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Song F, Zheng D, Feng J, Liu J, Ye T, Li Z, Wang K, Liu SF, Yang D. Mechanical Durability and Flexibility in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Advancements and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312041. [PMID: 38219020 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable progress in perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology has witnessed a remarkable leap in efficiency within the past decade. As this technology continues to mature, flexible PSCs (F-PSCs) are emerging as pivotal components for a wide array of applications, spanning from powering portable electronics and wearable devices to integrating seamlessly into electronic textiles and large-scale industrial roofing. F-PSCs characterized by their lightweight, mechanical flexibility, and adaptability for cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing, hold immense commercial potential. However, the persistent concerns regarding the overall stability and mechanical robustness of these devices loom large. This comprehensive review delves into recent strides made in enhancing the mechanical stability of F-PSCs. It covers a spectrum of crucial aspects, encompassing perovskite material optimization, precise crystal grain regulation, film quality enhancement, strategic interface engineering, innovational developed flexible transparent electrodes, judicious substrate selection, and the integration of various functional layers. By collating and analyzing these dedicated research endeavors, this review illuminates the current landscape of progress in addressing the challenges surrounding mechanical stability. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the persistent obstacles and bottlenecks that demand attention and innovative solutions in the field of F-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dexu Zheng
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiangshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jishuang Liu
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- China National Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Huanjiang Laboratory, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Zhuji, 311800, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Wang S, Tian H, Wang Y, Zuo H, Tao C, Liu J, Li P, Yang Y, Kou X, Wang J, Kang W. Ruptured liquid metal microcapsules enabling hybridized silver nanowire networks towards high-performance deformable transparent conductors. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38477150 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Extensive studies have been carried out on silver nanowires (AgNWs) in view of their impressive conductivity and highly flexible one-dimensional structure. They are seen as a promising choice for producing deformable transparent conductors. Nonetheless, the widespread adoption of AgNW-based transparent conductors is hindered by critical challenges represented by the significant contact resistance at the nanowire junctions and inadequate interfacial adhesion between the nanowires and the substrate. This study presents a novel solution to tackle the aforementioned challenges by capitalizing on liquid metal microcapsules (LMMs). Upon exposure to acid vapor, the encapsulated LMMs rupture, releasing the fluid LM which then forms a metallic overlay and hybridizes with the underlying Ag network. As a result, a transparent conductive film with greatly enhanced electrical and mechanical properties was obtained. The transparent conductor displays negligible resistance variation even after undergoing chemical stability, adhesion, and bending tests, and ultrasonic treatment. This indicates its outstanding adhesion strength to the substrate and mechanical flexibility. The exceptional electrical properties and robust mechanical stability of the transparent conductor position it as an ideal choice for direct integration into flexible touch panels and wearable strain sensors, as evidenced in this study. By resolving the critical challenges in this field, the proposed strategy establishes a compelling roadmap to navigate the development of high-performance AgNW-based transparent conductors, setting a solid foundation for further advancement in the field of deformable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Huaisen Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yawen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Haojie Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
| | - Chengliang Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiawei Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Pengyuan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xu Kou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Wenbin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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3
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Yang J, Chang L, Zhang X, Cao Z, Jiang L. Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:140. [PMID: 38436830 PMCID: PMC10912071 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demonstrated significant potential in advancing technological devices. However, achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomaterials, enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive functionalities, remains a formidable challenge. Here, we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids, which enables the fabrication of highly stable, flexible, and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure. The utilization of hydrophobic and nonvolatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water, effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface. Furthermore, the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior, enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film. The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4 Ω sq-1 and 93% transmittance, but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility. Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices. This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziquan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Nanomics Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Binzhou, 256600, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Xiong S, Fukuda K, Nakano K, Lee S, Sumi Y, Takakuwa M, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Du B, Yokota T, Zhou Y, Tajima K, Someya T. Waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics with improved interface adhesion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:681. [PMID: 38302472 PMCID: PMC10834485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultraflexible organic photovoltaics have emerged as a potential power source for wearable electronics owing to their stretchability and lightweight nature. However, waterproofing ultraflexible organic photovoltaics without compromising mechanical flexibility and conformability remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate waterproof and ultraflexible organic photovoltaics through the in-situ growth of a hole-transporting layer to strengthen interface adhesion between the active layer and anode. Specifically, a silver electrode is deposited directly on top of the active layers, followed by thermal annealing treatment. Compared with conventional sequentially-deposited hole-transporting layers, the in-situ grown hole-transporting layer exhibits higher thermodynamic adhesion between the active layers, resulting in better waterproofness. The fabricated 3 μm-thick organic photovoltaics retain 89% and 96% of their pristine performance after immersion in water for 4 h and 300 stretching/releasing cycles at 30% strain under water, respectively. Moreover, the ultraflexible devices withstand a machine-washing test with such a thin encapsulation layer, which has never been reported. Finally, we demonstrate the universality of the strategy for achieving waterproof solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xiong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinyoung Lee
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Sumi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Takakuwa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Baocai Du
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan.
