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Kuryk L, Mathlouthi S, Wieczorek M, Gad B, Rinner B, Malfanti A, Mastrotto F, Salmaso S, Caliceti P, Garofalo M. Priming with oncolytic adenovirus followed by anti-PD-1 and paclitaxel treatment leads to improved anti-cancer efficacy in the 3D TNBC model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 199:114300. [PMID: 38697488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered one of the most incurable malignancies due to its clinical characteristics, including high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, proneness to relapse, and poor prognosis. Therefore, it remains a critical unmet medical need. On the other hand, poor delivery efficiency continues to reduce the efficacy of anti-cancer therapeutics developed against solid tumours using various strategies, such as genetically engineered oncolytic vectors used as nanocarriers. The study was designed to evaluate the anti-tumour efficacy of a novel combinatorial therapy based on oncolytic adenovirus AdV5/3-D24-ICOSL-CD40L with an anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab) and paclitaxel (PTX). Here, we first tested the antineoplastic effect in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) breast cancer models in MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7 cells. Then, to further evaluate the efficacy of combinatorial therapy, including immunological aspects, we established a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture model based on MDA-MB-231 cells with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to create an integrated system that more closely mimics the complexity of the tumour microenvironment and interacts with the immune system. Treatment with OV as a priming agent, followed by pembrolizumab and then paclitaxel, was the most effective in reducing the tumour volume in TNBC co-cultured spheroids. Further, T-cell phenotyping analyses revealed significantly increased infiltration of CD8+, CD4+ T and Tregs cells. Moreover, the observed anti-tumour effects positively correlated with the level of CD4+ T cell infiltrates, suggesting the development of anti-cancer immunity. Our study demonstrated that combining different immunotherapeutic agents (virus, pembrolizumab) with PTX reduced the tumour volume of the TNBC co-cultured spheroids compared to relevant controls. Importantly, sequential administration of the investigational agents (priming with the vector) further enhanced the anti-cancer efficacy in 3D culture over other groups tested. Taken together, these results support further evaluation of the virus in combination with anti-PD-1 and PTX for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer patients. Importantly, further studies with in vivo models should be conducted to better understand the translational aspects of tested therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sara Mathlouthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Magdalena Wieczorek
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Gad
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health NIH - National Research Institute, Chocimska 24, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Roseggerweg 48, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alessio Malfanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Mastrotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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Kim IW, Yoon AR, Hong J, Kasala D, Yun CO. Synergistic antitumor immune response mediated by paclitaxel-conjugated nanohybrid oncolytic adenovirus with dendritic cell therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1355566. [PMID: 38835775 PMCID: PMC11148213 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1355566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have emerged as a promising strategy in cancer immunotherapy due to low toxicity. However, the therapeutic efficacy of DC as a monotherapy is insufficient due to highly immunosuppressive tumor environment. To address these limitations of DC as immunotherapeutic agent, we have developed a polymeric nanocomplex incorporating (1) oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) co-expressing interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and (2) arginine-grafted bioreducible polymer with PEGylated paclitaxel (APP) to restore antitumor immune surveillance function in tumor milieu and potentiate immunostimulatory attributes of DC vaccine. Nanohybrid complex (oAd/APP) in combination with DC (oAd/APP+DC) induced superior expression level of antitumor cytokines (IL-12, GM-CSF, and interferon gamma) than either oAd/APP or DC monotherapy in tumor tissues, thus resulting in superior intratumoral infiltration of both endogenous and exogenous DCs. Furthermore, oAd/APP+DC treatment led superior migration of DC to secondary lymphoid organs, such as draining lymph nodes and spleen, in comparison with either monotherapy. Superior migration profile of DCs in oAd/APP+DC treatment group resulted in more prolific activation of tumor-specific T cells in these lymphoid organs and greater intratumoral infiltration of T cells. Additionally, oAd/APP+DC treatment led to lower subset of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and splenocytes being immunosuppressive regulatory T cells than any other treatment groups. Collectively, oAd/APP+DC led to superior induction of antitumor immune response and amelioration of immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to elicit potent tumor growth inhibition than either monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Wook Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A-Rum Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JinWoo Hong
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayananda Kasala
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (HY-IBB), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- GeneMedicine CO., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
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3
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Pakola S, Quixabeira DCA, Kudling TV, Clubb JHA, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela S, Basnet S, Jirovec E, Arias V, Haybout L, Heiniö C, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Havunen R, Anttila M, Hemminki A. An oncolytic adenovirus coding for a variant interleukin 2 cytokine improves response to chemotherapy through enhancement of effector lymphocyte cytotoxicity, fibroblast compartment modulation and mitotic slippage. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171083. [PMID: 37475863 PMCID: PMC10354511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly treatment-resistant cancer. Currently, the only curative treatment for PDAC is surgery, but most patients are diagnosed with metastatic disease and thus outside the scope of surgery. The majority of metastatic patients receive chemotherapy, but responses are limited. New therapeutics are thus urgently needed for PDAC. One major limitation in treating PDAC has been the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which inhibits anti-cancer immune responses. We have constructed an oncolytic adenovirus coding for a variant the interleukin 2 molecule, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 (also known as TILT-452, and "vIL-2 virus"), with preferential binding to IL-2 receptors on the surface of effector lymphocytes over T regulatory cells (T regs). In the present study this virus was evaluated in combination with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine chemotherapy in Panc02 mouse model. Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 showed marked PDAC cell killing in vitro, alongside induction of mitotic slippage and immunogenic cell death in PDAC cell lines, when combined with chemotherapy. Increased survival was seen in vivo with 80% of animals surviving long term, when compared to chemotherapy alone. Moreover, combination therapy mediated enhanced tumor growth control, without observable toxicities in internal organs or external features. Survival and tumor control benefits were associated with activation of tumor infiltrating immune cells, downregulation of inhibitory signals, change in fibroblast populations in the tumors and changes in intratumoral cytokines, with increased chemokine amounts (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and anti-tumor cytokines (IFN-γ and TNFα). Furthermore, vIL-2 virus in combination with chemotherapy efficiently induced tumor protection upon rechallenge, that was extended to a previously non-encountered cancer cell line. In conclusion, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 is a promising immunotherapy candidate when combined with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C. A. Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V. Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James H. A. Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elise Jirovec
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Arias
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lyna Haybout
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M. Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Zhu X, Fan C, Xiong Z, Chen M, Li Z, Tao T, Liu X. Development and application of oncolytic viruses as the nemesis of tumor cells. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188526. [PMID: 37440883 PMCID: PMC10335770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses and tumors are two pathologies that negatively impact human health, but what occurs when a virus encounters a tumor? A global consensus among cancer patients suggests that surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other methods are the primary means to combat cancer. However, with the innovation and development of biomedical technology, tumor biotherapy (immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, etc.) has emerged as an alternative treatment for malignant tumors. Oncolytic viruses possess numerous anti-tumor properties, such as directly lysing tumor cells, activating anti-tumor immune responses, and improving the tumor microenvironment. Compared to traditional immunotherapy, oncolytic virus therapy offers advantages including high killing efficiency, precise targeting, and minimal side effects. Although oncolytic virus (OV) therapy was introduced as a novel approach to tumor treatment in the 19th century, its efficacy was suboptimal, limiting its widespread application. However, since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first OV therapy drug, T-VEC, in 2015, interest in OV has grown significantly. In recent years, oncolytic virus therapy has shown increasingly promising application prospects and has become a major research focus in the field of cancer treatment. This article reviews the development, classification, and research progress of oncolytic viruses, as well as their mechanisms of action, therapeutic methods, and routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology—Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chenyang Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Technology, School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhuolong Xiong
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital(Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiuqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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5
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He X, Zhao D, Zhang X, Ma Y, Zhang R, Huang Z, Wang G, Guo G, Wang W, Wen Y, Zhang L. Intrinsic Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death Subtypes Delineate Prognosis and Responsiveness to Immunotherapy in Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:808. [PMID: 37372093 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the combination of activation of host immunogenic cell death (ICD) and tumor-directed cytotoxic strategies. However, overall multiomic analysis of the intrinsic ICD property in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an ICD-based risk scoring system to predict overall survival (OS) and immunotherapeutic efficacy in patients. In our study, both weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and LASSO-Cox analysis were utilized to identify ICDrisk subtypes (ICDrisk). Moreover, we identify genomic alterations and differences in biological processes, analyze the immune microenvironment, and predict the response to immunotherapy in patients with pan-cancer. Importantly, immunogenicity subgroup typing was performed based on the immune score (IS) and microenvironmental tumor neoantigens (meTNAs). Our results demonstrate that ICDrisk subtypes were identified based on 16 genes. Furthermore, high ICDrisk was proved to be a poor prognostic factor in LUAD patients and indicated poor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment in patients with pan-cancer. The two ICDrisk subtypes displayed distinct clinicopathologic features, tumor-infiltrating immune cell patterns, and biological processes. The ISlowmeTNAhigh subtype showed low intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) and immune-activated phenotypes and correlated with better survival than the other subtypes within the high ICDrisk group. This study suggests effective biomarkers for the prediction of OS in LUAD patients and immunotherapeutic response across Pan-cancer and contributes to enhancing our understanding of intrinsic immunogenic tumor cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dechang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yiyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rusi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zirui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Gongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Guangran Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yingsheng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
