1
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Jiang N, Hu Z, Wang Q, Hao J, Yang R, Jiang J, Wang H. Fibroblast growth factor 2 enhances BMSC stemness through ITGA2-dependent PI3K/AKT pathway activation. J Cell Physiol 2024:e31423. [PMID: 39188080 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are promising cellular reservoirs for treating degenerative diseases, tissue injuries, and immune system disorders. However, the stemness of BMSCs tends to decrease during in vitro cultivation, thereby restricting their efficacy in clinical applications. Consequently, investigating strategies that bolster the preservation of BMSC stemness and maximize therapeutic potential is necessary. Transcriptomic and single-cell sequencing methodologies were used to perform a comprehensive examination of BMSCs with the objective of substantiating the pivotal involvement of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) in stemness regulation. To investigate the impact of these genes on the BMSC stemness in vitro, experimental approaches involving loss and gain of function were implemented. These approaches encompassed the modulation of FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels via small interfering RNA and overexpression plasmids. Furthermore, we examined their influence on the proliferation and differentiation capacities of BMSCs, along with the expression of stemness markers, including octamer-binding transcription factor 4, Nanog homeobox, and sex determining region Y-box 2. Transcriptomic analyzes successfully identified FGF2 and ITGA2 as pivotal genes responsible for regulating the stemness of BMSCs. Subsequent single-cell sequencing revealed that elevated FGF2 and ITGA2 expression levels within specific stem cell subpopulations are closely associated with stemness maintenance. Moreover, additional in vitro experiments have convincingly demonstrated that FGF2 effectively enhances the BMSC stemness by upregulating ITGA2 expression, a process mediated by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. This conclusion was supported by the observed upregulation of stemness markers following the induction of FGF2 and ITGA2. Moreover, administration of the BEZ235 pathway inhibitor resulted in the repression of stemness transcription factors, suggesting the substantial involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway in stemness preservation facilitated by FGF2 and ITGA2. This study elucidates the involvement of FGF2 in augmenting BMSC stemness by modulating ITGA2 and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. These findings offer valuable contributions to stem cell biology and emphasize the potential of manipulating FGF2 and ITGA2 to optimize BMSCs for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizhou Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhenxin Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Quanxiang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiayu Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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2
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Deng M, Odhiambo WO, Qin M, To TT, Brewer GM, Kheshvadjian AR, Cheng C, Agak GW. Analysis of intracellular communication reveals consistent gene changes associated with early-stage acne skin. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:400. [PMID: 39143467 PMCID: PMC11325718 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS). Using CellChat, we constructed an atlas of signaling pathways for the HSS, identifying key signal distributions and cell-specific genes within individual clusters. Further, our comparative analysis revealed changes in 49 signaling pathways across all cell clusters in the LSS- 4 exhibited decreased activity, whereas 45 were upregulated, suggesting that acne significantly alters cellular dynamics. We identified ten molecules, including GRN, IL-13RA1 and SDC1 that were consistently altered in all donors. Subsequently, we focused on the function of GRN and IL-13RA1 in TREM2 macrophages and keratinocytes as these cells participate in inflammation and hyperkeratinization in the early stages of acne development. We evaluated their function in TREM2 macrophages and the HaCaT cell line. We found that GRN increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, CCL5, and CXCL2 in TREM2 macrophages. Additionally, the activation of IL-13RA1 by IL-13 in HaCaT cells promoted the dysregulation of genes associated with hyperkeratinization, including KRT17, KRT16, and FLG. These findings suggest that modulating the GRN-SORT1 and IL-13-IL-13RA1 signaling pathways could be a promising approach for developing new acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Deng
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Woodvine O Odhiambo
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Min Qin
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thao Tam To
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gregory M Brewer
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Alexander R Kheshvadjian
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Carol Cheng
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - George W Agak
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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3
