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Poliakova T, Wellington CL. Roles of peripheral lipoproteins and cholesteryl ester transfer protein in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:86. [PMID: 37974180 PMCID: PMC10652636 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review focuses on the role of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and peripheral lipoproteins in the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Humans have a peripheral lipoprotein profile where low-density lipoproteins (LDL) represent the dominant lipoprotein fraction and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) represent a minor lipoprotein fraction. Elevated LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are well-established to cause cardiovascular disease and several LDL-C-lowering therapies are clinically available to manage this vascular risk factor. The efficacy of LDL-C-lowering therapies to reduce risk of all-cause dementia and AD is now important to address as recent studies demonstrate a role for LDL in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as well as in all-cause dementia. The LDL:HDL ratio in humans is set mainly by CETP activity, which exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Genetic and pharmacological studies support the hypothesis that CETP inhibition reduces cardiovascular risk by lowering LDL, which, by extension, may also lower VCID. Unlike humans, wild-type mice do not express catalytically active CETP and have HDL as their major lipoprotein fraction. As HDL has potent beneficial effects on endothelial cells, the naturally high HDL levels in mice protect them from vascular disorders, likely including VCID. Genetic restoration of CETP expression in mice to generate a more human-like lipid profile may increase the relevance of murine models for VCID studies. The therapeutic potential of existing and emerging LDL-lowering therapies for VCID will be discussed. Figure Legend. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein in Alzheimer's Disease. CETP is mainly produced by the liver, and exchanges cholesteryl esters for triglycerides across lipoprotein fractions to raise circulating LDL and lower HDL as CETP activity increases. Low CETP activity is associated with better cardiovascular health, due to decreased LDL and increased HDL, which may also improve brain health. Although most peripheral lipoproteins cannot enter the brain parenchyma due to the BBB, it is increasingly appreciated that direct access to the vascular endothelium may enable peripheral lipoproteins to have indirect effects on brain health. Thus, lipoproteins may affect the cerebrovasculature from both sides of the BBB. Recent studies show an association between elevated plasma LDL, a well-known cardiovascular risk factor, and a higher risk of AD, and considerable evidence suggests that high HDL levels are associated with reduced CAA and lower neuroinflammation. Considering the potential detrimental role of LDL in AD and the importance of HDL's beneficial effects on endothelial cells, high CETP activity may lead to compromised BBB integrity, increased CAA deposits and greater neuroinflammation. Abbreviations: CETP - cholesteryl transfer ester protein; LDL - low-density lipoproteins; HDL - high-density lipoproteins; BBB - blood-brain barrier; CAA - cerebral amyloid angiopathy, SMC - smooth muscle cells, PVM - perivascular macrophages, RBC - red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Poliakova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 2215 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafagian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- International Collaboration On Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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2
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Milman S, Barzilai N. Discovering Biological Mechanisms of Exceptional Human Health Span and Life Span. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041204. [PMID: 37137499 PMCID: PMC10513160 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans age at different rates and families with exceptional longevity provide an opportunity to understand why some people age slower than others. Unique features exhibited by centenarians include a family history of extended life span, compression of morbidity with resultant extension of health span, and longevity-associated biomarker profiles. These biomarkers, including low-circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels, are associated with functional genotypes that are enriched in centenarians, suggesting that they may be causative for longevity. While not all genetic discoveries from centenarians have been validated, in part due to exceptional life span being a rare phenotype in the general population, the APOE2 and FOXO3a genotypes have been confirmed in a number of populations with exceptional longevity. However, life span is now recognized as a complex trait and genetic research methods to study longevity are rapidly extending beyond classical Mendelian genetics to polygenic inheritance methodologies. Moreover, newer approaches are suggesting that pathways that have been recognized for decades to control life span in animals may also regulate life span in humans. These discoveries led to strategic development of therapeutics that may delay aging and prolong health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Milman
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Institute for Aging Research, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Endocrinology and Geriatrics, Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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3
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Martinez AE, Weissberger G, Kuklenyik Z, He X, Meuret C, Parekh T, Rees JC, Parks BA, Gardner MS, King SM, Collier TS, Harrington MG, Sweeney MD, Wang X, Zlokovic BV, Joe E, Nation DA, Schneider LS, Chui HC, Barr JR, Han SD, Krauss RM, Yassine HN. The small HDL particle hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:391-404. [PMID: 35416404 PMCID: PMC10563117 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose the hypothesis that small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of their capacity to exchange lipids, affecting neuronal membrane composition and vascular and synaptic functions. Concentrations of small HDLs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were measured in 180 individuals ≥60 years of age using ion mobility methodology. Small HDL concentrations in CSF were positively associated with performance in three domains of cognitive function independent of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status, age, sex, and years of education. Moreover, there was a significant correlation between levels of small HDLs in CSF and plasma. Further studies will be aimed at determining whether specific components of small HDL exchange across the blood, brain, and CSF barriers, and developing approaches to exploit small HDLs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Martinez
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gali Weissberger
- The Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xulei He
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Trusha Parekh
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jon C. Rees
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bryan A. Parks
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael S. Gardner
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah M. King
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Michael G. Harrington
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie D. Sweeney
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Berislav V. Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Joe
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel A. Nation
- Irvine, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lon S. Schneider
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Helena C. Chui
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John R. Barr
- Clinical Chemistry Branch, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S. Duke Han
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hussein N. Yassine
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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4
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The Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) raises Cholesterol Levels in the Brain. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100260. [PMID: 35921880 PMCID: PMC9464954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a lipid transfer protein responsible for the exchange of cholesteryl esters and triglycerides between lipoproteins. Decreased CETP activity is associated with longevity, cardiovascular health, and maintenance of good cognitive performance. Interestingly, mice lack the CETP-encoding gene and have very low levels of LDL particles compared with humans. Currently, the molecular mechanisms induced because of CETP activity are not clear. To understand how CETP activity affects the brain, we utilized CETP transgenic (CETPtg) mice that show elevated LDL levels upon induction of CETP expression through a high-cholesterol diet. CETPtg mice on a high-cholesterol diet showed up to 22% higher cholesterol levels in the brain. Using a microarray on mostly astrocyte-derived mRNA, we found that this cholesterol increase is likely not because of elevated de novo synthesis of cholesterol. However, cholesterol efflux is decreased in CETPtg mice along with an upregulation of the complement factor C1Q, which plays a role in neuronal cholesterol clearance. Our data suggest that CETP activity affects brain health through modulating cholesterol distribution and clearance. Therefore, we propose that CETPtg mice constitute a valuable research tool to investigate the impact of cholesterol metabolism on brain function.