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6
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Lin D, Shen Y, Liang T. Oncolytic virotherapy: basic principles, recent advances and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:156. [PMID: 37041165 PMCID: PMC10090134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the progress in genetic engineering technology, OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies, used alone or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications, as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics, biofunctions, and cancer hallmarks. Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as "qualified soldiers" first by improving target fidelity and safety, and then equipped with "cold weapons" for a proper cytocidal effect, "hot weapons" capable of activating cancer immunotherapy, or "auxiliary weapons" by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis, reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors. Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects. Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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7
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Basnet S, Santos JM, Quixabeira DCA, Clubb JHA, Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela SAM, Arias V, Pakola S, Kudling TV, Heiniö C, Havunen R, Cervera-Carrascon V, Sorsa S, Anttila M, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic adenovirus coding for bispecific T cell engager against human MUC-1 potentiates T cell response against solid tumors. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:59-73. [PMID: 36699617 PMCID: PMC9842968 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with bispecific T cell engagers has shown efficacy in patients with hematologic malignancies and uveal melanoma. Antitumor effects of bispecific T cell engagers in most solid tumors are limited due to their short serum half-life and insufficient tumor concentration. We designed a novel serotype 5/3 oncolytic adenovirus encoding a human mucin1 antibody and the human CD3 receptor, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-aMUC1aCD3 (TILT-321). TILT-321 is engineered to replicate only in cancer cells, leading to a high concentration of the aMUC1aCD3 molecule in the tumor microenvironment. Infection and cell viability assays were performed to determine the oncolytic potential of the novel construct. The functionality of the virus-derived aMUC1aCD3 was evaluated in vitro. When TILT-321 was combined with allogeneic T cells, rapid tumor cell lysis was observed. TILT-321-infected cells secreted functional aMUC1aCD3, as shown by increased T cell activity and its binding to MUC1 and CD3. In vivo, TILT-321 treatment led to effective antitumor efficacy mediated by increased intratumoral T cell activity in an A549 and patient-derived ovarian cancer xenograft mouse model humanized with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This study provides a proof of concept for an effective strategy to overcome the key limitations of recombinant bispecific T cell engager delivery for solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James H A Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna A M Grönberg-Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Arias
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santeri Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), 00029, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Anttila
- Department of Pathology, Finnish Food Authority, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Helsinki University Hospital, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, and University of Helsinki, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang P, Wang Y. Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126969. [PMID: 36923404 PMCID: PMC10008950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has emerged as an exciting new pillar of cancer treatment. Although benefits have been achieved in individual patients, the overall response rate is still not satisfactory. To address this, an ideal preclinical animal model for evaluating CIT is urgently needed. Syrian hamsters present similar features to humans with regard to their anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Notably, the histological features and pathological progression of tumors and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment are equivalent to the human scenario. This article reviews the current tumor models in Syrian hamster and the latest progress in their application to development of tumor treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. This progress strongly advocates Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for development and assessment of CIT for human cancer treatments. Additionally, the challenges of the Syrian hamster as an animal model for CIT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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A Renaissance for Oncolytic Adenoviruses? Viruses 2023; 15:v15020358. [PMID: 36851572 PMCID: PMC9964350 DOI: 10.3390/v15020358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1990s, adenovirus became one of the first virus types to be genetically engineered to selectively destroy cancer cells. In the intervening years, the field of "oncolytic viruses" has slowly progressed and culminated in 2015 with the FDA approval of Talimogene laherparepvec, a genetically engineered herpesvirus, for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. Despite the slower progress in translating oncolytic adenovirus to the clinic, interest in the virus remains strong. Among all the clinical trials currently using viral oncolytic agents, the largest proportion of these are using recombinant adenovirus. Many trials are currently underway to use oncolytic virus in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and early results using oncolytic adenovirus in this manner are starting to show promise. Many of the existing strategies to engineer adenoviruses were designed to enhance selective tumor cell replication without much regard to interactions with the immune system. Adenovirus possesses a wide range of viral factors to attenuate both innate anti-viral pathways and immune cell killing. In this review, we summarize the strategies of oncolytic adenoviruses currently in clinical trials, and speculate how the mutational backgrounds of these viruses may impact upon the efficacy of these agents in oncolytic and immunotherapy. Despite decades of research on human adenoviruses, the interactions that these viruses have with the immune system remains one of the most understudied aspects of the virus and needs to be improved to rationally design the next generation of engineered viruses.
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10
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Li SJ, Sun ZJ. Fueling immune checkpoint blockade with oncolytic viruses: Current paradigms and challenges ahead. Cancer Lett 2022; 550:215937. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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12
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Roulleaux Dugage M, Nassif EF, Italiano A, Bahleda R. Improving Immunotherapy Efficacy in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas: A Biomarker Driven and Histotype Tailored Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775761. [PMID: 34925348 PMCID: PMC8678134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-PD-(L)1 therapies yield a disappointing response rate of 15% across soft-tissue sarcomas, even if some subtypes benefit more than others. The proportions of TAMs and TILs in their tumor microenvironment are variable, and this heterogeneity correlates to histotype. Tumors with a richer CD8+ T cell, M1 macrophage, and CD20+ cells infiltrate have a better prognosis than those infiltrated by M0/M2 macrophages and a high immune checkpoint protein expression. PD-L1 and CD8+ infiltrate seem correlated to response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), but tertiary lymphoid structures have the best predictive value and have been validated prospectively. Trials for combination therapies are ongoing and focus on the association of ICI with chemotherapy, achieving encouraging results especially with pembrolizumab and doxorubicin at an early stage, or ICI with antiangiogenics. A synergy with oncolytic viruses is seen and intratumoral talimogene laherpavec yields an impressive 35% ORR when associated to pembrolizumab. Adoptive cellular therapies are also of great interest in tumors with a high expression of cancer-testis antigens (CTA), such as synovial sarcomas or myxoid round cell liposarcomas with an ORR ranging from 20 to 50%. It seems crucial to adapt the design of clinical trials to histology. Leiomyosarcomas are characterized by complex genomics but are poorly infiltrated by immune cells and do not benefit from ICI. They should be tested with PIK3CA/AKT inhibition, IDO blockade, or treatments aiming at increasing antigenicity (radiotherapy, PARP inhibitors). DDLPS are more infiltrated and have higher PD-L1 expression, but responses to ICI remain variable across clinical studies. Combinations with MDM2 antagonists or CDK4/6 inhibitors may improve responses for DDLPS. UPS harbor the highest copy number alterations (CNA) and mutation rates, with a rich immune infiltrate containing TLS. They have a promising 15-40% ORR to ICI. Trials for ICB should focus on immune-high UPS. Association of ICI with FGFR inhibitors warrants further exploration in the immune-low group of UPS. Finally translocation-related sarcomas are heterogeneous, and although synovial sarcomas a poorly infiltrated and have a poor response rate to ICI, ASPS largely benefit from ICB monotherapy or its association with antiangiogenics agents. Targeting specific neoantigens through vaccine or adoptive cellular therapies is probably the most promising approach in synovial sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Roulleaux Dugage
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rastislav Bahleda
- Département d’Innovation Thérapeutique et des Essais Précoces (DITEP), Gustave Roussy, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
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13
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Spiesschaert B, Angerer K, Park J, Wollmann G. Combining Oncolytic Viruses and Small Molecule Therapeutics: Mutual Benefits. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3386. [PMID: 34298601 PMCID: PMC8306439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus of treating cancer with oncolytic viruses (OVs) has increasingly shifted towards achieving efficacy through the induction and augmentation of an antitumor immune response. However, innate antiviral responses can limit the activity of many OVs within the tumor and several immunosuppressive factors can hamper any subsequent antitumor immune responses. In recent decades, numerous small molecule compounds that either inhibit the immunosuppressive features of tumor cells or antagonize antiviral immunity have been developed and tested for. Here we comprehensively review small molecule compounds that can achieve therapeutic synergy with OVs. We also elaborate on the mechanisms by which these treatments elicit anti-tumor effects as monotherapies and how these complement OV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Spiesschaert
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- ViraTherapeutics GmbH, 6063 Rum, Austria
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany;
| | - Katharina Angerer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John Park
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, 88397 Biberach a.d. Riss, Germany;
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (B.S.); (K.A.)
