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Wu Y, Nie Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu W, Wang T, Zhang Y, Cao S, Li Z, Zheng J, Nie Z, Zhou L. Associations between temporal eating patterns and body composition in young adults: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2071-2080. [PMID: 38700577 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine the associations between body composition and temporal eating patterns, including time of first eating occasion, time of last eating occasion, eating window, and eating jet lag (the variability in meal timing between weekdays and weekends). METHODS A total of 131 participants were included in the study. Temporal eating pattern information was collected through consecutive 7-day eat timing questionnaires and photographic food records. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships of temporal eating patterns with body composition, and age was adjusted. Eating midpoint was additionally adjusted in the analysis of eating window. RESULTS On weekdays, both later first eating occasion and last eating occasion were associated with lower lean mass, and longer eating window was associated with lower body fat percentage. On weekends, both later first eating occasion and last eating occasion were associated with lower lean mass, and longer eating window was associated with higher FFMI. Longer first eating occasion jet lag was associated with lower lean mass. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that earlier and more regular eating patterns may have a benefit on body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchi Wu
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Nie
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqian Wang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaling Zhang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Li
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianghong Zheng
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Zichun Nie
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene and Toxicology, Academy of Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, No. 10, Huangjiahu Road, Wuhan, China.
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Wan KW, Dai ZH, Ho RST, Wendy Yajun H, Wong SHS. Comparative effects of time-restricted feeding versus normal diet on physical performance and body composition in healthy adults with regular exercise habits: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001831. [PMID: 39224198 PMCID: PMC11367337 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a form of intermittent fasting, limits daily caloric intake to a 6-12 hour window and has been shown to effectively promote weight loss and improve overall health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of TRF versus normal diet (ND) on physical performance and body composition in healthy adults with regular exercise habits. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) electronic databases were searched for relevant records. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on the duration of intervention and type of exercise. Physical performance was analysed using standardised mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs, whereas body composition parameters were analysed using mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs. The quality of the included studies was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool version 2. Results 15 randomised controlled trials with 361 participants were included in the systematic review. In comparison with the ND group, TRF significantly decreased body weight (MD=-1.76 kg, 95% CI -3.40 to -0.13, p=0.03, I2=11.0%) and fat mass (MD=-1.24 kg, 95% CI -1.87 to -0.61, p<0.001, I2=0.0%). No between-group differences in physical performance-related variables and fat-free mass were found. According to the result of the risk-of-bias assessment, one study showed a low risk of bias, 13 showed some concerns, and one showed a high risk of bias. Conclusion TRF may be a valuable nutritional strategy to optimise body composition and maintain physical performance in healthy adults engaged in regular exercise. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022310140.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-wen Wan
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-han Dai
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Robin Sze-tak Ho
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Wendy Yajun
- Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Bakhsh JA, Vu MH, Salvy SJ, Goran MI, Vidmar AP. Effects of 8-h time-restricted eating on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13165. [PMID: 39188065 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise mechanisms underlying the health benefits of time-restricted eating (TRE) are unclear, particularly in adolescents. OBJECTIVES This secondary analysis examines the impact of 8-h TRE on energy intake, dietary composition and quality in adolescents with obesity, using data from a 12-week randomized, controlled pilot trial. METHODS Participants (14-18 years with BMI >95th percentile) were assigned to either 8-h TRE with real-time or blinded continuous glucose monitoring or a control group with a 12+ h eating window. Dietary intake was analysed using the Nutrient Data System Recall 24-h Dietary Recall and the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020) for assessing diet quality. RESULTS The study included 44 participants (32 TRE, 12 control), predominantly female and Hispanic/Latino. The TRE group showed a significant reduction in mean energy intake (-441 kcal/day), carbohydrates (-65 g/day), added sugar (-19 g/day) and fat (-19 g/day), while the control group had a similar reduction in energy intake (-437 kcal/day) and carbohydrates (-63 g/day), but no significant changes in added sugar or fat. The percent energy intake from protein increased more in the TRE group compared to the control. The TRE group experienced a significant improvement in diet quality, with a 6.3-point increase in HEI-2020 score; however, between-group comparisons were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION There were no significant differences between the TRE and control groups in energy intake, dietary composition or quality. Future research with larger sample sizes is needed to further evaluate the potential impact of TRE on dietary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomanah A Bakhsh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - My H Vu
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sarah Jeanne Salvy
- Department of Medicine, Research Center for Health Equity, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang YY, Tian F, Qian XL, Ying HM, Zhou ZF. Effect of 5:2 intermittent fasting diet versus daily calorie restriction eating on metabolic-associated fatty liver disease-a randomized controlled trial. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1439473. [PMID: 39229586 PMCID: PMC11368853 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1439473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Both 5:2 IF diet (intermittent fasting) and daily caloric restriction eating had been suggested for management of MAFLD (Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease), this study aimed to evaluate the effects of 5:2 IF diet on body weight and metabolic parameters in adults with MAFLD, in comparison to daily caloric restriction eating. Methods This single-center, double-blind, prospective, randomized controlled trial included 60 patients with MAFLD, who were administered either a 5:2 IF diet limited calories consumed for 2 days each week with no restrictions on the remaining 5 (Group 5:2 IF diet) or a daily calorie restriction eating (Group daily calorie restriction). Fibrotouch-B instrument assessment, ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis, anthropometric indices and body composition analysis, blood sample measurements were conducted during two distinct visits: initially on the day of study commencement (T1), and subsequently at the conclusion of the 12-week intervention period (T2). Results In comparison to daily calorie restriction eating, the 5:2 IF diet significantly decreased the proportion of hepatic steatosis ≥moderate (29.6% vs. 59.3%, p = 0.028) and the degree of hepatic fibrosis F ≥ 2 (3.7% vs. 25.9%, p = 0.05), and fewer percentage of patients were diagnosed with fatty liver via upper abdominal ultrasound in the 5:2 intermittent fasting diet group (33.3% vs. 63.0%, p = 0.029). Additionally, the CAP (controlled attenuation parameter) and LSM (liver stiffness measurements) value were significantly lower in the 5:2 IF diet group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of weight, BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist to hip ratio). Similarly, there were no significant differences in lipid profile, glycemic indices and adverse events (p > 0.05). Conclusion In summary, although both 5:2 IF diet and daily caloric restriction eating achieved similar effect on body weight, liver enzymes, lipid profile and glycemic indices after 12 weeks treatment, 5:2 IF diet demonstrates better improvement in fibrosis and steatosis scores independently from weight regulation. Consequently, it is anticipated to emerge as a viable dietary modality for lifestyle intervention among patients diagnosed with MAFLD. Clinical trial registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier ChiCTR2400080292.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-lu Qian
- Department of Endocrinology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-min Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-feng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Qianjiang New City Campus, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University), Hangzhou, China
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Peters B, Pappe CL, Koppold DA, Schipp K, Arnrich B, Michalsen A, Dommisch H, Steckhan N, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Twenty-Four Hour Glucose Profiles and Glycemic Variability during Intermittent Religious Dry Fasting and Time-Restricted Eating in Subjects without Diabetes: A Preliminary Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2663. [PMID: 39203800 PMCID: PMC11357114 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent religious fasting increases the risk of hypo- and hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes, but its impact on those without diabetes has been poorly investigated. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the effects of religious Bahá'í fasting (BF) on glycemic control and variability and compare these effects with time-restricted eating (TRE). In a three-arm randomized controlled trial, 16 subjects without diabetes were assigned to a BF, TRE, or control group. Continuous glucose monitoring and food intake documentation were conducted before and during the 19 days of the intervention, and the 24 h mean glucose and glycemic variability indices were assessed. The BF and TRE groups, but not the control group, markedly reduced the daily eating window while maintaining macronutrient composition. Only the BF group decreased caloric intake (-677.8 ± 357.6 kcal, p = 0.013), body weight (-1.92 ± 0.95 kg, p = 0.011), and BMI (-0.65 ± 0.28 kg, p = 0.006). Higher maximum glucose values were observed during BF in the within-group (+1.41 ± 1.04, p = 0.039) and between-group comparisons (BF vs. control: p = 0.010; TRE vs. BF: p = 0.022). However, there were no alterations of the 24 h mean glucose, intra- and inter-day glycemic variability indices in any group. The proportions of time above and below the range (70-180 mg/dL) remained unchanged. BF and TRE do not exhibit negative effects on glycemic control and variability in subjects without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Peters
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christina Laetitia Pappe
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela A. Koppold
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schipp
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Bert Arnrich
- Digital Health-Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nico Steckhan
- Digital Health-Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
- Evidence-Based Digital Diabetology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Medicine III, Prevention and Care of Type 2 Diabetes, Technical University of Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Ribas-Latre A, Fernández-Veledo S, Vendrell J. Time-restricted eating, the clock ticking behind the scenes. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1428601. [PMID: 39175542 PMCID: PMC11338815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1428601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining metabolic balance relies on accumulating nutrients during feeding periods and their subsequent release during fasting. In obesity and metabolic disorders, strategies aimed at reducing food intake while simulating fasting have garnered significant attention for weight loss. Caloric restriction (CR) diets and intermittent fasting (IF) interventions have emerged as effective approaches to improving cardiometabolic health. Although the comparative metabolic benefits of CR versus IF remain inconclusive, this review focuses on various forms of IF, particularly time-restricted eating (TRE). Methods This study employs a narrative review methodology, systematically collecting, synthesizing, and interpreting the existing literature on TRE and its metabolic effects. A comprehensive and unbiased search of relevant databases was conducted to identify pertinent studies, including pre-clinical animal studies and clinical trials in humans. Keywords such as "Obesity," "Intermittent Fasting," "Time-restricted eating," "Chronotype," and "Circadian rhythms" guided the search. The selected studies were critically appraised based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, allowing for a thorough exploration and synthesis of current knowledge. Results This article synthesizes pre-clinical and clinical studies on TRE and its metabolic effects, providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and identifying gaps for future research. It explores the metabolic outcomes of recent clinical trials employing different TRE protocols in individuals with overweight, obesity, or type II diabetes, emphasizing the significance of individual chronotype, which is often overlooked in practice. In contrast to human studies, animal models underscore the role of the circadian clock in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by obesity through time-restricted feeding (TRF) interventions. Consequently, we examine pre-clinical evidence supporting the interplay between the circadian clock and TRF interventions. Additionally, we provide insights into the role of the microbiota, which TRE can modulate and its influence on circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari de Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Cirugia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain
