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Chen Y, Chen Z, Zhu Y, Wen Y, Zhao C, Mu W. Recent Progress in Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Its Antiviral Efficacy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7607-7617. [PMID: 38563422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI)-associated viruses, including rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NV), and enterovirus, usually invade host cells, transmit, and mutate their genetic information, resulting in influenza-like symptoms, acute gastroenteritis, encephalitis, or even death. The unique structures of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) enable them to shape the gut microbial diversity and endogenous immune system of human infants. Growing evidence suggests that HMOs can enhance host resistance to GI-associated viruses but without a systematic summary to review the mechanism. The present review examines the lactose- and neutral-core HMOs and their antiviral effects in the host. The potential negative impacts of enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and other GI viruses on children are extensive and include neurological sequelae, neurodevelopmental retardation, and cognitive decline. However, the differences in the binding affinity of HMOs for GI viruses are vast. Hence, elucidating the mechanisms and positive effects of HMOs against different viruses may facilitate the development of novel HMO derived oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Vigo, 32004 Ourense Spain
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Qiao M, Li M, Li Y, Wang Z, Hu Z, Qing J, Huang J, Jiang J, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Gao C, Yang C, Li X, Zhou B. Recent Molecular Characterization of Porcine Rotaviruses Detected in China and Their Phylogenetic Relationships with Human Rotaviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:453. [PMID: 38543818 PMCID: PMC10975774 DOI: 10.3390/v16030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA) is an enteric pathogen capable of causing severe diarrhea in suckling piglets. Investigating the prevalence and molecular characteristics of PoRVA in the world, including China, is of significance for disease prevention. In 2022, a total of 25,768 samples were collected from 230 farms across China, undergoing porcine RVA positivity testing. The results showed that 86.52% of the pig farms tested positive for porcine RVA, with an overall positive rate of 51.15%. Through the genetic evolution analysis of VP7, VP4 and VP6 genes, it was revealed that G9 is the predominant genotype within the VP7 segment, constituting 56.55%. VP4 genotypes were identified as P[13] (42.22%), P[23] (25.56%) and P[7] (22.22%). VP6 exhibited only two genotypes, namely I5 (88.81%) and I1 (11.19%). The prevailing genotype combination for RVA was determined as G9P[23]I5. Additionally, some RVA strains demonstrated significant homology between VP7, VP4 and VP6 genes and human RV strains, indicating the potential for human RV infection in pigs. Based on complete genome sequencing analysis, a special PoRVA strain, CHN/SD/LYXH2/2022/G4P[6]I1, had high homology with human RV strains, revealing genetic reassortment between human and porcine RV strains in vivo. Our data indicate the high prevalence, major genotypes, and cross-species transmission of porcine RVA in China. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of porcine RVA prevalence is essential, providing valuable insights for virus prevention and control, and supporting the development of candidate vaccines against porcine RVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Qiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Meizhen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
| | - Yang Li
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zewei Wang
- Beef Cattle Industry Development Center, Fangshan 033100, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang 615012, China;
| | - Jie Qing
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jiapei Huang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Junping Jiang
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yaqin Jiang
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunliu Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chen Yang
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiaowen Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Pig and Poultry Health Breeding and Important Disease Purification, Shandong New Hope Liuhe Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.L.); (J.Q.); (J.H.); (J.Z.); (C.G.); (C.Y.)
- China Agriculture Research System-Yangling Comprehensive Test Station, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014, China; (M.Q.); (M.L.)
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Lu C, Li Y, Chen R, Hu X, Leng Q, Song X, Lin X, Ye J, Wang J, Li J, Yao L, Tang X, Kuang X, Zhang G, Sun M, Zhou Y, Li H. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Mechanism of a Rotavirus mRNA-LNP Vaccine in Mice. Viruses 2024; 16:211. [PMID: 38399987 PMCID: PMC10892174 DOI: 10.3390/v16020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are a major cause of diarrhea in young children worldwide. The currently available and licensed vaccines contain live attenuated RVs. Optimization of live attenuated RV vaccines or developing non-replicating RV (e.g., mRNA) vaccines is crucial for reducing the morbidity and mortality from RV infections. Herein, a nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) and encoding the VP7 protein from the G1 type of RV was developed. The 5' untranslated region of an isolated human RV was utilized for the mRNA vaccine. After undergoing quality inspection, the VP7-mRNA vaccine was injected by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes into mice. Mice received three injections in 21 d intervals. IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, cellular immunity, and gene expression from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated. Significant differences in levels of IgG antibodies were not observed in groups with adjuvant but were observed in groups without adjuvant. The vaccine without adjuvant induced the highest antibody titers after intramuscular injection. The vaccine elicited a potent antiviral immune response characterized by antiviral clusters of differentiation CD8+ T cells. VP7-mRNA induced interferon-γ secretion to mediate cellular immune responses. Chemokine-mediated signaling pathways and immune response were activated by VP7-mRNA vaccine injection. The mRNA LNP vaccine will require testing for protective efficacy, and it is an option for preventing rotavirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Zhou
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-13888340684 (Y.Z.); +86-13888918945 (H.L.)
| | - Hongjun Li
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.L.); Tel.: +86-13888340684 (Y.Z.); +86-13888918945 (H.L.)
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Sadiq A, Khan J. Rotavirus in developing countries: molecular diversity, epidemiological insights, and strategies for effective vaccination. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1297269. [PMID: 38249482 PMCID: PMC10797100 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1297269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) causes the loss of numerous children's lives worldwide each year, and this burden is particularly heavy in low- and lower-middle-income countries where access to healthcare is limited. RV epidemiology exhibits a diverse range of genotypes, which can vary in prevalence and impact across different regions. The human genotypes that are most commonly recognized are G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G8P[8], G9P[8], and G12P[8]. The diversity of rotavirus genotypes presents a challenge in understanding its global distribution and developing effective vaccines. Oral, live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines have undergone evaluation in various contexts, encompassing both low-income and high-income populations, demonstrating their safety and effectiveness. Rotavirus vaccines have been introduced and implemented in over 120 countries, offering an opportunity to assess their effectiveness in diverse settings. However, these vaccines were less effective in areas with more rotavirus-related deaths and lower economic status compared to wealthier regions with fewer rotavirus-related deaths. Despite their lower efficacy, rotavirus vaccines significantly decrease the occurrence of diarrheal diseases and related mortality. They also prove to be cost-effective in regions with a high burden of such diseases. Regularly evaluating the impact, influence, and cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines, especially the newly approved ones for worldwide use, is essential for deciding if these vaccines should be introduced in countries. This is especially important in places with limited resources to determine if a switch to a different vaccine is necessary. Future research in rotavirus epidemiology should focus on a comprehensive understanding of genotype diversity and its implications for vaccine effectiveness. It is crucial to monitor shifts in genotype prevalence and their association with disease severity, especially in high-risk populations. Policymakers should invest in robust surveillance systems to monitor rotavirus genotypes. This data can guide vaccine development and public health interventions. International collaboration and data sharing are vital to understand genotype diversity on a global scale and facilitate the development of more effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Microbiology, University of Jhang, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Jadoon Khan
- Department of Allied and Health Sciences, IQRA University, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Zhong H, Jia R, Xu M, Liu P, Su L, Cao L, Zhu X, Lu L, Xu J. Emergence and high prevalence of unusual rotavirus G8P[8] strains in outpatients with acute gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29368. [PMID: 38180381 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is considered an important cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in all age groups, especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of RVA in outpatients aged ≤ 16 years at the Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. In this study, 16.6% (246/1482) were infected with RVA. The detection rate of RVA was significantly higher in the year of 2021 (20.3%, 147/725) compared to the year of 2020 (14.5%, 77/531) and 2022 (9.7%, 22/226) (p = 0.000). RVA infection was prevalent in all seasons from 2020 to 2022, with a different monthly distribution observed in different years. Among 246 RVA-positive samples, 14 different RVA genotypes were detected with different frequencies. Overall, G9P[8] (45.5%, 112/246) was the most common RVA genotype, followed by G8P[8] (37.4%, 92/246) and G3P[8] (4.1%, 10/246). The prevalence of G/P combinations varied from 2020 to 2022. G9P[8] was the most prevalent circulating genotype in 2020 (68.2%, 15/22) and 2021 (57.8%, 85/147). However, G8P[8] (68.8%, 53/77) suddenly became the most prevalent genotype in 2022 after being first identified in 2020 and prevalent in 2021. The G8 strains detected in the study were all clustered to DS-1-like G8 strains with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. Our study demonstrated the diversity of circulating RVA genotypes in Shanghai. The sudden emergence and high prevalence of unusual G8P[8] strains deserve more concern and indicate the need for continuous surveillance of RVA in children with AGE in the future to refine future vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunhua Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University & National Children Medical Center, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sharif N, Sharif N, Khan A, Azpíroz ID, Diaz RM, Díez IDLT, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus in Bangladesh during pre-vaccination period, 1973-2023: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289032. [PMID: 38077390 PMCID: PMC10704141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus infection is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years in Bangladesh. There is lack of integrated studies on rotavirus prevalence and genetic diversity during 1973 to 2023 in Bangladesh. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and seasonal distribution of rotavirus during pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study included published articles on rotavirus A, rotavirus B and rotavirus C. We used Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar for published articles. Selected literatures were published between 1973 to 2023. Results This study detected 12431 research articles published on rotavirus. Based on the inclusion criteria, 29 of 75 (30.2%) studies were selected. Molecular epidemiological data was taken from 29 articles, prevalence data from 29 articles, and clinical symptoms from 19 articles. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus was 30.1% (95% CI: 22%-45%, p = 0.005). Rotavirus G1 (27.1%, 2228 of 8219) was the most prevalent followed by G2 (21.09%, 1733 of 8219), G4 (11.58%, 952 of 8219), G9 (9.37%, 770 of 8219), G12 (8.48%, 697 of 8219), and G3 (2.79%, 229 of 8219), respectively. Genotype P[8] (40.6%, 2548 of 6274) was the most prevalent followed by P[4] (12.4%, 777 of 6274) and P[6] (6.4%, 400 of 6274), respectively. Rotavirus G1P[8] (19%) was the most frequent followed by G2P [4] (9.4%), G12P[8] (7.2%), and G9P[8], respectively. Rotavirus infection had higher odds of occurrence during December and February (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.43-3.6, p = 0.001). Discussion This is the first meta-analysis including all the studies on prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic diversity of rotavirus from 1973 to 2023, pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study will provide overall scenario of rotavirus genetic diversity and seasonality during pre-vaccination period and aids in policy making for rotavirus vaccination program in Bangladesh. This work will add valuable knowledge for vaccination against rotavirus and compare the data after starting vaccination in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Sharif
- Department of Mathematics, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irma Domínguez Azpíroz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, United States
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bié, Angola
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Phan T, Hikita T, Okitsu S, Akari Y, Komoto S, Hayakawa S, Ushijima H. Whole genome sequencing and genomic characterization of a DS-1-like G2P[4] group A rotavirus in Japan. Virus Genes 2023; 59:688-692. [PMID: 37405556 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
After rotavirus was discovered in 1973, it became the leading pathogen in causing acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing and genomic characterization of a DS-1-like G2P[4] group A rotavirus in feces of a Japanese child with acute gastroenteritis who was fully Rotarix® vaccinated. The genomic investigation determined a genomic constellation G2-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 of this rotavirus strain. Its antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP4 proteins had significant mismatches compared with the vaccine strains. Our study is the latest attempt to investigate the evolution of the VP7 and VP4 genes of emerging G2P[4] rotavirus in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Akari
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of One Health, Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayakawa
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Zhang R, Feng C, Luo D, Zhao R, Kannan PR, Yin Y, Iqbal MZ, Hu Y, Kong X. Metformin Hydrochloride Significantly Inhibits Rotavirus Infection in Caco2 Cell Line, Intestinal Organoids, and Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1279. [PMID: 37765086 PMCID: PMC10536476 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus is one of the main pathogens that causes severe diarrhea in children under the age of 5, primarily infecting the enterocytes of the small intestine. Currently, there are no specific drugs available for oral rehydration and antiviral therapy targeting rotavirus. However, metformin hydrochloride, a drug known for its antiviral properties, shows promise as it accumulates in the small intestine and modulates the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we formulated a hypothesis that metformin hydrochloride could inhibit rotavirus replication in the intestine. To validate the anti-rotavirus effect of metformin hydrochloride, we conducted infection experiments using different models, ranging from in vitro cells and organoids to small intestines in vivo. The findings indicate that a concentration of 0.5 mM metformin hydrochloride significantly inhibits the expression of rotavirus mRNA and protein in Caco-2 cells, small intestinal organoids, and suckling mice models. Rotavirus infections lead to noticeable pathological changes, but treatment with metformin has been observed to mitigate the lesions caused by rotavirus infection in the treated group. Our study establishes that metformin hydrochloride can inhibit rotavirus replication, while also affirming the reliability of organoids as a virus model for in vitro research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Cui Feng
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dandan Luo
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Perumal Ramesh Kannan
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yuebang Yin
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Iqbal
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yeting Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute for Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (R.Z.); (C.F.); (D.L.); (R.Z.); (P.R.K.); (Y.Y.); (M.Z.I.)