- Institute of Virology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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14
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Mobaraki M, Moradi H. Design of robust control strategy in drug and virus scheduling in nonlinear process of chemovirotherapy. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Quixabeira DCA, Zafar S, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Havunen R, Kudling TV, Basnet S, Anttila M, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Oncolytic Adenovirus Coding for a Variant Interleukin 2 (vIL-2) Cytokine Re-Programs the Tumor Microenvironment and Confers Enhanced Tumor Control. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674400. [PMID: 34084172 PMCID: PMC8168464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion of developing variants of the classic interleukin 2 (IL-2) cytokine has emerged from the limitations observed with the systemic use of human IL-2 in the clinic: severe adverse events accompanied by low therapeutic response rate in treated patients. Modifications made in the IL-2 receptor-binding structure leads to preferential binding of IL-2 variant cytokine to receptors on effector anti-tumor lymphocytes over T regulatory (TReg) cells. Because of their inherent immunogenicity, oncolytic adenoviruses are useful for expression of immunomodulatory molecules in tumors, for induction of a pro-inflammatory state in the tumor microenvironment. In the present study, we constructed an adenovirus coding for an IL-2 variant (vIL-2) protein, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2. Functionality of the new virus was tested in vitro, and anti-tumor efficacy and mechanism of action studies were performed in immunocompetent hamsters bearing pancreatic tumors. Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 treatment elicited efficient anti-tumor response, with 62.5% monotherapy complete response. Moreover, it promoted substantial repression of genes associated with myeloid cells mediated immunosuppression (CD11b, ARG1, CD206). This was seen in conjunction with upregulation of genes associated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cytotoxicity (CD3G, SAP, PRF1, GZMM and GZMK). In summary, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 demonstrates therapeutic potential by counteracting immunosuppression and in efficiently coordinating lymphocytes mediated anti-tumor response in immunosuppressive tumors. Thus, Ad5/3-E2F-d24-vIL2 is a promising candidate for translation into clinical trials in human immunosuppressive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne C A Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joao M Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,TILT Biotherapeutics, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Grünewald TGP, Alonso M, Avnet S, Banito A, Burdach S, Cidre‐Aranaz F, Di Pompo G, Distel M, Dorado‐Garcia H, Garcia‐Castro J, González‐González L, Grigoriadis AE, Kasan M, Koelsche C, Krumbholz M, Lecanda F, Lemma S, Longo DL, Madrigal‐Esquivel C, Morales‐Molina Á, Musa J, Ohmura S, Ory B, Pereira‐Silva M, Perut F, Rodriguez R, Seeling C, Al Shaaili N, Shaabani S, Shiavone K, Sinha S, Tomazou EM, Trautmann M, Vela M, Versleijen‐Jonkers YMH, Visgauss J, Zalacain M, Schober SJ, Lissat A, English WR, Baldini N, Heymann D. Sarcoma treatment in the era of molecular medicine. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11131. [PMID: 33047515 PMCID: PMC7645378 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are heterogeneous and clinically challenging soft tissue and bone cancers. Although constituting only 1% of all human malignancies, sarcomas represent the second most common type of solid tumors in children and adolescents and comprise an important group of secondary malignancies. More than 100 histological subtypes have been characterized to date, and many more are being discovered due to molecular profiling. Owing to their mostly aggressive biological behavior, relative rarity, and occurrence at virtually every anatomical site, many sarcoma subtypes are in particular difficult-to-treat categories. Current multimodal treatment concepts combine surgery, polychemotherapy (with/without local hyperthermia), irradiation, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapeutics. Recent scientific advancements have enabled a more precise molecular characterization of sarcoma subtypes and revealed novel therapeutic targets and prognostic/predictive biomarkers. This review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the molecular biology of sarcomas and their effects on clinical oncology; it is meant for a broad readership ranging from novices to experts in the field of sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas GP Grünewald
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Division of Translational Pediatric Sarcoma ResearchGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)HeidelbergGermany
- Institute of PathologyHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marta Alonso
- Program in Solid Tumors and BiomarkersFoundation for the Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of Navarra PamplonaPamplonaSpain
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Ana Banito
- Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Research GroupGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Stefan Burdach
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Florencia Cidre‐Aranaz
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Gemma Di Pompo
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Merve Kasan
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | | | - Fernando Lecanda
- Division of OncologyAdhesion and Metastasis LaboratoryCenter for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain
| | - Silvia Lemma
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Dario L Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | | | | | - Julian Musa
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Shunya Ohmura
- Max‐Eder Research Group for Pediatric Sarcoma BiologyInstitute of PathologyFaculty of MedicineLMU MunichMunichGermany
| | | | - Miguel Pereira‐Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Francesca Perut
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Rene Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de AsturiasOviedoSpain
- CIBER en oncología (CIBERONC)MadridSpain
| | | | - Nada Al Shaaili
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug DesignUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Kristina Shiavone
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Snehadri Sinha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial DiseasesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational PathologyGerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyMünster University HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Maria Vela
- Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ)MadridSpain
| | | | | | - Marta Zalacain
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB)Italian National Research Council (CNR)TurinItaly
| | - Sebastian J Schober
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Cancer Research Center (CCRC)Technische Universität MünchenMunichGermany
| | - Andrej Lissat
- University Children′s Hospital Zurich – Eleonoren FoundationKanton ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - William R English
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | - Nicola Baldini
- Orthopedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine UnitIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Dominique Heymann
- Department of Oncology and MetabolismUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Université de NantesInstitut de Cancérologie de l'OuestTumor Heterogeneity and Precision MedicineSaint‐HerblainFrance
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17
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Combination Immunotherapy Using Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207743. [PMID: 33086754 PMCID: PMC7589893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) is a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. OVs can selectively infect and destroy cancer cells, and therefore act as an in situ cancer vaccine by releasing tumor-specific antigens. Moreover, they can remodel the tumor microenvironment toward a T cell-inflamed phenotype by stimulating widespread host immune responses against the tumor. Recent evidence suggests several possible applications of OVs against cancer, especially in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms of oncolytic virotherapy and OV-induced immune responses, provide a brief summary of recent preclinical and clinical updates on this rapidly evolving field, and discuss a combinational strategy that is able to overcome the limitations of OV-based monotherapy.
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18
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Expanding the Spectrum of Adenoviral Vectors for Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051139. [PMID: 32370135 PMCID: PMC7281331 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (AdVs) have attracted much attention in the fields of vaccine development and treatment for diseases such as genetic disorders and cancer. In this review, we discuss the utility of AdVs in cancer therapies. In recent years, AdVs were modified as oncolytic AdVs (OAs) that possess the characteristics of cancer cell-specific replication and killing. Different carriers such as diverse cells and extracellular vesicles are being explored for delivering OAs into cancer sites after systemic administration. In addition, there are also various strategies to improve cancer-specific replication of OAs, mainly through modifying the early region 1 (E1) of the virus genome. It has been documented that oncolytic viruses (OVs) function through stimulating the immune system, resulting in the inhibition of cancer progression and, in combination with classical immune modulators, the anti-cancer effect of OAs can be even further enforced. To enhance the cancer treatment efficacy, OAs are also combined with other standard treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) has mainly been explored to develop vectors for cancer treatment with different modulations. Only a limited number of the more than 100 identified AdV types were converted into OAs and, therefore, the construction of an adenovirus library for the screening of potential novel OA candidates is essential. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of currently performed and completed clinic trials with OAs and an adenovirus library, providing novel possibilities for developing innovative adenoviral vectors for cancer treatment.
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19
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Malfitano AM, Di Somma S, Iannuzzi CA, Pentimalli F, Portella G. Virotherapy: From single agents to combinatorial treatments. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:113986. [PMID: 32330494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virotherpay is emerging as a promising strategy against cancer, and three oncolytic viruses (OVs) have gained approval in different countries for the treatment of several cancer types. Beyond the capability to selectively infect, replicate and lyse cancer cells, OVs act through a multitude of events, including modification of the tumour micro/macro-environment as well as a complex modulation of the anti-tumour immune response by activation of danger signals and immunogenic cell death pathways. Most OVs show limited effects, depending on the viral platform and the interactions with the host. OVs used as monotherapy only in a minority of patients elicited a full response. Better outcomes were obtained using OVs in combination with other treatments, such as immune therapy or chemotherapy, suggesting that the full potential of OVs can be unleashed in combination with other treatment modalities. Here, we report the main described combination of OVs with conventional chemotherapeutic agents: platinum salts, mitotic inhibitors, anthracyclines and other antibiotics, anti-metabolites, alkylating agents and topoisomerase inhibitors. Additionally, our work provides an overview of OV combination with targeted therapies: histone deacetylase inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, inhibitors of DNA repair, inhibitors of the proteasome complex and statins that demonstrated enhanced OV anti-neoplastic activity. Although further studies are required to assess the best combinations to translate the results in the clinic, it is clear that combined therapies, acting with complementary mechanisms of action might be useful to target cancer lesions resistant to currently available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Malfitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | - Sarah Di Somma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Portella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Federico II Napoli, Italy.