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Emerging role of HDL in brain cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159123. [PMID: 35151900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS), by carrying newly synthesized cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons, to support their lipid-related physiological functions. As occurs for plasma HDLs, brain lipoproteins are assembled through the activity of membrane cholesterol transporters, undergo remodeling mediated by specific enzymes and transport proteins, and finally deliver cholesterol to neurons by a receptor-mediated internalization process. A growing number of evidences indicates a strong association between alterations of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a possible role in this relationship may be played by defects in brain HDL metabolism. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on major modifications of HDL and HDL-mediated brain cholesterol transport in AD, by taking into consideration the individual steps of this process. We also describe potential and encouraging HDL-based therapies that could represent new therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Finally, we revise the main plasma and brain HDL modifications in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
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Ryu S, Han J, Norden‐Krichmar TM, Zhang Q, Lee S, Zhang Z, Atzmon G, Niedernhofer LJ, Robbins PD, Barzilai N, Schork NJ, Suh Y. Genetic signature of human longevity in PKC and NF-κB signaling. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13362. [PMID: 34197020 PMCID: PMC8282271 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene variants associated with longevity are also associated with protection against cognitive decline, dementia and Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that common physiologic pathways act at the interface of longevity and cognitive function. To test the hypothesis that variants in genes implicated in cognitive function may promote exceptional longevity, we performed a comprehensive 3‐stage study to identify functional longevity‐associated variants in ~700 candidate genes in up to 450 centenarians and 500 controls by target capture sequencing analysis. We found an enrichment of longevity‐associated genes in the nPKC and NF‐κB signaling pathways by gene‐based association analyses. Functional analysis of the top three gene variants (NFKBIA, CLU, PRKCH) suggests that non‐coding variants modulate the expression of cognate genes, thereby reducing signaling through the nPKC and NF‐κB. This matches genetic studies in multiple model organisms, suggesting that the evolutionary conservation of reduced PKC and NF‐κB signaling pathways in exceptional longevity may include humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjin Ryu
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Jeehae Han
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | | | - Quanwei Zhang
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Seunggeun Lee
- Department of Biostatistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Haifa Haifa Israel
| | - Laura J. Niedernhofer
- Insitute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Paul D. Robbins
- Insitute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla CA USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla CA USA
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx NY USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Genetics and Development Columbia University New York NY USA
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7
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Perales-Puchalt J, Gauthreaux K, Shaw A, McGee JL, Teylan MA, Chan KCG, Rascovsky K, Kukull WA, Vidoni ED. Risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults in the United States by ethnoracial group. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:51-62. [PMID: 31948505 PMCID: PMC7365740 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a wide range of ethnoracial groups in the US. DESIGN Non-probabilistic longitudinal clinical research. SETTING Participants enrolling into the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Unified Data Set recruited via multiple approaches including clinician referral, self-referral by patients or family members, or active recruitment through community organizations. PARTICIPANTS Cognitively normal individuals 55 and older at the initial visit, who reported race and ethnicity information, with at least two visits between September 2005 and November 2018. MEASUREMENTS Ethnoracial information was self-reported and grouped into non-Latino Whites, Asian Americans, Native Americans, African Americans (AAs), and individuals simultaneously identifying as AAs and another minority race (AA+), as well as Latinos of Caribbean, Mexican, and Central/South American origin. MCI was evaluated clinically following standard criteria. Four competing risk analysis models were used to calculate MCI risk adjusting for risk of death, including an unadjusted model, and models adjusting for non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. RESULTS After controlling for sex and age at initial visit, subhazard ratios of MCI were statistically higher than non-Latino Whites among Native Americans (1.73), Caribbean Latinos (1.80), and Central/South American Latinos (1.55). Subhazard ratios were higher among AA+ compared to non-Latino Whites only in the model controlling for all risk factors (1.40). CONCLUSION Compared to non-Latino Whites, MCI risk was higher among Caribbean and South/Central American Latinos as well as Native Americans and AA+. The factors explaining the differential MCI risk among ethnoracial groups are not clear and warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Gauthreaux
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, MS6002, Fairway, KS66205, USA
| | - Jerrihlyn L McGee
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, MS 4043, Kansas City, KS66160, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Kwun C G Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, MS6002, Fairway, KS66205, USA
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8
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Ho WM, Wu YY, Chen YC. Genetic Variants behind Cardiovascular Diseases and Dementia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121514. [PMID: 33352859 PMCID: PMC7766236 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and dementia are the leading causes of disability and mortality. Genetic connections between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia have not been elucidated. We conducted a scoping review and pathway analysis to reveal the genetic associations underlying both CVDs and dementia. In the PubMed database, literature was searched using keywords associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and covert infarctions. Gene lists were extracted from these publications to identify shared genes and pathways for each group. This included high penetrance genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome wide association studies. Most risk SNPs to both diabetes and dementia participate in the phospholipase C enzyme system and the downstream nositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol activities. Interestingly, AP-2 (TFAP2) transcription factor family and metabolism of vitamins and cofactors were associated with genetic variants that were shared by white matter hyperintensities and dementia, and by microbleeds and dementia. Variants shared by covert infarctions and dementia were related to VEGF ligand-receptor interactions and anti-inflammatory cytokine pathways. Our review sheds light on future investigations into the causative relationships behind CVDs and dementia, and can be a paradigm of the identification of dementia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ho
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yah-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8433)
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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10
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Kang K, Sun X, Wang L, Yao X, Tang S, Deng J, Wu X, Yang C, Chen G. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in China and its role in GWAS discovery and replication. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Jónás D, Sándor S, Tátrai K, Egyed B, Kubinyi E. A Preliminary Study to Investigate the Genetic Background of Longevity Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Data of Two Methuselah Dogs. Front Genet 2020; 11:315. [PMID: 32373156 PMCID: PMC7176982 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor in many diseases and mortality alike. As the elderly population is expected to increase at an accelerating rate in the future, these phenomena will pose a growing socio-economic burden on societies. To successfully cope with this challenge, a deeper understanding of aging is crucial. In many aspects, the companion dog is an increasingly popular model organism to study aging, with the promise of producing results that are more applicable to humans than the findings that come from the studies of classical model organisms. In this preliminary study we used the whole-genome sequence of two extremely old dogs - age: 22 and 27 years (or 90-135% more, than the average lifespan of dogs) - in order to make the first steps to understand the genetic background of extreme longevity in dogs. We identified more than ∼80 1000 novel SNPs in the two dogs (7500 of which overlapped between them) when compared to three publicly available canine SNP databases, which included SNP information from850 dogs. Most novel mutations (∼52000 SNPs) were identified at non-coding regions, while 4.6% of the remaining SNPs (n∼1600) were at exons, including 670 missense variants - 76 of which overlapped between the two animals - across 472 genes. Based on their gene ontologies, these genes were related - among others - to gene transcription/translation and its regulation, to immune response and the nervous system in general. We also detected 12 loss-of-function mutations, although their actual effect is unclear. Several genetic pathways were also identified, which pathways may be tempting candidates to be investigated in large sample sizes in order to confirm their relevance in extreme longevity in dogs (and possibly, in humans). We hypothesize a possible link between extreme longevity and the regulation of gene transcription/translation, which hypothesis should be further investigated in the future. This phenomenon could define an interesting direction for future research aiming to better understand longevity. The presented preliminary results highlight the utility of the companion dog in the study of the genetic background of longevity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Jónás
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Sándor
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kitti Tátrai
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikö Kubinyi
- Department of Ethology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Pichiah PBT, Sankarganesh D, Arunachalam S, Achiraman S. Adipose-Derived Molecules-Untouched Horizons in Alzheimer's Disease Biology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32116650 PMCID: PMC7032035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise with the increase in obesity and metabolic disease epidemic. Obesity is co-morbid with the increase in mass of adipose tissue, which secretes numerous molecules that are biologically important. Obesity and its associated conditions are perhaps involved in the causative pathway of AD. Immunologically important cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18, which are released by adipose tissue, are also found to be associated with AD. Besides, the expression of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNF alpha are also associated with AD. Ang-I and Ang-II are found to mediate the progression of AD. Complement factors B, C4b, and H are differentially expressed in AD. Overall, several adipocyte-derived cytokines are found to be dysregulated in AD, and their role in AD remains to be studied. The induction of autophagy is a very promising strategy in the treatment of AD. A variety of adipose-derived molecules have been shown to modulate autophagy. However, very little literature is available on the role of adipose-derived molecules in inducing autophagy in microglial cells of AD. Understanding the role of adipose-derived molecules in the development of AD, especially in the induction of autophagy, would open up new avenues in devising strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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13
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Tabikhanova LE, Osipova LP, Voronina EN, Bragin AO, Filipenko ML. Polymorphism of lipid exchange genes in some populations of South and East Siberia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2020. [DOI: 10.18699/vj19.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. E. Tabikhanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | - L. P. Osipova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | - E. N. Voronina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
| | | | - M. L. Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS; Novosibirsk State University
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Bahrami A, Barreto GE, Lombardi G, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Emerging roles for high-density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders. Biofactors 2019; 45:725-739. [PMID: 31301192 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are the complexes of different lipids and proteins, which are devoted to the transport and clearance of lipids or lipid-related molecules in the circulation. Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain function and may influence myelination process. Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major protein component, apoA-I, are directly involved in cholesterol efflux in the brain. It has been suggested that inadequate or dysfunctional brain HDLs may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunctions, neurodegeneration, or neurovascular instability. HDL deficiency could also promote cognitive decline through impacting on atherosclerotic risk. The focus of this review is to discuss knowledge on HDL dysregulation in neurological disorders. A better understanding on how changes in cellular HDL and apolipoprotein homeostasis affect central nervous system function may provide promising novel avenues for the treatment of specific HDL-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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15
