201
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González García H, Garrote Molpeceres R, Urbaneja Rodríguez E, Gutiérrez Meléndez P, Herráiz Cristóbal R, Pino Vázquez MA. Differences in incidence and survival to childhood cancer between rural and urban areas in Castilla y León, Spain (2003-2014): A Strobe-compliant study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12797. [PMID: 30313108 PMCID: PMC6203519 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe childhood cancer incidence and survival in Castilla y León (Spain) for the period 2003 to 2014 and to explore differences between rural and urban areas.We made a cohort study in the childhood population of our region for the period of years referred before. Age-adjusted incidence rates to the world standard population (ASRw) were calculated by direct method, and their comparisons were made using incidence rate rations. Survival proportions were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and their comparisons with log-rank test. The median childhood population less than 15 years old was 296,776 children. A total of 615 cases were recorded from the population-based Childhood Cancer Registry, including all malignant and benign tumors of the central nervous system.Age-standardized incidence rates for all cancers were 176.6 per million. Leukemia incidence rates were highest in rural areas (51.08/million) than in urban areas (33.65/million; P = .018), and by age groups; these differences only remained at age 0 to 4 years with higher rural leukemia incidence (67.13/million) than in urban areas (39.32/million; P = .05). There were no statistically significant differences between rural and urban areas for lymphomas, central nervous system, and all other malignant solid tumors grouped. The 5-year overall survival rate for all patients was 84%, similar to other developed countries, with greater survival in rural areas (88%) compared with urban areas (80%; P = .033). The analysis by tumor groups showed a greater survival rate in rural areas for all the groups, although these differences only reached statistical significance in the group of leukemias, with a survival rate of 90% for rural areas compared with 76% for urban areas (P = .01). Analyzing survival rate by age groups in leukemias only significant survival differences at 10 to 14 years were encountered.We found a higher incidence of leukemia in girls, mainly in rural areas, and also a better survival rate in children diagnosed with leukemia belonging to this population area. Future studies that analyze these facts in similar populations can help us clarify what genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors influence our population and are responsible for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermenegildo González García
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Valladolid Clinic University Hospital, C/ Ramón y Cajal
| | - Rebeca Garrote Molpeceres
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Valladolid Clinic University Hospital, C/ Ramón y Cajal
| | - Elena Urbaneja Rodríguez
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Valladolid Clinic University Hospital, C/ Ramón y Cajal
| | - Pilar Gutiérrez Meléndez
- Health Public Observatory of Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de Sanidad, Paseo de Zorrilla, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Raquel Herráiz Cristóbal
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Valladolid Clinic University Hospital, C/ Ramón y Cajal
| | - María Asunción Pino Vázquez
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Valladolid Clinic University Hospital, C/ Ramón y Cajal
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202
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Liu L, Wang Q, Mao J, Qin T, Sun Y, Yang J, Han Y, Li L, Li Q. Salinomycin suppresses cancer cell stemness and attenuates TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cell carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:145-153. [PMID: 30273566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a difficult oncologic challenge. Salinomycin is a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic, which has been proved to possess anti-tumor activities in multiple types of cancer cells. However, its effects on RCC cells remains unclear. In our study, salinomycin could inhibit the proliferation and viability of RCC cell lines 786-O and ACHN. The TUNEL assay revealed that treatment with salinomycin induced DNA breaking in RCC cells. Consistently, Western blotting showed up-regulation of pro-apoptotic biomarkers (cleaved caspase3/9 and cleaved PARP1) and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic biomarker (survivin) in RCC cells after salinomycin treatment, suggesting that salinomycin could induce RCC cell apoptosis. salinomycin treatment also suppressed the sphere formation ability of RCC cells and decreased the expressions of CD105, ALDH1 and CD44, biomarkers for reflecting the stemness of RCC cells. salinomycin treatment effectively down-regulated SMO and Gli1, two key proteins in Hedghog signaling pathway, in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, salinomycin could suppress the invasion and migration of RCC cells in the presence of TGF-β1, as observed in wound-healing and Transwell assays. salinomycin treatment attenuated TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as evidenced by its ability to increase E-cadherin expression and decrease N-cadherin, Snail and MMP-2 expressions in RCC cells. Finally, salinomycin inhibited the tumorigenecity of RCC cells in vivo. Our study provides the evidence that salinomycin possess multiple anti-tumor activities against RCC, as it, in particular, suppressed the cancer stem cell properties and attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT. Therefore, it may serve as a potentially therapeutic candidate for metastatic RCC and improve the prognosis of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qifei Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jun Mao
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Han
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Quanlin Li
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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203
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Balamurugan K, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Sharan S, Summers GH, Dobrolecki LE, Lewis MT, Sterneck E. C/EBPδ links IL-6 and HIF-1 signaling to promote breast cancer stem cell-associated phenotypes. Oncogene 2018; 38:3765-3780. [PMID: 30262865 PMCID: PMC6437025 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve cancer patient outcome significantly, we must understand the mechanisms regulating stem-like cancer cells, which have been implicated as a cause of metastasis and treatment resistance. The transcription factor C/EBPδ can exhibit pro- and anti-tumorigenic activities, but the mechanisms underlying the complexity of its functions are poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for breast cancer cell intrinsic C/EBPδ in promoting phenotypes that have been associated with cancer stem cells (CSC). While C/EBPδ expression is not abundant in most metastatic breast cancers, our data support a pro-tumorigenic role of C/EBPδ when expressed in subsets of tumor cells and/or through transient activation by the tumor microenvironment or loss of substrate adhesion. Using genetic mouse models and human breast cancer cell lines, we show that deletion or depletion of C/EBPδ reduced expression of stem cell factors and stemnness markers, sphere formation and self-renewal, along with growth of tumors and established experimental metastases in vivo. C/EBPδ is also known as a mediator of the innate immune response, which is enhanced by hypoxia and interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling, two conditions that also play important roles in cancer progression. Our mechanistic data reveal C/EBPδ as a link that engages two positive feed-back loops, in part by directly targeting the IL-6 receptor (IL6RA) gene, and, thus, amplifying IL-6 and HIF-1 signaling. This study provides a molecular mechanism for the synergism of tumor micro-environmental conditions in cancer progression with potential implications for the targeting of cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppusamy Balamurugan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Villanueva
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.,Mission Bio, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Shikha Sharan
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Glenn H Summers
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Lacey E Dobrolecki
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Radiology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Esta Sterneck
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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204
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Rodríguez MM, Fiore E, Bayo J, Atorrasagasti C, García M, Onorato A, Domínguez L, Malvicini M, Mazzolini G. 4Mu Decreases CD47 Expression on Hepatic Cancer Stem Cells and Primes a Potent Antitumor T Cell Response Induced by Interleukin-12. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2738-2750. [PMID: 30301668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) represents a complex interplay between different cellular components, including tumor cells and cancer stem cells (CSCs), with the associated stroma; such interaction promotes tumor immune escape and sustains tumor growth. Several experimental approaches for cancer therapy are focused on TME remodeling, resulting in increased antitumor effects. We previously demonstrated that the hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4Mu) decreases liver fibrosis and induces antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this work, 4Mu, in combination with an adenovirus encoding interleukin-12 genes (AdIL-12), elicited a potent antitumor effect and significantly prolonged animal survival (p < 0.05) in an orthotopic HCC model established in fibrotic livers. In assessing the presence of CSCs, we found reduced mRNA levels of CD133+, CD90+, EpCAM+, CD44+, and CD13+ CSC markers within HCC tumors (p < 0.01). Additionally, 4Mu downregulated the expression of the CSC marker CD47+ on HCC cells, promoted phagocytosis by antigen-presenting cells, and, combined with Ad-IL12, elicited a potent cytotoxic-specific T cell response. Finally, animal survival was increased when CD133low HCC cells, generated upon 4Mu treatment, were injected in a metastatic HCC model. In conclusion, the combined strategy ameliorates HCC aggressiveness by targeting CSCs and as a result of the induction of anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo M Rodríguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agostina Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Domínguez
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Malvicini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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205
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Andrique C, Morardet L, Linares LK, Cissé MY, Merle C, Chibon F, Provot S, Haÿ E, Ea HK, Cohen-Solal M, Modrowski D. Calpain-6 controls the fate of sarcoma stem cells by promoting autophagy and preventing senescence. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121225. [PMID: 30185659 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are still unsolved therapeutic challenges. Cancer stem cells are believed to contribute to sarcoma development, but lack of specific markers prevents their characterization and targeting. Here, we show that calpain-6 expression is associated with cancer stem cell features. In mouse models of bone sarcoma, calpain-6-expressing cells have unique tumor-initiating and metastatic capacities. Calpain-6 levels are especially high in tumors that have been successfully propagated in mouse to establish patient-derived xenografts. We found that calpain-6 levels are increased by hypoxia in vitro and calpain-6 is detected within hypoxic areas in tumors. Furthermore, calpain-6 expression depends on the stem cell transcription network that involves Oct4, Nanog, and Sox2 and is activated by hypoxia. Calpain-6 knockdown blocks tumor development in mouse and induces depletion of the cancer stem cell population. Data from transcriptomic analyses reveal that calpain-6 expression in sarcomas inversely correlates with senescence markers. Calpain-6 knockdown suppresses hypoxia-dependent prevention of senescence entry and also promotion of autophagic flux. Together, our results demonstrate that calpain-6 identifies sarcoma cells with stem-like properties and is a mediator of hypoxia to prevent senescence, promote autophagy, and maintain the tumor-initiating cell population. These findings open what we believe is a novel therapeutic avenue for targeting sarcoma stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Andrique
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Morardet
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia K Linares
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Madi Y Cissé
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Candice Merle
- CRCT/UMR1037 INSERM-Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse France
| | - Frédéric Chibon