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20
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Modeling the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Oncolytic Viruses and Radiotherapy as a Treatment for Cancer. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3642654. [PMID: 32411281 PMCID: PMC7201857 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3642654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Virotherapy is a novel treatment for cancer, which may be delivered as a single agent or in combination with other therapies. Research studies indicated that the combination of viral therapy and radiation therapy has synergistic antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we proposed two models in the form of partial differential equations to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of tumor cells under virotherapy and radiovirotherapy. We first presented a virotherapy model and solved it numerically for different values of the parameters related to the oncolytic virus, which is administered continuously. The results showed that virotherapy alone cannot eradicate cancer, and thus, we extended the model to include the effect of radiotherapy in combination with virotherapy. Numerical investigations were carried out for three modes of radiation delivery which are constant, decaying, and periodic. The numerical results showed that radiovirotherapy leads to complete eradication of the tumor provided that the delivery of radiation is constant. Moreover, there is an optimal timing for administering radiation, as well as an ideal dose that improves the results of the treatment. The virotherapy in our model is given continuously over a certain period of time, and bolus treatment (where virotherapy is given in cycles) could be considered and compared with our results.
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21
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Garofalo M, Grazioso G, Cavalli A, Sgrignani J. How Computational Chemistry and Drug Delivery Techniques Can Support the Development of New Anticancer Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:E1756. [PMID: 32290224 PMCID: PMC7180704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The early and late development of new anticancer drugs, small molecules or peptides can be slowed down by some issues such as poor selectivity for the target or poor ADME properties. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) and target drug delivery (TDD) techniques, although apparently far from each other, are two research fields that can give a significant contribution to overcome these problems. Their combination may provide mechanistic understanding resulting in a synergy that makes possible the rational design of novel anticancer based therapies. Herein, we aim to discuss selected applications, some also from our research experience, in the fields of anticancer small organic drugs and peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Garofalo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
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22
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Warren S, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Martinez AB, Chan TA, Coukos G, Demaria S, Deutsch E, Draganov D, Edelson RL, Formenti SC, Fucikova J, Gabriele L, Gaipl US, Gameiro SR, Garg AD, Golden E, Han J, Harrington KJ, Hemminki A, Hodge JW, Hossain DMS, Illidge T, Karin M, Kaufman HL, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Lasarte JJ, Loi S, Lotze MT, Manic G, Merghoub T, Melcher AA, Mossman KL, Prosper F, Rekdal Ø, Rescigno M, Riganti C, Sistigu A, Smyth MJ, Spisek R, Stagg J, Strauss BE, Tang D, Tatsuno K, van Gool SW, Vandenabeele P, Yamazaki T, Zamarin D, Zitvogel L, Cesano A, Marincola FM. Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000337. [PMID: 32209603 PMCID: PMC7064135 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 549] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Moreover, multiple intracellular and microenvironmental features determine the propensity of RCD to drive adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death (ICD), discuss the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response, summarize experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo, and formulate guidelines for their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuevn, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aitziber Buqué Martinez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM "Molecular Radiotherapy and therapeutic innovation", U1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- SIRIC SOCRATES, DHU Torino, Faculté de Medecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Richard L Edelson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Encouse Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jian Han
- iRepertoire, Inc, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tim Illidge
- University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California at San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Replimune, Inc, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research and Clinical Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, MSKCC, New York City, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSKCC, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- UOSD Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kazuki Tatsuno
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
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23
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Rodents Versus Pig Model for Assessing the Performance of Serotype Chimeric Ad5/3 Oncolytic Adenoviruses. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020198. [PMID: 30744019 PMCID: PMC6406826 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad) are promising tools for cancer therapeutics. Most Ad-based therapies utilize species C serotypes, with Adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) most commonly employed. Prior clinical trials demonstrated low efficiency of oncolytic Ad5 vectors, mainly due to the absence of Ad5 primary receptor (Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor, CAR) on cancer cells. Engineering serotype chimeric vectors (Ad5/3) to utilize Adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) receptors has greatly improved their oncolytic potential. Clinical translation of these infectivity-enhanced vectors has been challenging due to a lack of replication permissive animal models. In this study, we explored pigs as a model to study the performance of fiber-modified Ad5/3 chimeric vectors. As a control, the Ad5 fiber-unmodified virus was used. We analyzed binding, gene transfer, replication, and cytolytic ability of Ad5 and Ad5/3 in various non-human cell lines (murine, hamster, canine, porcine). Among all tested cell lines only porcine cells supported active binding and replication of Ad5/3. Syrian hamster cells supported Ad5 replication but showed no evidence of productive viral replication after infection with Ad5/3 vectors. Transduction and replication ability of Ad5/3 in porcine cells outperformed Ad5, a phenomenon often observed in human cancer cell lines. Replication of Ad5 and Ad5/3 was subsequently evaluated in vivo in immunocompetent pigs. Quantitative PCR analyses 7 days post infection revealed Ad5 and Ad5/3 DNA and replication-dependent luciferase activity in the swine lungs and spleen indicating active replication in these tissues. These studies demonstrated the flaws in using Syrian hamsters for testing serotype chimeric Ad5/3 vectors. This is the first report to validate the pig as a valuable model for preclinical testing of oncolytic adenoviruses utilizing Adenovirus type 3 receptors. We hope that these data will help to foster the clinical translation of oncolytic adenoviruses including those with Ad3 retargeted tropism.
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24
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Extracellular vesicles enhance the targeted delivery of immunogenic oncolytic adenovirus and paclitaxel in immunocompetent mice. J Control Release 2019; 294:165-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Goradel NH, Mohajel N, Malekshahi ZV, Jahangiri S, Najafi M, Farhood B, Mortezaee K, Negahdari B, Arashkia A. Oncolytic adenovirus: A tool for cancer therapy in combination with other therapeutic approaches. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8636-8646. [PMID: 30515798 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapy using oncolytic viruses is an emerging area, in which viruses are engineered to selectively propagate in tumor tissues without affecting healthy cells. Because of the advantages that adenoviruses (Ads) have over other viruses, they are more considered. To achieve tumor selectivity, two main modifications on Ads genome have been applied: small deletions and insertion of tissue- or tumor-specific promoters. Despite oncolytic adenoviruses ability in tumor cell lysis and immune responses stimulation, to further increase their antitumor effects, genomic modifications have been carried out including insertion of checkpoint inhibitors and antigenic or immunostimulatory molecules into the adenovirus genome and combination with dendritic cells and chemotherapeutic agents. This study reviews oncolytic adenoviruses structures, their antitumor efficacy in combination with other therapeutic strategies, and finally challenges around this treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasir Mohajel
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Veisi Malekshahi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Jahangiri
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Babak Negahdari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Phan M, Watson MF, Alain T, Diallo JS. Oncolytic Viruses on Drugs: Achieving Higher Therapeutic Efficacy. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1448-1467. [PMID: 30152676 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic expansion in the testing of oncolytic viruses (OVs) for the treatment of cancer. OVs are unique biotherapeutics that induce multimodal responses toward tumors, from direct cytopathic effects on cancer cells, to tumor associated blood vessel disruption, and ultimately potent stimulation of anti-tumor immune activation. These agents are highly targeted and can be efficacious as cancer treatments resulting in some patients experiencing complete tumor regression and even cures from OV monotherapy. However, most patients have limited responses with viral replication in tumors often found to be modest and transient. To augment OV replication, increase bystander killing of cancer cells, and/or stimulate stronger targeted anti-cancer immune responses, drug combination approaches have taken center stage for translation to the clinic. Here we comprehensively review drugs that have been combined with OVs to increase therapeutic efficacy, examining the proposed mechanisms of action, and we discuss trends in pharmaco-viral immunotherapeutic approaches currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Phan
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Margaret F. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road Research Building 2, Second Floor, Room 2119, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Center for Innovative Cancer Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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27