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5
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Huang T, Zhang Z, Liao Q, Wang D, Zhang Y, Geng S, Guan H, Cao Z, Huang Y, Zhang J. Achieved 18.9% Efficiency by Fine-Tuning Non-Fullerene Acceptor Content to Simultaneously Increase the Short-Circuit Current and Fill Factor of Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303399. [PMID: 37505478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, using PM6:L8-BO as the main system and non-fullerene acceptor IDIC as the third component, a series of ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) are fabricated. The results reveal that IDIC plays a significant role in enhancing the performance of TOSCs by optimizing the morphology of blended films and forming interpenetrating nanostructure. The improved film morphology facilitates exciton dissociation and collection in TOSCs, which causes an increase in the short-circuit current density (JSC ) and fill factor (FF). Further, by optimizing the IDIC content, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TOSCs reaches 18.9%. Besides, the prepared TOSCs exhibit a JSC of 27.51 mA cm-2 and FF of 76.64%, which are much higher than those of PM6:L8-BO-based organic solar cells (OSCs). Furthermore, the addition of IDIC improves the long-term stability of the OSCs. Meanwhile, TOSCs with a large effective area of 1.00 cm2 have been prepared, which exhibit a PCE of 12.4%. These findings suggest that modifying the amount of the third component can be a useful strategy to construct hight-efficiency TOSCs with practical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhuan Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Zheling Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Qiaogan Liao
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Geng
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Hao Guan
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Ziliang Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Yu Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Electronic Information Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, P. R. China
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6
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Soultati A, Verouti M, Polydorou E, Armadorou KK, Georgiopoulou Z, Palilis LC, Karatasios I, Kilikoglou V, Chroneos A, Coutsolelos AG, Argitis P, Vasilopoulou M. Efficient and Stable Air-Processed Ternary Organic Solar Cells Incorporating Gallium-Porphyrin as an Electron Cascade Material. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2800. [PMID: 37887950 PMCID: PMC10609146 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Two gallium porphyrins, a tetraphenyl GaCl porphyrin, termed as (TPP)GaCl, and an octaethylporphyrin GaCl porphyrin, termed as (OEP)GaCl, were synthesized to use as an electron cascade in ternary organic bulk heterojunction films. A perfect matching of both gallium porphyrins' energy levels with that of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) or poly[N-9'-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) polymer donor and the 6,6-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) fullerene acceptor, forming an efficient cascade system that could facilitate electron transfer between donor and acceptor, was demonstrated. Therefore, ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) using the two porphyrins in various concentrations were fabricated where a performance enhancement was obtained. In particular, (TPP)GaCl-based ternary OSCs of low concentration (1:0.05 vv%) exhibited a ~17% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared with the binary device due to improved exciton dissociation, electron transport and reduced recombination. On the other hand, ternary OSCs with a high concentration of (TPP)GaCl (1:0.1 vv%) and (OEP)GaCl (1:0.05 and 1:0.1 vv%) showed the poorest efficiencies due to very rough nanomorphology and suppressed crystallinity of ternary films when the GaCl porphyrin was introduced to the blend, as revealed from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The best performing devices also exhibited improved photostability when exposed to sunlight illumination for a period of 8 h than the binary OSCs, attributed to the suppressed photodegradation of the ternary (TPP)GaCl 1:0.05-based photoactive film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Verouti
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patra, Greece
| | - Ermioni Polydorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina-Kalliopi Armadorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Georgiopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
- Solid State Physics Section, Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Karatasios
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kilikoglou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Chroneos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece
- Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes Campus, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Argitis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece
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7
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Li X, Yu H, Liu Z, Huang J, Ma X, Liu Y, Sun Q, Dai L, Ahmad S, Shen Y, Wang M. Progress and Challenges Toward Effective Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:206. [PMID: 37651002 PMCID: PMC10471566 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The demand for building-integrated photovoltaics and portable energy systems based on flexible photovoltaic technology such as perovskite embedded with exceptional flexibility and a superior power-to-mass ratio is enormous. The photoactive layer, i.e., the perovskite thin film, as a critical component of flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs), still faces long-term stability issues when deformation occurs due to encountering temperature changes that also affect intrinsic rigidity. This literature investigation summarizes the main factors responsible for the rapid destruction of F-PSCs. We focus on long-term mechanical stability of F-PSCs together with the recent research protocols for improving this performance. Furthermore, we specify the progress in F-PSCs concerning precise design strategies of the functional layer to enhance the flexural endurance of perovskite films, such as internal stress engineering, grain boundary modification, self-healing strategy, and crystallization regulation. The existing challenges of oxygen-moisture stability and advanced encapsulation technologies of F-PSCs are also discussed. As concluding remarks, we propose our viewpoints on the large-scale commercial application of F-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongjie Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixuan Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Letian Dai
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, University of Basque Country Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Yan Shen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingkui Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Fan Q, Fan H, Li K, Hou C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H. Stretchable, Electrochemically-Stable Electrochromic Devices Based on Semi-Embedded Ag@Au Nanowire Network. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2208234. [PMID: 36866459 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202208234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electrochromic (EC) devices that can adapt the irregular and dynamic human surfaces show promising applications in wearable display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, challenges exist in lacking transparent conductive electrodes with both tensile and electrochemical stability to assemble the complex device structure and endure harsh electrochemical redox reactions. Herein, a wrinkled, semi-embedded Ag@Au nanowire (NW) networks are constructed on elastomer substrates to fabricate stretchable, electrochemically-stable conductive electrodes. The stretchable EC devices are then fabricated by sandwiching a viologen-based gel electrolyte between two conductive electrodes with the semi-embedded Ag@Au NW network. Because the inert Au layer inhibits the oxidation of Ag NWs, the EC device exhibits much more stable color changes between yellow and green than those with pure Ag NW networks. In addition, since the wrinkled semi-embedded structure is deformable and reversibly stretched without serious fractures, the EC devices still maintain excellent color-changing stability under 40% stretching/releasing cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchao Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Fan
- Instrumental Analysis & Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Yaogang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Glasses Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
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9
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Zeng G, Li H, Tan F, Xin Y, Zhang S. A narrow band gap non-fullerene electron acceptor based on a dithieno-3,2- b:2',3'-dlpyrrole unit for high performance organic solar cells with minimal highest occupied molecular orbital offset. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14703-14711. [PMID: 37197679 PMCID: PMC10183802 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01021j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, a new narrow band gap non-fullerene small molecular acceptor (NFSMA) based on a dithieno-3,2-b:2',3'-dlpyrrole(DTP) unit, namely SNIC-F, was designed and synthesized. Due to the strong electron-donating ability of the DTP-based fused-ring core, SNIC-F showed a strong intramolecular-charge transfer (ICT) effect and thus gave a narrow band gap of 1.32 eV. Benefiting from the low band gap and efficient charge separation, when pairing with a copolymer PBTIBDTT, the device optimized by 0.5% 1-CN gave a high short circuit current (Jsc) of 19.64 mA cm-2. In addition, a high open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.83 V was obtained due to the near 0 eV highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) offset between PBTIBDTT and SNIC-F. As a result, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.25% was obtained, and the PCE was maintained above 9.2% as the active layer thickness increased from 100 nm to 250 nm. Our work indicated that designing a narrow band gap NFSMA-based DTP unit and blending it with a polymer donor with small HOMO offset is an efficient strategy for achieving high performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Hanming Li
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Shenzhen China Star Optoelectronics Semiconductor Display Technology Company Ltd Shenzhen 518132 P. R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University 22 Dongcheng village Jiangmen 529020 P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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10
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Bian M, Qian Y, Cao H, Huang T, Ren Z, Dai X, Zhang S, Qiu Y, Si R, Yang L, Yin S. Chemically Welding Silver Nanowires toward Transferable and Flexible Transparent Electrodes in Heaters and Double-Sided Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13307-13318. [PMID: 36880523 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are important materials for flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs). However, the loose stacking of nanowire junctions greatly affects the electric conductivity across adjacent nanowires. Soldering can effectively reduce the wire-wire contact resistance of AgNWs by epitaxially depositing nanosolders at the junctions, but the process normally needs to be performed with high energy consumption. In this work, we proposed a simple room-temperature method to achieve precise welding of junctions by adjusting the wettability of the soldered precursor solution on the surfaces of AgNWs. The nanoscale welding at nanowire cross junctions forms efficient conductive networks. Furthermore, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to improve the stability of FTEs by wrapping the rGO around the AgNW surface. The obtained FTE shows a figure-of-merit (FoM) of up to 439.3 (6.5 Ω/sq at a transmittance of 88%) and has significant bending stability and environmental and acidic stability. A flexible transparent heater was successfully constructed, which could reach up to 160 °C within a short response time (43 s) and exhibit excellent switching stability. When laminating this FTE onto half perovskite solar cells as the top electrodes, the obtained double-side devices achieved power conversion efficiencies as high as 16.15% and 13.91% from each side, pointing out a convenient method for fabricating double-sided photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Bian