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Sidaraite A, Liutkeviciene R, Glebauskiene B, Vilkeviciute A, Kriauciuniene L. Associations of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene variants with pituitary adenoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 164:189-195. [PMID: 31012439 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim was to evaluate the association of CETP (rs5882 and rs708272) single nucleotide polymorphisms with the presence, invasiveness, hormonal activity and recurrence of pituitary adenoma (PA). METHODS The study group included 142 patients with PA and the control group, 753 healthy subjects. The genotyping of CETP (rs5882 and rs708272) was performed using a real-time PCR method. RESULTS After statistical analysis we found that CETP rs708272 genotype G/A under the over-dominant model was associated with the decreased odds of PA (OR=0.637; 95%CI: 0.443-0.917; P=0.015), active PA (OR=0.538; 95%CI: 0.335-0.865; P =0.01) and non-recurrent PA (OR=0.602; 95% CI: 0.402 - 0.902; P =0.014). When compared to controls, the rs708272 genotype G/A was less frequent in the active PA subgroup (37.5% vs 52.7%, P =0.009) and the non-recurrent PA subgroup (40.2% vs 52.7%, P=0.013), while the rs5882 genotype A/A was less frequent in the non-recurrent PA subgroup (37.5% vs 46.2%, P=0.015). CONCLUSION Our study showed that CETP rs708272 genotype G/A may be associated with a decreased risk of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Sidaraite
- Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Liutkeviciene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Glebauskiene
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Alvita Vilkeviciute
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loresa Kriauciuniene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Ezzati A, Katz MJ, Derby CA, Zimmerman ME, Lipton RB. Depressive Symptoms Predict Incident Dementia in a Community Sample of Older Adults: Results From the Einstein Aging Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2019; 32:891988718824036. [PMID: 30630387 PMCID: PMC7201340 DOI: 10.1177/0891988718824036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that depressive symptoms are associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. In current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on incident Alzheimer disease and all-cause dementia in a community sample of older adults. METHODS: Participants were 1219 older adults from the Einstein Aging Study, a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults in Bronx County, New York. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS, 15-item) was used as a measure of depressive symptoms. The primary outcome was incident dementia diagnosed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fourth Edition, criteria. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the risk of incident dementia as a function of GDS score for the whole population and also for 2 different time intervals, <3 years and ≥3 years after baseline assessment. RESULTS: Among participants, 132 individuals developed dementia over an average 4.5 years (standard deviation [SD] = 3.5) of follow-up. Participants had an average age of 78.3 (SD = 5.4) at baseline, and 62% were women. Among all participants, after controlling for demographic variables and medical comorbidities, a 1-point increase in GDS was associated with higher incidence of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.11, P = .007). After up to 3 years of follow-up, depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with dementia incidence (HR = 1.09; P = .070). However, after more than 3 years, GDS score was a significant predictor of incident dementia (HR = 1.13, P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of incident dementia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ezzati
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carol A. Derby
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Molly E. Zimmerman
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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17
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Ezzati A, Wang C, Katz MJ, Derby CA, Zammit AR, Zimmerman ME, Pavlovic JM, Sliwinski MJ, Lipton RB. The Temporal Relationship between Pain Intensity and Pain Interference and Incident Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:109-115. [PMID: 30543173 PMCID: PMC6484854 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666181212162424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is common among older adults and is associated with cognitive dysfunction based on cross-sectional studies. However, the longitudinal association between chronic pain and incident dementia in community-based samples is unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the association of pain intensity and pain interference with incident dementia in a community-based sample of older adults. METHODS Participants were 1,114 individuals 70 years of age or older from Einstein Aging Study (EAS), a longitudinal cohort study of community-dwelling older adults in the Bronx County, NY. The primary outcome measure was incident dementia, diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria. Pain intensity and interference in the month prior to first annual visit were measured using items from the SF-36 questionnaire. Pain intensity and pain interference were assessed as predictors of time to incident dementia using Cox proportionate hazards models while controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Among participants, 114 individuals developed dementia over an average 4.4 years (SD=3.1) of follow-up. Models showed that pain intensity had no significant effect on time to developing dementia, whereas higher levels of pain interference were associated with a higher risk of dementia. In the model that included both pain intensity and interference as predictors of incident dementia, pain interference had a significant effect on incident dementia, and pain intensity remained non-significant. CONCLUSION As a potential remediable risk factor, the mechanisms linking pain interference to cognitive decline merit further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ezzati
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Mindy J. Katz
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Carol A. Derby
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrea R. Zammit
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Molly E. Zimmerman
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY10604, USA
| | - Jelena M. Pavlovic
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
| | - Martin J. Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Richard B. Lipton
- Saul B. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10467, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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18
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Eurelings LS, van Dalen JW, Ter Riet G, Moll van Charante EP, Richard E, van Gool WA, Almeida OP, Alexandre TS, Baune BT, Bickel H, Cacciatore F, Cooper C, de Craen TA, Degryse JM, Di Bari M, Duarte YA, Feng L, Ferrara N, Flicker L, Gallucci M, Guaita A, Harrison SL, Katz MJ, Lebrão ML, Leung J, Lipton RB, Mengoni M, Ng TP, Østbye T, Panza F, Polito L, Sander D, Solfrizzi V, Syddall HE, van der Mast RC, Vaes B, Woo J, Yaffe K. Apathy and depressive symptoms in older people and incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:363-379. [PMID: 29670402 PMCID: PMC5894652 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s150915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous findings suggest that apathy symptoms independently of depressive symptoms measured using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in older individuals. Aims To study whether apathy and depressive symptoms in older people are associated with future CVD, stroke, and mortality using individual patient-data meta-analysis. Methods Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo databases up to September 3, 2013, were systematically searched without language restrictions. We sought prospective studies with older (mean age ≥65 years) community-dwelling populations in which the GDS was employed and subsequent stroke and/or CVD were recorded to provide individual participant data. Apathy symptoms were defined as the three apathy-related subitems of the GDS, with depressive symptoms the remaining items. We used myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all-cause mortality as main outcomes. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and MI/stroke history. An adaptation of the Newcastle–Ottawa scale was used to evaluate bias. Hazard ratios were calculated using one-stage random-effect Cox regression models. Results Of the 52 eligible studies, 21 (40.4%) were included, comprising 47,625 older people (mean age [standard deviation] 74 [7.4] years), over a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Participants with apathy symptoms had a 21% higher risk of MI (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.36), a 37% higher risk of stroke (95% CI 1.18–1.59), and a 47% higher risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI 1.38–1.56). Participants with depressive symptoms had a comparably higher risk of stroke (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.18–1.56) and all-cause mortality (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.35–1.53), but not of MI (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91–1.29). Associations for isolated apathy and isolated depressive symptoms were comparable. Sensitivity analyses according to risk of bias yielded similar results. Conclusion Our findings stress the clinical importance of recognizing apathy independently of depressive symptoms, and could help physicians identify persons at increased risk of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Sm Eurelings
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Willem van Dalen
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerben Ter Riet
- Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P Moll van Charante
- Department of General Practice, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edo Richard
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Willem A van Gool
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tiago S Alexandre
- Department of Gerontology, Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Horst Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Francesco Cacciatore
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ton Ajm de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie Degryse
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Santé et Société, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mauro Di Bari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Aging, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Yeda A Duarte
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Health Sciences and System Research, Duke NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicola Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Scientific Institute of Telese Terme, Telese Terme, Italy
| | - Leon Flicker
- Centre Medical Research, Western Australian Centre for Health & Ageing, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.,School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Maurizio Gallucci
- Cognitive Impairment Center, Health District of Treviso, Local Health Authority 9 of Treviso, Treviso, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Geriatric Research Foundation, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Stephanie L Harrison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mindy J Katz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria L Lebrão
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jason Leung
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Mengoni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Research Unit of Medicine of Aging, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truls Østbye
- Center for Aging Research and Education, Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Francesco Panza
- Department of Basic Medicine, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, Neurodegenerative Disease Unit, Pia Fondazione Cardinale G Panico, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Tricase, Italy
| | | | - Dirk Sander
- Department of Neurology, Benedictus Krankenhaus Tutzing, Technische Universität München, Tutzing, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Geriatric Medicine and Memory Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Holly E Syddall
- Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Roos C van der Mast
- Department of Psychiatry, Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bert Vaes
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Santé et Société, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Maletta R, Smirne N, Bernardi L, Anfossi M, Gallo M, Conidi ME, Colao R, Puccio G, Curcio SA, Laganà V, Frangipane F, Cupidi C, Mirabelli M, Vasso F, Torchia G, Muraca MG, Di Lorenzo R, Rose G, Montesanto A, Passarino G, Bruni AC. Frequency of Cardiovascular Genetic Risk Factors in a Calabrian Population and Their Effects on Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 61:1179-1187. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Livia Bernardi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Maria Anfossi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Maura Gallo
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Colao
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Cupidi
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Maria Mirabelli
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Franca Vasso
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Giusi Torchia
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | - Maria G. Muraca
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Rose
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Alberto Montesanto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Amalia C. Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Centre ASP-CZ, Lamezia Terme (CZ), Italy
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20
