151
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Zhou E, Li Z, Nakashima H, Liu C, Ying Z, Foks AC, Berbée JFP, van Dijk KW, Rensen PCN, Wang Y. Hepatic Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Knockdown Reduces Atherosclerosis and Enhances the Antiatherosclerotic Effect of Brown Fat Activation in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1474-1486. [PMID: 33567866 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apolipoprotein E3/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E3/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/genetics
- Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/metabolism
- Dioxoles/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Humans
- Lipids/blood
- Lipolysis/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Enchen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Cong Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Zhixiong Ying
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C Foks
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, The Netherlands (A.C.F.)
| | - Jimmy F P Berbée
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics (K.W.v.D.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (P.C.N.R., Y.W.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine (E.Z., Z.L., H.N., C.L., Z.Y., J.F.P.B., KW.v.D., P.C.N.R., Y.W.), Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (P.C.N.R., Y.W.)
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152
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Schaltenberg N, John C, Heine M, Haumann F, Rinninger F, Scheja L, Heeren J, Worthmann A. Endothelial Lipase Is Involved in Cold-Induced High-Density Lipoprotein Turnover and Reverse Cholesterol Transport in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:628235. [PMID: 33748195 PMCID: PMC7973023 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.628235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiologic activation of thermogenic brown and white adipose tissues (BAT/WAT) by cold exposure triggers heat production by adaptive thermogenesis, a process known to ameliorate hyperlipidemia and protect from atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, it has been shown that thermogenic activation increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-dependent hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and accelerates the generation of cholesterol-enriched remnants and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which promotes cholesterol flux from the periphery to the liver. HDL is also subjected to hydrolysis by endothelial lipase (EL) (encoded by LIPG). Genome-wide association studies have identified various variants of EL that are associated with altered HDL cholesterol levels. However, a potential role of EL in BAT-mediated HDL metabolism has not been investigated so far. In the present study, we show that in mice, cold-stimulated activation of thermogenic adipocytes induced expression of Lipg in BAT and inguinal WAT but that loss of Lipg did not affect gene expression of thermogenic markers. Furthermore, in both wild type (WT) and Lipg-deficient mice, activation of thermogenesis resulted in a decline of HDL cholesterol levels. However, cold-induced remodeling of the HDL lipid composition was different between WT and Lipg-deficient mice. Notably, radioactive tracer studies with double-labeled HDL indicated that cold-induced hepatic HDL cholesterol clearance was lower in Lipg-deficient mice. Moreover, this reduced clearance was associated with impaired macrophage-to-feces cholesterol transport. Overall, these data indicate that EL is a determinant of HDL lipid composition, cholesterol flux, and HDL turnover in conditions of high thermogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Schaltenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of General Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clara John
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Haumann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Rinninger
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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153
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Adorni MP, Ronda N, Bernini F, Zimetti F. High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030574. [PMID: 33807918 PMCID: PMC8002038 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Adorni
- Unit of Neurosciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy;
| | - Nicoletta Ronda
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
| | - Franco Bernini
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (N.R.); (F.Z.)
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154
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SR-BI deficiency disassociates obesity from hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance development in high fat diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 89:108564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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155
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Gong J, Asher SB, Cucchiara B, Cuchel M, Soffer D. Case report: 68 yo Chinese-American woman with high HDL-C and ischemic stroke attributed to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. J Clin Lipidol 2021; 15:248-254. [PMID: 33573892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events are the most common cause of death in the United States and for most individuals who experience these events, may be predicted by risk identification tools. ASCVD risk calculators enable a clinician-patient discussion and the presence of risk-enhancing factors may further inform decision-making with respect to preventive pharmacotherapy, especially statin prescription. In cases where the decision of whether to treat with medicine is unclear, coronary artery calcium scoring by computed tomography offers enhanced risk stratification and may allow both clinicians and patients to feel more at ease with the decision to withhold statin therapy. Despite this thoughtful approach, individual risk may still be underestimated. We present a case of a woman whose family history suggested increased short- and long-term ASCVD risk due to intracranial atherosclerosis, but whose tests suggested a more equivocal indication for treatment. Neither she nor her clinician appreciated the presence of significant enough risk to persevere through minor statin side effects for primary prevention, but she was lucky to have survived without appreciable harm from an acute cerebrovascular event and is now able to pursue an appropriate secondary preventive strategy. We discuss how exceptional characteristics may mislead clinicians, including misperception about lower risk due to gender, East Asian predisposition to intracranial more than coronary atherosclerosis, high levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and CACS = 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gong
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Brett Cucchiara
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel Soffer
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
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156
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May SC, Dron JS, Hegele RA, Sahoo D. Human variant of scavenger receptor BI (R174C) exhibits impaired cholesterol transport functions. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100045. [PMID: 33577783 PMCID: PMC7985710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
HDL and its primary receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), work together to promote the clearance of excess plasma cholesterol, thereby protecting against atherosclerosis. Human variants of SR-BI have been identified in patients with high HDL-cholesterol levels, and at least one variant has been linked to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, while often regarded as beneficial, very high levels of HDL-cholesterol may result from impaired cholesterol clearance through SR-BI and contribute to cardiovascular risk. In this study, we characterized the function of a rare human variant of SR-BI, resulting in the substitution of arginine-174 with cysteine (R174C), which was previously identified in a heterozygous individual with high levels of HDL-cholesterol. We hypothesized that the R174C-SR-BI variant has impaired cholesterol transport functions, which were assessed in COS-7 cells after transient transfection with full-length WT or R174C-SR-BI. Although R174C-SR-BI was expressed at levels comparable to the WT receptor, HDL binding, cholesteryl hexadecyl ether uptake, free cholesterol efflux, and modulation of membrane cholesterol were disrupted in the presence of R174C-SR-BI. We further examined the role of salt bridges as a potential mechanism for R174C-SR-BI dysfunction. If translatable, this human variant could lead to increased plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, impaired cholesterol clearance, and increased cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C May
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline S Dron
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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157
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Li W, Liu X, Huang C, Liu L, Tan X, Wang X. The loss-of-function mutation of CETP affects HDLc levels but not ApoA1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:602-607. [PMID: 33358712 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Loss of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) function affects HDLc levels, but its effects on major HDL protein component ApoA1 are not well understood in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the effects of an East Asian loss-of-function variant (rs2303790; p.D442G) in CETP gene on HDLc and ApoA1 levels and its relationship with AMI. A total of 2327 AMI patients and 2615 age- and sex-matched controls from INTERHEART-China study were included. In controls, both levels of HDLc (1.24 vs. 1.04 mmol/L, P = 0.001) and ApoA1 (1.48 vs. 1.37 mmol/L, P = 0.042) were significantly higher in CETP variant G allele carriers compared to CETP wildtype D allele carriers. In AMI patients, levels of HDLc were significantly higher (1.14 vs. 1.01 mmol/L, P = 0.013) while levels of ApoA1 were not statistically difference (1.31 vs. 1.32 mmol/L, P = 0.468) in CETP variant group compared to CETP wildtype group. Moreover, CETP variant is associated with HDLc increase, but is not associated with AMI risk (P = 0.564), even after adjusting for age, sex, history of hypertension and diabetes, waist to hip ratio, smoking, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, physical activity, depression, alcohol, vegetables and fruit consumption. CONCLUSIONS Loss of CETP function is associated with increased HDLc and ApoA1 levels in healthy subjects, and in AMI patients, it is associated with HDLc levels but not ApoA1 levels. The lack of association of CETP variant with AMI may be related to the inability to increase ApoA1 levels and warranted further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China; Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyi Huang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Liusheng Liu
- Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Beijing Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China.