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yicheng Qian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Huanqi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Zhixin Ren
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Dai
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Shifu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Rongmei Si
- Tianjin Baoxingwei Technology Co. Ltd., Economic Development Zone of Baodi District, Tianjin 301800, PR China
| | - Liying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Shougen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Materials and Devices & National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
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11
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Meng L, Wang W, Xu B, Qin J, Zhang K, Liu H. Solution-Processed Flexible Transparent Electrodes for Printable Electronics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4180-4192. [PMID: 36826227 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) have been widely witnessed in various printable electronic devices, especially those involving light. So far, solution processes have demonstrated increasing advantages in preparing FTEs not only in their mild operation conditions and high-throughput but also in the diversity in micropatterning conductive nanomaterials into networks. For the FTEs, both high transparency and high conductivity are desirable, which therefore create requirements for the conductive network by considering the trade-off relationship between the coverage and the micropatterns of the network. In addition, the conductive networks also affect the flexibility of FTEs due to the deformation during bending/stretching. Consequently, solution processes capable of micropatterning conductive nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanowires/polymers, and graphene/MXene play a crucial role in determining the performance of FTEs. Here, we reviewed recent research progress on solution-processed FTEs, including the solution processes, the solution-processable conductive nanomaterials and the substrates for making FTEs, and applications of FTEs in flexible electronics. Finally, we proposed several perspective outlooks of the FTEs, which aim at not only the enhanced performance but also the performances in extreme conditions and in integration. We believe that the review would offer inspiration for developing functional FTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Meng
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Bojie Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ji Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Kejie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Ji Hua Laboratory, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Research Institute for Frontier Science, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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12
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Toral-Lopez A, Pérez MM, Rodríguez-Águila AB, Cardona JC, Ionescu AM, Godoy A. Investigation of the Optical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Thin Films by Double Integration Sphere Combined with the Numerical IAD Method. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1425. [PMID: 36837057 PMCID: PMC9967440 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Transparent conductive electrodes have become essential components of numerous optoelectronic devices. However, their optical properties are typically characterized by the direct transmittance achieved by making use of spectrophotometers, avoiding an in-depth knowledge of the processes involved in radiation attenuation. A different procedure based on the Double Integration Sphere combined with the numerical Inverse Adding-Doubling (IAD) method is employed in this work to provide a comprehensive description of the physical processes limiting the light transmittance in commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited on flexible PET samples, highlighting the noticeable contribution of light scattering on the total extinction of radiation. Moreover, harnessing their flexibility, the samples were subjected to different mechanical stresses to assess their impact on the material's optical and electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Toral-Lopez
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - María M. Pérez
- Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Juan C. Cardona
- Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M. Ionescu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials Optics, Department of Optics, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Andres Godoy
- Pervasive Electronics Advanced Research Laboratory (PEARL), Department of Electronics and Computer Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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13
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Kim JW, Chung SI, Kim PK, Ha TG, Yeop J, Lee W, Rasool S, Kim JY. Mechanically Stable Flexible Organic Photovoltaics with Silver Nanomesh for Indoor Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5378-5386. [PMID: 36670528 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced device performance of flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) was achieved according to the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). OSCs are promising candidates as energy sources for low-power supply systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT) under indoor lighting environments. To apply FOSCs to flexible or wearable applications, they must be mechanically stable. In this study, we fabricated FOSCs with silver nanomesh (AgNM) as the bottom transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Instead of indium tin oxide (ITO), AgNMs were prepared using three pitches of 25, 50, and 100 μm with a square pattern, using a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate. Notably, the device using AgNMs with a pitch of 25 μm exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.93% under 1 sun illumination and 17.91% under 1000 lux of light-emitting diode (LED) light conditions. Flexible devices using AgNMs maintained over 92% of their initial PCE under 1 sun illumination (PCE decreased to 12.98 from 14.04%) and over 92% when tested under 1000 lux of LED light illumination (PCE decreased to 16.57 from 17.91%) after 1000 instances of bending. These results demonstrate the advantages of using AgNMs as an alternative TCE under both 1 sun and indoor lightning environments and are promising candidates for flexible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Chung
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Pan Kyeom Kim
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Ha
- Nano Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Miryang50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Yeop
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Lee
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Shafket Rasool
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan44919, Republic of Korea
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14
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Wang J, Liang X, Xie J, Yin X, Chen J, Gu T, Mo Y, Zhao J, Liu S, Yu D, Zhang J, Hou L. Complete Solution-Processed Semitransparent and Flexible Organic Solar Cells: A Success of Polyimide/Ag-Nanowires- and PH1000-Based Electrodes with Plasmonic Enhanced Light Absorption. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12223987. [PMID: 36432273 PMCID: PMC9693524 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have been widely studied due to the advantages of easy fabrication, low cost, light weight, good flexibility and sufficient transparency. In this work, flexible and semitransparent OSCs were successfully fabricated with the adoption of both polyimide/silver nanowires (PI/AgNW) and a conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS named PH1000 as the transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs). It is demonstrated that PI/AgNW is more suitable as a cathode rather than an anode in the viewpoint of its work function, photovoltaic performance, and simulations of optical properties. It is also found that the light incidence from PH1000 TCE can produce more plasmonic-enhanced photon absorption than the PI/AgNW electrode does, resulting in more high power conversion efficiency. Moreover, a high light transmittance of 33.8% and a decent efficiency of 3.88% are achieved for the whole all-flexible semitransparent device with only 9% decrease of resistance in PI/AgNW after 3000 bending cycles. This work illustrates that PI/AgNW has great potential and bright prospect in large-area OSC applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangfei Liang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Xie
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinhao Chen
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tianfu Gu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yueqi Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shumei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Lintao Hou
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Vacuum Coating Technologies and New Energy Materials, Siyuan Laboratory, Physics Department, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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15
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Biswas S, Lee Y, Jang H, Han S, Kim H. Improved mechanical stability of indium zinc tin oxide based flexible transparent electrode through interlayer treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Biswas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4) University of Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4) University of Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Jang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4) University of Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Selim Han
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4) University of Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea
- AI Robot R&D Department Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) Ansan South Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Smart Sensor System of Seoul (CS4) University of Seoul Seoul Republic of Korea
- Central Business, SENSOMEDI Cheongju‐si Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sensor System, SENSOMEDI, Seoul Biohub Seoul Republic of Korea
- Energy Flex Seoul Republic of Korea
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16
