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Illescas O, Ferrero G, Belfiore A, Pardini B, Tarallo S, Ciniselli CM, Noci S, Daveri E, Signoroni S, Cattaneo L, Mancini A, Morelli D, Milione M, Cordero F, Rivoltini L, Verderio P, Pasanisi P, Vitellaro M, Naccarati A, Gariboldi M. Modulation of faecal miRNAs highlights the preventive effects of a Mediterranean low-inflammatory dietary intervention. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:951-959. [PMID: 38422953 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary interventions have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several diseases, including cancer. A low-inflammatory Mediterranean dietary intervention, conducted as a pilot study in subjects with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), reduced markers of local and systemic inflammation. We aim to determine whether this diet may modulate faecal microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in the gut. METHODS Changes in the faecal miRNome were evaluated by small RNA sequencing at baseline (T0), after the three-month intervention (T1), and after an additional three months (T2). Changes in the transcriptome of healthy rectal mucosa and adenomas were evaluated by RNA sequencing at T0 and T2. The identification of validated miRNA-gene interactions and functional analysis of miRNA targets were performed using in silico approaches. RESULTS Twenty-seven subjects were included in this study. It was observed that the diet modulated 29 faecal miRNAs (p < 0.01; |log2 Fold Change|>1), and this modulation persisted for three months after the intervention. Levels of miR-3612-3p and miR-941 correlated with the adherence to the diet, miR-3670 and miR-4252-5p with faecal calprotectin, and miR-3670 and miR-6867 with serum calprotectin. Seventy genes were differentially expressed between adenoma and normal tissue, and most were different before the dietary intervention but reached similar levels after the diet. Functional enrichment analysis identified the proinflammatory ERK1/2, cell cycle regulation, and nutrient response pathways as commonly regulated by the modulated miRNAs and genes. CONCLUSIONS Faecal miRNAs modulated by the dietary intervention target genes that participate in inflammation. Changes in levels of miRNAs and genes with oncogenic and tumour suppressor functions further support the potential cancer-preventive effect of the low-inflammatory Mediterranean diet. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER REGISTRATION NCT04552405, Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Illescas
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Dept. of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Sonia Tarallo
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara M Ciniselli
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Noci
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Daveri
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Signoroni
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Cattaneo
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mancini
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Laboratory Medicine Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Milione
- First Pathology Division, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Dept. of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; Dept. of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Unit of Immunotherapy of Human Tumors, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Verderio
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pasanisi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Vitellaro
- Hereditary Digestive Tract Tumors Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), c/o IRCCS Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Molecular Epigenomics Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
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Yu Y, Liu Y. LncRNA LINC01339 Hinders the Development of Wilms' Tumor via MiR-135b-3p/ADH1C Axis. Horm Metab Res 2024; 56:244-254. [PMID: 37890508 DOI: 10.1055/a-2184-8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor is a malignant renal cancer that arises within the pediatric urinary system. This study intended to investigate how a novel long non-coding RNA LINC01339 functions in the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor. An elevated miR-135b-3p expression as well as reduced levels of LINC01339 and ADH1C were observed in Wilms' tumor. LINC01339 mediated ADH1C expression by directly binding to miR-135b-3p. The enforced LINC01339 or ADH1C markedly hindered cell growth and migration in Wilms' tumor. The LINC01339 overexpression also repressed the growth of Wilms' tumors in vivo, whereas miR-135b-3p overexpression exerted the opposite effects on Wilms' tumor cells in vitro. Additionally, upregulating miR-135b-3p reversed LINC01339's effects on the cellular processes of Wilms' tumor cells, whereas ADH1C overexpression offset the cancer-promoting influence of miR-135b-3p upregulation on Wilms' tumor progression. Therefore, LINC01339 prevents Wilms' tumor progression by modulating the miR-135b-3p/ADH1C axis. Our findings substantiate that the LINC01339/miR-135 b-3p/ADH1C regulatory axis has potential to be a target for the treatment of Wilms' tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Puren Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang S, Jin S, Zhang C, Hu S, Li H. Beer-gut microbiome alliance: a discussion of beer-mediated immunomodulation via the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1186927. [PMID: 37560062 PMCID: PMC10408452 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1186927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As a long-established fermented beverage, beer is rich in many essential amino acids, vitamins, trace elements, and bioactive substances that are involved in the regulation of many human physiological functions. The polyphenols in the malt and hops of beer are also important active compounds that interact in both directions with the gut microbiome. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which polyphenols, fiber, and other beneficial components of beer are fermentatively broken down by the intestinal microbiome to initiate the mucosal immune barrier and thus participate in immune regulation. Beer degradation products have anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antioxidant, and glucolipid metabolism-modulating potential. We have categorized and summarized reported data on changes in disease indicators and in vivo gut microbiota abundance following alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer consumption. The positive effects of bioactive substances in beer in cancer prevention, reduction of cardiovascular events, and modulation of metabolic syndrome make it one of the candidates for microecological modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Zhang
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuo Jin
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Shumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Tsingtao Brewery Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Huajun Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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4
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Prendecka-Wróbel M, Pigoń-Zając D, Sondej D, Grzywna K, Kamińska K, Szuta M, Małecka-Massalska T. Can Dietary Actives Affect miRNAs and Alter the Course or Prevent Colorectal Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10142. [PMID: 37373289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a diet-related cancer. There is much research into the effects of nutrients on the prevention, modulation, and treatment of colorectal cancer. Researchers are trying to find a correlation between epidemiological observations indicating certain dietary components as the originator in the process of developing colorectal cancer, such as a diet rich in saturated animal fats, and dietary components that could eliminate the impact of harmful elements of the daily nutritional routine, i.e., substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, curcumin, or resveratrol. Nevertheless, it is very important to understand the mechanisms underlying how food works on cancer cells. In this case, microRNA (miRNA) seems to be a very significant research target. MiRNAs participate in many biological processes connected to carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis. However, this is a field with development prospects ahead. In this paper, we review the most significant and well-studied food ingredients and their effects on various miRNAs involved in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Prendecka-Wróbel
- Department of Human Physiology of the Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Pigoń-Zając
- Department of Human Physiology of the Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Daria Sondej
- Department of Human Physiology of the Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Grzywna
- Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Human Physiology of the Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Szuta
- Chair of Oral Surgery, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Teresa Małecka-Massalska
- Department of Human Physiology of the Chair of Preclinical Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
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Zare H, Amiri Ardekani E, Tavakoli A, Bradley R, Tavakoli F, Pasalar M. Reporting of adverse effects of pomegranate in clinical studies: a systematic review. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 0:jcim-2022-0247. [PMID: 37116077 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2022-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Numerous studies have shown the pharmacological effects of pomegranate, such as: anti-cancer, cholesterol-lowering, anti-diabetic, and antihypertensive features. Pomegranate consumption has also revealed some adverse effects. This systematic review aimed to explore the adverse effects of pomegranate reported in clinical studies. CONTENT The keywords "pomegranate", "Punica granatum", "side effect", "clinical trial", and "case report or case series" were searched for in valid databases. Reports about adverse effects of pomegranate were also collected from several international registries. SUMMARY This systematic review included a total of 66 clinical articles. Eleven articles have reported side effects of pomegranate. Twenty-one articles have recorded no side effects in the pomegranate group while 34 articles have not mentioned any side effects for this plant. The study also included 7 case report studies. The most common side effects included gastrointestinal problems, flu-like symptoms, and urinary problems. In case report studies, the most significant reported side effect was allergic reaction. OUTLOOK In summary, pomegranate and its extract seem to be safe according to the reported adverse effects. Meanwhile, conducting more robust controlled trials with pomegranate products and documentation of any probable side effect is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Zare