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158
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Mineo C. Lipoprotein receptor signalling in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1254-1274. [PMID: 31834409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The founding member of the lipoprotein receptor family, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) plays a major role in the atherogenesis through the receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Since the discovery of the LDLR, many other structurally and functionally related receptors have been identified, which include low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP)1, LRP5, LRP6, very low-density lipoprotein receptor, and apolipoprotein E receptor 2. The scavenger receptor family members, on the other hand, constitute a family of pattern recognition proteins that are structurally diverse and recognize a wide array of ligands, including oxidized LDL. Among these are cluster of differentiation 36, scavenger receptor class B type I and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1. In addition to the initially assigned role as a mediator of the uptake of macromolecules into the cell, a large number of studies in cultured cells and in in vivo animal models have revealed that these lipoprotein receptors participate in signal transduction to modulate cellular functions. This review highlights the signalling pathways by which these receptors influence the process of atherosclerosis development, focusing on their roles in the vascular cells, such as macrophages, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and platelets. Human genetics of the receptors is also discussed to further provide the relevance to cardiovascular disease risks in humans. Further knowledge of the vascular biology of the lipoprotein receptors and their ligands will potentially enhance our ability to harness the mechanism to develop novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Department of Pediatrics and Cell Biology, Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-9063, USA
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159
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Yang Y, Han K, Park SH, Kim MK, Yoon KH, Lee SH. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Cause-Specific Mortality: a Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:74-87. [PMID: 33537255 PMCID: PMC7838511 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cause-specific mortality. Methods Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, we identified 343,687 subjects (men, 176,243; women, 167,444) aged ≥20 years who underwent health examinations between 2009 and 2012. HDL-C levels were categorized based on the concentration with 10 mg/dL intervals, starting from levels <30 mg/dL, with levels ≥90 mg/dL considered the highest. The endpoints of the study were newly-diagnosed MI, stroke, or mortality. We used the Cox proportional hazards model with restricted cubic splines. Results During a median follow-up of 6.0 years, the number of cases of death, MI, and stroke were 6,617, 4,064, and 3,435 in men and 3,677, 2,804, and 2,891 in women, respectively. The risk of all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, other mortality, and stroke was the lowest at HDL-C concentrations of 57-76 mg/dL in the spline curves; inverse associations with increased risk were observed at the lower HDL-C levels. In contrast, the lowest risk of cardiovascular mortality and MI was observed at the extreme high end. In men, there was a significant inverse and graded increase in hazard ratios of all outcomes in the lower HDL-C categories compared to the reference group (50-59 mg/dL). In the higher HDL-C categories, no significant increase in outcomes was observed. Women showed similar trends. Conclusion The risk of mortality, MI, and stroke was high at low HDL-C levels in the Korean general population. However, extremely high HDL-C levels were not associated with an increased risk of mortality, MI, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoree Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Catholic Smart Health Care Center, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kyoung Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kun-Ho Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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160
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Wei F, Ren B, Han W, Guan H, Jing G, Wang M. Investigate the Effect of miR-22 on the Apoptosis of Coronary Heart Disease Cells Through the Wnt-1 Pathway Based on Nano-Silica-Induced Rat Models. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 21:1338-1344. [PMID: 33183481 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2021.18637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, by examining the toxicity of nano-silica to coronary heart disease cells, we explored the apoptosis of rat myocardial cells induced by nano-silica, and explored the effect of apoptosis on cells during the process of myocardial cytotoxicity induced by nano-silica. This article selects rat cardiomyocytes as the research object and conducts a group control experiment. A control group is set up with cells that are not stained with nano-silica. Different concentrations of nanosilica suspensions are applied to rat cells and detected by CCK-8 method. Cell survival rate after exposure to different concentrations of cells is used to determine the most stable exposure time and concentration. We used flow cytometry to detect intracellular reactive oxygen species and apoptotic rates, and used Western Blot to detect the expression of proteins that affect apoptosis. Finally, we investigated the effect of the Wnt signaling pathway on coronary heart disease. The Wnt signaling pathway regulates the development of the heart and blood vessels. In the treatment of cardiovascular disease, this pathway will be activated again to play a regulatory role. We conclude that nano-silica can induce cytotoxicity in rat myocardial cells through the Wnt-1 pathway, and nanosilica can induce myocardial cell apoptosis through the Wnt-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baojun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hong Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guoqiang Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010050, Inner Mongolia, China
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161
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Yu L, Dai Y, Mineo C. Novel Functions of Endothelial Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:6. [PMID: 33420646 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00903-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) serves a key role in the reverse cholesterol transport in the liver as the high-affinity receptor for HDL. SR-BI is abundantly expressed in endothelium, and earlier works indicate that the receptor mediates anti-atherogenic actions of HDL. However, more recent studies uncovered novel functions of endothelial SR-BI as a lipoprotein transporter, which regulates transcellular transport process of both LDL and HDL. This brief review focuses on the unique functions of endothelial SR-BI and how they influence atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Earlier studies indicate that SR-BI facilitates anti-atherogenic actions of HDL through modulation of intracellular signaling to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase. In vivo studies in global SR-BI knockout mice also showed a strong atheroprotective role of the receptor; however, a contribution of endothelial SR-BI to atherosclerosis process in vivo has not been fully appreciated. Recent studies using cultured endothelial cells and in mice with endothelial-specific deletion of the receptor revealed previously unappreciated pro-atherogenic actions of SR-BI, which relates to its ability to deliver LDL into arteries. On the other hand, SR-BI has also been implicated in transport of HDL to the sub-intimal space as a part of reverse cholesterol transport. SR-BI mediates internalization and transcellular transport of both HDL and LDL, and the cellular and molecular mechanism of the process has just begun to emerge. Harnessing these dual transport functions of the endothelial SR-BI may provide a novel, effective intervention to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Yu
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yao Dai
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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162
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW To evaluate recent studies related to the paradox of high HDL-C with mortality and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. RECENT FINDINGS Two observational studies (Cardiovascular Health in Ambulatory Care Research Team [CANHEART] and Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study [Copenhagen Heart Studies]) of adults without pre-existing ASCVD have shown a significant U-shaped association of HDL-C with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Both studies showed that low HDL-C levels consistently increased hazard risk (HR) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. In the CANHEART study, high HDL-C levels, HDL-C > 90 mg/dL, were associated with increased HR for non-CVD/non-cancer mortality. In the Copenhagen Heart Studies, women with HDL-C ≥ 135 mg/dL showed increased HR for all-cause and CVD mortality, while men with HDL-C > 97 mg/dL showed increased HR for all-cause and CVD mortality. Genetic association studies failed to show that genetic etiologies of high HDL-C significantly reduced risk for myocardial infarction (MI), while hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4A) was significantly associated with high HDL-C and increased MI risk. Candidate gene studies have identified scavenger receptor B class I (SCARB1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) as genes significantly associated with high HDL-C and increased MI risk. Low HDL-C remains as a significant factor for increased disease risk while high HDL-C levels are not associated with cardioprotection. Clinical CVD risk calculators need revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Rodriguez
- Cell Biology, Linda and David Roth Chair of Cardiovascular Health, Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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163
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Cho YK, Jung CH. HDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk: You Don't Need to Worry about Extremely High HDL-C Levels. J Lipid Atheroscler 2021; 10:57-61. [PMID: 33537253 PMCID: PMC7838515 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2021.10.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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164
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Wallimann-Annema W. [The Current Significance of Measuring HDL-Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment]. PRAXIS 2021; 110:383-390. [PMID: 34019448 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Current Significance of Measuring HDL-Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Abstract. In clinical practice, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are frequently used for cardiovascular risk prediction. HDL particles perform numerous functions that theoretically protect against atherosclerosis. Accordingly, extensive studies have clearly demonstrated that low HDL-C is an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, it is now considered questionable whether very high HDL-C levels are always cardioprotective. This may be explained by the structural heterogeneity of HDL particles and the loss of HDL protective functions in the context of disease, which cannot be detected by the simple measurement of HDL-C. In the future new markers of the functional capacity of HDL particles may replace HDL-C as a traditional parameter for cardiovascular risk assessment.
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165
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Xu Y, Li Y, Jadhav K, Pan X, Zhu Y, Hu S, Chen S, Chen L, Tang Y, Wang HH, Yang L, Wang DQH, Yin L, Zhang Y. Hepatocyte ATF3 protects against atherosclerosis by regulating HDL and bile acid metabolism. Nat Metab 2021; 3:59-74. [PMID: 33462514 PMCID: PMC7856821 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 is known to have an anti-inflammatory function, yet the role of hepatic ATF3 in lipoprotein metabolism or atherosclerosis remains unknown. Here we show that overexpression of human ATF3 in hepatocytes reduces the development of atherosclerosis in Western-diet-fed Ldlr-/- or Apoe-/- mice, whereas hepatocyte-specific ablation of Atf3 has the opposite effect. We further show that hepatic ATF3 expression is inhibited by hydrocortisone. Mechanistically, hepatocyte ATF3 enhances high-density lipoprotein (HDL) uptake, inhibits intestinal fat and cholesterol absorption and promotes macrophage reverse cholesterol transport by inducing scavenger receptor group B type 1 (SR-BI) and repressing cholesterol 12α-hydroxylase (CYP8B1) in the liver through its interaction with p53 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, respectively. Our data demonstrate that hepatocyte ATF3 is a key regulator of HDL and bile acid metabolism and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyong Xu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, the Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kavita Jadhav
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingdong Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Shuwei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Shaoru Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Liuying Chen
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Helen H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Divison of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - David Q-H Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Liya Yin
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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166
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Harsløf M, Pedersen KM, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S. Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High White Blood Cell Counts: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:976-987. [PMID: 33327746 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Animal studies suggest that HDL (high-density lipoprotein) regulates proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we tested the hypothesis that low HDL cholesterol is associated with high white blood cell counts. Approach and Results: We included 107 952 individuals aged 20 to 100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study with information on HDL cholesterol, white blood cell counts, and 9 genetic variants associated with HDL cholesterol. In multivariable-adjusted observational analyses, HDL cholesterol was inversely associated with white blood cell counts. On a continuous scale, a 1-mmol/L (39 mg/dL) lower HDL cholesterol was associated with 5.1% (95% CI, 4.7%-5.4%) higher leukocytes, 4.5% (95% CI, 4.0%-4.9%) higher neutrophils, 5.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.1%) higher lymphocytes, 5.7% (95% CI, 5.3%-6.2%) higher monocytes, 14.8% (95% CI, 13.9%-15.8%) higher eosinophils, and 3.9% (95% CI, 3.1%-4.7%) higher basophils. In age- and sex-adjusted genetic analyses using the inverse-variance weighted analysis, a 1-mmol/L (39 mg/dL) genetically determined lower HDL cholesterol was associated with 2.2% (95% CI, 0.3%-4.1%) higher leukocytes, 4.3% (95% CI, 1.6%-7.1%) higher lymphocytes, 4.3% (95% CI, 2.6%-6.1%) higher monocytes, and 4.8% (95% CI, 1.2%-8.5%) higher eosinophils. Overall, the genetic associations were robust across sensitivity analyses and replicated using summary statistics from the UK Biobank with up to 350 470 individuals. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and hence lifelong low HDL cholesterol was associated with high peripheral blood leukocytes, including high lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. The concordance between observational and genetic estimates and independent replication suggest a potential causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Harsløf
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark
| | - Kasper M Pedersen
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
| | - Shoaib Afzal
- The Copenhagen General Population Study at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry (M.H., K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (K.M.P., B.G.N., S.A.)