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Malik YS, Ansari MI, Karikalan M, Sircar S, Selvaraj I, Ghosh S, Singh K. Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus C from Rescued Sloth Bears, India: Evidence of Zooanthroponotic Transmission. Pathogens 2023; 12:934. [PMID: 37513781 PMCID: PMC10384673 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the detection and molecular characterisation of rotavirus C (RVC) in sloth bears (Melursus ursinus) rescued from urban areas in India. Based on an RVC VP6 gene-targeted diagnostic RT-PCR assay, 48.3% (42/87) of sloth bears tested positive for RVC infection. The VP6, VP7, and NSP4 genes of three sloth bear RVC isolates (UP-SB19, 21, and 37) were further analysed. The VP6 genes of RVC UP-SB21 and 37 isolates were only 37% identical. The sequence identity, TM-score from structure alignment, and selection pressure (dN/dS) of VP6 UP-SB37 with pig and human RVCs isolates were (99.67%, 0.97, and 1.718) and (99.01%, 0.93, and 0.0340), respectively. However, VP6 UP-SB21 has an identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of (84.38%, 1.0, and 0.0648) and (99.63%, 1.0, and 3.7696) with human and pig RVC isolates, respectively. The VP7 genes from UP-SB19 and 37 RVC isolates were 79.98% identical and shared identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of 88.4%, 0.76, and 5.3210, along with 77.98%, 0.77, and 4.7483 with pig and human RVC isolates, respectively. The NSP4 gene of UP-SB37 RVC isolates has an identity, TM-score, and dN/dS of 98.95%, 0.76, and 0.2907, along with 83.12%, 0.34, and 0.2133 with pig and human RVC isolates, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the sloth bear RVC isolates assigned the isolate UP-SB37 to genotype G12, I2 for RVC structural genes VP7 and VP6, and E1 for NSP4 genes, respectively, while isolates UP-SB19 and UP-SB21 were classified as genotype G13 and GI7 based on the structural gene VP7, respectively. The study suggests that the RVCs circulating in the Indian sloth bear population are highly divergent and might have originated from pigs or humans, and further investigation focusing on the whole genome sequencing of the sloth bear RVC isolate may shed light on the virus origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Mohd Ikram Ansari
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Mathesh Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
| | - Shubhankar Sircar
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly 243122, India
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | | | - Souvik Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre P.O. Box 334, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kalpana Singh
- College of Animal Biotechnology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
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10
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Biswas S, Devi YD, Sarma D, Hatiboruah D, Chamuah N, Namsa ND, Nath P. Detection and analysis of rotavirus in clinical stool samples using silver nanoparticle functionalized paper as SERS substrate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 295:122610. [PMID: 36921516 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Among the different analytical techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) approach is a widely used technique for the detection and analysis of various chemicals and biological samples. Present study reports a low-cost, sensitive SERS substrate that has an ability to detect rotavirus in clinical stool samples. The proposed SERS substrate has been fabricated through drop-casting of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on a printing-grade paper. Rotavirus particles were extracted from clinical stool samples. The presence of rotavirus antigen in stool samples was confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and sequencing. The characteristic Raman peaks of rotavirus (RV) particles in solution were found to be significantly enhanced when Raman signals were recorded from the paper-based SERS substrates. Using the proposed SERS substrate, rotavirus samples with concentration as low as 1% could be reliably recorded by the Raman spectrometer. The paper SERS substrate reported herein is an extremely cost-efficient platform and may find applications in other research and clinical laboratories as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritam Biswas
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Napaaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Yengkhom Damayanti Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Dipjyoti Sarma
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Napaaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Hatiboruah
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Napaaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Nabadweep Chamuah
- Department of Electronics, Digboi College, Digboi-786171, Assam, India
| | - Nima D Namsa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam-784028, Assam, India
| | - Pabitra Nath
- Applied Photonics and Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Napaaam-784028, Assam, India.
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11
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Jampanil N, Kumthip K, Maneekarn N, Khamrin P. Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses Circulating in Pediatric Patients and Domestic Animals in Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:347. [PMID: 37505643 PMCID: PMC10383398 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and a wide variety of animals. In this review, we summarized the information on rotavirus described in the studies in the last decade (2008 to 2021) in Thailand, including the prevalence, seasonality, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmission. The overall prevalence of rotavirus infection in humans ranged from 15-33%. Rotavirus infection was detected throughout the year and most frequently in the dry and cold months, typically in March. The diversity of rotavirus genotypes varied year to year and from region to region. From 2008 to 2016, rotavirus G1P[8] was detected as the most predominant genotype in Thailand. After 2016, G1P[8] decreased significantly and other genotypes including G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[8] were increasingly detected from 2016 to 2020. Several uncommon rotavirus strains such as G1P[6], G4P[6], and G3P[10] have also been occasionally detected. In addition, most studies on rotavirus A infection in animals in Thailand from 2011 to 2021 reported the detection of rotavirus A in piglets and canine species. It was reported that rotavirus could cross the host species barrier between humans and animals through interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment mechanisms. The surveillance of rotavirus infection is crucial to identify the trend of rotavirus infection and the emergence of novel rotavirus genotypes in this country. The data provide information on rotavirus infection and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the pre-vaccination period, and the data will be useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutthawadee Jampanil
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kattareeya Kumthip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Niwat Maneekarn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pattara Khamrin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Emerging and Re-Emerging Diarrheal Viruses Cluster, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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12
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Peng R, Li D, Wang J, Xiong G, Wang M, Liu D, Wei Y, Pang L, Sun X, Li H, Kong X, Shahar S, Duan Z. Reassortment and genomic analysis of a G9P[8]-E2 rotavirus isolated in China. Virol J 2023; 20:135. [PMID: 37349792 PMCID: PMC10286334 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02064-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate a prevalent G9P[8] group A rotavirus (RVA) (N4006) in China and investigate its genomic and evolutionary characteristics, with the goal of facilitating the development of a new rotavirus vaccine. METHODS The RVA G9P[8] genotype from a diarrhea sample was passaged in MA104 cells. The virus was evaluated by TEM, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The complete genome of virus was obtained by RT-PCR and sequencing. The genomic and evolutionary characteristics of the virus were evaluated by nucleic acid sequence analysis with MEGA ver. 5.0.5 and DNASTAR software. The neutralizing epitopes of VP7 and VP4 (VP5* and VP8*) were analyzed using BioEdit ver. 7.0.9.0 and PyMOL ver. 2.5.2. RESULTS The RVA N4006 (G9P[8] genotype) was adapted in MA104 cells with a high titer (105.5 PFU/mL). Whole-genome sequence analysis showed N4006 to be a reassortant rotavirus of Wa-like G9P[8] RVA and the NSP4 gene of DS-1-like G2P[4] RVA, with the genotype constellation G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that N4006 had a common ancestor with Japanese G9P[8]-E2 rotavirus. Neutralizing epitope analysis showed that VP7, VP5*, and VP8* of N4006 had low homology with vaccine viruses of the same genotype and marked differences with vaccine viruses of other genotypes. CONCLUSION The RVA G9P[8] genotype with the G9-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E2-H1 (G9P[8]-E2) constellation predominates in China and may originate from reassortment between Japanese G9P[8] with Japanese DS-1-like G2P[4] rotaviruses. The antigenic variation of N4006 with the vaccine virus necessitates an evaluation of the effect of the rotavirus vaccine on G9P[8]-E2 genotype rotavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Malaysia
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
- College of Life Science, Hengshui University, Hengshui, 053000 China
| | - Dandi Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053 China
| | - Guangping Xiong
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Dan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yuhang Wei
- College of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Lili Pang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Huiying Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Xiangyu Kong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Saleha Shahar
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, 81310 Malaysia
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Viruses and Viral Diseases, Institute of Viral Disease Prevention and Control, National Health Commission, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 102206 China
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13
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Niu LQ, Xiao L, Cai QH, Wu YY, Hu SY, Guo SX, Tian YL, Wang QR. Comparative effectiveness of Chinese herbal injections treating for rotavirus enteritis in children: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Integr Med Res 2023; 12:100944. [PMID: 37122486 PMCID: PMC10134445 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus enteritis (RVE) accounts for 37% of all death in children (<5 years) with diarrhea. Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) have drawn more attention from practitioners because of the valid effects for RVE. However, the most beneficial one has not yet been determined. Methods Eight databases were searched from their inception up to September 3rd, 2022. The primary outcome was clinical effective rate and the secondary outcomes were time for disappearance of diarrhea, time of defervescence, time for disappearance of vomiting, and adverse drug reactions or adverse drug events. OpenBUGS 3.2.3 and STATA 14.0 software were employed to carry out the NMA. Results 58 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 6436 child patients were included in this Bayesian NMA. Four CHIs were investigated including Yanhuning injection (YHN), Xiyanping injection (XYP), Reduning injection (RDN), and Zedoary Turmeric Oil injection (ZTO). The results showed that YHN [OR=6.16, 95% CI (4.39, 8.77)] had a superior effect in improving clinical effective rate compared to Ribavirin based on Western medicine (WM). According to SUCRA values, YHN (84.1%) ranked highest. As for the secondary outcomes, XYP was the better intervention in shortening the time for disappearance of diarrhea. Regarding time for defervescence, RDN had obvious advantages and also performed well in time for disappearance of vomiting. Conclusion CHIs combined with WM could be beneficial than Ribavirin in improving clinical effective rate, and YHN was the optimum treatment. From the comprehensive evaluations of both the clinical effective rate and other outcomes, YHN also indicated a favorable therapeutic effect in RVE. Study registration PROSPERO, CRD42022357149.