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Amiri Ardekani
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Iranian Association of Indigenous Knowledge, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Tavakoli
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, USA
| | - Fatemeh Tavakoli
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Nazam N, Jabir NR, Ahmad I, Alharthy SA, Khan MS, Ayub R, Tabrez S. Phenolic Acids-Mediated Regulation of Molecular Targets in Ovarian Cancer: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:274. [PMID: 37259418 PMCID: PMC9962268 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global health concern with a dynamic rise in occurrence and one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Among different types of cancer, ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most diagnosed malignant tumor, while among the gynecological malignancies, it ranks third after cervical and uterine cancer and sadly bears the highest mortality and worst prognosis. First-line treatments have included a variety of cytotoxic and synthetic chemotherapeutic medicines, but they have not been particularly effective in extending OC patients' lives and are associated with side effects, recurrence risk, and drug resistance. Hence, a shift from synthetic to phytochemical-based agents is gaining popularity, and researchers are looking into alternative, cost-effective, and safer chemotherapeutic strategies. Lately, studies on the effectiveness of phenolic acids in ovarian cancer have sparked the scientific community's interest because of their high bioavailability, safety profile, lesser side effects, and cost-effectiveness. Yet this is a road less explored and critically analyzed and lacks the credibility of the novel findings. Phenolic acids are a significant class of phytochemicals usually considered in the nonflavonoid category. The current review focused on the anticancer potential of phenolic acids with a special emphasis on chemoprevention and treatment of OC. We tried to summarize results from experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies unraveling the benefits of various phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid) in chemoprevention and as anticancer agents of clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Nazam
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nasimudeen R. Jabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Research and Development, PRIST University, Vallam, Thanjavur 613403, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A. Alharthy
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid Ayub
- Technology and Innovation Unit, Department of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Mohammadinejad A, Mohajeri T, Aleyaghoob G, Heidarian F, Kazemi Oskuee R. Ellagic acid as a potent anticancer drug: A comprehensive review on in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and drug delivery studies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:2323-2356. [PMID: 34846078 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ellagic acid as a polyphenol or micronutrient, which can be naturally found in different vegetables and fruits, has gained considerable attention for cancer therapy due to considerable biological activities and different molecular targets. Ellagic acid with low hydrolysis and lipophilic and hydrophobic nature is not able to be absorbed in circulation. So, accumulation inside the intestinal epithelial cells or metabolization to other urolithins leads to the limitation of direct evaluation of EA effects in clinical studies. This review focuses on the studies which supported anticancer activity of pure or fruit-extracted ellagic acid through in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and drug delivery methods. The results demonstrate ellagic acid modulates the expression of various genes incorporated in the cancer-related process of apoptosis and proliferation, inflammation related-gens, and oxidative-related genes. Moreover, the ellagic acid formulation in carriers composed of lipid, silica, chitosan, iron- bovine serum albumin nanoparticles obviously enhanced the stable release and confident delivery with minimum loss. Also, in silico analysis proved that ellagic acid was able to be placed at a position of cocrystal ADP, in the deep cavity of the protein target, and tightly interact with binding pocket residues leading to suppression of substrate availability of protein and its activation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadinejad
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Taraneh Mohajeri
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Aleyaghoob
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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8
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Madrigal-Matute J, Bañón-Escandell S. Colorectal Cancer and Microbiota Modulation for Clinical Use. A Systematic Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 75:123-139. [PMID: 35950572 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2108468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top contributors to the global burden of cancer incidence and mortality, with both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its etiology. Environmental factors may be the cause of up to 60% of the risk of developing CRC, with gut microbiota being a crucial modifiable risk factor. The microbial ecosystem plays a vital role in CRC prevention and antitumoral response through modulation of the immune system and production of short-chain fatty acids. Numerous approaches have been followed to modify the gut microbiota in order to reduce the risk of cancer development, improve treatment efficacy, and reduce side effects. This study aims to perform a systematic analysis of the published literature to elucidate whether microbiota modulation through pre-, pro-, and symbiotic treatment and/or nutritional intervention can be beneficial for patients diagnosed with CRC. Our analysis finds that some prebiotics, mainly in the form of oligo- and polysaccharides, probiotics such as lactic strain producers of short-chain fatty acids, and consumption of a Mediterranean plant-based diet may be beneficial for patients diagnosed with CRC. However, there is a need for clinical data which evaluate the modulation of gut microbiota in a safe and effective manner.
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9
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Chen P, Guo Z, Chen F, Wu Y, Zhou B. Recent Advances and Perspectives on the Health Benefits of Urolithin B, A Bioactive Natural Product Derived From Ellagitannins. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917266. [PMID: 35814202 PMCID: PMC9257173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin (Uro) B is a natural compound produced by gut bacteria from ingested ellagitannins (ETs) and ellagic acid (EA), complex polyphenols abundant in foods such as pomegranates, raspberries, blueberries and chestnuts. Uro B has recently garnered considerable attention owing to its wide range of nutraceutical effects and relatively high potency. According to several studies, Uro B prevents the development of hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and tumors due to its strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Many reviews have systematically summarized the health benefits and pharmacological activities of ETs, EA and urolithins (especially Uro A) while available reviews or detailed summaries on the positive impact of Uro B are rarer. Here, we sought to review the pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, regulation of immune function and its associated diseases and preventive potential of Uro B to elucidate its function as a nutritional agent in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Benhong Zhou,
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10
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Therapeutic Effects of Punica granatum (Pomegranate): An Updated Review of Clinical Trials. J Nutr Metab 2021; 2021:5297162. [PMID: 34796029 PMCID: PMC8595036 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5297162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Punica granatum L. belongs to the Punicaceae family which is distributed around the world. Different parts of pomegranate like seed, peel, juice, and leaves are rich in potential bioactive compounds. These plants have found application in traditional medicine such as in treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and endocrine diseases, among others. The present review aimed to summarize the current research on the traditional and scientific applications of P. granatum with regard to the phytochemical content and clinical applications that may be useful for future drug development. Information about P. granatum was obtained from local classic herbal literature and electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Several phytochemical constituents including polyphenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanosides, alkaloids, lignans, and triterpenes have been reported from the plant. Randomized clinical trials have provided evidence as to the pharmacological activities of pomegranate in several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, oral cavity disorders, endocrine disorders, and cancer. The present review has provided an insight into the traditional applications of the plants, and some of them have been validated by scientific evidence, particularly their applications as treatment of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases.