- CRCT/UMR1037 INSERM-Université Toulouse 3, Toulouse France.,ERL5294 CNRS, Toulouse France.,ICR-IUCT-ONCOPOLE, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvain Provot
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Haÿ
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hang-Korng Ea
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Modrowski
- Inserm UMR-1132, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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206
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Li Z, Wang Y, Hu R, Xu R, Xu W. LncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 recruits HuR to promote osteosarcoma cells stemness and migration via enhancing YAP transcriptional activity. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12504. [PMID: 30182452 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to reveal the roles and related mechanisms of LncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 in osteosarcoma (OS) cells stemness and migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of several LncRNAs in OS tissues and normal adjacent tissues and in OS mammospheres and cells. Cell viability, transwell migration, tumour spheres formation and in vivo tumour formation assays were used to examine the effects of LncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 on OS progression. In addition, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine the binding site of RNA-binding protein HuR on B4GALT1-AS1 and transcriptional factor YAP. Immunofluorescence analysis was used to examine YAP nuclear-cytoplasm translocation. RESULTS LncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 expression was significantly increased in OS tissues and cells spheres. Knockdown of B4GALT1-AS1 inhibited OS cells proliferation, migration, stemness and chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Mechanistically, B4GALT1-AS1 recruited HuR to enhance YAP mRNA stability and thus its transcriptional activity. CONCLUSIONS We indicate that lncRNA B4GALT1-AS1 promotes OS cells stemness and migration via recruiting HuR to enhance YAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Li
- School of Medicine, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixi Hu
- School of Medicine, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- School of Medicine, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Medicine, TongRen Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China
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207
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Qin J, Shi H, Xu Y, Zhao F, Wang Q. Tanshinone IIA inhibits cervix carcinoma stem cells migration and invasion via inhibiting YAP transcriptional activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:758-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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208
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Song KH, Kim JH, Lee YH, Bae HC, Lee HJ, Woo SR, Oh SJ, Lee KM, Yee C, Kim BW, Cho H, Chung EJ, Chung JY, Hewitt SM, Chung TW, Ha KT, Bae YK, Mao CP, Yang A, Wu T, Kim TW. Mitochondrial reprogramming via ATP5H loss promotes multimodal cancer therapy resistance. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4098-4114. [PMID: 30124467 PMCID: PMC6118592 DOI: 10.1172/jci96804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The host immune system plays a pivotal role in the emergence of tumor cells that are refractory to multiple clinical interventions including immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Here, we examined the molecular mechanisms by which the immune system triggers cross-resistance to these interventions. By examining the biological changes in murine and tumor cells subjected to sequential rounds of in vitro or in vivo immune selection via cognate cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we found that multimodality resistance arises through a core metabolic reprogramming pathway instigated by epigenetic loss of the ATP synthase subunit ATP5H, which leads to ROS accumulation and HIF-1α stabilization under normoxia. Furthermore, this pathway confers to tumor cells a stem-like and invasive phenotype. In vivo delivery of antioxidants reverses these phenotypic changes and resensitizes tumor cells to therapy. ATP5H loss in the tumor is strongly linked to failure of therapy, disease progression, and poor survival in patients with cancer. Collectively, our results reveal a mechanism underlying immune-driven multimodality resistance to cancer therapy and demonstrate that rational targeting of mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells may overcome this resistance. We believe these results hold important implications for the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Bae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Wook Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Young-Ki Bae
- Comparative Biomedicine Research Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Chih-Ping Mao
- MD-PhD Program
- Immunology Training Program
- Department of Pathology
| | | | - T.C. Wu
- Department of Pathology
- Department of Oncology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, and
- Translational Research Institute for Incurable Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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209
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Inselmann S, Wang Y, Saussele S, Fritz L, Schütz C, Huber M, Liebler S, Ernst T, Cai D, Botschek S, Brendel C, Calogero RA, Pavlinic D, Benes V, Liu ET, Neubauer A, Hochhaus A, Burchert A. Development, Function, and Clinical Significance of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Res 2018; 78:6223-6234. [PMID: 30166420 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are the main producers of a key T-cell-stimulatory cytokine, IFNα, and critical regulators of antiviral immunity. Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is caused by BCR-ABL, which is an oncogenic tyrosine kinase that can be effectively inhibited with ABL-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). BCR-ABL-induced suppression of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 was previously proposed to block pDC development and compromise immune surveillance in CML. Here, we demonstrate that pDCs in newly diagnosed CML (CML-pDC) develop quantitatively normal and are frequently positive for the costimulatory antigen CD86. They originate from low-level BCR-ABL-expressing precursors. CML-pDCs also retain their competence to maturate and to secrete IFN. RNA sequencing reveals a strong inflammatory gene expression signature in CML-pDCs. Patients with high CML-pDC counts at diagnosis achieve inferior rates of deep molecular remission (MR) under nilotinib, unless nilotinib therapy is combined with IFN, which strongly suppresses circulating pDC counts. Although most pDCs are BCR-ABL-negative in MR, a substantial proportion of BCR-ABL + CML-pDCs persists under TKI treatment. This could be of relevance, because CML-pDCs elicit CD8+ T cells, which protect wild-type mice from CML. Together, pDCs are identified as novel functional DC population in CML, regulating antileukemic immunity and treatment outcome in CML.Significance: CML-pDC originates from low-level BCR-ABL expressing stem cells into a functional immunogenic DC-population regulating antileukemic immunity and treatment outcome in CML. Cancer Res; 78(21); 6223-34. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Inselmann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Saussele
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Fritz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christin Schütz
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Huber
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Simone Liebler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Jena, Germany
| | - Dali Cai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sarah Botschek
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Dinko Pavlinic
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Neubauer
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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210
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Miao Y, Zhang Y, Yin L. Trends in hepatocellular carcinoma research from 2008 to 2017: a bibliometric analysis. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5477. [PMID: 30128213 PMCID: PMC6098682 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To comprehensively analyse the global scientific outputs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) research. Methods Data of publications were downloaded from the Web of Science Core Collection. We used CiteSpace IV and Excel 2016 to analyse literature information, including journals, countries/regions, institutes, authors, citation reports and research frontiers. Results Until March 31, 2018, a total of 24,331 papers in HCC research were identified as published between 2008 and 2017. Oncotarget published the most papers. China contributed the most publications and the United States occupied leading positions in H-index value and the number of ESI top papers. Llovet JM owned the highest co-citations. The keyword “transarterial chemoembolization” ranked first in the research front-line. Conclusions The amount of papers published in HCC research has kept increasing since 2008. China showed vast progress in HCC research, but the United States was still the dominant country. Transarterial chemoembolization, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer stem cell were the latest research frontiers and should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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211
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Jewett A, Kos J, Fong Y, Ko MW, Safaei T, Perišić Nanut M, Kaur K. NK cells shape pancreatic and oral tumor microenvironments; role in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:178-188. [PMID: 30081230 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have recently shown that natural killer (NK) cells select and differentiate cancer stem cells (CSCs)/undifferentiated tumors via secreted and membrane bound IFN-gamma (IFN-γ) and TNF-alpha (TNF-α), preventing tumor growth and inducing remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Since many conventional therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy remain fairly unsuccessful in treating CSCs/poorly differentiated tumors, there has been an increasing interest in NK cell-targeted immunotherapy for the treatment of aggressive tumors. In our recent studies, we used humanized-BLT (hu-BLT) mouse model with transplanted human bone marrow, liver and thymus to demonstrate the efficacy of adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded, super-charged NK cells in selection and differentiation of stem-like tumors within the context of a fully reconstituted human immune system. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that CSCs differentiated with split-anergized NK cells prior to implantation in hu-BLT mice were not able to grow or metastasize. However, when NK cell-mediated tumor differentiation was blocked by the addition of antibodies to IFN-γ and TNF-α, tumors grew and metastasized. In this review, we present current advances in NK cell expansion and therapeutic delivery, and discuss the utility of allogeneic super-charged NK cells in treatment of cancer patients. In addition, NK suppression occurs not only at the stage of overt cancer, but also at the pre-neoplastic stage. Therefore, due to the indispensable role of NK cells in targeting CSCs/undifferentiated tumors and their role in differentiation of the tumors, NK cells should be placed high in the armamentarium of tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA; Center of Gene Therapy, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Meng-Wei Ko
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tahmineh Safaei
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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212
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de Ruiter JR, Wessels LFA, Jonkers J. Mouse models in the era of large human tumour sequencing studies. Open Biol 2018; 8:180080. [PMID: 30111589 PMCID: PMC6119864 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease in which cells progressively accumulate mutations disrupting their cellular processes. A fraction of these mutations drive tumourigenesis by affecting oncogenes or tumour suppressor genes, but many mutations are passengers with no clear contribution to tumour development. The advancement of DNA and RNA sequencing technologies has enabled in-depth analysis of thousands of human tumours from various tissues to perform systematic characterization of their (epi)genomes and transcriptomes in order to identify (epi)genetic changes associated with cancer. Combined with considerable progress in algorithmic development, this expansion in scale has resulted in the identification of many cancer-associated mutations, genes and pathways that are considered to be potential drivers of tumour development. However, it remains challenging to systematically identify drivers affected by complex genomic rearrangements and drivers residing in non-coding regions of the genome or in complex amplicons or deletions of copy-number driven tumours. Furthermore, functional characterization is challenging in the human context due to the lack of genetically tractable experimental model systems in which the effects of mutations can be studied in the context of their tumour microenvironment. In this respect, mouse models of human cancer provide unique opportunities for pinpointing novel driver genes and their detailed characterization. In this review, we provide an overview of approaches for complementing human studies with data from mouse models. We also discuss state-of-the-art technological developments for cancer gene discovery and validation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L F A Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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213