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14
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Huang H, Liao D, He B, Pu R, Cui Y, Zhou G. Deoxyshikonin inhibited rotavirus replication by regulating autophagy and oxidative stress through SIRT1/FoxO1/Rab7 axis. Microb Pathog 2023; 178:106065. [PMID: 36907361 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a double-stranded RNA virus. RV prevention and treatment remain a major public health problem due to the lack of clinically specific drugs. Deoxyshikonin is a natural compound isolated from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and one of the shikonin derivatives which owns remarkable therapeutic effects on multiple diseases. The purpose of this research was to inquire Deoxyshikonin's role and mechanism in RV infection. METHODS Deoxyshikonin's function in RV was estimated using Cell Counting Kit-8 analysis, cytopathic effect inhibition assay, virus titer determination, quantitative real-time PCR, enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and glutathione levels detection. Also, Deoxyshikonin's mechanism in RV was appraised with Western blot, virus titer determination, and glutathione levels detection. Moreover, Deoxyshikonin's function in RV in vivo was determined using animal models, and diarrhea score analysis. RESULTS Deoxyshikonin owned anti-RV activity and repressed RV replication in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, Deoxyshikonin reduced autophagy and oxidative stress caused by RV. Mechanistically, Deoxyshikonin induced low protein levels of SIRT1, ac-Foxo1, Rab7, VP6, low levels of RV titers, low autophagy and oxidative stress. SIRT1 overexpression abolished the effects of Deoxyshikonin on RV-treated Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, in vivo research affirmed that Deoxyshikonin also possessed anti-RV function, and this was reflected in increased survival rate, body weight, GSH levels, and decreased diarrhea score, RV virus antigen, LC-3II/LC3-I. CONCLUSION Deoxyshikonin reduced RV replication through mediating autophagy and oxidative stress via SIRT1/FoxO1/Rab7 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohai Huang
- Medical and Pharmacy Research Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dan Liao
- Medical and Pharmacy Research Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China; Department of Gynaecology, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin He
- Medical and Pharmacy Research Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Pu
- Department of Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yejia Cui
- Department of Laboratory, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanghui Zhou
- Department of TCM Rehabilitation, SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhong X, Xi Z, Li Y, Xu H. Antiviral Potential of the Genus Panax: An updated review on their effects and underlying mechanism of action. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:183-192. [PMID: 36926608 PMCID: PMC10014226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are known as one of the major factors causing death. Ginseng is a medicinal plant that demonstrated a wide range of antiviral potential, and saponins are the major bioactive ingredients in the genus Panax with vast therapeutic potential. Studies focusing on the antiviral activity of the genus Panax plant-derived agents (extracts and saponins) and their mechanisms were identified and summarized, including contributions mainly from January 2016 until January 2022. P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius were included in the review as valuable medicinal herbs against infections with 14 types of viruses. Reports from 9 extracts and 12 bioactive saponins were included, with 6 types of protopanaxadiol (PPD) ginsenosides and 6 types of protopanaxatriol (PPT) ginsenosides. The mechanisms mainly involved the inhibition of viral attachment and replication, the modulation of immune response by regulating signaling pathways, including the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S) pathway, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 (PDK1)/ protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. This review includes detailed information about the mentioned antiviral effects of the genus Panax extracts and saponins in vitro and in vivo, and in human clinical trials, which provides a scientific basis for ginseng as an adjunctive therapeutic drug or nutraceutical.
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Key Words
- ARI, acute respiratory illness
- BG, black ginseng
- BVDV, bovine viral diarrhea virus
- CHB, chronic hepatitis B
- CSFV, classical swine fever virus
- CVBs, group B coxsackieviruses
- DAA, direct-acting antiviral therapies
- EBV, the Epstein-Barr virus
- EV, enterovirus
- EV71, human enterovirus 71
- GCRV, grass carp reovirus
- GSLS, Ginseng stem-leaf saponins
- HAART, highly active antiretroviral drug therapy
- HBV, hepatitis B virus
- HCV, Hepatitis C virus
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- HP, highly pathogenic
- HSV, herpes simplex virus
- HVJ, hemagglutinating virus of Japan
- IFN-1, type-I interferon
- JAK, janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- KRG, Korean Red Ginseng
- KSHV, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
- MHV-68, murine gammaherpesvirus 68
- NDV, Newcastle disease virus
- NK, natural killer
- PNAB, PEGylated nanoparticle albumin-bound
- PNR, P. notoginseng root water extract
- PPD, protopanaxadiol
- PPT, protopanaxatriol
- PRRSV, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus
- Panax ginseng
- RSV, respiratory syncytial virus
- RV, rotavirus
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- antiviral activity
- ginseng
- ginsenosides
- mechanism of action
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuanlei Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhichao Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Bao S, Wang H, Li W, Wu H, Lu C, Yong L, Zhang Q, Lu X, Zhao M, Lu J, Liu J, Ikechukwu CK, Xu J, Ni P, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Zhou C. Viral metagenomics of the gut virome of diarrheal children with Rotavirus A infection. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2234653. [PMID: 37448101 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2234653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide and represents a major dysbiosis event. Rotavirus has been recognized as a global leading pathogen of diarrhea. This study is aimed at investigating differences in the gut virome between diarrheal children and healthy controls. In 2018, 76 diarrheal fecal samples and 27 healthy fecal samples in Shanghai and 40 diarrheal fecal samples and 19 healthy fecal samples in Taizhou were collected to investigate the composition of the gut virome. Viral metagenomic analyses revealed that the alpha diversity of the diarrheal virome was not significantly different from that of the healthy virome, and the beta diversity had a significant difference between diarrheal and healthy children. The diarrheal virome was mainly dominated by the families Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, and Picornaviridae. Meanwhile, the healthy virome also contains phages, including Microviridae and Caudovirales. The high prevalence of diverse enteric viruses in all samples and the little abundance of Microviridae and Caudovirales in diarrheal groups were identified. The study introduced a general overview of the gut virome in diarrheal children, revealed the compositional differences in the gut viral community compared to healthy controls, and provided a reference for efficient treatments and prevention of virus-infectious diarrhea in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Bao
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Wang Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haisheng Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Chunying Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liang Yong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Qinghai Institute of Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Xining, China
| | | | - Juan Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ping Ni
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
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Koukou DM, Michos A, Chatzichristou P, Trimis G, Tatsi EB, Dellis C, Zachariadou L, Liakopoulou T, Chrousos GP, Syriopoulou V. Rotavirus epidemiology and genotype distribution in hospitalised children, Greece, 2008 to 2020: A prospective multicentre study. Euro Surveill 2022; 27:2101133. [PMID: 36695456 PMCID: PMC9693793 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.47.2101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTwo rotavirus (RV) vaccines were licensed in Greece in late 2006 and included in the national immunisation programme in 2012.AimTo study the epidemiology and genotype distribution of RV in children during the post-vaccination period and assess the impact of increased vaccination coverage.MethodsIn a prospective multicentre hospital-based study, hospitalised children (≤ 16 years) with an RV-positive faecal sample were recruited. Epidemiological and genotyping analyses were performed; periods of low (2008-12) and moderate (2012-20) RV vaccination coverage were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3,874 children (55.6% male; n = 2,153) with median age of 1.4 years (IQR: 0.5-3.3) were studied during 2008-20. Most RV-infected children were aged ≤ 3 years (72.2%) and hospitalised during December-May (69.1%). Common RV genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], G12P[8]) were detected in 92.2% of samples; G-P combinations with prevalence above 1% were G4P[8] (44.1%), G1P[8] (25.4%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G9P[8] (3.5%), G12P[8] (2.2%), G3P[8] (2.1%), other (4.3%) and mixed (3.5%). Of all samples, 97.6% were homotypic or partially heterotypic to vaccines' genotypes. With moderate vaccination coverage, the seasonal peak was detected earlier, children were older and partially or fully heterotypic genotypes were increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the era of moderate RV vaccination coverage in Greece, epidemiology of RV in hospitalised children seemed to change. However, most circulating genotypes remain homotypic or partially heterotypic to RV vaccines. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and genotyping are important to monitor possible changes arising from RV vaccines' implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra-Maria Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Chatzichristou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Trimis