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11
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Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Cortés-Martín A, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Giménez-Bastida JA, Selma MV, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC. Main drivers of (poly)phenol effects on human health: metabolite production and/or gut microbiota-associated metabotypes? Food Funct 2021; 12:10324-10355. [PMID: 34558584 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high human interindividual variability in response to (poly)phenol consumption, the cause-and-effect relationship between some dietary (poly)phenols (flavanols and olive oil phenolics) and health effects (endothelial function and prevention of LDL oxidation, respectively) has been well established. Most of the variables affecting this interindividual variability have been identified (food matrix, gut microbiota, single-nucleotide-polymorphisms, etc.). However, the final drivers for the health effects of (poly)phenol consumption have not been fully identified. At least partially, these drivers could be (i) the (poly)phenols ingested that exert their effect in the gastrointestinal tract, (ii) the bioavailable metabolites that exert their effects systemically and/or (iii) the gut microbial ecology associated with (poly)phenol metabolism (i.e., gut microbiota-associated metabotypes). However, statistical associations between health effects and the occurrence of circulating and/or excreted metabolites, as well as cross-sectional studies that correlate gut microbial ecologies and health, do not prove a causal role unequivocally. We provide a critical overview and perspective on the possible main drivers of the effects of (poly)phenols on human health and suggest possible actions to identify the putative actors responsible for the effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Á Ávila-Gálvez
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan A Giménez-Bastida
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María V Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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12
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Senobari Z, Karimi G, Jamialahmadi K. Ellagitannins, promising pharmacological agents for the treatment of cancer stem cells. Phytother Res 2021; 36:231-242. [PMID: 34697838 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human tumors comprise subpopulations of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs) that possess stemness properties. CSCs can initiate tumors and cause recurrence, metastasis and are also responsible for chemo- and radio-resistance. CSCs may use signaling pathways similar to normal stem cells, including Notch, JAK/STAT, Wnt and Hedgehog pathways. Ellagitannins (ETs) are a broad group of substances with chemopreventive and anticancer activities. The antitumor activity of ETs and their derivatives are mainly related to their antiinflammatory capacity. They are therefore able to modulate secretory growth factors and pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ. Evidence suggests that ETs display their anticancer effect by targeting CSCs and disrupting stem cell signaling. However, there are still few studies in this field. Therefore, high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the ETs on CSCs. This paper reviews the structures, sources and pharmacokinetics of ETs. It also focuses on the function of ETs and their effects on CSCs-related cytokines and the relationship between ETs and signaling pathways in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Senobari
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Shah D, Gandhi M, Kumar A, Cruz-Martins N, Sharma R, Nair S. Current insights into epigenetics, noncoding RNA interactome and clinical pharmacokinetics of dietary polyphenols in cancer chemoprevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1755-1791. [PMID: 34433338 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1968786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported the health-beneficial effects of dietary phytochemicals, namely polyphenols, to prevent various diseases, including cancer. Polyphenols, like (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea, curcumin from turmeric, and ellagic acid from pomegranate are known to act by modulating antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways in the tumor milieu. The evolving literature underscores the role of epigenetic regulation of genes associated with cancer by these polyphenols, primarily via non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNA) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). However, there is little clarity on the exact role(s) played by these ncRNAs and their interactions with other ncRNAs, or with their protein targets, in response to modulation by these dietary polyphenols. Here, we review ncRNA interactions and functional networks of the complex ncRNA interactome with their targets in preclinical studies along with the role of epigenetics as well as key aspects of pharmacokinetics and phytochemistry of dietary polyphenols. We also summarize the current state of clinical trials with these dietary polyphenols. Taken together, this synthetic review provides insights into the molecular aspects underlying the anticancer chemopreventive effects of dietary polyphenols as well as summarizes data on novel biomarkers modulated by these polyphenols for preventive or therapeutic purposes in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Division of Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Timarpur Delhi, India
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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14
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Wong TL, Strandberg KR, Croley CR, Fraser SE, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Fimognari C, Sethi G, Bishayee A. Pomegranate bioactive constituents target multiple oncogenic and oncosuppressive signaling for cancer prevention and intervention. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 73:265-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Giménez-Bastida JA, Ávila-Gálvez MÁ, Espín JC, González-Sarrías A. Evidence for health properties of pomegranate juices and extracts beyond nutrition: A critical systematic review of human studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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New insights into chemical compositions and health promoting effects of edible oils from new resources. Food Chem 2021; 364:130363. [PMID: 34175621 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper discusses the chemical compositions and health benefits of several kinds of oils which are extracted from new resources, including avocado seed oil, jackfruit seed oil, papaya seed oil, custard-apple seed oil, pomegranate seed oil, cherry seed oil, and pumpkin seed oil. In addition, the beneficial components found in these oils provide a future trend towards the utilization of seed oils as functional foods in the prevention and management of various chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the development prospects of some seed oils, such as papaya seed oil or custard-apple seed oil, need to be further studied and reconsidered due to the unconfirmed edibility. Furthermore, some other hindrances need to be solved to make better use of these valuable food industry by-products.
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Al-Harbi SA, Abdulrahman AO, Zamzami MA, Khan MI. Urolithins: The Gut Based Polyphenol Metabolites of Ellagitannins in Cancer Prevention, a Review. Front Nutr 2021; 8:647582. [PMID: 34164422 PMCID: PMC8215145 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.647582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer as a disease continues to ravage the world population without regard to sex, age, and race. Due to the growing number of cases worldwide, cancer exerts a significant negative impact on global health and the economy. Interestingly, chemotherapy has been used over the years as a therapeutic intervention against cancer. However, high cost, resistance, and toxic by-effects to treatment have overshadowed some of its benefits. In recent times, efforts have been ongoing in searching for anticancer therapeutics of plant origin, focusing on polyphenols. Urolithins are secondary polyphenol metabolites derived from the gut microbial action on ellagitannins and ellagic acid-rich foods such as pomegranate, berries, and nuts. Urolithins are emerging as a new class of anticancer compounds that can mediate their cancer-preventive activities through cell cycle arrest, aromatase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, tumor suppression, promotion of autophagy, and senescence, transcriptional regulation of oncogenes, and growth factor receptors. In this review, we discussed the growing shreds of evidence supporting these secondary phenolic metabolites' anticancer properties. Furthermore, we have pointed out some of the future directions needed to establish urolithins as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami A Al-Harbi
- Department of Chemistry, University College in Al-Jamoum, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mazin A Zamzami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Imran Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Cancer Metabolism and Epigenetic Unit, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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López de Las Hazas MC, Gil-Zamorano J, Cofán M, Mantilla-Escalante DC, Garcia-Ruiz A, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Pastor O, Yañez-Mo M, Mazzeo C, Serra-Mir M, Doménech M, Valls-Pedret C, Rajaram S, Sabaté J, Ros E, Sala-Vila A, Dávalos A. One-year dietary supplementation with walnuts modifies exosomal miRNA in elderly subjects. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:1999-2011. [PMID: 32979076 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies and clinical trials support the association of nut consumption with a lower risk of prevalent non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying nut benefits remain to be fully described. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and play a pivotal role in health and disease. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from cells and mediate intercellular communication. Whether nut consumption modulates circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) transported in exosomes is poorly described. METHODS Cognitively healthy elderly subjects were randomized to either control (n = 110, abstaining from walnuts) or daily supplementation with walnuts (15% of their total energy, ≈30-60 g/day, n = 101) for 1-year. C-miRNAs were screened in exosomes isolated from 10 samples, before and after supplementation, and identified c-miRNA candidates were validated in the whole cohort. In addition, nanoparticle tracking analysis and lipidomics were assessed in pooled exosomes from the whole cohort. RESULTS Exosomal hsa-miR-32-5p and hsa-miR-29b-3p were consistently induced by walnut consumption. No major changes in exosomal lipids, nanoparticle concentration or size were found. CONCLUSION Our results provide novel evidence that certain c-miRNAs transported in exosomes are modulated by walnut consumption. The extent to which this finding contributes to the benefits of walnuts deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Cofán
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana C Mantilla-Escalante
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Garcia-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Pastor
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica (UCA-CCM), Hospital Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Yañez-Mo
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Mazzeo
- Department of Molecular Biology, UAM, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Serra-Mir
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Monica Doménech
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cinta Valls-Pedret
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sujatha Rajaram
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Joan Sabaté
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Emilio Ros
