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Wen H, Ouyang H, Shang H, Da C, Zhang T. Helix-to-sheet transition of the Aβ42 peptide revealed using an enhanced sampling strategy and Markov state model. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:688-699. [PMID: 38292476 PMCID: PMC10825278 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of Aβ peptides into toxic oligomers and fibrils is the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the conformational transition from helix to sheet is considered a crucial step in the aggregation of Aβ peptides. However, the structural details of this process still remain unclear due to the heterogeneity and transient nature of the Aβ peptides. In this study, we developed an enhanced sampling strategy that combines artificial neural networks (ANN) with metadynamics to explore the conformational space of the Aβ42 peptides. The strategy consists of two parts: applying ANN to optimize CVs and conducting metadynamics based on the resulting CVs to sample conformations. The results showed that this strategy achieved better sampling performance in terms of the distribution of sampled conformations. The sampling efficiency is increased by 10-fold compared to our previous Hamiltonian Exchange Molecular Dynamics (MD) and by 1000-fold compared to ordinary MD. Based on the sampled conformations, we constructed a Markov state model to understand the detailed transition process. The intermediate states in this process are identified, and the connecting paths are analyzed. The conformational transitions in D23-K28 and M35-V40 are proven to be crucial for aggregation. These results are helpful in clarifying the mechanism and process of Aβ42 peptide aggregation. D23-K28 and M35-V40 can be identified as potential targets for screening and designing inhibitors of Aβ peptide aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
- The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Hao Ouyang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Hao Shang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Chaohong Da
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, PR China
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2
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Zhou AL, Swaminathan SK, Salian VS, Wang L, Curran GL, Min HK, Lowe VJ, Kandimalla KK. Insulin Signaling Differentially Regulates the Trafficking of Insulin and Amyloid Beta Peptides at the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2176-2186. [PMID: 38625027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is instrumental in clearing toxic metabolites from the brain, such as amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, and in delivering essential nutrients to the brain, like insulin. In Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, increased Aβ levels are paralleled by decreased insulin levels, which are accompanied by insulin signaling deficits at the BBB. Thus, we investigated the impact of insulin-like growth factor and insulin receptor (IGF1R and IR) signaling on Aβ and insulin trafficking at the BBB. Following intravenous infusion of an IGF1R/IR kinase inhibitor (AG1024) in wild-type mice, the BBB trafficking of 125I radiolabeled Aβ peptides and insulin was assessed by dynamic SPECT/CT imaging. The brain efflux of [125I]iodo-Aβ42 decreased upon AG1024 treatment. Additionally, the brain influx of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, [125I]iodo-Aβ40, and [125I]iodo-BSA (BBB integrity marker) was decreased, increased, unchanged, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Subsequent mechanistic studies were performed using an in vitro BBB cell model. The cell uptake of [125I]iodoinsulin, [125I]iodo-Aβ42, and [125I]iodo-Aβ40 was decreased, increased, and unchanged, respectively, upon AG1024 treatment. Further, AG1024 reduced the phosphorylation of insulin signaling kinases (Akt and Erk) and the membrane expression of Aβ and insulin trafficking receptors (LRP-1 and IR-β). These findings reveal that insulin signaling differentially regulates the BBB trafficking of Aβ peptides and insulin. Moreover, deficits in IGF1R and IR signaling, as observed in the brains of type II diabetes and AD patients, are expected to increase Aβ accumulation while decreasing insulin delivery to the brain, which has been linked to the progression of cognitive decline in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Suresh K Swaminathan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Vrishali S Salian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Lushan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Geoffry L Curran
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Hoon-Ki Min
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Karunya K Kandimalla
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Brain Barriers Research Center, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Mayo P, Pascual J, Crisman E, Domínguez C, López MG, León R. Innovative pathological network-based multitarget approaches for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 38678582 DOI: 10.1002/med.22045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease and is a major health threat globally. Its prevalence is forecasted to exponentially increase during the next 30 years due to the global aging population. Currently, approved drugs are merely symptomatic, being ineffective in delaying or blocking the relentless disease advance. Intensive AD research describes this disease as a highly complex multifactorial disease. Disclosure of novel pathological pathways and their interconnections has had a major impact on medicinal chemistry drug development for AD over the last two decades. The complex network of pathological events involved in the onset of the disease has prompted the development of multitarget drugs. These chemical entities combine pharmacological activities toward two or more drug targets of interest. These multitarget-directed ligands are proposed to modify different nodes in the pathological network aiming to delay or even stop disease progression. Here, we review the multitarget drug development strategy for AD during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Mayo
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Pascual
- Departamento de desarrollo preclínico, Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela G López
- Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Maeda T, Shimamori K, Kurita H, Tokuraku K, Kuragano M. Amyloid β interferes with wound healing of brain microvascular endothelial cells by disorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. Exp Cell Res 2024; 436:113958. [PMID: 38325585 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a disease in which amyloid β (Aβ) is deposited in the cerebral blood vessels, reducing compliance, tearing and weakening of vessel walls, leading to cerebral hemorrhage. The mechanisms by which Aβ leads to focal wall fragmentation and intimal damage are not well understood. We analyzed the motility of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) in real-time using a wound-healing assay. We observed the suppression of cell migration by visualizing Aβ aggregation using quantum dot (QD) nanoprobes. In addition, using QD nanoprobes and a SiR-actin probe, we simultaneously observed Aβ aggregation and F-actin organization in real-time for the first time. Aβ began to aggregate at the edge of endothelial cells, reducing cell motility. In addition, Aβ aggregation disorganized the actin cytoskeleton and induced abnormal actin aggregation. Aβ aggregated actively in the anterior group, where cell motility was active. Our findings may be a first step toward explaining the mechanism by which Aβ causes vascular wall fragility, bleeding, and rebleeding in CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Maeda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Ohkawara Neurosurgical Hospital, Hokkaido, 050-0082, Japan; Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Keiya Shimamori
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurita
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tokuraku
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kuragano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, Hokkaido, 050-8585, Japan.
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5
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Wang K, Cai W. Binding mechanism of full-length Aβ40 peptide to a mixed lipid bilayer. Front Chem 2024; 12:1367793. [PMID: 38449479 PMCID: PMC10914957 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1367793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The destructive effect of Aβ peptides on membranes is an important source of its cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We have investigated the binding mechanism between the Aβ42 peptide and bilayer in our former work. However, as another abundant form of Aβ peptides in the physiological environment, the binding mechanism between Aβ40 peptide and the lipid bilayer still remains ambiguous. Hence, we performed all-atom simulations on the Aβ40 peptides with the lipid bilayer herein using replica exchange with the solute tempering 2 method. We obtained four major binding models with the hydrophobic C-terminus as the most preferable binding region. Hydrophobic residues and positively charged residues are the principal residues involved in the peptide-bilayer interactions. Aβ40 peptides in our simulation mainly adopt a β-rich conformation in both bound and unbound states. Besides, we determined peptide-water interactions and found that bound peptides prefer forming hydrogen bonds with water molecules than unbound peptides. Our findings herein may provide new insights for the in-depth understanding of the membrane-destructive mechanism of Aβ peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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6
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Kot K, Kot Y, Kurbanov R, Andriiash H, Tigunova O, Blume Y, Shulga S. The effect of human PBMCs immobilization on their Аβ42 aggregates-dependent proinflammatory state on a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1325287. [PMID: 38406587 PMCID: PMC10884286 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1325287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The leading pathological mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease are amyloidosis and inflammation. The presented work was aimed to study the effect of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMcs) cells-matrix adhesion on their pro-inflammatory state in vitro. Although direct interaction of Аβ42 to PBMC is not a cellular model of Alzheimer's disease, PBMCs may serve as test cells to detect Аβ42-dependent molecular effects in monitoring disease progression. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are used to assess changes in cytokines released in response to diseases or Alzheimer's disease-specific cytotoxic molecules such as Aβ42. The effect of recombinant amyloid β-peptide rАβ42 on the concentration of endogenous amyloid β-peptide Aβ40 and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells that were cultured in suspension and immobilized in alginate microcarriers for 24 h were investigated. The localization and accumulation of Aβ40 and rAβ42 peptides in cells, as well as quantitative determination of the concentration of Aβ40 peptide, TNFα and IL-1β cytokines, was performed by intravital fluorescence imaging. The results were qualitatively similar for both cell models. It was determined that the content of TNFα and Aβ40 in the absence of rAβ42 in the incubation medium did not change for 24 h after incubation, and the content of IL-1β was lower compared to the cells that were not incubated. Incubation of cells in vitro with exogenous rAβ42 led to an increase in the intracellular content of TNFα and Aβ40, and no accumulation of IL-1β in cells was observed. The accumulation of Aβ40 in the cytoplasm was accompanied by the aggregation of rAβ42 on the outer surface of the cell plasma membrane. It was shown that the basic levels of indicators and the intensity of the response of immobilized cells to an exogenous stimulus were significantly greater than those of cells in suspension. To explore whether non-neuronal cells effects in alginate microcarriers were cell-matrix adhesion mediated, we tested the effect of blocking β1 integrins on proamyloidogenic and proinflammation cellular state. Immobilization within alginate hydrogels after incubation with the β1 integrins blocking antibodies showed a remarkable inhibition of TNFα and Aβ40 accumulation in rAβ42-treated cells. It can be concluded that activation of signal transduction and synthesizing activity of a portion of mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood is possible (can significantly increase) in the presence of cell-matrix adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Kot
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yurii Kot
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Rustam Kurbanov