- MSD Greece, Medical and Scientific Affairs Department, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece,University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Koukou DM, Michos A, Chatzichristou P, Trimis G, Tatsi EB, Dellis C, Zachariadou L, Liakopoulou T, Chrousos GP, Syriopoulou V. Rotavirus epidemiology and genotype distribution in hospitalised children, Greece, 2008 to 2020: A prospective multicentre study. Euro Surveill 2022; 27. [PMID: 36695456 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2022.27.47.2101133/cite/plaintext] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundTwo rotavirus (RV) vaccines were licensed in Greece in late 2006 and included in the national immunisation programme in 2012.AimTo study the epidemiology and genotype distribution of RV in children during the post-vaccination period and assess the impact of increased vaccination coverage.MethodsIn a prospective multicentre hospital-based study, hospitalised children (≤ 16 years) with an RV-positive faecal sample were recruited. Epidemiological and genotyping analyses were performed; periods of low (2008-12) and moderate (2012-20) RV vaccination coverage were compared. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression.ResultsA total of 3,874 children (55.6% male; n = 2,153) with median age of 1.4 years (IQR: 0.5-3.3) were studied during 2008-20. Most RV-infected children were aged ≤ 3 years (72.2%) and hospitalised during December-May (69.1%). Common RV genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8], G12P[8]) were detected in 92.2% of samples; G-P combinations with prevalence above 1% were G4P[8] (44.1%), G1P[8] (25.4%), G2P[4] (14.9%), G9P[8] (3.5%), G12P[8] (2.2%), G3P[8] (2.1%), other (4.3%) and mixed (3.5%). Of all samples, 97.6% were homotypic or partially heterotypic to vaccines' genotypes. With moderate vaccination coverage, the seasonal peak was detected earlier, children were older and partially or fully heterotypic genotypes were increased (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn the era of moderate RV vaccination coverage in Greece, epidemiology of RV in hospitalised children seemed to change. However, most circulating genotypes remain homotypic or partially heterotypic to RV vaccines. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and genotyping are important to monitor possible changes arising from RV vaccines' implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra-Maria Koukou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Michos
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota Chatzichristou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Trimis
- MSD Greece, Medical and Scientific Affairs Department, Athens, Greece
| | - Elizabeth-Barbara Tatsi
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Charilaos Dellis
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Syriopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Characterization of Rotavirus Infection in Hospitalized Children under 5 with Acute Gastroenteritis 5 Years after Introducing the Rotavirus Vaccines in South Korea. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111633. [PMID: 36360361 PMCID: PMC9688952 DOI: 10.3390/children9111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We herein characterized rotavirus infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age with gastroenteritis after introducing rotavirus vaccines in South Korea from 20 February 2012, to 31 March 2013. Enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay was performed to detect rotavirus antigens. G and P genotyping was performed using nested multiplex PCR. For the failed PCR samples, sequencing was conducted. We performed a test-negative case-control study to estimate vaccine effectiveness. Vaccine effectiveness was measured using a multivariate logistic regression model. Rotavirus was detected in 16 (13.2%) of the 121 patients, with a seasonal peak in April 2012. The dominant genotypes detected were G3P[8] (33.3%) and G4P[6] (26.7%), and vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus hospitalization was 84.9% [95% CI: 23.2−97.0] in the complete vaccinated group. A higher prevalence of rotavirus infection was observed among children with siblings than those without siblings (p < 0.001). Also, the presence of siblings was significantly associated with a history of nonvaccination (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the prevalence of rotavirus followed a decreasing trend, and there was no evidence of emergences of nonvaccine-type strains. Vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus hospitalization was 84.9%. Although children with siblings were more susceptible to rotavirus infection, they were less likely to receive vaccination against rotavirus.
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Du Y, Chen C, Zhang X, Yan D, Jiang D, Liu X, Yang M, Ding C, Lan L, Hecht R, Zhu C, Yang S. Global burden and trends of rotavirus infection-associated deaths from 1990 to 2019: an observational trend study. Virol J 2022; 19:166. [PMID: 36266651 PMCID: PMC9585833 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is the leading global pathogen of diarrhea-associated mortality and poses a great threat to public health in all age groups. This study aimed to explore the global burden and 30-year change patterns of rotavirus infection-associated deaths. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study (GBD 2019), we analyzed the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of rotavirus infection by sex, geographical region, and sociodemographic index (SDI) from 1990 to 2019. A Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the global trends in rotavirus infection over the 30 years, SaTScan software was used to detect the spatial and temporal aggregations, and a generalized linear model to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and death rates of rotavirus infection. Results Globally, rotavirus infection was the leading cause of diarrheal deaths, accounting for 19.11% of deaths from diarrhea in 2019. Rotavirus caused a higher death burden in African, Oceanian, and South Asian countries in the past three decades. The ASDR of rotavirus declined from 11.39 (95% uncertainty interval [95% UI] 5.46–19.48) per 100,000 people in 1990 to 3.41 (95% UI 1.60–6.01) per 100,000 people in 2019, with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) (− 4.07%, P < 0.05). However, a significant uptrend was found in high-income North America (AAPC = 1.79%, P < 0.05). The death rate was the highest among children under 5 years worldwide. However, the death rates of elderly individuals over 70 years were higher than those of children under 5 years in 2019 among high, high-middle, middle, and low-middle SDI regions. Current health expenditure, gross domestic product per capita, and the number of physicians per 1000 people were significantly negatively correlated with death rates of rotavirus. Conclusions Although the global trends in the rotavirus burden have decreased substantially over the past three decades, the burden of rotavirus remained high in Africa, Oceania, and South Asia. Children under 5 years and elderly individuals over 70 years were the populations most at risk for rotavirus infection-associated deaths, especially elderly individuals over 70 years in relatively high SDI regions. More attention should be paid to these areas and populations, and effective public health policies should be implemented in the future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12985-022-01898-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Du
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobao Zhang
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danying Yan
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daixi Jiang
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengya Yang
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Lan
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robert Hecht
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Changtai Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shigui Yang
- Department of Public Health, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Rotaviruses are the most common viral agents associated with foal diarrhea. Between 2014 and 2017, the annual prevalence of rotavirus in diarrheic foals ranged between 18 and 28% in Haryana (India). Whole-genome sequencing of two equine rotavirus A (ERVA) isolates (RVA/Horse-wt/IND/ERV4/2017 and RVA/Horse-wt/IND/ERV6/2017) was carried out to determine the genotypic constellations (GCs) of ERVAs. The GCs of both the isolates were G3-P[3]-I8-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, a unique combination reported for ERVAs so far. Both the isolates carried VP6 of genotype I8, previously unreported from equines. Upon comparison with RVAs of other species, the GC of both isolates was identical to that of a bat rotavirus strain, MSLH14, isolated from China in 2012. The nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding VP3, NSP2, and NSP3 shared >95.81% identity with bat RVA strains isolated from Africa (Gabon). The genes encoding VP1, VP2, VP7, NSP1, and NSP4 shared 94.82% to 97.12% nucleotide identities with the human strains which have zoonotic links to bats (RCH272 and MS2015-1-0001). The VP6 genes of both strains were distinct and had the highest similarity of only 87.08% with that of CMH222, a human strain of bat origin. The phylogenetic analysis and lineage studies revealed that VP7 of both isolates clustered in a new lineage (lineage X) of the G3 genotype with bat, human, and alpaca strains. Similarly, VP4 clustered in a distinct P[3] lineage. These unusual findings highlight the terra incognita of the genomic diversity of equine rotaviruses and support the need for the surveillance of RVAs in animals and humans with a "one health" approach. IMPORTANCE Rotaviruses are globally prevalent diarrheal pathogens in young animals including foals, piglets, calves, goats, sheep, cats, and dogs along with humans. The genome of rotaviruses consists of 11 segments, which enables them to undergo reshuffling by reassortment of segments from multiple species during mixed infections. In this study, the prevalence of equine rotaviruses was 32.11% in organized equine farms of North India. The complete genome analysis of two ERVA isolates revealed an unusual genomic constellation, which was previously reported only in a bat RVA strain. A segment-wise phylogenetic analysis revealed that most segments of both isolates were highly similar either to bat or to bat-like human rotaviruses. The occurrence of unusual bat-like rotaviruses in equines emphasizes the need of extensive surveillance of complete genomes of both animal and human rotaviruses with a "one health" approach.