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Lu JH, Li Z, Chen JH, Li SL, He JH, Gu S, Liu BW, Chen L, Wang YZ. Adaptable Phosphate Networks towards Robust, Reprocessable, Weldable, and Alertable-Yet-Extinguishable Epoxy Vitrimer. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9846940. [PMID: 36299449 PMCID: PMC9575472 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9846940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) combine the uniqueness of thermoplastics and thermosets to allow for reprocessability while being covalently crosslinked. However, it is highly desirable but rarely achieved for CANs to simultaneously demonstrate reversibility and mechanical robustness. Herein, we report a feasible strategy to develop a novel epoxy vitrimer (EV) composed of adaptable phosphate networks (APNs), by which the EVs exhibit promising mechanical properties (tensile strength of 62.5 ~ 87.8 MPa and tensile modulus of 1360.1 ~ 2975.3 MPa) under ambient conditions. At elevated temperatures, the topology rearrangement occurs relied on phosphate transesterification, which contributes to the shape memory performance, self-healing, reprocessing, and welding behaviors. Moreover, the incorporation of APNs allows for improvements in anti-ignition and also the inhibition of both heat release and smoke generation to avoid empyrosis, asphyxiation, and toxication during burning, showing expected intrinsic fire safety. Thermal, mechanical properties, and flame retardancy of the reprocessed EVs after hot pressing are very close to those of the original EVs, which is attributed to the sufficient reversibility of APNs. Accordingly, combining the aforementioned features, EVs are manufactured as flame-triggered switches for fire alarms, which symbolizes the innovative development of high-performance covalent adaptable polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jia-Hui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shu-Liang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jie-Hao He
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Song Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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17
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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18
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Meng X, Xing Z, Hu X, Chen Y. Large-area Flexible Organic Solar Cells: Printing Technologies and Modular Design. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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19
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Kwon NY, Park SH, Lee Y, Kong GD, Chau HD, Yoon HJ, Woo HY, Hoang MH, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Uniform Silver Nanowire Patterned Electrode on Robust PEN Substrate Using Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) Underlayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34909-34917. [PMID: 35839207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are among the most essential flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) emerging as promising alternatives to brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The polymer comprising the plastic substrate to which the AgNWs are applied must also satisfy the mechanical requirements of the final device and withstand the device processing conditions. However, AgNW-based FTEs have some limitations, such as poor adhesion to coated plastic substrates, surface roughness, and difficulty in patterning. This study demonstrates a new strategy for creating AgNW-based patterned flexible poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalate) (PEN)-based electrodes with appreciable optical and electrical properties. Introducing poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) on the PEN substrate enhanced the adhesion between the substrate and AgNWs and improved the dispersibility of the AgNWs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) and a small amount of 2,4-hexadiyne-1,6-diol as a photosensitizer were coated onto the AgNW layer to improve the surface roughness and achieve an effective electrode pattern. By varying the AgNW concentration, we could tune the density and thickness of the AgNWs to optimize the sheet resistance and transmittance. Optimized AgNWs with a sheet resistance of 22.6 Ω/□ and transmittance of 92.3% at 550 nm were achieved. A polymer solar cell (PSC) was fabricated to evaluate the characteristics of the device employing the flexible electrodes. This PSC showed not only a high power conversion efficiency of 11.20%, similar to that of ITO-based devices, but also excellent mechanical stability, which is difficult to achieve in ITO-based flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yeon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Gyu Don Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hong Diem Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hyo Jae Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Mai Ha Hoang
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11072, Vietnam
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea
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20
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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21
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Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Fang J, Zhao C, Li W. Mechanically and Ultraviolet Light Stable Ultrathin Organic Solar Cell via Semi-Embedding Silver Nanowires in a Hydrogen Bonds-Based Polyimide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200432. [PMID: 35866519 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrathin organic solar cells (OSCs) with both high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability are of great significance for the industrial applications but still challenging. Here, we synthesized a polyimide (PI) substrate for high-performance and stable ultrathin OSCs, which was physically crosslinked via strong hydrogen bonds (denoted as HB-PI) to enhance the mechanical, thermal, solvent-resistant, and UV filtering properties (with a cut-off wavelength of 376 nm). An ultrathin flexible transparent composite electrode (FTCE, ∼7 μm) was fabricated via semi-embedding AgNWs in the HB-PI substrate. The FTCE possesses excellent optoelectronic property, smooth surface, and high mechanical stability simultaneously. Based on this FTCE, an ultrathin OSC was constructed with a PCE of 13.52% (average of 13.22%). Moreover, the ultrathin OSC showed outstanding mechanical stability (PCE decreased by less than 4% after 1000 bending cycles at a small bending radius of 0.5 mm) and superior UV light stability (no evident PCE degradation after irradiation under UV light for 10 h). This work will provide a new avenue for fabricating high-performance and stable ultrathin OSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yupu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jie Fang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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22
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Yu H, Wang Y, Kim HK, Wu X, Li Y, Yao Z, Pan M, Zou X, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhao D, Huang F, Lu X, Zhu Z, Yan H. A Vinylene-Linker-Based Polymer Acceptor Featuring a Coplanar and Rigid Molecular Conformation Enables High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells with Over 17% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200361. [PMID: 35315948 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
State-of-art Y-series polymer acceptors are typically based on a mono-thiophene linker, which can cause some twisted molecular conformations and thus limit the performance of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Here, a high-performance polymer acceptor based on vinylene linkers is reported, which leads to surprising changes in the polymers' molecular conformations, optoelectronic properties, and enhanced photovoltaic performance. It is found that the polymer acceptors based on thiophene or bithiophene linkers (PY-T-γ and PY-2T-γ) display significant molecular twisting between end-groups and linker units, while the vinylene-based polymer (PY-V-γ) exhibits a more coplanar and rigid molecular conformation. As a result, PY-V-γ demonstrates a better conjugation and tighter interchain stacking, which results in higher mobility and a reduced energetic disorder. Furthermore, detailed morphology investigations reveal that the PY-V-γ-based blend exhibits high domain purity and thus a better fill factor in its all-PSCs. With these, a higher efficiency of 17.1% is achieved in PY-V-γ-based all-PSCs, which is the highest efficiency reported for binary all-PSCs to date. This work demonstrates that the vinylene-linker is a superior unit to build polymer acceptors with more coplanar and rigid chain conformation, which is beneficial for polymer aggregation and efficient all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Ha Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zefan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinhui Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jianquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University Beijing, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9, Yuexing 1st RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- eFlexPV Limited (Foshan), Guicheng Street, Nanhai District, Foshan, 528200, China
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23
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Liu YF, Gao XM, Li YF. Editorial: Recent Advances in Micro-Nanostructured Optoelectronic Devices. Front Chem 2022; 10:920807. [PMID: 35720992 PMCID: PMC9201209 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.920807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yue-Feng Liu,
| | - Xiu-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin, China
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24
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Silver nanowire flexible transparent electrode toward commercialization. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Liu Y, Liu B, Ma CQ, Huang F, Feng G, Chen H, Hou J, Yan L, Wei Q, Luo Q, Bao Q, Ma W, Liu W, Li W, Wan X, Hu X, Han Y, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Li Y, Chen Y, Tang Z, Hu Z, Zhang ZG, Bo Z. Recent progress in organic solar cells (Part II device engineering). Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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A-π-A structured non-fullerene acceptors for stable organic solar cells with efficiency over 17%. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Chen Y, Wan J, Xu G, Wu X, Li X, Shen Y, Yang F, Ou X, Li Y, Li Y. “Reinforced concrete”-like flexible transparent electrode for organic solar cells with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Fernández-Castro M, Truer J, Espindola-Rodriguez M, Andreasen JW. Environmentally Friendly and Roll-Processed Flexible Organic Solar Cells Based on PM6:Y6. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.885138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic Solar Cells (OSCs) have reached the highest efficiencies using lab-scale device manufacturing on active areas far below 0.1 cm2. The most used fabrication technique is spin-coating, which has poor potential for upscaling and substantial material waste. This tends to widen the so-called “lab-to-fab gap”, which is one of the most important challenges to make OSCs competitive. Other techniques such as blade or slot-die coating are much more suitable for roll-to-roll manufacturing, which is one of the advantages the technology presents due to the huge potential for fast and low-cost fabrication of flexible OSCs. However, only a few studies report solar cells using these fabrication techniques, especially applied on a roll-platform. Additionally, for environmentally friendly large area OSCs, inks based on non-hazardous solvent systems are needed. In this work, slot-die coating has been chosen to coat a PM6:Y6 active layer, using o-xylene, a more environmentally friendly alternative than halogenated solvents, and without additives. The optimal coating process is defined through fine-tuning of the coating parameters, such as the drying temperature and solution concentration. Moreover, ternary devices with PCBM, and fully printed devices are also fabricated. Power conversion efficiencies of 6.3% and 7.2% are achieved for binary PM6:Y6 and ternary PM6:Y6:PCBM devices measured with an aperture area of ∼0.4 cm2 (total device area ∼0.8 cm2).