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De Cola A, Lamolinara A, Lanuti P, Rossi C, Iezzi M, Marchisio M, Todaro M, De Laurenzi V. MiR-205-5p inhibition by locked nucleic acids impairs metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:821. [PMID: 30050081 PMCID: PMC6062508 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mir-205 plays an important role in epithelial biogenesis and in mammary gland development but its role in cancer still remains controversial depending on the specific cellular context and target genes. We have previously reported that miR-205-5p is upregulated in breast cancer stem cells targeting ERBB pathway and leading to targeted therapy resistance. Here we show that miR-205-5p regulates tumorigenic properties of breast cancer cells, as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Silencing this miRNA in breast cancer results in reduced tumor growth and metastatic spreading in mouse models. Moreover, we show that miR-205-5p knock-down can be obtained with the use of specific locked nucleic acids oligonucleotides in vivo suggesting a future potential use of this approach in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella De Cola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Alessia Lamolinara
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Cosmo Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSi-Met), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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214
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Xiang X, Deng L, Xiong R, Xiao D, Chen Z, Yang F, Liu K, Feng G. Tex10 is upregulated and promotes cancer stem cell properties and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1310-1318. [PMID: 30045663 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1480208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis expressed 10 (Tex10), a new core component of the pluripotency circuitry, has been reported to positively regulate embryonic stem cell (ESC) super-enhancers to promote ESC self-renewal; however, the expression and function of Tex10 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cancer stem cells remains unclear. The present study was designed to investigate the expression patterns of Tex10 with immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-qPCR in samples from HCC patients and HCC cell lines. The results obtained show that Tex10 was highly expressed in HCC tissues, and elevated Tex10 protein levels positively correlate with the poorly differentiated carcinoma. Likewise, we found that Tex10 expression in the high-metastasis HCCLM3 potential cell line was higher than that in the low-metastasis HepG2 potential cell line, and Tex10 expression in liver cancer stem cells was also higher than that in adhered HCC cells. In addition, Tex10 knockdown decreased stem cell marker expression and drug resistance. Tex10 promoted cancer stemness through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Tex10 plays a potent carcinogenic role in HCC tumorigenesis by maintaining cancer stem cell properties through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway and promoting chemo-resistance. Thus, targeting Tex10 may provide a novel and effective therapeutic strategy to suppress the tumorigenicity of advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocong Xiang
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Li Deng
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Rong Xiong
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Dongqin Xiao
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Zhu Chen
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Fei Yang
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Kang Liu
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
| | - Gang Feng
- a Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells , Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College , Nanchong , China
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215
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Valent P, Hadzijusufovic E, Grunt T, Karlic H, Peter B, Herrmann H, Eisenwort G, Hoermann G, Schulenburg A, Willmann M, Hubmann R, Shehata M, Selzer E, Gleixner KV, Rülicke T, Sperr WR, Marian B, Pfeilstöcker M, Pehamberger H, Keil F, Jäger U, Zielinski C. Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC): first 10 years and future perspectives. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2018; 130:517-529. [PMID: 30006759 PMCID: PMC6132878 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-018-1355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2008 the Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC) was established on the basis of two previous Ludwig Boltzmann Institutes working in the field of hematology and cancer research. The general aim of the LBC ONC is to improve treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms by eradicating cancer-initiating and disease-propagating cells, also known as leukemic stem cells (LSC) in the context of leukemia. In a first phase, the LBC ONC characterized the phenotype and molecular aberration profiles of LSC in various malignancies. The LSC phenotypes were established in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, the concept of preleukemic (premalignant) neoplastic stem cells (pre-L-NSC) was coined by the LBC ONC and was tested in myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Phenotypic characterization of LSC provided a solid basis for their purification and for the characterization of specific target expression profiles. In a second phase, molecular markers and targets were validated. This second phase is ongoing and should result in the development of new diagnostics parameters and novel, more effective, LSC-eradicating, treatment strategies; however, many issues still remain to be solved, such as sub-clonal evolution, LSC niche interactions, immunologic control of LSC, and LSC resistance. In the forthcoming years, the LBC ONC will concentrate on developing LSC-eradicating strategies, with special focus on LSC resistance, precision medicine and translation of LSC-eradicating concepts into clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria. .,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Emir Hadzijusufovic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria.,Department/Clinic for Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Small Animals, Clinical Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Grunt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidrun Karlic
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Hoermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schulenburg
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Stem Cell Transplantation Unit, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Willmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Companion Animals and Horses, Clinic for Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hubmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Medhat Shehata
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edgar Selzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karoline V Gleixner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Pfeilstöcker
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Pehamberger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Keil
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Zielinski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Clinical Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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216
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Simpkins F, Jang K, Yoon H, Hew KE, Kim M, Azzam DJ, Sun J, Zhao D, Ince TA, Liu W, Guo W, Wei Z, Zhang G, Mills GB, Slingerland JM. Dual Src and MEK Inhibition Decreases Ovarian Cancer Growth and Targets Tumor Initiating Stem-Like Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:4874-4886. [PMID: 29959144 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Rational targeted therapies are needed for treatment of ovarian cancers. Signaling kinases Src and MAPK are activated in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Here, we tested the frequency of activation of both kinases in HGSOC and the therapeutic potential of dual kinase inhibition.Experimental Design: MEK and Src activation was assayed in primary HGSOC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TGGA). Effects of dual kinase inhibition were assayed on cell-cycle, apoptosis, gene, and proteomic analysis; cancer stem cells; and xenografts.Results: Both Src and MAPK are coactivated in 31% of HGSOC, and this associates with worse overall survival on multivariate analysis. Frequent dual kinase activation in HGSOC led us to assay the efficacy of combined Src and MEK inhibition. Treatment of established lines and primary ovarian cancer cultures with Src and MEK inhibitors saracatinib and selumetinib, respectively, showed target kinase inhibition and synergistic induction of apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest in vitro, and tumor inhibition in xenografts. Gene expression and proteomic analysis confirmed cell-cycle inhibition and autophagy. Dual therapy also potently inhibited tumor-initiating cells. Src and MAPK were both activated in tumor-initiating populations. Combination treatment followed by drug washout decreased sphere formation and ALDH1+ cells. In vivo, tumors dissociated after dual therapy showed a marked decrease in ALDH1 staining, sphere formation, and loss of tumor-initiating cells upon serial xenografting.Conclusions: Selumetinib added to saracatinib overcomes EGFR/HER2/ERBB2-mediated bypass activation of MEK/MAPK observed with saracatinib alone and targets tumor-initiating ovarian cancer populations, supporting further evaluation of combined Src-MEK inhibition in clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4874-86. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Simpkins
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Ovarian Cancer Research Center, Division of Gynecology Oncology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kibeom Jang
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Karina E Hew
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Diana J Azzam
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Jun Sun
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Dekuang Zhao
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Tan A Ince
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Gao Zhang
- Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joyce M Slingerland
- Braman Family Breast Cancer Institute at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.,Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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217
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Chan MM, Chen R, Fong D. Targeting cancer stem cells with dietary phytochemical - Repositioned drug combinations. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:53-64. [PMID: 29960048 PMCID: PMC7117025 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is complex with the cancer stem cell (CSC) as a member within its community. This population possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause cellular heterogeneity of the tumor. CSCs are resistant to conventional anti-proliferative drugs. In order to be curative, it is imperative that CSCs must be eliminated by cancer therapy. A variety of dietary phytochemicals and repositioned drugs can act synergistically with conventional anti-cancer agents. In this review, we advocate the development of a novel approach, namely combination therapy by incorporating both phytochemicals and repositioned drugs to target CSCs. We cover select dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein) and repurposed drugs (metformin, niclosamide, thioridazine, chloroquine). Five of the eight (curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein, metformin) are listed in “The Halifax Project”, that explores “the concept of a low-toxicity ‘broad-spectrum’ therapeutic approach that could simultaneously target many key pathways and mechanisms” [1]. For these compounds, we discuss their mechanisms of action, in which models their anti-CSC activities were identified, as well as advantages, challenges and potentials of combination therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the culprits for cancer drug resistance and cancer relapse. Dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate) target CSCs. Repositioned drugs (metformin, niclosamide, thioridazine) target CSCs. Phytochemical-drug combinations targeting CSCs may exhibit synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA.
