1
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Liu L, Liu X, Bai Z, Tanveer M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Shabala S, Huang L. Small but powerful: RALF peptides in plant adaptive and developmental responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112085. [PMID: 38588983 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants live in a highly dynamic environment and require to rapidly respond to a plethora of environmental stimuli, so that to maintain their optimal growth and development. A small plant peptide, rapid alkalization factor (RALF), can rapidly increase the pH value of the extracellular matrix in plant cells. RALFs always function with its corresponding receptors. Mechanistically, effective amount of RALF is induced and released at the critical period of plant growth and development or under different external environmental factors. Recent studies also highlighted the role of RALF peptides as important regulators in plant intercellular communications, as well as their operation in signal perception and as ligands for different receptor kinases on the surface of the plasma membrane, to integrate various environmental cues. In this context, understanding the fine-print of above processes may be essential to solve the problems of crop adaptation to various harsh environments under current climate trends scenarios, by genetic means. This paper summarizes the current knowledge about the structure and diversity of RALF peptides and their roles in plant development and response to stresses, highlighting unanswered questions and problems to be solved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lining Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xing Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhenkun Bai
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China; School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, Australia.
| | - Liping Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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2
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Zhong S, Zhao P, Peng X, Li HJ, Duan Q, Cheung AY. From gametes to zygote: Mechanistic advances and emerging possibilities in plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:4-35. [PMID: 38431529 PMCID: PMC11060694 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiongbo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hong-Ju Li
- Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Molecular Agrobiology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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3
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Rodríguez-García DR, Rondón Guerrero YDC, Ferrero L, Rossi AH, Miglietta EA, Aptekmann AA, Marzol E, Martínez Pacheco J, Carignani M, Berdion Gabarain V, Lopez LE, Díaz Dominguez G, Borassi C, Sánchez-Serrano JJ, Xu L, Nadra AD, Rojo E, Ariel F, Estevez JM. Transcription factor NAC1 activates expression of peptidase-encoding AtCEPs in roots to limit root hair growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:81-93. [PMID: 37801618 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes encode a unique group of papain-type Cysteine EndoPeptidases (CysEPs) containing a KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (KDEL-CysEPs or CEPs). CEPs process the cell-wall scaffolding EXTENSIN (EXT) proteins that regulate de novo cell-wall formation and cell expansion. Since CEPs cleave EXTs and EXT-related proteins, acting as cell-wall-weakening agents, they may play a role in cell elongation. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome encodes 3 CEPs (AtCPE1-AtCEP3). Here, we report that the genes encoding these 3 Arabidopsis CEPs are highly expressed in root-hair (RH) cell files. Single mutants have no evident abnormal RH phenotype, but atcep1-3 atcep3-2 and atcep1-3 atcep2-2 double mutants have longer RHs than wild-type (Wt) plants, suggesting that expression of AtCEPs in root trichoblasts restrains polar elongation of the RH. We provide evidence that the transcription factor NAC1 (petunia NAM and Arabidopsis ATAF1, ATAF2, and CUC2) activates AtCEPs expression in roots to limit RH growth. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicates that NAC1 binds to the promoter of AtCEP1, AtCEP2, and, to a lower extent, AtCEP3 and may directly regulate their expression. Inducible NAC1 overexpression increases AtCEP1 and AtCEP2 transcript levels in roots and leads to reduced RH growth while the loss of function nac1-2 mutation reduces AtCEP1-AtCEP3 gene expression and enhances RH growth. Likewise, expression of a dominant chimeric NAC1-SRDX repressor construct leads to increased RH length. Finally, we show that RH cell walls in the atcep1-3 atcep3-2 double mutant have reduced levels of EXT deposition, suggesting that the defects in RH elongation are linked to alterations in EXT processing and accumulation. Our results support the involvement of AtCEPs in controlling RH polar growth through EXT processing and insolubilization at the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Rodríguez-García
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | | | - Lucía Ferrero
- CONICET, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Andrés Hugo Rossi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Esteban A Miglietta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Ariel A Aptekmann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mariana Carignani
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Victoria Berdion Gabarain
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Leonel E Lopez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz Dominguez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - José Juan Sánchez-Serrano
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lin Xu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Alejandro D Nadra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rojo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Federico Ariel
- CONICET, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), 7500000 Santiago, Chile
- ANID-Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), 8331150 Santiago, Chile
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4
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Cosgrove DJ. Structure and growth of plant cell walls. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y. [PMID: 38102449 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins, with very different physical properties are assembled by the cell to make a strong yet extensible wall. This Review describes the physics of wall growth and its regulation by cellular processes such as cellulose production by cellulose synthase, modulation of wall pH by plasma membrane H+-ATPase, wall loosening by expansin and signalling by plant hormones such as auxin and brassinosteroid. In addition, this Review discusses the nuanced roles, properties and interactions of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and cell wall proteins and describes how wall stress and wall loosening cooperatively result in cell wall growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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5
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Ogawa ST, Kessler SA. Update on signaling pathways regulating polarized intercellular communication in Arabidopsis reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1732-1744. [PMID: 37453128 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sienna T Ogawa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
| | - Sharon A Kessler
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47905, USA
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6
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Lan Z, Song Z, Wang Z, Li L, Liu Y, Zhi S, Wang R, Wang J, Li Q, Bleckmann A, Zhang L, Dresselhaus T, Dong J, Gu H, Zhong S, Qu LJ. Antagonistic RALF peptides control an intergeneric hybridization barrier on Brassicaceae stigmas. Cell 2023; 186:4773-4787.e12. [PMID: 37806310 PMCID: PMC10615786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Pollen-pistil interactions establish interspecific/intergeneric pre-zygotic hybridization barriers in plants. The rejection of undesired pollen at the stigma is crucial to avoid outcrossing but can be overcome with the support of mentor pollen. The mechanisms underlying this hybridization barrier are largely unknown. Here, in Arabidopsis, we demonstrate that receptor-like kinases FERONIA/CURVY1/ANJEA/HERCULES RECEPTOR KINASE 1 and cell wall proteins LRX3/4/5 interact on papilla cell surfaces with autocrine stigmatic RALF1/22/23/33 peptide ligands (sRALFs) to establish a lock that blocks the penetration of undesired pollen tubes. Compatible pollen-derived RALF10/11/12/13/25/26/30 peptides (pRALFs) act as a key, outcompeting sRALFs and enabling pollen tube penetration. By treating Arabidopsis stigmas with synthetic pRALFs, we unlock the barrier, facilitating pollen tube penetration from distantly related Brassicaceae species and resulting in interspecific/intergeneric hybrid embryo formation. Therefore, we uncover a "lock-and-key" system governing the hybridization breadth of interspecific/intergeneric crosses in Brassicaceae. Manipulating this system holds promise for facilitating broad hybridization in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaihua Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizong Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrea Bleckmann
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Lu H, Niu X, Fan Y, Yuan Y, Huang L, Zhao B, Liu Y, Xiao F. The extensin protein SAE1 plays a role in leaf senescence and is targeted by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4 in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5635-5652. [PMID: 37368909 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Extensins are hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and generally play a structural role in cell wall integrity. In this study, we determined a novel role of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED EXTENSIN1 (SAE1) in leaf senescence. Both gain- and loss-of-function analyses suggest that SAE1 plays a positive role in leaf senescence in tomato. Transgenic plants overexpressing SAE1 (SAE1-OX) exhibited premature leaf senescence and enhanced dark-induced senescence, whereas SAE1 knockout (SAE1-KO) plants displayed delayed development-dependent and dark-induced leaf senescence. Heterologous overexpression of SlSAE1 in Arabidopsis also led to premature leaf senescence and enhanced dark-induced senescence. In addition, the SAE1 protein was found to interact with the tomato ubiquitin ligase SlSINA4, and SlSINA4 promoted SAE1 degradation in a ligase-dependent manner when co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, suggesting that SlSINA4 controls SAE1 protein levels via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Introduction of an SlSINA4-overexpression construct into the SAE1-OX tomato plants consistently completely eliminated accumulation of the SAE1 protein and suppressed the phenotypes conferred by overexpression of SAE1. Taken together, our results suggest that the tomato extensin SAE1 plays a positive role in leaf senescence and is regulated by the ubiquitin ligase SINA4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Xiangli Niu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Youhong Fan
- Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yulin Yuan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China
- School of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Fangming Xiao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, 83844, USA
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8