- Biochemistry Department, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Andriiash
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olena Tigunova
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Blume
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Shulga
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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7
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Hu GJ, Jiang XY, Du SY, Zhang K, Chen Z. miR-107-5p ameliorates neurological damage, oxidative stress, and immune responses in mice with Alzheimer's disease by suppressing the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB) pathway. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:119-130. [PMID: 38305705 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating neurodegenerative condition primarily affecting the elderly. Emerging research suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in the development of AD. This study investigates the impact of miR-107-5p on neurological damage, oxidative stress, and immune responses in AD. We utilized APP/PS1 mice as AD mouse models and C57BL/6 J mice as controls. AD mice received treatment with agomir miR-107-5p (to overexpress miR-107-5p) or BAY11-7082 (an NF-κB pathway inhibitor). We evaluated learning and memory abilities through the Morris water maze test. Histopathological changes, hippocampal neuron distribution, and apoptosis were assessed using hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and TUNEL staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, amyloid-Aβ (Aβ1-40/42) contents, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) in hippocampal tissues were measured using ROS kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Microglial activation in hippocampal tissues was observed under a fluorescence microscope. miR-107-5p's binding to TLR4 was predicted via the TargetScan database and confirmed through a dual-luciferase assay. miR-107-5p expression, along with TLR4, APOE, and TREM2 in hippocampal tissue homogenate, and NF-κB p65 protein expression in the nucleus and cytoplasm were assessed via RT-qPCR and Western blot. Overexpression of miR-107-5p ameliorated hippocampal neurological damage, oxidative stress, and immune responses. This was evidenced by improved enhanced learning/memory abilities, reduced Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels, diminished neuronal injuries, decreased ROS and TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels, increased APOE and TREM2 levels, and suppressed microglial activation. miR-107-5p directly targeted and inhibited TLR4 expression, leading to reduced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the NF-κB pathway. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway similarly improved neurological damage, oxidative stress, and immune response in AD mice. miR-107-5p exerts its beneficial effects by suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, ultimately ameliorating neurological damage, oxidative stress, and immune responses in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jun Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si-Yu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan Third Hospital/Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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8
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Zhang T, Kim BM, Lee TH. Death-associated protein kinase 1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:4. [PMID: 38195518 PMCID: PMC10775678 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia in the elderly and represents a major clinical challenge in the ageing society. Neuropathological hallmarks of AD include neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, senile plaques derived from the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, brain atrophy induced by neuronal loss, and synaptic dysfunctions. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) is ubiquitously expressed in the central nervous system. Dysregulation of DAPK1 has been shown to contribute to various neurological diseases including AD, ischemic stroke and Parkinson's disease (PD). We have established an upstream effect of DAPK1 on Aβ and tau pathologies and neuronal apoptosis through kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation, supporting a causal role of DAPK1 in the pathophysiology of AD. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about how DAPK1 is involved in various AD pathological changes including tau hyperphosphorylation, Aβ deposition, neuronal cell death and synaptic degeneration. The underlying molecular mechanisms of DAPK1 dysregulation in AD are discussed. We also review the recent progress regarding the development of novel DAPK1 modulators and their potential applications in AD intervention. These findings substantiate DAPK1 as a novel therapeutic target for the development of multifunctional disease-modifying treatments for AD and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Byeong Mo Kim
- Research Center for New Drug Development, AgingTarget Inc., 10F Ace Cheonggye Tower, 53, Seonggogae-Ro, Uiwang-Si, 16006, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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9
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Qiang W, Kengwerere M, Zhao W, Scott FJ, Wutoh-Hughes X, Wang T, Mentink-Vigier F. Heterotypic Interactions between the 40- and 42-Residue Isoforms of β-Amyloid Peptides on Lipid Bilayer Surfaces. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4153-4162. [PMID: 37991929 PMCID: PMC10867818 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Co-aggregation involving different amyloidogenic sequences has been emphasized recently in the modified amyloid cascade hypothesis. Yet, molecular-level interactions between two predominant β-amyloid peptide sequences, Aβ40 and Aβ42, in the fibrillation process in membrane-mimicked environments remain unclear. Here, we report biophysical evidence that demonstrates the molecular-level interactions between Aβ40 and Aβ42 at the membrane-associated conucleation stage using dynamic nuclear polarization-enhanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy. These residue-specific contacts are distinguished from those reported in mature fibrils formed by either Aβ40 or Aβ42. Meanwhile, site-specific interactions between Aβ and lipid molecules and modulation of microsecond-time-scale lipid dynamics are observed, which may be responsible for the more rapid and significant membrane content leakage compared to that with Aβ40 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiang
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Maurine Kengwerere
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Wancheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Faith J. Scott
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Xyomara Wutoh-Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
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10
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Sanchis I, Spinelli R, Siano A. Acetylcholine hydrolytic activity of fibrillated β-amyloid (1-40) peptide. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1991-1997. [PMID: 37904049 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of senile plaques composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregates with toxic effects that are still not fully understood. Recently, it was discovered that Aβ(1-42) fibrils possess catalytic activity on acetylcholine hydrolysis. Catalytic amyloids are an emerging and exciting field of research. In this study, we examined the catalytic activity of the fibrils formed by Aβ(1-40), the most abundant Aβ variant, on acetylcholine hydrolysis. Our findings reveal that Aβ(1-40) fibrils exhibit moderate enzymatic activity, indicating that natural peptide aggregates could serve as biocatalysts and provide new insights into the potential role of Aβ in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sanchis
- Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roque Spinelli
- Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alvaro Siano
- Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, National University of the Littoral, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
- Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz, 2290, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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11
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Ramezani M, Fernando M, Eslick S, Asih PR, Shadfar S, Bandara EMS, Hillebrandt H, Meghwar S, Shahriari M, Chatterjee P, Thota R, Dias CB, Garg ML, Martins RN. Ketone bodies mediate alterations in brain energy metabolism and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1297984. [PMID: 38033541 PMCID: PMC10687427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1297984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits, and behavioral changes. Neuropathology hallmarks of AD such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing the neuron-specific protein tau is associated with changes in fluid biomarkers including Aβ, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-181, p-tau 231, p-tau 217, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL). Another pathological feature of AD is neural damage and hyperactivation of astrocytes, that can cause increased pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. In addition, reduced brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction appears up to 15 years before the onset of clinical AD symptoms. As glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD, ketone bodies (KBs) may serve as an alternative source of energy. KBs are generated from the β-oxidation of fatty acids, which are enhanced following consumption of ketogenic diets with high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. KBs have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier to improve brain energy metabolism. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on how increasing KBs support brain energy metabolism. In addition, for the first time, this review discusses the effects of ketogenic diet on the putative AD biomarkers such as Aβ, tau (mainly p-tau 181), GFAP, and NFL, and discusses the role of KBs on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Malika Fernando
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heidi Hillebrandt
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Silochna Meghwar
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Maryam Shahriari
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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12
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Wu Z, Ye L, Yuan N, Che Ajuyo NM, Xiao Z, Liu L, Chen Z, Pei Y, Min Y, Wang D. A Molecular Integrative Study on the Inhibitory Effects of WRR and ERW on Amyloid β Peptide (1-42) Polymerization and Cell Toxicity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4356. [PMID: 38006082 PMCID: PMC10674201 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the main pathological characteristic of AD is the deposition of Aβ42 in the brain. Inhibition of Aβ42 polymerization is one of the important research directions. Due to the pathological complexity of Alzheimer's disease, studies on Aβ42 polymerization inhibitors have not made significant progress worldwide. Using an independently constructed structure database of oligopeptides, in this study, molecular docking, umbrella sampling analysis of free energy, ThT fluorescence detection of Aβ42 polymerization, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis were performed to screen tripeptides and pentapeptides that inhibit polymerization. It was found that two tripeptides, i.e., WRR and ERW, bind stably to the core of Aβ42 polymerization in the molecular dynamics analysis, and they significantly inhibited the aggregation of Aβ42 and reduced their cell toxicity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lianmeng Ye
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nan Yuan
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Nuela Manka’a Che Ajuyo
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhengpan Xiao
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liangwang Liu
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zuqian Chen
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yechun Pei
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yi Min
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- One Health Cooperative Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of the Ministry of Education of China, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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13