| | - Rensa Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Dunne Fong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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218
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Valent P. ICUS, IDUS, CHIP and CCUS: Diagnostic Criteria, Separation from MDS and Clinical Implications. Pathobiology 2018; 86:30-38. [PMID: 29860246 DOI: 10.1159/000489042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Various myeloid neoplasms, including the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), bear a certain risk of progression to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML). The evolution from low-risk to high-risk MDS and finally to sAML suggests that leukemogenesis is a multistep process. However, even before an overt neoplasm, such as an MDS, develops, "prediagnostic" clonal conditions may be identified. With the advent of large-scale genomic screens, such conditions may be detected quite frequently and early in apparently healthy individuals. Recent data suggest that these conditions increase with age and are indeed associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of MDS or another myeloid neoplasm. In other patients, unexplained cytopenia may be detected and may precede MDS. More recently, diagnostic criteria for potential pre-MDS conditions, including idiopathic cytopenia of uncertain significance and clonal hematopoiesis with indeterminate potential, have been proposed. The current article provides an overview of pre-MDS states and related criteria through which these conditions can be discriminated from each other and from MDS. In addition, the clinical implications and management of pre-MDS states are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, .,Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna,
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219
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Zheng L, Xiang C, Li X, Guo Q, Gao L, Ni H, Xia Y, Xi T. STARD13-correlated ceRNA network-directed inhibition on YAP/TAZ activity suppresses stemness of breast cancer via co-regulating Hippo and Rho-GTPase/F-actin signaling. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:72. [PMID: 29848346 PMCID: PMC5977742 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting cancer stem cells is critical for suppressing cancer progression and recurrence. Finding novel markers or related pathways could help eradicate or diagnose cancer in clinic. Methods By constructing STARD13-correlated ceRNA 3′UTR stable overexpression or knockdown breast cancer cells, we aimed to explore the effects of STARD13-correlated ceRNA network on breast cancer stemness in vitro and in vivo. Further RNA-sequencing was used to analyze transcriptome change in combination with functional studies on candidate signaling. Clinical samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas data were used to validate the correlation between STARD13 and related pathways. Finally, in vitro and in vivo experiments were used to examine the effects of STARD13-correlated ceRNA network on chemotherapy sensitivity/resistance. Results Here, we revealed that this ceRNA network inhibited stemness of breast cancer. Mechanistically, we found that activation of STARD13-correlated ceRNA network was negatively correlated with YAP/TAZ activity in breast cancer. Specifically, this ceRNA network attenuated YAP/TAZ nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity via collectively modulating Hippo and Rho-GTPase/F-actin signaling. Finally, we demonstrated that YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity regulated by this ceRNA network was involved in chemoresistance. Conclusions Our results uncover a novel mechanism of YAP/TAZ activation in breast cancer and propose the possibility to drive STARD13-correlated ceRNA network to inhibit breast cancer stem cell traits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-018-0613-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenxi Xiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lanlan Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haiwei Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Tao Xi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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220
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Jiang C, He C, Wu Z, Li F, Xiao J. Histone methyltransferase SETD2 regulates osteosarcoma cell growth and chemosensitivity by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:382-388. [PMID: 29842882 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SETD2 is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes the trimethylation of lysine 36 on histone 3. SETD2 is frequently found to be mutated or deleted in a variety of human tumors, whereas the role of SETD2 in oncogenesis of osteosarcoma has never been defined. Here in our study, we uncovered that SETD2 regulates tumor growth and chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma. Overexpression of SETD2 significantly inhibited osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, SETD2 significantly enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells and inhibited cancer stem cell properties in OS cells. SETD2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling and its downstream gene c-myc, CD133 and cyclin D1. We further revealed that SETD2 upregulates H3K36me3 modification in GSK3B loci and promotes its transcription, which lead to β-catenin degradation. Together, our study delineates SETD2 function in osteosarcoma as an important regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and suggests SETD2 as a novel target in diagnosis and combined chemotherapy of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyin Jiang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Chao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Tumor, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi Number 9 People's Hospital Affiliated Soochow University, Wuxi, 214062, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second MilitaryMedical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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221
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Xu X, Zhang L, He X, Zhang P, Sun C, Xu X, Lu Y, Li F. TGF-β plays a vital role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) drug-resistance through regulating stemness, EMT and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:160-165. [PMID: 29792857 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most malignant subtype of breast cancer in which the cell surface lacks usual targets for drug to exhibit its effects. Epirubicin (Epi) is widely used for TNBC, but a substantial number of patients develop Epi resistance that is usually associated with poor prognosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine. In recent study, it appears that TGF-β influences the cancer stem cell population, thus, the drug resistance of cancer may also be affected. We used epirubicin to treat MDA-MB-231 (MB-231) cells and found that TGF-β and breast cancer stem cell markers CD44+CD24- were increased and were dose-dependent of epirubicin. We established drug-resistant cell line from parental MB-231 cells by chronic treatment with low-concentration epirubicin. The MB-231/Epi cell line showed relatively slow growth rate with varied morphology. Transwell assay and drug sensitivity assay revealed that the malignant cell behaviors in terms of migration, invasion and epirubicin-resistant properties were markedly increased in the MB-231/Epi cells. Western blot, immunofluorescence assay, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the expression levels of the breast cancer stem cell markers, CD44 and CD24. Mammospheres assay showed that the stemness of MB-231/Epi was increased compared to their parental cells. Interestingly, MB-231/Epi cells showed different expression levels of apoptosis-related markers: Bcl2, Bax; EMT-related markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin and cell cycle-related marker cyclinD1. These genes have all been shown to be regulated by the TGF-β pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that TGF-β plays a vital role in TNBC epirubicin-resistance through regulating stemness, EMT and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaogang He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China; Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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Expression of cancer stem cell markers CD44, ALDH1 and p75NTR in actinic cheilitis and lip cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:1877-1883. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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223
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Shteinfer-Kuzmine A, Amsalem Z, Arif T, Zooravlov A, Shoshan-Barmatz V. Selective induction of cancer cell death by VDAC1-based peptides and their potential use in cancer therapy. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1077-1103. [PMID: 29698587 PMCID: PMC6026870 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial VDAC1 mediates cross talk between the mitochondria and other parts of the cell by transporting anions, cations, ATP, Ca2+, and metabolites and serves as a key player in apoptosis. As such, VDAC1 is involved in two important hallmarks of cancer development, namely energy and metabolic reprograming and apoptotic cell death evasion. We previously developed cell‐penetrating VDAC1‐derived peptides that interact with hexokinase (HK), Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐xL to prevent the anti‐apoptotic activities of these proteins and induce cancer cell death, with a focus on leukemia and glioblastoma. In this study, we demonstrated the sensitivity of a panel of genetically characterized cancer cell lines, differing in origin and carried mutations, to VDAC1‐based peptide‐induced apoptosis. Noncancerous cell lines were less affected by the peptides. Furthermore, we constructed additional VDAC1‐based peptides with the aim of improving targeting, selectivity, and cellular stability, including R‐Tf‐D‐LP4, containing the transferrin receptor internalization sequence (Tf) that allows targeting of the peptide to cancer cells, known to overexpress the transferrin receptor. The mode of action of the VDAC1‐based peptides involves HK detachment, interfering with the action of anti‐apoptotic proteins, and thus activating multiple routes leading to an impairment of cell energy and metabolism homeostasis and the induction of apoptosis. Finally, in xenograft glioblastoma, lung, and breast cancer mouse models, R‐Tf‐D‐LP4 inhibited tumor growth while inducing massive cancer cell death, including of cancer stem cells. Thus, VDAC1‐based peptides offer an innovative new conceptual framework for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shteinfer-Kuzmine
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zohar Amsalem
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Alexandra Zooravlov
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Varda Shoshan-Barmatz
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Tumorigenic Cell Reprogramming and Cancer Plasticity: Interplay between Signaling, Microenvironment, and Epigenetics. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4598195. [PMID: 29853913 PMCID: PMC5954911 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4598195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that many tumors rely on subpopulations of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the ability to propagate malignant clones indefinitely and to produce an overt cancer. Of importance, CSCs seem to be more resistant to the conventional cytotoxic treatments, driving tumor growth and contributing to relapse. CSCs can originate from normal committed cells which undergo tumor-reprogramming processes and reacquire a stem cell-like phenotype. Increasing evidences also show how tumor homeostasis and progression strongly rely on the capacity of nontumorigenic cancer cells to dedifferentiate to CSCs. Both tumor microenvironment and epigenetic reprogramming drive such dynamic mechanisms, favoring cancer cell plasticity and tumor heterogeneity. Here, we report new developments which led to an advancement in the CSC field, elucidating the concepts of cancer cell of origin and CSC plasticity in solid tumor initiation and maintenance. We further discuss the main signaling pathways which, under the influence of extrinsic environmental factors, play a critical role in the formation and maintenance of CSCs. Moreover, we propose a review of the main epigenetic mechanisms whose deregulation can favor the onset of CSC features both in tumor initiation and tumor maintenance. Finally, we provide an update of the main strategies that could be applied to target CSCs and cancer cell plasticity.