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Oliveira FFD, Chen ES, Smith MC, Bertolucci PH. Associations of cerebrovascular metabolism genotypes with neuropsychiatric symptoms and age at onset of Alzheimer's disease dementia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:95-103. [PMID: 28099631 PMCID: PMC7111454 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study associations of cerebrovascular metabolism genotypes and haplotypes with age at Alzheimer’s disease dementia (AD) onset and with neuropsychiatric symptoms according to each dementia stage. Methods: Consecutive outpatients with late-onset AD were assessed for age at dementia onset and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scores according to Clinical Dementia Rating scores, apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) haplotypes, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) variants rs1800764 and rs4291, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol receptor gene (LDLR) variants rs11669576 and rs5930, cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) variants I422V and TaqIB, and liver X receptor beta gene (NR1H2) polymorphism rs2695121. Results: Considering 201 patients, only APOE-ɛ4 carriers had earlier dementia onset in multiple correlations, as well as less apathy, more delusions, and more aberrant motor behavior. Both ACE polymorphisms were associated with less intense frontally mediated behaviors. Regarding LDLR variants, carriers of the A allele of rs11669576 had less anxiety and more aberrant motor behavior, whereas carriers of the A allele of rs5930 had less delusions, less anxiety, more apathy, and more irritability. CETP variants that included G alleles of I422V and TaqIB were mostly associated with less intense frontally mediated behaviors, while severely impaired carriers of the T allele of rs2695121 had more anxiety and more aberrant motor behavior. Conclusion: Though only APOE haplotypes affected AD onset, cerebrovascular metabolism genotypes were associated with differences in several neuropsychiatric manifestations of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabricio F de Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S Chen
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, EPM, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia C Smith
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, EPM, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Bertolucci
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Michel JJ, Griffin P, Vallejo AN. Functionally Diverse NK-Like T Cells Are Effectors and Predictors of Successful Aging. Front Immunol 2016; 7:530. [PMID: 27933066 PMCID: PMC5121286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental challenge of aging and long-term survivorship is maintenance of functional independence and compression of morbidity despite a life history of disease. Inasmuch as immunity is a determinant of individual health and fitness, unraveling novel mechanisms of immune homeostasis in late life is of paramount interest. Comparative studies of young and old persons have documented age-related atrophy of the thymus, the contraction of diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, and the intrinsic inefficiency of classical TCR signaling in aged T cells. However, the elderly have highly heterogeneous health phenotypes. Studies of defined populations of persons aged 75 and older have led to the recognition of successful aging, a distinct physiologic construct characterized by high physical and cognitive functioning without measurable disability. Significantly, successful agers have a unique T cell repertoire; namely, the dominance of highly oligoclonal αβT cells expressing a diverse array of receptors normally expressed by NK cells. Despite their properties of cell senescence, these unusual NK-like T cells are functionally active effectors that do not require engagement of their clonotypic TCR. Thus, NK-like T cells represent a beneficial remodeling of the immune repertoire with advancing age, consistent with the concept of immune plasticity. Significantly, certain subsets are predictors of physical/cognitive performance among older adults. Further understanding of the roles of these NK-like T cells to host defense, and how they integrate with other physiologic domains of function are new frontiers for investigation in Aging Biology. Such pursuits will require a research paradigm shift from the usual young-versus-old comparison to the analysis of defined elderly populations. These endeavors may also pave way to age-appropriate, group-targeted immune interventions for the growing elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Michel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Griffin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Claude Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race/ethnic populations. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 13:72-83. [PMID: 27599209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify incidence and prevalence of dementia in racial and ethnic populations in the United States. METHODS A systematic review of literature. RESULTS A total of 1215 studies were reviewed; 114 were included. Dementia prevalence rates reported for age 65+ years from a low of 6.3% in Japanese Americans, 12.9% in Caribbean Hispanic Americans, 12.2% in Guamanian Chamorro and ranged widely in African Americans from 7.2% to 20.9%. Dementia annual incidence for African American (mean = 2.6%; SD = 1%; range, 1.4%-5.5%) and Caribbean Hispanic populations were significantly higher (mean, 3.6%; SD, 1.2%; range, 2.3%-5.3%) than Mexican American and Japanese Americans and non-Latino white populations (0.8%-2.7%), P < .001. CONCLUSIONS Data are needed for American Indian, most Asian, and Pacific Islander populations. Disaggregation of large race/ethnic classifications is warranted due to within-population heterogeneity in incidence and prevalence. African American and Caribbean Hispanic studies showed higher incidence of dementia. A nationwide approach is needed to identify communities at high risk and to tailor culturally appropriate services accordingly.
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Yamazaki Y, Painter MM, Bu G, Kanekiyo T. Apolipoprotein E as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease: A Review of Basic Research and Clinical Evidence. CNS Drugs 2016; 30:773-89. [PMID: 27328687 PMCID: PMC5526196 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-016-0361-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder that causes progressive cognitive decline. The majority of AD cases are sporadic and late-onset (>65 years old) making it the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. While both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the development of late-onset AD (LOAD), APOE polymorphism is a major genetic risk determinant for LOAD. In humans, the APOE gene has three major allelic variants: ε2, ε3, and ε4, of which APOE ε4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for LOAD, whereas APOE ε2 is protective. Mounting evidence suggests that APOE ε4 contributes to AD pathogenesis through multiple pathways including facilitated amyloid-β deposition, increased tangle formation, synaptic dysfunction, exacerbated neuroinflammation, and cerebrovascular defects. Since APOE modulates multiple biological processes through its corresponding protein apolipoprotein E (apoE), APOE gene and apoE properties have been a promising target for therapy and drug development against AD. In this review, we summarize the current evidence regarding how the APOE ε4 allele contributes to the pathogenesis of AD and how relevant therapeutic approaches can be developed to target apoE-mediated pathways in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Meghan M Painter
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Erikson GA, Bodian DL, Rueda M, Molparia B, Scott ER, Scott-Van Zeeland AA, Topol SE, Wineinger NE, Niederhuber JE, Topol EJ, Torkamani A. Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Healthy Aging Cohort. Cell 2016; 165:1002-11. [PMID: 27114037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies of long-lived individuals have revealed few genetic mechanisms for protection against age-associated disease. Therefore, we pursued genome sequencing of a related phenotype-healthy aging-to understand the genetics of disease-free aging without medical intervention. In contrast with studies of exceptional longevity, usually focused on centenarians, healthy aging is not associated with known longevity variants, but is associated with reduced genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer and coronary artery disease. Additionally, healthy aging is not associated with a decreased rate of rare pathogenic variants, potentially indicating the presence of disease-resistance factors. In keeping with this possibility, we identify suggestive common and rare variant genetic associations implying that protection against cognitive decline is a genetic component of healthy aging. These findings, based on a relatively small cohort, require independent replication. Overall, our results suggest healthy aging is an overlapping but distinct phenotype from exceptional longevity that may be enriched with disease-protective genetic factors. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A Erikson
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dale L Bodian
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA
| | - Manuel Rueda
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bhuvan Molparia
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Erick R Scott
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan E Wineinger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John E Niederhuber
- Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eric J Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Ali Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, Scripps Health, and The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Cypher Genomics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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25
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Sundermann EE, Wang C, Katz M, Zimmerman ME, Derby CA, Hall CB, Ozelius LJ, Lipton RB. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein genotype modifies the effect of apolipoprotein ε4 on memory decline in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 41:200.e7-200.e12. [PMID: 27033407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein ε4 (ApoE4) is a strong genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease and memory decline in older adults. A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene (isoleucine to valine; V405) is associated with slower memory decline and a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease. As both genes regulate cholesterol, we hypothesized that the favorable CETPV405 allele may buffer the effect of ApoE4 on memory decline in older adults. Using linear regression, we examined the interactive effect of ApoE4 by CETPV405 on memory decline among 909 community-dwelling, nondemented, older adults (≥70 years) from the Einstein Aging Study. Episodic memory was measured using the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with immediate recall (pFCSRT+IR). There was a significant ApoE × CETP interaction on decline in pFCSRT+IR scores (p = 0.01). ApoE4 carriers experienced faster decline than noncarriers among CETPI405I homozygotes (p = 0.007) and in CETPI405V heterozygotes (p = 0.015) but not in CETPV405V homozygotes (p = 0.614). Results suggest that the CETPV405 allele buffers ApoE4-associated memory decline in a gene dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Elizabeth Sundermann
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Cuiling Wang
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mindy Katz
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Molly E Zimmerman
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Charles B Hall
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- Einstein Aging Study and the Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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26
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Milman S, Barzilai N. Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying Unusually Successful Human Health Span and Life Span. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 6:a025098. [PMID: 26637439 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a025098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Humans age at different rates and families with exceptional survival provide the opportunity to understand why some people age slower than others. Unique features exhibited by centenarians include a family history of longevity, compression of morbidity with resultant extension of health span, and biomarkers such as low-circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Given the rarity of the centenarian phenotype, it has not been surprising that the use of discovery methods that relied on common population single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to unlock the genetic determinants of exceptional longevity have not yielded significant results. Conversely, gene sequencing has resulted in discoveries of functional gene variants that support several of the centenarian phenotypes. These discoveries have led to the strategic developments of drugs that may delay aging and prolong health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Milman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461 Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461 Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York 10461 Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
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27
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Salminen LE, Schofield PR, Pierce KD, Luo X, Zhao Y, Laidlaw DH, Cabeen RP, Conturo TE, Lane EM, Heaps JM, Bolzenius JD, Baker LM, Cooley SA, Scott S, Cagle LM, Paul RH. Genetic markers of cholesterol transport and gray matter diffusion: a preliminary study of the CETP I405V polymorphism. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1581-92. [PMID: 26253899 PMCID: PMC4618053 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variations of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein polymorphism (CETP I405V/rs5882) have been associated with an increased risk for neurodegeneration, particularly when examined in conjunction with the epsilon 4 isoform of apolipoprotein E (ApoE4). Despite these identified relationships, the impact of I405V on gray matter microstructure remains unknown. The present study examined the impact of the CETP I405V polymorphism on gray matter integrity among 52 healthy adults between ages 51 and 85. Gray matter was measured bilaterally using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). Participants were grouped according to a dominant statistical model (II genotype vs. IV/VV genotypes) and secondary analyses were completed to examine the interactive effects of CETP and ApoE4 on DTI metrics. Compared to individuals with the IV/VV genotypes, II homozygotes demonstrated significantly higher MD in bilateral temporal, parietal, and occipital gray matter. Secondary analyses revealed higher FA and AD in the left temporal lobe of IV/VV genotypes with an ApoE4 allele. Our results provide preliminary evidence that CETP II homozygosity is a predisposing risk factor for gray matter abnormalities in posterior brain regions in healthy older adults, independent of an ApoE4 allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Salminen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA.