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Jaffri SRF, Scheer H, MacAlister CA. The hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase FIN4 is required for tomato pollen intine development. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023; 36:173-191. [PMID: 36749417 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pollen grain cell wall is a highly specialized structure composed of distinct layers formed through complex developmental pathways. The production of the innermost intine layer, composed of cellulose, pectin and other polymers, is particularly poorly understood. Here we demonstrate an important and specific role for the hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase (HPAT) FIN4 in tomato intine development. HPATs are plant-specific enzymes which initiate glycosylation of certain cell wall structural proteins and signaling peptides. FIN4 was expressed throughout pollen development in both the developing pollen and surrounding tapetal cells. A fin4 mutant with a partial deletion of the catalytic domain displayed significantly reduced male fertility in vivo and compromised pollen hydration and germination in vitro. However, fin4 pollen that successfully germinated formed morphologically normal pollen tubes with the same growth rate as the wild-type pollen. When we examined mature fin4 pollen, we found they were cytologically normal, and formed morphologically normal exine, but produced significantly thinner intine. During intine deposition at the late stages of pollen development we found fin4 pollen had altered polymer deposition, including reduced cellulose and increased detection of pectin, specifically homogalacturonan with both low and high degrees of methylesterification. Therefore, FIN4 plays an important role in intine formation and, in turn pollen hydration and germination and the process of intine formation involves dynamic changes in the developing pollen cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Roop Fatima Jaffri
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Holly Scheer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cora A MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Li J, Zhang Y, Li Z, Dai H, Luan X, Zhong T, Chen S, Xie XM, Qin G, Zhang XQ, Peng H. OsPEX1, an extensin-like protein, negatively regulates root growth in a gibberellin-mediated manner in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 112:47-59. [PMID: 37097548 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01347-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) are required for plant growth and development through affecting cell growth and cell wall formation. LRX gene family can be classified into two categories: predominantly vegetative-expressed LRX and reproductive-expressed PEX. In contrast to the tissue specificity of Arabidopsis PEX genes in reproductive organs, rice OsPEX1 is also highly expressed in roots in addition to reproductive tissue. However, whether and how OsPEX1 affects root growth is unclear. Here, we found that overexpression of OsPEX1 retarded root growth by reducing cell elongation likely caused by an increase of lignin deposition, whereas knockdown of OsPEX1 had an opposite effect on root growth, indicating that OsPEX1 negatively regulated root growth in rice. Further investigation uncovered the existence of a feedback loop between OsPEX1 expression level and GA biosynthesis for proper root growth. This was supported by the facts that exogenous GA3 application downregulated transcript levels of OsPEX1 and lignin-related genes and rescued the root developmental defects of the OsPEX1 overexpression mutant, whereas OsPEX1 overexpression reduced GA level and the expression of GA biosynthesis genes. Moreover, OsPEX1 and GA showed antagonistic action on the lignin biosynthesis in root. OsPEX1 overexpression upregulated transcript levels of lignin-related genes, whereas exogenous GA3 application downregulated their expression. Taken together, this study reveals a possible molecular pathway of OsPEX1mediated regulation of root growth through coordinate modulation of lignin deposition via a negative feedback regulation between OsPEX1 expression and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieni Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yuexiong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhenyong Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hang Dai
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tianxiu Zhong
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shu Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin-Ming Xie
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Intelligent Manufacturing, College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China.
| | - Haifeng Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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10
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Robinson R, Sprott D, Couroux P, Routly E, Labbé N, Xing T, Robert LS. The triticale mature pollen and stigma proteomes - assembling the proteins for a productive encounter. J Proteomics 2023; 278:104867. [PMID: 36870675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Triticeae crops are major contributors to global food production and ensuring their capacity to reproduce and generate seeds is critical. However, despite their importance our knowledge of the proteins underlying Triticeae reproduction is severely lacking and this is not only true of pollen and stigma development, but also of their pivotal interaction. When the pollen grain and stigma are brought together they have each accumulated the proteins required for their intended meeting and accordingly studying their mature proteomes is bound to reveal proteins involved in their diverse and complex interactions. Using triticale as a Triticeae representative, gel-free shotgun proteomics was used to identify 11,533 and 2977 mature stigma and pollen proteins respectively. These datasets, by far the largest to date, provide unprecedented insights into the proteins participating in Triticeae pollen and stigma development and interactions. The study of the Triticeae stigma has been particularly neglected. To begin filling this knowledge gap, a developmental iTRAQ analysis was performed revealing 647 proteins displaying differential abundance as the stigma matures in preparation for pollination. An in-depth comparison to an equivalent Brassicaceae analysis divulged both conservation and diversification in the makeup and function of proteins involved in the pollen and stigma encounter. SIGNIFICANCE: Successful pollination brings together the mature pollen and stigma thus initiating an intricate series of molecular processes vital to crop reproduction. In the Triticeae crops (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, triticale) there persists a vast deficit in our knowledge of the proteins involved which needs to be addressed if we are to face the many upcoming challenges to crop production such as those associated with climate change. At maturity, both the pollen and stigma have acquired the protein complement necessary for their forthcoming encounter and investigating their proteomes will inevitably provide unprecedented insights into the proteins enabling their interactions. By combining the analysis of the most comprehensive Triticeae pollen and stigma global proteome datasets to date with developmental iTRAQ investigations, proteins implicated in the different phases of pollen-stigma interaction enabling pollen adhesion, recognition, hydration, germination and tube growth, as well as those underlying stigma development were revealed. Extensive comparisons between equivalent Triticeae and Brassiceae datasets highlighted both the conservation of biological processes in line with the shared goal of activating the pollen grain and promoting pollen tube invasion of the pistil to effect fertilization, as well as the significant distinctions in their proteomes consistent with the considerable differences in their biochemistry, physiology and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - David Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Natalie Labbé
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Carleton University, Department of Biology, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada.
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11
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Caperta AD, Fernandes I, Conceição SIR, Marques I, Róis AS, Paulo OS. Ovule Transcriptome Analysis Discloses Deregulation of Genes and Pathways in Sexual and Apomictic Limonium Species (Plumbaginaceae). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040901. [PMID: 37107659 PMCID: PMC10137852 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Limonium Mill. (sea lavenders) includes species with sexual and apomixis reproductive strategies, although the genes involved in these processes are unknown. To explore the mechanisms beyond these reproduction modes, transcriptome profiling of sexual, male sterile, and facultative apomictic species was carried out using ovules from different developmental stages. In total, 15,166 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed with apomictic vs. sexual reproduction, of which 4275 were uniquely annotated using an Arabidopsis thaliana database, with different regulations according to each stage and/or species compared. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to tubulin, actin, the ubiquitin degradation process, reactive oxygen species scavenging, hormone signaling such as the ethylene signaling pathway and gibberellic acid-dependent signal, and transcription factors were found among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between apomictic and sexual plants. We found that 24% of uniquely annotated DEGs were likely to be implicated in flower development, male sterility, pollen formation, pollen-stigma interactions, and pollen tube formation. The present study identifies candidate genes that are highly associated with distinct reproductive modes and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of apomixis expression in Limonium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana D Caperta
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fernandes
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia I R Conceição
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- LASIGE Computer Science and Engineering Research Centre, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Róis
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (ULHT), Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Octávio S Paulo
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Notova S, Cannac N, Rabagliati L, Touzard M, Mante J, Navon Y, Coche-Guérente L, Lerouxel O, Heux L, Imberty A. Building an Artificial Plant Cell Wall on a Lipid Bilayer by Assembling Polysaccharides and Engineered Proteins. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3516-3528. [PMID: 36194500 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall constitutes a fundamental structural component of plant cells, providing them with mechanical resistance and flexibility. Mimicking this wall is a critical step in the conception of an experimental model of the plant cell. The assembly of cellulose/hemicellulose in the form of cellulose nanocrystals and xyloglucans as a representative model of the plant cell wall has already been mastered; however, these models lacked the pectin component. In this work, we used an engineered chimeric protein designed for bridging pectin to the cellulose/hemicellulose network, therefore achieving the assembly of complete cell wall mimics. We first engineered a carbohydrate-binding module from Ruminococcus flavefaciens able to bind oligogalacturonan, resulting in high-affinity polygalacturonan receptors with Kd in the micromolar range. A Janus protein, with cell wall gluing property, was then designed by assembling this carbohydrate-binding module with a Ralstonia solanacearum lectin specific for fucosylated xyloglucans. The resulting supramolecular architecture is able to bind fucose-containing xyloglucans and homogalacturonan, ensuring high affinity for both. A two-dimensional assembly of an artificial plant cell wall was then built first on synthetic polymer and then on the supported lipid bilayer. Such an artificial cell wall can serve as a basis for the development of plant cell mechanical models and thus deepen the understanding of the principles underlying various aspects of plant cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Notova
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Nathan Cannac