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Wei W, Ji S. Cellular senescence: Molecular mechanisms and pathogenicity. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9121-9135. [PMID: 30078211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is the arrest of normal cell division. Oncogenic genes and oxidative stress, which cause genomic DNA damage and generation of reactive oxygen species, lead to cellular senescence. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a distinct feature of senescence. Senescence is normally involved in the embryonic development. Senescent cells can communicate with immune cells to invoke an immune response. Senescence emerges during the aging process in several tissues and organs. In fact, increasing evidence shows that cellular senescence is implicated in aging-related diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes, pulmonary hypertension, and tumorigenesis. Cellular senescence can also be induced by microbial infection. During cellular senescence, several signaling pathways, including those of p53, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mammalian target of rapamycin, and transforming growth factor-beta, play important roles. Accumulation of senescent cells can trigger chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the pathological changes in the elderly. Given the variety of deleterious effects caused by cellular senescence in humans, strategies have been proposed to control senescence. In this review, we will focus on recent studies to provide a brief introduction to cellular senescence, including associated signaling pathways and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wei
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Shaoping Ji
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction, Basic Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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28
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Kuryk L, Møller ASW, Garofalo M, Cerullo V, Pesonen S, Alemany R, Jaderberg M. Antitumor-specific T-cell responses induced by oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-102 (AdV5/3-D24-GM-CSF) in peritoneal mesothelioma mouse model. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1669-1673. [PMID: 29797583 PMCID: PMC6120454 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviral immunotherapy activates the innate immune system with subsequent induction of adaptive tumor‐specific immune responses to fight cancer. Hence, oncolytic viruses do not only eradicate cancer cells by direct lysis, but also generate antitumor immune response, allowing for long‐lasting cancer control and tumor reduction. Their therapeutic effect can be further enhanced by arming the oncolytic adenovirus with costimulatory transgenes and/or coadministration with other antitumor therapies. ONCOS‐102 has already been found to be well tolerated and efficacious against some types of treatment‐refractory tumors, including mesothelin‐positive ovarian cancer (NCT01598129). It induced local and systemic CD8+ T‐cell immunity and upregulated programmed death ligand 1. These results strongly advocate the use of ONCOS‐102 in combination with other therapeutic strategies in advanced and refractory tumors, especially those expressing the mesothelin antigen. The in vivo work presented herein describes the ability of the oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS‐102 to induce mesothelin‐specific T‐cells after the administration of the virus in bagg albino (BALB/c) mice with mesothelin‐positive tumors. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of the interferon‐γ the enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay to detect the induction of T‐cells recognizing mesothelin, hexon, and E1A antigens in ONCOS‐102‐treated mesothelioma‐bearing BALB/c mice. Thus, the ELISPOT assay could be useful to monitor the progress of therapy with ONCOS‐102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Department of Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.,Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Drug Research Program, ImmunoVirothearpy Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Pesonen
- Department of Clinical Science, Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramon Alemany
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Garg AD, Agostinis P. Cell death and immunity in cancer: From danger signals to mimicry of pathogen defense responses. Immunol Rev 2018; 280:126-148. [PMID: 29027218 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of cancer cells is an emerging determinant of anti-cancer immunotherapy. Beyond developing immunostimulatory regimens like dendritic cell-based vaccines, immune-checkpoint blockers, and adoptive T-cell transfer, investigators are beginning to focus on the immunobiology of dying cancer cells and its relevance for the success of anticancer immunotherapies. It is currently accepted that cancer cells may die in response to anti-cancer therapies through regulated cell death programs, which may either repress or increase their immunogenic potential. In particular, the induction of immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD), which is hallmarked by the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); molecules analogous to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) acting as danger signals/alarmins, is of great relevance in cancer therapy. These ICD-associated danger signals favor immunomodulatory responses that lead to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs)-directed T-cell immunity, which paves way for the removal of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells. It is also emerging that cancer cells succumbing to ICD can orchestrate "altered-self mimicry" i.e. mimicry of pathogen defense responses, on the levels of nucleic acids and/or chemokines (resulting in type I interferon/IFN responses or pathogen response-like neutrophil activity). In this review, we exhaustively describe the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of immunosuppressive cell death or ICD (with respect to apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis). We also provide an extensive historical background of these fields, with special attention to the self/non-self and danger models, which have shaped the field of cell death immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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30
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Cervera-Carrascon V, Siurala M, Santos JM, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Karell P, Sorsa S, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. TNFa and IL-2 armed adenoviruses enable complete responses by anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1412902. [PMID: 29721366 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1412902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Releasing the patient's immune system against their own malignancy by the use of checkpoint inhibitors is delivering promising results. However, only a subset of patients currently benefit from them. One major limitation of these therapies relates to the inability of T cells to detect or penetrate into the tumor resulting in unresponsiveness to checkpoint inhibition. Virotherapy is an attractive tool for enabling checkpoint inhibitors as viruses are naturally recognized by innate defense elements which draws the attention of the immune system. Besides their intrinsic immune stimulating properties, the adenoviruses used here are armed to express tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) and interleukin-2 (IL-2). These cytokines result in immunological danger signaling and multiple appealing T-cell effects, including trafficking, activation and propagation. When these viruses were injected into B16.OVA melanoma tumors in animals concomitantly receiving programmed cell-death protein 1 (PD-1) blocking antibodies both tumor growth control (p < 0.0001) and overall survival (p < 0.01) were improved. In this set-up, the addition of adoptive cell therapy with OT-I lymphocytes did not increase efficacy further. When virus injections were initiated before antibody treatment in a prime-boost approach, 100% of tumors regressed completely and all mice survived. Viral expression of IL2 and TNFa altered the cytokine balance in the tumor microenvironment towards Th1 and increased the intratumoral proportion of CD8+ and conventional CD4+ T cells. These preclinical studies provide the rationale and schedule for a clinical trial where oncolytic adenovirus coding for TNFa and IL-2 (TILT-123) is used in melanoma patients receiving an anti-PD-1 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cervera-Carrascon
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - M Siurala
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - J M Santos
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - R Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - S Tähtinen
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - P Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - S Sorsa
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - A Kanerva
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
| | - A Hemminki
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Uusima, Finland
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31
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Aguirre-Hernández C, Maya-Pineda H, Millán JS, Man YKS, Lu YJ, Halldén G. Sensitisation to mitoxantrone-induced apoptosis by the oncolytic adenovirus Ad∆∆ through Bcl-2-dependent attenuation of autophagy. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:6. [PMID: 29362360 PMCID: PMC5833340 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-017-0020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 is frequently activated in human malignant cells to promote cell survival and inhibit cell death. Replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses deleted in the functional Bcl-2 homologue E1B19K potently synergise with apoptosis-inducing chemotherapeutic drugs, including mitoxantrone for prostate cancer. Here, we demonstrate that our previously generated oncolytic mutant Ad∆∆ (E1B19K- and E1ACR2-deleted) caused potent synergistic apoptotic cell death in both drug-sensitive 22Rv1, and drug-insensitive PC3 and PC3M prostate cancer cells. The synergistic cell killing was dependent on Bcl-2 expression and was prevented by Bcl-2 knockdown, which led to activation of the autophagy pathway. Mitoxantrone-induced autophagy, which was decreased in combination with Ad∆∆-infection resulting in increased apoptosis. Expression of the viral E1A12S protein alone mimicked the synergistic effects with Ad∆∆ in combination with mitoxantrone while intact wild-type virus (Ad5) had no effect. Early and late-stage inhibition of autophagy by Atg7 knockdown and chloroquine respectively, promoted apoptotic cell killing with mitoxantrone similar to Ad∆∆. These findings revealed currently unexplored actions of E1B19K-deleted oncolytic adenoviruses and the central role of Bcl-2 in the synergistic cell killing. This study suggests that cancers with functional Bcl-2 expression may be selectively re-sensitised to drugs by Ad∆∆.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguirre-Hernández
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Héctor Maya-Pineda
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia San Millán
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Y K Stella Man