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Dallari C, Lenci E, Trabocchi A, Bessi V, Bagnoli S, Nacmias B, Credi C, Pavone FS. Multilayered Bioorthogonal SERS Nanoprobes Selectively Aggregating in Human Fluids: A Smart Optical Assay for β-Amyloid Peptide Quantification. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3693-3700. [PMID: 37758234 PMCID: PMC10616841 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral skill impairment, features that worsen with time. Early diagnosis will likely be the most effective therapy for Alzheimer's disease since it can ensure timely pharmacological treatments that can reduce the irreversible progression and delay the symptoms. Amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (Aβ (1-42)) is considered one of the key pathological AD biomarkers that is present in different biological fluids. However, Aβ (1-42) detection still relies on colorimetric and enzyme-linked immunoassays as the gold standard characterized by low accuracy or high costs, respectively. In this context, optical detection techniques based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) through advanced nanoconstructs are promising alternatives for the development of novel rapid and low-cost methods for the targeting of Aβ pathological biomarkers in fluids. Here, a multilayered nanoprobe constituted by bioorthogonal Raman reporters (RRs) embedded within two layers of gold nanoparticles (Au@RRs@AuNPs) has been developed and successfully validated for specific detection of Aβ (1-42) in the human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with sensitivity down to pg/mL. The smart double-layer configuration enables us to exploit the outer gold NP surfaces for selective absorption of targeted peptide whose concentration controls the aggregation behavior of Au@RRs@AuNPs, proportionally reflected in Raman intensity changes, providing high specificity and sensitivity and representing a significant step ahead of the state of the art on SERS for clinical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Dallari
- European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- National
Institute of Optics (INO), National Research
Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Elena Lenci
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Valentina Bessi
- Department
of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (NeuroFarba), University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Silvia Bagnoli
- Department
of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (NeuroFarba), University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department
of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences (NeuroFarba), University of Florence, Firenze 50134, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione
Don Carlo Gnocchi, Firenze 50143, Italy
| | - Caterina Credi
- European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- National
Institute of Optics (INO), National Research
Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European
Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Department
of Physics, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- National
Institute of Optics (INO), National Research
Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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14
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Sin MK, Zamrini E, Ahmed A, Nho K, Hajjar I. Anti-Amyloid Therapy, AD, and ARIA: Untangling the Role of CAA. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6792. [PMID: 37959255 PMCID: PMC10647766 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-amyloid therapies (AATs), such as anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies, are emerging treatments for people with early Alzheimer's disease (AD). AATs target amyloid β plaques in the brain. Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA), abnormal signals seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain in patients with AD, may occur spontaneously but occur more frequently as side effects of AATs. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major risk factor for ARIA. Amyloid β plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD and of CAA. Amyloid β accumulation in the brain parenchyma as plaques is a pathological hallmark of AD, whereas amyloid β accumulation in cerebral vessels leads to CAA. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of ARIA is necessary for early detection of those at highest risk. This could lead to improved risk stratification and the ultimate reduction of symptomatic ARIA. Histopathological confirmation of CAA by brain biopsy or autopsy is the gold standard but is not clinically feasible. MRI is an available in vivo tool for detecting CAA. Cerebrospinal fluid amyloid β level testing and amyloid PET imaging are available but do not offer specificity for CAA vs amyloid plaques in AD. Thus, developing and testing biomarkers as reliable and sensitive screening tools for the presence and severity of CAA is a priority to minimize ARIA complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Kyung Sin
- College of Nursing, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | | | - Ali Ahmed
- VA Medical Center, Washington, DC 20242, USA;
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- School of Medicine, Indianna University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- School of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
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15
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Khan F, Qiu H. Amyloid-β: A potential mediator of aging-related vascular pathologies. Vascul Pharmacol 2023; 152:107213. [PMID: 37625763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2023.107213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the most promising risk factors for vascular diseases, however, the precise mechanisms mediating aging-related pathologies are not fully understood. Amyloid beta (Aβ), a peptide produced by the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), is known as a key mediator of brain damage involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, it was found that the accumulation of Aβ in the vascular wall is linked to a range of aging-related vascular pathologies, indicating a potential role of Aβ in the pathogenesis of aging-associated vascular diseases. In the present review, we have updated the molecular regulation of Aβ in vascular cells and tissues, summarized the relevance of the Aβ deposition with vascular aging and diseases, and the role of Aβ dysregulation in aging-associated vascular pathologies, including the impaired vascular response, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This review will provide advanced information in understanding aging-related vascular pathologies and a new avenue to explore therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlullah Khan
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine-Phoenix, The University of Arizona, Phoenix 85004, AZ, USA.
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16
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Lin X, Zhang H, Liu W, Dong X, Sun Y. Methylene Blue-Doped Carbonized Polymer Dots: A Potent Photooxygenation Scavenger Targeting Alzheimer's β-Amyloid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44062-44074. [PMID: 37682558 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and thus development of potent scavengers targeting Aβ is considered an effective strategy for AD treatment. Herein, photosensitizer-doped carbonized polymer dots (PS-CPDs) were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method using photosensitizer (PS) and o-phenylenediamine (oPD) as precursors, and furtherly applied to inhibit Aβ aggregation via photooxygenation. The inhibition efficiency of such PS-CPDs can be adjusted by varying the type of photosensitizer, and among them, methylene blue-doped carbonized polymer dots (MB-CPDs) showed the strongest photooxygenation inhibition capability. The results demonstrated that under 650 nm NIR light irradiation, MB-CPDs (2 μg/mL) produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) to efficiently inhibit Aβ fibrillization and disaggregate mature Aβ fibrils and increased the cultured cell viability from 50% to 83%. In vivo studies confirmed that MB-CPDs extended the lifespan of AD nematodes by 4 days. Notably, the inhibitory capability of MB-CPDs is much stronger than that of MB and previously reported carbonized polymer dots. This work indicated that potent photooxygenation carbon dots can be obtained by using a photosensitizer as one of the precursors, and the results have provided new insights into the design of potent photooxygenation carbon nanomaterials targeting Aβ in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoding Lin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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17
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Wang Y, Liu W, Dong X, Sun Y. Design of Self-Assembled Nanoparticles as a Potent Inhibitor and Fluorescent Probe for β-Amyloid Fibrillization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:12576-12589. [PMID: 37624641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains incurable due to its complex pathogenesis. The deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain appears much earlier than any clinical symptoms and plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of AD neuropathology, which implies the importance of early theranostics. Herein, we designed a self-assembled bifunctional nanoparticle (LC8-pCG-fLC8) for Aβ fluorescent diagnosis and inhibition. The nanoparticle was synthesized by click chemistry from Aβ-targeting peptide Ac-LVFFARKC-NH2 (LC8) and an Aβ fluorescent probe f with the zwitterionic copolymer poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate-glycidyl methacrylate) (p(CBMA-GMA), pCG). Owing to the high reactivity of epoxy groups, the peptide concentration of LC8-pCG-fLC8 nanoparticles reached about 4 times higher than that of the existing inhibitor LVFFARK@poly(carboxybetaine) (LK7@pCB). LC8-pCG-fLC8 exhibited remarkable inhibitory capability (suppression efficiency of 83.0% at 20 μM), altered the aggregation pathway of Aβ, and increased the survival rate of amyloid-induced cultured cells from 76.5% to 98.0% at 20 μM. Notably, LC8-pCG-fLC8 possessed excellent binding affinity, good biostability, and high fluorescence responsivity to β-sheet-rich Aβ oligomers and fibrils, which could be used for the early diagnosis of Aβ aggregation. More importantly, in vivo tests using transgenic C. elegans CL2006 stain showed that LC8-pCG-fLC8 could specifically image Aβ plaques, prolong the lifespan (from 13 to 17 days), and attenuate the AD-like symptoms (reducing paralysis and Aβ deposition). Therefore, self-assembled nanoparticles hold great potential in AD theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering and Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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18
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Liu Y, Wang P, Jin G, Shi P, Zhao Y, Guo J, Yin Y, Shao Q, Li P, Yang P. The novel function of bexarotene for neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102021. [PMID: 37495118 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Bexarotene, a retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, is approved by FDA to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. However, it has also demonstrated promising therapeutic potential for neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, Parkinson's disease, and particularly Alzheimer's disease(AD). In AD, bexarotene inhibits the production and aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ), activates Liver X Receptor/RXR heterodimers to increase lipidated apolipoprotein E to remove Aβ, mitigates the negative impact of Aβ, regulates neuroinflammation, and ultimately improves cognitive function. For other neurological diseases, its mechanisms of action include inhibiting inflammatory responses, up-regulating microglial phagocytosis, and reducing misfolded protein aggregation, all of which aid in alleviating neurological damage. Here, we briefly discuss the characteristics, applications, and adverse effects of bexarotene, summarize its pharmacological mechanisms and therapeutic results in various neurological diseases, and elaborate on the problems encountered in preclinical research, with the aim of providing help for the further application of bexarotene in central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangtao Liu
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; College of Third Clinical, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Guofang Jin
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peijie Shi
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Xinxiang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jiayi Guo
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yaling Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qianhang Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Li
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Pengfei Yang
- College of Pharamacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China; Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Vascular Remodeling Intervention and Molecular Targeted Therapy Drug Development, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, Xinxiang, China.