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Tang S, Wu H, Chen Q, Tang T, Li J, An H, Zhu S, Han L, Sun H, Ge J, Qian X, Wang X, Wang Q. Maternal Obesity Induces the Meiotic Defects and Epigenetic Alterations During Fetal Oocyte Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309184. [PMID: 38868907 PMCID: PMC11321662 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that obesity adversely impacts reproductive performance of females. However, the effects of maternal obesity on fetal germ cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, by employing a high-fat diet (HFD)-based mouse model, it is discovered that maternal obesity disrupts the chromosomal synapsis and homologous recombination during fetal oogenesis. Moreover, transcriptomic profiling reveales the potential molecular network controlling this process. Of note, the global hypermethylation of genomic DNA in fetal oocytes from obese mouse is detected. Importantly, time-restricted feeding (TRF) of obese mice not only ameliorate the meiotic defects, but also partly restore the epigenetic remodeling in fetal oocytes. In sum, the evidence are provided showing the deficit fetal oogenesis in obese mother, implicating a mechanism underlying the intergenerational effects of environmental insults. TRF may represent a potentially effective approach for mitigating fertility issues in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huihua Wu
- Suzhou Municipal HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiuzhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Huiqing An
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Longsen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Hongzheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Juan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xu Qian
- Department of Nutrition and Food HygieneSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring HealthChangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care HospitalChangzhou Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing211166China
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Liang X, Chen J, An X, Ren Y, Liu Q, Huang L, Zhang P, Qu P, Li J. The optimal time restricted eating interventions for blood pressure, weight, fat mass, glucose, and lipids: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2024; 34:389-401. [PMID: 37838299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous systematic review or meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of optimal time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions on cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. This meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the effect of a suitable TRE on CVD risk factors. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify trials reporting the effects of TRE, relative to non-diet controls, on CVD risk factors in humans. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect sizes, and the results are expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of the study population, age, duration of intervention, and baseline mean BMI on the CVD indexes. RESULTS TRE intervention significantly reduced systolic pressure (SBP) (MD: -3.45 mmHg; 95%CI:(-6.20,-0.71) mmHg; P = 0.01), body weight (MD: -1.63 Kg; 95%CI:(-2.09,-1.17) Kg; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: -0.47 Kg/m2; 95% CI: (-0.72, -0.22) Kg/m2; P<0.001), and fat mass (MD: -0.98 Kg; 95% CI: (-1.51,-0.44) Kg; P<0.001), and reduced blood glucose levels. Based on the results of subgroup analysis, this meta-analysis identified the optimal TRE for BP (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants with obesity and aged ≥ 45 years), obesity (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and female participants aged ≥ 45 years), lipids (with an 8 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants aged < 45 years), and glucose (with a 10-12 h feeding window, last eating time point before 6 PM, and female participants aged < 45years). CONCLUSIONS Relative to a non-diet control, TRE is effective for the improvement of CVD risks. Moreover, individual TRE interventions should be developed for different populations to achieve the most effective health improvement for CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Liang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xizou An
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yanling Ren
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ping Qu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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9
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Lin Z, Sun L. Research advances in the therapy of metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364881. [PMID: 39139641 PMCID: PMC11319131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome refers to the pathological state of metabolic disorder of protein, fat, carbohydrate, and other substances in the human body. It is a syndrome composed of a group of complex metabolic disorders, whose pathogenesis includes multiple genetic and acquired entities falling under the category of insulin resistance and chronic low-grade inflammationand. It is a risk factor for increased prevalence and mortality from diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular diseases are the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality globally, thus it is imperative to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome on alleviating this substantial disease burden. Despite the increasing number of scientists dedicating themselves to researching metabolic syndrome in recent decades, numerous aspects of this condition remain incompletely understood, leaving many questions unanswered. In this review, we present an epidemiological analysis of MetS, explore both traditional and novel pathogenesis, examine the pathophysiological repercussions of metabolic syndrome, summarize research advances, and elucidate the mechanisms underlying corresponding treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Lin
- Edinburgh Medical School, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, International Campus, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Luning Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Jin X, Deng Y, Zhang W, Xu X, Rong S. Counting hours or calories? Metabolic regulatory role of time-restricted eating in adults with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39069716 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) effectively improves healthspan, including controlling obesity and improving metabolic health. To date, few meta-analyses have been conducted to explore the effects of various protocols of TRE in participants with overweight/obesity. PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up until October 15, 2022. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that investigated the effect of TRE on body weight, body composition and cardiometabolic parameters in participants with overweight/obesity were included. Mean differences of changes from the baseline were used for all analyses between the two groups. Prespecified subgroup analyses based on different protocols of TRE were performed. Twenty-three studies were included in the meta-analysis with 1867 participants. TRE interventions led to significant changes in body weight. When energy restriction strategies were conducted in both the TRE and control groups, the weight-loss effect of TRE remained significant. TRE with 4 ∼ 8h feeding window, morning or late eating strategies, led to reduction in body weight and fat mass for at least 8 wk. Hence TRE is a potential and effective approach for weight loss for participants with overweight/obesity. An 8h-TRE intervention with a morning eating strategy for at least eight weeks might be the optimum TRE intervention mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University; Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xintian Xu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Rong
- Academy of Nutrition and Health, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Wuhan University; Research Center of Public Health, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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11
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Darvishzadeh Mahani F, Raji-Amirhasani A, Khaksari M, Mousavi MS, Bashiri H, Hajializadeh Z, Alavi SS. Caloric and time restriction diets improve acute kidney injury in experimental menopausal rats: role of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 and transforming growth factor beta 1. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:812. [PMID: 39007943 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen has a protective impact on acute kidney injury (AKI); moreover, reducing the daily intake of calories impedes developing diseases. The present study aimed to determine the effects of calorie restriction (CR) and time restriction (TR) diets on the expression of silent information regulator 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and other indicators in the presence and absence of ovaries in AKI female rats. METHODS The female rats were divided into two groups, ovariectomized (OVX) and sham, and were placed on CR and TR diets for eight weeks; afterward, AKI was induced by injecting glycerol, and kidney injury indicators and biochemical parameters were measured before and after AKI. RESULTS After AKI, the levels of urine albumin excretion rate, urea, and creatinine in serum, and TGF-β1 increased, while creatinine clearance and SIRT1 decreased in kidney tissue. CR improved kidney indicators and caused a reduction in TGF-β1 and an increase in SIRT1 in ovary-intact rats. Moreover, CR prevented total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decrease and malondialdehyde (MDA) increase resulting from AKI. Before AKI, an increase in body weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC), and a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were observed in OVX rats compared to sham rats, but CR prevented these changes. The effects of TR were similar to those of CR in all indicators except for TGF-β1, SIRT1, urea, creatinine, and albumin. CONCLUSION The present study indicated that CR is more effective than TR in preventing AKI, probably by increasing SIRT1 and decreasing TGF-β1 in ovary-intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Darvishzadeh Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alireza Raji-Amirhasani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Kerman University of Medical SciencesKerman, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Physiology Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, 22 Bahman Blvd, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Sadat Mousavi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Shafa Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Hajializadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Sadat Alavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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12
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Mena-Hernández DR, Jiménez-Domínguez G, Méndez JD, Olvera-Hernández V, Martínez-López MC, Guzmán-Priego CG, Reyes-López Z, Ramos-García M, Juárez-Rojop IE, Zavaleta-Toledo SS, Ble-Castillo JL. Effect of Early Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Markers and Body Composition in Individuals with Overweight or Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:2187. [PMID: 39064630 PMCID: PMC11279456 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early time-restricted eating (eTRE) on metabolic markers and body composition in individuals with overweight or obesity. Seventeen subjects completed a randomized, crossover, and controlled clinical trial. Twelve women and five men participated, with a mean age of 25.8 ± 10.0 years and a BMI of 32.0 ± 6.3 kg/m2. The eTRE intervention included 16 h of fasting (3:00 pm to 7:00 am) and 8 h of ad libitum eating (7:00 am to 03:00 pm) (16:8). The trial included four weeks of interventions followed by a four-week washout period. Body weight, waist and hip circumferences, and body composition measurements were taken. Additionally, a venous blood sample was collected for biochemical determinations. In a before-after analysis, eTRE induced a reduction in BW and BMI in women but this was not significant when compared to the control group. eTRE did not modify any other anthropometric measurements, fasting biochemical parameters, glycemic and insulinemic responses, blood pressure, or subjective appetite. In conclusion, eTRE did not induce beneficial effects on the glycemic and lipid metabolisms, body composition, subjective appetite, or blood pressure. These findings may be attributed to the special characteristics of the population and the short intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Rubí Mena-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Jiménez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico
| | - José D. Méndez
- Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Ciudad de México 06703, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Olvera-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Mirian C. Martínez-López
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Crystell G. Guzmán-Priego
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Zeniff Reyes-López
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Meztli Ramos-García
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Isela E. Juárez-Rojop
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
| | - Selene S. Zavaleta-Toledo
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital General de Zona No. 46, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Villahermosa 86060, Mexico
| | - Jorge L. Ble-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud (DACS), Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86150, Mexico
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13
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Bakhsh JA, Vidmar AP, Salvy SJ. Intermittent Fasting in Youth: A Scoping Review. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4524102. [PMID: 39011109 PMCID: PMC11247931 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4524102/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) focuses on the timing of eating rather than diet quality or energy intake, with evidence supporting its effects on weight loss and cardiometabolic outcomes in adults. However, there is limited evidence for its efficacy in adolescents and emerging adults. To address this, a scoping review examined IF regimens in individuals aged 10 to 25, focusing on methodology, intervention parameters, outcomes, adherence, feasibility, and efficacy. The review included 39 studies with 731 participants aged 15 to 25. Methodologies varied, with 18 studies on time-restricted eating and others requiring caloric restriction. Primary outcomes included cardiometabolic risk factors (11/29), body composition (9/29), anthropometric measurements (8/29), and feasibility (2/29). Most studies reported significant weight loss. This review underscores IF's potential in treating obesity in this age group but highlights the need for rigorous studies with standardized frameworks for feasibility to ensure comparability and determine IF's practicality in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomanah A Bakhsh
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of USC, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
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14