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225
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Zhou Z, Li M, Zhang L, Zhao H, Şahin Ö, Chen J, Zhao JJ, Songyang Z, Yu D. Oncogenic Kinase-Induced PKM2 Tyrosine 105 Phosphorylation Converts Nononcogenic PKM2 to a Tumor Promoter and Induces Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2248-2261. [PMID: 29440169 PMCID: PMC5932213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) in tumor progression has been controversial. Previous studies showed that PKM2 promoted tumor growth in xenograft models; however, depletion of PKM2 in the Brca1-loss-driven mammary tumor mouse model accelerates tumor formation. Because oncogenic kinases are frequently activated in tumors and PKM2 phosphorylation promotes tumor growth, we hypothesized that phosphorylation of PKM2 by activated kinases in tumor cells confers PKM2 oncogenic function, whereas nonphosphorylated PKM2 is nononcogenic. Indeed, PKM2 was phosphorylated at tyrosine 105 (Y105) and formed oncogenic dimers in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whereas PKM2 was largely unphosphorylated and formed nontumorigenic tetramers in nontransformed MCF10A cells. PKM2 knockdown did not affect MCF10A cell growth but significantly decreased proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with tyrosine kinase activation. Multiple kinases that are frequently activated in different cancer types were identified to phosphorylate PKM2-Y105 in our tyrosine kinase screening. Introduction of the PKM2-Y105D phosphomimetic mutant into MCF10A cells induced colony formation and the CD44hi/CD24neg cancer stem-like cell population by increasing Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear localization. ErbB2, a strong inducer of PKM2-Y105 phosphorylation, boosted nuclear localization of YAP and enhanced the cancer stem-like cell population. Treatment with the ErbB2 kinase inhibitor lapatinib decreased PKM2-Y105 phosphorylation and cancer stem-like cells, impeding PKM2 tumor-promoting function. Taken together, phosphorylation of PKM2-Y105 by activated kinases exerts oncogenic functions in part via activation of YAP downstream signaling to increase cancer stem-like cell properties.Significance: These findings reveal PKM2 promotes tumorigenesis by inducing cancer stem-like cell properties and clarify the paradox of PKM2's dichotomous functions in tumor progression. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2248-61. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Min Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Özgür Şahin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Chen
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Institute of Healthy Aging Research, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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226
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Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MYCN-positive liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4969-4974. [PMID: 29686061 PMCID: PMC5949003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1802279115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer, partly because of its high rate of recurrence, which is caused by the presence of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, using a selective chemopreventive agent, acyclic retinoid (ACR), as a bioprobe, we identified MYCN, which is mostly recognized as an oncogene in neuroblastoma, as a therapeutic target of ACR for HCC through a selective deletion of MYCN+ liver CSCs. We also demonstrated that the expression of MYCN in HCC served as a prognostic biomarker and positively correlated with recurrence of de novo HCC after curative treatment. Our study highlighted MYCN as a biomarker and therapeutic target in drug discovery for screening chemopreventive agents against the recurrence of HCC. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer that has a high rate of recurrence, in part because of cancer stem cell (CSC)-dependent field cancerization. Acyclic retinoid (ACR) is a synthetic vitamin A-like compound capable of preventing the recurrence of HCC. Here, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome screen and showed that ACR selectively suppressed the expression of MYCN, a member of the MYC family of basic helix–loop–helix–zipper transcription factors, in HCC cell cultures, animal models, and liver biopsies obtained from HCC patients. MYCN expression in human HCC was correlated positively with both CSC and Wnt/β-catenin signaling markers but negatively with mature hepatocyte markers. Functional analysis showed repressed cell-cycle progression, proliferation, and colony formation, activated caspase-8, and induced cell death in HCC cells following silencing of MYCN expression. High-content single-cell imaging analysis and flow cytometric analysis identified a MYCN+ CSC subpopulation in the heterogeneous HCC cell cultures and showed that these cells were selectively killed by ACR. Particularly, EpCAM+ cells isolated using a cell-sorting system showed increased MYCN expression and sensitivity to ACR compared with EpCAM− cells. In a long-term (>10 y) follow-up study of 102 patients with HCC, MYCN was expressed at higher levels in the HCC tumor region than in nontumor regions, and there was a positive correlation between MYCN expression and recurrence of de novo HCC but not metastatic HCC after curative treatment. In summary, these results suggest that MYCN serves as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of ACR for liver CSCs in de novo HCC.
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227
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Lleonart ME, Abad E, Graifer D, Lyakhovich A. Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Autophagy Defines the Fate of Cancer Stem Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1066-1079. [PMID: 28683561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Significance: A fraction of tumorigenic cells, also known as tumor initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs), is thought to drive tumor growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. However, little is known regarding mechanisms that convey relevant pathways contributing to their self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation abilities. Recent Advances: Recent works on CSCs provide evidence on the role of redox disruption and regulation of autophagic flux. This has been linked to increased DNA repair capacity and chemoresistance. Critical Issues: The current review summarizes the most recent studies assessing the role of redox homeostasis, autophagy, and chemoresistance in CSCs, including some novel findings on microRNAs and their role in horizontal transfer within cancer cell populations. Future Directions: Rational anticancer therapy and prevention should rely on the fact that cancer is a redox disease with the CSCs being the apex modulated by redox-mediated autophagy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1066-1079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde E Lleonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Etna Abad
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dmitry Graifer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia.,ICRC-FNUSA, International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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228
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Machida K. Pluripotency Transcription Factors and Metabolic Reprogramming of Mitochondria in Tumor-Initiating Stem-like Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1080-1089. [PMID: 29256636 PMCID: PMC5865250 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Neoplasms contain tumor-initiating stem-like cells (TICs) that drive malignant progression and tumor growth with drug resistance. TICs proliferate through a self-renewal process in which the two daughter cells differ in their proliferative potential, with one retaining the self-renewing phenotype and another displaying the differentiated phenotype. Recent Advances: Cancer traits (hepatocellular carcinoma) are triggered by alcoholism, obesity, and hepatitis B or C virus (HBV and HCV), including genetic changes, angiogenesis, defective tumor immunity, immortalization, metabolic reprogramming, excessive and prolonged inflammation, migration/invasion/metastasis, evasion of cell cycle arrest, anticell death, and compensatory regeneration/proliferation. Critical Issues: This review describes how metabolic reprogramming in mitochondria promotes self-renewal and oncogenicity of TICs. Pluripotency transcription factors (TFs), NANOG, OCT4, MYC, and SOX2, contribute to cancer progression by mitochondrial reprogramming, leading to the genesis of TICs and cancer. For example, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid metabolism are identified as major pathways contributing to pluripotency TF-mediated oncogenesis. Future Directions: Identification of novel metabolic pathways provides potential drug targets for neutralizing the activity of highly malignant TICs found in cancer patients. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1080-1089.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Machida
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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229
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An autocrine/paracrine circuit of growth differentiation factor (GDF) 15 has a role for maintenance of breast cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24869-24881. [PMID: 28206960 PMCID: PMC5421895 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for tumor growth, recurrence, and resistance to conventional cancer therapy. However, it is still unclear how they are maintained in tumor tissues. Here, we show that the growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the TGFβ family, may maintain cancer stem-like cells in breast cancer tissues by inducing its own expression in an autocrine/paracrine manner. We found that GDF15, but not TGFβ, increased tumor sphere formation in several breast cancer cell lines and patient-derived primary breast cancer cells. As expected, TGFβ strongly stimulated the phosphorylation of Smad2. GDF15 also stimulated the phosphorylation of Smad2, but the GDF15-induced tumor sphere forming efficiency was not significantly affected by treatment with SB431542, an inhibitor of the TGFβ signaling. Although TGFβ transiently activated ERK1/2, GDF15 induced prolonged activation of ERK1/2. Treatment with U0126, an inhibitor of the MEK-ERK1/2 signaling, greatly inhibited the GDF15-induced tumor sphere formation. Moreover, cytokine array experiments revealed that GDF15, but not TGFβ, is able to induce its own expression; furthermore, it appears to form an autocrine/paracrine circuit to continuously produce GDF15. In addition, we found heterogeneous expression levels of GDF15 among cancer cells and in human breast cancer tissues using immunohistochemistry. This may reflect a heterogeneous cancer cell population, including cancer stem-like cells and other cancer cells. Our findings suggest that GDF15 induces tumor sphere formation through GDF15-ERK1/2-GDF15 circuits, leading to maintenance of GDF15high cancer stem-like cells. Targeting GDF15 to break these circuits should contribute to the eradication of tumors.
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230
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Abstract
Therapeutics that block kinases, transcriptional modifiers, immune checkpoints and other biological vulnerabilities are transforming cancer treatment. As a result, many patients achieve dramatic responses, including complete radiographical or pathological remission, yet retain minimal residual disease (MRD), which results in relapse. New functional approaches can characterize clonal heterogeneity and predict therapeutic sensitivity of MRD at a single-cell level. Preliminary evidence suggests that iterative detection, profiling and targeting of MRD would meaningfully improve outcomes and may even lead to cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlise R. Luskin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
| | - Mark A. Murakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
| | - Scott R. Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Corresponding authors: (S. R. M.) and (D. M. W.)
| | - David M. Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA,
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, USA
- Corresponding authors: (S. R. M.) and (D. M. W.)