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerrie D Pierce
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Barker Street Randwick, Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - David H Laidlaw
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Ryan P Cabeen
- Computer Science Department, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Thomas E Conturo
- Washington University School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, 510 S. Kingshighway, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Lane
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jodi M Heaps
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
| | - Jacob D Bolzenius
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Laurie M Baker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Sarah A Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Staci Scott
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
| | - Lee M Cagle
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Robert H Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 1 University Blvd., Stadler Hall 442A, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, 4633 World Parkway Circle, Berkeley, MO, 63134-3115, USA
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28
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Correcting Bias Caused by Missing Data in the Estimate of the Effect of Apolipoprotein ε4 on Cognitive Decline. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015; 21:85-90. [PMID: 25389642 PMCID: PMC4428988 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617714000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal administration of neuropsychological instruments are often used to assess age-related changes in cognition. Informative loss to follow-up may bias the results of these studies. Herein, we use auxiliary data to adjust for informative loss to follow-up. In the Einstein Aging Study, memory was assessed annually in a community sample of adults age 70+, free of dementia at baseline, using the free recall from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, and via telephone using the Memory Impairment Screen for Telephone (the auxiliary data). Joint linear mixed models were used to assess how the effect of the APOE ε4 genotype may be affected by informative missingness in the in-person data. A total of 620 EAS participants contributed 2085 person years of follow-up to the analyses. Memory decline rates estimated in joint models were 19% greater in ε4 negative participants and 27% greater in ε4 positive participants compared to traditional approaches; the effect of APOE ε4 on memory decline was 37% greater. Joint modeling methods can help address bias caused by informative missing data in the estimation of the effect of risk factors on cognitive change, and may be applicable to a broader range of outcomes in longitudinal aging studies.
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29
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Chen JJ, Li YM, Zou WY, Fu JL. Relationships Between CETP Genetic Polymorphisms and Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis. DNA Cell Biol 2014; 33:807-15. [PMID: 25105518 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2013.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ying Zou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Liang Fu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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30
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Lythgoe C, Perkes A, Peterson M, Schmutz C, Leary M, Ebbert MTW, Ridge PG, Norton MC, Tschanz JT, Munger RG, Corcoran CD, Kauwe JSK. Population-based analysis of cholesteryl ester transfer protein identifies association between I405V and cognitive decline: the Cache County Study. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:547.e1-3. [PMID: 25260850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol has been implicated in the pathogenesis of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is critical to cholesterol regulation within the cell, making CETP an Alzheimer's disease candidate gene. Several studies have suggested that CETP I405V (rs5882) is associated with cognitive function and LOAD risk, but findings vary and most studies have been conducted using relatively small numbers of samples. To test whether this variant is involved in cognitive function and LOAD progression, we genotyped 4486 subjects with up to 12 years of longitudinal cognitive assessment. Analyses revealed an average 0.6-point decrease per year in the rate of cognitive decline for each additional valine (p < 0.011). We failed to detect the association between CETP I405V and LOAD status (p < 0.28). We conclude that CETP I405V is associated with preserved cognition over time but is not associated with LOAD status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Lythgoe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Ammon Perkes
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Cameron Schmutz
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Maegan Leary
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mark T W Ebbert
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry G Ridge
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Maria C Norton
- Department of Family Consumer and Human Development, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - JoAnn T Tschanz
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Ronald G Munger
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Christopher D Corcoran
- Center for Epidemiologic Studies, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - John S K Kauwe
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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Hottman DA, Chernick D, Cheng S, Wang Z, Li L. HDL and cognition in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 72 Pt A:22-36. [PMID: 25131449 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are a heterogeneous group of lipoproteins composed of various lipids and proteins. HDL is formed both in the systemic circulation and in the brain. In addition to being a crucial player in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, HDL possesses a wide range of other functions including anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, pro-endothelial function, anti-thrombosis, and modulation of immune function. It has been firmly established that high plasma levels of HDL protect against cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence indicates that the beneficial role of HDL extends to many other systems including the central nervous system. Cognition is a complex brain function that includes all aspects of perception, thought, and memory. Cognitive function often declines during aging and this decline manifests as cognitive impairment/dementia in age-related and progressive neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A growing concern is that no effective therapy is currently available to prevent or treat these devastating diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that HDL may play a pivotal role in preserving cognitive function under normal and pathological conditions. This review attempts to summarize recent genetic, clinical and experimental evidence for the impact of HDL on cognition in aging and in neurodegenerative disorders as well as the potential of HDL-enhancing approaches to improve cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hottman
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dustin Chernick
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Ancelin ML, Ripoche E, Dupuy AM, Samieri C, Rouaud O, Berr C, Carrière I, Ritchie K. Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 24:1056-66. [PMID: 24721317 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the associations between serum lipid levels and cognitive function in a community-based sample of non-demented subjects aged 65 years and over. Participants were 2737 men and 4118 women from a population-based cohort recruited from three French cities. Visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, and executive abilities were evaluated at baseline, and after 2, 4, and 7 years of follow-up. Lipid levels were evaluated at baseline. Multiadjusted Cox models stratified by gender were adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics, mental and physical health, and genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (apolipoprotein E and A, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein) and taking into account baseline vascular pathologies. In men, a hypercholesterolemic pattern in late-life (high total cholesterol (T-C), low HDL-C, high LDL-C levels) was associated with a 25 to 50% increased risk of decline over 7 years in psychomotor speed, executive abilities, and verbal fluency. Specific associations with low T-C and low LDL-C levels were also observed which may depend on genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia (related to apolipoprotein A5 and cholesteryl exchange transfer protein). In contrast, in women, a 30% higher rate of decline was found in psychomotor speed with high HDL-C levels and in executive abilities with low levels of LDL-C and triglycerides, in interaction with hormonal treatment. For men and women, vascular pathologies only slightly outweighed the risk related to lipids. This suggests a complex gender-specific pattern of cognitive decline involving genetic vulnerability in men and hormonal status in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Ripoche
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne-Marie Dupuy
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France; CHRU Montpellier, Hop Lapeyronie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- Univ Bordeaux, ISPED, U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux, France; Insem, U897, Bordeaux, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- CHRU Dijon, Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche, Dijon, France
| | - Claudine Berr
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Carrière
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France
| | - Karen Ritchie
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, F-34093, France; Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
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33
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We are ageing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:808307. [PMID: 25045704 PMCID: PMC4090574 DOI: 10.1155/2014/808307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ageing and longevity is unquestioningly complex. Several thoughts and mechanisms of ageing such as pathways involved in oxidative stress, lipid and glucose metabolism, inflammation, DNA damage and repair, growth hormone axis and insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF), and environmental exposure have been proposed. Also, some theories of ageing were introduced. To date, the most promising leads for longevity are caloric restriction, particularly target of rapamycin (TOR), sirtuins, hexarelin and hormetic responses. This review is an attempt to analyze the mechanisms and theories of ageing and achieving longevity.