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Ma RX. A detective story of intermittent fasting effect on immunity. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38922825 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periodic fasting routines, that caloric intake is minimized not by meal portion size reduction but by intermittently eliminating ingestion of one or several consecutive meals. IF can instigate comprehensive and multifaceted alterations in energy metabolism, these metabolic channels may aboundingly function as primordial mechanisms that interface with the immune system, instigating intricate immune transformations. This review delivers a comprehensive understanding of IF, paying particular attention to its influence on the immune system, thus seeking to bridge these two research domains. We explore how IF effects lipid metabolism, hormonal levels, circadian rhythm, autophagy, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier integrity, and conjecture about the mechanisms orchestrating the intersect between these factors and the immune system. Moreover, the review includes research findings on the implications of IF on the immune system and patients burdened with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Xue Ma
- School of Medical, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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15
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Wohlgemuth KJ, Conner MJ, Tinsley GM, Palmer TB, Mota JA. Strategies for Improving Firefighter Health On-Shift: A Review. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:105. [PMID: 38921641 PMCID: PMC11204757 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The fire service suffers from high rates of cardiovascular disease and poor overall health, and firefighters often suffer fatal and non-fatal injuries while on the job. Most fatal injuries result from sudden cardiac death, while non-fatal injuries are to the musculoskeletal system. Previous works suggest a mechanistic link between several health and performance variables and injury risk. In addition, studies have suggested physical activity and nutrition can improve overall health and occupational performance. This review offers practical applications for exercise via feasible training modalities as well as nutritional recommendations that can positively impact performance on the job. Time-efficient training modalities like high-intensity interval training and feasible modalities such as resistance training offer numerous benefits for firefighters. Also, modifying and supplementing the diet and can be advantageous for health and body composition in the fire service. Firefighters have various schedules, making it difficult for planned exercise and eating while on shift. The practical training and nutritional aspects discussed in this review can be implemented on-shift to improve the overall health and performance in firefighters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealey J. Wohlgemuth
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | | | - Grant M. Tinsley
- Energy Balance and Body Composition Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Ty B. Palmer
- Muscular Assessment Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Jacob A. Mota
- Neuromuscular and Occupational Performance Laboratory, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
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16
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Świątkiewicz I, Nuszkiewicz J, Wróblewska J, Nartowicz M, Sokołowski K, Sutkowy P, Rajewski P, Buczkowski K, Chudzińska M, Manoogian ENC, Taub PR, Woźniak A. Feasibility and Cardiometabolic Effects of Time-Restricted Eating in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:1802. [PMID: 38931157 PMCID: PMC11206952 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and a prolonged daily eating window (EW) are associated with circadian rhythm disruption and increased cardiometabolic risk. Misalignment between circadian timing system and daily rhythms of food intake adversely impacts metabolic regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular function. Restricting the daily EW by imposing an eating-fasting cycle through time-restricted eating (TRE) can restore robust circadian rhythms, support cellular metabolism, and improve cardiometabolic health. The aim of this study was to assess a feasibility of 12-week TRE intervention with self-selected 10 h EW and effects of TRE on EW duration, cardiometabolic outcomes, daily rhythms of behavior, and wellbeing in Polish patients with MetS and EW ≥ 14 h/day. Dietary intake was monitored with a validated myCircadianClock application (mCC app). Adherence to TRE defined as the proportion of days recorded with mCC app in which participants satisfied 10-h TRE was the primary outcome. A total of 26 patients (aged 45 ± 13 years, 62% women, 3.3 ± 0.5 MetS criteria, EW 14 ± 1.5 h/day) were enrolled. Coexistence of increased waist circumference (WC) (96% of patients), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (77%), and elevated blood pressure (BP) (69%) was the most common MetS pattern (50%). TRE intervention (mean duration of 81.6 ± 12.6 days) led to reducing daily EW by 28% (p < 0.0001). Adherence to TRE was 87 ± 13%. Adherence to logging food intake on mCC app during TRE was 70 ± 27%. Post TRE, a decrease in body weight (2%, 1.7 ± 3.6 kg, p = 0.026), body mass index (BMI) (1%, 0.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2, p = 0.027), WC (2%, 2.5 ± 3.9 cm, p = 0.003), systolic BP (4%, 4.8 ± 9.0 mmHg, p = 0.012), FPG (4%, 3.8 ± 6.9 mg/dL, p = 0.037), glycated hemoglobin (4%, 0.2 ± 0.4%, p = 0.011), mean fasting glucose level from continuous glucose monitor (CGM) (4%, 4.0 ± 6.1 mg/dL, p = 0.002), and sleepiness score (25%, 1.9 ± 3.2 points, p = 0043) were observed. A significant decrease in body weight (2%), BMI (2%), WC (3%), mean CGM fasting glucose (6%), sleepiness score (27%), and depression score (60%) was found in patients with mean post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day (58% of total), and not in patients with EW > 10 h/day. Adherence to TRE was higher in patients with post-TRE EW ≤ 10 h/day vs. patients with EW > 10 h/day (94 ± 6% vs. 77 ± 14%, p = 0.003). Our findings indicate that 10-h TRE was feasible in the European MetS population. TRE resulted in reducing daily EW and improved cardiometabolic outcomes and wellbeing in patients with MetS and prolonged EW. Use of the mCC app can aid in implementing TRE. This pilot clinical trial provides exploratory data that are a basis for a large-scale randomized controlled trial to determine the efficacy and sustainability of TRE for reducing cardiometabolic risks in MetS populations. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of TRE effects, including its impact on circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Świątkiewicz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Jarosław Nuszkiewicz
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Joanna Wróblewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Małgorzata Nartowicz
- Clinical Nutrition Team, Oncology Center—Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Sokołowski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Sutkowy
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
| | - Paweł Rajewski
- Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disorders Treatment, 85-676 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences in Bydgoszcz, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Buczkowski
- Department of Family Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Chudzińska
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-626 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Emily N. C. Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Pam R. Taub
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.N.); (J.W.); (K.S.); (P.S.); (A.W.)
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17
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Wang B, Hou J, Mao Z, Chen C, Wang C, Yu S. Association between dinner-bedtime interval and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a large-scale cross-sectional study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:1039-1045. [PMID: 38932796 PMCID: PMC11196427 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-023-01382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective Glucose metabolism is impacted by circadian disruption. Dinner-bedtime interval (DBI) was an accessible indicator to reflect the alignment between dinner time and circadian clock. We aimed to investigate the association of DBI with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 7676 adult subjects from the Henan Rural Cohort were included. Their demographic information including dinner time and bedtime was collected. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for biochemical determinations. Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing DBI. Furthermore, logistic regression incorporated with restricted cubic spline model was applied to evaluate the association between DBI and T2DM. Results The results of multiple linear regression model showed that age (β: -0.018, 95% CI: -0.021, -0.015) was negatively correlated with DBI. Female (β: 0.311, 95% CI: 0.229, 0.393), junior high school education (β: 0.246, 95% CI: 0.187, 0.306), high school education or above (β: 0.346, 95% CI: 0.259, 0.433), average monthly income with 1000-1999 CNY(0.102, 95% CI: 0.032, 0.171), average monthly income ≥ 2000 CNY (β: 0.164, 95% CI: 0.076, 0.251), moderate physical activity (β: 0.134, 95% CI: 0.071, 0.197), current smokers (β: 0.214, 95% CI: 0.118, 0.309), current drinkers (β: 0.099, 95% CI: 0.008, 0.190) were positively correlated with DBI. Furthermore, DBI was significantly associated with T2DM (adjusted OR: 0.910, 95%CI: 0.845-0.979, P = 0.012). DBI longer than 3 h was associated with decreased risk of T2DM (adjusted OR: 0.773, 95%CI: 0.648-0.921, P = 0.004). Conclusions DBI larger than 3 h is beneficial to T2DM prevention. Further investigation is required to verify the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hou
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changying Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Songcheng Yu
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou City, 450001 People’s Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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18
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Sepúlveda B, Marín A, Burrows R, Sepúlveda A, Chamorro R. It's About Timing: Contrasting the Metabolic Effects of Early vs. Late Time-Restricted Eating in Humans. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:214-239. [PMID: 38625630 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Time-restricted eating (TRE), a form of intermittent fasting, restricts feeding time across the day, imposing a daily 'eating window'. The time of day when the eating window occurs could result in differential metabolic effects. Here, we describe recent intervention studies in humans assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- (i.e., eating window starting in the early morning) vs. late (i.e., eating window starting after midday)-TRE protocol. RECENT FINDINGS Well-controlled studies indicate that both TRE protocols effectively reduce body weight and improve altered glucose metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation, or blood pressure levels. An early-TRE (e-TRE) might have a further positive impact on improving blood glucose, insulin levels, and insulin resistance. However, the studies directly assessing the metabolic consequences of an early- vs. late-TRE have shown dissimilar findings, and more well-controlled clinical trials are needed on the metabolic benefits of these two types of TRE. Evidence suggests that an e-TRE might have enhanced metabolic results, particularly regarding glucose homeostasis. More long-term studies, including larger sample sizes, are needed to assess the metabolic, circadian, and adherence benefits, together with socio-cultural acceptance of both TRE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardita Sepúlveda
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Marín
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Food and Nutrition Unit, Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Sepúlveda
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Chamorro
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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19
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Mao Z, Cawthon PM, Kritchevsky SB, Toledo FGS, Esser KA, Erickson ML, Newman AB, Farsijani S. The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The study of muscle, mobility and aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14059. [PMID: 38059319 PMCID: PMC11166361 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies highlight chrononutrition's impact on body composition through circadian clock entrainment, but its effect on older adults' muscle health remains largely overlooked. To determine the associations between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health in older adults. Dietary data from 828 older adults (76 ± 5 years) recorded food/beverage amounts and their clock time over the past 24 h. Studied chrononutrition behaviors included: (1) The clock time of the first and last food/beverage intake; (2) Eating window (the time elapsed between the first and last intake); and (3) Eating frequency (Number of self-identified eating events logged with changed meal occasion and clock time). Muscle mass (D3-creatine), leg muscle volume (MRI), grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), and leg power (Keiser) were used as outcomes. We used linear regression to assess the relationships between chrononutrition and muscle health, adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education, study site, self-reported health, energy, protein, fiber intake, weight, height, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Average eating window was 11 ± 2 h/day; first and last intake times were at 8:22 and 19:22, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, a longer eating window and a later last intake time were associated with greater muscle mass (β ± SE: 0.18 ± 0.09; 0.27 ± 0.11, respectively, p < 0.05). The longer eating window was also marginally associated with higher leg power (p = 0.058). An earlier intake time was associated with higher grip strength (-0.38 ± 0.15; p = 0.012). Chrononutrition behaviors, including longer eating window, later last intake time, and earlier first intake time were associated with better muscle mass and function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Mao
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Peggy M. Cawthon
- California Pacific Medical Center Research InstituteUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen B. Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology & Geriatric Medicine and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's PreventionWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Frederico G. S. Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- Department of Physiology and AgingUniversity of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | | | - Anne B. Newman
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Samaneh Farsijani
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Center for Aging and Population HealthUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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20