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19
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Kaštelan S, Braš M, Pjevač N, Bakija I, Tomić Z, Pjevač Keleminić N, Gverović Antunica A. Tear Biomarkers and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13429. [PMID: 37686235 PMCID: PMC10488148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that represents the most common type of dementia. It poses a significant diagnostic challenge that requires timely recognition and treatment. Currently, there is no effective therapy for AD; however, certain medications may slow down its progression. The discovery of AD biomarkers, namely, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and cerebrospinal fluid molecules (amyloid-β and tau) has advanced our understanding of this disease and has been crucial for identifying early neuropathologic changes prior to clinical changes and cognitive decline. The close interrelationship between the eye and the brain suggests that tears could be an interesting source of biomarkers for AD; however, studies in this area are limited. The identification of biomarkers in tears will enable the development of cost-effective, non-invasive methods of screening, diagnosis and disease monitoring. In order to use tears as a standard method for early and non-invasive diagnosis of AD, future studies need to be conducted on a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snježana Kaštelan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Braš
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, Medical Ethics and Communication Skills, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Neda Pjevač
- Department of Medical Statistics, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bakija
- Department of Integrative Psychiatry, Psychiatry Hospital “Sveti Ivan”, 10090 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zora Tomić
- Health Centre of the Croatian Department of Internal Affairs, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nada Pjevač Keleminić
- Department of Family Medicine, Health Centre Zagreb-Centar, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonela Gverović Antunica
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, University of Dubrovnik, 20000 Dubrovnik, Croatia
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20
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Nikom D, Zheng S. Alternative splicing in neurodegenerative disease and the promise of RNA therapies. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:457-473. [PMID: 37336982 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing generates a myriad of RNA products and protein isoforms of different functions from a single gene. Dysregulated alternative splicing has emerged as a new mechanism broadly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease and repeat expansion diseases. Understanding the mechanisms and functional outcomes of abnormal splicing in neurological disorders is vital in developing effective therapies to treat mis-splicing pathology. In this Review, we discuss emerging research and evidence of the roles of alternative splicing defects in major neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the latest advances in RNA-based therapeutic strategies to target these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nikom
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Sika Zheng
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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21
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Jury-Garfe N, You Y, Martínez P, Redding-Ochoa J, Karahan H, Johnson TS, Zhang J, Kim J, Troncoso JC, Lasagna-Reeves CA. Enhanced microglial dynamics and paucity of tau seeding in the amyloid plaque microenvironment contributes to cognitive resilience in Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550884. [PMID: 37546928 PMCID: PMC10402121 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Asymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AsymAD) describes the status of subjects with preserved cognition but with identifiable Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain pathology (i.e. Aβ-amyloid deposits, neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles) at autopsy. In this study, we investigated the postmortem brains of a cohort of AsymAD cases to gain insight into the underlying mechanisms of resilience to AD pathology and cognitive decline. Our results showed that AsymAD cases exhibit an enrichment of core plaques and decreased filamentous plaque accumulation, as well as an increase in microglia surrounding this last type. In AsymAD cases we found less pathological tau aggregation in dystrophic neurites compared to AD and tau seeding activity comparable to healthy control subjects. We used spatial transcriptomics to further characterize the plaque niche and found autophagy, endocytosis, and phagocytosis within the top upregulated pathways in the AsymAD plaque niche, but not in AD. Furthermore, we found ARP2, an actin-based motility protein crucial to initiate the formation of new actin filaments, increased within microglia in the proximity of amyloid plaques in AsymAD. Our findings support that the amyloid-plaque microenvironment in AsymAD cases is characterized by microglia with highly efficient actin-based cell motility mechanisms and decreased tau seeding compared to AD. These two mechanisms can potentially provide protection against the toxic cascade initiated by Aβ that preserves brain health and slows down the progression of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Jury-Garfe
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yanwen You
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Javier Redding-Ochoa
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Travis S. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Juan C. Troncoso
- Departments of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves
- Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Faerman A, Clark JB, Sutton JP. Neuropsychological considerations for long-duration deep spaceflight. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1146096. [PMID: 37275233 PMCID: PMC10235498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1146096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deep space environment far beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO) introduces multiple and simultaneous risks for the functioning and health of the central nervous system (CNS), which may impair astronauts' performance and wellbeing. As future deep space missions to Mars, moons, or asteroids will also exceed current LEO stay durations and are estimated to require up to 3 years, we review recent evidence with contemporary and historic spaceflight case studies addressing implications for long-duration missions. To highlight the need for specific further investigations, we provide neuropsychological considerations integrating cognitive and motor functions, neuroimaging, neurological biomarkers, behavior changes, and mood and affect to construct a multifactorial profile to explain performance variability, subjective experience, and potential risks. We discuss the importance of adopting a neuropsychological approach to long-duration deep spaceflight (LDDS) missions and draw specific recommendations for future research in space neuropsychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afik Faerman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Clark
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey P. Sutton
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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23
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Wei P. Ultra-Early Screening of Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Pathology. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051423. [PMID: 37239094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's pathology can be assessed and defined via Aβ and tau biomarkers. The preclinical period of Alzheimer's disease is long and lasts several decades. Although effective therapies to block pathological processes of Alzheimer's disease are still lacking, downward trends in the incidence and prevalence of dementia have occurred in developed countries. Accumulating findings support that education, cognitive training, physical exercise/activities, and a healthy lifestyle can protect cognitive function and promote healthy aging. Many studies focus on detecting mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and take a variety of interventions in this stage to protect cognitive function. However, when Alzheimer's pathology advances to the stage of MCI, interventions may not be successful in blocking the development of the pathological process. MCI individuals reverting to normal cognitive function exhibited a high probability to progress to dementia. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective measures before the MCI stage. Compared with MCI, an earlier stage, transitional cognitive decline, may be a better time window in which effective interventions are adopted for at-risk individuals. Detecting this stage in large populations relies on rapid screening of cognitive function; given that many cognitive tests focus on MCI detection, new tools need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxu Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Key Laboratory of Neuro-Functional Information and Rehabilitation Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing 100176, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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Li QY, Yu X, Li X, Bao LN, Zhang Y, Wang SL, Jiang M, Huang K, Xu L. Congo Red-Derived Carbon Dots: Simultaneously as Fluorescence Probe for Protein Aggregates, Inhibitor for Protein Aggregation, and Scavenger of Free Radicals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205634. [PMID: 36748326 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The pathological aggregation of some proteins is claimed to be highly related to several human diseases, such as β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42 ) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), islet amyloid polypeptide, and insulin to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is in desperate need to develop effective methods for detection of protein aggregates and inhibition of abnormal aggregation. Herein, to construct all-in-one probe with both diagnosis and treatment potentials for protein aggregation diseases, Congo red (CR), a classical staining reagent with red fluorescence signal output for protein aggregates, is deliberately adopted to react with three different reductive carbon sources and ammonium persulfate to generate three CR-derived carbon dots (CDs). The obtained CDs exhibit the capabilities of turn-on red fluorescence imaging of protein aggregates, and/or inhibition of protein aggregation as well as scavenging of free radicals. Among them, CA-CDs, using citric acid as the reductive carbon source, demonstrate the superiority to the other two studied CDs in integrating all of these functions, and particularly exert excellent cytoprotection effect against toxic Aβ42 species, possessing tremendous potential in diagnosis and treatment of AD for future study. The present study paves a new way to develop all-in-one CDs for the protein disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Ying Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi Li
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Na Bao
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shi-Lin Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li Xu
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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25