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Luca Rabagliati
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Maeva Touzard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Josselin Mante
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Yotam Navon
- The Pulp and Paper Research & Technical Centre, 38044Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Heux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Imberty
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000Grenoble, France
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13
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Cheung AY, Duan Q, Li C, James Liu MC, Wu HM. Pollen-pistil interactions: It takes two to tangle but a molecular cast of many to deliver. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102279. [PMID: 36029655 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Explosive advances have been made in the molecular understanding of pollen-pistil interactions that underlie reproductive success in flowering plants in the past three decades. Among the most notable is the discovery of pollen tube attractants [1∗,2∗]. The roles these molecules play in facilitating conspecific precedence thus promoting interspecific genetic isolation are also emerging [3-5]. Male-female interactions during the prezygotic phase and contributions from the male and female gametophytes have been comprehensively reviewed recently. Here, we focus on key advances in understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of how these interactions overcome barriers at various pollen-pistil interfaces along the pollen tube growth pathway to facilitate fertilization by desirable mates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Plant Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Qiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China; College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Che James Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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14
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Lee B, Jaberi-Lashkari N, Calo E. A unified view of low complexity regions (LCRs) across species. eLife 2022; 11:e77058. [PMID: 36098382 PMCID: PMC9470157 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low complexity regions (LCRs) play a role in a variety of important biological processes, yet we lack a unified view of their sequences, features, relationships, and functions. Here, we use dotplots and dimensionality reduction to systematically define LCR type/copy relationships and create a map of LCR sequence space capable of integrating LCR features and functions. By defining LCR relationships across the proteome, we provide insight into how LCR type and copy number contribute to higher order assemblies, such as the importance of K-rich LCR copy number for assembly of the nucleolar protein RPA43 in vivo and in vitro. With LCR maps, we reveal the underlying structure of LCR sequence space, and relate differential occupancy in this space to the conservation and emergence of higher order assemblies, including the metazoan extracellular matrix and plant cell wall. Together, LCR relationships and maps uncover and identify scaffold-client relationships among E-rich LCR-containing proteins in the nucleolus, and revealed previously undescribed regions of LCR sequence space with signatures of higher order assemblies, including a teleost-specific T/H-rich sequence space. Thus, this unified view of LCRs enables discovery of how LCRs encode higher order assemblies of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Lee
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Nima Jaberi-Lashkari
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Eliezer Calo
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
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15
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Çetinbaş-Genç A, Conti V, Cai G. Let's shape again: the concerted molecular action that builds the pollen tube. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2022; 35:77-103. [PMID: 35041045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-022-00437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is being subjected to control by a complex network of communication that regulates its shape and the misfunction of a single component causes specific deformations. In flowering plants, the pollen tube is a tubular extension of the pollen grain required for successful sexual reproduction. Indeed, maintaining the unique shape of the pollen tube is essential for the pollen tube to approach the embryo sac. Many processes and molecules (such as GTPase activity, phosphoinositides, Ca2+ gradient, distribution of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, nonuniform pH values, organization of the cytoskeleton, balance between exocytosis and endocytosis, and cell wall structure) play key and coordinated roles in maintaining the cylindrical shape of pollen tubes. In addition, the above factors must also interact with each other so that the cell shape is maintained while the pollen tube follows chemical signals in the pistil that guide it to the embryo sac. Any intrinsic changes (such as erroneous signals) or extrinsic changes (such as environmental stresses) can affect the above factors and thus fertilization by altering the tube morphology. In this review, the processes and molecules that enable the development and maintenance of the unique shape of pollen tubes in angiosperms are presented emphasizing their interaction with specific tube shape. Thus, the purpose of the review is to investigate whether specific deformations in pollen tubes can help us to better understand the mechanism underlying pollen tube shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Çetinbaş-Genç
- Department of Biology, Marmara University, Göztepe Campus, 34722, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Veronica Conti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
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16
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Marzol E, Borassi C, Carignani Sardoy M, Ranocha P, Aptekmann AA, Bringas M, Pennington J, Paez-Valencia J, Martínez Pacheco J, Rodríguez-Garcia DR, Rondón Guerrero YDC, Peralta JM, Fleming M, Mishler-Elmore JW, Mangano S, Blanco-Herrera F, Bedinger PA, Dunand C, Capece L, Nadra AD, Held M, Otegui MS, Estevez JM. Class III Peroxidases PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 Control Root Hair Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105375. [PMID: 35628189 PMCID: PMC9141322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Root hair cells are important sensors of soil conditions. They grow towards and absorb water-soluble nutrients. This fast and oscillatory growth is mediated by continuous remodeling of the cell wall. Root hair cell walls contain polysaccharides and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, including extensins (EXTs). Class-III peroxidases (PRXs) are secreted into the apoplastic space and are thought to trigger either cell wall loosening or polymerization of cell wall components, such as Tyr-mediated assembly of EXT networks (EXT-PRXs). The precise role of these EXT-PRXs is unknown. Using genetic, biochemical, and modeling approaches, we identified and characterized three root-hair-specific putative EXT-PRXs, PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73. prx01,44,73 triple mutation and PRX44 and PRX73 overexpression had opposite effects on root hair growth, peroxidase activity, and ROS production, with a clear impact on cell wall thickness. We use an EXT fluorescent reporter with contrasting levels of cell wall insolubilization in prx01,44,73 and PRX44-overexpressing background plants. In this study, we propose that PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 control EXT-mediated cell wall properties during polar expansion of root hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Mariana Carignani Sardoy
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Philippe Ranocha
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (P.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Ariel A. Aptekmann
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (A.A.A.); (A.D.N.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Mauro Bringas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Janice Pennington
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.P.); (J.P.-V.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.P.); (J.P.-V.); (M.S.O.)
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Diana R. Rodríguez-Garcia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Yossmayer del Carmen Rondón Guerrero
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Juan Manuel Peralta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Margaret Fleming
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA; (M.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - John W. Mishler-Elmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (J.W.M.-E.); (M.H.)
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
| | - Francisca Blanco-Herrera
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Santiago 8320000, Chile;
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) and Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Patricia A. Bedinger
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA; (M.F.); (P.A.B.)
| | - Christophe Dunand
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse INP, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31320 Auzeville-Tolosane, France; (P.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Luciana Capece
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (M.B.); (L.C.)
| | - Alejandro D. Nadra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina; (A.A.A.); (A.D.N.)
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Michael Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (J.W.M.-E.); (M.H.)
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (J.P.); (J.P.-V.); (M.S.O.)
- Departments of Botany and Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET. Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina; (E.M.); (C.B.); (M.C.S.); (J.M.P.); (D.R.R.-G.); (Y.d.C.R.G.); (J.M.P.); (S.M.)
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- ANID—Millennium Science Initiative Program—Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio) and Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Correspondence: or
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17
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Pacheco JM, Ranocha P, Kasulin L, Fusari CM, Servi L, Aptekmann AA, Gabarain VB, Peralta JM, Borassi C, Marzol E, Rodríguez-Garcia DR, del Carmen Rondón Guerrero Y, Sardoy MC, Ferrero L, Botto JF, Meneses C, Ariel F, Nadra AD, Petrillo E, Dunand C, Estevez JM. Apoplastic class III peroxidases PRX62 and PRX69 promote Arabidopsis root hair growth at low temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1310. [PMID: 35288564 PMCID: PMC8921275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRoot Hairs (RHs) growth is influenced by endogenous and by external environmental signals that coordinately regulate its final cell size. We have recently determined that RH growth was unexpectedly boosted when Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings are cultivated at low temperatures. It was proposed that RH growth plasticity in response to low temperature was linked to a reduced nutrient availability in the media. Here, we explore the molecular basis of this RH growth response by using a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) approach using Arabidopsis thaliana natural accessions. We identify the poorly characterized PEROXIDASE 62 (PRX62) and a related protein PRX69 as key proteins under moderate low temperature stress. Strikingly, a cell wall protein extensin (EXT) reporter reveals the effect of peroxidase activity on EXT cell wall association at 10 °C in the RH apical zone. Collectively, our results indicate that PRX62, and to a lesser extent PRX69, are key apoplastic PRXs that modulate ROS-homeostasis and cell wall EXT-insolubilization linked to RH elongation at low temperature.