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Varady KA, Runchey MC, Reutrakul S, Vidmar AP, Chow LS. Clinical potential of fasting in type 1 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:413-424. [PMID: 38331668 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Most adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are either overweight or obese. As such, dietary management is recommended as an adjunct to insulin treatment to improve glycemic control and facilitate weight loss in these patients. Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a form of intermittent fasting that offers a simplified approach to treating obesity in T1DM. TRE typically involves restricting eating to 6 to 10 h per day, with water and medications allowed outside the eating window. This review examines the efficacy of TRE and other fasting protocols in improving weight and glycemic control in patients with obesity and T1DM. This review will also evaluate the safety of these regimens and provide advice to clinicians on implementing intermittent fasting in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mary-Claire Runchey
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alaina P Vidmar
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa S Chow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, MN, USA
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21
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Quist JS, Pedersen HE, Jensen MM, Clemmensen KKB, Bjerre N, Ekblond TS, Uldal S, Størling J, Wewer Albrechtsen NJ, Holst JJ, Torekov SS, Nyeland ME, Vistisen D, Jørgensen ME, Panda S, Brock C, Finlayson G, Blond MB, Færch K. Effects of 3 months of 10-h per-day time-restricted eating and 3 months of follow-up on bodyweight and cardiometabolic health in Danish individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes: the RESET single-centre, parallel, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e314-e325. [PMID: 38588687 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(24)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) has been suggested to be a simple, feasible, and effective dietary strategy for individuals with overweight or obesity. We aimed to investigate the effects of 3 months of 10-h per-day TRE and 3 months of follow-up on bodyweight and cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This was a single-centre, parallel, superiority, open-label randomised controlled clinical trial conducted at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (Denmark). The inclusion criteria were age 30-70 years with either overweight (ie, BMI ≥25 kg/m2) and concomitant prediabetes (ie, glycated haemoglobin [HbA1c] 39-47 mmol/mol) or obesity (ie, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with or without prediabetes and a habitual self-reported eating window (eating and drinking [except for water]) of 12 h per day or more every day and of 14 h per day or more at least 1 day per week. Individuals were randomly assigned 1:1 to 3 months of habitual living (hereafter referred to as the control group) or TRE, which was a self-selected 10-h per-day eating window placed between 0600 h and 2000 h. Randomisation was done in blocks varying in size and was open for participants and research staff, but outcome assessors were masked during statistical analyses. The randomisation list was generated by an external statistician. The primary outcome was change in bodyweight, assessed after 3 months (12 weeks) of the intervention and after 3 months (13 weeks) of follow-up. Adverse events were reported and registered at study visits or if participants contacted study staff to report events between visits. This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03854656). FINDINGS Between March 12, 2019, and March 2, 2022, 100 participants (66 [66%] were female and 34 [34%] were male; median age 59 years [IQR 52-65]) were enrolled and randomly assigned (50 to each group). Of those 100, 46 (92%) in the TRE group and 46 (92%) in the control group completed the intervention period. After 3 months of the intervention, there was no difference in bodyweight between the TRE group and the control group (-0·8 kg, 95% CI -1·7 to 0·2; p=0·099). Being in the TRE group was not associated with a lower bodyweight compared with the control group after subsequent 3-month follow-up (-0·2 kg, -1·6 to 1·2). In the per-protocol analysis, participants who completed the intervention in the TRE group lost 1·0 kg (-1·9 to -0·0; p=0·040) bodyweight compared with the control group after 3 months of intervention, which was not maintained after the 3-month follow-up period (-0·4 kg, -1·8 to 1·0). During the trial and follow-up period, one participant in the TRE group reported a severe adverse event: development of a subcutaneous nodule and pain when the arm was in use. This side-effect was evaluated to be related to the trial procedures. INTERPRETATION 3 months of 10-h per-day TRE did not lead to clinically relevant effects on bodyweight in middle-aged to older individuals at high risk of type 2 diabetes. FUNDING Novo Nordisk Foundation, Aalborg University, Helsefonden, and Innovation Fund Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Salling Quist
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Hanne Enghoff Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; iMotions, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Marie Møller Jensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Natasja Bjerre
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah Uldal
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Størling
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Martin Erik Nyeland
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit Eika Jørgensen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland
| | | | - Christina Brock
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Northern Jutland, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Bæk Blond
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kristine Færch
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk, Søborg, Denmark
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22
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Maruthur NM, Pilla SJ, White K, Wu B, Maw MTT, Duan D, Turkson-Ocran RA, Zhao D, Charleston J, Peterson CM, Dougherty RJ, Schrack JA, Appel LJ, Guallar E, Clark JM. Effect of Isocaloric, Time-Restricted Eating on Body Weight in Adults With Obesity : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Ann Intern Med 2024; 177:549-558. [PMID: 38639542 DOI: 10.7326/m23-3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE) lowers body weight in many studies. Whether TRE induces weight loss independent of reductions in calorie intake, as seen in rodent studies, is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of TRE versus a usual eating pattern (UEP) on body weight in the setting of stable caloric intake. DESIGN Randomized, isocaloric feeding study. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03527368). SETTING Clinical research unit. PARTICIPANTS Adults with obesity and prediabetes or diet-controlled diabetes. INTERVENTION Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to TRE (10-hour eating window, 80% of calories before 1 p.m.) or UEP (≤16-hour window, ≥50% of calories after 5 p.m.) for 12 weeks. Both groups had the same nutrient content and were isocaloric with total calories determined at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Primary outcome was change in body weight at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes were fasting glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), glucose area under the curve by oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated albumin. We used linear mixed models to evaluate the effect of interventions on outcomes. RESULTS All 41 randomly assigned participants (mean age, 59 years; 93% women; 93% Black race; mean BMI, 36 kg/m2) completed the intervention. Baseline weight was 95.6 kg (95% CI, 89.6 to 101.6 kg) in the TRE group and 103.7 kg (CI, 95.3 to 112.0 kg) in the UEP group. At 12 weeks, weight decreased by 2.3 kg (CI, 1.0 to 3.5 kg) in the TRE group and by 2.6 kg (CI, 1.5 to 3.7 kg) in the UEP group (average difference TRE vs. UEP, 0.3 kg [CI, -1.2 to 1.9 kg]). Change in glycemic measures did not differ between groups. LIMITATION Small, single-site study; baseline differences in weight by group. CONCLUSION In the setting of isocaloric eating, TRE did not decrease weight or improve glucose homeostasis relative to a UEP, suggesting that any effects of TRE on weight in prior studies may be due to reductions in caloric intake. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE American Heart Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa M Maruthur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Scott J Pilla
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (S.J.P.)
| | - Karen White
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (K.W.)
| | - Beiwen Wu
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (B.W.)
| | - May Thu Thu Maw
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Capital Region Medical Center, Largo, Maryland (M.T.T.M.)
| | - Daisy Duan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (D.D.)
| | - Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.-A.T.)
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (D.Z.)
| | - Jeanne Charleston
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C.)
| | - Courtney M Peterson
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.M.P.)
| | - Ryan J Dougherty
- Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (R.J.D.)
| | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore; and Center on Aging & Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (J.A.S.)
| | - Lawrence J Appel
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
| | - Jeanne M Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore; and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (N.M.M., L.J.A., E.G., J.M.C.)
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23
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Ameur R, Maaloul R, Tagougui S, Neffati F, Hadj Kacem F, Najjar MF, Ammar A, Hammouda O. Unlocking the power of synergy: High-intensity functional training and early time-restricted eating for transformative changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health in inactive women with obesity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301369. [PMID: 38691521 PMCID: PMC11062533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of time-restricted eating (TRE), with or without high intensity functional training (HIFT), on body composition and cardiometabolic biomarkers among inactive women with obesity. METHODS Sixty-four women (BMI = 35.03 ± 3.8 kg/m2; age = 32.1 ± 10 years) were randomly allocated to either: (1) TRE (≤8-h daily eating window, with ad libitum energy intake) group; (2) HIFT (3 sessions/week) group; or (3) TRE combined with HIFT (TRE-HIFT) group. The interventions lasted 12 weeks with a pre-post measurement design. A HIFT session consists of 8 sets of multiple functional exercises with self-selected intensity (20 or 30s work/10s rest). RESULTS TRE-HIFT showed a greater decrease of waist and hip circumferences and fat mass compared to TRE (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p = 0.012, p = 0.028 and p<0.001; respectively). Weight and BMI decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT group (p<0.001; for both). Fat-free mass was lower in TRE compared to both HIFT and TRE-HIFT groups (p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to both TRE (p<0.001, p<0.01, p = 0.015 and p<0.01; respectively) and HIFT (p<0.001, p = 0.02, p<0.01 and p<0.001; respectively) groups. Glucose level decreased in TRE-HIFT compared to HIFT (p<0.01). Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in both TRE-HIFT and HIFT groups compared to TRE group (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02; respectively). CONCLUSION In inactive women with obesity, combining TRE with HIFT can be a good strategy to induce superior effects on body composition, lipid profile and glucose regulation compared with either diet or exercise intervention alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Number: PACTR202301674821174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya Ameur
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory of Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal System Pathologies, LR20ES09, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rami Maaloul
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte, d’Opale, ULR 7369-URePSSS-Multidisciplinary Research Unit, “Sport, Health and Society”, Lille, France
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Biochemistry Laboratory, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Faten Hadj Kacem
- Endocrinology Department, Hedi Chaker Hospital, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Achraf Ammar
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
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24
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Santos-Báez LS, Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Popp CJ, Shaw D, Fine KS, Altomare A, St-Onge MP, Manoogian ENC, Panda S, Cheng B, Laferrère B. Diet and Meal Pattern Determinants of Glucose Levels and Variability in Adults with and without Prediabetes or Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1295. [PMID: 38732543 PMCID: PMC11085124 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This observational pilot study examined the association between diet, meal pattern and glucose over a 2-week period under free-living conditions in 26 adults with dysglycemia (D-GLYC) and 14 with normoglycemia (N-GLYC). We hypothesized that a prolonged eating window and late eating occasions (EOs), along with a higher dietary carbohydrate intake, would result in higher glucose levels and glucose variability (GV). General linear models were run with meal timing with time-stamped photographs in real time, and diet composition by dietary recalls, and their variability (SD), as predictors and glucose variables (mean glucose, mean amplitude of glucose excursions [MAGE], largest amplitude of glucose excursions [LAGE] and GV) as dependent variables. After adjusting for calories and nutrients, a later eating midpoint predicted a lower GV (β = -2.3, SE = 1.0, p = 0.03) in D-GLYC, while a later last EO predicted a higher GV (β = 1.5, SE = 0.6, p = 0.04) in N-GLYC. A higher carbohydrate intake predicted a higher MAGE (β = 0.9, SE = 0.4, p = 0.02) and GV (β = 0.4, SE = 0.2, p = 0.04) in N-GLYC, but not D-GLYC. In summary, our data suggest that meal patterns interact with dietary composition and should be evaluated as potential modifiable determinants of glucose in adults with and without dysglycemia. Future research should evaluate causality with controlled diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leinys S. Santos-Báez
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Diana A. Díaz-Rizzolo
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Health Science Faculty, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), 08018 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Collin J. Popp
- Institute for Excellence in Health Equity, Department of Population Health, New York Langone Health Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Delaney Shaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Keenan S. Fine
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Annemarie Altomare
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Center of Excellence for Sleep & Circadian Research, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily N. C. Manoogian
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (E.N.C.M.)