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22
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Lee KY. Rotavirus infection-associated central nervous system complications: clinicoradiological features and potential mechanisms. Clin Exp Pediatr 2022; 65:483-493. [PMID: 35130429 PMCID: PMC9561191 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.01333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the introduction of vaccines in 2006, rotavirus remains one of the most common causes of pediatric gastroenteritis worldwide. While many studies have conclusively shown that rotavirus infection causes gastroenteritis and is associated with various extraintestinal manifestations including central nervous system (CNS) complications, extraintestinal manifestations due to rotavirus infection have been relatively overlooked. Rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications are common in children and present with diverse clinicoradiological features. Rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications can be classified based on clinical features and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings, particularly lesion location on diffusion-weighted imaging. Common clinicoradiological features of rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications include: (1) benign convulsions with mild gastroenteritis; (2) acute encephalopathies/encephalitis, such as mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion, acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion, and acute necrotizing encephalopathy; (3) acute cerebellitis; and (4) neonatal rotavirus-associated leukoencephalopathy. The precise mechanism underlying the development of these complications remains unknown despite a number of clinical and laboratory studies. Here we review the diverse clinicoradiological features of rotavirus infection-associated CNS complications and propose a hypothesis of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
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Choy RKM, Bourgeois AL, Ockenhouse CF, Walker RI, Sheets RL, Flores J. Controlled Human Infection Models To Accelerate Vaccine Development. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0000821. [PMID: 35862754 PMCID: PMC9491212 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00008-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of protective efficacy. The application of controlled human challenge models of infection and disease at the appropriate stages of development could accelerate development of candidate vaccines and, in fact, has done so successfully in some limited cases. Human challenge models could potentially be used to gather critical information on pathogenesis, inform strain selection for vaccines, explore cross-protective immunity, identify immune correlates of protection and mechanisms of protection induced by infection or evoked by candidate vaccines, guide decisions on appropriate trial endpoints, and evaluate vaccine efficacy. We prepared this report to motivate fellow scientists to exploit the potential capacity of controlled human challenge experiments to advance vaccine development. In this review, we considered available challenge models for 17 infectious diseases in the context of the public health importance of each disease, the diversity and pathogenesis of the causative organisms, the vaccine candidates under development, and each model's capacity to evaluate them and identify correlates of protective immunity. Our broad assessment indicated that human challenge models have not yet reached their full potential to support the development of vaccines against infectious diseases. On the basis of our review, however, we believe that describing an ideal challenge model is possible, as is further developing existing and future challenge models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. M. Choy
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A. Louis Bourgeois
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Richard I. Walker
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Jorge Flores
- PATH, Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Mao T, Wang M, Wang J, Ma Y, Liu X, Wang M, Sun X, Li L, Li H, Zhang Q, Li D, Duan Z. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral proteins VP4/VP7 of circulating human rotavirus strains in China from 2016 to 2019 and comparison of their antigenic epitopes with those of vaccine strains. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:927490. [PMID: 36004332 PMCID: PMC9393338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.927490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the most common etiological agents of severe acute diarrhea among children under 5 years old worldwide. At present, two live-attenuated RVA vaccines, LLR (G10P[15]) and RotaTeq (G1–G4, G6 P[8], P[5]), have been introduced to mainland China. Although RVA vaccines can provide homotypic and partially heterotypic protection against several strains, it is necessary to explore the genetic and antigenic variations between circulating RVAs and vaccine strains. In this study, we sequenced viral protein VP7 and VP4 outer capsid proteins of 50 RVA strains circulating in China from 2016 to 2019. The VP7 and VP4 sequences of almost all strains showed high homology to those of previously reported human strains and vaccine strains of the same genotype. However, in the presumed antigenic epitopes of the VP7 and VP4, multiple amino acid variations were found, regardless of the G and P genotypes of these strains. Moreover, all circulating G3 RVA strains in China potentially possess an extra N-linked glycosylation site compared with the G3 strain of RotaTeq. The potential N-linked glycosylation site at residues 69–71 was found in all G9 strains in China but not in the G9 strain of the Rotavac or Rotasill vaccine. These variations in antigenic sites might result in the selection of strains that escape the RVA neutralizing-antibody pressure imposed by vaccines. Furthermore, the G4 and P[6] genotypes in this study showed high homology to those of porcine strains, indicating the transmission of G4 and P[6] genotypes from pigs to humans in China. More genetic surveillance with antigenic evaluation in prevalent RVAs is necessary for developing and implementing rotavirus vaccines in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Mao
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jindong Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yalin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiafei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Dandi Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandi Li, ; Zhaojun Duan,
| | - Zhaojun Duan
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dandi Li, ; Zhaojun Duan,
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Meßmer C, Rubbenstroth D, Mohr L, Peus E, Schreiber T, Rautenschlein S. Pigeon Rotavirus A as the cause of systemic infection in juvenile pigeons (young pigeon disease). TIERARZTLICHE PRAXIS. AUSGABE K, KLEINTIERE/HEIMTIERE 2022; 50:293-301. [PMID: 36067771 DOI: 10.1055/a-1909-2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations suggested pigeon associated Rotavirus Typ A genotype G18P[17] (RVA) as a causative agent of the classical 'young pigeon disease' (YPD). YPD was first described in the late 1980 s as an acute, mainly seasonally recurring disorder of mostly juvenile domestic pigeons (Columba livia) with clinical signs such as anorexia, dairrhea, vomiting, congested crops, weight loss and occasionally mortality. Various studies in the past indicated a multifactorial nature of YPD. Several pathogens, such as pigeon circovirus 1, avian adenoviruses and Escherichia coli were also suggested, but none of these could reproduce the disease experimentally. However, the impact of other pathogens on the clinical development of YPD cannot be excluded and requires further investigation. This present review summarizes available information on RVA-induced disease in pigeons, its association with YPD, the transmission, and diagnosis of the infection, and on prophylactic strategies to prevent RVA outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meßmer
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover
| | | | - Lydia Mohr
- Clinic for Poultry, University of Veterinary Medicine in Hannover
| | - Elisabeth Peus
- Clinic for Pigeons of the German Pigeon Breeders Association
| | - Tim Schreiber
- Clinic for Pigeons of the German Pigeon Breeders Association
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Wu H, Li B, Miao Z, Hu L, Zhou L, Lu Y. Codon usage of host-specific P genotypes (VP4) in group A rotavirus. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:518. [PMID: 35842571 PMCID: PMC9288207 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A rotavirus (RVA) is a common causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. RVA P genotypes, determined by VP4 sequences, have been confirmed to infect humans and animals. However, their codon usage patterns that are essential to obtain insights into the viral evolution, host adaptability, and genetic characterization remained unclear, especially across animal hosts. Results We performed a comprehensive codon usage analysis of eight host-specific RVA P genotypes, including human RVA (P[4] and P[8]), porcine RVA (P[13] and P[23]), and zoonotic RVA (P[1], P[6], P[7] and P[19]), based on 233 VP4 complete coding sequences. Nucleotide composition, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and effective number of codons (ENC) were calculated. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on RSCU values was used to explore the codon usage patterns of different RVA P genotypes. In addition, mutation pressure and natural selection were identified by using ENC-plot, parity rule 2 plot, and neutrality plot analyses. All VP4 sequences preferred using A/U nucleotides (A: 0.354-0.377, U: 0.267-0.314) than G/C nucleotides across genotypes. Similarly, majority of commonly used synonymous codons were likely to end with A/U nucleotides (A: 9/18-12/18, U: 6/18-9/18). In PCA, human, porcine, and zoonotic genotypes clustered separately in terms of RSCU values, indicating the host-specific codon usage patterns; however, porcine and zoonotic genotypes were partly overlapped. Human genotypes, P[4] and P[8], had stronger codon usage bias, as indicated by more over-represented codons and lower ENC, compared to porcine and zoonotic genotypes. Moreover, natural selection was determined to be a predominant driver in shaping the codon usage bias across the eight P genotypes. In addition, mutation pressure contributed to the codon usage bias of human genotypes. Conclusions Our study identified a strong codon usage bias of human RVA P genotypes attributable to both natural selection and mutation pressure, whereas similar codon usage bias between porcine and zoonotic genotypes predominantly attributable to natural selection. It further suggests possible cross-species transmission. Therefore, it warrants further surveillance of RVA P genotypes for early identification of zoonotic infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08730-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bingzhe Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziping Miao
- Institute of Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310052, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yihan Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety (Fudan University), School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang SJ, Chen LN, Wang SM, Zhou HL, Qiu C, Jiang B, Qiu TY, Chen SL, von Seidlein L, Wang XY. Genetic characterization of two G8P[8] rotavirus strains isolated in Guangzhou, China, in 2020/21: evidence of genome reassortment. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:579. [PMID: 35764948 PMCID: PMC9238253 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The G8 rotavirus genotype has been detected frequently in children in many countries and even became the predominant strain in sub-Saharan African countries, while there are currently no reports from China. In this study we described the genetic characteristics and evolutionary relationship between rotavirus strains from Guangzhou in China and the epidemic rotavirus strains derived from GenBank, 2020–2021. Methods Virus isolation and subsequent next-generation sequencing were performed for confirmed G8P[8] specimens. The genetic characteristics and evolutionary relationship were analyzed in comparison with epidemic rotavirus sequences obtained from GenBank. Results The two Guangzhou G8 strains were DS-1-like with the closest genetic distance to strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The VP7 genes of the two strains were derived from a human, not an animal G8 rotavirus. Large genetic distances in several genes suggested that the Guangzhou strains may not have been transmitted directly from Southeast Asian countries, but have emerged following reassortment events. Conclusions We report the whole genome sequence information of G8P[8] rotaviruses recently detected in China; their clinical and epidemiological significance remains to be explored further. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07542-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jie Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Song-Mei Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Training Center of Medical Experiments, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Lu Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Qiu
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Viral Gastroenteritis Branch, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tian-Yi Qiu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Li Chen
- Pediatric Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Industrial Avenue Central, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lorenz von Seidlein
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xuan-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MoE & MoH, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. .,Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Francese R, Donalisio M, Rittà M, Capitani F, Mantovani V, Maccari F, Tonetto P, Moro GE, Bertino E, Volpi N, Lembo D. Human milk glycosaminoglycans inhibit cytomegalovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infectivity by impairing cell binding. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y. [PMID: 35513714 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral role of glycosaminoglycans in human milk (HM-GAGs) has been poorly investigated. They are highly sulfated polysaccharides, which were proposed to act as decoy receptors according to their structure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antiviral potential and the mechanism of action of total and individual HM-GAGs against three pediatric clinically relevant viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and rotavirus. METHODS HM-GAGs were isolated from HM and a library of individual GAGs, structurally related to HM-GAGs, was prepared. The antiviral activity of HM-GAGs and the impact of thermal treatment were investigated in vitro by specific antiviral assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they act by altering virus attachment to cell. We clarified the contribution of individual HM-GAGs, showing a specific structure-related activity. We did not observe any alteration of HM-GAG antiviral activity after thermal treatment. CONCLUSIONS We showed that HM-GAGs contribute to the overall antiviral activity of HM, likely exerting a synergic action with other HM antiviral agents. HM-GAGs can now be added to the list of endogenous factors that may reduce breast-milk-acquired HCMV symptomatic infections and protecting infants from respiratory tract infections by RSV. IMPACT HM-GAGs have been poorly investigated for their antiviral action so far. We demonstrated that HM-GAGs are endowed with significant anti-HCMV and anti-RSV activity and that they are able to alter virus binding to the cell. The contribution of individual HM-GAGs is mainly exerted by the FMHep and is not based on a simple charge interaction between the virus and sulfate groups but involves a specific GAG structural configuration. Our results contribute to identifying the multiple factors synergically acting in mediating HM antiviral properties and to clarifying their specific mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Francese
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Manuela Donalisio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Massimo Rittà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Federica Capitani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Mantovani
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Maccari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Tonetto
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Guido E Moro
- Italian Association of Human Milk Banks (AIBLUD), Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertino
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicola Volpi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - David Lembo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Antiviral Research, University of Turin, Orbassano (TO), Italy.