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18
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Wang Y, Coomey J, Miller K, Jensen GS, Haswell ES. Interactions between a mechanosensitive channel and cell wall integrity signaling influence pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1533-1545. [PMID: 34849746 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells employ multiple systems to maintain cellular integrity, including mechanosensitive ion channels and the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Here, we use pollen as a model system to ask how these different mechanisms are interconnected at the cellular level. MscS-Like 8 (MSL8) is a mechanosensitive channel required to protect Arabidopsis thaliana pollen from osmotic challenges during in vitro rehydration, germination, and tube growth. New CRISPR/Cas9 and artificial miRNA-generated msl8 alleles produced unexpected pollen phenotypes, including the ability to germinate a tube after bursting, dramatic defects in cell wall structure, and disorganized callose deposition at the germination site. We document complex genetic interactions between MSL8 and two previously established components of the CWI pathway, MARIS and ANXUR1/2. Overexpression of MARISR240C-FP suppressed the bursting, germination, and callose deposition phenotypes of msl8 mutant pollen. Null msl8 alleles suppressed the internalized callose structures observed in MARISR240C-FP lines. Similarly, MSL8-YFP overexpression suppressed bursting in the anxur1/2 mutant background, while anxur1/2 alleles reduced the strong rings of callose around ungerminated pollen grains in MSL8-YFP overexpressors. These data show that mechanosensitive ion channels modulate callose deposition in pollen and provide evidence that cell wall and membrane surveillance systems coordinate in a complex manner to maintain cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Wang
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Joshua Coomey
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
| | - Kari Miller
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Gregory S Jensen
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology
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19
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Duan Y, Wang L, Li X, Wang W, Wang J, Liu X, Zhong Y, Cao N, Tong M, Ge W, Guo Y, Li R. Arabidopsis SKU5 Similar 11 and 12 play crucial roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:598-614. [PMID: 34775642 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance are crucial factors in plant sexual reproduction. Members of the plant Skewed5 (SKU5) Similar (SKS) family show strong similarity to multicopper oxidases (MCOs), but they lack conserved histidines in MCO active sites. The functions of most SKS family members are unknown. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen-expressed SKS11 and SKS12 play important roles in pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance. The sks11sks12 mutant exhibited significantly reduced male fertility. Most of the pollen from sks11sks12 plants burst when germinated, and the pollen tubes grew slowly and exhibited defective growth along the funiculus and micropyle. SKS11-GFP and SKS12-mCherry were detected at the cell wall in pollen tubes. The contents of several cell wall polysaccharides and arabinogalactans were decreased in the pollen tube cell walls of sks11sks12 plants. Staining with a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive dye and use of the H2 O2 sensor HyPer revealed that the ROS content in the pollen tubes of sks11sks12 plants was remarkably reduced. SKS11444His-Ala , in which the last conserved histidine was mutated, could restore the mutant phenotypes of sks11sks12. Thus, SKS11/12 are required for pollen tube integrity, growth and guidance possibly by regulating the ROS level and cell wall polysaccharide deposition or remodeling in pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Limin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xueling Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Wanlei Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Nana Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mengjuan Tong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Weina Ge
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Normal University, Shijia Zhuang, Hebei, 050024, P.R. China
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20
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Cropano C, Manzanares C, Yates S, Copetti D, Do Canto J, Lübberstedt T, Koch M, Studer B. Identification of Candidate Genes for Self-Compatibility in Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:707901. [PMID: 34721449 PMCID: PMC8554087 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.707901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism preventing self-pollination in ~40% of plant species. Two multiallelic loci, called S and Z, control the gametophytic SI system of the grass family (Poaceae), which contains all major forage grasses. Loci independent from S and Z have been reported to disrupt SI and lead to self-compatibility (SC). A locus causing SC in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) was previously mapped on linkage group (LG) 5 in an F2 population segregating for SC. Using a subset of the same population (n = 68), we first performed low-resolution quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to exclude the presence of additional, previously undetected contributors to SC. The previously reported QTL on LG 5 explained 38.4% of the phenotypic variation, and no significant contribution from other genomic regions was found. This was verified by the presence of significantly distorted markers in the region overlapping with the QTL. Second, we fine mapped the QTL to 0.26 centimorgan (cM) using additional 2,056 plants and 23 novel sequence-based markers. Using Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) genome assembly as a reference, the markers flanking SC were estimated to span a ~3 Mb region encoding for 57 predicted genes. Among these, seven genes were proposed as relevant candidate genes based on their annotation and function described in previous studies. Our study is a step forward to identify SC genes in forage grasses and provides diagnostic markers for marker-assisted introgression of SC into elite germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cropano
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Deutsche Saatveredelung AG, Lippstadt, Germany
| | - Chloé Manzanares
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario Copetti
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Javier Do Canto
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | | | | | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Dong W, Wu D, Yan C, Wu D. Mapping and Analysis of a Novel Genic Male Sterility Gene in Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:639431. [PMID: 34539684 PMCID: PMC8442748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.639431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Seed production is critical for watermelon production, which mostly involves first-generation hybrid varieties. However, watermelon hybrid seed production currently requires complex procedures, including artificial isolation and pollination. Therefore, the development and use of a male-sterile system to generate watermelon hybrids can simplify the process. The scarcity of male-sterile watermelon germplasm resources necessitates the use of molecular breeding methods. Unfortunately, the genes responsible for male sterility in watermelon have not been cloned. Thus, the genetic basis of the male sterility remains unknown. In this study, two DNA pools derived from male-sterile and normal plants in the F2 population were used for whole-genome resequencing. The Illumina high-throughput sequencing resulted in 62.99 Gbp clean reads, with a Q30 of 80% after filtering. On the basis of the SNP index association algorithm, eight candidate regions (0.32 Mb) related to specific traits were detected on chromosome 6. Expression pattern analyses and watermelon transformation studies generated preliminary evidence that Cla006625 encodes a pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat protein (ClaPEX1) influencing the male sterility of watermelon. The identification and use of genic male sterility genes will promote watermelon male sterility research and lay the foundation for the efficient application of seed production technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dewei Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yan
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Defeng Wu
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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22
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Borassi C, Sede AR, Mecchia MA, Mangano S, Marzol E, Denita-Juarez SP, Salgado Salter JD, Velasquez SM, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases PERK5 and PERK12 are involved in pollen tube growth. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:2593-2607. [PMID: 34427925 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinases (PERKs) belong to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) superfamily known to be involved in many plant developmental processes. Here, we characterized two pollen-expressed PERKs from Arabidopsis thaliana, PERK5 and PERK12. Pollen tube growth was impaired in single and double perk5-1 perk12-1 loss of function mutants, with an impact on seed production. When the segregation was analysed, a male gametophytic defect was found, indicating that perk5-1 and perk12-1 mutants carry deficient pollen transmission. Furthermore, perk5-1 perk12-1 displayed an excessive accumulation of pectins and cellulose at the cell wall of the pollen tubes. Our results indicate that PERK5 and PERK12 are necessary for proper pollen tube growth, highlighting their role in cell wall assembly and reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana R Sede
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín A Mecchia
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina Mangano
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana Marzol
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina P Denita-Juarez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan D Salgado Salter
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIByNE-UBA CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello and ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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23
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Mishler-Elmore JW, Zhou Y, Sukul A, Oblak M, Tan L, Faik A, Held MA. Extensins: Self-Assembly, Crosslinking, and the Role of Peroxidases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:664738. [PMID: 34054905 PMCID: PMC8160292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.664738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The extensin (EXT) network is elaborated by the covalent intermolecular crosslinking of EXT glycoprotein monomers, and its proper assembly is important for numerous aspects of basic wall architecture and cellular defense. In this review, we discuss new advances in the secretion of EXT monomers and the molecular drivers of EXT network self-assembly. Many of the functions of EXTs are conferred through covalent crosslinking into the wall, so we also discuss the different types of known intermolecular crosslinks, the enzymes that are involved, as well as the potential for additional crosslinks that are yet to be identified. EXTs also function in wall architecture independent of crosslinking status, and therefore, we explore the role of non-crosslinking EXTs. As EXT crosslinking is upregulated in response to wounding and pathogen infection, we discuss a potential regulatory mechanism to control covalent crosslinking and its relationship to the subcellular localization of the crosslinking enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Abhijit Sukul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Mercedes Oblak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Li Tan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ahmed Faik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Michael A. Held