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (E.N.C.M.)
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Blandine Laferrère
- Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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25
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Qiu Z, Huang EYZ, Li Y, Xiao Y, Fu Y, Du J, Kan J. Beneficial effects of time-restricted fasting on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:210. [PMID: 38627656 PMCID: PMC11020908 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03863-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need to explore innovative approaches to improve cardiovascular health outcomes. Time-restricted fasting (TRF) is a dietary intervention that involves limiting the time window for food consumption. It has gained attention for its potential benefits on metabolic health and weight management. This study aims to investigate the impact of TRF on key risk factors, including body weight, glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and lipid profile. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in five databases (Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, and Web of Science) for relevant studies up to January 2023. After applying inclusion criteria, 12 studies were eligible for analysis. Quality assessment was conducted using the ROB-2.0 tool and ROBINS-I. Risk of bias was mapped using Revman 5.3, and data analysis included Hartung-Knapp adjustment using R 4.2.2. RESULTS The group that underwent the TRF intervention exhibited a significant decrease in body weight (SMD: -0.22; 95%CI: -0.41, -0.04; P < 0.05) and fat mass (SMD: -0.19; 95%CI: -0.36, -0.02; P < 0.05), while maintaining lean mass (SMD: -0.09; 95%CI: -0.08, 0.26; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION TRF has shown potential as a treatment strategy for reducing total body weight by targeting adipose tissue, with potential improvements in cardiometabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Qiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | | | - Yufei Li
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida WaiLong, Taipa, 999078, Macau, China
| | - Yancheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China.
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Das M, Kumar D, Sauceda C, Oberg A, Ellies LG, Zeng L, Jih LJ, Newton IG, Webster NJG. Time-Restricted Feeding Attenuates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Obese Male Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1513. [PMID: 38672595 PMCID: PMC11048121 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has surpassed the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus as the leading cause of chronic liver disease in most parts of the Western world. MASLD (formerly known as NAFLD) encompasses both simple steatosis and more aggressive metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which is accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, and ultimately can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are currently very few approved therapies for MASH. Weight loss strategies such as caloric restriction can ameliorate the harmful metabolic effect of MASH and inhibit HCC; however, it is difficult to implement and maintain in daily life, especially in individuals diagnosed with HCC. In this study, we tested a time-restricted feeding (TRF) nutritional intervention in mouse models of MASH and HCC. We show that TRF abrogated metabolic dysregulation induced by a Western diet without any calorie restriction or weight loss. TRF improved insulin sensitivity and reduced hyperinsulinemia, liver steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Importantly, TRF inhibited liver tumors in two mouse models of obesity-driven HCC. Our data suggest that TRF is likely to be effective in abrogating MASH and HCC and warrant further studies of time-restricted eating in humans with MASH who are at higher risk of developing HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Das
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Consuelo Sauceda
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexis Oberg
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
| | - Lesley G. Ellies
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Liping Zeng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lily J. Jih
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Isabel G. Newton
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas J. G. Webster
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA; (M.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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27
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Herz D, Karl S, Weiß J, Zimmermann P, Haupt S, Zimmer RT, Schierbauer J, Wachsmuth NB, Erlmann MP, Niedrist T, Khoramipour K, Voit T, Rilstone S, Sourij H, Moser O. Effects of Different Types of Intermittent Fasting Interventions on Metabolic Health in Healthy Individuals (EDIF): A Randomised Trial with a Controlled-Run in Phase. Nutrients 2024; 16:1114. [PMID: 38674802 PMCID: PMC11054438 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on health promotion in the healthy population remain controversial. Therefore, our study aimed to analyse the efficacy and feasibility of different IF protocols and evaluated the effects within a cohort with a controlled-run in phase on the body mass index (BMI) as the primary outcome, the body composition, and metabolic and haematological markers in healthy participants. A total of 25 individuals were randomised into three fasting groups: 16/8 fasting (n = 11), 20/4 fasting (n = 6), and alternate-day fasting (ADF, n = 8). Assessments were conducted at baseline (visit 1), after a four-week controlled-run in phase (visit 2), and after eight weeks of fasting (visit 3). Both the BMI (p = 0.01) and bodyweight (p = 0.01) were significantly reduced in the ADF group, which was not seen in the 16/8 and 20/4 groups (p > 0.05). Adherence was different but not statistically among the groups (16/8: 84.5 ± 23.0%; 20/4: 92.7 ± 9.5%; and ADF: 78.1 ± 33.5%, p = 0.57). Based on our obtained results, the data suggest that some fasting interventions might be promising for metabolic health. However, adherence to the specific fasting protocols remains challenging even for the healthy population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Herz
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sebastian Karl
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Johannes Weiß
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Paul Zimmermann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center of Sportsmedicine Bamberg, Klinikum Bamberg, 96049 Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Haupt
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Faculty of Life Science—Food, Nutrition & Health, Chair of Molecular Exercise Physiology, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Rebecca Tanja Zimmer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Janis Schierbauer
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Nadine Bianca Wachsmuth
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Maximilian Paul Erlmann
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Tobias Niedrist
- Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran;
| | - Thomas Voit
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
| | - Sian Rilstone
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Harald Sourij
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Othmar Moser
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism, BaySpo—Bayreuth Center of Sport Science, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (D.H.); (S.K.); (J.W.); (P.Z.); (S.H.); (R.T.Z.); (J.S.); (N.B.W.); (M.P.E.); (T.V.); (S.R.)
- Interdisciplinary Metabolic Medicine Research Group, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
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Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM. Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:325-337. [PMID: 37993559 PMCID: PMC10943166 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate. In this review, we aim to systematically analyze the effects of TRE on glycemic parameters. We searched on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for controlled studies in which subjects followed TRE for at least 4 weeks. 20 studies were included in the qualitative systematic review, and 18 studies (n = 1169 subjects) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, TRE had no significant effect on fasting glucose (Hedges's g = -0.08; 95% CI:-0.31,0.16; p = 0.52), but it did reduce HbA1c levels (Hedges's g = -0.27; 95% CI: -0.47, -0.06; p = 0.01). TRE significantly reduced fasting insulin (Hedges's g = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.73,-0.08; p = 0.01) and showed a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR (Hedges's g = -0.32; 95% CI:-0.66,0.02; p = 0.06). Interestingly, a cumulative analysis showed that the beneficial effects of TRE regarding glucose levels were less apparent as studies with later TRE windows (lTRE) were being included. Indeed, a subgroup analysis of the early TRE (eTRE) studies revealed that fasting glucose was significantly reduced by eTRE (Hedges's g = -0.38; 95% CI:-0.62, -0.14; p < 0.01). Our meta-analysis suggests that TRE can reduce HbA1c and insulin levels, and that timing of food intake is a crucial factor in the metabolic benefit of TRE, as only eTRE is capable of reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.PROSPERO registration number CRD42023405946.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Rovira-Llopis
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Clara Luna-Marco
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Perea-Galera
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Bañuls
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Morillas
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Victor M Victor
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina y Odontologia, Universidad de Valencia - INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain.
- CIBERehd - Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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29
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Ezzati A, McLaren C, Bohlman C, Tamargo JA, Lin Y, Anton SD. Does time-restricted eating add benefits to calorie restriction? A systematic review. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:640-654. [PMID: 38383703 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of evidence has supported the health benefits of extended daily fasting, known as time-restricted eating (TRE); however, whether the addition of TRE enhances the known benefits of calorie restriction (CR) remains unclear. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through April 2023. This systematic review includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared CR + TRE with CR alone in energy-matched conditions of at least 8 weeks in duration that assessed changes in body weight and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adults with overweight and/or obesity. RESULTS Seven studies were identified (n = 579). Two studies reported greater weight loss and reductions in diastolic blood pressure with CR + TRE compared with CR alone after 8 to 14 weeks, whereas one study reported greater improvements in triglycerides and glucose tolerance with CR + TRE (3 days/week) compared with CR alone following 26 weeks. One study reported significant increases in homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels with CR + TRE versus CR alone after 8 weeks. There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcome variable between the two interventions. CONCLUSIONS The addition of TRE to CR regimens resulted in greater weight loss and improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors in some studies; however, the majority of studies did not find additional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Christian McLaren
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carly Bohlman
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Javier A Tamargo
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Physiology and Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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30
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Peters B, Vahlhaus J, Pivovarova-Ramich O. Meal timing and its role in obesity and associated diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1359772. [PMID: 38586455 PMCID: PMC10995378 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1359772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Meal timing emerges as a crucial factor influencing metabolic health that can be explained by the tight interaction between the endogenous circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Mistimed food intake, such as delayed or nighttime consumption, leads to desynchronization of the internal circadian clock and is associated with an increased risk for obesity and associated metabolic disturbances such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Conversely, meal timing aligned with cellular rhythms can optimize the performance of tissues and organs. In this review, we provide an overview of the metabolic effects of meal timing and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we explore factors influencing meal timing, including internal determinants such as chronotype and genetics, as well as external influences like social factors, cultural aspects, and work schedules. This review could contribute to defining meal-timing-based recommendations for public health initiatives and developing guidelines for effective lifestyle modifications targeting the prevention and treatment of obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on crucial factors that must be considered in the design of future food timing intervention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beeke Peters
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Janna Vahlhaus
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine and Department of Human Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Fernández-Rodríguez R, Garrido-Miguel M, Bizzozero-Peroni B, Díaz-Goñi V, Rodríguez-Gutiérrez E, Guzmán-Pavón MJ, Meseguer-Henarejos AB, Torres-Costoso A. Time-Restricted Eating and Bone Health: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:876. [PMID: 38542787 PMCID: PMC10974430 DOI: 10.3390/nu16060876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has emerged as a dietary strategy that restricts food consumption to a specific time window and is commonly applied to facilitate weight loss. The benefits of TRE on adipose tissue have been evidenced in human trials and animal models; however, its impact on bone tissue remains unclear. To systematically synthesize and examine the evidence on the impact of TRE on bone health (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover factors), PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases were systematically explored from inception to 1 October 2023 searching for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at determining the effects of TRE on bone health in adults (≥18 years). The Cochrane Handbook and the PRISMA recommendations were followed. A total of seven RCTs involving 313 participants (19 to 68 years) were included, with an average length of 10.5 weeks (range: 4 to 24 weeks). Despite the significant weight loss reported in five out of seven studies when compared to the control, our meta-analysis showed no significant difference in BMD (g/cm2) between groups (MD = -0.009, 95% CI: -0.026 to 0.009, p = 0.328; I2 = 0%). BMC and bone turnover markers between TRE interventions and control conditions were not meta-analyzed because of scarcity of studies (less than five). Despite its short-term benefits on cardiometabolic health, TRE did not show detrimental effects on bone health outcomes compared to those in the control group. Nevertheless, caution should be taken when interpreting our results due to the scarcity of RCTs adequately powered to assess changes in bone outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Rodríguez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 02006 Albacete, Spain
| | - Bruno Bizzozero-Peroni
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Instituto Superior de Educación Física, Universidad de la República, Rivera 40000, Uruguay
| | - Valentina Díaz-Goñi
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
| | - Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Research Network on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 16002 Cuenca, Spain
| | - María José Guzmán-Pavón
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Torres-Costoso
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16002 Cuenca, Spain; (R.F.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (V.D.-G.); (E.R.-G.); (A.T.-C.)