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Lu L, Zhong H, Jia R, Su L, Xu M, Cao L, Liu P, Ao Y, Dong N, Xu J. Prevalence and genotypes distribution of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under 5 years with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2012-2018. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35505284 PMCID: PMC9066839 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A rotavirus (RVA) remains the main causative agent of acute diarrhea among children under five years in countries that have not yet introduced the RVA vaccine worldwide. Long-term and continuous monitoring data on RVA infection in outpatient children were lacking in Shanghai. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes in outpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. Methods Stool specimens of outpatient children under five years were collected from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. All the samples enrolled in this study were detected and characterized for the P and G genotypes of RVA were determined using the semi-multiplex RT-PCR technique. Results Of 1814 children enrolled with acute diarrhea and having specimens collected, 246 (13.6%) were infected with RVA. The highest frequency of RVA was observed in children younger than two years old (87.0%, 214/246). Year-round RVA transmission was observed and the RVA detection rate peaked every winter and troughed in summer. In this study, 12 different RVA strains were identified in children. G9P[8] (49.2%, 121/246) was detected as the most prevalent genotype, followed by G–P[8] (22.8%, 56/246), G3P[8] (11.4%, 28/246), and G9P- (4.9%, 12/246). Although RVA strains detected in this study varied with the time, G9P[8] has been the most predominant circulating genotype since 2012. Furthermore, 12.2% (30/246) RVA positive samples were co-infected with other diarrhea viruses. Conclusion The present analysis showed that RVA was still a major cause of children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. A great diversity of RVA strains circulated in children with acute diarrhea with G9P[8] being the predominant genotype since 2012. Long-term and continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is therefore indispensable to refine future vaccine strategy in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyun Ao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Niuniu Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
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Miranda ARM, da Silva Mendes G, Santos N. Rotaviruses A and C in dairy cattle in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:1657-1663. [PMID: 35478312 PMCID: PMC9433513 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stool samples were collected from calves from nine family-based small dairy farms in the state of Rio de Janeiro, for detection and characterization of rotavirus (RV) species A, B, and C (RVA, RVB, and RVC, respectively) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-six samples (27.7%) were positive for at least one of the species: 22 (23.4%) samples were positive only for RVA, 3 (3.2%) were positive for RVC, and one sample (1.1%) had co-infection of RVA and RVC. RVB was not detected. Seven (21.9%; n = 32) animals with diarrhea and 19 (30.1% n = 62) asymptomatic animals were positive, with no significant difference in positivity (p = 0.3677). RV was detected in all properties studied, at rates between 14.3 and 80%, demonstrating the widespread circulation of RV in four of the seven geographic regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Infection was more prevalent among animals ≤ 6 months of age. Sequence analysis of a portion of the RVA VP6-encoding gene identified the I2 genotype. RVC was also detected; to our knowledge, this is the first description of this agent in cattle in Brazil. The data presented here should add knowledge regarding the importance and prevalence of RV in our national territory, and may facilitate the planning and implementation of control and prevention measures for bovine rotavirus infections in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriele R M Miranda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil
| | - Gabriella da Silva Mendes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil
| | - Norma Santos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho - 373, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21.947-902, Brazil.
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Omatola CA, Olaniran AO. Rotaviruses: From Pathogenesis to Disease Control—A Critical Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050875. [PMID: 35632617 PMCID: PMC9143449 DOI: 10.3390/v14050875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first recognition in human cases about four decades ago, rotaviruses have remained the leading cause of acute severe dehydrating diarrhea among infants and young children worldwide. The WHO prequalification of oral rotavirus vaccines (ORV) a decade ago and its introduction in many countries have yielded a significant decline in the global burden of the disease, although not without challenges to achieving global effectiveness. Poised by the unending malady of rotavirus diarrhea and the attributable death cases in developing countries, we provide detailed insights into rotavirus biology, exposure pathways, cellular receptors and pathogenesis, host immune response, epidemiology, and vaccination. Additionally, recent developments on the various host, viral and environmental associated factors impacting ORV performance in low-and middle-income countries (LMIC) are reviewed and their significance assessed. In addition, we review the advances in nonvaccine strategies (probiotics, candidate anti-rotaviral drugs, breastfeeding) to disease prevention and management.
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Rotaviruses and Noroviruses as Etiological Agents of Acute Intestinal Diseases of Ukrainian Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084660. [PMID: 35457527 PMCID: PMC9030432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Rotavirus and norovirus infections are the primary viral causes of childhood diarrhea. In Ukraine, the diarrhea-linked infant mortality rate is low, but the number of children infected is quite high. This study examined the rates of rotavirus and norovirus infections throughout Ukraine. (2) Methods: Fecal samples for children admitted to hospitals in six Ukrainian cities (Kyiv, Lviv, Sumy, Odesa, Kharkiv, and Uman) were tested for the presence of rotavirus and norovirus. (3) Results: The overall rate of hospitalized children suffering from diarrhea with confirmed presence of rotavirus or norovirus in fecal samples was significant (20.67% and 27.94%, respectively). Samples obtained from children from Lviv had significantly higher rates of the viruses, and Kyiv and Uman had significantly lower rotavirus or norovirus detection levels than expected. (4) Conclusion: Childhood diarrhea impacts Ukraine significantly. The economic and societal effects of the failure to address this public health issue are indicated by the hospitalization rate of children with preventable illnesses. The geographical disparities in Ukraine for child hospitalizations caused by rotavirus and norovirus infections could result from environmental (sanitary factors or water purity issues) or social factors. Further research is needed to completely characterize infant viral infections in Ukraine.
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Morales-Ferré C, Azagra-Boronat I, Massot-Cladera M, Tims S, Knipping K, Garssen J, Knol J, Franch À, Castell M, Pérez-Cano FJ, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ. Preventive Effect of a Postbiotic and Prebiotic Mixture in a Rat Model of Early Life Rotavirus Induced-Diarrhea. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061163. [PMID: 35334820 PMCID: PMC8954028 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the main cause of gastroenteritis in children. Prebiotics and, more recently, postbiotics are used for preventing and treating gastrointestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a LactofidusTM, short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides (scGOS) and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides (lcFOS) mixture, and their combination on RV infection, in a rat model, for early life diarrhea. Fifteen litters of suckling rats were intragastrically administered daily with the vehicle, the prebiotic mixture, the postbiotic or the combination. The RV was inoculated on day 5 and then fecal samples were clinically evaluated daily. Viral shedding, intestinal permeability assay, in vitro blocking assay, immunoglobulin profiles, and anti-RV response were assessed at day 8 and 16 of life. Cecal microbiota composition, intestinal gene expression, and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed at day 16. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were significantly reduced by all the supplementations. Moreover, they showed blocking activity, changes in the immunoglobulin profiles, in gut microbiota, and in the intestinal gene expression. The prebiotic mixture reduced gut permeability and changed the SCFA profile, whereas the postbiotic enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The combination preserved most of the individual observed effects, and furthermore, complementary effects, such as an increase in white blood cells and lymphocytes recruitment, as well as upregulation of TLR7 and TLR9 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Morales-Ferré
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Ignasi Azagra-Boronat
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Malén Massot-Cladera
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Sebastian Tims
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.T.); (K.K.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
| | - Karen Knipping
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.T.); (K.K.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.T.); (K.K.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (S.T.); (K.K.); (J.G.); (J.K.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Àngels Franch
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-024-505
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Physiology Section, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.M.-F.); (I.A.-B.); (M.M.-C.); (À.F.); (M.C.); (M.J.R.-L.)
- Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
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Rotavirus-Mediated Suppression of miRNA-192 Family and miRNA-181a Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway: An In Vitro Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030558. [PMID: 35336965 PMCID: PMC8955121 DOI: 10.3390/v14030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade in Rotavirus (RV) infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the RV pathogenesis and investigate a miRNA-mediated approach to regulate the pathway to repress the RV infection in the host. The regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in terms of β-catenin accumulation and activation was analyzed by Western blotting and Confocal imaging analysis. The expression levels of miR-192 family members and miR-181a were enquired into using qPCR assays, whereas their targets in the Wnt pathway were confirmed using the Luciferase Reporter Assays. Members of the miR-192 family and miR-181a, which target the components of the pathway, were also found to be considerably decreased in expression during RV infection. Ectopic expression of these miRNAs could restrict the RV pathogenesis by targeting the intermediates of the Wnt signaling pathway. The miR-192 family and miR-181a were capable of suppressing the RV infection via targeting of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The study not only highlights the role of the Wnt signaling cascade in RV infection but also suggests that miRNAs can synergistically decrease RV replication by a significant amount. Thus, the miR-192 family and miR-181a present themselves as prospective antivirals against RV infection.