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29
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Xu Y, Lin Z, Wei W, Hao Y, Liu S, Ouyang J, Chang J. Recent Progress of Electrode Materials for Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:117. [PMID: 35488940 PMCID: PMC9056588 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) have attracted enormous interest in wearable and portable electronics due to their high power-per-weight and low cost. Flexible and efficient perovskite solar cells require the development of flexible electrodes compatible with the optoelectronic properties of perovskite. In this review, the recent progress of flexible electrodes used in FPSCs is comprehensively reviewed. The major features of flexible transparent electrodes, including transparent conductive oxides, conductive polymer, carbon nanomaterials and nanostructured metallic materials are systematically compared. And the corresponding modification strategies and device performance are summarized. Moreover, flexible opaque electrodes including metal films, opaque carbon materials and metal foils are critically assessed. Finally, the development directions and difficulties of flexible electrodes are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xu
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Hao
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Ouyang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Discipline Laboratory of Wide Band Gap Semiconductor Technology, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Xidian University, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi'an, 710071, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Zeng G, Chen W, Chen X, Hu Y, Chen Y, Zhang B, Chen H, Sun W, Shen Y, Li Y, Yan F, Li Y. Realizing 17.5% Efficiency Flexible Organic Solar Cells via Atomic-Level Chemical Welding of Silver Nanowire Electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8658-8668. [PMID: 35469397 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solution processable flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) are urgently needed to boost the efficiency and mechanical stability of flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) on a large scale. However, how to balance the optoelectronic properties and meanwhile achieve robust mechanical behavior of FTEs is still a huge challenge. Silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes, exhibiting easily tuned optoelectronic/mechanical properties, are attracting considerable attention, but their poor contacts at the junction site of the AgNWs increase the sheet resistance and reduce mechanical stability. In this study, an ionic liquid (IL)-type reducing agent containing Cl- and a dihydroxyl group was employed to control the reduction process of silver (Ag) in AgNW-based FTEs precisely. The Cl- in the IL regulates the Ag+ concentration through the formation and dissolution of AgCl, whereas the dihydroxyl group slowly reduces the released Ag+ to form metal Ag. The reduced Ag grew in situ at the junction site of the AgNWs in a twin-crystal growth mode, facilitating an atomic-level contact between the AgNWs and the reduced Ag. This enforced atomic-level contact decreased the sheet resistance, and enhanced the mechanical stability of the FTEs. As a result, the single-junction flexible OSCs based on this chemically welded FTE achieved record power conversion efficiencies of 17.52% (active area: 0.062 cm2) and 15.82% (active area: 1.0 cm2). These flexible devices also displayed robust bending and peeling durability even under extreme test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Zeng
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yin Hu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiu Shen
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yaowen Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor-Optoelectronics Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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31
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Zheng X, Zuo L, Zhao F, Li Y, Chen T, Shan S, Yan K, Pan Y, Xu B, Li CZ, Shi M, Hou J, Chen H. High-Efficiency ITO-Free Organic Photovoltaics with Superior Flexibility and Upscalability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200044. [PMID: 35236010 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with upscaling capacity is of great significance for practical applications of OPVs. Unfortunately, the efficiencies of the corresponding devices lag far behind those of ITO-based rigid small-area counterparts. To address this issue, an advanced device configuration is designed and fabricated featuring a top-illuminated structure with ultrathin Ag as the transparent electrode. First, a conjugated polyelectrolyte layer, i.e., PCP-Li, is inserted to effectively connect the bottom Ag anode and the hole transport layer, achieving good photon to electron conversion. Second, charge collecting grids are deposited to suppress the increased resistance loss with the upscaling of the device area, realizing almost full retention of device efficiency from 0.06 to 1 cm2 . Third, the designed device delivers the best efficiency of 15.56% with the area of 1 cm2 on polyimide substrate, representing as the record among the ITO-free, large-area, flexible OPVs. Interestingly, the device exhibits no degradation after 100 000 bending cycles with a radius of 4 mm, which is the best result for flexible OPVs. This work provides insight into device structure design and optimization for OPVs with high efficiency, low cost, superior flexibility, and upscaling capacity, indicating the potential for the future commercialization of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Kangrong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Youwen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Wan J, Fan X, Li Y, Li P, Zhang T, Hui KN, Huang H, Kang K, Qian L. High-Efficiency Flexible Organic Photovoltaics and Thermoelectricities Based on Thionyl Chloride Treated PEDOT:PSS Electrodes. Front Chem 2022; 9:807538. [PMID: 35299781 PMCID: PMC8921085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.807538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers have received tremendous attentions owing to their great potentials to harvest both luminous and thermal energies. Here, we reported a flexible transparent electrode of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with highly electrical conductivity and raised Seebeck coefficient via thionyl chloride treatments. The comprehensive studies of optical, electrical, morphological, structural, and thermoelectrical properties, work function, and stability of the PEDOT:PSS transparent electrodes were systematically evaluated and described. On the basis of the PEDOT:PSS transparent electrodes, the resultant flexible organic solar cells yielded a high power conversion efficiency of 15.12%; meanwhile, the flexible thermoelectricities exhibited the raised power factor of 115.9 μW m−1 K−2, which outperformed the four kinds of rigid thermoelectricities with conventional acid and base treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanyong Wan
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Fan
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Fan, ; Ting Zhang,
| | - Yunfei Li
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Fan, ; Ting Zhang,
| | - Kwun Nam Hui
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Huihui Huang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Kang
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Division of Functional Materials and Nanodevices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
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33
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Xiong S, Fukuda K, Lee S, Nakano K, Dong X, Yokota T, Tajima K, Zhou Y, Someya T. Ultrathin and Efficient Organic Photovoltaics with Enhanced Air Stability by Suppression of Zinc Element Diffusion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105288. [PMID: 35064778 PMCID: PMC8922108 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin (thickness less than 10 µm) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) can be applied to power soft robotics and wearable electronics. In addition to high power conversion efficiency, stability under various environmental stresses is crucial for the application of ultrathin OPVs. In this study, the authors realize highly air-stable and ultrathin (≈3 µm) OPVs that possess high efficiency (15.8%) and an outstanding power-per-weight ratio of 33.8 W g-1 . Dynamic secondary-ion mass spectrometry is used to identify Zn diffusion from the electron transport layer zinc oxide (ZnO) to the interface of photoactive layer; this diffusion results in the degradation of the ultrathin OPVs in air. The suppression of the Zn diffusion by a chelating strategy results in stable ultrathin OPVs that maintain 89.6% of their initial efficiency after storage for 1574 h in air at room temperature under dark conditions and 92.4% of their initial efficiency after annealing for 172 h at 85 °C in air under dark conditions. The lightweight and stable OPVs also possess excellent deformability with 87.3% retention of the initial performance after 5000 cycles of a compressing-stretching test with 33% compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xiong
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
- Thin‐Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Shinyoung Lee