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yong-Jie Lu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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Malinzi J, Eladdadi A, Sibanda P. Modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics of chemovirotherapy cancer treatment. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2017; 11:244-274. [PMID: 28537127 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2017.1328079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemovirotherapy is a combination therapy with chemotherapy and oncolytic viruses. It is gaining more interest and attracting more attention in the clinical setting due to its effective therapy and potential synergistic interactions against cancer. In this paper, we develop and analyse a mathematical model in the form of parabolic non-linear partial differential equations to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of tumour cells under chemovirotherapy treatment. The proposed model consists of uninfected and infected tumour cells, a free virus, and a chemotherapeutic drug. The analysis of the model is carried out for both the temporal and spatiotemporal cases. Travelling wave solutions to the spatiotemporal model are used to determine the minimum wave speed of tumour invasion. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the model parameters to establish the key parameters that promote cancer remission during chemovirotherapy treatment. Model analysis of the temporal model suggests that virus burst size and virus infection rate determine the success of the virotherapy treatment, whereas travelling wave solutions to the spatiotemporal model show that tumour diffusivity and growth rate are critical during chemovirotherapy. Simulation results reveal that chemovirotherapy is more effective and a good alternative to either chemotherapy or virotherapy, which is in agreement with the recent experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Malinzi
- a Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics , University of Pretoria , Hatfield , South Africa
| | - Amina Eladdadi
- b Department of Mathematics , The College of Saint Rose , Albany , New York , USA
| | - Precious Sibanda
- c School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science , University of KwaZulu Natal , Scottsville , South Africa
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De Munck J, Binks A, McNeish IA, Aerts JL. Oncolytic virus-induced cell death and immunity: a match made in heaven? J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:631-643. [PMID: 28720686 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5ru0117-040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for cancer development has increased enormously over the last decades. However, for many cancers, this has not been translated into a significant improvement in overall survival, and overall mortality remains high. Treatment for many malignancies remains based on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Significant progress has been made toward the development of more specific, more potent, and less invasive treatment modalities, but such targeted therapies remain the exception for most cancers. Thus, cancer therapies based on a different mechanism of action should be explored. The immune system plays an important role in keeping tumor growth at bay. However, in many cases, these responses are not strong enough to keep tumor growth under control. Thus, immunotherapy aims to boost the immune system to suppress tumor growth efficiently. This has been demonstrated by the recent successes of immune checkpoint therapy in several cancers. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are another exciting class of immunotherapy agent. As well as replicating selectively within and killing tumor cells, OVs are able to elicit potent anti-tumor immune responses. Therapeutic vaccination with OVs, also referred to as cancer virotherapy, can thus be tailored to elicit vigorous cellular immune responses and even target individual malignancies in a personalized manner. In this review, we will describe the intricate link among oncolytic virotherapy, tumor immunology, and immunogenic cell death (ICD) and discuss ways to harness optimally their potential for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Munck
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | - Alex Binks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Joeri L Aerts
- Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; and
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34
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Koval O, Kochneva G, Tkachenko A, Troitskaya O, Sivolobova G, Grazhdantseva A, Nushtaeva A, Kuligina E, Richter V. Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses Coding Transgenes of Apoptosis-Inducing Proteins Enhance Apoptosis But Not Immunogenicity of Infected Tumor Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3620510. [PMID: 28951871 PMCID: PMC5603130 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3620510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modifications of the oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) improve selective tumor cell infection and death, as well as activation of antitumor immunity. We have engineered a double recombinant VV, coding human GM-CSF, and apoptosis-inducing protein apoptin (VV-GMCSF-Apo) for comparing with the earlier constructed double recombinant VV-GMCSF-Lact, coding another apoptosis-inducing protein, lactaptin, which activated different cell death pathways than apoptin. We showed that both these recombinant VVs more considerably activated a set of critical apoptosis markers in infected cells than the recombinant VV coding GM-CSF alone (VV-GMCSF-dGF): these were phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3 and caspase-7 activation, DNA fragmentation, and upregulation of proapoptotic protein BAX. However, only VV-GMCSF-Lact efficiently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of infected cancer cells. Investigating immunogenic cell death markers in cancer cells infected with recombinant VVs, we demonstrated that all tested recombinant VVs were efficient in calreticulin and HSP70 externalization, decrease of cellular HMGB1, and ATP secretion. The comparison of antitumor activity against advanced MDA-MB-231 tumor revealed that both recombinants VV-GMCSF-Lact and VV-GMCSF-Apo efficiently delay tumor growth. Our results demonstrate that the composition of GM-CSF and apoptosis-inducing proteins in the VV genome is very efficient tool for specific killing of cancer cells and for activation of antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Koval
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Kochneva
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Tkachenko
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Troitskaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Galina Sivolobova
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Antonina Grazhdantseva
- Department of Viral Hepatitis, State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector”, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Anna Nushtaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena Kuligina
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Richter
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Kuryk L, Vassilev L, Ranki T, Hemminki A, Karioja-Kallio A, Levälampi O, Vuolanto A, Cerullo V, Pesonen S. Toxicological and bio-distribution profile of a GM-CSF-expressing, double-targeted, chimeric oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-102 - Support for clinical studies on advanced cancer treatment. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182715. [PMID: 28796812 PMCID: PMC5552138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to carry out preclinical toxicity and bio-distribution studies required for regulatory approval of a clinical trial application for Phase I clinical studies of ONCOS-102 (Ad5/3-D24-GM-CSF) for therapy of advanced cancers (NCT01598129). The study design, route of administration and dosage differs from the clinical protocol and in more detail, investigate bio-distribution and toxicological profile of ONCOS-102 treatment in animal model. The study was carried out in 300 hamsters divided into nine test groups-three bio-distribution groups and six groups for analysis of toxicity. Hamsters received ONCOS-102 by intracardial, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injections. Additionally, one group was administered twice a week with intraperitoneal injections of Cyclophosphamide. The control animals were administered with NaCl solution without ONCOS-102 in the same volume and the same way. No adverse effects of repeated administration of ONCOS-102 including body weight, food consumption, hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, histopathology and bio-accumulation were observed in the course of 6-month administration and following 3- month recovery period. All obtained findings indicate the treatment clinically safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Targovax Oy, Helsinki, Finland
- ImmunoViroTherapy lab, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences & Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health–National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Akseli Hemminki
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- ImmunoViroTherapy lab, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences & Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Santos JM, Havunen R, Siurala M, Cervera‐Carrascon V, Tähtinen S, Sorsa S, Anttila M, Karell P, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Adenoviral production of interleukin‐2 at the tumor site removes the need for systemic postconditioning in adoptive cell therapy. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1458-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joao Manuel Santos
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Víctor Cervera‐Carrascon
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Marjukka Anttila
- Pathology Unit, Finnish Food Safety Authority (EVIRA)Helsinki Finland
| | - Pauliina Karell
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyHelsinki University Hospital Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- TILT Biotherapeutics LtdHelsinki Finland
- Department of PathologyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, University of Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinki Finland
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Reprogramming antitumor immunity against chemoresistant ovarian cancer by a CXCR4 antagonist-armed viral oncotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2016; 3:16034. [PMID: 28035333 PMCID: PMC5155641 DOI: 10.1038/mto.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy owing to late detection, intrinsic and acquired chemoresistance, and remarkable heterogeneity. Here, we explored approaches to inhibit metastatic growth of murine and human ovarian tumor variants resistant to paclitaxel and carboplatin by oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing a CXCR4 antagonist to target the CXCL12 chemokine/CXCR4 receptor signaling axis alone or in combination with doxorubicin. The resistant variants exhibited augmented expression of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 and CXCR4 along with elevated Akt and ERK1/2 activation and displayed an increased susceptibility to viral infection compared with the parental counterparts. The infected cultures were more sensitive to doxorubicin-mediated killing both in vitro and in tumor-challenged mice. Mechanistically, the combination treatment increased apoptosis and phagocytosis of tumor material by dendritic cells associated with induction of antitumor immunity. Targeting syngeneic tumors with this regimen increased intratumoral infiltration of antitumor CD8+ T cells. This was further enhanced by reducing the immunosuppressive network by the virally-delivered CXCR4 antagonist, which augmented antitumor immune responses and led to tumor-free survival. Our results define novel strategies for treatment of drug-resistant ovarian cancer that increase immunogenic cell death and reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, culminating in antitumor immune responses that control metastatic tumor growth.