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Sadiq A, Bostan N, Aziz A. Effect of rotavirus genetic diversity on vaccine impact. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2259. [PMID: 34997676 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVAs) are the leading cause of gastroenteritis, causing 0.2 million deaths and several million hospitalisations globally each year. Four rotavirus vaccines (RotarixTM , RotaTeqTM , Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) have been pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO), but the two newly pre-qualified vaccines (Rotavac® and ROTASIIL® ) are currently only in use in Palestine and India, respectively. In 2009, WHO strongly proposed that rotavirus vaccines be included in the routine vaccination schedule of all countries around the world. By the end of 2019, a total of 108 countries had administered rotavirus vaccines, and 10 countries have currently been approved by Gavi for the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in the near future. With 39% of global coverage, rotavirus vaccines have had a substantial effect on diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in different geographical areas, although efficacy appears to be higher in high income settings. Due to the segmented RNA genome, the pattern of RVA genotypes in the human population is evolving through interspecies transmission and/or reassortment events for which the vaccine might be less effective in the future. However, despite the relative increase in some particular genotypes after rotavirus vaccine use, the overall efficacy of rotavirus mass vaccination worldwide has not been affected. Some of the challenges to improve the effect of current rotavirus vaccines can be solved in the future by new rotavirus vaccines and by vaccines currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sadiq
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, Molecular Virology Laboratory, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Aziz
- Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Sarhad University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Yin N, Wu J, Kuang X, Lin X, Zhou Y, Yi S, Hu X, Chen R, Liu Y, Ye J, He Z, Sun M, Li H. Vaccination of pregnant rhesus monkeys with inactivated rotavirus as a model for achieving protection from rotavirus SA11 infection in the offspring. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5656-5665. [PMID: 35213949 PMCID: PMC8903932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2011548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine has shown low protection in underdeveloped or developing countries. However, the inactivated rotavirus vaccine may have the potential to overcome some of these challenges. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration were elevated in a neonatal rhesus monkey model. A bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine containing G1P[8] (ZTR-68 strain) and G9P[8] (ZTR-18 strain) was administered to pregnant rhesus monkeys twice at an interval of 14 days. Neutralizing antibodies against RV strains ZTR-68, ZTR-18, SA11, WA, UK, and Gottfried emerged in pregnant rhesus monkeys and were transplacentally transmitted to the offspring. In the vaccine group, clinical symptoms of diarrhea, viral load in the gut tissue and histopathological changes were significantly reduced in the neonatal rhesus monkeys following oral challenge with the SA11 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China,CONTACT Hongjun Li Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming650118, China
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangjing Kuang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Yi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Maosheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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da Silva MTL, Deodato RM, Villar LM. Exploring the potential usefulness of IgY for antiviral therapy: A current review. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:785-791. [PMID: 34416265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin yolk (IgY) is therapeutic antibodies presented in yolk eggs of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. These proteins produced by the immune system of the animal, are capable of neutralizing antigenic molecules, including viral antigens, fulfilling a role in the body defense. The specificity of these antibodies and the facility for their production, make these molecules capable of being used as tools for diagnosis and immunotherapy. Regarding this last aspect, it is common knowledge that the field of virology, is racing against time in the development of new drugs and vaccines to try to contain pandemics and local epidemics and, in counterproposal, avian antibodies are neutralizing molecules that can help in the control and spread of disease. These molecules have been explored for years and currently chicken eggs are produced in large quantities from the animal's immunization against a specific pathogen. Thus, on this subject, this review made a survey of these researches and presents a summary of all the successful cases and perspectives in the use of IgYs as tools for viral immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raissa Martins Deodato
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Livia Melo Villar
- Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Karambizi NU, McMahan CS, Blue CN, Temesvari LA. Global estimated Disability-Adjusted Life-Years (DALYs) of diarrheal diseases: A systematic analysis of data from 28 years of the global burden of disease study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259077. [PMID: 34705878 PMCID: PMC8550424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal disease (DD)-associated mortality has declined since 1990; however, the incidence of DD has experienced a less-pronounced decrease. Thus, it is important to track progress in managing DD by following loss of healthy years. A disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), which combines data on years-of-life lost (YLL) and years-lived with-disability (YLD), is a metric that can track such a burden. METHODS AND FINDINGS Using all 28 years of data in the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, we compared DD DALYs among different demographic subsets including sex, age, country, and World Bank (WB) income level. We also evaluated DD DALYs as a function of the socio-demographic index (SDI), a measure of a region's socio-demographic development. On a global level, DD DALYs have decreased by approximately 85.43% from 1990 to 2017. Incidence and prevalence have decreased by 1.53% and 4.45%, respectively. A dramatic decrease in DD DALYs were observed for WB low-income countries, but not for WB high-income constituents. The temporal decrease in DD DALY rates in WB low-income countries was likely driven by a decrease in YLL. Alternatively, temporal increases in both YLL and YLD may have contributed to the apparent lack of progress in WB high-income countries. Regardless of WB income classification, children under the age of five and the elderly were the most vulnerable to DD. In nearly every year from 1990 to 2017, DD DALYs for females were higher than those for males in WB high-income regions, but lower than those for males in WB low-income constituents. The reason for these differences is not known. We also observed that the rate of DD DALYs was highly correlated to SDI regardless of WB income classification. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the only temporal study of DD DALYs that encompasses all 28 years of data available from the GBD. Overall, our analyses show that temporal reductions in DD DALYs are not equivalent across regions, sexes and age groups. Therefore, careful attention to local and demography-specific risk factors will be necessary to tailor solutions in region- and demography-specific manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha U. Karambizi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovations Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. McMahan
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl N. Blue
- Department of Graphic Communications, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lesly A. Temesvari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
- Eukaryotic Pathogens Innovations Center (EPIC), Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
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Abstract
Histo-blood group antigen contains oligosaccharides that serve as receptors for norovirus (NoV) and rotavirus (RV). The receptors are only present on the surface of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells of secretors; therefore, secretors are susceptible to NoV and RV diarrhea and nonsecretors are resistant. The prevalence of secretors in different countries varies between 50% and 90%. Secretor rates evolved in response to environmental pressures such as infectious diseases.
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Wang Y, Porter EP, Lu N, Zhu C, Noll LW, Hamill V, Brown SJ, Palinski RM, Bai J. Whole-genome classification of rotavirus C and genetic diversity of porcine strains in the USA. J Gen Virol 2021; 102. [PMID: 33950806 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus C (RVC) is associated with acute diarrhoea in both children and young animals. Because of its frequent occurrence, additional sequences have recently been generated. In this study, we sequenced 21 complete genomes from porcine diarrhoea samples and analysed them together with all available reference sequences collected from the GenBank database [National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)]. Based on phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance calculation, the number of each segment was identified as 31G, 26P, 13I, 5R, 5C, 5M, 12A, 10 N, 9T, 8E and 4 H for genotypes encoding VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3 and NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5, respectively. From the analysis, genotypes G19-G31, P[22]-P[26], R5, A9-A12, N9-N10, T7-T9 and E6-E8 were defined as newly identified genotypes, and genotype C6 was combined with C5, and M6 was combined with M1, due to their closely related nature. Estimated with the identity frequency ratio between the intergenotype and intragenotype, the nucleotide identity cutoff values for different genotypes were determined as 85, 85, 86, 84, 83, 84, 82, 87, 84, 81 and 79 % for VP7, VP4, VP6, VP1, VP2, VP3, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4 and NSP5, respectively. Genotyping of the 49 US strains indicated possible segment reassortment in 9 of the 11 segments, with the exceptions being VP1 and NSP5, and the most prevalent genotypes for each segment genes in the USA were G6/G5/G21/G9-P5/P4-I6/I5-R1-C5-M1-A8-N1/N10-T1-E1-H1. Our study updated the genotypes of RVC strains and provided more evidence of RVC strain diversity that may be relevant to better understand genetic diversity, and the distribution and evolution of RVC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Porter
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nanyan Lu
- Bioinformatics Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cong Zhu
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lance W Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Vaughn Hamill
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Susan J Brown
- Bioinformatics Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Rachel M Palinski
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Saha D, Ota MOC, Pereira P, Buchy P, Badur S. Rotavirus vaccines performance: dynamic interdependence of host, pathogen and environment. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:945-957. [PMID: 34224290 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1951247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As of January 2021, rotavirus vaccination programs have been implemented in 109 countries and their use has resulted in a positive impact on rotavirus-related diarrheal hospitalizations and mortality in children below 5 years of age. Despite these successes, several countries in Africa and Asia where disease burden is high have not yet implemented rotavirus vaccination at all or at a scale sufficient enough to demonstrate impact. This could be, among other reasons, due to poor vaccine coverage and the modest levels of efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccines in these resource-limited settings. AREAS COVERED We review various factors related to the human host (malnutrition, maternally derived antibodies and breastfeeding, genetic factors, blood group, and co-administration with oral polio vaccine), rotavirus pathogen (force of infection, strain diversity and coinfections), and the environment (related to the human microbiome) which reflect complex and interconnected processes leading to diminished vaccine performance in resource-limited settings. EXPERT OPINION Addressing the limiting factors for vaccine efficacy is needed but likely to take a long time to be resolved. An immediate solution is to increase the immunization coverage to higher values generating an overall effect of adequate proportion of protected population to reduce the prevalence of rotavirus disease.
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Burns HE, Collins AM, Fallon UB, Marsden PV, Ni Shuilleabhain CM. Rotavirus vaccination impact, Ireland, implications for vaccine confidence and screening. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:281-285. [PMID: 31995175 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus vaccine efficacy is well established. However, it is important to consistently demonstrate the positive impact of vaccination programmes in order to optimize uptake rates and combat vaccine hesitancy. METHODS Routine data were used to examine rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Ireland, including changes in age-specific crude incidence rates (CIRs), hospitalizations and hospital length of stay. National intussusception incidence was interrogated. Vaccination status of vaccine-eligible cases of rotavirus infection was determined. RESULTS Nationally, a reduction in the CIR of rotavirus infection of 77.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 57.8-88.5%, P<0.001] was observed post-inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine in the primary immunization schedule. A decrease in hospitalizations of 85.5% (95% CI 79.3-90.2%, P<0.001), 86.5% (95% CI 82.9-89.4%, P<0.001) and 78.5% (95% CI 74.7-81.9%, P<0.001) was observed in children aged <1, <2 and <5 years, respectively. Most hospitalizations occurred in infants too young to have been vaccinated. There was no significant difference in median length of stay for children hospitalized with rotavirus infection. Decreased CIRs and hospitalization rates in unvaccinated children aged between 2 and 5 years suggest community immunity. Vaccine non-protection was 0.13%. No increase in the national CIR of intussusception was observed. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of the rotavirus vaccine in the Irish primary immunization schedule has resulted in a significant reduction in the burden of rotavirus infection. However, vaccine hesitancy remains a concern. With new vaccination programmes, risk of vaccine harms should be considered and mitigated in order to protect individuals and the integrity of the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Burns
- Department of Public Health, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Abigail M Collins
- Department of Public Health, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Una B Fallon
- Department of Public Health, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul V Marsden
- Department of Public Health, HSE Dublin Mid-Leinster, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhao Y, Hu N, Jiang Q, Zhu L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Xiong M, Yang M, Yang J, Shen L, Zhang S, Niu L, Chen L, Chen D. Protective effects of sodium butyrate on rotavirus inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway in IPEC-J2 cells. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:69. [PMID: 34112268 PMCID: PMC8194137 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00592-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a major pathogen that causes severe gastroenteritis in infants and young animals. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent apoptosis play pivotal role in virus infection. However, the protective mechanisms of intestinal damage caused by RV are poorly defined, especially the molecular pathways related to enterocytes apoptosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of sodium butyrate (SB) on RV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells. RESULTS The RV infection led to significant cell apoptosis, increased the expression levels of ER stress (ERS) markers, phosphorylated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α), caspase9, and caspase3. Blocking PERK pathway using specific inhibitor GSK subsequently reversed RV-induced cell apoptosis. The SB treatment significantly inhibited RV-induced ERS by decreasing the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), PERK, and eIF2α. In addition, SB treatment restrained the ERS-mediated apoptotic pathway, as indicated by downregulation of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA level, as well as decreased cleaved caspase9 and caspase3 protein levels. Furthermore, siRNA-induced GPR109a knockdown significantly suppressed the protective effect of SB on RV-induced cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SB exerts protective effects against RV-induced cell apoptosis through inhibiting ERS mediated apoptosis by regulating PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway via GPR109a, which provide new ideas for the prevention and control of RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ningming Hu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Manyi Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Mingxian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 611130, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China.