- Faculty of Physiotherapy and Nursing, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain;
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Mentzelou M, Papadopoulou SK, Psara E, Voulgaridou G, Pavlidou E, Androutsos O, Giaginis C. Chrononutrition in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Disorders: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:722. [PMID: 38474850 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of time-restricted eating (TRE) or time-restricted feeding (TRF) promotes daily periods of feeding and fasting to determine whole-body physiology. Chronic misalignment of circadian rhythms or chrono-disruption is related to an increased risk of diverse metabolic disorders. The progression of non-communicable diseases seems to be affected by the timing of meals. As a result, intermittent fasting is a promising approach for their management. The aim of the present literature review is to examine and scrutinize the TRE protocols in the fields of prevention and management of metabolic disorders. METHODS This is a thorough literature review of the reported associations among circadian rhythm, metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, TRE, TRF, dietary habits, circadian disruption, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and non-alcoholic fatty liver to find the already existing clinical studies from the last decade (2014-2024) in the most precise scientific online databases, using relevant specific keywords. Several inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to scrutinize only longitudinal, cross-sectional, descriptive, and prospective clinical human studies. RESULTS The currently available clinical findings remain scarce and suggest that chrononutrition behaviors such as TRE or TRF may promote several metabolic benefits, mainly in body weight control and fat loss. Improvements in glucose levels and lipid profiles are currently quite controversial since some clinical studies show little or no effect. As far as liver diseases are concerned, the efficacy of intermittent fasting seems to be stronger in the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease due to body weight decline and fat loss. CONCLUSIONS Even if there has been a gradual increase in clinical studies in the last few years, providing promising perspectives, currently, there is no conclusive evidence for the role of chrononutrition in metabolic disorders. Future studies should be well-designed with longer duration and larger sample sizes. Moreover, it is important to examine the best timing of the eating window and its feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Gavriela Voulgaridou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Laboratory of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sport Science and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece
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Rastogi S, Verma N, Raghuwanshi G, Kumar Verma D, Atam V. Chronomedicine Insights: Evaluating the Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Lipid Profile Parameters Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in Northern India. Cureus 2024; 16:e56902. [PMID: 38659523 PMCID: PMC11042785 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Time-restricted meal intake (TRM) has shown potential benefits such as enhanced insulin sensitivity, lowered blood sugar levels, and possible weight loss in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Our study aimed to investigate the impact of TRM on lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in fasting conditions in T2DM patients. METHODS In total, 400 patients from the endocrinology department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow were enrolled in this study, adhering to the guidelines of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). Male and female patients with recently diagnosed T2DM (in the past five years), aged between 25 to 60 years, on oral anti-diabetic therapy excluding insulin, expressing willingness to provide written consent and to adhere to TRM were included in the TRM group. It was a longitudinal study as diabetic dyslipidemia is primarily caused by insulin resistance and nutritional reasons and we wanted to assess the effect of TRM on lipid profile in T2DM patients. Patients were enrolled via simple random sampling using the random number table method (computerized). The TRM group had an early dinner at 7 pm whereas the control group was of non-TRM/late-night eaters. TRM group was given comprehensive guidance including strategies to manage hunger, permissible beverage options (water and prescribed medication) during the fasting period, and daily maintenance of a diary documenting their timing, type, and quantity of food intake which they were requested to bring fortnightly. Emphasis was placed on recording even minor dietary items consumed throughout the day. The TRM group consumed food ad libitum during a 12-hour eating window from breakfast at 7 am to dinner at 7 pm. Data distribution was non-parametric. Mann-Whitney U test compared TRM and control group using mean values at baseline and follow-ups. Analysis used GraphPad Prism 9.2.0 software (GraphPad Inc., La Jolla, CA). A p-value less than 0.05 (p < 0.05) was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The mean value of TC in the TRM and non-TRM groups using the Mann-Whitney U test registered a highly significant p-value <0.0001 at 18 months, with a decrease of 14.17% from baseline in the TRM group and a decrease of 1.53% from baseline in the non-TRM group. The TRM group had a decrease of 24.75% in TG from a baseline value of 145.4±41.9, whereas the non-TRM group showed a decrease of 2.2% from a baseline value of 154.7±37.30 (p-value <0.0001). The TRM group showed an increase of 9.25% in HDL from a baseline value of 50.14±8.58; the non-TRM group showed an increase of 0.82% from a baseline value of 48.62±9.31 (p-value <0.0001). TRM group showed a decrease of 8.62% in LDL from a baseline value of 68.20±16.2 while the non-TRM group showed an increase of 1.54% from a baseline value of 65.38±19.3 (p-value <0.0002). The TRM group showed a decrease of 13.97% in VLDL from a baseline value of 32.20±18.7; the non-TRM group showed an increase of 4% from a baseline value of 30.16±24.2 (p-value <0.0001). CONCLUSION Our study's promising results underscore the potential of TRM as an effective strategy for managing dyslipidemia in individuals with T2DM, even over prolonged periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Rastogi
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Gourav Raghuwanshi
- Physiology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | | | - Virendra Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Chang Y, Du T, Zhuang X, Ma G. Time-restricted eating improves health because of energy deficit and circadian rhythm: A systematic review and meta-analysis. iScience 2024; 27:109000. [PMID: 38357669 PMCID: PMC10865403 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) is an effective way to lose weight and improve metabolic health in animals. Yet whether and how these benefits apply to humans is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of TRE in people with overweight and obesity statuses. The results showed that TRE led to modest weight loss, lower waist circumference and energy deficits. TRE also improved body mass index, fat mass, lean body mass, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose levels, fasting insulin levels, and HbA1c%. Subgroup analysis demonstrated more health improvements in the TRE group than the control group under the ad libitum intake condition than in the energy-prescribed condition. Eating time-of-day advantages were only seen when there was considerable energy reduction in the TRE group than the control group (ad libitum condition), implying that the benefits of TRE were primarily due to energy deficit, followed by alignment with eating time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Du
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Xiangling Zhuang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
| | - Guojie Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710062, P.R. China
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Ezpeleta M, Cienfuegos S, Lin S, Pavlou V, Gabel K, Tussing-Humphreys L, Varady KA. Time-restricted eating: Watching the clock to treat obesity. Cell Metab 2024; 36:301-314. [PMID: 38176412 PMCID: PMC11221496 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Time-restricted eating (TRE) has become a popular strategy to treat obesity. TRE involves confining the eating window to 4-10 h per day and fasting for the remaining hours (14-20 h fast). During the eating window, individuals are not required to monitor food intake. The sudden rise in popularity of TRE is most likely due to its simplicity and the fact that it does not require individuals to count calories to lose weight. This feature of TRE may appeal to certain individuals with obesity, and this could help produce lasting metabolic health improvements. The purpose of this review is to summarize current evidence from randomized clinical trials of TRE (without calorie counting) on body weight and metabolic risk factors. The efficacy of TRE in various populations groups, including those with obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pavlou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kelsey Gabel
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista A Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Billingsley HE. The effect of time of eating on cardiometabolic risk in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3633. [PMID: 36914410 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Continuous energy restriction is currently considered the first-line dietary therapy for weight loss in individuals with obesity. Recently, interventions which alter the eating window and time of eating occasions have been explored as means to achieve weight loss and other cardiometabolic improvements such as a reduction in blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids and inflammation. It is unknown, however, whether these changes result from unintentional energy restriction or from other mechanisms such as the alignment of nutrient intake with the internal circadian clock. Even less is known regarding the safety and efficacy of these interventions in individuals with established chronic noncommunicable disease states, such as cardiovascular disease. This review examines the effects of interventions which alter both eating window and time of eating occasions on weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors in both healthy participants and those with established cardiovascular disease. We then summarise the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zaman A, Grau L, Jeffers R, Steinke S, Catenacci VA, Cornier M, Rynders CA, Thomas EA. The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e702. [PMID: 38264001 PMCID: PMC10804344 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.75 h, spread throughout the period of wakefulness and ending before sleep. Food intake at an inappropriate circadian time may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that time restricted eating (TRE) may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim was to compare 24-h glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity in participants after completing 12 weeks of a behavioral weight loss intervention based on early TRE plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) or DCR alone. Methods Eighty-one adults with overweight or obesity (age 18-50 years, BMI 25-45 kg/m2) were randomized to either E-TRE+DCR or DCR alone. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for 7 days and insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at Baseline and Week 12. Changes in CGM-derived measures and HOMA-IR from Baseline to Week 12 were assessed within and between groups using random intercept mixed models. Results Forty-four participants had valid CGM data at both time points, while 38 had valid glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) data at both timepoints. There were no significant differences in sex, age, BMI, or the percentage of participants with prediabetes between the groups (28% female, age 39.2 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 16% with prediabetes). After adjusting for weight, there were no between-group differences in changes in overall average sensor glucose, standard deviation of glucose levels, the coefficient of variation of glucose levels, daytime or nighttime average sensor glucose, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or A1c. However, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions changed differently over time between the two groups, with a greater reduction found in the DCR as compared to E-TRE+DCR (p = 0.03). Conclusion There were no major differences between E-TRE+DCR and DCR groups in continuous glucose profiles or insulin sensitivity 12 weeks after the intervention. Because the study sample included participants with normal baseline mean glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity, the ability to detect changes in these outcomes may have been limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnin Zaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca Jeffers
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Sheila Steinke
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marc‐Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Corey A. Rynders
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
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Billingsley HE, St-Onge MP, Alonso WW, Kirkman DL, Kim Y, Carbone S. Time of eating and mortality in U.S. adults with heart failure: Analyses of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2018. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:445-454. [PMID: 38155047 PMCID: PMC10966516 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Promising associations have been demonstrated between delayed last eating occasion and cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with heart failure (HF), however, it is unknown if time of eating is associated with clinical endpoints such as mortality. This study aimed to examine associations between time of eating variables and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS AND RESULTS Participants self-disclosed HF diagnosis. Two dietary recalls were obtained and categorical variables were created based on mean time of first eating occasion (8:31 AM), last eating occasion (7:33 PM) and eating window (11.02 h). Mortality was obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were created examining the association between time of eating and mortality. Participants (n = 991) were 68 (95 % CI 67-69) years of age, 52.6 (95 % CI 49.0-56.3)% men and had a body mass index of 32.5 (95 % CI 31.8-33.2) kg/m2 with follow up time of 68.9 (95 % CI 64.8-72.9) person-months. When models were adjusted for time of eating variables and all other covariates, extending the eating window beyond 11.02 h was associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular (HR 0.36 [95 % CI 0.16-0.81]), but not all-cause mortality. Time of first and last eating occasions were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS In adults with HF, an extended eating window is associated with reduced risk for cardiovascular mortality. Randomized controlled trials should examine if extending the eating window can improve prognostic indicators such as cardiorespiratory fitness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E Billingsley