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Ctra. De Cantoblanco 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Del Fabbro L, de Gomes MG, Goes AR, Jesse CR. Modulatory response of chrysin supplementation in a experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model: Evaluation of microRNAs influence. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Cortés-Martín A, Iglesias-Aguirre CE, Meoro A, Selma MV, Espín JC. Pharmacological Therapy Determines the Gut Microbiota Modulation by a Pomegranate Extract Nutraceutical in Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001048. [PMID: 33458928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Poly-pharmacological therapy shapes the gut microbiota (GM) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients. The effects of polyphenols in poly-medicated MetS patients are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, and crossover trial in poly-medicated MetS patients (n=50) explored whether the effects of a pomegranate extract nutraceutical (PE, 320 mg phenolics/day for 1 month) are affected by the drug therapy. Considering the lipid-lowering (LL-), anti-hypertensive (HP-) and(or) anti-diabetic (AD-) treatments: GM (16S rRNA sequencing), short-chain fatty acids, 40 inflammatory-metabolic and endotoxemia-related biomarkers, associations between biomarkers and GM with 53 cardiometabolic dysfunctions-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and urolithin metabotypes (UMs) influence are evaluated. Representative SNPs-GM associations after PE include Lactococcus and ClostridiumXIVa with rs5443-GNB3 (G-protein-β-polypeptide-3) and ClostridiumXIVa with rs7903146-TCF7L2 (transcription-factor-7-like-2) and rs1137101-LEPR (leptin-receptor). PE decreases sICAM-1 in LL-patients and the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in all the patients. PE does not affect the other patients' markers as a group or stratifying by UMs. After PE, Lactococcus increases in AD-, LL-, and HP-patients, Bifidobacterium increases in LL- and AD-, while Clostridium XIVa decreases in non-LL- and non-HP-patients. CONCLUSION The prebiotic effect of PE depends on the medication, mainly on HP-treatments. Targeting GM can complement MetS therapy, but the patients' drug therapy should be considered individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cortés-Martín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Carlos Eduardo Iglesias-Aguirre
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Amparo Meoro
- Service of Endocrinology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, Murcia, 30003, Spain
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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21
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Quality Evaluation of the Clinical Trials for Natural Products Used in Cancer: An Evidence-Based Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10227961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The amount of data regarding the use of herbs/herbal products in cancer clinical trials at times creates a great challenge for oncologists to prescribe or counsel patients. It urges critical evaluation of the quality of clinical trials. Herein, for the first time, the clinical trials for herbs used in cancer were critically evaluated on the basis of three widely used scales, i.e., Jadad, Delphi, and Cochrane scales. The literature was collected with the help of online databases, journals, libraries, and books using a number of specific keywords as mentioned in detail in forthcoming sections. A total of 73 clinical trials were extracted, evaluated, and scored for 14 herbs, according to the predefined criteria mentioned below. A major deficiency of “non-blinding of clinical trials” was observed. The principal component analysis revealed four components (PC1–PC4) with a total variability of 68.21%, wherein the highest percentage variability was observed for PC1 loaded with “non-blinding of the clinical trials, no concealment of the treatment allocation, non-blindness of the patient and care provider”, which accounted for 30.81% of the total variability. The next major variability of 14.70% was observed for PC2 loaded with “non-randomization of the studies, non-blinding of the outcome assessors, no proper drop-out procedures, and lack of information regarding baseline characteristics for the groups”. Pearson’s correlation further confirmed a similar correlation pattern for the mentioned deficiencies (p = 0.05). An in-house grading scale was developed, showing a very small portion (16.44%), i.e., 12/73 studies with a good quality, whereas the majority (57.54%) of the studies, i.e., 42/73, were found to be of poor quality. The rules and regulations governing the quality of clinical trials needs to be more stringent and updated for the natural products/herbs used in cancer clinical trials.
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Gil-Zamorano J, Tomé-Carneiro J, Lopez de Las Hazas MC, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Crespo MC, Gómez-Coronado D, Chapado LA, Herrera E, Latasa MJ, Ruiz-Roso MB, Castro-Camarero M, Briand O, Dávalos A. Intestinal miRNAs regulated in response to dietary lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18921. [PMID: 33144601 PMCID: PMC7642330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75751-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of miRNAs in intestinal lipid metabolism is poorly described. The small intestine is constantly exposed to high amounts of dietary lipids, and it is under conditions of stress that the functions of miRNAs become especially pronounced. Approaches consisting in either a chronic exposure to cholesterol and triglyceride rich diets (for several days or weeks) or an acute lipid challenge were employed in the search for intestinal miRNAs with a potential role in lipid metabolism regulation. According to our results, changes in miRNA expression in response to fat ingestion are dependent on factors such as time upon exposure, gender and small intestine section. Classic and recent intestinal in vitro models (i.e. differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine organoids) partially mirror miRNA modulation in response to lipid challenges in vivo. Moreover, intestinal miRNAs might play a role in triglyceride absorption and produce changes in lipid accumulation in intestinal tissues as seen in a generated intestinal Dicer1-deletion murine model. Overall, despite some variability between the different experimental cohorts and in vitro models, results show that some miRNAs analysed here are modulated in response to dietary lipids, hence likely to participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism, and call for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - João Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Lopez de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Del Pozo-Acebo
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain.,Centre of Biomedical Research in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Chapado
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, 28668, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Latasa
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Belén Ruiz-Roso
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Castro-Camarero
- Servicio de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Briand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, Lille, 59000, France
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies Food (IMDEA Food), CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Talib WH, AL-ataby IA, Mahmod AI, Jawarneh S, Al Kury LT, AL-Yasari IH. The Impact of Herbal Infusion Consumption on Oxidative Stress and Cancer: The Good, the Bad, the Misunderstood. Molecules 2020; 25:E4207. [PMID: 32937891 PMCID: PMC7570648 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is associated with the development of many ailments, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. The causal link between oxidative stress and cancer is well established and antioxidants are suggested as a protective mechanism against cancer development. Recently, an increase in the consumption of antioxidant supplements was observed globally. The main sources of these antioxidants include fruits, vegetables, and beverage. Herbal infusions are highly popular beverages consumed daily for different reasons. Studies showed the potent antioxidant effects of plants used in the preparation of some herbal infusions. Such herbal infusions represent an important source of antioxidants and can be used as a dietary protection against cancer. However, uncontrolled consumption of herbal infusions may cause toxicity and reduced antioxidant activity. In this review, eleven widely consumed herbal infusions were evaluated for their antioxidant capacities, anticancer potential and possible toxicity. These herbal infusions are highly popular and consumed as daily drinks in different countries. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for researchers to have better understanding of the use of herbal infusions to reduce oxidative stress and as protective supplements against cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Israa A. AL-ataby
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Asma Ismail Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Sajidah Jawarneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutic, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan; (I.A.A.); (A.I.M.); (S.J.)
| | - Lina T. Al Kury
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE;
| | - Intisar Hadi AL-Yasari
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology, Al-Qasim Green University, Babylon 00964, Iraq;
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Sudha T, Mousa DS, El-Far AH, Mousa SA. Pomegranate ( Punica granatum) Fruit Extract Suppresses Cancer Progression and Tumor Angiogenesis of Pancreatic and Colon Cancer in Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1350-1356. [PMID: 32757677 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1800768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit extract contains many polyphenols and flavonoids of diverse biological importance including anticancer potential. In cancer, the angiogenesis process facilitates solid cancer growth and metastasis. Here, the antiangiogenic effect of pomegranate fruit extract against human pancreatic cancer (Suit-2) and colon (colo205) cell lines in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was studied along with the effect of pomegranate fruit extract on fibroblast growth factor (FGF2). Pomegranate fruit extract significantly reduced the tumor weight and hemoglobin content in CAM models of pancreatic Suit-2 and colon colo205.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangirala Sudha
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | - Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
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Cueva C, Silva M, Pinillos I, Bartolomé B, Moreno-Arribas MV. Interplay between Dietary Polyphenols and Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2020; 12:E625. [PMID: 32120799 PMCID: PMC7146370 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Dietary features play an important role in its development, and the involvement of human microbial communities in this pathology has also recently been recognized. Individuals with CRC display alterations in gut bacterial composition and a notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria in colonic tumors. Many experimental studies and preclinical evidence propose that dietary polyphenols have a relevant role in CRC development and progression, mainly attributed to their immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, polyphenols can modulate oral and gut microbiota, and in turn, intestinal microbes catabolize polyphenols to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the original phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to review and summarize current knowledge on the role of microbiota and the interactions between dietary polyphenols and microbiota in relation to CRC development. We have highlighted the mechanisms by which dietary polyphenols and/or their microbial metabolites exert their action on the pathogenesis and prevention of CRC as modulators of the composition and/or activity of oral and intestinal microbiota, including novel screening biomarkers and possible nutritional therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Institute of Food Science Research (CIAL), CSIC-UAM, C/Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.C.); (M.S.); (I.P.); (B.B.)