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Xinyun Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Takao Someya
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
- Thin‐Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information SystemsThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Liu Z, Mao Q, Wang J, Wu F, Zhou D, Cheng Y, Huang S, Huang B, Yang C, Chen L. Exploiting Novel Unfused-Ring Acceptor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells with Record Open-Circuit Voltage and Fill Factor. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102563. [PMID: 34964305 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unfused-ring acceptors (UFAs) show bright application prospects in organic solar cells (OSCs) thanks to their easy synthesis, low cost, and good device performance. The selection of central-core building block and suitable side chain are the key factors to achieve high-performance UFAs. Current tremendous endeavors for the development of UFAs mainly concentrate on obtaining higher short-circuit current density (Jsc ), albeit accompanied by low open-circuit voltage (Voc ) and modest fill factor (FF). Herein, two novel A-D-A'-D-A type UFAs (BTCD-IC and BTCD-2FIC), which have the same new electron-withdrawing central-core dithieno[3',2':3,4;2'',3'':5,6]-benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadia-zole (DTBT) and cyclopentadithiophene unit (CPDT, substituted by 2-butyl-1-octyl alkyl chain) coupling with different terminals, were designed and synthesized. Two UFAs showed strong and broad light absorption in the wavelength range of 300-850 nm owing to the strong intramolecular charge transfer effect favorable by DTBT core. Compared with BTCD-IC, BTCD-2FIC with F-containing terminal group exhibited higher molar extinction coefficient, lower energy level, higher charge mobility, stronger crystallinity, more ordered molecular stacking, and better film morphology. As a result, when blended with donor polymer PBDB-T (poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene)-co-(1,3-di(5-thiophene-2-yl)-5,7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']-dithiophene-4,8-dione)]), the BTCD-2FIC-based OSC achieved a superior power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.32 %, with a high Voc of 0.85 V, a Jsc of 18.24 mA cm-2 , and a FF of 73 %, than BTCD-IC-based OSC (PCE=8.96 %). Impressively, the simultaneously enhanced Voc and FF values of the PBDB-T:BTCD-2FIC device were the highest values of the A-D-A'-D-A-type UFAs. The results demonstrate the application of electron-withdrawing DTBT central-core unit in efficient UFAs provides meaningful molecular design guidance for high-performance OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoji Liu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Mao
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Cheng
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Shaorong Huang
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, 156 Ke Jia Road, Ganzhou, 341000, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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Zhao Y, Cheng P, Yang H, Wang M, Meng D, Zhu Y, Zheng R, Li T, Zhang A, Tan S, Huang T, Bian J, Zhan X, Weiss PS, Yang Y. Towards High-Performance Semitransparent Organic Photovoltaics: Dual-Functional p-Type Soft Interlayer. ACS NANO 2022; 16:1231-1238. [PMID: 34932319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have drawn significant attention for their promising potential in the field of building integrated photovoltaics such as energy-generating greenhouses. However, the conflict between the need to attain satisfying average visible transmittances for greenhouse applications and the need to maintain high power conversion efficiencies is limiting the commercialization of semitransparent OPVs. A major manifestation of this issue is the undermining of charge carrier extraction efficiency when opaque, visible-light-absorbing electrodes are substituted with semitransparent ones. Here, we incorporated a dual-function p-type compatible interlayer to modify the interface of the hole-transporting layer and the ultrathin electrode of the semitransparent devices. We find that the p-type interlayer not only enhances the charge carrier extraction of the electrode but also increases the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 400-450 nm, which covers most of the photosynthetic absorption spectrum. The modified semitransparent devices reach a power conversion efficiency of 13.7% and an average visible transmittance of 22.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hangbo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Minhuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian, 116024, China
| | | | | | | | - Tengfei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Jiming Bian
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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36
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Xue P, Cheng P, Han RPS, Zhan X. Printing fabrication of large-area non-fullerene organic solar cells. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:194-219. [PMID: 34679154 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01317c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on a bulk heterojunction structure exhibit inherent advantages, such as low cost, light weight, mechanical flexibility, and easy processing, and they are emerging as a potential renewable energy technology. However, most studies are focused on lab-scale, small-area (<1 cm2) devices. Large-area (>1 cm2) OSCs still exhibit considerable efficiency loss during upscaling from small-area to large-area, which is a big challenge. In recent years, along with the rapid development of high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, many researchers have focused on developing large-area non-fullerene-based devices and modules. There are three essential issues in upscaling OSCs from small-area to large-area: fabrication technology, equipment development, and device component processing strategy. In this review, the challenges and solutions in fabricating high-performance large-area OSCs are discussed in terms of the abovementioned three aspects. In addition, the recent progress of large-area OSCs based on non-fullerene electron acceptors is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Xue
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ray P S Han
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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37
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Yoo D, Kim S, Cho W, Park J, Kim J. Hydroprinting Technology to Transfer Ultrathin, Transparent, and Double-Sided Conductive Nanomembranes for Multiscale 3D Conformal Electronics. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100869. [PMID: 35041271 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transparent multiscale 3D conformal electronics using hydroprinting with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sacrificial layer to transfer networks of silver nanowires (AgNWs) without a carrier layer is developed. However, AgNWs are known to disperse on water surfaces during the transfer process. Therefore, a functional film is developed by simultaneously welding and embedding AgNWs in the PVA through a simple one-step thermal pressing, demonstrating that ultrathin, transparent, and double-sided conductive/patterned nanomembranes with welded AgNWs can float on water without dispersion. The nanomembrane with an excellent figure of merit of 1200, a low sheet resistance of 16.2 Ω sq-1 , and a high transmittance of 98.17% achieves conformal contact with excellent step surface coverage of complex macro- and microstructures because of its nanoscale thickness (54.39 nm) and numerous deformable micro- and nanopores. Furthermore, the double-sided conductive nanomembranes facilitate wiring and layer-by-layer assembly, regardless of the transfer direction of the surface. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a nanomembrane-based aneurysm sensor is developed. Its high transparency enables coil embolization, and the sensor can measure the pushing force of the coil within an aneurysm in an endovascular simulator. Moreover, this newly developed hydroprinting technology provides a new method for the fabrication of transparent multiscale 3D conformal electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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38
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Xie C, Xiao C, Jiang X, Liang S, Liu C, Zhang Z, Chen Q, Li W. Miscibility-Controlled Mechanical and Photovoltaic Properties in Double-Cable Conjugated Polymer/Insulating Polymer Composites. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Shijie Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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39