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Li X, Yang Z, Chen Y, Zhang S, Wei G, Zhang L. Dissecting the Molecular Mechanisms of the Co-Aggregation of Aβ40 and Aβ42 Peptides: A REMD Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:4050-4060. [PMID: 37126408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) into oligomers and amyloid fibrils is closely related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ40 and Aβ42, as two most prominent isoforms of Aβ peptides, can cross-interact with each other and form co-aggregates, which affect the progression of the disease. However, the molecular determinants underlying Aβ40 and Aβ42 cross-interaction and the structural details of their co-oligomers remain elusive. Herein, we performed all-atom explicit-solvent replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations on Aβ40-Aβ42 heterogeneous and Aβ40/Aβ42 homogeneous dimer systems to dissect the co-aggregation mechanisms of the two isoforms. Our results show that the interpeptide main-chain interaction of Aβ40-Aβ42 is stronger than that of Aβ40-Aβ40 and Aβ42-Aβ42. The positions of hotspot residues in heterodimers and homodimers display high similarity, implying similar molecular recognition sites for both cross-interaction and self-interaction. Contact maps of Aβ40-Aβ42 heterodimers reveal that residue pairs crucial for cross-interaction are mostly located in the C-terminal hydrophobic regions of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides. Conformational analysis shows that Aβ40 and Aβ42 monomers can co-assemble into β-sheet-rich heterodimers with shorter β-sheets than those in homodimers, which is decremental to monomer addition. Similar molecular recognition sites and β-sheet distribution of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are observed in heterodimers and homodimers, which may provide the molecular basis for the two isoforms' co-aggregation and cross-seeding. Our work dissects the co-aggregation mechanisms of Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides at the atomic level, which will help for in-depth understanding of the cross-talk between the two Aβ isoforms and the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), and Department of Physics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Dong X, Zhou S, Nao J. Kaempferol as a therapeutic agent in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence from preclinical studies. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101910. [PMID: 36924572 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and seriously affects human life and health. Kaempferol (KMP) is a common flavonoid, that is mainly derived from the rhizomes of Kaempferol galanga L. and is widely found in various fruits and vegetables. Previous studies have suggested that KMP has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the anti-AD mechanism of KMP has not been elucidated. METHODS This systematic review aims to summarize the existing preclinical experiments on KMP, further confirm the therapeutic effect of KMP in an AD model, and summarize the possible mechanism by which KMP exerts anti-AD effects. Electronic databases, including PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Academic, and Wanfang, were searched using the keywords of 'Kaempferol,' 'KMP,' 'pharmacology,' and 'Alzheimer's disease'. RESULTS We evaluated the reliability of the 12 included studies, and the results showed that the anti-AD mechanism of KMP was reliable and that the prospect of KMP in the treatment of cognitive impairment was promising. We comprehensively assessed the neuroprotective effects of KMP in in vivo and in vitro models of AD. These studies shown that KMP ameliorated AD through several mechanisms, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-acetylcholinesterase effects. CONCLUSION KMP may exert anti-AD effects through various mechanisms and is a potential drug with broad prospects for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Siyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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Hu X, Meier M, Pruessner J. Challenges and opportunities of diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease based on structural magnetic resonance imaging. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2925. [PMID: 36795041 PMCID: PMC10013953 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This article aimed to carry out a narrative literature review of early diagnostic markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on both micro and macro levels of pathology, indicating the shortcomings of current biomarkers and proposing a novel biomarker of structural integrity that associates the hippocampus and adjacent ventricle together. This could help to reduce the influence of individual variety and improve the accuracy and validity of structural biomarker. METHODS This review was based on presenting comprehensive background of early diagnostic markers of AD. We have compiled those markers into micro level and macro level, and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of them. Eventually the ratio of gray matter volume to ventricle volume was put forward. RESULTS The costly methodologies and related high patient burden of "micro" biomarkers (cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers) hinder the implementation in routine clinical examination. In terms of "macro" biomarkers- hippocampal volume (HV), there is a large variation of it among population, which undermines its validity Considering the gray matter atrophies while the adjacent ventricular volume enlarges, we assume the hippocampal to ventricle ratio (HVR) is a more reliable marker than HV alone the emerging evidence showed hippocampal to ventricle ratio predicts memory functions better than HV alone in elderly sample. CONCLUSIONS The ratio between gray matter structures and adjacent ventricular volumes counts as a promising superior diagnostic marker of early neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Hu
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maria Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jens Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Astragaloside IV: A promising natural neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114229. [PMID: 36652731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality rates, which seriously threaten human health. However, clinically satisfactory agents for treatment are still currently lacking. Therefore, finding neuroprotective agents with minimum side effects and better efficacy is a challenge. Chinese herbal medicine, particularly natural preparations extracted from herbs or plants, has become an unparalleled resource for discovering new agent candidates. Astragali Radix is an important Qi tonic drug in traditional Chinese medicine and has a long medicinal history. As a natural medicine, it has a good prevention and treatment effect on neurological disorders. Here, the role and mechanism of astragaloside IV in the treatment of neurological disorders were evaluated and discussed through previous research results. Related information from major scientific databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Library, covering between 2001 and 2021 was compiled, using "Astragaloside IV" and "Neurological disorders," "Astragaloside IV," and "Neurodegenerative diseases" as reference terms. By summarizing previous research results, we found that astragaloside IV may play a neuroprotective role through various mechanisms: anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic protection of nerve cells and regulation of nerve growth factor, as well as by inhibiting neurodegeneration and promoting nerve regeneration. Astragaloside IV is a promising natural neuroprotective agent. By determining its pharmacological mechanism, astragaloside IV may be a new candidate drug for the treatment of neurological disorders.
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29
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Habashi M, Chauhan PS, Vutla S, Senapati S, Diachkov M, El-Husseini A, Guérin B, Lubell WD, Rahimipour S. Aza-Residue Modulation of Cyclic d,l-α-Peptide Nanotube Assembly with Enhanced Anti-Amyloidogenic Activity. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3058-3072. [PMID: 36763536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Transient soluble oligomers of amyloid-β (Aβ) are considered among the most toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Soluble Aβ oligomers accumulate early prior to insoluble plaque formation and cognitive impairment. The cyclic d,l-α-peptide CP-2 (1) self-assembles into nanotubes and demonstrates promising anti-amyloidogenic activity likely by a mechanism involving engagement of soluble oligomers. Systematic replacement of the residues in peptide 1 with aza-amino acid counterparts was performed to explore the effects of hydrogen bonding on propensity to mitigate Aβ aggregation and toxicity. Certain azapeptides exhibited improved ability to engage, alter the secondary structure, and inhibit aggregation of Aβ. Moreover, certain azapeptides disassembled preformed Aβ fibrils and protected cells from Aβ-mediated toxicity. Substitution of the l-norleucine3 and d-serine6 residues in peptide 1 with aza-norleucine and aza-homoserine provided, respectively, nontoxic [azaNle3]-1 (4) and [azaHse6]-1 (7), that significantly abated symptoms in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans AD model by decreasing Aβ oligomer levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram Habashi
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Pradeep S Chauhan
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, B-3015 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Suresh Vutla
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, B-3015 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sudipta Senapati
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Mykhailo Diachkov
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ali El-Husseini
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, B-3015 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Brigitte Guérin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Université de Sherbrooke 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Center (CIMS), Research centre of the CHUS (CRCHUS) 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, B-3015 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Shai Rahimipour
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Li Q, Wen J, Yan Z, Sun H, Song E, Song Y. Mechanistic Insights of TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Different Surface Charges on Aβ 42 Peptide Early Aggregation: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1997-2007. [PMID: 36706054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Humans may intendedly or unintendedly be exposed to nanomaterials through food, water, and air. Upon exposure, nanomaterials can pierce the bloodstream and translocate to secondary organs, including the brain, which warrants increased concern for the potential health impacts of nanomaterials. Due to their large surface area and interaction energy, nanomaterials can adsorb surrounding proteins. The misfolding and self-aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) have been considered significant factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We thus hypothesize that brain-targeted nanomaterials may modulate Aβ aggregation and cause related neurotoxicity. Here, we showed that TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and their aminated analogue (TiO2-NH2 NPs) adsorb the Aβ42 peptide and accelerate its early oligomerization. Molecular dynamics simulation indicated that the adsorption onto TiO2 NPs and TiO2-NH2 NPs surfaces can stabilize the β-sheet-rich conformations formed by the Aβ42 peptide. The binding sites between TiO2-NH2 NPs and the Aβ42 oligomer surface were mainly concentrated in the hydrophobic core region, and the β-sheet conformation spontaneously formed by Aβ42 oligomers can be better stabilized through a hydrogen bond, electrostatic attraction, and hydrophobic interaction. This study will further help in the understanding of nanomaterial-related neurotoxicities and the regulation of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ziyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Rd, Beibei District, Chongqing 400715, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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Sangalli L, Boggero IA. The impact of sleep components, quality and patterns on glymphatic system functioning in healthy adults: A systematic review. Sleep Med 2023; 101:322-349. [PMID: 36481512 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The glymphatic system is thought to be responsible for waste clearance in the brain. As it is primarily active during sleep, different components of sleep, subjective sleep quality, and sleep patterns may contribute to glymphatic functioning. This systematic review aimed at exploring the effect of sleep components, sleep quality, and sleep patterns on outcomes associated with the glymphatic system in healthy adults. METHODS PubMed®, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published in English until December 2021. Articles subjectively or objectively investigating sleep components (total sleep time, time in bed, sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, wake-up after sleep onset, sleep stage, awakenings), sleep quality, or sleep pattern in healthy individuals, on outcomes associated with glymphatic system (levels of amyloid-β, tau, α-synuclein; cerebrospinal fluid, perivascular spaces; apolipoprotein E) were selected. RESULTS Out of 8359 records screened, 51 studies were included. Overall, contradictory findings were observed according to different sleep assessment method. The most frequently assessed sleep parameters were total sleep time, sleep quality, and sleep efficiency. No association was found between sleep efficiency and amyloid-β, and between slow-wave activity and tau. Most of the studies did not find any correlation between total sleep time and amyloid-β nor tau level. Opposing results correlated sleep quality with amyloid-β and tau. CONCLUSIONS This review highlighted inconsistent results across the studies; as such, the specific association between the glymphatic system and sleep parameters in healthy adults remains poorly understood. Due to the heterogeneity of sleep assessment methods and the self-reported data representing the majority of the observations, future studies with universal study design and sleep methodology in healthy individuals are advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sangalli
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Downers Grove, Illinois, USA.
