulate matter (PM)). Our results show that for the combined health effects of NO2 and O3 changes, there is a significant reduction in AR in urban areas with dense traffic, but no statistically significant changes in other less urbanized areas. The increase in estimated AR for higher O3 concentrations is offset by a decrease in the estimated AR for lower NO2 concentrations. In areas with dense traffic, the reduction in AR as a result of decreased NO2 is substantially larger than the increase in AR associated with increased O3. When additionally accounting for the change in ambient SO2 and PM, we found a statistically significant reduction in total AR everywhere in Hong Kong. Our results show that the emission control measures resulting in NO2, SO2, and PM reductions over the past decade have effectively reduced the AR over Hong Kong, even though these control measures may have partially contributed to an increase in O3 concentrations. Hence, efforts to reduce NOx, SO2, and PM should be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shakhaoat Hossain
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, United States
| | - H Christopher Frey
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7908, United States
| | - Peter K K Louie
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Environmental Protection Department of HKSAR Government, 33/F, Revenue Tower, 5 Gloucester Road, Wanchai, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alexis K H Lau
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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189
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Luglio DG, Katsigeorgis M, Hess J, Kim R, Adragna J, Raja A, Gordon C, Fine J, Thurston G, Gordon T, Vilcassim MR. PM2.5 Concentration and Composition in Subway Systems in the Northeastern United States. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:27001. [PMID: 33565894 PMCID: PMC7874921 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goals of this study were to assess the air quality in subway systems in the northeastern United States and estimate the health risks for transit workers and commuters. METHODS We report real-time and gravimetric PM2.5 concentrations and particle composition from area samples collected in the subways of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; New York City, New York/New Jersey (NYC/NJ); and Washington, District of Columbia. A total of 71 stations across 12 transit lines were monitored during morning and evening rush hours. RESULTS We observed variable and high PM2.5 concentrations for on-train and on-platform measurements during morning (from 0600 hours to 1000 hours) and evening (from 1500 hours to 1900 hours) rush hour across cities. Mean real-time PM2.5 concentrations in underground stations were 779±249, 548±207, 341±147, 327±136, and 112±46.7 μg/m3 for the PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia transit systems, respectively. In contrast, the mean real-time ambient PM2.5 concentration taken above ground outside the subway stations of PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia were 20.8±9.3, 24.1±9.3, 12.01±7.8, 10.0±2.7, and 12.6±12.6 μg/m3, respectively. Stations serviced by the PATH-NYC/NJ system had the highest mean gravimetric PM2.5 concentration, 1,020 μg/m3, ever reported for a subway system, including two 1-h gravimetric PM2.5 values of approximately 1,700 μg/m3 during rush hour at one PATH-NYC/NJ subway station. Iron and total carbon accounted for approximately 80% of the PM2.5 mass in a targeted subset of systems and stations. DISCUSSION Our results document that there is an elevation in the PM2.5 concentrations across subway systems in the major urban centers of Northeastern United States during rush hours. Concentrations in some subway stations suggest that transit workers and commuters may be at increased risk according to U.S. federal environmental and occupational guidelines, depending on duration of exposure. This concern is highest for the PM2.5 concentrations encountered in the PATH-NYC/NJ transit system. Further research is urgently needed to identify the sources of PM2.5 and factors that contribute to high levels in individual stations and lines and to assess their potential health impacts on workers and/or commuters. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7202.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Luglio
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Katsigeorgis
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jade Hess
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca Kim
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Adragna
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amna Raja
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Colin Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - George Thurston
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - M.J. Ruzmyn Vilcassim
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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190
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Lan Y, Ng CT, Ong CN, Yu LE, Bay BH. Transcriptomic analysis identifies dysregulated genes and functional networks in human small airway epithelial cells exposed to ambient PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111702. [PMID: 33396033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular models exhibiting human physiological features of pseudostratified columnar epithelia, provide a more realistic approach for elucidating detailed mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced pulmonary toxicity. In this study, we characterized the barrier and mucociliary functions of differentiated human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Due to the presence of mucociliary protection, particle internalization was reduced, with a concomitant decrease in cytotoxicity in differentiated S-ALI cells, as compared to conventional submerged SAEC cultures. After 24-hour exposure to PM2.5 surrogates, 117 up-regulated genes and 156 down-regulated genes were detected in S-ALI cells, through transcriptomic analysis using the Affymetrix Clariom™ S Human Array. Transcription-level changes in >60 signaling pathways, were revealed by functional annotation of the 273 differentially expressed genes, using the PANTHER Gene List Analysis. These pathways are involved in multiple cellular processes, that include inflammation and apoptosis. Exposure to urban PM2.5 led to complex responses in airway epithelia, including a net induction of downstream pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of using the more advanced ALI model rather than the undifferentiated submerged model, to avoid over-assessment of inhaled particle toxicity in human. The results of our study also suggest that reduction of ambient PM2.5 concentrations would have a protective effect on respiratory health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Cheng Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Liya E Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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Sun D, Liu Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Wu Z, Liu M, Li X, Guo X, Tao L. Long-term effects of fine particulate matter exposure on the progression of arterial stiffness. Environ Health 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33407540 PMCID: PMC7789369 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00688-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have investigated the association of PM2.5 exposure with arterial stiffness measured by ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), of which conclusions are inconsistent. Moreover, limited evidence is available on the contributory role of PM2.5 exposure on the arterial stiffness index. METHODS We used the population data from the Beijing Health Management Cohort and conducted a longitudinal analysis. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 for 35 air pollutant monitoring sites in Beijing from 2014 to 2018 was used to estimate individual exposure by different interpolation methods. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were conducted to assess the association of annual average PM2.5 concentration with the incidence of higher baPWV, the progression of ABI, and baPWV, respectively. RESULTS The association between PM2.5 exposure and incidence of higher baPWV was not significant (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.82-1.50, P = 0.497). There was - 0.16% (95% CI: - 0.43-0.11%) decrease in ABI annually and 1.04% (95% CI: 0.72-1.37%) increase in baPWV annually with each increment of 10 μg/m3 average PM2.5 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with the progression of arterial stiffness in Beijing. This study suggests that improvement of air quality may help to prevent arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianqin Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021 China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069 China
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192
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Kataoka H, Tanaka K, Tazuya-Murayama K, Yamashita T, Nishikawa JI. Cytotoxic Effects of Water-Soluble Extracts of Coarse and Fine Atmospheric Particulate Matter on Mast Cell Lines. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:57-62. [PMID: 33390550 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution causes serious health disorders, because PM2.5 becomes deposited in the tracheobronchial and alveoli regions. In the extrathoracic region, there are more deposits of coarse particulate matter than fine particulates. As adverse health issues caused by coarse particulates have not been well investigated, this study examined the cytotoxicity of water-soluble extracts of both fine (0.05-3 µm, PM0.05-3) and coarse (> 3 µm, PM>3) particulates collected from April 2016 to March 2019 in Fukuoka, Japan. Also evaluated were concentrations of NH4+ and SO42-, multi-components of well-known secondary generation substances. The findings revealed that PM>3 showed stronger cytotoxic effects on mast cell lines than PM0.05-3. Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations of over 15 mM of (NH4)2SO4 and over 30 mM of NH4Cl. In contrast, Na2SO4 caused few cytotoxic effects up to a concentration of 50 mM. The causative substances for this cytotoxicity may not have been NH4+ and SO42- because their PM>3 concentrations indicating the largest cytotoxic effects were 1 and 0.4 mM, respectively. The cytotoxicities of PM>3 and PM0.05-3 were the highest in the first half of FY2016. These cytotoxicities seem to be due to cross-border pollution, although this pollution has been declining in recent years. An increasing trend of cytotoxicity was observed in the second half of FY2018. This study showed that cytotoxicity and particulate concentrations are not always correlated. Thus, we should focus not only on the quantity of atmospheric particulate matter, but also on its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | | | - Taku Yamashita
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
| | - Jun-Ichi Nishikawa
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University
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193
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Shi W, Liu C, Annesi-Maesano I, Norback D, Deng Q, Huang C, Qian H, Zhang X, Sun Y, Wang T, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Zhang Y, Li B, Kan H, Zhao Z. Ambient PM 2.5 and its chemical constituents on lifetime-ever pneumonia in Chinese children: A multi-center study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106176. [PMID: 33220537 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 and chemical constituents on childhood pneumonia were still unknown. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 30,315 children in the China Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) project, involving 205 preschools in six cities in China, to investigate the long-term effects of PM2.5 constituents on lifetime-ever diagnosed pneumonia. Information on the lifetime-ever pneumonia and demographics were collected by validated questionnaires. The lifetime annual average ambient PM2.5, ozone and five main PM2.5 constituents, including SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, organic matter (OM) and black carbon (BC), were estimated according to preschool addresses by a combination of satellite remote sensing, chemical transport modeling and ground-based monitors. The prevalence of lifetime-ever diagnosed pneumonia was 34.5% across six cities and differed significantly among cities (p = 0.004). The two-level logistic regression models showed that the adjusted odds ratio for PM2.5 (per 10 µg/m3) and its constituents (per 1 µg/m3)-SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and OM were 1.12 (95% CI:1.07-1.18), 1.02 (1.00-1.04), 1.06 (1.04-1.09), 1.05 (1.03-1.07) and 1.09 (1.06-1.12), respectively. Children in urban area, aged < 5 years and breastfeeding time < 6 months enhanced the risks of pneumonia. Our study provided robust results that long-term levels of ambient PM2.5 and its constituents increased the risk of childhood pneumonia, especially NH4+, NO3- and OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Shi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department, IPLESP, Sorbonne Université and INSERM, Medical School Saint-Antoine, F75012 Paris, France
| | - Dan Norback
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Qihong Deng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chen Huang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hua Qian
- School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuexia Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Nursing & Health Management, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, B3H 4R2 Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Baizhan Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Zhuohui Zhao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Health Technology Assessment (Fudan University), Shanghai Typhoon Institute/CMA, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai 200030, China.