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Windy W Alonso
- College of Nursing, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Youngdeok Kim
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Rastogi S, Verma N, Raghuwanshi GS, Atam V, Kumar Verma D. The Impact of Time-Restricted Meal Intake on Glycemic Control and Weight Management in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e53680. [PMID: 38455801 PMCID: PMC10918388 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the impact of time-restricted meal intake (TRM) on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A total of 400 patients diagnosed with T2DM were selected from the Endocrinology Department at King George's Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) guidelines and specific criteria. A total of 127 patients were lost to follow-up, resulting in 273 patients who completed the study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: the TRM group (consenting to have an early dinner at 7 pm) and the control group (non-TRM/late-night eater group). Baseline data were recorded, and follow-up assessments were conducted at six months, 12 months, and 18 months. Informed consent was obtained, and a diet chart was regularly maintained and updated. RESULTS The TRM group experienced a significant weight loss of 3.88 kg (5.45%) and a substantial reduction in BMI by 1.5 units (5.26%). In contrast, the non-TRM/control group had smaller reductions in weight (1.36 kg, 1.77%) and BMI (0.5 units, 1.65%). TRM group showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar levels by 33.9 mg/dl (21.17%), postprandial blood sugar levels by 94.6 mg/dl (38.88%), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels by 1.37 (15.87%). These improvements were significantly greater than the reductions observed in the control group, which had decreases of 29.3 mg/dl (17.85%) in fasting blood sugar levels, 41.6 mg/dl (16.84%) in postprandial blood sugar levels, and 0.59 (6.89%) in HbA1c levels. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the potential of TRM as an effective strategy for weight management and glycemic control in patients with T2DM, even in a long-term context. These results support time-restricted eating as a sustainable lifestyle modification for managing chronic metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smriti Rastogi
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Narsingh Verma
- Physiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Gourav S Raghuwanshi
- Physiology, People's College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Virendra Atam
- Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, IND
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Wang R, Lv X, Xu W, Li X, Tang X, Huang H, Yang M, Ma S, Wang N, Niu Y. Effects of the periodic fasting-mimicking diet on health, lifespan, and multiple diseases: a narrative review and clinical implications. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae003. [PMID: 38287649 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction and fasting have been recognized for their beneficial effects on health and lifespan and their potential application in managing chronic metabolic diseases. However, long-term adherence to strict dietary restrictions and prolonged fasting poses challenges for most individuals and may lead to unhealthy rebound eating habits, negatively affecting overall health. As a result, a periodic fasting-mimicking diet (PFMD), involving cycles of fasting for 2 or more days while ensuring basic nutritional needs are met within a restricted caloric intake, has gained widespread acceptance. Current research indicates that a PFMD can promote stem cell regeneration, suppress inflammation, extend the health span of rodents, and improve metabolic health, among other effects. In various disease populations such as patients with diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, a PFMD has shown efficacy in alleviating disease symptoms and improving relevant markers. After conducting an extensive analysis of available research on the PFMD, it is evident that its advantages and potential applications are comparable to other fasting methods. Consequently, it is proposed in this review that a PFMD has the potential to fully replace water-only or very-low-energy fasting regimens and holds promise for application across multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohua Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenyu Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuanfeng Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengxia Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuran Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yucun Niu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
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Qi D, Nie X, Zhang J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Time-Restricted Eating on Metabolic Homeostasis. Angiology 2024:33197241228046. [PMID: 38229272 DOI: 10.1177/00033197241228046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis investigated the effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) as an economical lifestyle intervention for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and improving the related metabolic variables. The Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, clinical trials, and other databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We included 22 RCTs (1004 participants, aged 18-75 years, including healthy subjects, prediabetes and overweight patients) designed to evaluate the effect of TRE on metabolic parameters. Body mass index (BMI) (-0.56 kg/m2, 95% CI: -1.00, -0.13, P < .01), fasting blood glucose (-1.74 mmol/L, 95% CI: -3.34, -0.14, P < .01), and body weight (-0.48 kg, 95% CI: -0.74, -0.22, P < .01) in the TRE intervention group were decreased to varying degrees compared with controls. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased in the TRE group compared with the control group (P < .01). The change in waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and total cholesterol did not vary markedly across the groups. In conclusion, this meta-analysis found a significant reduction in BMI, weight, and fasting glucose, as well as a rise in HDL-C level with TRE compared with control. TRE could be used as an adjuvant treatment for metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Nie
- Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Jianjun Zhang, Department of Cardiology, Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Engin A. Misalignment of Circadian Rhythms in Diet-Induced Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:27-71. [PMID: 39287848 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The biological clocks of the circadian timing system coordinate cellular and physiological processes and synchronize them with daily cycles. While the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is mainly synchronized by the light/dark cycles, the peripheral clocks react to other stimuli, including the feeding/fasting state, nutrients, sleep-wake cycles, and physical activity. During the disruption of circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations or social and occupational obligations, incorrect arrangement between the internal clock system and environmental rhythms leads to the development of obesity. Desynchronization between the central and peripheral clocks by altered timing of food intake and diet composition leads to uncoupling of the peripheral clocks from the central pacemaker and to the development of metabolic disorders. The strong coupling of the SCN to the light-dark cycle creates a situation of misalignment when food is ingested during the "wrong" time of day. Food-anticipatory activity is mediated by a self-sustained circadian timing, and its principal component is a food-entrainable oscillator. Modifying the time of feeding alone greatly affects body weight, whereas ketogenic diet (KD) influences circadian biology, through the modulation of clock gene expression. Night-eating behavior is one of the causes of circadian disruption, and night eaters have compulsive and uncontrolled eating with severe obesity. By contrast, time-restricted eating (TRE) restores circadian rhythms through maintaining an appropriate daily rhythm of the eating-fasting cycle. The hypothalamus has a crucial role in the regulation of energy balance rather than food intake. While circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK) expression levels increase with high-fat diet-induced obesity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) increases the transcriptional level of brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like 1 (BMAL1) in obese subjects. In this context, effective timing of chronotherapies aiming to correct SCN-driven rhythms depends on an accurate assessment of the SCN phase. In fact, in a multi-oscillator system, local rhythmicity and its disruption reflects the disruption of either local clocks or central clocks, thus imposing rhythmicity on those local tissues, whereas misalignment of peripheral oscillators is due to exosome-based intercellular communication.Consequently, disruption of clock genes results in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and obesity, while light exposure during the daytime, food intake during the daytime, and sleeping during the biological night promote circadian alignment between the central and peripheral clocks. Thus, shift work is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases because of unusual eating times as well as unusual light exposure and disruption of the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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ElSayed NA, Aleppo G, Bannuru RR, Beverly EA, Bruemmer D, Collins BS, Darville A, Ekhlaspour L, Hassanein M, Hilliard ME, Johnson EL, Khunti K, Lingvay I, Matfin G, McCoy RG, Perry ML, Pilla SJ, Polsky S, Prahalad P, Pratley RE, Segal AR, Seley JJ, Stanton RC, Gabbay RA. 5. Facilitating Positive Health Behaviors and Well-being to Improve Health Outcomes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2024. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:S77-S110. [PMID: 38078584 PMCID: PMC10725816 DOI: 10.2337/dc24-s005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The American Diabetes Association (ADA) "Standards of Care in Diabetes" includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, an interprofessional expert committee, are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations and a full list of Professional Practice Committee members, please refer to Introduction and Methodology. Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
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Castillo MF, Salgado-Canales D, Arrese M, Barrera F, Mikhailidis DP. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Lipid Profile, Anthropometric and Hepatic Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:187-202. [PMID: 38321893 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611285401240110074530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lifestyle modification; this should accompany any pharmacological intervention. Intermittent fasting (IF) has shown benefits over metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Non-religious IF includes Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF), Alternate-Day Fasting (ADF), and 5:2 IF interventions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IF on anthropometric, liver damage, and lipid profile markers in subjects with NAFLD. METHODS A bibliographic search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases. RESULTS Five studies involving 470 patients with NAFLD were included. In relation to anthropometric markers, all the articles reported body weight reduction (2.48-7.63%), but only ADF and 5:2 IF reported a body weight reduction >5%; also, all the articles reported fat mass reduction. Concerning hepatic markers, all the articles reported a reduction in hepatic steatosis and alanine aminotransferase activity, but no changes in fat-free mass and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There were variable results on fibrosis, other liver enzymes, waist circumference and body mass index, as well as the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION Any form of IF could be potentially beneficial for NAFLD treatment and some associated cardiometabolic parameters. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects and safety of IF in long-term studies involving a higher number of participants with different stages of NAFLD. The effect of IF on NAFLD-associated vascular risk also needs evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Castillo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Salgado-Canales