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Ghadiri M, Ramezani M, Askari VR. Antiinflammatory and anti‐cancer activities of pomegranate and its constituent, ellagic acid: Evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2020; 34:685-720. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mobarakeh Ghadiri
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mobina Ramezani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Ekine-Afolabi BA, Njan AA, Rotimi SO, R. I. A, Elbehi AM, Cash E, Adeyeye A. The Impact of Diet on the Involvement of Non-Coding RNAs, Extracellular Vesicles, and Gut Microbiome-Virome in Colorectal Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:583372. [PMID: 33381452 PMCID: PMC7769005 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.583372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world today. The third most common cancer and which is most diet related is colorectal cancer (CRC). Although there is complexity and limited understanding in the link between diet and CRC, the advancement in research methods have demonstrated the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as key regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are a class of ncRNAs are key players in cancer related pathways in the context of dietary modulation. The involvement of ncRNA in cancer progression has recently been clarified throughout the last decade. ncRNAs are involved in biological processes relating to tumor onset and progression. The advances in research have given insights into cell to cell communication, by highlighting the pivotal involvement of extracellular vesicle (EV) associated-ncRNAs in tumorigenesis. The abundance and stability of EV associated ncRNAs act as a new diagnostic and therapeutic target for cancer. The understanding of the deranging of these molecules in cancer can give access to modulating the expression of the ncRNAs, thereby influencing the cancer phenotype. Food derived exosomes/vesicles (FDE) are gaining interest in the implication of exosomes in cell-cell communication with little or no understanding to date on the role FDE plays. There are resident microbiota in the colon; to which the imbalance in the normal intestinal occurrence leads to chronic inflammation and the production of carcinogenic metabolites that lead to neoplasm. Limited studies have shown the implication of various types of microbiome in CRC incidence, without particular emphasis on fungi and protozoa. This review discusses important dietary factors in relation to the expression of EV-associated ncRNAs in CRC, the impact of diet on the colon ecosystem with particular emphasis on molecular mechanisms of interactions in the ecosystem, the influence of homeostasis regulators such as glutathione, and its conjugating enzyme-glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphism on intestinal ecosystem, oxidative stress response, and its relationship to DNA adduct fighting enzyme-0-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms and interaction in the intestinal ecosystem will inform on the diagnostic, preventive and prognosis as well as treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi
- ZEAB Therapeutic, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bene A. Ekine-Afolabi,
| | - Anoka A. Njan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | | | - Anu R. I.
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, MVR Cancer Centre and Research Institute, Calicut, India
| | - Attia M. Elbehi
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- School of Care and Health Sciences, University of South Wales, Cardif, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Cash
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, High Impact Cancer Research Postgraduate Certificate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Communicative Disorders, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Ademola Adeyeye
- Department of Surgery, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Montgomery M, Srinivasan A. Epigenetic Gene Regulation by Dietary Compounds in Cancer Prevention. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1012-1028. [PMID: 31100104 PMCID: PMC6855955 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, cancer has been viewed as a set of diseases that are driven by the accumulation of genetic mutations, but we now understand that disruptions in epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are prevalent in cancer as well. Unlike genetic mutations, however, epigenetic alterations are reversible, making them desirable therapeutic targets. The potential for diet, and bioactive dietary components, to target epigenetic pathways in cancer is now widely appreciated, but our understanding of how to utilize these compounds for effective chemopreventive strategies in humans is in its infancy. This review provides a brief overview of epigenetic regulation and the clinical applications of epigenetics in cancer. It then describes the capacity for dietary components to contribute to epigenetic regulation, with a focus on the efficacy of dietary epigenetic regulators as secondary cancer prevention strategies in humans. Lastly, it discusses the necessary precautions and challenges that will need to be overcome before the chemopreventive power of dietary-based intervention strategies can be fully harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKale Montgomery
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK,Address correspondence to MM (E-mail: )
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López de Las Hazas MC, Martin-Hernández R, Crespo MC, Tomé-Carneiro J, Del Pozo-Acebo L, Ruiz-Roso MB, Escola-Gil JC, Osada J, Portillo MP, Martinez JA, Navarro MA, Rubió L, Motilva MJ, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Identification and validation of common molecular targets of hydroxytyrosol. Food Funct 2019; 10:4897-4910. [PMID: 31339147 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01159e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is involved in healthful activities and is beneficial to lipid metabolism. Many investigations focused on finding tissue-specific targets of HT through the use of different omics approaches such as transcriptomics and proteomics. However, it is not clear which (if any) of the potential molecular targets of HT reported in different studies are concurrently affected in various tissues. Following the bioinformatic analyses of publicly available data from a selection of in vivo studies involving HT-supplementation, we selected differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins common to more than one study, for validation in rodent liver samples from the entire selection. Four miRNAs (miR-802-5p, miR-423-3p, miR-30a-5p, and miR-146b-5p) responded to HT supplementation. Of note, miR-802-5p was commonly regulated in the liver and intestine. Our premise was that, in an organ crucial for lipid metabolism such as the liver, consistent modulation should be found for a specific target of HT even if different doses and duration of HT supplementation were used in vivo. Even though our results show inconsistency regarding differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes and proteins across studies, we found Fgf21 and Rora as potential novel targets of HT. Omics approaches should be fine-tuned to better exploit the available databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Postprandial Circulating miRNAs in Response to a Dietary Fat Challenge. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061326. [PMID: 31200481 PMCID: PMC6627817 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Postprandial lipemia has many physiopathological effects, some of which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in almost all biological fluids, but their postprandial kinetics are poorly described. We aimed to profile circulating miRNAs in response to a fat challenge. In total, 641 circulating miRNAs were assessed by real-time PCR in plasmas from mice two hours after lipid gavage. Mice with intestine-specific loss of Dicer were screened to identify potential miRNAs released by the intestine. A total of 68 miRNAs were selected for further validation. Ten circulating miRNAs were finally validated as responsive to postprandial lipemia, including miR-206-3p, miR-543-3p, miR-466c-5p, miR-27b-5p, miR-409-3p, miR-340-3p, miR-1941-3p, miR-10a-3p, miR-125a-3p, and miR-468-3p. Analysis of their possible tissues of origin/target showed an enrichment of selected miRNAs in liver, intestine, brain, or skeletal muscle. miR-206, miR-27b-5p, and miR-409-3p were validated in healthy humans. Analysis of their predicted target genes revealed their potential involvement in insulin/insulin like growth factor (insulin/IGF), angiogenesis, cholecystokinin B receptor signaling pathway (CCKR), inflammation or Wnt pathways for mice, and in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and CCKR signaling pathways for humans. Therefore, the current study shows that certain miRNAs are released in the circulation in response to fatty meals, proposing them as potential novel therapeutic targets of lipid metabolism.