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167
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Ma C, Zhang J, Yang S, Hua Y, Su J, Shang Y, Wang Z, Feng K, Zhang J, Yang X, Zhang H, Mao J, Fan G. Astragalus Flavone Ameliorates Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis Via Inhibiting Lipid-Disorder and Inflammation in apoE -/- Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:610550. [PMID: 33381046 PMCID: PMC7768082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.610550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major pathogenic driver of cardiovascular diseases. Foam cell formation plays a key role in atherogenesis, which is affected by lipid disorder and inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of foam cell formation is a therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis treatment. Total flavone of Astragalus membranaceus (TFA) is extracted from A. membranaceus that has protective effect on cardiovascular disease. However, the effect of TFA on atherosclerosis and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we determined whether TFA could inhibit atherosclerosis and uncovered the underlying mechanism. In vivo, ApoE deficient mice were treated with TFA and high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Subsequently, atherosclerotic lesions, hepatic steatosis and associated genes expression in vitro and in vivo were determined. We found that TFA reduced atherosclerotic lesion size and enhanced plaque stability, which might be attributed to improved lipid disorder, reduced inflammation and decreased monocyte adhesion. Mechanistically, TFA inhibited hepatic steatosis via regulating the genes responsible for lipid metabolism, by which ameliorating the lipid disorder. Moreover, in macrophage, TFA reduced the expression of scavenger receptors such as CD36 and SRA; and promoted the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 and G1 (ABCA1/G1). More importantly, TFA reduced miR-33 expression and dampened NFκB activity, by which de-repressing ABCA1/G1 activity and inhibiting the inflammation. Collectively, TFA can attenuate atherosclerosis via dual suppression of miR-33 and NFκB pathway, and partially through inhibition of scavenger receptors in macrophage. In addition, TFA ameliorates the hepatic steatosis and lipid disorder, which in turn contributes to the amelioration of atherosclerosis, suggesting that TFA might be a novel therapeutic approach for inhibition of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China.,Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Hua
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuna Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyuan Mao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin, China
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168
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Abstract
Earlier epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) and coronary heart disease (CHD). This observation along with the finding that reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by HDL, supported the hypothesis that the HDL molecule has a cardioprotective role. More recently, epidemiological data suggest a U-shaped curve correlating HDLc and CHD. In addition, randomized clinical trials of drugs that significantly increase plasma HDLc levels, such as nicotinic acid and cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors failed to show a reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events. These observations challenge the hypothesis that HDL has a cardioprotective role. It is possible that HDL quality and function is optimal only when de novo synthesis of apo A-I occurs. Inhibition of turnover of HDL with currently available agents yields HDL molecules that are ineffective in reverse cholesterol transport. To test this hypothesis, newer therapeutic drugs that increase de novo production of HDL and apo A-I should be tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien J Feghaly
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arshag D Mooradian
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, 653-1 West 8th Street, 4th Floor-LRC, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA.
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169
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El Khoudary ( سمر رياض الخضري ) SR, Chen (陈曦润) X, Nasr ( ألكسس نصر ) A, Billheimer J, Brooks MM, McConnell D, Orchard TJ, Crawford SL, Matthews KA, Rader DJ. HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) Subclasses, Lipid Content, and Function Trajectories Across the Menopause Transition: SWAN-HDL Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:951-961. [PMID: 33267661 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cardioprotective capacity of HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol postmenopause has been challenged. HDL subclasses, lipid contents, and function might be better predictors of cardiovascular risk than HDL cholesterol. Changes in these measures have not been characterized over the menopause transition (MT) with respect to timing relative to the final menstrual period. Approach and Results: Four hundred seventy-one women with HDL particle (HDL-P) subclasses (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy total, large, medium, and small HDL-P and HDL size), HDL lipid content (HDL phospholipids and triglycerides), and HDL function (cholesterol efflux capacity [HDL-CEC]) measured for a maximum of 5 time points across the MT were included. HDL cholesterol and total HDL-P increased across the MT. Within the 1 to 2 years bracketing the final menstrual period, large HDL-P and HDL size declined while small HDL-P and HDL-triglyceride increased. Although overall HDL-CEC increased across the MT, HDL-CEC per HDL-P declined. Higher concentrations of total, large, and medium HDL-P and greater HDL size were associated with greater HDL-CEC while of small HDL-P were associated with lower HDL-CEC. Associations of large HDL-P and HDL size with HDL-CEC varied significantly across the MT such that higher large HDL-P concentrations and greater HDL size were associated with lower HDL-CEC within the 1 to 2 years around the final menstrual period. CONCLUSIONS Although HDL cholesterol increased over the MT, HDL subclasses and lipid content showed adverse changes. While overall HDL-CEC increased, HDL-CEC per HDL-P declined, consistent with reduced function per particle. Large HDL-P may become less efficient in promoting HDL-CEC during the MT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xirun Chen (陈曦润)
- Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E., X.C., A.N., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Jeff Billheimer
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.B., D.J.R.)
| | - Maria Mori Brooks
- Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E., X.C., A.N., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Dan McConnell
- Central Ligand Assay Satellite Services Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (D.M.)
| | - Trevor J Orchard
- Graduate School of Public Health (S.R.E., X.C., A.N., M.M.B., T.J.O.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sybil L Crawford
- Graduate School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester (S.L.C.)
| | | | - Daniel J Rader
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (J.B., D.J.R.)
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170
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HDL and Reverse Remnant-Cholesterol Transport (RRT): Relevance to Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:1086-1100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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171
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Madsen CM, Varbo A, Nordestgaard BG. Novel Insights From Human Studies on the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Mortality and Noncardiovascular Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:128-140. [PMID: 33232200 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of research about HDL (high-density lipoprotein) has for decades revolved around the possible role of HDL in atherosclerosis and its therapeutic potential within cardiovascular disease prevention; however, failures with therapies aimed at increasing HDL cholesterol has left questions as to what the role and function of HDL in human health and disease is. Recent observational studies have further shown that extreme high HDL cholesterol is associated with high mortality leading to speculations that HDL could in some instances be harmful. In addition, evidence from observational, and to a lesser extent genetic studies has emerged indicating that HDL might be associated with the development of other major noncardiovascular diseases, such as infectious disease, autoimmune disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, and lung disease. In this review, we discuss (1) the association between extreme high HDL cholesterol and mortality and (2) the emerging human evidence linking HDL to several major diseases outside the realm of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Madsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.)
| | - Anette Varbo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.)
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,The Copenhagen General Population Study (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (C.M.M., A.V., B.G.N.).,The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark (B.G.N.)