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Adenoviral Delivery of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-2 Enables Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy of Immunosuppressive Melanoma. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1435-43. [PMID: 27357626 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell transfer is a promising treatment approach for metastatic cancer, but efficacy in solid tumors has only been achieved with toxic pre- and postconditioning regimens. Thus, adoptive T-cell therapies would benefit from complementary modalities that enable their full potential without excessive toxicity. We aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of adoptive T-cell transfer by using adenoviral vectors for direct delivery of immunomodulatory murine cytokines into B16.OVA melanoma tumors with concomitant T-cell receptor transgenic OT-I T-cell transfer. Armed adenoviruses expressed high local and low systemic levels of cytokine when injected into B16.OVA tumors, suggesting safety of virus-mediated cytokine delivery. Antitumor efficacy was significantly enhanced with adenoviruses coding for murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (mTNFα) when compared with T-cell transfer alone or viruses alone. Further improvement in efficacy was achieved with a triple combination of mIL-2, mTNFα, and OT-I T-cells. Mechanistic studies suggest that mIL-2 has an important role in activating T-cells at the tumor, while mTNFα induces chemokine expression. Furthermore, adenovirus treatments enhanced tumor-infiltration of OT-I T-cells as demonstrated by SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled cells. Our results suggest the utility of cytokine-coding adenoviruses for improving the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Kuryk L, Haavisto E, Garofalo M, Capasso C, Hirvinen M, Pesonen S, Ranki T, Vassilev L, Cerullo V. Synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of immunogenic adenovirus ONCOS-102 (Ad5/3-D24-GM-CSF) and standard of care chemotherapy in preclinical mesothelioma model. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1883-93. [PMID: 27287512 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare cancer type caused mainly by asbestos exposure. The median overall survival time of a mesothelioma cancer patient is less than 1-year from diagnosis. Currently there are no curative treatment modalities for malignant mesothelioma, however treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy can help to improve patient prognosis and increase life expectancy. Pemetrexed-Cisplatin is the only standard of care (SoC) chemotherapy for malignant mesothelioma, but the median PFS/OS (progression-free survival/overall survival) from the initiation of treatment is only up to 12 months. Therefore, new treatment strategies against malignant mesothelioma are in high demand. ONCOS-102 is a dual targeting, chimeric oncolytic adenovirus, coding for human GM-CSF. The safety and immune activating properties of ONCOS-102 have already been assessed in phase 1 study (NCT01598129). In this preclinical study, we evaluated the antineoplastic activity of combination treatment with SoC chemotherapy (Pemetrexed, Cisplatin, Carboplatin) and ONCOS-102 in xenograft BALB/c model of human malignant mesothelioma. We demonstrated that ONCOS-102 is able to induce immunogenic cell death of human mesothelioma cell lines in vitro and showed anti-tumor activity in the treatment of refractory H226 malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) xenograft model. While chemotherapy alone showed no anti-tumor activity in the mesothelioma mouse model, ONCOS-102 was able to slow down tumor growth. Interestingly, a synergistic anti-tumor effect was seen when ONCOS-102 was combined with chemotherapy regimens. These findings give a rationale for the clinical testing of ONCOS-102 in combination with first-line chemotherapy in patients suffering from malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kuryk
- Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki, Finland.,Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research (CDR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, 00790, Finland.,Department of Virology, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Chocimska 24 Str, Warsaw, 00-791, Poland
| | | | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research (CDR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research (CDR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Mari Hirvinen
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research (CDR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Sari Pesonen
- Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuuli Ranki
- Targovax Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Vassilev
- Oncos Therapeutics Oy, Saukonpaadenranta 2, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of ImmunoViroTherapy, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Centre for Drug Research (CDR), University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
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40
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Diederich M, Cerella C. Non-canonical programmed cell death mechanisms triggered by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:4-34. [PMID: 27262793 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds are the fundament of pharmacological treatments and more than 50% of all anticancer drugs are of natural origins or at least derived from scaffolds present in Nature. Over the last 25 years, molecular mechanisms triggered by natural anticancer compounds were investigated. Emerging research showed that molecules of natural origins are useful for both preventive and therapeutic purposes by targeting essential hallmarks and enabling characteristics described by Hanahan and Weinberg. Moreover, natural compounds were able to change the differentiation status of selected cell types. One of the earliest response of cells treated by pharmacologically active compounds is the change of its morphology leading to ultra-structural perturbations: changes in membrane composition, cytoskeleton integrity, alterations of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and of the nucleus lead to formation of morphological alterations that are a characteristic of both compound and cancer type preceding cell death. Apoptosis and autophagy were traditionally considered as the most prominent cell death or cell death-related mechanisms. By now multiple other cell death modalities were described and most likely involved in response to chemotherapeutic treatment. It can be hypothesized that especially necrosis-related phenotypes triggered by various treatments or evolving from apoptotic or autophagic mechanisms, provide a more efficient therapeutic outcome depending on cancer type and genetic phenotype of the patient. In fact, the recent discovery of multiple regulated forms of necrosis and the initial elucidation of the corresponding cell signaling pathways appear nowadays as important tools to clarify the immunogenic potential of non-canonical forms of cell death induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
| | - Claudia Cerella
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer, Hôpital Kirchberg, 9, rue Edward Steichen, L-2540 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy is a cancer treatment in which replication-competent viruses are used that specifically infect, replicate in and lyse malignant tumour cells, while minimizing harm to normal cells. Anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of this strategy has existed since the late nineteenth century, but advances and innovations in biotechnological methods in the 1980s and 1990s led to a renewed interest in this type of therapy. Multiple clinical trials investigating the use of agents constructed from a wide range of viruses have since been performed, and several of these enrolled patients with urological malignancies. Data from these clinical trials and from preclinical studies revealed a number of challenges to the effectiveness of oncolytic virotherapy that have prompted the development of further sophisticated strategies. Urological cancers have a range of distinctive features, such as specific genetic mutations and cell surface markers, which enable improving both effectiveness and safety of oncolytic virus treatments. The strategies employed in creating advanced oncolytic agents include alteration of the virus tropism, regulating transcription and translation of viral genes, combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy or gene therapy, arming viruses with factors that stimulate the immune response against tumour cells and delivery technologies to ensure that the viral agent reaches its target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Delwar
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Level 6, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul S Rennie
- Prostate Research Centre, Vancouver General Hospital, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - William Jia
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada
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Wang B, Yan X, Guo Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Xie JS, Meng X. Deficiency of caspase 3 in tumor xenograft impairs therapeutic effect of measles virus Edmoston strain. Oncotarget 2016; 6:16019-30. [PMID: 25909216 PMCID: PMC4599253 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncolytic measles virus Edmonston (MV-Edm) strain shows considerable oncolytic activity against a variety of human tumors. In this study, we report MV-Edm is able to trigger apoptosis pathways in infected tumor cells and elucidate the roles of cellular apoptosis in the whole oncolytic process. We also show that activated caspase 3, a key executioner of apoptosis, plays key roles in the oncolytic virotherapy. Activated caspase 3 can accelerate viral replication in cervical cancer cells and enhance the killing effects of the virus. Deficiency of caspase 3 either in tumor cells or in tumor xenograft significantly desensitized tumor to oncolysis with MV-Edm. In the infected cells, caspase 3 regulates interferon α release, which can inhibit viral replication in neighboring tumor cells. We propose that caspase-3 activation enhances the oncolytic effects of MV-Edm, thus inhibiting tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Qingguo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Tumour Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Laboratory (TAML), First Affiliated Hospital, Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Ji Sheng Xie
- Department of Ecsomatics, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise City, P.R. China
| | - Xin Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University Shenyang, P.R. China
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Siurala M, Vähä-Koskela M, Havunen R, Tähtinen S, Bramante S, Parviainen S, Mathis JM, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. Syngeneic syrian hamster tumors feature tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes allowing adoptive cell therapy enhanced by oncolytic adenovirus in a replication permissive setting. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1136046. [PMID: 27467954 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1136046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has shown promising yet sometimes suboptimal results in clinical trials for advanced cancer, underscoring the need for approaches improving efficacy and safety. Six implantable syngeneic tumor cell lines of the Syrian hamster were used to initiate TIL cultures. TIL generated from tumor fragments cultured in human interleukin-2 (IL-2) for 10 d were adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing hamsters with concomitant intratumoral injections of oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5-D24) for the assessment of antitumor efficacy. Pancreatic cancer (HapT1) and melanoma (RPMI 1846) TIL exhibited potent and tumor-specific cytotoxicity in effector-to-target (E/T) assays. MHC Class I blocking abrogated the cell killing of RPMI 1846 TIL, indicating cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell activity. When TIL were combined with Ad5-D24 in vitro, HapT1 tumor cell killing was significantly enhanced over single agents. In vivo, the intratumoral administration of HapT1 TIL and Ad5-D24 resulted in improved tumor growth control compared with either treatment alone. Additionally, splenocytes derived from animals treated with the combination of Ad5-D24 and TIL killed autologous tumor cells more efficiently than monotherapy-derived splenocytes, suggesting that systemic antitumor immunity was induced. For the first time, TIL of the Syrian hamster have been cultured, characterized and used therapeutically together with oncolytic adenovirus for enhancing the efficacy of TIL therapy. Our results support human translation of oncolytic adenovirus as an enabling technology for adoptive T-cell therapy of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Siurala
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Vähä-Koskela
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Siri Tähtinen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simona Bramante
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Parviainen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