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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24
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Xanthopoulou A, Montero-Pau J, Picó B, Boumpas P, Tsaliki E, Paris HS, Tsaftaris A, Kalivas A, Mellidou I, Ganopoulos I. A comprehensive RNA-Seq-based gene expression atlas of the summer squash (Cucurbita pepo) provides insights into fruit morphology and ripening mechanisms. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:341. [PMID: 33980145 PMCID: PMC8114506 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Summer squash (Cucurbita pepo: Cucurbitaceae) are a popular horticultural crop for which there is insufficient genomic and transcriptomic information. Gene expression atlases are crucial for the identification of genes expressed in different tissues at various plant developmental stages. Here, we present the first comprehensive gene expression atlas for a summer squash cultivar, including transcripts obtained from seeds, shoots, leaf stem, young and developed leaves, male and female flowers, fruits of seven developmental stages, as well as primary and lateral roots. RESULTS In total, 27,868 genes and 2352 novel transcripts were annotated from these 16 tissues, with over 18,000 genes common to all tissue groups. Of these, 3812 were identified as housekeeping genes, half of which assigned to known gene ontologies. Flowers, seeds, and young fruits had the largest number of specific genes, whilst intermediate-age fruits the fewest. There also were genes that were differentially expressed in the various tissues, the male flower being the tissue with the most differentially expressed genes in pair-wise comparisons with the remaining tissues, and the leaf stem the least. The largest expression change during fruit development was early on, from female flower to fruit two days after pollination. A weighted correlation network analysis performed on the global gene expression dataset assigned 25,413 genes to 24 coexpression groups, and some of these groups exhibited strong tissue specificity. CONCLUSIONS These findings enrich our understanding about the transcriptomic events associated with summer squash development and ripening. This comprehensive gene expression atlas is expected not only to provide a global view of gene expression patterns in all major tissues in C. pepo but to also serve as a valuable resource for functional genomics and gene discovery in Cucurbitaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Xanthopoulou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE), Universitat de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Belén Picó
- Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV-UPV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Boumpas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
| | - Eleni Tsaliki
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
| | - Harry S. Paris
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Plant Genetics, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya‘ar Research Center, 3009500 Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | | | - Apostolos Kalivas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
| | - Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA (ex NAGREF), GR-57001 Thermi, Macedonia Greece
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25
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Zhou X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Guo J, Lin W, Van Norman JM, Qin Y, Zhu X, Yang Z. Membrane receptor-mediated mechano-transduction maintains cell integrity during pollen tube growth within the pistil. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1030-1042.e6. [PMID: 33756107 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Invasive or penetrative growth is critical for developmental and reproductive processes (e.g., pollen tube penetration of pistils) and disease progression (e.g., cancer metastasis and fungal hyphae invasion). The invading or penetrating cells experience drastic changes in mechanical pressure from the surroundings and must balance growth with cell integrity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis pollen tubes sense and/or respond to mechanical changes via a cell-surface receptor kinase Buddha's Paper Seal 1 (BUPS1) while emerging from compressing female tissues. BUPS1-defective pollen tubes fail to maintain cell integrity after emergence from these tissues. The mechano-transduction function of BUPS1 is established by using a microfluidic channel device mimicking the mechanical features of the in vivo growth path. BUPS1-based mechano-transduction activates Rho-like GTPase from Plant 1 (ROP1) GTPase to promote exocytosis that facilitates secretion of BUPS1's ligands for mechanical signal amplification and cell wall rigidification in pollen tubes. These findings uncover a membrane receptor-based mechano-transduction system for cells to cope with the physical challenges during invasive or penetrative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jingzhe Guo
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jaimie M Van Norman
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yuan Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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26
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Wollenweber TE, van Deenen N, Roelfs KU, Prüfer D, Gronover CS. Microscopic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Pollination Processes in Self-Incompatible Taraxacum koksaghyz. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030555. [PMID: 33809548 PMCID: PMC7998978 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The transition of the Russian dandelion Taraxacum koksaghyz (Asteraceae) to a profitable, alternative crop producing natural rubber and inulin requires the optimization of several agronomic traits, cultivation conditions and harvesting procedures to improve the yield. However, efficient breeding is hindered by the obligatory sexual outcrossing of this species. Several other asters have been investigated to determine the mechanism of self-incompatibility, but the underlying molecular basis remains unclear. We therefore investigated the self-pollination and cross-pollination of two compatible T. koksaghyz varieties (TkMS2 and TkMS3) by microscopy and transcriptomic analysis to shed light on the pollination process. Self-pollination showed typical sporophytic self-incompatibility characteristics, with the rare pollen swelling at the pollen tube apex. In contrast, cross-pollination was characterized by pollen germination and penetration of the stigma by the growing pollen tubes. RNA-Seq was used to profile gene expression in the floret tissue during self-pollination and cross-pollination, and the differentially expressed genes were identified. This revealed three candidates for the early regulation of pollination in T. koksaghyz, which can be used to examine self-incompatibility mechanisms in more detail and to facilitate breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassilo Erik Wollenweber
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Nicole van Deenen
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Kai-Uwe Roelfs
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Dirk Prüfer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Muenster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany; (T.E.W.); (N.v.D.); (D.P.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Christian Schulze Gronover
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49(0)251-83-24998
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27
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Strasser R, Seifert G, Doblin MS, Johnson KL, Ruprecht C, Pfrengle F, Bacic A, Estevez JM. Cracking the "Sugar Code": A Snapshot of N- and O-Glycosylation Pathways and Functions in Plants Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640919. [PMID: 33679857 PMCID: PMC7933510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental co-translational and/or post-translational modification process where an attachment of sugars onto either proteins or lipids can alter their biological function, subcellular location and modulate the development and physiology of an organism. Glycosylation is not a template driven process and as such produces a vastly larger array of glycan structures through combinatorial use of enzymes and of repeated common scaffolds and as a consequence it provides a huge expansion of both the proteome and lipidome. While the essential role of N- and O-glycan modifications on mammalian glycoproteins is already well documented, we are just starting to decode their biological functions in plants. Although significant advances have been made in plant glycobiology in the last decades, there are still key challenges impeding progress in the field and, as such, holistic modern high throughput approaches may help to address these conceptual gaps. In this snapshot, we present an update of the most common O- and N-glycan structures present on plant glycoproteins as well as (1) the plant glycosyltransferases (GTs) and glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) responsible for their biosynthesis; (2) a summary of microorganism-derived GHs characterized to cleave specific glycosidic linkages; (3) a summary of the available tools ranging from monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lectins to chemical probes for the detection of specific sugar moieties within these complex macromolecules; (4) selected examples of N- and O-glycoproteins as well as in their related GTs to illustrate the complexity on their mode of action in plant cell growth and stress responses processes, and finally (5) we present the carbohydrate microarray approach that could revolutionize the way in which unknown plant GTs and GHs are identified and their specificities characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika S. Doblin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kim L. Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Colin Ruprecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Pfrengle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant & Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- The Sino-Australia Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - José M. Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
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Two Expansin Genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5, Are Redundantly Required for Pollen Tube Growth and AtEXPA4 Is Involved in Primary Root Elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020249. [PMID: 33578704 PMCID: PMC7916401 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of plant cells is inseparable from relaxation and expansion of cell walls. Expansins are a class of cell wall binding proteins, which play important roles in the relaxation of cell walls. Although there are many members in expansin gene family, the functions of most expansin genes in plant growth and development are still poorly understood. In this study, the functions of two expansin genes, AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana. AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 displayed consistent expression patterns in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes, but AtEXPA4 also showed a high expression level in primary roots. Two single mutants, atexpa4 and atexpb5, showed normal reproductive development, whereas atexpa4atexpb5 double mutant was defective in pollen tube growth. Moreover, AtEXPA4 overexpression enhanced primary root elongation, on the contrary, knocking out AtEXPA4 made the growth of primary root slower. Our results indicated that AtEXPA4 and AtEXPB5 were redundantly involved in pollen tube growth and AtEXPA4 was required for primary root elongation.