| | - I A Boggero
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Orofacial Pain, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Xia ZD, Ma RX, Wen JF, Zhai YF, Wang YQ, Wang FY, Liu D, Zhao XL, Sun B, Jia P, Zheng XH. Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Drug Discovery of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:1265-1301. [PMID: 37424469 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease induced by multiple factors. The high incidence and the aging of the global population make it a growing global health concern with huge implications for individuals and society. The clinical manifestations are progressive cognitive dysfunction and lack of behavioral ability, which not only seriously affect the health and quality of life of the elderly, but also bring a heavy burden to the family and society. Unfortunately, almost all the drugs targeting the classical pathogenesis have not achieved satisfactory clinical effects in the past two decades. Therefore, the present review provides more novel ideas on the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, including classical pathogenesis and a variety of possible pathogenesis that have been proposed in recent years. It will be helpful to find out the key target and the effect pathway of potential drugs and mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of AD. In addition, the common animal models in AD research are outlined and we examine their prospect for the future. Finally, Phase I, II, III, and IV randomized clinical trials or on the market of drugs for AD treatment were searched in online databases (Drug Bank Online 5.0, the U.S. National Library of Medicine, and Alzforum). Therefore, this review may also provide useful information in the research and development of new AD-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Di Xia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ruo-Xin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin-Feng Wen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Fei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Pu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China
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Kim JR. Oligomerization by co-assembly of β-amyloid and α-synuclein. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1153839. [PMID: 37021111 PMCID: PMC10067735 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant self-assembly of an intrinsically disordered protein is a pathological hallmark of protein misfolding diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (AD and PD, respectively). In AD, the 40-42 amino acid-long extracellular peptide, β-amyloid (Aβ), self-assembles into oligomers, which eventually aggregate into fibrils. A similar self-association of the 140 amino acid-long intracellular protein, α-synuclein (αS), is responsible for the onset of PD pathology. While Aβ and αS are primarily extracellular and intracellular polypeptides, respectively, there is evidence of their colocalization and pathological overlaps of AD and PD. This evidence has raised the likelihood of synergistic, toxic protein-protein interactions between Aβ and αS. This mini review summarizes the findings of studies on Aβ-αS interactions related to enhanced oligomerization via co-assembly, aiming to provide a better understanding of the complex biology behind AD and PD and common pathological mechanisms among the major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Wen QX, Luo B, Xie XY, Zhou GF, Chen J, Song L, Liu Y, Xie SQ, Chen L, Li KY, Xiang XJ, Chen GJ. AP2S1 regulates APP degradation through late endosome-lysosome fusion in cells and APP/PS1 mice. Traffic 2023; 24:20-33. [PMID: 36412210 PMCID: PMC10107530 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AP2S1 is the sigma 2 subunit of adaptor protein 2 (AP2) that is essential for endocytosis. In this study, we investigated the potential role of AP2S1 in intracellular processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), which contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD) by generating the toxic β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). We found that knockdown or overexpression of AP2S1 decreased or increased the protein levels of APP and Aβ in cells stably expressing human full-length APP695, respectively. This effect was unrelated to endocytosis but involved lysosomal degradation. Morphological studies revealed that silencing of AP2S1 promoted the translocalization of APP from RAB9-positive late endosomes (LE) to LAMP1-positive lysosomes, which was paralleled by the enhanced LE-lysosome fusion. In support, silencing of vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) that is implicated in LE-lyso fusion prevented AP2S1-mediated regulation of APP degradation and translocalization. In APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD, AAV-mediated delivery of AP2S1 shRNA in the hippocampus significantly reduced the protein levels of APP and Aβ, with the concomitant APP translocalization, LE-lyso fusion and the improved cognitive functions. Taken together, these data uncover a LE-lyso fusion mechanism in APP degradation and suggest a novel role for AP2S1 in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-Qi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Major Neurological and Mental Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ng CAS, Biran LP, Galvano E, Mandelblatt J, Vicini S, Rebeck GW. Chemotherapy promotes astrocytic response to Aβ deposition, but not Aβ levels, in a mouse model of amyloid and APOE. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105915. [PMID: 36336241 PMCID: PMC9794416 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer survivors experience cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), which is characterized by problems of attention, working memory, and executive function following chemotherapy and/or hormonal treatment. APOE4, the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is also a risk factor for CRCI, especially among survivors exposed to chemotherapy. We explored whether the effects of APOE genotype to chemotherapy were associated with an increase in AD pathological processes, using a mouse model of amyloid (5XFAD) along with the E3 or E4 alleles of human APOE (E3FAD and E4FAD). Six-month-old female E3FAD mice (control n = 5, treated n = 5) and E4FAD (control n = 6, treated n = 6) were treated with two doses of doxorubicin (total 10 mg/kg) or DMSO vehicle. After six weeks, mice were euthanized and brains were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and biochemical assays. Doxorubicin-treated mice had the same level of Aβ in the brain as control mice, as measured by 6E10 immunohistochemistry, Aβ40 and Aβ42 ELISAs, and plaque morphologies. Doxorubicin significantly increased the level of the astrocytic response to Aβ deposits, which was independent of APOE genotype; no effects of doxorubicin were observed on the microglial responses. These data are consistent with a model in which the effects of doxorubicin on risk of CRCI are unrelated amyloid accumulation, but possibly related to glial responses to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christi Anne S. Ng
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lucas P. Biran
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Elena Galvano
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Mandelblatt
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Georgetown Lombardi Institute for Cancer and Aging Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stefano Vicini
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - G. William Rebeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America,Corresponding author at: 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States of America. (G.W. Rebeck)
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Li Y, Lai W, Zheng C, Babu JR, Xue C, Ai Q, Huggins KW. Neuroprotective Effect of Stearidonic Acid on Amyloid β-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Hippocampal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122357. [PMID: 36552565 PMCID: PMC9774633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids found in fish has been reported to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Stearidonic acid (SDA), a plant-based omega-3 fatty acid, has been targeted as a potential surrogate for fish-based fatty acids. However, its role in neuronal degeneration is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate effects of SDA on Amyloid-β(A-β)-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal cells. Results showed that SDA effectively converted to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in hippocampal cells. Aβ-induced apoptosis in H19-7 cells was protected by SDA pretreatment as evidenced by its regulation on the expression of relevant pro- and anti-apoptotic genes, as well as the inhibition on caspase activation. SDA also protected H19-7 cells from Aβ-induced oxidative stress by regulating the expression of relevant pro- and anti-oxidative genes, as well as the improvement in activity of catalase. As for Aβ/LPS-induced neuronal inflammation, SDA pretreatment reduced the release of IL-1β and TNFα. Further, we found that the anti-Aβ effect of SDA involves its inhibition on the expression of amyloid precursor protein and the regulation on MAPK signaling. These results demonstrated that SDAs have neuroprotective effect in Aβ-induced H19-7 hippocampal cells. This beneficial effect of SDA was attributed to its antiapoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueru Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266005, China
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266005, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18765427301
| | - Wencong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266005, China
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266005, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266005, China
| | - Kevin W. Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Tian X, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu B, Lu Y, Du J, Wang W, Cai W, Xiao Y. Beta-amyloid Deposition in Biliary Atresia Reduces Liver Regeneration by Inhibiting Energy Metabolism and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2022; 13:e00536. [PMID: 36137184 PMCID: PMC10476755 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary atresia (BA) is a devastating obstructive bile duct disease found in newborns. This study aims to investigate the roles and involved mechanisms of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the pathogenesis of BA. METHODS We examined the distribution of Aβ protein and its precursor in the livers of patients with BA. A murine liver organoid and a zebrafish model were established to investigate the exact roles of Aβ in liver regeneration for BA. RESULTS Both Aβ mRNA and protein significantly increased in livers of infants with BA and deposited around the central vein. In the plasma, Aβ elevated significantly in patients with BA and positively correlated with liver injury progression. In vitro , Aβ treatment induced abnormal morphology and caused impaired growth in liver organoids. Energy metabolism analysis demonstrated Aβ increased aerobic glycolysis and reduced ATP synthase in organoids, in which the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling was suppressed. In vivo , Aβ42 exposure caused liver degeneration in zebrafish larvae. DISCUSSION Aβ depositing in livers of infants with BA reduced the liver regeneration through attenuating mitochondrial respiration and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbei Tian
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Song C, Zhang T, Zhang Y. Conformational Essentials Responsible for Neurotoxicity of Aβ42 Aggregates Revealed by Antibodies against Oligomeric Aβ42. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196751. [PMID: 36235284 PMCID: PMC9570743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soluble aggregation of amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) and deposition of Aβ42 aggregates are the initial pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The bipolar nature of Aβ42 molecule results in its ability to assemble into distinct oligomers and higher aggregates, which may drive some of the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in AD. Agents targeting Aβ42 or its aggregates, such as anti-Aβ42 antibodies, can inhibit the aggregation of Aβ42 and toxicity of Aβ42 aggregates to neural cells to a certain extent. However, the epitope specificity of an antibody affects its binding affinity for different Aβ42 species. Different antibodies target different sites on Aβ42 and thus elicit different neuroprotective or cytoprotective effects. In the present review, we summarize significant information reflected by anti-Aβ42 antibodies in different immunotherapies and propose an overview of the structure (conformation)-toxicity relationship of Aβ42 aggregates. This review aimed to provide a reference for the directional design of antibodies against the most pathogenic conformation of Aβ42 aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuli Song
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yingjiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Correspondence:
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Król-Grzymała A, Sienkiewicz-Szłapka E, Fiedorowicz E, Rozmus D, Cieślińska A, Grzybowski A. Tear Biomarkers in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis: Implications for Diagnosis (Systematic Review). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10123. [PMID: 36077520 PMCID: PMC9456033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological material is one of the most important aspects that allow for the correct diagnosis of the disease, and tears are an interesting subject of research because of the simplicity of collection, as the well as the relation to the components similar to other body fluids. In this review, biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in tears are investigated and analyzed. Records were obtained from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases in a timeline of 2015-2022. The keywords were: tear film/tear biochemistry/tear biomarkers + diseases (AD, PD, or MS). The recent original studies were analyzed, discussed, and biomarkers present in tears that can be used for the diagnosis and management of AD, PD, and MS diseases were shown. α-synTotal and α-synOligo, lactoferrin, norepinephrine, adrenaline, epinephrine, dopamine, α-2-macroglobulin, proteins involved in immune response, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, apolipoprotein superfamily, and others were shown to be biomarkers in PD. For AD as potential biomarkers, there are: lipocalin-1, lysozyme-C, and lacritin, amyloid proteins, t-Tau, p-Tau; for MS there are: oligoclonal bands, lipids containing choline, free carnitine, acylcarnitines, and some amino acids. Information systematized in this review provides interesting data and new insight to help improve clinical outcomes for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Król-Grzymała
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Foundation for Ophthalmology Development, 61-553 Poznan, Poland
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Tahirbegi B, Magness AJ, Piersimoni ME, Teng X, Hooper J, Guo Y, Knöpfel T, Willison KR, Klug DR, Ying L. Toward high-throughput oligomer detection and classification for early-stage aggregation of amyloidogenic protein. Front Chem 2022; 10:967882. [PMID: 36110142 PMCID: PMC9468268 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation kinetics of proteins and peptides have been studied extensively due to their significance in many human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, and the roles they play in some key physiological processes. However, most of these studies have been performed as bulk measurements using Thioflavin T or other fluorescence turn-on reagents as indicators of fibrillization. Such techniques are highly successful in making inferences about the nucleation and growth mechanism of fibrils, yet cannot directly measure assembly reactions at low protein concentrations which is the case for amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide under physiological conditions. In particular, the evolution from monomer to low-order oligomer in early stages of aggregation cannot be detected. Single-molecule methods allow direct access to such fundamental information. We developed a high-throughput protocol for single-molecule photobleaching experiments using an automated fluorescence microscope. Stepwise photobleaching analysis of the time profiles of individual foci allowed us to determine stoichiometry of protein oligomers and probe protein aggregation kinetics. Furthermore, we investigated the potential application of supervised machine learning with support vector machines (SVMs) as well as multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural networks to classify bleaching traces into stoichiometric categories based on an ensemble of measurable quantities derivable from individual traces. Both SVM and MLP models achieved a comparable accuracy of more than 80% against simulated traces up to 19-mer, although MLP offered considerable speed advantages, thus making it suitable for application to high-throughput experimental data. We used our high-throughput method to study the aggregation of Aβ40 in the presence of metal ions and the aggregation of α-synuclein in the presence of gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogachan Tahirbegi
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair J. Magness
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xiangyu Teng
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Hooper
- School of Food Science and Nutrition and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Guo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith R. Willison
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Klug
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liming Ying
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Liming Ying,
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Camargo LC, Veras LG, Vaz G, Souza ACBD, Mortari MR. Octovespin, a peptide bioinspired by wasp venom, prevents cognitive deficits induced by amyloid-β in Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Neuropeptides 2022; 93:102233. [PMID: 35305448 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 46.8 million people have been diagnosed worldwide with dementia, of which the most common type is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the current AD treatment is incipient and limited, it is essential to develop new drugs to prevent AD. Considering that evolutionary pressure selected animal venom compounds that are very specific for a unique target, those can be a potential drug against AD. Octovespin was modified from occidentalin-1202, which is a peptide isolated from Polybia occidentalis wasp venom. In this context, this study evaluated the effect of treatment with octovespin against Amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity, which is postulated to be one of the main causes of AD, in both in vitro and in vivo tests. In vitro, octovespin was able to prevent Aβ aggregation in a ThT assay. In vivo, octovespin (0.15 nmol/animal) reverses memory impairment that is due to Aβ toxicity, in the Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition Test. Our results suggested that octovespin is a potential drug for the treatment of AD, due to its ability to avoid Aβ aggregation in vitro and to prevent Aβ -induced memory deficit in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Camargo
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Leticia Germina Veras
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Vaz
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Carlos Barros de Souza
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Márcia Renata Mortari
- Neuropharma Lab, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Hu J, Zhao Y, Li Y. Rationally designed amyloid inhibitors based on amyloid-related structural studies. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Deng Y, Song H, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Chu L, Ding J, Shen X, Qi X. High-Throughput Sequencing to Investigate lncRNA-circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Networks Underlying the Effects of Beta-Amyloid Peptide and Senescence on Astrocytes. Front Genet 2022; 13:868856. [PMID: 35646066 PMCID: PMC9133720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.868856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are widely distributed in the central nervous system and play an essential role in the function of neuronal cells. Associations between astrocytes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been noted, and recent work has implicated circular RNA (circRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in the development of AD. However, few reports have investigated which lncRNA and circRNA are involved in the influence of amyloid beta (Aβ) and senescence on astrocytes. This study therefore examines changes at the transcriptome level to explore the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes. Primary cultured astrocytes were treated with Aβ and cultured for 90 days in vitro, and high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed RNAs. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed that differentially expressed genes were associated with the focal adhesion signaling pathway, extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathway, and the extracellular matrix. The protein–protein interaction network was then constructed, and 103 hub genes were screened out; most of these were strongly associated with the expression of the extracellular matrix, extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathway, and focal adhesion. Two competing endogenous RNA networks were constructed based on the selected hub gene and differential RNAs, and we identified multiple competing endogenous RNA regulatory axes that were involved in the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes. This is the first study to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of Aβ and senescence on primary astrocytes from the perspective of the whole transcriptome. In uncovering the signaling pathways and biological processes involved in the effects of Aβ and senescence on astrocytes, this work provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of AD at the level of competing endogenous RNA network regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Song
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangzao Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiuyang Ding
- School of Forensic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangchun Shen, ; Xiaolan Qi,
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangchun Shen, ; Xiaolan Qi,
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Cheng L, Li W, Chen Y, Lin Y, Wang B, Guo Q, Miao Y. Plasma Aβ as a biomarker for predicting Aβ-PET status in Alzheimer's disease:a systematic review with meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:513-520. [PMID: 35241627 PMCID: PMC9016262 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-327864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amyloid-β positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) scan has been proposed to detect amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. However, this approach is costly and not ideal for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Blood-based Aβ measurement offers a scalable alternative to the costly or invasive biomarkers. The aim of this study was to statistically validate whether plasma Aβ could predict Aβ-PET status via meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched for eligible studies from PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library, which reported plasma Aβ levels of amyloid-β positron emission tomography-positive (PET (+)) and amyloid-β positron emission tomography-negative (PET (-)) subjects. We generated pooled estimates using random effects meta-analyses. For any study that has significant heterogeneity, metaregression and subgroup analysis were further conducted. Publication bias was appraised by funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS 16 studies with 3047 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among all the enrolled studies, 10 studies reported plasma Aβ40 values, while 9 studies reported plasma Aβ42 values and 13 studies reported Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) was 0.76 (95% CI -0.61 to 2.14, p=0.28) in the plasma Aβ40 values group. Plasma Aβ42 values group has a pooled SMD of -0.60 (95% CI -0.80 to -0.41, p<0.0001). In the plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio group, the pooled SMD was -1.44 (95% CI -2.17 to -0.72, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Plasma Aβ40 values might not distinguish between PET (+) and PET (-) people. However, plasma Aβ42 values and plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio could be served as independent biomarkers for predicting Aβ-PET status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijia Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Beiyun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Miao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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45