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (CNS) of mammals. Brain cholesterol is synthesized in situ by astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and is almost completely isolated from other pools of cholesterol in the body, but a small fraction can be taken up from the circulation as 27-hydroxycholesterol, or via the scavenger receptor class B type I. Glial cells synthesize native high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-like particles, which are remodelled by enzymes and lipid transfer proteins, presumably as it occurs in plasma. The major apolipoprotein constituent of HDL in the CNS is apolipoprotein E, which is produced by astrocytes and microglia. Apolipoprotein A-I, the major protein component of plasma HDL, is not synthesized in the CNS, but can enter and become a component of CNS lipoproteins. Low HDL-C levels have been shown to be associated with cognitive impairment and various neurodegenerative diseases. On the contrary, no clear association with brain disorders has been shown in genetic HDL defects, with the exception of Tangier disease. Mutations in a wide variety of lipid handling genes can result in human diseases, often with a neuronal phenotype caused by dysfunctional intracellular lipid trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vitali
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cheryl L Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Straka R, Kammerer CM, Lee JH, Kraja AT, Christensen K, Newman AB, Province MA, Borecki IB. Genetic analysis of long-lived families reveals novel variants influencing high density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Front Genet 2014; 5:159. [PMID: 24917880 PMCID: PMC4042684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) have an inverse relationship to the risks of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and have also been associated with longevity. We sought to identify novel loci for HDL that could potentially provide new insights into biological regulation of HDL metabolism in healthy-longevous subjects. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) scan on HDL using a mixed model approach to account for family structure using kinship coefficients. A total of 4114 subjects of European descent (480 families) were genotyped at ~2.3 million SNPs and ~38 million SNPs were imputed using the 1000 Genome Cosmopolitan reference panel in MACH. We identified novel variants near-NLRP1 (17p13) associated with an increase of HDL levels at genome-wide significant level (p < 5.0E-08). Additionally, several CETP (16q21) and ZNF259-APOA5-A4-C3-A1 (11q23.3) variants associated with HDL were found, replicating those previously reported in the literature. A possible regulatory variant upstream of NLRP1 that is associated with HDL in these elderly Long Life Family Study (LLFS) subjects may also contribute to their longevity and health. Our NLRP1 intergenic SNPs show a potential regulatory function in Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE); however, it is not clear whether they regulate NLRP1 or other more remote gene. NLRP1 plays an important role in the induction of apoptosis, and its inflammasome is critical for mediating innate immune responses. Nlrp1a (a mouse ortholog of human NLRP1) interacts with SREBP-1a (17p11) which has a fundamental role in lipid concentration and composition, and is involved in innate immune response in macrophages. The NLRP1 region is conserved in mammals, but also has evolved adaptively showing signals of positive selection in European populations that might confer an advantage. NLRP1 intergenic SNPs have also been associated with immunity/inflammasome disorders which highlights the biological importance of this chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Candace M Kammerer
- Departments of Epidemiology and of Human Genetics, Center for Aging and Population Health University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph H Lee
- Sergievsky Center and Taub Institute, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University New York, NY, USA
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark ; Departments of Clinical Genetics and Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ingrid B Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
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Murabito JM, Beiser AS, Decarli C, Seshadri S, Wolf PA, Au R. Parental longevity is associated with cognition and brain ageing in middle-aged offspring. Age Ageing 2014; 43:358-63. [PMID: 24212919 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND offspring of long-lived individuals have lower risk for dementia. We examined the relation between parental longevity and cognition and subclinical markers of brain ageing in community-dwelling adult offspring. METHODS offspring participants with both parents in the Framingham Heart Study, aged ≥55 years and dementia-free underwent baseline and repeat neuropsychological (NP) testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Parental longevity was defined as having at least one parent survive to age ≥85 years. To test the association between parental longevity and measures of cognition and brain volumes, we used multivariable linear and logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, education and time to NP testing or brain MRI. RESULTS of 728 offspring (mean age 66 years, 54% women), 407 (56%) had ≥1 parent achieve longevity. In cross-sectional analysis, parental longevity was associated with better scores on attention (beta 0.21 ± 0.08, P = 0.006) and a lower odds of extensive white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI (odds ratio 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38, 0.92, P = 0.019). The association with white matter hyperintensity was no longer significant in models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and disease. In longitudinal analysis (6.7 ± 1.7 years later), offspring with parental longevity had slower decline in attention (0.18 ± 0.08, P = 0.038), executive function (beta 0.19 ± 0.09, P = 0.031) and visual memory (beta -0.18 ± 0.08, P = 0.023), and less increase in temporal horn volume (beta -0.25 ± 0.09, P = 0.005). The associations persisted in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSION parental longevity is associated with better brain ageing in middle-aged offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Murabito
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Sun L, Hu C, Zheng C, Huang Z, Lv Z, Huang J, Liang S, Shi X, Zhu X, Yuan H, Yang Z. Gene-gene interaction between CETP and APOE polymorphisms confers higher risk for hypertriglyceridemia in oldest-old Chinese women. Exp Gerontol 2014; 55:129-33. [PMID: 24746514 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of dyslipidemia and its genetic contributors in oldest-old subjects is limited; in addition, the majority of oldest-old subjects are females. Evidence has accumulated that multiple genetic factors play important roles in determining susceptibility to dyslipidemia and extended life span. Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) are two plausible candidate genes for human longevity owing to their functionally related modulation of circulating lipid homeostasis; however, few studies have considered their interplay. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of CETP*V (rs5882) and APOE*4 (rs429358 and rs7412) in 372 oldest-old Chinese women (aged 80-109) and 340 controls (aged 20-58). In addition to replicating the association of longevity, our main goal was to evaluate the contribution of CETP*V, APOE*4 and CETP*APOE interaction to the risk of dyslipidemia. Only APOE*4 conferred a risk against longevity and was associated with high-cholesterol (hTC) and mixed dyslipidemia for oldest-old females. Moreover, CETP*V was found to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia (hTG) independently from APOE*4, age, BMI, alcohol drinking, TC, TG, HDL-c, and LDL-c. The stratification test, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, and nonparametric MDR analysis all suggested a significant CETP*APOE interaction associated with hTG. The unadjusted odds for hTG were more than 4-fold in subjects with CETP*V and APOE*4 than those without either (OR=4.36, P<0.001). These results provide evidence of strong independent associations between hTG and CETP*V in oldest-old Chinese females, and APOE*4, as an independently non-significant variant, might interact with CETP*V resulting in an increased risk for hTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Caiyou Hu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zezhi Huang
- Yongfu Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Yongfu, Guangxi, China
| | - Zeping Lv
- Department of Neurology, Jiangbin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
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Abstract
Dementia is currently diagnosed based on clinical symptoms and signs, but significant brain damage has already occurred by the time a clinical diagnosis of dementia is made, and it is increasingly recognized that this may be too late for any effective intervention. It would therefore be of great public health and preventive value to define a variety of biomarkers that could permit early detection of persons at a higher risk for developing dementia, and specifically dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. Nevertheless, for the purpose of large-scale screening, circulating biomarkers are more appropriate because they are less invasive than lumbar puncture, less costly than brain amyloid imaging and can be easily assessed repeatedly in a primary care clinic setting. In this brief review we will review a number of candidate molecules implicated as possible predictors of dementia risk. These candidates include markers of vascular injury, metabolic and inflammatory states, amyloid and tau pathway markers, measures of neural degeneration and repair efforts, and other molecules that might contribute to anatomical and functional changes characteristic of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, B602, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, B602, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, 73 Mount Wayte Avenue, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
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Ancelin ML, Ripoche E, Dupuy AM, Barberger-Gateau P, Auriacombe S, Rouaud O, Berr C, Carrière I, Ritchie K. Sex differences in the associations between lipid levels and incident dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 34:519-28. [PMID: 23254630 DOI: 10.3233/jad-121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a risk factor for developing vascular pathologies, which is in turn an important risk factor for dementia. Previous studies linking lipids and dementia have yielded inconsistent results, which may be attributable to sex differences in the etiology of both vascular disease and dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between lipids and incident dementia in 7053 community-dwelling elderly. Dementia was diagnosed at baseline, and 2, 4, and 7-year follow-up. Multivariate Cox models stratified by sex and history of vascular pathologies at baseline were adjusted for sociodemographic, mental and physical health variables, and genetic vulnerability. In men without vascular pathologies, an increased incidence of all-cause dementia but not Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with high triglyceride (TG) (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.04-2.32, p = 0.03) and low HDL-cholesterol levels (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 0.99-2.23, p = 0.05). In women without vascular pathologies, low TG levels were associated with a decreased risk of AD (HR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43-0.97, p = 0.03). A decreased risk was also found with high TG levels which may depend on genetic vulnerability to dyslipidemia related to APOA5. For both sexes, no significant associations were found between total- or LDL-cholesterol and dementia or AD. Low HDL-cholesterol and high TG levels may be risk factors of dementia in elderly men whereas low TG is associated with decreased incident AD in women. This data suggests a complex sex-specific etiology of vascular dementia and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Ancelin
- Inserm, U1061, Montpellier, France Univ Montpellier 1, U1061, Montpellier, France.