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Chen M, Liang H, Wu M, Ge H, Ma Y, Shen Y, Lu S, Shen C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Tang L. Fgf9 regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance in osteoporosis by PI3K/AKT/Hippo and MEK/ERK signaling. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:3461-3479. [PMID: 38993574 PMCID: PMC11234224 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.94863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone-fat balance is crucial to maintain bone homeostasis. As common progenitor cells of osteoblasts and adipocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are delicately balanced for their differentiation commitment. However, the exact mechanisms governing BMSC cell fate are unclear. In this study, we discovered that fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), a cytokine expressed in the bone marrow niche, controlled bone-fat balance by influencing the cell fate of BMSCs. Histomorphology and cytodifferentiation analysis showed that Fgf9 loss-of-function mutation (S99N) notably inhibited bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) formation and alleviated ovariectomy-induced bone loss and BMAT accumulation in adult mice. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that Fgf9 altered the differentiation potential of BMSCs, shifting from osteogenesis to adipogenesis at the early stages of cell commitment. Transcriptomic and gene expression analyses demonstrated that FGF9 upregulated the expression of adipogenic genes while downregulating osteogenic gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that FGF9, through FGFR1, promoted adipogenic gene expression via PI3K/AKT/Hippo pathways and inhibited osteogenic gene expression via MAPK/ERK pathway. This study underscores the crucial role of Fgf9 as a cytokine regulating the bone-fat balance in adult bone, suggesting that FGF9 is a potentially therapeutic target in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Min Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Haoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shunyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chunling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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4
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Deng M, Odhiambo WO, Qin M, To TT, Brewer GM, Kheshvadjian AR, Cheng C, Agak GW. Analysis of Intracellular Communication Reveals Consistent Gene Changes Associated with Early-Stage Acne Skin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4402048. [PMID: 38854033 PMCID: PMC11160929 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4402048/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the intricate cellular and molecular changes governing the complex interactions between cells within acne lesions is currently lacking. Herein, we analyzed early papules from six subjects with active acne vulgaris, utilizing single-cell and high-resolution spatial RNA sequencing. We observed significant changes in signaling pathways across seven different cell types when comparing lesional skin samples (LSS) to healthy skin samples (HSS). Using CellChat, we constructed an atlas of signaling pathways for the HSS, identifying key signal distributions and cell-specific genes within individual clusters. Further, our comparative analysis revealed changes in 49 signaling pathways across all cell clusters in the LSS- 4 exhibited decreased activity, whereas 45 were upregulated, suggesting that acne significantly alters cellular dynamics. We identified ten molecules, including GRN, IL-13RA1 and SDC1 that were consistently altered in all donors. Subsequently, we focused on the function of GRN and IL-13RA1 in TREM2 macrophages and keratinocytes as these cells participate in inflammation and hyperkeratinization in the early stages of acne development. We evaluated their function in TREM2 macrophages and the HaCaT cell line. We found that GRN increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-18, CCL5, and CXCL2 in TREM2 macrophages. Additionally, the activation of IL-13RA1 by IL-13 in HaCaT cells promoted the dysregulation of genes associated with hyperkeratinization, including KRT17, KRT16, and FLG. These findings suggest that modulating the GRN-SORT1 and IL-13-IL-13RA1 signaling pathways could be a promising approach for developing new acne treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Qin
- University of California (UCLA)
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5
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Cheng MF, Abdullah FS, Buechler MB. Essential growth factor receptors for fibroblast homeostasis and activation: Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR), Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor (PDGFR), and Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor (TGFβR). F1000Res 2024; 13:120. [PMID: 38988879 PMCID: PMC11234085 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143514.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are cells of mesenchymal origin that are found throughout the body. While these cells have several functions, their integral roles include maintaining tissue architecture through the production of key extracellular matrix components, and participation in wound healing after injury. Fibroblasts are also key mediators in disease progression during fibrosis, cancer, and other inflammatory diseases. Under these perturbed states, fibroblasts can activate into inflammatory fibroblasts or contractile myofibroblasts. Fibroblasts require various growth factors and mitogenic molecules for survival, proliferation, and differentiation. While the activity of mitogenic growth factors on fibroblasts in vitro was characterized as early as the 1970s, the proliferation and differentiation effects of growth factors on these cells in vivo are unclear. Recent work exploring the heterogeneity of fibroblasts raises questions as to whether all fibroblast cell states exhibit the same growth factor requirements. Here, we will examine and review existing studies on the influence of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), and transforming growth factor β receptor (TGFβR) on fibroblast cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maye F. Cheng
- Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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6
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Ci M, Zhao G, Li C, Liu R, Hu X, Pan J, Shen Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Zhang L, Liang P, Cui H. OTUD4 promotes the progression of glioblastoma by deubiquitinating CDK1 and activating MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:179. [PMID: 38429268 PMCID: PMC10907623 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, IDH-Wild type (GBM, CNS WHO Grade 4) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with high morbidity, high mortality, and poor patient prognosis. The global burden of GBM is increasing notably due to limited treatment options, drug delivery problems, and the lack of characteristic molecular targets. OTU deubiquitinase 4 (OTUD4) is a potential predictive factor for several cancers such as breast cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. However, its function in GBM remains unknown. In this study, we found that high expression of OTUD4 is positively associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Moreover, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that OTUD4 promotes the proliferation and invasion of GBM cells. Mechanism studies showed that, on the one hand, OTUD4 directly interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and stabilizes CDK1 by removing its K11, K29, and K33-linked polyubiquitination. On the other hand, OTUD4 binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and reduces FGFR1's K6 and K27-linked polyubiquitination, thereby indirectly stabilizing CDK1, ultimately influencing the activation of the downstream MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, our results revealed that OTUD4 promotes GBM progression via OTUD4-CDK1-MAPK axis, and may be a prospective therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Gaichao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Jun Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of HeBei Medical University, Hebei, 050000, China.
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, 401329, China.
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7
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Liu X, Rossio V, Mirzaei M, Cornish J, Paulo JA, Haynes PA. Proteome-Wide Profiling Using Sample Multiplexing of a Human Cell Line Treated with Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Proteomes 2023; 11:36. [PMID: 37987316 PMCID: PMC10661330 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis has been used historically for both medicinal and recreational purposes, with the most notable cannabinoids being cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although their therapeutic effects have been well studied and their recreational use is highly debated, the underlying mechanisms of their biological effects remain poorly defined. In this study, we use isobaric tag-based sample multiplexed proteome profiling to investigate protein abundance differences in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line treated with CBD and THC. We identified significantly regulated proteins by each treatment and performed a pathway classification and associated protein-protein interaction analysis. Our findings suggest that these treatments may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. These data can potentially be interrogated further to investigate the potential role of CBD and THC in various biological and disease contexts, providing a foundation for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- ProGene Technologies Pty Ltd., Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (V.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Valentina Rossio
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; (V.G.); (M.M.)
| | - Jennifer Cornish
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia;
| | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (X.L.); (V.R.); (J.A.P.)
| | - Paul A. Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
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8
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Morales-Guadarrama G, Méndez-Pérez EA, García-Quiroz J, Avila E, Larrea F, Díaz L. AZD4547 and calcitriol synergistically inhibited BT-474 cell proliferation while modified stemness and tumorsphere formation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 223:106132. [PMID: 35659529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) overamplification/activation in cancer leads to increased cell proliferation. AZD4547, a FGFR selective inhibitor, hinders breast cancer cells growth. Although luminal B breast tumors may respond to chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, this subtype is associated with poor prognosis, inadequate response and/or acquired drug resistance. Calcitriol, the vitamin D most active metabolite, exerts anti-neoplastic effects and enhances chemotherapeutic drugs activity. In this study, we sought to decrease the concentration of AZD4547 needed to inhibit the luminal-B breast cancer cell line BT-474 proliferation by its combination with calcitriol. Anti-proliferative inhibitory concentrations, combination index and dose-reduction index were analyzed from Sulforhodamine B assays. Western blot