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Zhang P, Tan C. Cross-Reactive Fluorescent Sensor Array for Discrimination of Amyloid Beta Aggregates. Anal Chem 2022; 94:5469-5473. [PMID: 35362962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that misfolding and misassembly of proteins into various aggregation states contribute to several neurodegenerative diseases. For instance, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is considered a major factor in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Herein, a fluorescent sensor array for detecting Aβ aggregates was fabricated using two probe pairs of conjugated polyelectrolytes and organic dye molecules, PPE1-Thioflavin T (ThT) and PPESO3-Nile Red (NR). Pattern recognition was achieved by linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis algorithms. As a result of distinguishing among monomers and three pure aggregate species, namely oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils, the cross-reactive sensor array was also able to monitor aggregation kinetics in various aggregate forms and distinguish between on- and off- aggregate pathways. Our study provides a convenient approach for simultaneous detection of Aβ aggregates in mixtures, which may also be applied to the analysis of other disease-related proteins that are prone to aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pangmiaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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Al Adem K, Shanti A, Srivastava A, Homouz D, Thomas SA, Khair M, Stefanini C, Chan V, Kim TY, Lee S. Linking Alzheimer’s Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Characterization and Inhibition of Cytotoxic Aβ and IAPP Hetero-Aggregates. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:842582. [PMID: 35372522 PMCID: PMC8968156 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.842582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytotoxic self-aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D), respectively. Increasing evidence, particularly the co-deposition of Aβ and IAPP in both brain and pancreatic tissues, suggests that Aβ and IAPP cross-interaction may be responsible for a pathological link between AD and T2D. Here, we examined the nature of IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation and its inhibition by small molecules. In specific, we characterized the kinetic profiles, morphologies, secondary structures and toxicities of IAPP-Aβ40 hetero-assemblies and compared them to those formed by their homo-assemblies. We demonstrated that monomeric IAPP and Aβ40 form stable hetero-dimers and hetero-assemblies that further aggregate into β-sheet-rich hetero-aggregates that are toxic (cell viability <50%) to both PC-12 cells, a neuronal cell model, and RIN-m5F cells, a pancreatic cell model for β-cells. We then selected polyphenolic candidates to inhibit IAPP or Aβ40 self-aggregation and examined the inhibitory effect of the most potent candidate on IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation. We demonstrated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) form inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with each of IAPP and Aβ40. We also showed that EGCG reduced hetero-aggregate formation and resulted in lower β-sheets content and higher unordered structures in IAPP-Aβ40-EGCG samples. Importantly, we showed that EGCG is highly effective in reducing the toxicity of IAPP-Aβ40 hetero-aggregates on both cell models, specifically at concentrations that are equivalent to or are 2.5-fold higher than the mixed peptide concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the inhibition of IAPP-Aβ40 co-aggregation by small molecules. We conclude that EGCG is a promising candidate to prevent co-aggregation and cytotoxicity of IAPP-Aβ40, which in turn, contribute to the pathological link between AD and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenana Al Adem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aya Shanti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amit Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dirar Homouz
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sneha Ann Thomas
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mostafa Khair
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vincent Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tae-Yeon Kim
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environmental Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sungmun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa University’s Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- *Correspondence: Sungmun Lee,
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Eshraghi M, Ahmadi M, Afshar S, Lorzadeh S, Adlimoghaddam A, Rezvani Jalal N, West R, Dastghaib S, Igder S, Torshizi SRN, Mahmoodzadeh A, Mokarram P, Madrakian T, Albensi BC, Łos MJ, Ghavami S, Pecic S. Enhancing autophagy in Alzheimer's disease through drug repositioning. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108171. [PMID: 35304223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the biggest human health threats due to increases in aging of the global population. Unfortunately, drugs for treating AD have been largely ineffective. Interestingly, downregulation of macroautophagy (autophagy) plays an essential role in AD pathogenesis. Therefore, targeting autophagy has drawn considerable attention as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of AD. However, developing new therapeutics is time-consuming and requires huge investments. One of the strategies currently under consideration for many diseases is "drug repositioning" or "drug repurposing". In this comprehensive review, we have provided an overview of the impact of autophagy on AD pathophysiology, reviewed the therapeutics that upregulate autophagy and are currently used in the treatment of other diseases, including cancers, and evaluated their repurposing as a possible treatment option for AD. In addition, we discussed the potential of applying nano-drug delivery to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, to overcome the challenge of crossing the blood brain barrier and specifically target molecules/pathways of interest with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Eshraghi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aida Adlimoghaddam
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada
| | | | - Ryan West
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mahmoodzadeh
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tayyebeh Madrakian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Winnipeg, MB R2H2A6, Canada; Nova Southeastern Univ. College of Pharmacy, Davie, FL, United States of America; University of Manitoba, College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institutes of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Biology of Breathing Theme, Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, United States of America.
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Schirinzi T, Zenuni H, Grillo P, Bovenzi R, Guerrera G, Gargano F, Pieri M, Bernardini S, Biagio Mercuri N, Battistini L, Sancesario GM. Tau and Amyloid-β Peptides in Serum of Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Correlations With CSF Levels and Clinical Parameters. Front Neurol 2022; 13:748599. [PMID: 35280296 PMCID: PMC8914101 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.748599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relevance of blood-based biomarkers is increasing into the neurodegenerative diseases field, but data on Parkinson's disease (PD) remain still scarce. In this study, we used the SiMoA technique to measure serum content of total tau protein and amyloid-β peptides (Aβ-42, Aβ-40) in 22 PD patients and ten control subjects. Serum levels of each biomarker were correlated with the respective CSF levels in both the groups; in PD patients, also the correlations between serum biomarkers and main clinical parameters were tested (motor, non-motor, cognitive scores and levodopa equivalent daily dose). Serum biomarkers did not exhibit quantitative differences between patients and controls; however, only PD patients had inter-fluids (serum-CSF) associations in tau and amyloid-β-42 levels. Moreover, serum content of tau protein was inversely correlated with cognitive performances (MoCA score). These findings, albeit preliminary, indicate that brain-derived peptides may change in parallel in both peripheral blood and CSF of PD patients, eventually even in association with some clinical features. Further studies are now needed to validate the use of blood-based biomarkers in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Tommaso Schirinzi
| | - Henri Zenuni
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Grillo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bovenzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gargano
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Kour A, Dube T, Kumar A, Panda JJ. Anti-Amyloidogenic and Fibril-Disaggregating Potency of the Levodopa-Functionalized Gold Nanoroses as Exemplified in a Diphenylalanine-Based Amyloid Model. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:397-410. [PMID: 35120290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of proteins/peptide assembly into amyloid fibrils is associated with various neurodegenerative and age-related human disorders. Inhibition of the aggregation behavior of amyloidogenic peptides/proteins or disruption of the pre-formed aggregates is a viable therapeutic option to control the progression of various protein aggregation-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current work, we investigated both the amyloid inhibition and disaggregation proclivity of levodopa-functionalized gold nanoroses (GNRs) against various peptide-based amyloid models, including the amyloid beta peptide [Aβ (1-42) and Aβ (1-40)] and the dipeptide phenylalanine-phenylalanine (FF). Our results depicted the anti-aggregation behavior of the GNR toward FF and both forms of Aβ-derived fibrils. The peptides demonstrated a variation in their fiber-like morphology and a decline in thioflavin T fluorescence after being co-incubated with the GNR. We further demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of the GNR in neuroblastoma cells against FF and Aβ (1-42) fiber-induced toxicity, exemplified both in terms of regaining cellular viability and reducing production of reactive oxygen species. Overall, these findings support the potency of the GNR as a promising platform for combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avneet Kour
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.,University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Taru Dube
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jiban Jyoti Panda
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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50
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Lee J, Kwon S, Jin C, Cho SY, Park SU, Jung WS, Moon SK, Park JM, Ko CN, Cho KH. Traditional East Asian Herbal Medicine Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:174. [PMID: 35215287 PMCID: PMC8874541 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, and its treatment is a challenging clinical problem. This review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal medicine for AD treatment. The PubMed, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CNKI, OASIS, KTKP, and CiNii databases were searched until June 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on herbal medicine for AD, and a meta-analysis of 57 RCTs was conducted. For cognitive function, herbal medicine significantly improved the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog) scores compared with conventional medicine. The MMSE scores showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and donepezil; however, herbal medicine significantly lowered the ADAS-cog score. Acori Graminei Rhizoma-containing and Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine showed a positive, but not statistically significant, tendency toward improving the MMSE score compared with conventional medicine. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE, ADAS-cog, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores compared with conventional medicine, and herbal medicine with donepezil also significantly improved these scores compared with donepezil. Acori Graminei Rhizoma or Cnidii Rhizoma-containing herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE and ADAS-cog scores compared with conventional medicine. Ginseng Radix-containing herbal medicine + conventional medicine significantly improved the MMSE score, but not the ADAS-cog score, compared with conventional medicine. For behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, the Neuropsychiatry Inventory (NPI) score was not significantly different between herbal and conventional medicines. Herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly improved the NPI and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale scores compared with conventional medicine. The NPI score showed no significant difference between the groups treated with herbal medicine and placebo. Furthermore, herbal medicine with conventional medicine significantly lowered plasma amyloid beta levels compared with conventional medicine alone. Herbal medicine, whether used alone or as an adjuvant, may have beneficial effects on AD treatment. However, owing to the methodological limitations and high heterogeneity of the included studies, concrete conclusions cannot be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiEun Lee
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seungwon Kwon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chul Jin
- Department of Korean Medicine Cardiology and Neurology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (J.L.); (C.J.)
| | - Seung-Yeon Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Seong-Uk Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Woo-Sang Jung
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Sang-Kwan Moon
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Jung-Mi Park
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Chang-Nam Ko
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
| | - Ki-Ho Cho
- Department of Cardiology and Neurology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.-Y.C.); (S.-U.P.); (W.-S.J.); (S.-K.M.); (J.-M.P.); (C.-N.K.); (K.-H.C.)
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