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Scaioli E, Belluzzi A, Ricciardiello L, Del Rio D, Rotondo E, Mena P, Derlindati E, Danesi F. Pomegranate juice to reduce fecal calprotectin levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a high risk of clinical relapse: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:327. [PMID: 31171016 PMCID: PMC6554985 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of intestinal inflammation and is thought to be related to an autoimmune reaction to genetic and environmental factors. Although evidence indicates that a polyphenolic-rich diet plays an important role in modulating aspects of chronic inflammation, few studies have focused on the effect of ellagitannin (ET)-rich food consumption on long-term remission maintenance in IBD patients with a high risk of clinical relapse. Therefore, we hypothesize that supplementation with a pomegranate juice, a naturally rich source of ETs, could significantly modulate the markers of mucosal and systemic inflammation relative to a control group receiving a placebo. Methods/design This double-blind, randomized controlled trial includes patients with IBD involving the colorectum who have been in stable therapy for at least the three previous months and have a high risk of clinical relapse. Participants are randomly allocated to one of two groups: active supplementation (125 mL of cv. Wonderful pomegranate juice) or placebo (125 mL) taken twice daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is changes in the fecal neutrophil-derived protein calprotectin, a surrogate marker of mucosal improvement, between the two groups from baseline to 12 weeks later. The secondary outcomes include transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and intestinal biopsies and changes in circulating inflammatory markers and trimethylamine-N-oxide levels. Pomegranate ET-derived metabolites are identified and quantified in plasma and urine samples. Discussion The results will provide information on the possible reduction of fecal calprotectin levels following the consumption of pomegranate juice. The findings will also show the in vivo metabolism of pomegranate ETs. Finally, the effect of 12-week pomegranate juice consumption on local and systemic inflammatory markers will be elucidated, which will likely provide additional insights into the maintenance of remission in IBD patients. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03000101. Registered on 21 December 2016. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-019-3321-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Scaioli
- Gastroenterological Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Belluzzi
- Gastroenterological Unit, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Gastroenterological Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio, 10, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Enrica Rotondo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Medical School, Building C, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Eleonora Derlindati
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Danesi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Campus of Food Science, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich, 60, 47521, Cesena, FC, Italy.
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Andrade MA, Lima V, Sanches Silva A, Vilarinho F, Castilho MC, Khwaldia K, Ramos F. Pomegranate and grape by-products and their active compounds: Are they a valuable source for food applications? Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Urolithin A Is a Dietary Microbiota-Derived Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonist. Metabolites 2018; 8:metabo8040086. [PMID: 30501068 PMCID: PMC6315438 DOI: 10.3390/metabo8040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithins (e.g., UroA and B) are gut microbiota-derived metabolites of the natural polyphenol ellagic acid. Urolithins are associated with various health benefits, including attenuation of inflammatory signaling, anti-cancer effects and repression of lipid accumulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of urolithins remain unclear. We hypothesize that some of the human health benefits of urolithins are mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Utilizing a cell-based reporter system, we tested urolithins for the capacity to modulate AHR activity. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) mRNA levels were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Competitive ligand binding assays were performed to determine whether UroA is a direct ligand for the AHR. Subcellular AHR protein levels were examined utilizing immunoblotting analysis. AHR expression was repressed in Caco-2 cells by siRNA transfection to investigate AHR-dependency. UroA and B were able to antagonize 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced AHR-mediated transcriptional activity. Furthermore, UroA and B attenuated TCDD-mediated stimulation of CYP1A1 mRNA levels. In addition, competitive ligand binding assays characterized UroA as a direct AHR ligand. Consistent with other AHR antagonists, UroA failed to induce AHR retention in the nucleus. AHR is necessary for UroA-mediated attenuation of cytokine-induced interleukin 6 (IL6) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression in Caco-2 cells. Here we identified UroA as the first dietary-derived human selective AHR antagonist produced by the gut microbiota through multi-step metabolism. Furthermore, previously reported anti-inflammatory activity of UroA may at least in part be mediated through AHR.
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Afrin S, Giampieri F, Gasparrini M, Forbes-Hernández TY, Cianciosi D, Reboredo-Rodriguez P, Zhang J, Manna PP, Daglia M, Atanasov AG, Battino M. Dietary phytochemicals in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment: A focus on the molecular mechanisms involved. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 38:107322. [PMID: 30476540 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cancer type and leading cause of death. Unfortunately, current medical treatments are not sufficient due to lack of effective therapy, adverse side effects, chemoresistance and disease recurrence. In recent decades, epidemiologic observations have highlighted the association between the ingestion of several phytochemical-enriched foods and nutrients and the lower risk of CRC. According to preclinical studies, dietary phytochemicals exert chemopreventive effects on CRC by regulating different markers and signaling pathways; additionally, the gut microbiota plays a role as vital effector in CRC onset and progression, therefore, any dietary alterations in it may affect CRC occurrence. A high number of studies have displayed a key role of growth factors and their signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of CRC. Indeed, the efficiency of dietary phytochemicals to modulate carcinogenic processes through the alteration of different molecular targets, such as Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, MAPK (p38, JNK and Erk1/2), EGFR/Kras/Braf, TGF-β/Smad2/3, STAT1-STAT3, NF-кB, Nrf2 and cyclin-CDK complexes, has been proven, whereby many of these targets also represent the backbone of modern drug discovery programs. Furthermore, epigenetic analysis showed modified or reversed aberrant epigenetic changes exerted by dietary phytochemicals that led to possible CRC prevention or treatment. Therefore, our aim is to discuss the effects of some common dietary phytochemicals that might be useful in CRC as preventive or therapeutic agents. This review will provide new guidance for research, in order to identify the most studied phytochemicals, their occurrence in foods and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals for the prevention or treatment of CRC by targeting several genes and signaling pathways, as well as epigenetic modifications. In addition, the results obtained by recent investigations aimed at improving the production of these phytochemicals in genetically modified plants have been reported. Overall, clinical data on phytochemicals against CRC are still not sufficient and therefore the preventive impacts of dietary phytochemicals on CRC development deserve further research so as to provide additional insights for human prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Afrin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Tamara Y Forbes-Hernández
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Patricia Reboredo-Rodriguez
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain)
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Piera Pia Manna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Atanas Georgiev Atanasov
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, Vienna 1090, Austria; Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A Street, Jastrzebiec 05-552, Poland.
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Dept. of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, (Spain); Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO)-Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
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González-Sarrías A, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Ávila-Gálvez MA, Monedero-Saiz T, Rodríguez-Gil FJ, Martínez-Díaz F, Selma MV, Espín JC. Consumption of pomegranate decreases plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein levels, a marker of metabolic endotoxemia, in patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2018; 9:2617-2622. [PMID: 29770393 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00264a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis alters the intestinal barrier function, increases plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, which promotes endotoxemia, and contributes to the onset and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We report here for the first time the reduction of plasma LPS-binding protein (LBP) levels, a marker of endotoxemia, after pomegranate consumption in newly diagnosed CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Gerhauser C. Impact of dietary gut microbial metabolites on the epigenome. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170359. [PMID: 29685968 PMCID: PMC5915727 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the past decade, epigenetic mechanisms and their modulation by natural products have gained increasing interest. Dietary bioactive compounds from various sources, including green tea, soya, fruit and berries, cruciferous vegetables, whole grain foods, fish and others, have been shown to target enzymes involved in epigenetic gene regulation, including DNA methyltransferases, histone acetyltransferases, deacetylases and demethylases in vitro and in cell culture. Also, many dietary agents were shown to alter miRNA expression. In vivo studies in animal models and humans are still limited. Recent research has indicated that the gut microbiota and gut microbial metabolites might be important mediators of diet-epigenome interactions. Inter-individual differences in the gut microbiome might affect release, metabolism and bioavailability of dietary agents and explain variability in response to intervention in human studies. Only a few microbial metabolites, including folate, phenolic acids, S-(-)equol, urolithins, isothiocyanates, and short- and long-chain fatty acids have been tested with respect to their potential to influence epigenetic mechanisms. Considering that a complex mixture of intermediary and microbial metabolites is present in human circulation, a more systematic interdisciplinary investigation of nutri-epigenetic activities and their impact on human health is called for.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Frontiers in epigenetic chemical biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Gerhauser
- Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Dietary supplementation with hybrid palm oil alters liver function in the common Marmoset. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2765. [PMID: 29426919 PMCID: PMC5807430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid palm oil, which contains higher levels of oleic acid and lower saturated fatty acids in comparison with African palm oil, has been proposed to be somehow equivalent to extra virgin olive oil. However, the biological effects of its consumption are poorly described. Here we have explored the effects of its overconsumption on lipid metabolism in a non-human primate model, the common marmoset. Dietary supplementation of marmoset with hyperlipidic diet containing hybrid palm oil for 3 months did not modify plasma lipids levels, but increased glucose levels as compared to the supplementation with African palm oil. Liver volume was unexpectedly found to be more increased in marmosets consuming hybrid palm oil than in those consuming African palm oil. Hepatic total lipid content and circulating transaminases were dramatically increased in animals consuming hybrid palm oil, as well as an increased degree of fibrosis. Analysis of liver miRNAs showed a selective modulation of certain miRNAs by hybrid palm oil, some of which were predicted to target genes involved in cell adhesion molecules and peroxisomal pathways. Our data suggest that consumption of hybrid palm oil should be monitored carefully, as its overconsumption compared to that of African palm oil could involve important alterations to hepatic metabolism.