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Swift SL, Stojdl DF. Big Data Offers Novel Insights for Oncolytic Virus Immunotherapy. Viruses 2016; 8:v8020045. [PMID: 26861383 PMCID: PMC4776200 DOI: 10.3390/v8020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale assays, such as microarrays, next-generation sequencing and various “omics” technologies, have explored multiple aspects of the immune response following virus infection, often from a public health perspective. Yet a lack of similar data exists for monitoring immune engagement during oncolytic virus immunotherapy (OVIT) in the cancer setting. Tracking immune signatures at the tumour site can create a snapshot or longitudinally analyse immune cell activation, infiltration and functionality within global populations or individual cells. Mapping immune changes over the course of oncolytic biotherapy—from initial infection to tumour stabilisation/regression through to long-term cure or escape/relapse—has the potential to generate important therapeutic insights around virus-host interactions. Further, correlating such immune signatures with specific tumour outcomes has significant value for guiding the development of novel oncolytic virus immunotherapy strategies. Here, we provide insights for OVIT from large-scale analyses of immune populations in the infection, vaccination and immunotherapy setting. We analyse several approaches to manipulating immune engagement during OVIT. We further explore immunocentric changes in the tumour tissue following immunotherapy, and compile several immune signatures of therapeutic success. Ultimately, we highlight clinically relevant large-scale approaches with the potential to strengthen future oncolytic strategies to optimally engage the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Swift
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - David F Stojdl
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Simpson GR, Relph K, Harrington K, Melcher A, Pandha H. Cancer immunotherapy via combining oncolytic virotherapy with chemotherapy: recent advances. Oncolytic Virother 2016; 5:1-13. [PMID: 27579292 PMCID: PMC4996257 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s66083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are multifunctional anticancer agents with huge clinical potential, and have recently passed the randomized Phase III clinical trial hurdle. Both wild-type and engineered viruses have been selected for targeting of specific cancers, to elicit cytotoxicity, and also to generate antitumor immunity. Single-agent oncolytic virotherapy treatments have resulted in modest effects in the clinic. There is increasing interest in their combination with cytotoxic agents, radiotherapy and immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Similarly to oncolytic viruses, the benefits of chemotherapeutic agents may be that they induce systemic antitumor immunity through the induction of immunogenic cell death of cancer cells. Combining these two treatment modalities has to date resulted in significant potential in vitro and in vivo synergies through various mechanisms without any apparent additional toxicities. Chemotherapy has been and will continue to be integral to the management of advanced cancers. This review therefore focuses on the potential for a number of common cytotoxic agents to be combined with clinically relevant oncolytic viruses. In many cases, this combined approach has already advanced to the clinical trial arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy R Simpson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kate Relph
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Targeted Therapy, The Institute of Cancer Research/The Royal Marsden NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, London
| | - Alan Melcher
- Targeted and Biological Therapies, Oncology and Clinical Research, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Targeted Cancer Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford
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46
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Antoszczyk S, Rabkin SD. Prospect and progress of oncolytic viruses for treating peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015; 4:129-138. [PMID: 27867771 PMCID: PMC5111812 DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2016.1128322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are an assorted group of neoplasms originating from neuroectoderm and growing in peripheral nerves. Malignant transformation leads to a poor prognosis and is often lethal. Current treatment of PNSTs is predominantly surgical, which is often incomplete or accompanied by significant loss of function, in conjunction with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, for which the benefits are inconclusive. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) efficiently kill tumor cells while remaining safe for normal tissues, and are a novel antitumor therapy for patients with PNSTs. AREAS COVERED Because of the low efficacy of current treatments, new therapies for PNSTs are needed. Pre-clinically, OVs have demonstrated efficacy in treating PNSTs and perineural tumor invasion, as well as safety. We will discuss the various PNSTs and their preclinical models, and the OVs being tested for their treatment, including oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenovirus (Ad), and measles virus (MV). OVs can be 'armed' to express therapeutic transgenes or combined with other therapeutics to enhance their activity. EXPERT OPINION Preclinical testing of OVs in PNST models has demonstrated their therapeutic potential and provided support for clinical translation. Clinical studies with other solid tumors have provided evidence that OVs are safe in patients and efficacious. The recent successful completion of a phase III clinical trial of oncolytic HSV paves the way for oncolytic virotherapy to enter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slawomir Antoszczyk
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Samuel D. Rabkin
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
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47
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Garg AD, Galluzzi L, Apetoh L, Baert T, Birge RB, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Breckpot K, Brough D, Chaurio R, Cirone M, Coosemans A, Coulie PG, De Ruysscher D, Dini L, de Witte P, Dudek-Peric AM, Faggioni A, Fucikova J, Gaipl US, Golab J, Gougeon ML, Hamblin MR, Hemminki A, Herrmann M, Hodge JW, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Krysko DV, Land WG, Madeo F, Manfredi AA, Mattarollo SR, Maueroder C, Merendino N, Multhoff G, Pabst T, Ricci JE, Riganti C, Romano E, Rufo N, Smyth MJ, Sonnemann J, Spisek R, Stagg J, Vacchelli E, Vandenabeele P, Vandenberk L, Van den Eynde BJ, Van Gool S, Velotti F, Zitvogel L, Agostinis P. Molecular and Translational Classifications of DAMPs in Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Immunol 2015; 6:588. [PMID: 26635802 PMCID: PMC4653610 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including dendritic cell-based vaccines, checkpoint-blocking therapies, and adoptive T-cell transfer, researchers have started to focus on the overall immunobiology of neoplastic cells. It is now clear that cancer cells can succumb to some anticancer therapies by undergoing a peculiar form of cell death that is characterized by an increased immunogenic potential, owing to the emission of the so-called “damage-associated molecular patterns” (DAMPs). The emission of DAMPs and other immunostimulatory factors by cells succumbing to immunogenic cell death (ICD) favors the establishment of a productive interface with the immune system. This results in the elicitation of tumor-targeting immune responses associated with the elimination of residual, treatment-resistant cancer cells, as well as with the establishment of immunological memory. Although ICD has been characterized with increased precision since its discovery, several questions remain to be addressed. Here, we summarize and tabulate the main molecular, immunological, preclinical, and clinical aspects of ICD, in an attempt to capture the essence of this phenomenon, and identify future challenges for this rapidly expanding field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Lionel Apetoh
- U866, INSERM , Dijon , France ; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne , Dijon , France ; Centre Georges François Leclerc , Dijon , France
| | - Thais Baert
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Raymond B Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, University Hospital Cancer Center, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School , Newark, NJ , USA
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Jette , Belgium
| | - David Brough
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK
| | - Ricardo Chaurio
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - An Coosemans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, UZ Leuven , Leuven , Belgium ; Laboratory of Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Dirk De Ruysscher
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento , Salento , Italy
| | - Peter de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Aleksandra M Dudek-Peric
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | | | - Jitka Fucikova
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland ; Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center , Helsinki , Finland ; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd. , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - James W Hodge
- Recombinant Vaccine Group, Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP , Paris , France ; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Walter G Land
- Molecular ImmunoRheumatology, INSERM UMRS1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz , Graz , Austria ; BioTechMed Graz , Graz , Austria
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- IRRCS Istituto Scientifico San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele , Milan , Italy
| | - Stephen R Mattarollo
- Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland , Wooloongabba, QLD , Australia
| | - Christian Maueroder
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nicolò Merendino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- INSERM, U1065, Université de Nice-Sophia-Antipolis, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), Équipe "Contrôle Métabolique des Morts Cellulaires" , Nice , France
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Erminia Romano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Nicole Rufo
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Insitute , Herston, QLD , Australia ; School of Medicine, University of Queensland , Herston, QLD , Australia
| | - Jürgen Sonnemann
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Children's Clinic, Jena University Hospital , Jena , Germany
| | - Radek Spisek
- SOTIO , Prague , Czech Republic ; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Erika Vacchelli
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers , Paris , France ; U1138, INSERM , Paris , France ; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité , Paris , France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris , France ; Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Molecular Signaling and Cell Death Unit, Inflammation Research Center, VIB , Ghent , Belgium ; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lien Vandenberk
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Benoit J Van den Eynde
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium
| | - Stefaan Van Gool
- Laboratory of Pediatric Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University , Viterbo , Italy
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute , Villejuif , France ; University of Paris Sud , Le Kremlin-Bicêtre , France ; U1015, INSERM , Villejuif , France ; Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 507 , Villejuif , France
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
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Bramante S, Koski A, Liikanen I, Vassilev L, Oksanen M, Siurala M, Heiskanen R, Hakonen T, Joensuu T, Kanerva A, Pesonen S, Hemminki A. Oncolytic virotherapy for treatment of breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1078057. [PMID: 27057453 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1078057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by several distinct biological subtypes, among which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one associated with a poor prognosis. Oncolytic virus replication is an immunogenic phenomenon, and viruses can be armed with immunostimulatory molecules to boost virus triggered antitumoral immune responses. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapy drug that is associated with cytotoxicity and immunosuppression at higher doses, whereas immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic properties are observed at low continuous dosage. Therefore, the combination of oncolytic immuno-virotherapy with low-dose CP is an appealing approach. We investigated the potency of oncolytic adenovirus Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF on a TNBC cell line and in vivo in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model, in combination with low-dose CP or its main active metabolite 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HP-CP). Furthermore, we summarized the breast cancer-specific human data on this virus from the Advanced Therapy Access Program (ATAP). Low-dose CP increased the efficacy of Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF in vitro and in a TNBC mouse model. In ATAP, treatments appeared safe and well-tolerated. Thirteen out of 16 breast cancer patients treated were evaluable for possible benefits with modified RECIST 1.1 criteria: 1 patient had a minor response, 2 had stable disease (SD), and 10 had progressive disease (PD). One patient is alive at 1,771 d after treatment. Ad5/3-D24-GMCSF in combination with low-dose CP showed promising efficacy in preclinical studies and possible antitumor activity in breast cancer patients refractory to other forms of therapy. This preliminary data supports continuing the clinical development of oncolytic adenoviruses for treatment of breast cancer, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bramante
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anniina Koski
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Liikanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Minna Oksanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Siurala
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Anna Kanerva
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Pesonen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; Oncos Therapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Helsinki, Finland; TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki University Central Hospital, Department of Oncology, Helsinki, Finland
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