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231
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Yamanaka C, Wada H, Eguchi H, Hatano H, Gotoh K, Noda T, Yamada D, Asaoka T, Kawamoto K, Nagano H, Doki Y, Mori M. Clinical significance of CD13 and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2018; 48:52-60. [PMID: 29145632 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyx157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims To improve prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the molecular mechanisms of tumor thrombus formation and metastasis must be clarified. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) play crucial roles in tumor invasion and metastasis. This study aimed to reveal the clinical significance of the expression of the functional CSC marker, CD13, and investigate the correlation between CD13 expression and two EMT markers, E-cadherin and vimentin. Methods We acquired clinical samples from 86 patients with HCC that underwent radical liver resections. We performed immunohistochemistry to evaluate CD13, E-cadherin and vimentin expression. We investigated the relationships among protein expression levels, clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Results Based on CD13 expression, patients were categorized into CD13high (n = 30, 34.9%) and CD13low (n = 56, 65.1%) groups. The mean tumor size was significantly larger in the CD13high group than in the CD13low group (P = 0.049). Compared with the CD13low group, the CD13high group showed significantly earlier recurrences and shorter survival times. In the multivariate analysis, CD13high was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 1.98; P = 0.044). The disease-free survival time was shorter in the vimentin-positive group than that in the vimentin-negative group (P = 0.014). In an analysis of the relationship between CD13 and EMT, there was no significant correlation between CD13 and EMT markers. Conclusions Our findings suggested that CD13 enrichment was correlated with early recurrences, and poor prognosis in patients with HCC and that vimentin was associated with early recurrences. CD13 represents a potential therapeutic target for HCC, because CSC regulation and EMT suppression are essential in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Yamanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisanori Hatano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihito Gotoh
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Noda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisaku Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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232
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Li C, Fan Q, Quan H, Nie M, Luo Y, Wang L. The three branches of the unfolded protein response exhibit differential significance in breast cancer growth and stemness. Exp Cell Res 2018; 367:170-185. [PMID: 29601799 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is widely activated in cancers. The mammalian UPR encompasses three signaling branches, namely inositol-requiring enzyme-1α (IRE1α), protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor 6α (ATF6α). The functional significance of each branch in tumorigenesis is incompletely understood, especially in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we report that inhibition and silencing of the three UPR sensors has differential effects on breast cancer growth and the CSC population. The levels of PERK and ATF6α strongly correlate with the expression of sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), a pluripotency regulator, in human breast cancer tissues. UPR activation is also elevated in the CSC-enriched mammospheres. Inhibition of the UPR sensors or excess ER stress markedly reduces the formation and maintenance of mammospheres, suggesting that an appropriate level of UPR activation is critical for the CSC survival. Mechanistically, transcription factors from UPR and pluripotency pathways interact and reciprocally influence each other. A transcription modulator, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein delta (C/EBPδ), interacts with pluripotency regulator, SOX2, and UPR transcription factors, thus likely serving as a link to coordinate UPR and pluripotency maintenance in CSCs. Our findings demonstrate that UPR is critical for both cancer growth and pluripotency, and highlight the differential role and complexity of the three UPR branches in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hongyang Quan
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Meng Nie
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yunping Luo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 5 Dong Dan San Tiao, Beijing 100005, China.
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233
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Galkowski D, Ratajczak MZ, Kocki J, Darzynkiewicz Z. Of Cytometry, Stem Cells and Fountain of Youth. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:465-481. [PMID: 28364326 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Outlined are advances of cytometry applications to identify and sort stem cells, of laser scanning cytometry and ImageStream imaging instrumentation to further analyze morphometry of these cells, and of mass cytometry to classify a multitude of cellular markers in large cell populations. Reviewed are different types of stem cells, including potential candidates for cancer stem cells, with respect to their "stemness", and other characteristics. Appraised is further progress in identification and isolation of the "very small embryonic-like stem cells" (VSELs) and their autogenous transplantation for tissue repair and geroprotection. Also assessed is a function of hyaluronic acid, the major stem cells niche component, as a guardian and controller of stem cells. Briefly appraised are recent advances and challenges in the application of stem cells in regenerative medicine and oncology and their future role in different disciplines of medicine, including geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University in Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10095, USA.
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234
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Mikhailova V, Gulaia V, Tiasto V, Rybtsov S, Yatsunskaya M, Kagansky A. Towards an advanced cell-based in vitro glioma model system. AIMS GENETICS 2018; 5:91-112. [PMID: 31435515 PMCID: PMC6698577 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of tumor growth and development in vitro has always been one of the key factors in the research of the malignant transformation, including gliomas, prevalent and most deadly cancers of the brain. Indeed, cellular and molecular biology research employing in vitro model cell-based systems have great potential to advance both the mechanistic understanding and the treatment of human glial tumors, as it facilitates not only the understanding of glioma biology and its regulatory mechanisms Additionally they promise to afford the screening of the putative anti-tumor agents and alternative treatment approaches in a personalized manner, i.e. by virtue of using the patient-derived tumor material for such tests. However, in order to become reliable and representative, glioma model systems need to move towards including most inherent cancer features such as local hypoxia, specific genetic aberrations, native tumor microenvironment, and the three-dimensional extracellular matrix. This review starts with a brief introduction on the general epidemiological and molecular characteristics of gliomas followed by an overview of the cell-based in vitro models currently used in glioma research. As a conclusion, we suggest approaches to move to innovative cell-based in vitro glioma models. We consider that main criteria for selecting these approaches should include the adequate resemblance to the key in vivo characteristics, robustness, cost-effectiveness and ease to use, as well as the amenability to high throughput handling to allow the standardized drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Mikhailova
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Valeriia Gulaia
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Vladlena Tiasto
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Scottish Centre for Regenerative Medicine of the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Yatsunskaya
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS 159, Stoletij Vladivostoku Avenue, 690022, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Keysar SB, Eagles JR, Miller B, Jackson BC, Chowdhury FN, Reisinger J, Chimed TS, Le PN, Morton JJ, Somerset HL, Varella-Garcia M, Tan AC, Song JI, Bowles DW, Reyland ME, Jimeno A. Salivary Gland Cancer Patient-Derived Xenografts Enable Characterization of Cancer Stem Cells and New Gene Events Associated with Tumor Progression. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2935-2943. [PMID: 29555661 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-3871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Salivary gland cancers (SGC) frequently present with distant metastases many years after diagnosis, suggesting a cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulation that initiates late recurrences; however, current models are limited both in their availability and suitability to characterize these rare cells.Experimental Design: Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) were generated by engrafting patient tissue onto nude mice from one acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC), four adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and three mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) cases, which were derived from successive relapses from the same MEC patient. Patient and PDX samples were analyzed by RNA-seq and Exome-seq. Sphere formation potential and in vivo tumorigenicity was assessed by sorting for Aldefluor (ALDH) activity and CD44-expressing subpopulations.Results: For successive MEC relapses we found a time-dependent increase in CSCs (ALDH+CD44high), increasing from 0.2% to 4.5% (P=0.033), but more importantly we observed an increase in individual CSC sphere formation and tumorigenic potential. A 50% increase in mutational burden was documented in subsequent MEC tumors, and this was associated with increased expression of tumor-promoting genes (MT1E, LGR5, and LEF1), decreased expression of tumor-suppressor genes (CDKN2B, SIK1, and TP53), and higher expression of CSC-related proteins such as SOX2, MYC, and ALDH1A1. Finally, genomic analyses identified a novel NFIB-MTFR2 fusion in an ACC tumor and confirmed previously reported fusions (NTRK3-ETV6 and MYB-NFIB)Conclusions: Sequential MEC PDX models preserved key patient features and enabled the identification of genetic events putatively contributing to increases in both CSC proportion and intrinsic tumorigenicity, which mirrored the patient's clinical course. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2935-43. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B Keysar
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Justin R Eagles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Bettina Miller
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Brian C Jackson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Julie Reisinger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Tugs-Saikhan Chimed
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Phuong N Le
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - John J Morton
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | | | - Marileila Varella-Garcia
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Aik-Choon Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - John I Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, UCDSOM, Denver, Colorado
| | - Daniel W Bowles
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado
| | - Mary E Reyland
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver School of Dental Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine (UCDSOM), Denver, Colorado. .,Department of Otolaryngology, UCDSOM, Denver, Colorado.,Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCDSOM, Denver, Colorado
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236