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González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Romo-Vaquero M, Alasalvar C, Örem A, Zafrilla P, Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC. Clustering according to urolithin metabotype explains the interindividual variability in the improvement of cardiovascular risk biomarkers in overweight-obese individuals consuming pomegranate: A randomized clinical trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 27879044 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The pomegranate lipid-lowering properties remain controversial, probably due to the interindividual variability in polyphenol (ellagitannins) metabolism. OBJECTIVE We aimed at investigating whether the microbially derived ellagitannin-metabolizing phenotypes, i.e. urolithin metabotypes A, (UM-A), B (UM-B), and 0 (UM-0), influence the effects of pomegranate extract (PE) consumption on 18 cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy overweight-obese individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS A double-blind, crossover, dose-response, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. The study (POMEcardio) consisted of two test phases (dose-1 and dose-2, lasting 3 weeks each) and a 3-week washout period between each phase. Forty-nine participants (BMI > 27 kg/m2 ) daily consumed one (dose-1, 160 mg phenolics/day) or four (dose-2, 640 mg phenolics/day) PE or placebo capsules. Notably, UM-B individuals showed the highest baseline cardiovascular risk. After dose-2, total cholesterol (-15.5 ± 3.7%), LDL-cholesterol (-14.9 ± 2.1%), small LDL-cholesterol (-47 ± 7%), non-HDL-cholesterol (-11.3 ± 2.5%), apolipoprotein-B (-12 ± 2.2%), and oxidized LDL-cholesterol -24 ± 2.5%) dose dependently decreased (P < 0.05) but only in UM-B subjects. These effects were partially correlated with urolithin production and the increase in Gordonibacter levels. Three (50%) nonproducers (UM-0) became producers following PE consumption. CONCLUSIONS UM clustering suggests a personalized effect of ellagitannin-containing foods and could explain the controversial pomegranate benefits. Research on the specific role of urolithins and the microbiota associated with each UM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Romo-Vaquero
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Asim Örem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, , Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Pilar Zafrilla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Catholic University of San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María V Selma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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García-Blanco T, Dávalos A, Visioli F. Tea, cocoa, coffee, and affective disorders: vicious or virtuous cycle? J Affect Disord 2017; 224:61-68. [PMID: 27916427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of psychiatric disorders is increasing worldwide, which underscores the importance of increasing research in this field, in terms of better detection, prevention based on improvement of lifestyle and diet, and effectiveness of treatment. Increasing evidence suggest that diet and exercise can affect proper neuronal development and physiology and protect the brain from neurological illnesses or injuries. Of note, cocoa, tea, and coffee are being actively investigated because they are rich in (poly)phenolic compounds that can modulate mental health, namely brain plasticity, behavior, mood, depression, and cognition. METHODS We here systematically review human studies conducted on tea, cocoa, and coffee as related to affective disorders such as depression and anxiety. We carried out a systematic literature search in April 2016, using MEDLINE, on data from the last 10 years. After screening 955 articles, we selected 17 articles that met the criteria of being human studies and that used whole foods or their components. RESULTS The results of our systematic review indicate that consumption of tea, cocoa, or coffee might have protective effects against depression. CONCLUSIONS Even though this is encouraging, it should be underscored that the near totality of the current evidence comes from observational studies. Ad-hoc human trials and mechanistic, basic science studies are needed before we can provide sound advice to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Francesco Visioli
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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The gut microbiota: A key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly)phenols. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 139:82-93. [PMID: 28483461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
(Poly)phenols (PPs) constitute a large family of phytochemicals with high chemical diversity that are known to be active principles of plant-derived nutraceuticals and herbal medicinal products. Their pharmacological activity, however, is difficult to demonstrate due to their mild physiological effects, and to the large inter-individual variability observed. Many PPs have little bioavailability and reach the colon almost unaltered. There they encounter the gut microbes resulting in a two-way interaction in which PPs modulate the gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal microbes catabolize the ingested PPs to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the native phenolic compounds. The type and quantity of the PP metabolites produced in humans depend on the gut microbiota composition and function, and different metabotypes have been identified. However, not all the metabolites have the same biological activity, and therefore the final health effects of dietary PPs depend on the gut microbiota composition. Stratification in clinical trials according to individuals' metabotypes is necessary to fully understand the health effects of PPs. In this review, we present and discuss the most significant and updated knowledge regarding the reciprocal interrelation of the gut microbiota with dietary PPs as a key factor that modulates the health effects of these compounds. The review will focus in those PPs that are known to be metabolized by gut microbiota resulting in bioactive metabolites.
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Del Cornò M, Donninelli G, Conti L, Gessani S. Linking Diet to Colorectal Cancer: The Emerging Role of MicroRNA in the Communication between Plant and Animal Kingdoms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:597. [PMID: 28424679 PMCID: PMC5380760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and lifestyle factors, including diet and nutritional habits have been strongly linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). Of note, unhealthy dietary habits leading to adiposity represent a main risk factor for CRC and are associated with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status. Inflammation is a hallmark of almost every type of cancer and can be modulated by several food compounds exhibiting either protective or promoting effects. However, in spite of an extensive research, the underlying mechanisms by which dietary patterns or bioactive food components may influence tumor onset and outcome have not been fully clarified yet. Growing evidence indicates that diet, combining beneficial substances and potentially harmful ingredients, has an impact on the expression of key regulators of gene expression such as the non-coding RNA (ncRNA). Since the expression of these molecules is deranged in chronic inflammation and cancer, modulating their expression may strongly influence the cancer phenotype and outcomes. In addition, the recently acquired knowledge on the existence of intricate inter-kingdom communication networks, is opening new avenues for a deeper understanding of the intimate relationships linking diet to CRC. In this novel scenario, diet-modulated ncRNA may represent key actors in the interaction between plant and animal kingdoms, capable of influencing disease onset and outcome. In this review, we will summarize the studies demonstrating a link between bioactive food components, including food-derived, microbiota-processed, secondary metabolites, and host ncRNA. We will focus on microRNA, highlighting how this plant/animal inter-kingdom cross-talk may have an impact on CRC establishment and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy.,Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy.,Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy.,Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy.,Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di SanitáRome, Italy
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Panth N, Manandhar B, Paudel KR. Anticancer Activity ofPunica granatum(Pomegranate): A Review. Phytother Res 2017; 31:568-578. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health and Allied Science; Pokhara University; PO Box 427, Dhungepatan Kaski Nepal
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Nuñez-Sánchez MA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Monedero-Saiz T, García-Talavera NV, Gómez-Sánchez MB, Sánchez-Álvarez C, García-Albert AM, Rodríguez-Gil FJ, Ruiz-Marín M, Pastor-Quirante FA, Martínez-Díaz F, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC, García-Conesa MT. Gene expression changes in colon tissues from colorectal cancer patients following the intake of an ellagitannin-containing pomegranate extract: a randomized clinical trial. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:126-133. [PMID: 28183047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The clinical evidence of dietary polyphenols as colorectal cancer (CRC) chemopreventive compounds is very weak. Verification in humans of tissue-specific molecular regulation by the intake of polyphenols requires complex clinical trials that allow for the procurement of sufficient pre- and postsupplementation tissue samples. Ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA) and their gut microbiota-derived metabolites, the urolithins, modify gene expression in colon normal and cancer cultured cells. We conducted here the first clinical trial with 35 CRC patients daily supplemented with 900 mg of an ET-containing pomegranate extract (PE) and evaluated the expression of various CRC-related genes in normal and cancerous colon tissues before (biopsies) and after (surgical specimens) 5-35 days of supplementation. Tissues were also obtained from 10 control patients (no supplementation) that confirmed a large, gene- and tissue-specific interindividual variability and impact of the experimental protocol on gene expression, with some genes induced (MYC, CD44, CDKN1A, CTNNB1), some repressed (CASP3) and others not affected (KRAS). Despite these issues, the consumption of the PE was significantly associated with a counterbalance effect in the expression of CD44, CTNNB1, CDKN1A, EGFR and TYMs, suggesting that the intake of this PE modulated the impact of the protocol on gene expression in a gene- and tissue-specific manner. These effects were not associated with the individuals' capacity to produce specific urolithins (i.e., metabotypes) or the levels of urolithins and EA in the colon tissues and did not reproduce in vitro effects evidencing the difficulty of demonstrating in vivo the in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Nuñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tamara Monedero-Saiz