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172
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Tashiro K, Inoue H, Shiga Y, Tsukihashi Y, Imaizumi T, Norimatsu K, Idemoto Y, Kuwano T, Sugihara M, Nishikawa H, Katsuda Y, Miura SI. Associations Between High Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and the Presence and Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Who Have Undergone Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. J Clin Med Res 2020; 12:734-739. [PMID: 33224375 PMCID: PMC7665872 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although a recent study in a Japanese cohort indicated that extremely high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, ≥ 90 mg/dL) had an adverse effect on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease mortality, we could not conclude that high levels of HDL-C were associated with the presence or severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods We enrolled 1,016 patients who were clinically suspected to have CAD and who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The number of significantly stenosed coronary vessels (vessel disease (VD), ≥ 50% coronary stenosis is diagnosed as CAD) and the Gensini score were quantified using CCTA, and the lipid profile was measured. The patients were divided into four groups according to the HDL-C level: < 40 mg/dL (n = 115, low), 40 - 59 mg/dL (n = 530, normal), 60 - 89 mg/dL (n = 335, high) and ≥ 90 mg/dL (n = 36, very-high). Results The percentage (%) of CAD in the low, normal, high and very-high groups was 69%, 55%, 42% and 25%, respectively (P for trend < 0.01). The Gensini score in the low, normal, high and very-high groups was 20 ± 25, 12 ± 16, 8 ± 12 and 4 ± 6, respectively (P for trend < 0.01). The very-high group showed the lowest triglyceride (TG) levels among the four groups. There were no significant differences in the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or % use of statin among the four groups. Finally, the presence of CAD was independently associated with a low level of HDL-C, in addition to age, male, high systolic blood pressure and hemoglobin A1c, but not TG, by a multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusions High levels of HDL-C at the time of CCTA for screening were associated with a reduced presence and severity of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tashiro
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Yuhei Shiga
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Yohei Tsukihashi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Imaizumi
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Norimatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Idemoto
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Sugihara
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yousuke Katsuda
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University Nishijin Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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173
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Widjaja-Adhi MAK, Golczak M. The molecular aspects of absorption and metabolism of carotenoids and retinoids in vertebrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158571. [PMID: 31770587 PMCID: PMC7244374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient necessary for numerous basic physiological functions, including reproduction and development, immune cell differentiation and communication, as well as the perception of light. To evade the dire consequences of vitamin A deficiency, vertebrates have evolved specialized metabolic pathways that enable the absorption, transport, and storage of vitamin A acquired from dietary sources as preformed retinoids or provitamin A carotenoids. This evolutionary advantage requires a complex interplay between numerous specialized retinoid-transport proteins, receptors, and enzymes. Recent advances in molecular and structural biology resulted in a rapid expansion of our understanding of these processes at the molecular level. This progress opened new avenues for the therapeutic manipulation of retinoid homeostasis. In this review, we summarize current research related to the biochemistry of carotenoid and retinoid-processing proteins with special emphasis on the structural aspects of their physiological actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Airanthi K Widjaja-Adhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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174
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Prats-Uribe A, Sayols-Baixeras S, Fernández-Sanlés A, Subirana I, Carreras-Torres R, Vilahur G, Civeira F, Marrugat J, Fitó M, Hernáez Á, Elosua R. High-density lipoprotein characteristics and coronary artery disease: a Mendelian randomization study. Metabolism 2020; 112:154351. [PMID: 32891675 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether genetically determined quantitative and qualitative HDL characteristics were independently associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We designed a two-sample multivariate Mendelian randomization study with available genome-wide association summary data. We identified genetic variants associated with HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels, HDL size, particle levels, and lipid content to define our genetic instrumental variables in one sample (Kettunen et al. study, n = 24,925) and analyzed their association with CAD risk in a different study (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D, n = 184,305). We validated these results by defining our genetic variables in another database (METSIM, n = 8372) and studied their relationship with CAD in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D dataset. To estimate the effect size of the associations of interest adjusted for other lipoprotein traits and minimize potential pleiotropy, we used the Multi-trait-based Conditional & Joint analysis. RESULTS Genetically determined HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels were not associated with CAD. HDL mean diameter (β = 0.27 [95%CI = 0.19; 0.35]), cholesterol levels in very large HDLs (β = 0.29 [95%CI = 0.17; 0.40]), and triglyceride content in very large HDLs (β = 0.14 [95%CI = 0.040; 0.25]) were directly associated with CAD risk, whereas the cholesterol content in medium-sized HDLs (β = -0.076 [95%CI = -0.10; -0.052]) was inversely related to this risk. These results were validated in the METSIM-CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data. CONCLUSIONS Some qualitative HDL characteristics (related to size, particle distribution, and cholesterol and triglyceride content) are related to CAD risk while HDL cholesterol levels are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prats-Uribe
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Parc de Salut Mar-Universitat Pompeu Fabra-ISGLOBAL, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Botnar Research Centre, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Campus del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Alba Fernández-Sanlés
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Campus del Mar, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
| | - Isaac Subirana
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Civeira
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Lipid Unit, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Girona Heart Registre Research Group (REGICOR), IMIM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition, and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
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175
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Benincasa G, de Candia P, Costa D, Faenza M, Mansueto G, Ambrosio G, Napoli C. Network Medicine Approach in Prevention and Personalized Treatment of Dyslipidemias. Lipids 2020; 56:259-268. [PMID: 33118184 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias can affect molecular networks underlying the metabolic homeostasis and vascular function leading to atherogenesis at early stages of development. Since disease-related proteins often interact with each other in functional modules, many advanced network-oriented algorithms were applied to patient-derived big data to identify the complex gene-environment interactions underlying the early pathophysiology of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Both the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 7 (PCSK7) and collagen type 1 alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) genes arose from the application of TFfit and WGCNA algorithms, respectively, as potential useful therapeutic targets in prevention of dyslipidemias. Moreover, the Seed Connector algorithm (SCA) algorithm suggested a putative role of the neuropilin-1 (NRP1) protein as drug target, whereas a regression network analysis reported that niacin may provide benefits in mixed dyslipidemias. Dyslipidemias are highly heterogeneous at the clinical level; thus, it would be helpful to overcome traditional evidence-based paradigm toward a personalized risk assessment and therapy. Network Medicine uses omics data, artificial intelligence (AI), imaging tools, and clinical information to design personalized therapy of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Recently, a novel non-invasive AI-derived biomarker, named Fat Attenuation Index (FAI™) has been established to early detect clinical signs of atherosclerosis. Moreover, an integrated AI-radiomics approach can detect fibrosis and microvascular remodeling improving the customized risk assessment. Here, we offer a network-based roadmap ranging from novel molecular pathways to digital therapeutics which can improve personalized therapy of dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Benincasa
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | | | - Dario Costa
- UOC Division of Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Mario Faenza
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Gelsomina Mansueto
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ambrosio
- Division of Cardiology, University of Perugia School of Medicine, Via S. Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, 06156, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy.,Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistics, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Pz. Miraglia, 2, Naples, 80138, Italy
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176
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Chen CL, Liu XC, Liu L, Lo K, Yu YL, Huang JY, Huang YQ, Chen JY. U-Shaped Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Hypertensive Population. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:2013-2025. [PMID: 33116982 PMCID: PMC7549655 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s272624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Whether the paradox of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated mortality risk extends to hypertensive patients is unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between HDL-C and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults with hypertension. Methods In the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 11,497 hypertensive participants aged ≥18years old and examined at baseline between 1999 and 2014 were followed up until December 2015. We categorized the HDL-C concentration as ≤30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60 (reference), 61–70, >70 mg/dL and examined their associations with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression was used to calculated hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for mortality risk. Results During follow-up (median: 9.2 ± 3.8 years), 3012 deaths and 713 cardiovascular deaths were observed. In the restrictive cubic curves, associations of HDL-C levels and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were detected to be U-shaped. After multivariable adjustment, HRs for all-cause mortality were for the lowest HDL-C concentration (≤30 mg/dL) 1.29 (95% CI, 1.07–1.56) and the highest (>70 mg/dL) 1.20 (1.06–1.37), comparing with the reference group. For cardiovascular mortality, HRs were 1.31 (0.83–1.48) and 1.09 (0.83–1.43), respectively. Similar results were obtained in subgroups stratified by age, gender, race, and taking lipid-lowering drugs. The lowest all-cause mortality risk was observed at HDL-C 66 mg/dL (concentration) and 51–60 mg/dL (range). Conclusion Both lower and higher HDL-C concentration appeared to be associated with higher mortality in hypertensive population. Further investigation is warranted to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Cong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenneth Lo
- Centre for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yu-Ling Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yi Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Qing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerosis is a complicated cardiovascular disease characterized by unbalanced lipid metabolism and unresolved inflammation that occurred inside of arteries. The transcytosis of LDL across the endothelium and its accumulation in the arterial wall is the initial step of atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize recent research into the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of endothelial LDL transcytosis and its relevance in the development of atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent studies have revealed the contribution of caveolae, activin-like kinase 1 (ALK1) or scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) in endothelial LDL transcytosis and the progression of atherosclerosis. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the major protein component in caveolae, is required for the formation of caveolae and caveolae-mediated LDL uptake and transcytosis across the endothelium. SR-B1 and ALK1 directly bind LDL and facilitate the transport of LDL through the endothelial cells. The change in expression of caveolae-associated proteins and SR-B1 regulates endothelial LDL transcytosis and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SUMMARY Caveolae, ALK1 and SR-B1 are identified as key regulators in the LDL transcytosis across the endothelium. Endothelial LDL transcytosis might be a potential therapeutic approach to limit the initiation of early atherosclerosis and treat the atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Zhang
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Corresponding authors: Carlos Fernández-Hernando, PhD. 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven, CT 06510. Yale University School of Medicine. Tel: (203) 737-4615. Fax: (203) 737-2290. , Xinbo Zhang, MD, PhD. 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 320, New Haven, CT 06510. Yale University School of Medicine. Tel: (203) 737-3300. Fax: (203) 737-2290.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Department of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., New Haven, CT 06510. USA
- Corresponding authors: Carlos Fernández-Hernando, PhD. 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven, CT 06510. Yale University School of Medicine. Tel: (203) 737-4615. Fax: (203) 737-2290. , Xinbo Zhang, MD, PhD. 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 320, New Haven, CT 06510. Yale University School of Medicine. Tel: (203) 737-3300. Fax: (203) 737-2290.