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194
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Zhou H, Geng H, Dong C, Bai T. The short-term harvesting effects of ambient particulate matter on mortality in Taiyuan elderly residents: A time-series analysis with a generalized additive distributed lag model. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111235. [PMID: 32942099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation on mortality displacement and distributed lag effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) on death risks is important to understand the positive association of short-term pollution from both ambient PM10 and PM2.5 with daily mortality. Herein, short-term influences of urban PM10 and PM2.5 exposure on the mortality of respiratory diseases (RD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were studied at Taiyuan, China, a typical inland city suffering from heavy ambient PM loading and having high morbidity of RD and CVD. Using a time-series analysis with generalized additive distributed lag model (DLM), the potential mortality displacement was determined and the single-day and cumulative lag-day effects of PM on mortality were estimated after the daily mass concentrations of urban PM2.5 and PM10 from January 2013 to October 2015 and the daily number of non-accidental death (NAD) and cause-specific mortality in the residents aged more than 65 years old were obtained. Results showed there were significant associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with daily mortality on the current day and within one week. And a statistically significant increase (P < 0.05) in the cumulative effect estimates of PM2.5 and PM10 on CVD, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and myocardial infarction (MI) mortality (as well as PM2.5 on NAD) was observed, while the associations of PM2.5 with RD and pneumonia mortality, PM10 with NAD and RD mortality were not statistically significant, when the exposure window was extended to lag 0-30 days. It was concluded that there were harvesting effects and cumulative effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 on the elderly residents' mortality due to RD and CVD at Taiyuan and they could be estimated quantitatively when the broader time window was used, suggesting that the underestimation on the association of ambient PM with non-accidental death can be avoided using the present method in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hong Geng
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Tao Bai
- Department of pathology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
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195
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Alexeeff SE, Liao NS, Liu X, Van Den Eeden SK, Sidney S. Long-Term PM 2.5 Exposure and Risks of Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke Events: Review and Meta-Analysis. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 10:e016890. [PMID: 33381983 PMCID: PMC7955467 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Fine particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) has known effects on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, no study has quantified and compared the risks of incident myocardial infarction, incident stroke, ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality in relation to long‐term PM2.5 exposure. Methods and Results We sought to quantitatively summarize studies of long‐term PM2.5 exposure and risk of IHD and stroke events by conducting a review and meta‐analysis of studies published by December 31, 2019. The main outcomes were myocardial infarction, stroke, IHD mortality, and cerebrovascular mortality. Random effects meta‐analyses were used to estimate the combined risk of each outcome among studies. We reviewed 69 studies and included 42 studies in the meta‐analyses. In meta‐analyses, we found that a 10‐µg/m3 increase in long‐term PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of 23% for IHD mortality (95% CI, 15%–31%), 24% for cerebrovascular mortality (95% CI, 13%–36%), 13% for incident stroke (95% CI, 11%–15%), and 8% for incident myocardial infarction (95% CI, −1% to 18%). There were an insufficient number of studies of recurrent stroke and recurrent myocardial infarction to conduct meta‐analyses. Conclusions Long‐term PM2.5 exposure is associated with increased risks of IHD mortality, cerebrovascular mortality, and incident stroke. The relationship with incident myocardial infarction is suggestive of increased risk but not conclusive. More research is needed to understand the relationship with recurrent events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xi Liu
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA
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196
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Li J, Lu X, Liu F, Liang F, Huang K, Yang X, Xiao Q, Chen J, Liu X, Cao J, Chen S, Shen C, Yu L, Lu F, Wu X, Zhao L, Wu X, Li Y, Hu D, Huang J, Zhu M, Liu Y, Shen H, Gu D. Chronic Effects of High Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Lung Cancer in China. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 202:1551-1559. [PMID: 32614242 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202001-0002oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Limited cohort studies have evaluated chronic effects of high fine particulate matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) exposure on lung cancer.Objectives: To investigate the response pattern of lung cancer associated with high PM2.5 exposure.Methods: A Chinese cohort of 118,551 participants was followed up from 1992 to 2015. By incorporating PM2.5 exposure at 1 km spatial resolution generated using the satellite-based model during 2000-2015, we estimated the association between lung cancer and time-weighted average PM2.5 concentration using Cox proportional hazard models.Measurements and Main Results: A total of 844 incident lung cancer cases were identified during 915,053 person-years of follow-up. Among them, 701 lung cancer deaths occurred later. The exposure-response curves for lung cancer associated with PM2.5 exposure were nonlinear, with steeper slopes at the higher concentrations. Adjusted for age, sex, geographical region, urbanization, education level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, work-related physical activity, and body mass index, participants exposed to the second-fifth quintiles of PM2.5 had higher risk for lung cancer incidence than those exposed to the first quintile, with hazard ratios of 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.88), 1.49 (95% CI, 1.12-1.99), 2.08 (95% CI, 1.42-3.04), and 2.45 (95% CI, 1.83-3.29), respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios for lung cancer mortality were 1.83 (95% CI, 1.33-2.50), 1.80 (95% CI, 1.29-2.53), 2.50 (95% CI, 1.62-3.86), and 2.95 (95% CI, 2.09-4.17), respectively.Conclusions: We provide strong evidence that high PM2.5 exposure leads to an elevated risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality, highlighting that remarkable public health benefits could be obtained from the improvement of air quality in highly polluted regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchao Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyang Xiao
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jichun Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, and
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fanghong Lu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xianping Wu
- Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Liancheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xigui Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, and.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, and.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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197
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Pavanello S, Campisi M, Mastrangelo G, Hoxha M, Bollati V. The effects of everyday-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on biological age indicators. Environ Health 2020; 19:128. [PMID: 33272294 PMCID: PMC7713168 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00669-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Further knowledge on modifiable aging risk factors is required to mitigate the increasing burden of age-related diseases in a rapidly growing global demographic of elderly individuals. We explored the effect of everyday exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are fundamental constituents of air pollution, on cellular biological aging. This was determined via the analysis of leukocyte telomere length (LTL), mitochondrial DNA copy number (LmtDNAcn), and by the formation of anti-benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide (B[a]PDE-DNA) adducts. METHODS The study population consisted of 585 individuals living in North-East Italy. PAH exposure (diet, indoor activities, outdoor activities, traffic, and residential exposure) and smoking behavior were assessed by questionnaire and anti-B[a]PDE-DNA by high-performance-liquid-chromatography. LTL, LmtDNAcn and genetic polymorphisms [glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 (GSTM1; GSTT1)] were measured by polymerase chain reaction. Structural equation modelling analysis evaluated these complex relationships. RESULTS Anti-B[a]PDE-DNA enhanced with PAH exposure (p = 0.005) and active smoking (p = 0.0001), whereas decreased with detoxifying GSTM1 (p = 0.021) and in females (p = 0.0001). Subsequently, LTL and LmtDNAcn reduced with anti-B[a]PDE-DNA (p = 0.028 and p = 0.018), particularly in males (p = 0.006 and p = 0.0001). Only LTL shortened with age (p = 0.001) while elongated with active smoking (p = 0.0001). Besides this, the most significant determinants of PAH exposure that raised anti-B[a]PDE-DNA were indoor and diet (p = 0.0001), the least was outdoor (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION New findings stemming from our study suggest that certain preventable everyday life exposures to PAHs reduce LTL and LmtDNAcn. In particular, the clear association with indoor activities, diet, and gender opens new perspectives for tailored preventive measures in age-related diseases. CAPSULE Everyday life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reduces leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number through anti-B[a]PDE-DNA adduct formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
- Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Unità di Medicina del Lavoro, Padova, Italy
| | - Manuela Campisi
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Medicina del Lavoro, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardio- Toraco- Vascolari e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mirjam Hoxha
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET – Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Preventiva, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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198