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Somoza SC, Sede AR, Boccardo NA, Muschietti JP. Keeping up with the RALFs: how these small peptides control pollen-pistil interactions in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:14-18. [PMID: 32687662 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The pollen and pistil RALF peptides, along with multiple receptor-like kinases and leucine-rich repeat extensins, regulate pollen tube growth and the final burst within the ovule, where sperm cells are released for fertilisation to occur. This review introduces some new questions that arose about the regulation of this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía C Somoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), 2490 Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Ana R Sede
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), 2490 Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Noelia A Boccardo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), 2490 Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), 2490 Vuelta de Obligado, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
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30
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Cascallares M, Setzes N, Marchetti F, López GA, Distéfano AM, Cainzos M, Zabaleta E, Pagnussat GC. A Complex Journey: Cell Wall Remodeling, Interactions, and Integrity During Pollen Tube Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:599247. [PMID: 33329663 PMCID: PMC7733995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo a journey that starts in the stigma and ends in the ovule with the delivery of the sperm cells to achieve double fertilization. The pollen cell wall plays an essential role to accomplish all the steps required for the successful delivery of the male gametes. This extended path involves female tissue recognition, rapid hydration and germination, polar growth, and a tight regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification, as its properties change not only along the pollen tube but also in response to guidance cues inside the pistil. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cell wall synthesis and modification during pollen germination, pollen tube growth, and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriela Carolina Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CONICET, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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31
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Lin W, Yang Z. Unlocking the mechanisms behind the formation of interlocking pavement cells. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:142-154. [PMID: 33128897 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The leaf epidermal pavement cells with the puzzle-piece shape offer an attractive system for studying the mechanisms underpinning cell morphogenesis in a plant tissue. The formation of the interdigitated lobes and indentations in these interlocking cells relies on the integration of chemical and mechanical signals and cell-to-cell signals to establish interdigitated polar sites defining lobes and indentations. Recent computational and experimental studies have suggested new roles of cell walls, their interplay with mechanical signals, cell polarity signaling regulated by auxin and brassinosteriods, and the cytoskeleton in the regulation of pavement cell morphogenesis. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on these regulatory mechanisms behind pavement cell morphogenesis in plants and discusses how they could be integrated spatiotemporally to generate the interdigitated polarity patterns and the interlocking shape in pavement cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lin
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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32
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Beuder S, Dorchak A, Bhide A, Moeller SR, Petersen BL, MacAlister CA. Exocyst mutants suppress pollen tube growth and cell wall structural defects of hydroxyproline O-arabinosyltransferase mutants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:1399-1419. [PMID: 32391581 PMCID: PMC7496944 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
HYDROXYPROLINE O-ARABINOSYLTRANSFERASEs (HPATs) initiate a post-translational protein modification (Hyp-Ara) found abundantly on cell wall structural proteins. In Arabidopsis thaliana, HPAT1 and HPAT3 are redundantly required for full pollen fertility. In addition to the lack of Hyp-Ara in hpat1/3 pollen tubes (PTs), we also found broadly disrupted cell wall polymer distributions, particularly the conversion of the tip cell wall to a more shaft-like state. Mutant PTs were slow growing and prone to rupture and morphological irregularities. In a forward mutagenesis screen for suppressors of the hpat1/3 low seed-set phenotype, we identified a missense mutation in exo70a2, a predicted member of the vesicle-tethering exocyst complex. The suppressed pollen had increased fertility, fewer morphological defects and partially rescued cell wall organization. A transcriptional null allele of exo70a2 also suppressed the hpat1/3 fertility phenotype, as did mutants of core exocyst complex member sec15a, indicating that reduced exocyst function bypassed the PT requirement for Hyp-Ara. In a wild-type background, exo70a2 reduced male transmission efficiency, lowered pollen germination frequency and slowed PT elongation. EXO70A2 also localized to the PT tip plasma membrane, consistent with a role in exocyst-mediated secretion. To monitor the trafficking of Hyp-Ara modified proteins, we generated an HPAT-targeted fluorescent secretion reporter. Reporter secretion was partially dependent on EXO70A2 and was significantly increased in hpat1/3 PTs compared with the wild type, but was reduced in the suppressed exo70a2 hpat1/3 tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Beuder
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan1105 N. University AveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Alexandria Dorchak
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan1105 N. University AveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ashwini Bhide
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan1105 N. University AveAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Svenning Rune Moeller
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40København1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Bent L. Petersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 40København1871 Frederiksberg CDenmark
| | - Cora A. MacAlister
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Michigan1105 N. University AveAnn ArborMI48109USA
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33
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Herger A, Dünser K, Kleine-Vehn J, Ringli C. Leucine-Rich Repeat Extensin Proteins and Their Role in Cell Wall Sensing. Curr Biol 2020; 29:R851-R858. [PMID: 31505187 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides shape and physically limits cell expansion. To sense the environment and status of cell wall structures, plants have evolved cell wall integrity-sensing mechanisms that involve a number of receptors at the plasma membrane. These receptors can bind cell wall components and/or hormones to coordinate processes in the cell wall and the cytoplasm. This review focuses on the role of leucine-rich repeat extensins (LRXs) during cell wall development. LRXs are chimeric proteins that insolubilize in the cell wall and form protein-protein interaction platforms. LRXs bind RALF peptide hormones that modify cell wall expansion and also directly interact with the transmembrane receptor FERONIA, which is involved in cell growth regulation. LRX proteins, therefore, also represent a link between the cell wall and plasma membrane, perceiving extracellular signals and indirectly relaying this information to the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Herger
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kai Dünser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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34
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Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of extensin genes in tomato. Genomics 2020; 112:4348-4360. [PMID: 32712296 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Extensins (EXTs) are major protein components in plant cell walls that play crucial roles in higher plants. The function of EXTs has been reported in several plants but is limited in tomato, especially in fruit ripening. In this study, we identified 83 EXTs in tomato, and divided them into seven groups. The gene intron-exon structure and protein-motif composition of SlEXTs were similar within each group but different among groups. SlEXT genes showed different expression patterns in roots, leaves, flowers and fruits, and some SlEXT gene expressions in flowers could be regulated by treatments of auxin, gibberellic acid and jasmonic acid. In particular, SlSEXT8 had higher and increased expression during tomato fruit ripening, and its expression could be induced by ethylene, suggesting SlSEXT8 may be involved in tomato fruit softening. The result provides insights into the function of EXTs, and will facilitate to further study EXT roles in tomato fruit ripening.
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35
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Hocq L, Guinand S, Habrylo O, Voxeur A, Tabi W, Safran J, Fournet F, Domon JM, Mollet JC, Pilard S, Pau-Roblot C, Lehner A, Pelloux J, Lefebvre V. The exogenous application of AtPGLR, an endo-polygalacturonase, triggers pollen tube burst and repair. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:617-633. [PMID: 32215973 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall remodeling plays a key role in the control of cell elongation and differentiation. In particular, fine-tuning of the degree of methylesterification of pectins was previously reported to control developmental processes as diverse as pollen germination, pollen tube elongation, emergence of primordia or elongation of dark-grown hypocotyls. However, how pectin degradation can modulate plant development has remained elusive. Here we report the characterization of a polygalacturonase (PG), AtPGLR, the gene for which is highly expressed at the onset of lateral root emergence in Arabidopsis. Due to gene compensation mechanisms, mutant approaches failed to determine the involvement of AtPGLR in plant growth. To overcome this issue, AtPGLR has been expressed heterologously in the yeast Pichia pastoris and biochemically characterized. We showed that AtPGLR is an endo-PG that preferentially releases non-methylesterified oligogalacturonides with a short degree of polymerization (< 8) at acidic pH. The application of the purified recombinant protein on Amaryllis pollen tubes, an excellent model for studying cell wall remodeling at acidic pH, induced abnormal pollen tubes or cytoplasmic leakage in the subapical dome of the pollen tube tip, where non-methylesterified pectin epitopes are detected. Those leaks could either be repaired by new β-glucan deposits (mostly callose) in the cell wall or promoted dramatic burst of the pollen tube. Our work presents the full biochemical characterization of an Arabidopsis PG and highlights the importance of pectin integrity in pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Hocq
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Sophie Guinand
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4358, SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Tremplin I2C Carnot, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Habrylo
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Aline Voxeur
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Wafae Tabi
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Josip Safran
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Françoise Fournet
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4358, SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Tremplin I2C Carnot, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA 4358, SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Tremplin I2C Carnot, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMR INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOPI Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Picardie, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039, Amiens, France
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Zhu S, Martínez Pacheco J, Estevez JM, Yu F. Autocrine regulation of root hair size by the RALF-FERONIA-RSL4 signaling pathway. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:45-49. [PMID: 32083740 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Root hair (RH) size has vital physiological implications, since it influences the surface area of the root and thus the ability of the plant to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. Arabidopsis ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4), a bHLH transcription factor, controls the expression of hundreds of RH genes, and RSL4 expression itself can trigger ectopic RH growth. Recent studies reveal an autocrine mechanism governing plant RH cell growth in which the extracellular peptide RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR 1 (RALF1) and receptor FERONIA (FER) act as a central hub between the cell surface and downstream signaling events. RALF1-FER promotes the phosphorylation of eIF4E1. Then, phosphorylated eIF4E1 further regulates the synthesis of RH proteins, including RSL4, to promote RH growth. High levels of RSL4 exert a negative feedback on RALF1 expression via directly binding to the RALF1 gene promoter, slowing RH growth and determining final RH cell size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirui Zhu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Javier Martínez Pacheco
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires, CP C1405BWE, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello Santiago, Santiago, 8370186, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Feng Yu
- College of Biology, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, 410125, China
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37