and qPCR were used to study FGFR molecular targets. The compound's ability to inhibit BT-474 cells tumorigenic capacity was assessed by tumorspheres formation. Results: BT-474 cells were dose-dependently growth-inhibited by calcitriol and AZD4547 (IC50 = 2.9 nM and 3.08 μM, respectively). Calcitriol at 1 nM synergistically improved AZD4547 antiproliferative effects, allowing a 2-fold AZD4547 dose-reduction. Mechanistically, AZD4547 downregulated p-FGFR1, p-Akt and tumorsphere formation. Calcitriol also decreased tumorspheres, while induced cell differentiation. Both compounds inhibited MYC and CCND1 expression, as well as ALDH, a stemness marker that positively correlated with FGFR1 and negatively with VDR expression in breast cancer transcriptomic data. In conclusion, the drugs impaired self-aggregation capacity, reduced stemness features, induced cell-differentiation and when combined, synergistically inhibited cell proliferation. Overall, our results suggest that calcitriol, at low pharmacological doses, may be a suitable candidate to synergize AZD4547 effects in luminal B breast tumors, allowing to reduce dose and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Morales-Guadarrama
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Edgar A Méndez-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Janice García-Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Euclides Avila
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Lorenza Díaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Dr. Carlos Gual Castro, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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9
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Yuan TJ, Xu XH, Zhou N, Yan G, Gu TW, Peng LH. Phytochemicals as new therapeutic candidates simultaneously stimulate proliferation and counteract senescence of stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113170. [PMID: 35676782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for regenerative therapy. However, the research and clinical application of MSCs are greatly hindered by the limited cells proliferation and replicative senescence. Therapeutic agents that can both enhance the proliferative ability and decrease the replicative senescence of MSCs are greatly needed, however, not been reported yet. Herein, for the first time, we identified 11 natural compounds from medicinal plants with both excellent proliferative and anti-senescence abilities in MSCs. The qPCR analysis indicated underlying mechanisms associated with fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor, Wnt/β-catenin and leukemia-induced factor in proliferation; the reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial dysfunction autophagy and proteostasis are involved in cells senescence-related mechanism. Phytochemicals are demonstrated as novel therapeutic candidates with promising effects in both stimulating proliferation and retarding replicative senescence of stem cells with high safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Jun Yuan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xue-Han Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ge Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ting-Wei Gu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
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10
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Zhang Y, Ling L, Ajay D/O Ajayakumar A, Eio YM, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. FGFR2 accommodates osteogenic cell fate determination in human mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2022; 818:146199. [PMID: 35093449 PMCID: PMC9256080 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The multilineage differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) underpins their clinical utility for tissue regeneration. Control of such cell-fate decisions is tightly regulated by different growth factors/cytokines and their cognate receptors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are among such factors critical for osteogenesis. However, how FGF receptors (FGFRs) help to orchestrate osteogenic progression remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we studied the protein levels of FGFRs during osteogenesis in human adult bone marrow-derived MSCs and discovered a positive correlation between FGFR2 expression and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, an early marker of osteogenesis. Through RNA interference studies, we confirmed the role of FGFR2 in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Knockdown of FGFR2 resulted in downregulation of pro-osteogenic genes and upregulation of pro-adipogenic genes and adipogenic commitment. Moreover, under osteogenic induction, FGFR2 knockdown resulted in upregulation of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), an epigenetic enzyme that regulates MSC lineage commitment and suppresses osteogenesis. Lastly, we show that serial-passaged hMSCs have reduced FGFR2 expression and impaired osteogenic potential. Our study suggests that FGFR2 is critical for mediating osteogenic fate by regulating the balance of osteo-adipogenic lineage commitment. Therefore, examining FGFR2 levels during serial-passaging of hMSCs may prove useful for monitoring their multipotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Arya Ajay D/O Ajayakumar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Yating Michelle Eio
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, 636921, Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138673, Singapore; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 119288, Singapore.