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178
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Aryan Z, Szanto A, Pantazi A, Reddi T, Rheinstein C, Powers W, Wilson E, Deo RC, Chowdhury S, Salz L, Dimmock D, Nahas S, Benson W, Kingsmore SF, MacRae CA, Vuzman D. Moving Genomics to Routine Care. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2020; 13:406-416. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.002961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) costs are falling, yet, outside oncology, this information is seldom used in adult clinics. We piloted a rapid WGS (rWGS) workflow, focusing initially on estimating power for a feasibility study of introducing genome information into acute cardiovascular care.Methods:A prospective implementation study was conducted to test the feasibility and clinical utility of rWGS in acute cardiovascular care. rWGS was performed on 50 adult patients with acute cardiovascular events and cardiac arrest survivors, testing for primary and secondary disease-causing variants, cardiovascular-related pharmacogenomics, and carrier status for recessive diseases. The impact of returning rWGS results on short-term clinical care of participants was investigated. The utility of polygenic risk scores to stratify coronary artery disease was also assessed.Results:Pathogenic variants, typically secondary findings, were identified in 20% (95% CI, 11.7–34.3). About 60% (95% CI, 46.2–72.4) of participants were carriers for one or more recessive traits, most commonly inHFEandSERPINA1genes. Although 64% (95% CI, 50.1–75.9) of participants carried at least one pharmacogenetic variant of cardiovascular relevance, these were actionable in only 14% (95% CI, 7–26.2). Coronary artery disease prevalence among participants at the 95th percentile of polygenic risk score was 88.2% (95% CI, 71.8–95.7).Conclusions:We demonstrated the feasibility of rWGS integration into the inpatient management of adults with acute cardiovascular events. Our pilot identified pathogenic variants in one out of 5 acute vascular patients. Integrating rWGS in clinical care will progressively increase actionability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Aryan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Attila Szanto
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Tejaswini Reddi
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carolyn Rheinstein
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Winslow Powers
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (W.P., C.A.M., D.V.)
| | - Evan Wilson
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rahul C. Deo
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shimul Chowdhury
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - Lisa Salz
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - Shareef Nahas
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - Wendy Benson
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - Stephen F. Kingsmore
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA (S.C., L.S., D.D., S.N., W.B., S.F.K.)
| | - Calum A. MacRae
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (W.P., C.A.M., D.V.)
| | - Dana Vuzman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (Z.A., A.S., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- One Brave Idea (Z.A., A.S., T.R., C.R., W.P., E.W., R.C.D., C.A.M., D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine (D.V.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA (W.P., C.A.M., D.V.)
- Talerics Consulting LLC, Newton, MA (D.V.)
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Lee H, Kim K, Lee YC, Kim S, Won HH, Yu TY, Lee EM, Kang JM, Lewis M, Kim DK, Myung W. Associations between vascular risk factors and subsequent Alzheimer's disease in older adults. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:117. [PMID: 32979926 PMCID: PMC7520023 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00690-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background The clinical guidelines related to the primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have focused on the management of vascular risk factors. However, the link between vascular risk factors and AD in older adults remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between vascular risk factors and subsequent AD in 178,586 older adults (age ≥ 65 years). Methods Participants were recruited from 2009 through 2010 and followed up for 6 years. We assessed various vascular risk factors (total cholesterol [TC], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides [TG], fasting glucose [FG], systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP], pulse pressure [PP], and body mass index [BMI]) and their association with AD incidence, categorizing each vascular factor using current clinical guidelines. Results AD was observed in 6.0% of participants at follow-up. All lipid profiles (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG) were positively associated with the risk of AD. SBP and PP were in negative associations with AD, and DBP was positively associated with AD. BMI exhibited a negative association with AD incidence. We found no significant association between FG and AD risk. The sex difference was observed to have effects on vascular risk factors. Conclusions In this study, we comprehensively investigated the association between eight vascular risk factors and the risk of incident AD. Our findings suggest that multiple vascular risk factors are related to the development of AD in older adults. These results can help inform future guidelines for reducing AD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Chan Lee
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Won
- Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Yang Yu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Wonkwang Medical Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Myeong Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Matthew Lewis
- The Department of General Practice, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Doh Kwan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, South Korea.
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Su X, Li G, Deng Y, Chang D. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors in precision medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:733-740. [PMID: 32941836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development, posing serious risks to human health. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is responsible for exchange of neutral lipids, such as cholesteryl ester and TG, between plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) containing lipoprotein particles. Genetic studies suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with loss of activity CETP is associated with increased HDL-C, reduced LDL-C, and cardiovascular risk. In animal studies, mostly in rabbits, which have similar CETP activity to humans, inhibition of CETP through antisense oligonucleotides reduced aortic arch atherosclerosis. Concerning this notion, inhibiting the CETP is considered as a promise approach to reduce cardiovascular events, and several CETP inhibitors have been recently studied as a cholesterol modifying agent to reduce cardiovascular mortality in high risk cardiovascular disease patients. However, in Phase III cardiovascular outcome trials, three CETP inhibitors, named Torcetrapib, Dalcetrapib, and Evacetrapib, did not provide expected cardiovascular benefits and failed to improve outcomes of patient with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although REVEAL trail has recently shown that Anacetrapib could reduce major coronary events, it was also shown to induce excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue; thereby, the further regulatory approval will not be sought. On the other hand, growing evidence indicated that the function of CETP inhibitors on modulating the cardiovascular events are determined by correlated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ADCY9 gene. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby CETP inhibitors interact with the genotype are not yet elucidated, which could potentially be related to the genotype-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL particles. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of CETP and the outcomes of the phase III randomized controlled trials of CETP inhibitors. In addition, we also put forward the implications from results of the trials which potentially suggest that the CETP inhibitors could be a promising precise therapeutic medicine for CVD based on genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Guiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingjian Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Chang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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181
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Pirillo A, Svecla M, Catapano AL, Holleboom AG, Norata GD. Impact of protein glycosylation on lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1033-1045. [PMID: 32886765 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein glycosylation is a post-translational modification consisting in the enzymatic attachment of carbohydrate chains to specific residues of the protein sequence. Several types of glycosylation have been described, with N-glycosylation and O-glycosylation being the most common types impacting on crucial biological processes, such as protein synthesis, trafficking, localization, and function. Genetic defects in genes involved in protein glycosylation may result in altered production and activity of several proteins, with a broad range of clinical manifestations, including dyslipidaemia and atherosclerosis. A large number of apolipoproteins, lipoprotein receptors, and other proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism are glycosylated, and alterations in their glycosylation profile are associated with changes in their expression and/or function. Rare genetic diseases and population genetics have provided additional information linking protein glycosylation to the regulation of lipoprotein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Pirillo
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS MultiMedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Svecla
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Alberico Luigi Catapano
- IRCCS MultiMedica, via Milanese 300, 20099 Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Adriaan G Holleboom
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Danilo Norata
- Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, E. Bassini Hospital, via M. Gorki 50, 20092 Cinisello Balsamo, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy
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182