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Zhao C, Jiang W, Zayed O, Liu X, Tang K, Nie W, Li Y, Xie S, Li Y, Long T, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu JK. The LRXs-RALFs-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by modulating multiple plant hormones. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa149. [PMID: 34691553 PMCID: PMC8288382 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental factor limiting plant growth and productivity. We recently discovered an important new salt tolerance pathway, where the cell wall leucine-rich repeat extensins LRX3/4/5, the RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides RALF22/23 and receptor-like kinase FERONIA (FER) function as a module to simultaneously regulate plant growth and salt stress tolerance. However, the intracellular signaling pathways that are regulated by the extracellular LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module to coordinate growth, cell wall integrity and salt stress responses are still unknown. Here, we report that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module negatively regulates the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Blocking JA pathway rescues the dwarf phenotype of the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, while disruption of ABA biosynthesis suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Many salt stress-responsive genes display abnormal expression patterns in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, as well as in the wild type plants treated with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an inhibitor of pectin methylesterases, suggesting cell wall integrity as a critical factor that determines the expression pattern of stress-responsive genes. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is constitutively increased in the lrx345 and fer-4 mutants, and inhibition of ROS accumulation suppresses the salt-hypersensitivity of these mutants. Together, our work provides strong evidence that the LRX3/4/5-RALF22/23-FER module controls plant growth and salt stress responses by regulating hormonal homeostasis and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Omar Zayed
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenfeng Nie
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yali Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shaojun Xie
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tiandan Long
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Linlin Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Key laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Herger A, Gupta S, Kadler G, Franck CM, Boisson-Dernier A, Ringli C. Overlapping functions and protein-protein interactions of LRR-extensins in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008847. [PMID: 32559234 PMCID: PMC7357788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth requires the coordinated expansion of the protoplast and the cell wall, which is controlled by an elaborate system of cell wall integrity (CWI) sensors linking the different cellular compartments. LRR-eXtensins (LRXs) are cell wall-attached extracellular regulators of cell wall formation and high-affinity binding sites for RALF (Rapid ALkalinization Factor) peptide hormones that trigger diverse physiological processes related to cell growth. LRXs function in CWI sensing and in the case of LRX4 of Arabidopsis thaliana, this activity was shown to involve interaction with the transmembrane CatharanthusroseusReceptor-Like Kinase1-Like (CrRLK1L) protein FERONIA (FER). Here, we demonstrate that binding of RALF1 and FER is common to most tested LRXs of vegetative tissue, including LRX1, the main LRX protein of root hairs. Consequently, an lrx1-lrx5 quintuple mutant line develops shoot and root phenotypes reminiscent of the fer-4 knock-out mutant. The previously observed membrane-association of LRXs, however, is FER-independent, suggesting that LRXs bind not only FER but also other membrane-localized proteins to establish a physical link between intra- and extracellular compartments. Despite evolutionary diversification of various LRX proteins, overexpression of several chimeric LRX constructs causes cross-complementation of lrx mutants, indicative of comparable functions among members of this protein family. Suppressors of the pollen-growth defects induced by mutations in the CrRLK1Ls ANXUR1/2 also alleviate lrx1 lrx2-induced mutant root hair phenotypes. This suggests functional similarity of LRX-CrRLK1L signaling processes in very different cell types and indicates that LRX proteins are components of conserved processes regulating cell growth. Cell growth in plants requires the coordinated enlargement of the cell and the surrounding cell wall, which is regulated by an elaborate system of cell wall integrity sensors, proteins involved in the exchange of information between the cell and the cell wall. In Arabidopsis thaliana, LRR-extensins (LRXs) are localized in the cell wall and bind RALF peptides, hormones that regulate cell growth-related processes. LRX4 also binds the plasma membrane-localized protein FERONIA (FER), thereby establishing a link between the cell and the cell wall. Here, we show that membrane association of LRX4 is not dependent on FER, suggesting that LRX4 binds other, so far unknown proteins. The LRR domain of several LRXs can bind to FER, consistent with the observation that mutations in multiple LRX genes are required to recapitulate a fer knock-out phenotype. Our results support the notion that LRX-FER interactions are key to proper cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Herger
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shibu Gupta
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabor Kadler
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Maria Franck
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Ringli
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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BIDHENDI A, CHEBLI Y, GEITMANN A. Fluorescence visualization of cellulose and pectin in the primary plant cell wall. J Microsc 2020; 278:164-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. BIDHENDI
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
| | - Y. CHEBLI
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
| | - A. GEITMANN
- Department of Plant ScienceMcGill UniversityMacdonald Campus Ste‐Anne‐de‐Bellevue Québec Canada
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Sede AR, Wengier DL, Borassi C, Estevez JM, Muschietti JP. Imaging and Analysis of the Content of Callose, Pectin, and Cellulose in the Cell Wall of Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes Grown In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2160:233-242. [PMID: 32529441 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0672-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To achieve fertilization, pollen tubes have to protect and properly deliver sperm cells through the pistil to the ovules. Pollen tube growth is a representative example of polarized growth where new components of the cell wall and plasma membrane are continuously deposited at the tip of the growing cell. The integrity of the cell wall is of fundamental importance to maintain apical growth. For this reason, pollen tube growth has become an excellent model to study the role of polysaccharides and structural cell wall proteins involved in polar cell expansion. However, quantification of structural polysaccharides at the pollen tube cell wall has been challenging due to technical complexity and the difficulty of finding specific dyes. Here, we propose simple methods for imaging and quantification of callose, pectin , and cellulose using specific dyes such as Aniline Blue, Propidium Iodide, and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Sede
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Hector Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego L Wengier
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Hector Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Borassi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL-IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir (FIL-IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Hector Torres" (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Guo J, Dong X, Li Y, Wang B. NaCl treatment markedly enhanced pollen viability and pollen preservation time of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa via up regulation of pollen development-related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:57-71. [PMID: 31654246 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable growth of halophytes has significantly increased through moderate salinity. However, little is known about the reproductive traits of euhalophytes. Male reproduction is pivotal for fertilization and seed production and sensitive to abiotic stressors. The pollen viability and pollen longevity of Suaeda salsa treated with 0 and 200 mM of NaCl were evaluated. It was revealed that the pollen size of S. salsa treated with NaCl was significantly bigger than that in controls. Furthermore, the pollen viability of S. salsa plants treated with NaCl was also significantly higher than that of control after 8 h of the pollens were collected (from 10 to 27 h). The pollen viability of NaCl-treated plants in the field could be maintained for 8 h (from 07:00 to 15:00) in sunny days, which was 1 h longer than that of control plants (from 07:00 to 14:00). Meanwhile, the pollen preservation time of NaCl-treated plants was 16 h at room temperature, which was 8 h longer than that of control plants. Genes related to pollen development, such as SsPRK3, SsPRK4, and SsLRX, exhibited high expression in the flowers of NaCl-treated plants. This indicated that NaCl markedly improved the pollen viability and preservation time via the increased expression of pollen development-related genes, and this benefits the population establishment of halophytes such as S. salsa in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiu Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, 250014, Shandong, China.
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Vogler H, Santos-Fernandez G, Mecchia MA, Grossniklaus U. To preserve or to destroy, that is the question: the role of the cell wall integrity pathway in pollen tube growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:131-139. [PMID: 31648148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cell-shape is defined by the cell wall, a complex network of polymers located outside the plasma membrane. During cell growth, cell wall properties have to be adjusted, assuring cell expansion without compromising cell integrity. Plasma membrane-located receptors sense cell wall properties, transducing extracellular signals into intracellular cascades through the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway that, in turn, leads to adjustments in the regulation and composition of the cell wall. Using pollen tube growth as a single celled model system, we describe the importance of RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides as sensors of cell wall integrity. RALF peptides can mediate the communication between cell wall components and plasma membrane-localized receptor-like kinases (RLKs) of the CrRLK1L family. The subsequent activation of intracellular pathways regulates H+, Ca2+, and ROS levels in the cell and apoplast, thereby modulating cell wall integrity. Interestingly, the RALF-CrRLK1L module and some of the components working up- and downstream of the RLK is conserved in many other developmental and physiological signaling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Vogler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gorka Santos-Fernandez
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin A Mecchia
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Ge Z, Zhao Y, Liu MC, Zhou LZ, Wang L, Zhong S, Hou S, Jiang J, Liu T, Huang Q, Xiao J, Gu H, Wu HM, Dong J, Dresselhaus T, Cheung AY, Qu LJ. LLG2/3 Are Co-receptors in BUPS/ANX-RALF Signaling to Regulate Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Integrity. Curr Biol 2019; 29:3256-3265.e5. [PMID: 31564495 PMCID: PMC7179479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, two sperm cells are transported and delivered by the pollen tube to the ovule to achieve double fertilization. Extensive communication takes place between the pollen tube and the female tissues until the sperm cell cargo is ultimately released. During this process, a pollen tube surface-located receptor complex composed of ANXUR1/2 (ANX1/2) and Buddha's Paper Seal 1/2 (BUPS1/2) was reported to control the maintenance of pollen tube integrity by perceiving the autocrine peptide ligands rapid alkalinization factor 4 and 19 (RALF4/19). It was further hypothesized that pollen-tube rupture to release sperm is caused by the paracrine RALF34 peptide from the ovule interfering with this signaling pathway. In this study, we identified two Arabidopsis pollen-tube-expressed glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), LORELEI-like-GPI-anchored protein 2 (LLG2) and LLG3, as co-receptors in the BUPS-ANX receptor complex. llg2 llg3 double mutants exhibit severe fertility defects. Mutant pollen tubes rupture early during the pollination process. Furthermore, LLG2 and LLG3 interact with ectodomains of both BUPSs and ANXURs, and this interaction is remarkably enhanced by the presence of RALF4/19 peptides. We further demonstrate that the N terminus (including a YISY motif) of the RALF4 peptide ligand interacts strongly with BUPS-ANX receptors but weakly with LLGs and is essential for its biological function, and its C-terminal region is sufficient for LLG binding. In conclusion, we propose that LLG2/3 serve as co-receptors during BUPS/ANX-RALF signaling and thereby further establish the importance of GPI-APs as key regulators in plant reproduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Liang-Zi Zhou
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lele Wang
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Saiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiahao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingpei Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hen-Ming Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, China.