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Yin S. Biomass burning spatiotemporal variations over South and Southeast Asia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106153. [PMID: 33002702 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer active fire and land use products were integrated to extract and classify biomass burning (BB) data for South Asia (SA) and Southeast Asia (SEA). Several trend and geographic distribution analyses were conducted at the grid (0.25° × 0.25°) and regional scales. As the principal local form of BB, crop residue burning (CRB) in SA increased by 844 spots/yr, and the Mann-Kendall (MK) τ reached 0.61. Additionally, the CRB in Punjab-Haryana, a region a well-known for severest CRB, presented a significant declining trend. BB in mainland SEA was much more intense and was dominated by forest and shrubland fires. Forest fires in mainland SEA declined at a rate of -209 spots/yr, and shrubland fire conversely grew at a rate of 803 spots/yr, which was likely related to the dramatic land cover change induced by the local swidden agriculture. Unlike other regions, BB in equatorial SEA primarily occurred in the second half of the year (August to October), and it was extremely vulnerable to El Niño events. When the annual sea surface temperature anomalies within the Niño 3 region improved by 1 °C, the annual BB spots and fire radiative power in equatorial SEA increased by 5.18 × 104 and 2.40 × 106 MW, respectively. Although the interannual variations in equatorial SEA were dramatic, the robust Siegel's repeated median estimator still revealed that equatorial SEA BB significantly declined by -1825 spots/yr. This regional decline reflects government endeavors to curb indigenous BB. However, regions with enhanced BB still need to draw more attention, and it is imperative for the Indonesian government to take substantial measures to reduce anthropogenic fire sources during El Niño events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 3058506, Japan.
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199
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Niu Z, Liu F, Li B, Li N, Yu H, Wang Y, Tang H, Chen X, Lu Y, Cheng Z, Liu S, Chen G, Zhang Y, Xiang H. Acute effect of ambient fine particulate matter on heart rate variability: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:77. [PMID: 33261557 PMCID: PMC7706193 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). Previous studies have suggested that exposure to PM2.5 may lead to decreased HRV levels, but the results remain inconsistent. Methods An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM2.5 on HRV. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase) to identify panel studies reporting the associations between exposure to PM2.5 and the four indicators of HRV (standard deviation of all normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences in adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (rMSSD), high frequency power (HF), and low frequency power (LF)). Random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect estimates. Results A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 exposure which was significantly associated with a − 0.92% change in SDNN (95% confidence intervals (95%CI) − 1.26%, − 0.59%), − 1.47% change in rMSSD (95%CI − 2.17%, − 0.77%), − 2.17% change in HF (95%CI − 3.24%, − 1.10%), and − 1.52% change in LF (95%CI − 2.50%, − 0.54%), respectively. Overall, subgroup analysis suggested that short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower HRV levels in Asians, healthy population, and those aged ≥ 40 years. Conclusion Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with decreased HRV levels. Future studies are warranted to clarity the exact mechanism of exposure to PM2.5 on the cardiovascular system through disturbance of autonomic nervous function. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-020-00912-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Niu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Baojing Li
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18, Solna, SE-171 65, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Na Li
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 37# Shierqiao Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Environmental Health Laboratory, Department of Public Health Sciences, University Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Zilu Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122# Luoshi Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Suyang Liu
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Gongbo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China. .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hao Xiang
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China. .,Global Health Institute, Wuhan University, 115# Donghu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Yang J, Xu L. How does China's air pollution influence its labor wage distortions? Theoretical and empirical analysis from the perspective of spatial spillover effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140843. [PMID: 32726697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the impact of air pollution on Chinese labor wage distortions, especially the impact caused by neighboring air pollution, which is the spatial spillover effects of pollution. METHODS It first constructs a theoretical model to explain the effect of air pollution on wage distortions theoretically. Then, based on the measurement of wage distortions of 289 cities from 1998 to 2016, it further uses the Spatial Durbin Model to examine the influences and influencing mechanisms empirically. RESULTS The results show that labor wages are negatively distorted during the sample period, with the real wages being lower than the marginal product labor (MPL). Besides, local air pollution significantly exacerbates wage distortions through the production input effect that increases MPL, with a 1% increase in air pollution leading to a 0.0842% and 0.1038% increase in wage distortions and MPL, respectively. The spatial spillover effects suggest that air pollution from neighborhoods significantly reduces local wage distortions through the human capital effect that decreases MPL, and the elastic coefficients of neighboring air pollution on wage distortions and MPL are -0.6078 and - 0.8870, respectively. Besides, the heterogeneity test indicates the magnitude and the significance of the impacts vary in the eastern, central, and western regions. CONCLUSION Our analysis calls for collaborative governance in both air pollution and labor market liberalization and the simultaneous growth of real wages and labor productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Lan Xu
- School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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