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Wa-1 Equine-Like G3P[8] Rotavirus from a Child with Diarrhea in Colombia. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061075. [PMID: 34199978 PMCID: PMC8226935 DOI: 10.3390/v13061075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus A (RVA) has been considered the main cause of diarrheal disease in children under five years in emergency services in both developed and developing countries. RVA belongs to the Reoviridae family, which comprises 11 segments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a genomic constellation that encodes for six structural and five to six nonstructural proteins. RVA has been classified in a binary system with Gx[Px] based on the spike protein (VP4) and the major outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7), respectively. The emerging equine-like G3P[8] DS-1-like strains reported worldwide in humans have arisen an important concern. Here, we carry out the complete genome characterization of a previously reported G3P[8] strain in order to recognize the genetic diversity of RVA circulating among infants in Colombia. A near-full genome phylogenetic analysis was done, confirming the presence of the novel equine-like G3P[8] with a Wa-like backbone for the first time in Colombia. This study demonstrated the importance of surveillance of emerging viruses in the Colombian population; furthermore, additional studies must focus on the understanding of the spread and transmission dynamic of this important RVA strain in different areas of the country.
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Nalitolela N, Kisenge R, Mkopi NP, Manji K. Rotavirus Diarrhoea among Children Aged <5 Years in Hospital Setting in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. J Trop Pediatr 2021; 67:6291421. [PMID: 34080010 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoea remains among the highest causes of death in children under 5 years of age in developing countries. Before the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Tanzania, rotavirus infection was the leading cause of severe diarrhoea in children below the age of 5 years but there is a paucity of studies reporting the severity of this infection after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine. This hospital-based study reports the proportion of children with rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in Dar es Salaam, its severity and associated factors. METHODS A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the inpatient and outpatient paediatrics departments of the selected health facilities from September 2018 to February 2019. A total of 314 children meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic and medical history, anthropometric measurements were taken and a stool sample was collected from each patient for rotavirus antigen detection using CTK Biotech Onsite rotavirus antigen rapid test. RESULTS A total of 314 children were included in the study with age range between 2 and 59 months. The median age was 12 months with an interquartile range of 8-19 months. Symptoms of rotavirus diarrhoea were vomiting (p-value = 0.018) and severe dehydration (p-value = 0.000). Independent associated factors of rotavirus diarrhoea included: age of mother between 35 and 49 years (AoR 4.1, 95% CI 1.0-17.1, p-value = 0.05), geographical distribution (Ilala District, AoR 4.0, 95% CI 1.1-10.4, p-value = 0.039), poor hand hygiene (AoR 8.5, 95% CI 2.6-28.1, p-value = 0.000) and drinking bottled/home-treated water (AoR 5.4, 95% CI 1.3-22.7, p-value = 0.02). CONCLUSION Rotavirus infection is still prevalent and severe among children with diarrhoea. The difference in prevalence among the districts is also of concern and hence larger community-based cohort studies are needed to assess the association of rotavirus diarrhoea with the geographical variation across districts and regions. Improving sanitation and hygiene through health education amongst households is crucial for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neema Nalitolela
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Rodrick Kisenge
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Namala Patrick Mkopi
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Karim Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Wang Y, Li J, Dai P, Liu P, Zhu F. Effectiveness of the oral human attenuated pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq™) postlicensure: a meta-analysis-2006-2020. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:437-448. [PMID: 33709863 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1902808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV), which causes RV-associated gastroenteritis (RVGE), has accounted for considerable morbidity. We aimed to assess the effectiveness (VE) of the oral pentavalent RV vaccine (RotaTeq™) in real-world settings in children and infants with gastroenteritis. METHODS We performed a systematic search for peer-reviewed studies published between 1 January 2006 and 1 May 2020 and a meta-analysis to calculate the VE of RotaTeq™ vaccine. The primary outcome was the pooled three-dose vaccine VE. Stratified analysis of the vaccine VEs was performed according to dosages, study design, population age, socioeconomic status (SES), introduction condition, control group types, outcomes of RV disease, and RV strains. RESULTS After screening 2359 unique records, 28 studies were included and meta-analyzed. The overall VE estimate was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80-87%). Stratified analyses revealed a nonnegligible impact of factors such as study design and SES. Other factors did not show great impart to VE with no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS RotaTeq™ is effective against RV infection, especially in high-income countries. Adopting suitable study methods and expansion of RV surveillance in low-income regions is crucial to assess VE in real-life settings and provide feasible vaccine regimens to improve vaccine VE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Pinyuan Dai
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Wang Y, Li J, Liu P, Zhu F. The performance of licensed rotavirus vaccines and the development of a new generation of rotavirus vaccines: a review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:880-896. [PMID: 32966134 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1801071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus, which causes acute gastroenteritis and severe diarrhea, has posed a great threat to children worldwide over the last 30 y. Since no specific drugs and therapies against rotavirus are available, vaccination is considered the most effective method of decreasing the morbidity and mortality related to rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis. To date, six rotavirus vaccines have been developed and licensed by local governments. Notably, Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ have been recommended as universal agents against rotavirus infection by the World Health Organization; however, lower efficacies were found in less-developed and developing regions with medium and high child mortality than well-developed ones with low child mortality. For now, two promising novel vaccines, Rotavac™ and RotaSiil™ were pre-qualified by the World Health Organization in 2018. Other rotavirus vaccines in the pipeline including neonatal strain (RV3-BB) and several non-replicating rotavirus vaccines with a parenteral delivery strategy are currently undergoing investigation, with the potential to improve the performance of, and eliminate the safety concerns associated with, previous live oral rotavirus vaccines. This paper reviews the important developments in rotavirus vaccines in the last 20 y and discusses problems and challenges that require investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Liu
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Vaccine Clinical Evaluation Department, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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Persistence of Pathogens on Inanimate Surfaces: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020343. [PMID: 33572303 PMCID: PMC7916105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the prevention of infectious diseases, knowledge about transmission routes is essential. In addition to respiratory, fecal-oral, and sexual transmission, the transfer of pathogens via surfaces plays a vital role for human pathogenic infections-especially nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, information about the survival of pathogens on surfaces can have direct implications on clinical measures, including hygiene guidelines and disinfection strategies. In this review, we reviewed the existing literature regarding viral, bacterial, and fungal persistence on inanimate surfaces. In particular, the current knowledge of the survival time and conditions of clinically relevant pathogens is summarized. While many pathogens persist only for hours, common nosocomial pathogens can survive for days to weeks under laboratory conditions and thereby potentially form a continuous source of transmission if no adequate inactivation procedures are performed.
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Dey SK, Sharif N, Sarkar OS, Sarkar MK, Talukder AA, Phan T, Ushijima H. Molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus among children with gastroenteritis in Bangladesh during 2014-2019. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242813. [PMID: 33253257 PMCID: PMC7703916 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major health problems in children aged <5 years around the world. Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important pathogen of acute gastroenteritis. The burden of rotavirus disease in the pediatric population is still high in Bangladesh. This study investigated the prevalence of group A, B, and C rotavirus (RAV, RBV, RCV), norovirus, adenovirus (AdV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh from February 2014 to January 2019. A total of 574 fecal specimens collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh during the period of February 2014-January 2019 were examined for RAV, RBV and RCV by reverse transcriptase- multiplex polymerase chain reaction (RT- multiplex PCR). RAV was further characterized to G-typing and P-typing by RT-multiplex PCR and sequencing method. It was found that 24.4% (140 of 574) fecal specimens were positive for RVA followed by AdV of 4.5%. RBV and RCV could not be detected in this study. Genotype G1P[8] was the most prevalent (43%), followed by G2P[4] (18%), and G9P[8] (3%). Among other genotypes, G9P[4] was most frequent (12%), followed by G1P[6] (11%), G9P[6] (3%), and G11P[25] (3%). We found that 7% RVA were nontypeable. Mutations at antigenic regions of the VP7 gene were detected in G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains. Incidence of rotavirus infection had the highest peak (58.6%) during November to February with diarrhea (90.7%) as the most common symptom. Children aged 4-11 months had the highest rotavirus infection percentage (37.9%). By providing baseline data, this study helps to assess efficacy of currently available RVA vaccine. This study revealed a high RVA detection rate, supporting health authorities in planning strategies such as introduction of RVA vaccine in national immunization program to reduce the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Omar Sadi Sarkar
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mithun Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Azam Talukder
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tung Phan
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
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Mwanga MJ, Verani JR, Omore R, Tate JE, Parashar UD, Murunga N, Gicheru E, Breiman RF, Nokes DJ, Agoti CN. Multiple Introductions and Predominance of Rotavirus Group A Genotype G3P[8] in Kilifi, Coastal Kenya, 4 Years after Nationwide Vaccine Introduction. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9120981. [PMID: 33255256 PMCID: PMC7761311 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9120981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, rotavirus group A (RVA) remains a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea, despite the use of vaccines in more than 100 countries. RVA sequencing for local outbreaks facilitates investigation into strain composition, origins, spread, and vaccine failure. In 2018, we collected 248 stool samples from children aged less than 13 years admitted with diarrheal illness to Kilifi County Hospital, coastal Kenya. Antigen screening detected RVA in 55 samples (22.2%). Of these, VP7 (G) and VP4 (P) segments were successfully sequenced in 48 (87.3%) and phylogenetic analysis based on the VP7 sequences identified seven genetic clusters with six different GP combinations: G3P[8], G1P[8], G2P[4], G2P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]. The G3P[8] strains predominated the season (n = 37, 67.2%) and comprised three distinct G3 genetic clusters that fell within Lineage I and IX (the latter also known as equine-like G3 Lineage). Both the two G3 lineages have been recently detected in several countries. Our study is the first to document African children infected with G3 Lineage IX. These data highlight the global nature of RVA transmission and the importance of increasing global rotavirus vaccine coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike J. Mwanga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, off Hospital Road, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; (M.J.M.); (N.M.); (E.G.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Jennifer R. Verani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), KEMRI Complex, off Mbagathi Way, Village Market, Nairobi 00621, Kenya;
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.E.T.); (U.D.P.)
| | - Richard Omore
- KEMRI, Center for Global Health Research (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu 00202, Kenya;
| | - Jacqueline E. Tate
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.E.T.); (U.D.P.)
| | - Umesh D. Parashar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA; (J.E.T.); (U.D.P.)
| | - Nickson Murunga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, off Hospital Road, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; (M.J.M.); (N.M.); (E.G.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Elijah Gicheru
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, off Hospital Road, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; (M.J.M.); (N.M.); (E.G.); (D.J.N.)
| | - Robert F. Breiman
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - D. James Nokes
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, off Hospital Road, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; (M.J.M.); (N.M.); (E.G.); (D.J.N.)
- School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute (SBIDER), The University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charles N. Agoti
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, off Hospital Road, Kilifi 80108, Kenya; (M.J.M.); (N.M.); (E.G.); (D.J.N.)
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi 80108, Kenya
- Correspondence:
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