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Huang Q, Zhu Y. Patterning of Metal Nanowire Networks: Methods and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60736-60762. [PMID: 34919389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the advance in flexible and stretchable electronics, one-dimensional nanomaterials such as metal nanowires have drawn much attention in the past 10 years or so. Metal nanowires, especially silver nanowires, have been recognized as promising candidate materials for flexible and stretchable electronics. Owing to their high electrical conductivity and high aspect ratio, metal nanowires can form electrical percolation networks, maintaining high electrical conductivity under deformation (e.g., bending and stretching). Apart from coating metal nanowires for making large-area transparent conductive films, many applications require patterned metal nanowires as electrodes and interconnects. Precise patterning of metal nanowire networks is crucial to achieve high device performances. Therefore, a high-resolution, designable, and scalable patterning of metal nanowire networks is important but remains a critical challenge for fabricating high-performance electronic devices. This review summarizes recent advances in patterning of metal nanowire networks, using subtractive methods, additive methods of nanowire dispersions, and printing methods. Representative device applications of the patterned metal nanowire networks are presented. Finally, challenges and important directions in the area of the patterning of metal nanowire networks for device applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695, North Carolina, United States
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40
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Yuan T, Li J, Wang S. Composited Film of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and Graphene Oxide as Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3895. [PMID: 34833194 PMCID: PMC8625582 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to lower the cost and stability of the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) for industrial application. The commonly used hole transport materials (HTMs) such as Spiro-OMeTAD, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) are very expensive. Here, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomers are in-situ polymerized on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) as PEDOT-GO film. Compared to frequently used polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS), GO avoids the corrosion of the perovskite and the use of H2O solvent. The composite PEDOT-GO film is between carbon pair electrode and perovskite layer as hole transport layer (HTL). The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) is 14.09%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Shimin Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
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41
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Printable and stable all-polymer solar cells based on non-conjugated polymer acceptors with excellent mechanical robustness. Sci China Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-021-1094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Ding S, Ma R, Yang T, Zhang G, Yin J, Luo Z, Chen K, Miao Z, Liu T, Yan H, Xue D. Boosting the Efficiency of Non-fullerene Organic Solar Cells via a Simple Cathode Modification Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51078-51085. [PMID: 34665602 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a simple yet effective method to significantly improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of highly efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells by mixing two electron transport materials. The new electron transport layer shows an energy level better aligned with the active layer and an improved morphology that could reduce the active layer-electrode contact. These improvements lead to enhanced charge extraction, better charge selectivity, suppressed exciton recombination, and finally a boosted PCE in the PM6:Y6-based solar cells. When applied in conjunction with the non-halogenated solvent-processed PM6:PY-IT-based active layer, the mixed ETL also gives rise to a leading result for binary all-polymer solar cells (PCE of >16%) with a concurrent increase in VOC, JSC, and FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ding
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Junli Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology-Shenzhen Research Institute, No. 9 Yuexing first RD, Hi-tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- Multiscale Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Bellani S, Bartolotta A, Agresti A, Calogero G, Grancini G, Di Carlo A, Kymakis E, Bonaccorso F. Solution-processed two-dimensional materials for next-generation photovoltaics. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11870-11965. [PMID: 34494631 PMCID: PMC8559907 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00106j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the ever-increasing energy demand scenario, the development of novel photovoltaic (PV) technologies is considered to be one of the key solutions to fulfil the energy request. In this context, graphene and related two-dimensional (2D) materials (GRMs), including nonlayered 2D materials and 2D perovskites, as well as their hybrid systems, are emerging as promising candidates to drive innovation in PV technologies. The mechanical, thermal, and optoelectronic properties of GRMs can be exploited in different active components of solar cells to design next-generation devices. These components include front (transparent) and back conductive electrodes, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting/recombination layers, as well as photoactive layers. The production and processing of GRMs in the liquid phase, coupled with the ability to "on-demand" tune their optoelectronic properties exploiting wet-chemical functionalization, enable their effective integration in advanced PV devices through scalable, reliable, and inexpensive printing/coating processes. Herein, we review the progresses in the use of solution-processed 2D materials in organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, quantum dot solar cells, and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, as well as in tandem systems. We first provide a brief introduction on the properties of 2D materials and their production methods by solution-processing routes. Then, we discuss the functionality of 2D materials for electrodes, photoactive layer components/additives, charge transporting layers, and interconnecting layers through figures of merit, which allow the performance of solar cells to be determined and compared with the state-of-the-art values. We finally outline the roadmap for the further exploitation of solution-processed 2D materials to boost the performance of PV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Bellani
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonino Bartolotta
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calogero
- CNR-IPCF, Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Via F. Stagno D'alcontres 37, 98158 Messina, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE - Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- L.A.S.E. - Laboratory for Advanced Solar Energy, National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 119049 Leninskiy Prosect 6, Moscow, Russia
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos 71410 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- BeDimensional S.p.A., Via Lungotorrente Secca 30R, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, via Moreogo 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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44
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Li P, Kang Z, Rao F, Lu Y, Zhang Y. Nanowelding in Whole-Lifetime Bottom-Up Manufacturing: From Assembly to Service. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100654. [PMID: 34927947 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The continuous miniaturization of microelectronics is pushing the transformation of nanomanufacturing modes from top-down to bottom-up. Bottom-up manufacturing is essentially the way of assembling nanostructures from atoms, clusters, quantum dots, etc. The assembly process relies on nanowelding which also existed in the synthesis process of nanostructures, construction and repair of nanonetworks, interconnects, integrated circuits, and nanodevices. First, many kinds of novel nanomaterials and nanostructures from 0D to 1D, and even 2D are synthesized by nanowelding. Second, the connection of nanostructures and interfaces between metal/semiconductor-metal/semiconductor is realized through low-temperature heat-assisted nanowelding, mechanical-assisted nanowelding, or cold welding. Finally, 2D and 3D interconnects, flexible transparent electrodes, integrated circuits, and nanodevices are constructed, functioned, or self-healed by nanowelding. All of the three nanomanufacturing stages follow the rule of "oriented attachment" mechanisms. Thus, the whole-lifetime bottom-up manufacturing process from the synthesis and connection of nanostructures to the construction and service of nanodevices can be organically integrated by nanowelding. The authors hope this review can bring some new perspective in future semiconductor industrialization development in the expansion of multi-material systems, technology pathway for the refined design, controlled synthesis and in situ characterization of complex nanostructures, and the strategies to develop and repair novel nanodevices in service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Kang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Feng Rao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Nanomanufacturing Laboratory (NML), Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Materials and Technologies, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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45