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Personality, self-rated health, and cognition in centenarians: do personality and self-rated health relate to cognitive function in advanced age? Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:183-91. [PMID: 23524310 PMCID: PMC3629290 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Personality and self-rated health have been linked previously to cognitive outcome in late life. However, these associations have not been shown among the oldest old. This study examined relationships between personality, self-rated health, and cognitive function in a selected sample of Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians (n = 68, 59% female) aged 95 to 106 who lived independently in the community. Personality was measured using the Personality Outlook Profile Scale (POPS), a brief measure that was validated in this population. Self-rated health was assessed by participants’ subjective rating of their present health, and Mini-Mental Status Examination was used to determine cognitive function. Results showed positive associations of the Positive Attitude Towards Life domain of the POPS and self-rated health with participants’ current cognitive function. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for the effects of participants'age, gender, marital status, education, and history of medical illnesses. Further exploratory analysis using structural equations modeling showed significant associations among the three variables, but demonstrated a borderline significant level of mediating effect of personality on the relationship between self-rated health and cognition. These results reemphasized the independent roles of personality and self-rated health on centenarians’ cognitive outcomes. Future studies will further elucidate the impact of personality and self-rated health on cognitive outcomes in the oldest old.
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Sun L, Hu CY, Shi XH, Zheng CG, Huang ZZ, Lv ZP, Huang J, Wan G, Qi KY, Liang SY, Zhou L, Yang Z. Trans-ethnical shift of the risk genotype in the CETP I405V with longevity: a Chinese case-control study and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72537. [PMID: 23977315 PMCID: PMC3744487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The I405V polymorphism of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene (CETP) has been suggested to be a protective factor conferring longevity in Ashkenazi Jews, although findings in other races are not supportive. This paper describes a case-control study and a meta-analysis conducted to derive a more precise estimation of the association between CETP 405V and longevity. METHODS We enrolled 1,021 ethnic Han Chinese participants (506 in the longevity group and 515 controls), then performed a meta-analysis that integrated the current study and previously published ones. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated for allele contrasts, dominant and recessive inheritance models to assess the association between CETP 405V and longevity according to the ethnic stratification. RESULTS Our case-control data indicated that CETP 405V is a longevity risk allele in all genetic models (P additive =0.008; P dominant =0.008, OR(dominant)=0.673; P recessive =0.017, OR(recessive)=0.654) after adjustment for the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele, body mass index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. A synergy was detected between 405V and APOE ε4 (P=0.001, OR=0.530). Eight studies were eligible for meta-analysis, which confirmed 405V is the risky allele against longevity in all genetic models: allele contrasts (OR=0.81, 95%CI=0.74-0.88), dominant model (OR=0.72, 95%CI=0.64-0.82) and recessive model (OR=0.80, 95%CI=0.67-0.96). After ethnic stratification, 405V remained a risk allele in East Asians but no significant association was found in Europeans or white Americans. CONCLUSION Our case-control study suggests CETP 405V as a risk allele against longevity in Chinese. The meta-analysis suggests the involvement of CETP 405V is protective in Ashkenazi Jews but is a risk allele against longevity in the East Asian (Chinese) population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Cai-you Hu
- Department of Neurology, JiangBin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-hong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Chen-guang Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Guangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ze-zhi Huang
- Yongfu Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Yongfu, Guangxi, China
| | - Ze-ping Lv
- Department of Neurology, JiangBin Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jin Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-yan Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Si-ying Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Beijing Youth Science and Technology Club, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital and Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Verghese J, Holtzer R, Wang C, Katz MJ, Barzilai N, Lipton RB. Role of APOE genotype in gait decline and disability in aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1395-401. [PMID: 23902934 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variation may influence risk of gait decline and disability in aging through multiple mechanisms, a systematic examination of this relationship has been lacking. Our objective was to quantify the risk of gait decline and disability associated with the APOE ε4 allele in aging. METHODS We evaluated 627 community-dwelling adults aged 70 and older (white 67.8%) with APOE genotype and quantitative gait measurements participating in the Einstein Aging Study over a median follow-up of 3.0 years. Main outcomes were gait speed decline (cm/s/year) and incident disability. RESULTS APOE ε4 allele frequency was 24.1%. Presence of APOE ε4 was not significantly associated with gait speed decline overall (p = .37) but was associated with faster gait speed decline in older men (estimate: -1.16, 95% CI: -2.31 to -0.01, p = .04). The interaction between the ε4 allele and male sex predicted gait speed decline (estimate: -1.70, 95% CI: -3.33 to -0.07, p = .04). Presence of the APOE ε4 allele was associated with increased risk of disability in older men (HR 3.72, 95% CI: 1.44-9.59, p = .007). Associations of the ε4 allele with study outcomes remained significant even after accounting for several potential confounders including vascular and cognitive status. The strength of the associations was stronger in the white subgroup. CONCLUSION This preliminary report suggests that the APOE ε4 allele is associated with increased risk of gait speed decline and disability in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Verghese
- MBBS, Division of Cognitive and Motor Aging, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1165 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461.