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44
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Mechanisms of RALF peptide perception by a heterotypic receptor complex. Nature 2019; 572:270-274. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Pawełkowicz M, Pryszcz L, Skarzyńska A, Wóycicki RK, Posyniak K, Rymuszka J, Przybecki Z, Pląder W. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals new molecular pathways for cucumber genes related to sex determination. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:193-216. [PMID: 30719568 PMCID: PMC6500512 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-019-00362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome data and qPCR analysis revealed new insight into genes regulatory mechanism related to cucumber sex determination. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. Enhancing the genomic resources for cucumber may enable the regulation of traits relevant to crop productivity and quality. Sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools provide opportunities for the development of such resources. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize the genes involved in sex determination and flower morphogenesis in cucumber isogenic lines that differed regarding flower sex type. We obtained transcripts for 933 genes related to shoot apex development, among which 310 were differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the male, female, and hermaphroditic lines. We performed gene ontology and molecular network analyses and explored the DEGs related to already known processes like: hormone synthesis and signaling, lipid and sugar metabolism; and also newly discovered processes related to cell wall, membrane, and cytoskeleton modifications; ion homeostasis which appears to be important for ethylene perception and signaling, and genes expression mediated by transcription factors related to floral organ identities. We proposed a new model of regulatory mechanism network of sex development in cucumber. Our results may be useful for clarifying the molecular genetics and the functional mechanisms underlying the sex determination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pawełkowicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Leszek Pryszcz
- Laboratory of Zebrafish Developmental Genomics, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Ks. Trojdena 4, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Skarzyńska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał K Wóycicki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Philip Morris International R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A., 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Kacper Posyniak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Rymuszka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Przybecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pląder
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Ke S, Luan X, Liang J, Hung YH, Hsieh TF, Zhang XQ. Rice OsPEX1, an extensin-like protein, affects lignin biosynthesis and plant growth. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:151-161. [PMID: 30840202 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rice leucine-rich repeat extensin-like protein OsPEX1 mediates the intersection of lignin deposition and plant growth. Lignin, a major structural component of secondary cell wall, is essential for normal plant growth and development. However, the molecular and genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis is not fully understood in rice. Here we report the identification and characterization of a rice semi-dominant dwarf mutant (pex1) with stiff culm. Molecular and genetic analyses revealed that the pex1 phenotype was caused by ectopic expression of a leucine-rich repeat extension-like gene, OsPEX1. Interestingly, the pex1 mutant showed significantly higher lignin content and increased expression levels of lignin-related genes compared with wild type plants. Conversely, OsPEX1-suppresssed transgenics displayed low lignin content and reduced transcriptional abundance of genes associated with lignin biosynthesis, indicating that the OsPEX1 mediates lignin biosynthesis and/or deposition in rice. When OsPEX1 was ectopically expressed in rice cultivars with tall stature that lacks the allele of semi-dwarf 1, well-known green revolution gene, the resulting transgenic plants displayed reduced height and enhanced lodging resistance. Our study uncovers a causative effect between the expression of OsPEX1 and lignin deposition. Lastly, we demonstrated that modulating OsPEX1 expression could provide a tool for improving rice lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Ke
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiayan Liang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yu-Hung Hung
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Tzung-Fu Hsieh
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
| | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Grassland Science, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Johnson MA, Harper JF, Palanivelu R. A Fruitful Journey: Pollen Tube Navigation from Germination to Fertilization. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:809-837. [PMID: 30822112 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen tubes undergo tip growth to deliver two nonmotile sperm to the ovule where they fuse with an egg and central cell to achieve double fertilization. This extended journey involves rapid growth and changes in gene activity that manage compatible interactions with at least seven different cell types. Nearly half of the genome is expressed in haploid pollen, which facilitates genetic analysis, even of essential genes. These unique attributes make pollen an ideal system with which to study plant cell-cell interactions, tip growth, cell migration, the modulation of cell wall integrity, and gene expression networks. We highlight the signaling systems required for pollen tube navigation and the potential roles of Ca2+ signals. The dynamics of pollen development make sexual reproduction highly sensitive to heat stress. Understanding this vulnerability may generate strategies to improve seed crop yields that are under threat from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA;
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
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Ge Z, Cheung AY, Qu LJ. Pollen tube integrity regulation in flowering plants: insights from molecular assemblies on the pollen tube surface. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:687-693. [PMID: 30556141 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 687 I. Introduction 687 II. Pollen tube membrane-localized receptors coordinate cell integrity and sperm release 689 III. RALF peptides mediate autocrine and paracrine signaling 689 IV. ROS and ion channel signaling mediate intracellular response 690 V. Involvements from pollen tube cell wall components 690 VI. Concluding remarks 691 Acknowledgements 692 Author contributions 692 References 692 SUMMARY: Unlike in animals, sperm in flowering plants are immotile and they are embraced as passive cargoes by a pollen tube which embarks on a long journey in the pistil to deliver them to the female gametophyte for fertilization. How the pollen tube switches from a rapid polarized growth towards its target to an abrupt disintegration for sperm cell release inside the female gametophyte is puzzling. Recent studies have shown that members of the Catharanthus roseus RLK1-like (CrRLK1L) receptor kinase family and their ligands, 5-kDa cysteine-rich peptide rapid alkalinization factors (RALFs), engage in an intricate balancing act involving autocrine and paracrine signaling to maintain pollen tube growth and induce timely tube rupture at the spatially confined pollen tube-female gametophyte interface. Here, we review recent progress related to pollen tube integrity control, mainly focusing on the molecular understanding of signaling as well as intracellular signaling nodes in Arabidopsis. Some missing links and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Alice Y Cheung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular and Cell Biology Program, Plant Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing, 100101, China
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49
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Ponvert N, Goldberg J, Leydon A, Johnson MA. Iterative subtraction facilitates automated, quantitative analysis of multiple pollen tube growth features. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2019; 32:45-54. [PMID: 30543045 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-00351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, successful reproduction and generation of seed depends on the delivery of immotile sperm to female gametes via the pollen tube. As reproduction in flowering plants is the cornerstone of our agricultural industry, there is a need to uncover the genes, small molecules, and environmental conditions that affect pollen tube growth dynamics. However, methods for measuring pollen tube phenotypes are labor intensive, and suffer from a tradeoff between workload and resolution. To approach these problems, we use an image analysis technique called Automated Stack Iterative Subtraction (ASIST). Our tool converts growing pollen tube tips into closed particles, making the automated simultaneous extraction of multiple pollen tube phenotypes from hundreds of individual cells tractable via existing particle identification technology. Here we use our tool to analyze growth dynamics of pollen tubes in vitro, and semi in vivo. We show that ASIST provides a framework for robust, high throughput analysis of pollen tube growth behaviors in populations of cells, thus facilitating pollen tube phenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Ponvert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jacob Goldberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Alexander Leydon
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
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Dehors J, Mareck A, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Lehner A, Mollet JC. Evolution of Cell Wall Polymers in Tip-Growing Land Plant Gametophytes: Composition, Distribution, Functional Aspects and Their Remodeling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:441. [PMID: 31057570 PMCID: PMC6482432 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During evolution of land plants, the first colonizing species presented leafy-dominant gametophytes, found in non-vascular plants (bryophytes). Today, bryophytes include liverworts, mosses, and hornworts. In the first seedless vascular plants (lycophytes), the sporophytic stage of life started to be predominant. In the seed producing plants, gymnosperms and angiosperms , the gametophytic stage is restricted to reproduction. In mosses and ferns, the haploid spores germinate and form a protonema, which develops into a leafy gametophyte producing rhizoids for anchorage, water and nutrient uptakes. The basal gymnosperms (cycads and Ginkgo) reproduce by zooidogamy. Their pollen grains develop a multi-branched pollen tube that penetrates the nucellus and releases flagellated sperm cells that swim to the egg cell. The pollen grain of other gymnosperms (conifers and gnetophytes) as well as angiosperms germinates and produces a pollen tube that directly delivers the sperm cells to the ovule (siphonogamy). These different gametophytes, which are short or long-lived structures, share a common tip-growing mode of cell expansion. Tip-growth requires a massive cell wall deposition to promote cell elongation, but also a tight spatial and temporal control of the cell wall remodeling in order to modulate the mechanical properties of the cell wall. The growth rate of these cells is very variable depending on the structure and the species, ranging from very slow (protonemata, rhizoids, and some gymnosperm pollen tubes), to a slow to fast-growth in other gymnosperms and angiosperms. In addition, the structural diversity of the female counterparts in angiosperms (dry, semi-dry vs wet stigmas, short vs long, solid vs hollow styles) will impact the speed and efficiency of sperm delivery. As the evolution and diversity of the cell wall polysaccharides accompanied the diversification of cell wall structural proteins and remodeling enzymes, this review focuses on our current knowledge on the biochemistry, the distribution and remodeling of the main cell wall polymers (including cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins, callose, arabinogalactan-proteins and extensins), during the tip-expansion of gametophytes from bryophytes, pteridophytes (lycophytes and monilophytes), gymnosperms and the monocot and eudicot angiosperms.
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