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Wang Y, Jiang M, Du C, Yu Y, Liu Y, Li M, Luo F. Utilization of lung cancer cell lines for the study of lung cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6791-6798. [PMID: 29731860 PMCID: PMC5920960 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most lethal types of cancer, and its poor prognosis is primarily due to drug resistance and cancer recurrence. As it is associated with a low five-year survival rate, lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) have been the subject of numerous recent studies. For these studies of LCSCs, lung cancer cell lines are more commonly used than lung cancer tissues obtained from patients, as they are easier to acquire. The methods utilized for the identification of LCSCs from lung cancer cell lines include fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS), sphere-forming assay and bacterial surface display library screening. As LCSCs have certain proteins expressed on the surface (CD133, CD44 and CD24) or in the cytoplasm (ALDH and ABCG2), which may act as specific markers, the most frequently used technique to identify and obtain LCSCs is FACS. The current lack of recognized biomarkers in LCSCs makes the identification of LCSCs problematic. Furthermore, the various proportions of LCSCs in specific cell lines, as revealed by numerous previous studies, may cause the LCSC model to be questioned with regard to whether the utilization of certain lung cancer cell lines is dependable for LCSC studies. The current review focuses on lung cancer cell lines that are used for the study of LCSCs and the methods available to identify LCSCs with various markers. The present study also aimed to determine the proportion of LCSCs present in specific cell lines reported by various studies, and to discuss the suitability of specific lung cancer cell lines for the study of LCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chi Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.,Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, Sichuan 641000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanyang Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, Lung Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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237
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Zhang JM, Wei K, Jiang M. OCT4 but not SOX2 expression correlates with worse prognosis in surgical patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0844-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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238
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Huang R, Rofstad EK. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), cervical CSCs and targeted therapies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:35351-35367. [PMID: 27343550 PMCID: PMC5471060 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a tumour-initiating capacity and play crucial roles in tumour metastasis, relapse and chemo/radio-resistance. As tumour propagation initiators, CSCs are considered to be promising targets for obtaining a better therapeutic outcome. Cervical carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy and has a high cancer mortality rate among females. As a result, the investigation of cervical cancer stem cells (CCSCs) is of great value. However, the numbers of cancer cells and corresponding CSCs in malignancy are dynamically balanced, and CSCs may reside in the CSC niche, about which little is known to date. Therefore, due to their complicated molecular phenotypes and biological behaviours, it remains challenging to obtain “purified” CSCs and continuously culture CSCs for further in vitro studies without the cells losing their stem properties. At present, CSC-related markers and functional assays are used to purify, identify and therapeutically target CSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, CSC-related markers are not universal to all tumour types, although some markers may be valid in multiple tumour types. Additionally, functional identifications based on CSC-specific properties are usually limited in in vivo studies. Furthermore, an optimal method for identifying potential CCSCs in CCSC studies has not been previously published, and these techniques are currently of great importance. This article updates our knowledge on CSCs and CCSCs, reviews potential stem cell markers and functional assays for identifying CCSCs, and describes the potential of targeting CCSCs in the treatment of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Huang
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar K Rofstad
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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239
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Evaluation of in vitro effects of various targeted drugs on plasma cells and putative neoplastic stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:65627-65642. [PMID: 27582537 PMCID: PMC5323180 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterized by monoclonal paraproteinemia and tissue plasmocytosis. In advanced MM cytopenia and osteopathy may occur. Although several effective treatment strategies have been developed in recent years, there is still a need to identify new drug targets and to develop more effective therapies for patients with advanced MM. We examined the effects of 15 targeted drugs on growth and survival of primary MM cells and 5 MM cell lines (MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U-266). The PI3-kinase blocker BEZ235, the pan-BCL-2 inhibitor obatoclax, the Hsp90-targeting drug 17AAG, and the Polo-like kinase-1 inhibitor BI2536, were found to exert major growth-inhibitory effects in all 5 MM cell lines tested. Moreover, these drugs suppressed the in vitro proliferation of primary bone marrow-derived MM cells and induced apoptosis at pharmacologic drug concentrations. Apoptosis-inducing effects were not only seen in the bulk of MM cells but also in MM stem cell-containing CD138−/CD20+/CD27+ memory B-cell fractions. Synergistic growth-inhibitory effects were observed in MM cell lines using various drug combinations, including 17AAG+BI2536 in MM.1S, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U-266 cells, 17AAG+BEZ235 in MM.1S, OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U-266 cells, 17AAG+obatoclax in MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, and RPMI-8226 cells, BI2536+BEZ235 in MM.1S, NCI-H929, OPM-2, and RPMI-8226 cells, BI2536+obatoclax in MM.1S, OPM-2 and RPMI-8226 cells, and BEZ235+obatoclax in MM.1S and RPMI-8226 cells. Together, our data show that various targeted drugs induce profound and often synergistic anti-neoplastic effects in MM cells which may have clinical implications and may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies in advanced MM.
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240
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Foster BM, Zaidi D, Young TR, Mobley ME, Kerr BA. CD117/c-kit in Cancer Stem Cell-Mediated Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Biomedicines 2018. [PMID: 29518044 PMCID: PMC5874688 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer patient morbidity and mortality, but due to persisting gaps in our knowledge, it remains untreatable. Metastases often occur as patient tumors progress or recur after initial therapy. Tumor recurrence at the primary site may be driven by a cancer stem-like cell or tumor progenitor cell, while recurrence at a secondary site is driven by metastatic cancer stem cells or metastasis-initiating cells. Ongoing efforts are aimed at identifying and characterizing these stem-like cells driving recurrence and metastasis. One potential marker for the cancer stem-like cell subpopulation is CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor associated with cancer progression and normal stem cell maintenance. Further, activation of CD117 by its ligand stem cell factor (SCF; kit ligand) in the progenitor cell niche stimulates several signaling pathways driving proliferation, survival, and migration. This review examines evidence that the SCF/CD117 signaling axis may contribute to the control of cancer progression through the regulation of stemness and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Danish Zaidi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Tyler R Young
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Mary E Mobley
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Bethany A Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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241
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Pancreatic tumor microenvironment confers highly malignant properties on pancreatic cancer cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:2757-2772. [PMID: 29511349 PMCID: PMC5966364 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer progression; however, little is known regarding how differences in the microenvironment affect characteristics of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of tumor microenvironment on cancer cells by using mouse tumor models. After three cycles of inoculation and extraction of human pancreatic cancer cells, including SUIT-2 and Panc-1 cells, from tumors, distinct cancer cell lines were established: 3P cells from the pancreas obtained using the orthotopic tumor model and 3sc cells from subcutaneous tissue obtained using the subcutaneous tumor model. On re-inoculation of these cells, the 3sc cells and, more prominently, the 3P cells, exhibited higher tumorigenic activity than the parental cells. The 3P cells specifically exhibited low E-cadherin expression and high invasiveness, suggesting that they were endowed with the highest malignant characteristics. RNA-sequence analysis demonstrated that distinct signaling pathways were activated in each cell line and that the 3P cells acquired a cancer stem cell-like phenotype. Among cancer stem cell-related genes, those specifically expressed in the 3P cells, including NES, may be potential new targets for cancer therapy. The mechanisms underlying the development of highly malignant cancer cell lines were investigated. Individual cell clones within the parental cells varied in tumor-forming ability, indicating the presence of cellular heterogeneity. Moreover, the tumor-forming ability and the gene expression profile of each cell clone were altered after serial orthotopic inoculations. The present study thus suggests that both selection and education processes by tumor microenvironment are involved in the development of highly malignant cancer cells.
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242
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Zylbersztejn F, Flores-Violante M, Voeltzel T, Nicolini FE, Lefort S, Maguer-Satta V. The BMP pathway: A unique tool to decode the origin and progression of leukemia. Exp Hematol 2018; 61:36-44. [PMID: 29477370 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The microenvironment (niche) governs the fate of stem cells (SCs) by balancing self-renewal and differentiation. Increasing evidence indicates that the tumor niche plays an active role in cancer, but its important properties for tumor initiation progression and resistance remain to be identified. Clinical data show that leukemic stem cell (LSC) survival is responsible for disease persistence and drug resistance, probably due to their sustained interactions with the tumor niche. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is a key pathway controlling stem cells and their niche. BMP2 and BMP4 are important in both the normal and the cancer context. Several studies have revealed profound alterations of the BMP signaling in cancer SCs, with major deregulations of the BMP receptors and their downstream signaling elements. This was illustrated in the hematopoietic system by pioneer studies in chronic myelogenous leukemia that may now be expanded to acute myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia, as reviewed here. At diagnosis, cells from the leukemic microenvironment are the major providers of soluble BMPs. Conversely, LSCs display altered receptors and downstream BMP signaling elements accompanied by altered functional responses to BMPs. These studies reveal the role of BMPs in tumor initiation, in addition to their known effects in later stages of transformation and progression. They also reveal the importance of BMPs in fueling cell transformation and expansion by overamplifying a natural SC response. This mechanism may explain the survival of LSCs independently of the initial oncogenic event and therefore may be involved in resistance processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Zylbersztejn
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Mario Flores-Violante
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Thibault Voeltzel
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Franck-Emmanuel Nicolini
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France; Centre Léon Bérard, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Lefort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Maguer-Satta
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France; Université de Lyon, 69000, Lyon, France; Department of Signaling of Tumor Escape, Lyon, France.