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Cosentino S, Schupf N, Christensen K, Andersen SL, Newman A, Mayeux R. Reduced prevalence of cognitive impairment in families with exceptional longevity. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:867-74. [PMID: 23649824 PMCID: PMC4151346 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2013.1959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Family studies of centenarians and long-lived persons have found substantial familial aggregation of survival to extreme ages; however, the extent to which such familial longevity is characterized by cognitively intact survival is not established. OBJECTIVE To determine whether families with exceptional longevity are protected against cognitive impairment consistent with Alzheimer disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Multisite study in New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Denmark. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1870 individuals (1510 family members and 360 spouse controls) recruited through the Long Life Family Study. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Prevalence of cognitive impairment based on a diagnostic algorithm validated using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data set. RESULTS The cognitive algorithm classified 546 individuals (38.5%) as having cognitive impairment consistent with Alzheimer disease. Long Life Family Study probands had a slightly but not statistically significant reduced risk of cognitive impairment compared with spouse controls (121 of 232 for probands vs 45 of 103 for spouse controls; odds ratio = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.4), whereas Long Life Family Study sons and daughters had a clearly reduced risk of cognitive impairment (11 of 213 for sons and daughters vs 28 of 216 for spouse controls; odds ratio = 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.9). Restriction to nieces and nephews in the offspring generation attenuated this effect (37 of 328 for nieces and nephews vs 28 of 216 for spouse controls; odds ratio = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.4-1.4). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Rates of cognitive impairment characteristic of Alzheimer disease were relatively high. In the proband generation, rates were comparable across family members and spouse controls, whereas sons and daughters of probands had significantly lower rates than spouse controls. Results suggest a delayed onset of cognitive impairment in families with exceptional longevity, but assessment of age-specific incidence rates is required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cosentino
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark and the Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Stacy L. Andersen
- Geriatrics Section, School of Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Anne Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY
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Zhang X, Li M, Wen F, Zuo C, Chen H, Wu K, Zeng R. Different impact of high-density lipoprotein-related genetic variants on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration in a Chinese Han population. Exp Eye Res 2013; 108:16-22. [PMID: 23274582 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 Xianlie South Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Han J, Ryu S, Moskowitz DM, Rothenberg D, Leahy DJ, Atzmon G, Barzilai N, Suh Y. Discovery of novel non-synonymous SNP variants in 988 candidate genes from 6 centenarians by target capture and next-generation sequencing. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:478-85. [PMID: 23376243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite evidence of a substantial genetic component, the genetic factors that underlie longevity in humans remain to be identified. Previous genome-wide linkage and association studies have not found strong evidence for the contribution of common variants besides the APOE gene, suggesting the role of rare variants in human longevity. To discover rare variants that might contribute to longevity, we selected 988 candidate genes and performed a pilot study to identify novel non-synonymous variants in 6 Ashkenazi Jewish centenarians older than 105. Our candidate genes act in pathways implicated in aging and longevity, including neurodegeneration, cognitive function, lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and genome maintenance. By implementing custom-designed Agilent SureSelect target capture and next-generation sequencing, we discovered a total of 89 novel non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) and validated 51 nsSNPs by iPLEX MassArray assays. Genotyping analysis of these novel SNPs in 410 Ashkenazi Jewish controls and 390 centenarians showed significant enrichment (5.3 fold, p = 0.02) of the p.Y318C variant in PMS2 and significant depletion (7.5 fold, p = 0.04) of the p.V465A variant in GABRR3 in centenarians compared to controls. Our study presents the potential of targeted next-generation sequencing for discovery of rare but functional genetic variation which may lead to exceptional longevity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeehae Han
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Association studies of several cholesterol-related genes (ABCA1, CETP and LIPC) with serum lipids and risk of Alzheimer's disease. Lipids Health Dis 2012. [PMID: 23181436 PMCID: PMC3532092 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Accumulating evidence suggested that dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis might be a major etiologic factor in initiating and promoting neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), hepatic lipase (HL, coding genes named LIPC) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are important components of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) implicated in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we will investigate the possible association of several common polymorphisms (ABCA1R219K, CETPTaqIB and LIPC-250 G/A) with susceptibility to AD and plasma lipid levels. Methods Case–control study of 208 Han Chinese (104 AD patients and 104 non-demented controls) from Changsha area in Hunan Province was performed using the PCR-RFLP analysis. Cognitive decline was assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a standardized method. Additionally, fasting lipid profile and the cognitive testing scores including Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were recorded. Results and conclusions We found significant differences among the genotype distributions of these three genes in AD patients when compared with controls. But after adjusting other factors, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed only ABCA1R219K (B = −0.903, P = 0.005, OR = 0.405, 95%CI:0.217-0.758) and LIPC-250 G/A variants(B = −0.905, P = 0.018, OR = 0.405, 95%CI:0.191-0.858) were associated with decreased AD risk. There were significantly higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoproteinA-I in the carriers of KK genotype and K allele (P < 0.05), and B2B2 genotype of CETP Taq1B showed significant association with higher HDL-C levels than other genotypes (F = 5.598, P = 0.004), while -250 G/A polymorphisms had no significant effect on HDL-C. In total population, subjects carrying ABCA1219K allele or LIPC-250A allele obtained higher MMSE or WMS scores than non-carriers, however, no significant association was observed in AD group or controls. Therefore, this preliminary study showed that the gene variants of ABCA1R219K and LIPC-250 G/A might influence AD susceptibility in South Chinese Han population, but the polymorphism of CETPTaq1B didn't show any association in despite of being a significant determinant of HDL-C.
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Ancelin ML, Carrière I, Barberger-Gateau P, Auriacombe S, Rouaud O, Fourlanos S, Berr C, Dupuy AM, Ritchie K. Lipid lowering agents, cognitive decline, and dementia: the three-city study. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 30:629-37. [PMID: 22451317 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effects of lipid lowering agent (LLA) intake on cognitive function in 6,830 community-dwelling elderly persons. Cognitive performance (global cognitive functioning, visual memory, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, and executive function), clinical diagnosis of dementia, and fibrate and statin use, were evaluated at baseline, and 2, 4, and 7 year follow-up. Multivariate Cox models were stratified by gender and adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, mental and physical health including vascular risk factors, and genetic vulnerability (apolipoprotein E and cholesteryl ester transfer protein). For women but not men, fibrate use was specifically associated with an increased risk over 7 years of decline in visual memory only (HR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.09-1.54, p = 0.004), and did not increase risk for incident dementia. This association was independent of genetic vulnerability related to apolipoprotein E and cholesteryl exchange transfer protein polymorphisms and occurred only in women with higher low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels and treated with fibrate (HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.08-1.79, p = 0.01) and not in those with lower LDL-cholesterol levels irrespective of fibrate treatment. For both genders, no significant associations were found between statins (irrespective of their lipophilicity) and either cognitive decline or dementia incidence. This prospective study, adjusting for multiple confounders, found no evidence that LLA given in late life reduced the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, but did raise the possibility that women with treatment-resistant high LDL-cholesterol may be at increased risk of decline in visual memory.
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Sanders AE, Hall CB, Katz MJ, Lipton RB. Non-native language use and risk of incident dementia in the elderly. J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 29:99-108. [PMID: 22232011 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2011-111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive reserve is invoked to explain the protective effects of education and cognitively-stimulating activities against all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For non-native English speakers (n-NES), speaking English may be a cognitive activity associated with lower dementia risk. We hypothesized that n-NES have lower risk of incident dementia/AD and that educational level might modify this relationship. Participants took part in the Einstein Aging Study (Bronx, NY), a longitudinal study of aging and dementia. All (n = 1779) spoke fluent English and self-reported birthplace and whether English was their first language. n-NES additionally reported mother tongue, age of English acquisition, and current percentile-use of a non-English language. Nested Cox proportional hazards models progressively adjusted for gender, race, education, and immigrant and marital status estimated hazard ratios (HR) for incident dementia/AD as a function of n-NES status. 390 (22%) participants were n-NES. 126 incident dementia cases occurred during 4174 person-years of follow-up (median 1.44; range 0-16); 101 individuals met criteria for probable/possible AD. There was no statistically-significant association between n-NES status and incident dementia in the fully-adjusted model (HR 1.26; 95% CI 0.76-2.09; p = 0.36). Results were similar for AD. Stratification of education into three groups revealed increased risk of dementia for n-NES with ≥ 16 years of education (HR 3.97; 95% CI 1.62-9.75; p = 0.003). We conclude that n-NES status does not appear to have an independent protective effect against incident dementia/AD, and that n-NES status may contribute to risk of dementia in an education-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Sanders
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Clifford AJ, Chen K, McWade L, Rincon G, Kim SH, Holstege DM, Owens JE, Liu B, Müller HG, Medrano JF, Fadel JG, Moshfegh AJ, Baer DJ, Novotny JA. Gender and single nucleotide polymorphisms in MTHFR, BHMT, SPTLC1, CRBP2, CETP, and SCARB1 are significant predictors of plasma homocysteine normalized by RBC folate in healthy adults. J Nutr 2012; 142:1764-71. [PMID: 22833659 PMCID: PMC3417835 DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.160333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using linear regression models, we studied the main and 2-way interaction effects of the predictor variables gender, age, BMI, and 64 folate/vitamin B-12/homocysteine (Hcy)/lipid/cholesterol-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on log-transformed plasma Hcy normalized by RBC folate measurements (nHcy) in 373 healthy Caucasian adults (50% women). Variable selection was conducted by stepwise Akaike information criterion or least angle regression and both methods led to the same final model. Significant predictors (where P values were adjusted for false discovery rate) included type of blood sample [whole blood (WB) vs. plasma-depleted WB; P < 0.001] used for folate analysis, gender (P < 0.001), and SNP in genes SPTLC1 (rs11790991; P = 0.040), CRBP2 (rs2118981; P < 0.001), BHMT (rs3733890; P = 0.019), and CETP (rs5882; P = 0.017). Significant 2-way interaction effects included gender × MTHFR (rs1801131; P = 0.012), gender × CRBP2 (rs2118981; P = 0.011), and gender × SCARB1 (rs83882; P = 0.003). The relation of nHcy concentrations with the significant SNP (SPTLC1, BHMT, CETP, CRBP2, MTHFR, and SCARB1) is of interest, especially because we surveyed the main and interaction effects in healthy adults, but it is an important area for future study. As discussed, understanding Hcy and genetic regulation is important, because Hcy may be related to inflammation, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. We conclude that gender and SNP significantly affect nHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Clifford
- Department of Nutrition,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Janel E. Owens
- Department of Nutrition,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David J. Baer
- Food Components and Health Laboratory, USDA, Beltsville, MD
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