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He Y, Ronsein GE, Tang C, Jarvik GP, Davidson WS, Kothari V, Song HD, Segrest JP, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW. Diabetes Impairs Cellular Cholesterol Efflux From ABCA1 to Small HDL Particles. Circ Res 2020; 127:1198-1210. [PMID: 32819213 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) may be cardioprotective because it accepts cholesterol from macrophages via the cholesterol transport proteins ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1). The ABCA1-specific cellular cholesterol efflux capacity (ABCA1 CEC) of HDL strongly and negatively associates with cardiovascular disease risk, but how diabetes mellitus impacts that step is unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that HDL's cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a case-control study with 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 control subjects. Three sizes of HDL particles, small HDL, medium HDL, and large HDL, were isolated by high-resolution size exclusion chromatography from study subjects. Then we assessed the ABCA1 CEC of equimolar concentrations of particles. Small HDL accounted for almost all of ABCA1 CEC activity of HDL. ABCA1 CEC-but not ABCG1 CEC-of small HDL was lower in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus than the control subjects. Isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the concentration of SERPINA1 (serpin family A member 1) in small HDL was also lower in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Enriching small HDL with SERPINA1 enhanced ABCA1 CEC. Structural analysis of SERPINA1 identified 3 amphipathic α-helices clustered in the N-terminal domain of the protein; biochemical analyses demonstrated that SERPINA1 binds phospholipid vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 CEC of small HDL is selectively impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus, likely because of lower levels of SERPINA1. SERPINA1 contains a cluster of amphipathic α-helices that enable apolipoproteins to bind phospholipid and promote ABCA1 activity. Thus, impaired ABCA1 activity of small HDL particles deficient in SERPINA1 could increase cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | | | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
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183
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Ajala ON, Demler OV, Liu Y, Farukhi Z, Adelman SJ, Collins HL, Ridker PM, Rader DJ, Glynn RJ, Mora S. Anti-Inflammatory HDL Function, Incident Cardiovascular Events, and Mortality: A Secondary Analysis of the JUPITER Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016507. [PMID: 32799709 PMCID: PMC7660788 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.016507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has inverse association with cardiovascular disease. HDL possesses anti‐inflammatory properties in vitro, but it is unknown whether this may be protective in individuals with inflammation. Methods and Results The functional capacity of HDL to inhibit oxidation of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ie, the HDL inflammatory index; HII) was measured at baseline and 12 months after random allocation to rosuvastatin or placebo in a nested case‐control study of the JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: An Intervention Evaluating Rosuvastatin) trial. There were 517 incident cases of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality compared to 517 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations of HII with events. Median baseline HII was 0.54 (interquartile range, 0.50–0.59). Twelve months of rosuvastatin decreased HII by a mean of 5.3% (95% CI, −8.9% to −1.7%; P=0.005) versus 1.3% (95% CI, −6.5% to 4.0%; P=0.63) with placebo (P=0.22 for between‐group difference). HII had a nonlinear relationship with incident events. Compared with the reference group (HII 0.5–1.0) with the lowest event rates, participants with baseline HII ≤0.5 had significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease/mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.06–2.21; P=0.02). Furthermore, there was significant (P=0.002) interaction for HDL particle number with HII, such that having more HDL particles was associated with decreased risk only when HDL was anti‐inflammatory. Conclusions In JUPITER participants recruited on the basis of chronic inflammation, HII was associated with incident cardiovascular disease/mortality, with an optimal anti‐inflammatory HII range between 0.5 and 1.0. This nonlinear relationship of anti‐inflammatory HDL function with risk may account in part for the HDL paradox. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT00239681.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluremi N Ajala
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Olga V Demler
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Zareen Farukhi
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | | | | | - Paul M Ridker
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA
| | - Robert J Glynn
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA
| | - Samia Mora
- Center for Lipid Metabolomics and Division of Preventive Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA.,Harvard Medical School Boston MA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA
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184
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Pappa E, Elisaf MS, Kostara C, Bairaktari E, Tsimihodimos VK. Cardioprotective Properties of HDL: Structural and Functional Considerations. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2964-2978. [PMID: 30714519 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190201142321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies showed no effect of variants altering HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels concerning Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and novel therapeutic interventions aiming to raise HDL-C resulted to futility, the usefulness of HDL-C is unclear. OBJECTIVE As the role of HDL-C is currently doubtful, it is suggested that the atheroprotective functions of HDLs can be attributed to the number of HDL particles, and their characteristics including their lipid and protein components. Scientific interest has focused on HDL function and on the causes of rendering HDL particles dysfunctional, whereas the relevance of HDL subclasses with CVD remains controversial. METHODS The present review discusses changes in quality as much as in quantity of HDL in pathological conditions and the connection between HDL particle concentration and cardiovascular disease and mortality. Emphasis is given to the recently available data concerning the cholesterol efflux capacity and the parameters that determine HDL functionality, as well as to recent investigations concerning the associations of HDL subclasses with cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS MR studies or pharmacological interventions targeting HDL-C are not in favor of the hypothesis of HDL-C levels and the relationship with CVD. The search of biomarkers that relate with HDL functionality is needed. Similarly, HDL particle size and number exhibit controversial data in the context of CVD and further studies are needed. CONCLUSION There is no room for the old concept of HDL as a silver bullet,as HDL-C cannot be considered a robust marker and does not reflect the importance of HDL particle size and number. Elucidation of the complex HDL system, as well as the finding of biomarkers, will allow the development of any HDL-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pappa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Kostara
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eleni Bairaktari
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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185
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Angiogenic and Antiangiogenic mechanisms of high density lipoprotein from healthy subjects and coronary artery diseases patients. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101642. [PMID: 32863238 PMCID: PMC7364160 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal high-density lipoprotein (nHDL) in normal, healthy subjects is able to promote angiogenesis, but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. HDL from patients with coronary artery disease may undergo a variety of oxidative modifications, rendering it dysfunctional; whether the angiogenic effect is mitigated by such dysfunctional HDL (dHDL) is unknown. We hypothesized that dHDL compromises angiogenesis. The angiogenic effects of nHDL and dHDL were assessed using endothelial cell culture, endothelial sprouts from cardiac tissue from C57BL/6 mice, zebrafish model for vascular growth and a model of impaired vascular growth in hypercholesterolemic low-density lipoprotein receptor null(LDLr-/-)mice. MiRNA microarray and proteomic analyses were used to determine the mechanisms. Lipid hydroperoxides were greater in dHDL than in nHDL. While nHDL stimulated angiogenesis, dHDL attenuated these responses. Protein and miRNA profiles in endothelial cells differed between nHDL and dHDL treatments. Moreover, nHDL suppressed miR-24-3p expression to increase vinculin expression resulting in nitric oxide (NO) production, whereas dHDL delivered miR-24-3p to inhibit vinculin expression leading to superoxide anion (O2•-) generation via scavenger receptor class B type 1. Vinculin was required for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and activation and modulated the PI3K/AKT/eNOS and ERK1/2 signaling pathways to regulate nHDL- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Vinculin overexpression or miR-24-3p inhibition reversed dHDL-impaired angiogenesis. The expressions of vinculin and eNOS and angiogenesis were decreased, but the expression of miR-24-3p and lipid hydroperoxides in HDL were increased in the ischemic lower limbs of hypercholesterolemic LDLr-/- mice. Overexpression of vinculin or miR-24-3p antagomir restored the impaired-angiogenesis in ischemic hypercholesterolemic LDLr-/- mice. Collectively, nHDL stimulated vinculin and eNOS expression to increase NO production by suppressing miR-24-3p to induce angiogenesis, whereas dHDL inhibited vinculin and eNOS expression to enhance O2•- generation by delivering miR-24-3p to impair angiogenesis, and that vinculin and miR-24-3p may be therapeutic targets for dHDL-impaired angiogenesis. nHDL and dHDL regulated angiogenesis differently via alterations in vinculin expression. nHDL suppressed miR-24-3p to increase vinculin expression to stimulate NO production. dHDL delivered miR-24-3p to inhibit vinculin expression to enhance O2.•- generation. Vinculin and miR-24-3p may be therapeutic targets for dHDL-impaired angiogenesis. Cell-free assay may be used to measure the oxidative levels of HDL.
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186
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Sandesara PB, Mehta A, O'Neal WT, Mohamed Kelli H, Sathiyakumar V, Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Blumenthal RS, Sperling LS. Association of Elevated High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Particle Concentration With Coronary Artery Calcium: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 13:e010473. [PMID: 32605383 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.120.010473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratik B Sandesara
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (P.B.S., A.M., W.T.O., H.M.K., L.S.S.)
| | - Anurag Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (P.B.S., A.M., W.T.O., H.M.K., L.S.S.)
| | - Wesley T O'Neal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (P.B.S., A.M., W.T.O., H.M.K., L.S.S.)
| | - Heval Mohamed Kelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (P.B.S., A.M., W.T.O., H.M.K., L.S.S.)
| | - Vasanth Sathiyakumar
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (V.S., S.S.M., M.J.B., R.S.B.)
| | - Seth S Martin
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (V.S., S.S.M., M.J.B., R.S.B.)
| | - Michael J Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (V.S., S.S.M., M.J.B., R.S.B.)
| | - Roger S Blumenthal
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD (V.S., S.S.M., M.J.B., R.S.B.)
| | - Laurence S Sperling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (P.B.S., A.M., W.T.O., H.M.K., L.S.S.)