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243
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Phi LTH, Sari IN, Yang YG, Lee SH, Jun N, Kim KS, Lee YK, Kwon HY. Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) in Drug Resistance and their Therapeutic Implications in Cancer Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5416923. [PMID: 29681949 PMCID: PMC5850899 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5416923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are suggested to be responsible for drug resistance and cancer relapse due in part to their ability to self-renew themselves and differentiate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Thus, it is important to understand the characteristics and mechanisms by which CSCs display resistance to therapeutic agents. In this review, we highlight the key features and mechanisms that regulate CSC function in drug resistance as well as recent breakthroughs of therapeutic approaches for targeting CSCs. This promises new insights of CSCs in drug resistance and provides better therapeutic rationales to accompany novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Jun
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
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244
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Olcucuoglu E, Sirin ME, Aydog G, Gazel E, Tastemur S, Odabas O. Relationship between immunohistochemical staining extent of CD47 and histopathologic features of bladder tumor. Cent European J Urol 2018; 70:349-355. [PMID: 29410884 PMCID: PMC5791396 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been shown that CD47 is an important diagnostic and prognostic marker in many cancer types. However, the relationship between CD47 and bladder tumor stage has not been shown in previous studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association of CD47 with stages of bladder cancer. Material and methods Surgical specimens of 175 patients were included in the study. The CD47 staining assessment was performed in the following categories; none, focal, moderate and diffuse. The statistics of the study were tested using t-test and analysis of variance. Results We demonstrated much less CD47 staining extent in Ta tumor pathology compared to T1 and T1+T2+T3+T4 tumor pathology (p = 0.034 and p = 0.016, respectively). We also showed that the average value of CD47 staining extent with CIS+ was significantly higher compared to CIS- among NMIBC (p = 0.0248). However, no significant differences in CD47 staining pattern were observed in the following study groups: high vs. low-grade tumors in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); MIBC (T2-T4) vs. NMIBC; lymph node involvement (N1-N3) vs. non-lymph node involvement (N0) in MIBC (T2-T4). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that CD47 might have a critical role in the progression of Ta to T1 stage. Furthermore, we showed that CD47 is highly expressed in CIS+ NMIBC compared to CIS- NMIBC. Thus, differentiating stages with the help of this new potential marker may help clinicians treat bladder tumors better. Future studies to determine the role of CD47 on pathophysiology, diagnosis and prognosis of bladder tumor are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Olcucuoglu
- Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emin Sirin
- Ahi Evran University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | - Gulden Aydog
- Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eymen Gazel
- Konya Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sedat Tastemur
- Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oner Odabas
- Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Department of Urology, Ankara, Turkey
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245
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Miyauchi M, Koya J, Arai S, Yamazaki S, Honda A, Kataoka K, Yoshimi A, Taoka K, Kumano K, Kurokawa M. ADAM8 Is an Antigen of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells Identified by Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:1115-1130. [PMID: 29429960 PMCID: PMC5919294 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Properties of cancer stem cells involved in drug resistance and relapse have significant effects on clinical outcome. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), TKIs have not fully cured CML due to TKI-resistant CML stem cells. Moreover, relapse after discontinuation of TKIs has not been predicted in CML patients with the best TKI response. In our study, a model of CML stem cells derived from CML induced pluripotent stem cells identified ADAM8 as an antigen of TKI-resistant CML cells. The inhibition of expression or metalloproteinase activity of ADAM8 restored TKI sensitivity in primary samples. In addition, residual CML cells in patients with optimal TKI response were concentrated in the ADAM8+ population. Our study demonstrates that ADAM8 is a marker of residual CML cells even in patients with optimal TKI response and would be a predictor of relapse and a therapeutic target of TKI-resistant CML cells. We established a model of CML stem cells derived from CML-iPSCs ADAM8 is identified as an antigen of TKI-resistant CML cells The inhibition of ADAM8 restored TKI sensitivity in primary samples ADAM8 is a marker of residual CML cells in patients with optimal TKI response
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Miyauchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Junji Koya
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shunya Arai
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Sho Yamazaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kataoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Akihide Yoshimi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuki Taoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Keiki Kumano
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mineo Kurokawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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246
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ΔNp63 drives metastasis in breast cancer cells via PI3K/CD44v6 axis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54157-54173. [PMID: 27494839 PMCID: PMC5342332 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
P63 is a transcription factor belonging to the family of p53, essential for the development and differentiation of epithelia. In recent years, it has become clear that altered expression of the different isoforms of this gene can play an important role in carcinogenesis. The p63 gene encodes for two main isoforms known as TA and ΔN p63 with different functions. The role of these different isoforms in sustaining tumor progression and metastatic spreading however has not entirely been clarified. Here we show that breast cancer initiating cells express ΔNp63 isoform that supports a more mesenchymal phenotype associated with a higher tumorigenic and metastatic potential. On the contrary, the majority of cells within the tumor appears to express predominantly TAp63 isoform. While ΔNp63 exerts its effects by regulating a PI3K/CD44v6 pathway, TAp63 modulates this pathway in an opposite fashion. As a result, tumorigenicity and invasive capacity of breast cancer cells is a balance of the two isoforms. Finally, we found that tumor microenvironmental cytokines significantly contribute to the establishment of breast cancer cell phenotype by positively regulating ΔNp63 and CD44v6 expression.
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247
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Zhao Q, Zhou H, Liu Q, Cao Y, Wang G, Hu A, Ruan L, Wang S, Bo Q, Chen W, Hu C, Xu D, Tao F, Cao J, Ge Y, Yu Z, Li L, Wang H. Prognostic value of the expression of cancer stem cell-related markers CD133 and CD44 in hepatocellular carcinoma: From patients to patient-derived tumor xenograft models. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47431-47443. [PMID: 27329727 PMCID: PMC5216952 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers is related to poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the expression of these markers in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models and the relationship of the expression levels of these markers between HCC patients and their PDX models at subsequent low passages are unclear. To investigate the prognostic impact of putative CSC markers in patients with HCC and in related PDX models, the expression of CD133, CD90, CD44, ALDH1, CK7, CK19, OCT4, SOX2, vimentin, nestin, CD13 and EpCam were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and then were validated using immunohistochemistry in tumor or peritumoral tissues from patients and tumor tissues from PDX models. Cumulative survival analysis of the patients and animals was conducted using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Only the expression levels of CD133 and CD44 were higher in tumor tissues than in the peritumoral tissues of HCC patients by qRT-PCR. High consistency of the prognostic value of the expression of CD133/CD44 was observed in HCC patients and the PDX models. High expression levels of CD133 and CD44 were positively related to the poor prognosis of HCC patients and to that in the PDX models. PDX HCC models in the present study have been suggested to be predictive of disease outcome, which could shed light on personalized medicine and the mechanisms of CSC marker expression on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qifei Liu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anla Hu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Ruan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingli Bo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuanlai Hu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dexiang Xu
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongsheng Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zongfan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Institute for Liver Disease, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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248
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Mutant p53 gain of function underlies high expression levels of colorectal cancer stem cells markers. Oncogene 2018; 37:1669-1684. [PMID: 29343849 PMCID: PMC6448595 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0060-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging notion in carcinogenesis ascribes tumor initiation and aggressiveness to cancer stem cells (CSCs). Specifically, colorectal cancer (CRC) development was shown to be compatible with CSCs hypothesis. Mutations in p53 are highly frequent in CRC, and are known to facilitate tumor development and aggressiveness. Yet, the fink between mutant p53 and colorectal CSCs is not well-established. In the present study, we set to examine whether oncogenic mutant p53 proteins may augment colorectal CSCs phenotype. By genetic manipulation of mutant p53 in several cellular systems, we demonstrated that mutant p53 enhances colorectal tumorigenesis. Moreover, mutant p53-expressing cell lines harbor larger sub-populationss of cells highly expressing the known colorectal CSCs markers: CD44, Lgr5, and ALDH. This elevated expression is mediated by mutant p53 binding to CD44, Lgr5, and ALDH1A1 promoter sequences. Furthermore, ALDH1 was found to be involved in mutant p53-dependent chemotherapy resistance. Finally, analysis of ALDH1 and CD44 in human CRC biopsies indicated a positive correlation between their expression and the presence of oncogenic p53 missense mutations. These findings suggest novel insights pertaining the mechanism by which mutant p53 enhances CRC development, which involves the expansion of CSCs sub-populations within CRC tumors, and underscore the importance of targeting these sub-populations for CRC therapy.
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249
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Yang Z, Xie H, He D, Li L. Infiltrating macrophages increase RCC epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem cell-like populations via AKT and mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44478-44491. [PMID: 27283897 PMCID: PMC5190112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Infiltrating macrophages are a key component of inflammation during tumorigenesis and progression. However, the role of macrophages in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), especially in the stage of RCC malignant progression, is still unclear. Here, we found the macrophages could be recruited more easily into RCC tissues than the surrounding non-tumor tissues. In vitro co-culture system also confirmed RCC cells had a better capacity to recruit macrophages via CXCL8 signaling than normal renal epithelial cells. The consequences of recruiting more macrophages may then increase RCC cells invasion abilities. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating macrophages could function through induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased cancer stem cell-like populations via activation of AKT/mTOR signal, and then led to increasing RCC cells invasion. The orthotopically xenografted mouse model with RCC cells and macrophages also confirmed that infiltrating macrophages could increase RCC cells progression via AKT/mTOR signal. Together, our results reveal a new mechanism that macrophages in the RCC tumor microenvironment could increase RCC metastasis via activation of the AKT/mTOR signals. Targeting this newly identified signaling may help us to better inhibit RCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Yang
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hongjun Xie
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dalin He
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Lei Li
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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250
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Rouhrazi H, Turgan N, Oktem G. Zoledronic acid overcomes chemoresistance by sensitizing cancer stem cells to apoptosis. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:77-88. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1387286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Rouhrazi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ege University Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir
| | - N Turgan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Near East University Faculty of Medicine, Nicosia
| | - G Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Bornova, Izmir
- Department of Stem Cell, Ege University Institute of Health Sciences, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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