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Qin F, Sun L, Chen H, Liu Y, Lu X, Wang W, Liu T, Dong X, Jiang P, Jiang Y, Wang L, Zhou Y. 54 cm 2 Large-Area Flexible Organic Solar Modules with Efficiency Above 13. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103017. [PMID: 34369026 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Development of large-area flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) is highly desirable for their practical applications. However, the efficiency of the large-area flexible OSCs severely lags behind small-area devices. Here, efficient large-area flexible single cells with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.1% and 12.6% for areas of 6 and 10 cm2 , and flexible modules with a PCE of 13.2% (54 cm2 ) based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)/Ag grid/silver nanowires (AgNWs):zinc-chelated polyethylenimine (PEI-Zn) composite electrodes are reported. The solution-processed flexible transparent electrode of AgNWs:PEI-Zn shows low surface roughness and good optoelectronic and mechanical properties. PEI-Zn is conductive and optically transparent. It can adhere to and wrap the AgNWs under electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged surface (AgNWs) and positively charged protonated amine groups (in PEI-Zn). It wraps the AgNWs networks and fills the void space to achieve a smooth surface. The flexible electrode is validated in both flexible OSCs and flexible quantum-dots light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Small-area flexible OSCs show a PCE of 16.1%, and flexible QLEDs show an external quantum efficiency of 13.3%. In the end, a flexible module is demonstrated to charge a mobile phone as a flexible power source (shown in Video S1, Supporting Information).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongting Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinyun Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Youyu Jiang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yinhua Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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46
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Xie C, Jiang X, Zhu Q, Wang D, Xiao C, Liu C, Ma W, Chen Q, Li W. Mechanical Robust Flexible Single-Component Organic Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100481. [PMID: 34928045 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the advantages of being lightweight and compatible with surfaces with different deformations, flexible organic solar cells (OSCs) have broad scopes of applications, including wearable electronics and portable devices. Most flexible OSCs focus on the two-component bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) photo-active layers, but they usually suffer from degradation problems both in efficiency and mechanical durability derived from the limited phase stability under mechanical and thermal stress. Whereas, single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on the double-cable conjugated polymer are supposed to possess excellent mechanical robustness and long-term stability. Here, the first flexible SCOSCs based on a double-cable polymer are fabricated on a transparent silver nanowires (AgNWs) electrode on a plastic foil. Impressively, the obtained flexible SCOSCs exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.21%. The flexible SCOSCs are further demonstrated to possess superior mechanical robustness (>95% retention after 1000 bending cycles) and storage stability (>97% retention after 430 h in nitrogen atmosphere) compared to several BHJ-type flexible OSCs. The pseudo-free-standing tensile test and morphology investigation are conducted to reveal the distinction in mechanical durability of the single-component polymer film and the BHJ-type films. Besides, ultraflexible SCOSCs are also fabricated, indicating the application prospect and superiority in flexible devices and wearable electronic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qinglian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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47
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High-Performance Flexible Transparent Electrodes Fabricated via Laser Nano-Welding of Silver Nanowires. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag-NWs), which possess a high aspect ratio with superior electrical conductivity and transmittance, show great promise as flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for future electronics. Unfortunately, the fabrication of Ag-NW conductive networks with low conductivity and high transmittance is a major challenge due to the ohmic contact resistance between Ag-NWs. Here we report a facile method of fabricating high-performance Ag-NW electrodes on flexible substrates. A 532 nm nanosecond pulsed laser is employed to nano-weld the Ag-NW junctions through the energy confinement caused by localized surface plasmon resonance, reducing the sheet resistance and connecting the junctions with the substrate. Additionally, the thermal effect of the pulsed laser on organic substrates can be ignored due to the low energy input and high transparency of the substrate. The fabricated FTEs demonstrate a high transmittance (up to 85.9%) in the visible band, a low sheet resistance of 11.3 Ω/sq, high flexibility and strong durability. The applications of FTEs to 2D materials and LEDs are also explored. The present work points toward a promising new method for fabricating high-performance FTEs for future wearable electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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48
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Wang Z, Di Virgilio L, Yao Z, Yu Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li Q, Lu Y, Zou L, Wang HI, Wang X, Wang J, Pei J. Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin‐Film Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ze‐Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zi‐Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang‐Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qi‐Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621999 China
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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49
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Wang ZY, Di Virgilio L, Yao ZF, Yu ZD, Wang XY, Zhou YY, Li QY, Lu Y, Zou L, Wang HI, Wang XY, Wang JY, Pei J. Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin-Film Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20483-20488. [PMID: 34235851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of solution aggregates on the charge transport process of conjugated polymers in electronic devices has gained increasing attention; however, the correlation of the charge carrier mobilities between the solution aggregates and the solid-state films remains elusive. Herein, three polymers, FBDOPV-2T, FBDOPV-2F2T, and FBDOPV-4F2T, are designed and synthesized with distinct aggregation behavior in solution. By combining contact-free ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and field-effect transistor measurements, we track the charge carrier mobility of the aggregates of these polymers from the solution to the thin-film state. Remarkably, the mobility of these three polymers is found to follow nearly the same trend (FBDOPV-2T>FBDOPV-2F2T≫FBDOPV-4F2T) in both solutions and thin-film states. The quantitative mobility correlation indicates that the charge transport properties of solution aggregates play a critical role in determining the thin-film charge transport properties and final device performance. Our results highlight the importance of investigating and controlling solution aggregation structures towards efficient organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zi-Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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50
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Ma C, Liu YF, Bi YG, Zhang XL, Yin D, Feng J, Sun HB. Recent progress in post treatment of silver nanowire electrodes for optoelectronic device applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:12423-12437. [PMID: 34259675 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02917g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the economical and practical solution synthesis and coating strategies, silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been considered as one of the most suitable alternative materials to replace commercial indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes. The primitive AgNW electrode cannot meet the requirements for preparing high performance optoelectronic devices due to its high contact resistance, large surface roughness and poor stability. Thus, various post-treatments for AgNW film optimization are needed before its actual applications, such as welding treatment to decrease contact resistance and passivation to increase film stability. This review investigates recent progress on the preparation and optimization of AgNWs. Moreover, some unique fabrication strategies to produce highly oriented AgNW films with unique anisotropic properties have also been carried out with detailed analysis. The representative devices based on the AgNW electrode have been summarized and discussed at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China.
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