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187
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Ito M, Ye X, Wang Q, Guo L, Hao D, Howatt D, Daugherty A, Cai L, Temel R, Li XA. SR-BI (Scavenger Receptor BI), Not LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Receptor, Mediates Adrenal Stress Response-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:1830-1837. [PMID: 32522007 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adrenal gland secretes stress-induced glucocorticoids (iGCs) to coping with stress. Previous study showed that SR-BI (scavenger receptor BI) null (SR-BI-/-) mice failed to generate iGC in stress conditions, suggesting that SR-BI-mediated cholesterol uptake from HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is a key regulator for iGC production. However, the LDL (low-density lipoprotein)/LDLr (LDL receptor) pathway can also provide cholesterol for iGC synthesis, but rodents have limited LDL levels in circulation. Here, we generated SR-BI-/-ApoBtg (apolipoprotein B transgenic) mice with normal LDL levels in circulation to determine the relative contribution of the HDL/SR-BI and LDL/LDLr pathways to iGC production in stress conditions. Approach and Results: To obtain mouse models with normal LDL levels, SR-BI-/- mice were bred to ApoBtg mice. Then, the F1 SR-BI±ApoBtg mice were backcrossed to SR-BI-/- to obtain SR-BI-/-ApoBtg, SR-BI-/-ApoBwt (apolipoprotein B wild type), and SR-BI+/+ApoBtg mice. We first examined the lipoprotein profile, which shows a 6.5-fold increase in LDL levels in SR-BI-/-ApoBtg mice compared with SR-BI-/-ApoBwt mice. Then, we induced stress with adrenocorticotropic hormone and cecal ligation and puncture. One hour after adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, SR-BI+/+ApoBtg control mice produced iGC (14.9-fold), but both SR-BI-/-ApoBwt and SR-BI-/-ApoBtg showed no iGC production (P<0.001). Three hours after cecal ligation and puncture treatment, SR-BI+/+ApoBtg control mice showed iGC production (6.4-fold), but both SR-BI-/-ApoBwt and SR-BI-/-ApoBtg mice showed no iGC production (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS SR-BI-/-ApoBtg mice fail to produce iGC in stress conditions even though with restored LDL levels in circulation. These findings clarify that the HDL/SR-BI, not LDL/LDLr, pathway is responsible for iGC production in stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Ito
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (M.I., D. Hao, A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Xiang Ye
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Qian Wang
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Ling Guo
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Dan Hao
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (M.I., D. Hao, A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Deborah Howatt
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (M.I., D. Hao, A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Lei Cai
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Ryan Temel
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
| | - Xiang-An Li
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (M.I., X.Y., Q.W., L.G., D. Hao, D. Howatt, A.D., L.C., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (M.I., D. Hao, A.D., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., R.T., X.-A.L.), University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
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188
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In-depth Mendelian randomization analysis of causal factors for coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9208. [PMID: 32514076 PMCID: PMC7280530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Selecting a set of valid genetic variants is critical for Mendelian randomization (MR) to correctly infer risk factors causing a disease. We here developed a method for selecting genetic variants as valid instrumental variables for inferring risk factors causing coronary artery disease (CAD). Using this method, we selected two sets of single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants (SNP338 and SNP363) associated with each of the three potential risk factors for CAD including low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) from two independent GWAS datasets. We performed in-depth multivariate MR (MVMR) analyses and the results from both datasets consistently showed that LDL-c was strongly associated with increased risk for CAD (β = 0.396,OR = 1.486 per 1 SD (equivalent to 38 mg/dL), 95CI = (1.38, 1.59) in SNP338; and β = 0.424, OR = 1.528 per 1 SD, 95%CI = (1.42, 1.65) in SNP363); HDL-c was strongly associated with reduced risk for CAD (β = −0.315, OR = 0.729 per 1 SD (equivalent to 16 mg/dL), 95CI = (0.68, 0.78) in SNP338; and β = −0.319, OR = 0.726 per 1 SD, 95%CI = (0.66, 0.80), in SNP363). In case of TG, when using the full datasets, an increased risk for CAD (β = 0.184, OR = 1.2 per 1 SD (equivalent to 89 mg/dL), 95%CI = (1.12, 1.28) in SNPP338; and β = 0.207, OR = 1.222 per 1 SD, 95%CI = (1.10, 1.36) in SNP363) was observed, while using partial datasets that contain shared and unique SNPs showed that TG is not a risk factor for CAD. From these results, it can be inferred that TG itself is not a causal risk factor for CAD, but it’s shown as a risk factor due to pleiotropic effects associated with LDL-c and HDL-c SNPs. Large-scale simulation experiments without pleiotropic effects also corroborated these results.
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189
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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190
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Fanni G, Rosato R, Gentile L, Anselmino M, Frea S, Ponzo V, Pellegrini M, Broglio F, Pivari F, De Ferrari GM, Ghigo E, Bo S. Is HDL cholesterol protective in patients with type 2 diabetes? A retrospective population-based cohort study. J Transl Med 2020; 18:189. [PMID: 32375888 PMCID: PMC7203837 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective role of high HDL cholesterol levels against cardiovascular diseases has been recently questioned. Limited data are available on this specific topic in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to evaluate the association of HDL cholesterol concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a historical cohort of T2DM patients with 14 years of follow-up. METHODS This is a retrospective population-based cohort study involving 2113 T2DM patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of Asti. Survival analyses were performed to assess hazard ratios for overall and specific-cause mortality by HDL cholesterol tertiles, using the middle HDL cholesterol tertile as a reference. RESULTS The mean age was 66 ± 11 years; 51.4% of patients had low HDL-cholesterol levels. After a 14-year follow-up, 973/2112 patients had died (46.1%). The HDL cholesterol tertile cut-off points were 37.5 and 47.5 mg/dL (males) and 41.5 and 52.0 mg/dL (females). No associations between lower and upper HDL cholesterol tertiles respectively and all-cause (HR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.96-1.32; HR = 1.11; 0.95-1.30), cardiovascular (HR = 0.97; 0.77-1.23; HR = 0.94; 0.75-1.18) or cancer (HR = 0.92; 0.67-1.25; HR = 0.89; 0.66-1.21) mortality were found. A significantly increased risk for infectious disease death was found both in the lower (HR = 2.62; 1.44-4.74) and the upper HDL-cholesterol tertiles (HR = 2.05; 1.09-3.85) when compared to the reference. Individuals in the upper tertile showed an increased risk for mortality due to diabetes-related causes (HR = 1.87; 1.10-3.15). CONCLUSIONS Our results corroborate the hypothesis that HDL cholesterol levels are nonprotective in T2DM patients. The U-shaped association between HDL-cholesterol levels and mortality associated with infectious diseases should be verified by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Fanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Rosalba Rosato
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Anselmino
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Frea
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Ponzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Marianna Pellegrini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Fabio Broglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria De Ferrari
- Cardiology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy
| | - Simona Bo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso AM Dogliotti, 14 10126, Turin, To, Italy.
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van den Boogert MA, Crunelle CL, Ali L, Larsen LE, Kuil SD, Levels JH, Schimmel AW, Konstantopoulou V, Guerin M, Kuivenhoven JA, Dallinga‐Thie GM, Stroes ES, Lefeber DJ, Holleboom AG. Reduced CETP glycosylation and activity in patients with homozygous B4GALT1 mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:611-617. [PMID: 31800099 PMCID: PMC7318693 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The importance of protein glycosylation in regulating lipid metabolism is becoming increasingly apparent. We set out to further investigate this by studying the effects of defective glycosylation on plasma lipids in patients with B4GALT1-CDG, caused by a mutation in B4GALT1 with defective N-linked glycosylation. We studied plasma lipids, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) glyco-isoforms with isoelectric focusing followed by a western blot and CETP activity in three known B4GALT1-CDG patients and compared them with 11 age- and gender-matched, healthy controls. B4GALT1-CDG patients have significantly lowered non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and total cholesterol to HDL-c ratio compared with controls and larger HDL particles. Plasma CETP was hypoglycosylated and less active in B4GALT1-CDG patients compared to matched controls. Our study provides insight into the role of protein glycosylation in human lipoprotein homeostasis. The hypogalactosylated, hypo-active CETP found in patients with B4GALT1-CDG indicates a role of protein galactosylation in regulating plasma HDL and LDL. Patients with B4GALT1-CDG have large HDL particles probably due to hypogalactosylated, hypo-active CETP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cleo L. Crunelle
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselUniversitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of PsychiatryBrusselsBelgium
| | - Lubna Ali
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sacha D. Kuil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of GeneticEndocrine and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Johannes H.M. Levels
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Alinda W.M. Schimmel
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maryse Guerin
- ICAN ‐ Institute of CardioMetabolism and NutritionHôpital de la PitiéParisFrance
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular GeneticsUniversity Medical Center Groningen, University of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Geesje M. Dallinga‐Thie
- Department of Experimental Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erik S.G. Stroes
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of GeneticEndocrine and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G. Holleboom
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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192
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Zhong GC, Huang SQ, Peng Y, Wan L, Wu YQL, Hu TY, Hu JJ, Hao FB. HDL-C is associated with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a J-shaped dose-response fashion: a pooled analysis of 37 prospective cohort studies. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020; 27:1187-1203. [PMID: 32283957 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320914756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective The association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and mortality remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the potential dose–response associations between HDL-C levels and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in the general population. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched through April 2019. Prospective cohort studies reporting risk estimates of HDL-C levels and mortality were included. Linear and non-linear dose–response analyses were conducted. A random-effects model was employed to calculate pooled hazard ratio. Results Thirty-seven studies, involving 3,524,505 participants and more than 612,027 deaths, were included. HDL-C level was found to be associated with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a J-shaped dose–response pattern, with the lowest risk observed at HDL-C levels of 54–58 mg/dL, 68–71 mg/dL and 64–68 mg/dL, respectively. Compared with HDL-C level of 56 mg/dL, the pooled hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 1.05) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.09, 1.12) for each 10-mg/dL increase and decrease in HDL-C levels, respectively; furthermore, compared with the reference category, the pooled hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.21 (95% CI 1.09, 1.36) and 1.36 (95% CI 1.21, 1.53) for the highest and the lowest categories of HDL-C levels, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Conclusions In the general population, HDL-C level is associated with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer in a J-shaped dose–response manner; both extremely high and low HDL-C levels are associated with an increased risk of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chao Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Su-Qun Huang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu, China
| | - Lun Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Dazu District, China
| | - You-Qi-Le Wu
- School of Public Health and Management, Research Centre for Medicine and Social Development, Innovation Centre for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Tian-Yang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jie-Jun Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Fa-Bao Hao
- Paediatric Surgery Centre, Qingdao Women and Children’s Hospital, Qingdao University, China *These two authors should be considered joint corresponding authors
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193
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Song SO, Hwang YC, Kahn SE, Leonetti DL, Fujimoto WY, Boyko EJ. Intra-Abdominal Fat and High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Are Associated in a Non-Linear Pattern in Japanese-Americans. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:277-285. [PMID: 32174061 PMCID: PMC7188973 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2019.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We describe the association between high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and computed tomography (CT)-measured fat depots. METHODS We examined the cross-sectional associations between HDL-C concentration and intra-abdominal (IAF), abdominal subcutaneous (SCF), and thigh fat (TF) areas in 641 Japanese-American men and women. IAF, SCF, and TF were measured by CT at the level of the umbilicus and mid-thigh. The associations between fat area measurements and HDL-C were examined using multivariate linear regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, diabetes family history, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and body mass index (BMI). Non-linearity was assessed using fractional polynomials. RESULTS Mean±standard deviation of HDL-C concentration and IAF in men and women were 1.30±0.34 mg/dL, 105±55.3 cm², and 1.67±0.43 mg/dL, 74.4±46.6 cm² and differed significantly by gender for both comparisons (P<0.001). In univariate analysis, HDL-C concentration was significantly associated with CT-measured fat depots. In multivariate analysis, IAF was significantly and non-linearly associated with HDL-C concentration adjusted for age, sex, BMI, HOMA-IR, SCF, and TF (IAF: β=-0.1012, P<0.001; IAF²: β=0.0008, P<0.001). SCF was also negatively and linearly associated with HDL-C (β=-0.4919, P=0.001). CONCLUSION HDL-C does not linearly decline with increasing IAF in Japanese-Americans. A more complex pattern better fits this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Song
- Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
| | - You Cheol Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Hospital and Specialty Medicine Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Donna L Leonetti
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wilfred Y Fujimoto
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Edward J Boyko
- Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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194
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Frikke-Schmidt R. HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: Human genetics to unravel causality. Atherosclerosis 2020; 299:53-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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195
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Temporal Dynamics of High-Density Lipoprotein Proteome in Diet-Controlled Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040520. [PMID: 32235466 PMCID: PMC7226298 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of mild hyperglycemia on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and kinetics in diet-controlled subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). 2H2O-labeling coupled with mass spectrometry was applied to quantify HDL cholesterol turnover and HDL proteome dynamics in subjects with T2D (n = 9) and age- and BMI-matched healthy controls (n = 8). The activities of lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), and the proinflammatory index of HDL were quantified. Plasma adiponectin levels were reduced in subjects with T2D, which was directly associated with suppressed ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. The fractional catabolic rates of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA-II), ApoJ, ApoA-IV, transthyretin, complement C3, and vitamin D-binding protein (all p < 0.05) were increased in subjects with T2D. Despite increased HDL flux of acute-phase HDL proteins, there was no change in the proinflammatory index of HDL. Although LCAT and CETP activities were not affected in subjects with T2D, LCAT was inversely associated with blood glucose and CETP was inversely associated with plasma adiponectin. The degradation rates of ApoA-II and ApoA-IV were correlated with hemoglobin A1c. In conclusion, there were in vivo impairments in HDL proteome dynamics and HDL metabolism in diet-controlled patients with T2D.