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Kazeminasab F, Baharlooie M, Karimi B, Mokhtari K, Rosenkranz SK, Santos HO. Effects of intermittent fasting combined with physical exercise on cardiometabolic outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad155. [PMID: 38102800 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Different intermittent fasting (IF) protocols have been proven to be efficient in improving cardiometabolic markers, but further research is needed to examine whether or not combining IF regimens plus physical exercise is superior to control diets (ie, nonfasting eating) plus physical exercise in this setting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether or not combining IF plus exercise interventions is more favorable than a control diet plus exercise for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes. DATA SOURCE PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were comprehensively searched until April 2023. DATA EXTRACTION Electronic databases were searched for clinical trials that determined the effect of IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise on body weight, lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density lipoprotein [LDL], triglycerides, and total cholesterol), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). Analyses were conducted for IF plus exercise vs a nonfasting diet plus exercise to calculate weighted mean differences (WMDs). DATA ANALYSIS The meta-analysis included a total of 14 studies, with a total sample of 360 adults with or without obesity. The duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. IF plus exercise decreased body weight (WMD = -1.83 kg; P = 0.001), LDL (WMD = -5.35 mg/dL; P = 0.03), and SBP (WMD = -2.99 mm Hg; P = 0.003) significantly more than a control diet plus exercise. HDL (WMD = 1.57 mg/dL; P = 0.4) and total cholesterol (WMD = -2.24 mg/dL; P = 0.3) did not change significantly for IF plus exercise vs a control diet plus exercise, but there was a trend for reducing triglycerides (WMD = -13.13 mg/dL; P = 0.07) and DBP (WMD = 2.13 mm Hg; P = 0.05), which shows clinical magnitude. CONCLUSION IF plus exercise improved some cardiometabolic outcomes (body weight, blood pressure, and lipid profile) compared with a control diet plus exercise. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023423878.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Kazeminasab
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Baharlooie
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Khatereh Mokhtari
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Mirmira RG, Kulkarni RN, Xu P, Drossos T, Varady K, Knutson KL, Reutrakul S, Martyn-Nemeth P, Sargis RM, Wallia A, Tuchman AM, Weissberg-Benchell J, Danielson KK, Oakes SA, Thomas CC, Layden BT, May SC, Burbea Hoffmann M, Gatta E, Solway J, Philipson LH. Stress and human health in diabetes: A report from the 19 th Chicago Biomedical Consortium symposium. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e263. [PMID: 38229904 PMCID: PMC10790105 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress and diabetes coexist in a vicious cycle. Different types of stress lead to diabetes, while diabetes itself is a major life stressor. This was the focus of the Chicago Biomedical Consortium's 19th annual symposium, "Stress and Human Health: Diabetes," in November 2022. There, researchers primarily from the Chicago area met to explore how different sources of stress - from the cells to the community - impact diabetes outcomes. Presenters discussed the consequences of stress arising from mutant proteins, obesity, sleep disturbances, environmental pollutants, COVID-19, and racial and socioeconomic disparities. This symposium showcased the latest diabetes research and highlighted promising new treatment approaches for mitigating stress in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tina Drossos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Department of Neurology, Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Pamela Martyn-Nemeth
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert M. Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jill Weissberg-Benchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kirstie K. Danielson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott A. Oakes
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste C. Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sarah C. May
- Department of Medicine, Kovler Diabetes Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis H. Philipson
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, Section of Adult and Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Mao Z, Cawthon PM, Kritchevsky SB, Toledo FGS, Esser KA, Erickson ML, Newman AB, Farsijani S. The association between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health among older adults: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.13.23298454. [PMID: 38014276 PMCID: PMC10680884 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.13.23298454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Emerging studies highlight chrononutrition's impact on body composition through circadian clock entrainment, but its effect on older adults' muscle health remains largely overlooked. Objective To determine the associations between chrononutrition behaviors and muscle health in older adults. Methods Dietary data from 828 older adults (76±5y) recorded food/beverage amounts and their clock time over the past 24 hours. Studied chrononutrition behaviors included: 1) The clock time of the first and last food/beverage intake; 2) Eating window (the time elapsed between the first and last intake); and 3) Eating frequency (Number of self-identified eating events logged with changed meal occasion and clock time). Muscle mass (D 3 -creatine), leg muscle volume (MRI), grip strength (hand-held dynamometer), and leg power (Keiser) were used as outcomes. We used linear regression to assess the relationships between chrononutrition and muscle health, adjusting for age, sex, race, marital status, education, study site, self-reported health, energy, protein, fiber intake, weight, height, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results Average eating window was 11±2 h/d; first and last intake times were at 8:22 and 19:22, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, a longer eating window and a later last intake time were associated with greater muscle mass (β±SE: 0.18±0.09; 0.27±0.11, respectively, P <0.05). The longer eating window was also marginally associated with higher leg power ( P =0.058). An earlier intake time was associated with higher grip strength (-0.38±0.15; P =0.012). Conclusions Chrononutrition behaviors, including longer eating window, later last intake time, and earlier first intake time were associated with better muscle mass and function in older adults. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Key findings Chrononutrition behaviors, including longer eating window, later last intake time, and earlier first intake time were associated with better muscle mass and function in older adults.
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48
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Damasceno de Lima R, Fudoli Lins Vieira R, Rosetto Muñoz V, Chaix A, Azevedo Macedo AP, Calheiros Antunes G, Felonato M, Rosseto Braga R, Castelo Branco Ramos Nakandakari S, Calais Gaspar R, Ramos da Silva AS, Esper Cintra D, Pereira de Moura L, Mekary RA, Rochete Ropelle E, Pauli JR. Time-restricted feeding combined with resistance exercise prevents obesity and improves lipid metabolism in the liver of mice fed a high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E513-E528. [PMID: 37755454 PMCID: PMC10864020 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00129.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, is estimated to be the most common liver disease worldwide. Obesity is a major risk factor and contributor, and, accordingly, weight loss can improve NAFLD. Previous studies in preclinical models of diet-induced obesity and fatty liver disease have shown the independent benefits of resistance exercise training (RT) and time-restricted feeding (TRF) in preventing weight gain and hepatic build-up of fat. Here, we tested the combined effect of TRF and RT on obesity and NAFLD in mice fed a high-fat diet. Our results showed that both TRF-8-h food access in the active phase-and RT-consisting of three weekly sessions of ladder climbing-attenuated body weight gain, improved glycemic homeostasis, and decreased the accumulation of lipids in the liver. TRF combined with RT improved the respiratory exchange rate, energy expenditure, and mitochondrial respiration in the liver. Furthermore, gene expression analysis in the liver revealed lower mRNA expression of lipogenesis and inflammation genes along with increased mRNA of fatty acid oxidation genes in the TRF + RT group. Importantly, combined TRF + RT was shown to be more efficient in preventing obesity and metabolic disorders. In conclusion, TRF and RT exert complementary actions compared with isolated interventions, with significant effects on metabolic disorders and NAFLD in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) combined with resistance exercise training (RT) may be more efficient compared with these interventions alone is still unclear. We show that when combined with RT, TRF provided additional benefits, being more effective in increasing energy expenditure, preventing weight gain, and regulating glycemic homeostasis than each intervention alone. Thus, our results demonstrate that TRF and RT have complementary actions on some synergistic pathways that prevented obesity and hepatic liver accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Damasceno de Lima
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Amandine Chaix
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Ana Paula Azevedo Macedo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Maíra Felonato
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, and Postgraduate Program in Physical Education and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics (LabGeN), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rania A Mekary
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (MCPHS) University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Nie Z, Xu J, Cheng Y, Li Z, Zhang R, Zhang W, Zhao L. Effects of time-restricted eating with different eating windows on human metabolic health: pooled analysis of existing cohorts. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:209. [PMID: 37875984 PMCID: PMC10594936 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01190-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Time-restricted eating (TRE), a feasible form of intermittent fasting, has been proven to benefit metabolic health in animal models and humans. To our knowledge, specific guidance on the appropriate period for eating during TRE has not yet been promoted. Therefore, to compare and assess the relative effectiveness estimates and rankings of TRE with different eating windows on human metabolic health, we conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA). METHOD PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials that compared different eating windows on human metabolic health for adults. A Bayesian NMA was used to compare direct and indirect effects to determine the best different eating windows, and scientific evidence using GRADE. RESULTS Twenty-seven RCTs comparing TRE with different eating windows on human metabolic health were reviewed, and all were included in the NMA. Compared with the normal diet group (non-TRE), the TRE group has certain benefits in reducing weight and fasting insulin. In terms of reducing fasting insulin, the 18:6 group (eating time = 6 h) was better than the 14:10 group (eating time = 10 h) and 16:8 group (eating time = 8 h) (P < 0.05); The < 6 group (eating time < 6 h) was better than the 14:10 group (P < 0.05). In terms of reducing fasting glucose, the < 6 group was better than the 14:10 group (P < 0.05). There were no statistical variations in weight, HDL, TG, and LDL across the different modes of TRE (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our research showed that no particular metabolic advantages of various eating windows were found. Therefore, our results suggested that different eating windows could promote similar benefits for metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbiao Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yinchu Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Nephrology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030036, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, Beijing hospital of Integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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50
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Lin S, Cienfuegos S, Ezpeleta M, Pavlou V, Chakos K, McStay M, Runchey MC, Alexandria SJ, Varady KA. Effect of Time-Restricted Eating versus Daily Calorie Restriction on Mood and Quality of Life in Adults with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4313. [PMID: 37892388 PMCID: PMC10609268 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this secondary analysis is to compare the effects of two popular weight loss regimens, time-restricted eating (TRE) and daily calorie restriction (CR), on mood and quality-of-life measures in adults with obesity. Ninety participants were randomized to one of three interventions for 12 months: 8 h TRE (eating only between 12:00 and 8:00 p.m., with no calorie counting); CR (25% energy restriction daily); or no-intervention control group. Questionnaires were administered to measure mood (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Profile of Mood States (POMS)) and quality of life (Rand 36-Item Short Form) at baseline and month 12. Body weight decreased in the TRE group (-4.87%, 95%CI: -7.61, -2.13) and CR group (-5.30%, 95%CI: -9.06, -1.54) versus controls, with no difference between TRE and CR. The BDI-II depression score did not change in the TRE or CR group, versus controls, by month 12. Likewise, there were no changes in any of the POMS subscales (tension, depression, anger, fatigue, anger, confusion, or vigor) or the total mood disturbance score in the TRE or CR group versus controls. As for quality of life, there were no significant changes in the SF-36 constructs of mental health, bodily pain, and general physical health in the TRE or CR group versus controls. However, there was a trend towards increased vitality in the TRE group (7.77 [95% CI: 0.15, 15.39] p = 0.05) relative to controls. There were no associations between changes in body weight, physical activity, mood, and quality of life in any group by the end of the study. These findings suggest that TRE and CR produce similar degrees of weight loss, but impact neither mood nor quality of life in adults with obesity over 12 months. Future well-powered studies will be needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Lin
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sofia Cienfuegos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark Ezpeleta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pavlou
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kaitlin Chakos
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mara McStay
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary-Claire Runchey
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Shaina J. Alexandria
- Department of Preventative Medicine (Biostatistics), Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Krista A. Varady
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, 1919 West Taylor Street, Room 532, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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