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain; Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - María B Gómez-Sánchez
- Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Álvarez
- Nutrition, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Albert
- Digestive, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ruiz-Marín
- Surgery, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Pastor-Quirante
- Anatomical Pathology Services, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez-Díaz
- Anatomical Pathology Services, Hospital Reina Sofía, Avda. Intendente Jorge Palacios s/n, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María-Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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Sharma P, McClees SF, Afaq F. Pomegranate for Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: An Update. Molecules 2017; 22:E177. [PMID: 28125044 PMCID: PMC5560105 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and those who survive cancer may experience lasting difficulties, including treatment side effects, as well as physical, cognitive, and psychosocial struggles. Naturally-occurring agents from dietary fruits and vegetables have received considerable attention for the prevention and treatment of cancers. These natural agents are safe and cost efficient in contrast to expensive chemotherapeutic agents, which may induce significant side effects. The pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit has been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of diseases and ailments for centuries in ancient cultures. Pomegranate exhibits strong antioxidant activity and is a rich source of anthocyanins, ellagitannins, and hydrolysable tannins. Studies have shown that the pomegranate fruit as well as its juice, extract, and oil exert anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-tumorigenic properties by modulating multiple signaling pathways, which suggest its use as a promising chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the role of pomegranate in prevention and treatment of skin, breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Sarah F McClees
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Tomás-Barberán FA, Selma MV, Espín JC. Interactions of gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols and consequences to human health. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:471-476. [PMID: 27490306 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary (poly)phenolic compounds have received attention over the last 20 years as antioxidants with preventive properties against chronic diseases. However, the evidence of these effects in clinical trials is weak, mainly because of a considerable interindividual variability. Polyphenols bioavailability is low, and gut microbiota metabolize them into simpler metabolites. As gut microbiota vary among individuals, such interindividual variability should be considered as a moderating factor in clinical trials. In this review, we show evidence of interactions with gut microbiota that help understanding polyphenols' health effects. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that dietary polyphenols are relevant in the modulation of gut microbiota and that these microorganisms convert polyphenols into active and bioavailable metabolites; hence, variations in gut microbiota can affect polyphenol activity. SUMMARY The results show that study participants' stratification by their polyphenol-metabolizing phenotypes would be necessary for clinical trials as specific metabotypes produce the bioactive metabolites responsible for the health effects. Metabotypes can also reflect the gut microbiota composition and metabolic status, and could be biomarkers of the potential polyphenol health effects mediated through gut microbiota.
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Tomás-Barberán FA, González-Sarrías A, García-Villalba R, Núñez-Sánchez MA, Selma MV, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Urolithins, the rescue of “old” metabolites to understand a “new” concept: Metabotypes as a nexus among phenolic metabolism, microbiota dysbiosis, and host health status. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María A. Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María V. Selma
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - María T. García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality; Safety; and Bioactivity of Plant Foods; CEBAS-CSIC; Murcia Spain
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Crespo MC, Iglesias-Gutierrez E, Martín R, Gil-Zamorano J, Tomas-Zapico C, Burgos-Ramos E, Correa C, Gómez-Coronado D, Lasunción MA, Herrera E, Visioli F, Dávalos A. Hydroxytyrosol supplementation modulates the expression of miRNAs in rodents and in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 34:146-55. [PMID: 27322812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary microRNAs (miRNAs) modulation could be important for health and wellbeing. Part of the healthful activities of polyphenols might be due to a modulation of miRNAs' expression. Among the most biologically active polyphenols, hydroxytyrosol (HT) has never been studied for its actions on miRNAs. We investigated whether HT could modulate the expression of miRNAs in vivo. We performed an unbiased intestinal miRNA screening in mice supplemented (for 8 weeks) with nutritionally relevant amounts of HT. HT modulated the expression of several miRNAs. Analysis of other tissues revealed consistent HT-induced modulation of only few miRNAs. Also, HT administration increased triglycerides levels. Acute treatment with HT and in vitro experiments provided mechanistic insights. The HT-induced expression of one miRNA was confirmed in healthy volunteers supplemented with HT in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. HT consumption affects specific miRNAs' expression in rodents and humans. Our findings suggest that the modulation of miRNAs' action through HT consumption might partially explain its healthful activities and might be pharmanutritionally exploited in current therapies targeting endogenous miRNAs. However, the effects of HT on triglycerides warrant further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Carmen Crespo
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Eduardo Iglesias-Gutierrez
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33003, Spain; Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Roberto Martín
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Judit Gil-Zamorano
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Tomas-Zapico
- Department of Functional Biology (Physiology), University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33003, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Área de Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La-Mancha, Toledo 45071, Spain
| | - Carlos Correa
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid 28034, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid 28668, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy.
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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González-Sarrías A, Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Tomé-Carneiro J, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Comprehensive characterization of the effects of ellagic acid and urolithins on colorectal cancer and key-associated molecular hallmarks: MicroRNA cell specific induction of CDKN1A (p21) as a common mechanism involved. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:701-16. [PMID: 26634414 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Ellagitannins, ellagic acid, and the colonic metabolites urolithins (Uros) exhibit anticancer effects against colon cells, but a comprehensive molecular analysis has not been done. Herein, we used a panel of cell lines to first time evaluate the antiproliferative properties and accompanying molecular responses of two ellagitannin metabolites mixtures mimicking the situation in vivo and of each individual metabolite. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined cell growth, cell cycle, apoptosis, and the expression of related genes and microRNAs (miRs) in a panel of nonmalignant and malignant colon cell lines. Regardless of the composition, the mixed metabolites similarly inhibited proliferation, induced cycle arrest, and apoptosis. All the metabolites contributed to these effects, but Uro-A, isourolithin A, Uro-C, and Uro-D were more potent than Uro-B and ellagic acid. Despite molecular differences between the cell lines, we discerned relevant changes in key cancer markers and corroborated the induction of CDKN1A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A gene (p21, Cip1); encoding p21) as a common step underlying the anticancer properties of Uros. Interestingly, cell-unique downregulation of miR-224 or upregulation of miR-215 was found associated with CDKN1A induction. CONCLUSION Physiologically relevant mixtures of Uros exert anticancer effects against colon cancer cells via a common CDKN1A upregulatory mechanism. Other associated molecular responses are however heterogeneous and mostly cell-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González-Sarrías
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Teresa García-Conesa
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
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