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196
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Zhimin W, Hui W, Fengtao J, Wenjuan S, Yongrong L. Clinical and serum lipid profiles and LDLR genetic analysis of xanthelasma palpebrarum with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:3096-3099. [PMID: 32176424 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND XP is a flat xanthoma that usually presents as bilateral, symmetrical, soft, yellowish papules over the eyelids. The etiology of XP is unknown, but it may be related to complex heterozygous mutations. AIMS To investigate the lipid profiles, important clinical characteristics, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene mutation in the patients suffering from xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia. PATIENTS/METHODS The prospective study included 25 individuals of XP with nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia, and 30 controls neither with XP nor familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Each one underwent detailed clinical examination, serum lipid profile, and LDLR gene detection at the 400th exon and the 1246th exon. RESULTS In our study, patients with XP were often not present with FH and family history. The mean serum cholesterol (CHOL) (5.20 ± 1.82) and the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (4.34 ± 0.78) were significantly higher in study group, while there was no statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of triglyceride (TG) (P = .38) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = .23). Unusually, the mean levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1.59 ± 0.31) in the study group were much higher than the controls (1.31 ± 0.30), and the LDLR gene mutation was not found. CONCLUSION Clinical and serum lipid profiles indicated that XP was sporadic and underlying lipid abnormalities especially higher HDL. XP did not occur with mutations in the LDLR gene at the two exons. We suggested too high HDL level may be contributed to pathogenesis of XP and XP is often not associated with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhimin
- Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wang Hui
- Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Fengtao
- Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sun Wenjuan
- Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Yongrong
- Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui, China
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van der Sluis RJ, Hoekstra M. Glucocorticoids are active players and therapeutic targets in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110728. [PMID: 31968221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal-derived glucocorticoids mediate the physiological response to stress. Chronic disturbances in glucocorticoid homeostasis, i.e. in Addison's and Cushing's disease patients, predispose to the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Here we review preclinical and clinical findings regarding the relation between changes in plasma glucocorticoid levels and the atherosclerosis extent. It appears that, although the altered glucocorticoid function can in most cases be restored in the different patient groups, current therapies do not necessarily reverse the associated risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In our opinion much attention should therefore be given to the development of a Cushing's disease mouse model that can (1) effectively replicate the effect of hypercortisolemia on atherosclerosis outcome observed in humans and (2) be used to investigate, in a preclinical setting, the relative impact on atherosclerosis susceptibility of already available (e.g. metyrapone) and potentially novel (i.e. SR-BI activity modulators) therapeutic agents that target the adrenal glucocorticoid output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J van der Sluis
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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198
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Identification of two major autoantigens negatively regulating endothelial activation in Takayasu arteritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1253. [PMID: 32152303 PMCID: PMC7062749 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of antiendothelial cell antibodies (AECAs) has been documented in Takayasu arteritis (TAK), a chronic granulomatous vasculitis. Here, we identify cell-surface autoantigens using an expression cloning system. A cDNA library of endothelial cells is retrovirally transfected into a rat myeloma cell line from which AECA-positive clones are sorted with flow cytometry. Four distinct AECA-positive clones are isolated, and endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI) are identified as endothelial autoantigens. Autoantibodies against EPCR and SR-BI are detected in 34.6% and 36.5% of cases, respectively, with minimal overlap (3.8%). Autoantibodies against EPCR are also detected in ulcerative colitis, the frequent comorbidity of TAK. In mechanistic studies, EPCR and SR-BI function as negative regulators of endothelial activation. EPCR has also an effect on human T cells and impair Th17 differentiation. Autoantibodies against EPCR and SR-BI block the functions of their targets, thereby promoting pro-inflammatory phenotype. Autoantibodies against endothelium have been recognized in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Here the authors identify endothelial protein C receptor and scavenger receptor class B type 1 as major autoantigens in TAK, and find autoantibodies inhibit the negative regulation of endothelial activation.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, with atherosclerosis as the major underlying factor, remains the leading cause of death worldwide. It is well established that cholesterol ester-enriched foam cells are the hallmark of atherosclerotic plaques. Multiple lines of evidence support that enhancing foam cell cholesterol efflux by HDL (high-density lipoprotein) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), is a promising antiatherogenic strategy. Yet, excitement towards the therapeutic potential of manipulating RCT for the treatment of cardiovascular disease has faded because of the lack of the association between cardiovascular disease risk and what was typically measured in intervention trials, namely HDL cholesterol, which has an inconsistent relationship to HDL function and RCT. In this review, we will summarize some of the potential reasons for this inconsistency, update the mechanisms of RCT, and highlight conditions in which impaired HDL function or RCT contributes to vascular disease. On balance, the evidence still argues for further research to better understand how HDL functionality contributes to RCT to develop prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Ouimet
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Canada (M.O.)
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (T.J.B., E.A.F.)
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York (T.J.B., E.A.F.)
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Dron JS, Wang J, McIntyre AD, Iacocca MA, Robinson JF, Ban MR, Cao H, Hegele RA. Six years' experience with LipidSeq: clinical and research learnings from a hybrid, targeted sequencing panel for dyslipidemias. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:23. [PMID: 32041611 PMCID: PMC7011550 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2013, our laboratory designed a targeted sequencing panel, "LipidSeq", to study the genetic determinants of dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. Over the last 6 years, we have analyzed 3262 patient samples obtained from our own Lipid Genetics Clinic and international colleagues. Here, we highlight our findings and discuss research benefits and clinical implications of our panel. METHODS LipidSeq targets 69 genes and 185 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) either causally related or associated with dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. This design allows us to simultaneously evaluate monogenic-caused by rare single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) or copy-number variants (CNVs)-and polygenic forms of dyslipidemia. Polygenic determinants were assessed using three polygenic scores, one each for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS Among 3262 patient samples evaluated, the majority had hypertriglyceridemia (40.1%) and familial hypercholesterolemia (28.3%). Across all samples, we identified 24,931 unique SNVs, including 2205 rare variants predicted disruptive to protein function, and 77 unique CNVs. Considering our own 1466 clinic patients, LipidSeq results have helped in diagnosis and improving treatment options. CONCLUSIONS Our LipidSeq design based on ontology of lipid disorders has enabled robust detection of variants underlying monogenic and polygenic dyslipidemias. In more than 50 publications related to LipidSeq, we have described novel variants, the polygenic nature of many dyslipidemias-some previously thought to be primarily monogenic-and have uncovered novel mechanisms of disease. We further demonstrate several tangible clinical benefits of its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S. Dron
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Adam D. McIntyre
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Michael A. Iacocca
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - John F. Robinson
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Matthew R. Ban
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Henian Cao
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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