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11
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12
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Wang G, Wan L, Zhang L, Yan C, Zhang Y. MicroRNA-133a Regulates the Viability and Differentiation Fate of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells via MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway by Targeting FGFR1. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1112-1123. [PMID: 34165368 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is recognized critical in bone deteriorations of osteoporosis. However, the specific mechanisms that determine the fate of BMSCs remain elusive. MicroRNA-133a (miR-133a), a highly conserved microRNA, was investigated under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the in vitro study, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and osteoblast/adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs as a result of overexpression or knockdown of miR-133a was investigated. In the in vivo study, the ovariectomy (OVX) model was applied on mice, with further treatment of the models with BMSC-specific miR-133a antagomir through femur intramedullary injection. Microcomputed tomography scanning and histological analysis of the proximal and middle femur were performed to evaluate the morphological changes. The results revealed that overexpression of miR-133a suppressed cell proliferation, cell viability, and osteoblast differentiation of BMSCs, but increased adipocyte differentiation. We also found that FGFR1, an important upstream regulator of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signal pathway, was a major target of miR-133a. We also recorded that BMSC-specific knockdown of miR-133a attenuates bone loss in OVX mice. Our study suggested that miR-133a played an important role in maintaining the viability and balance between osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs through the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway by targeting FGFR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lifu Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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13
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Wang G, Wang F, Zhang L, Yan C, Zhang Y. miR-133a silencing rescues glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by regulating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33781345 PMCID: PMC8008567 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is recognized as critical to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), suggesting the potential of MSC-targeting interventions for this disorder. As the miR-133a has been shown to play an important role in bone metabolism, we hypothesized that miR-133a may also be involved in GIO. METHODS In the in vitro study, we examined the effect of miR-133a antagomir on DEX-treated MSCs, including proliferation, apoptosis, osteoblast, and adipocyte differentiation, then, we explored the mechanism of these effects of miR-133a silencing through measuring the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its regulator FGFR1 via western blot and qRT-PCR. In the in vivo study, we developed a GIO rat model by injecting methylprednisolone and modulated the miR-133a expression in the femur by intramedullary injection of the miR-133a antagomir, and then micro-CT analyses and histological staining of the femurs were used to investigate the effect of miR-133a silencing on bone loss of the GIO rats. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis indicated that glucocorticoid induced high miR-133a expression in MSCs and animal models. The in vitro study showed that miR-133a antagomir significantly promoted cell proliferation, viability, and osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation in DEX-treated MSCs. Furthermore, the expression of p-ERK1/2 and FGFR1 in DEX-treated MSCs was also upregulated by miR-133a antagomir. Then we investigated the effect of miR-133a silencing on the bone architecture of GIO models, micro-CT analysis showed that miR-133a antagomir attenuated the loss of bone mass and improved the trabecular and cortical parameters induced by methylprednisolone. Histological study showed that miR-133a silencing simultaneously increased bone formation and decreased marrow fat accumulation in GIO rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that miR-133a is strongly associated with GIO and similar disorders induced by glucocorticoids in MSCs. Silencing miR-133a resulted in positive effects on GC-treated MSCs and on bone loss in GIO animal models. Moreover, the FGFR1-MAPK/ERK signaling may be involved in the protective effect of miR-133a silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China.
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14
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Actomyosin and the MRTF-SRF pathway downregulate FGFR1 in mesenchymal stromal cells. Commun Biol 2020; 3:576. [PMID: 33067523 PMCID: PMC7567845 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Both biological and mechanical signals are known to influence cell proliferation. However, biological signals are mostly studied in two-dimensions (2D) and the interplay between these different pathways is largely unstudied. Here, we investigated the influence of the cell culture environment on the response to bFGF, a widely studied and important proliferation growth factor. We observed that human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), but not fibroblasts, lose the ability to respond to soluble or covalently bound bFGF when cultured on microfibrillar substrates. This behavior correlated with a downregulation of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression of hMSCs on microfibrillar substrates. Inhibition of actomyosin or the MRTF/SRF pathway decreased FGFR1 expression in hMSCs, fibroblasts and MG63 cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time FGFR1 expression is shown to be regulated through a mechanosensitive pathway in hMSCs. These results add to the sparse literature on FGFR1 regulation and potentially aid designing tissue engineering constructs that better control cell proliferation.
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15
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Shakya A, Imado E, Nguyen PK, Matsuyama T, Horimoto K, Hirata I, Kato K. Oriented immobilization of basic fibroblast growth factor: Bioengineered surface design for the expansion of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8762. [PMID: 32472000 PMCID: PMC7260242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
E. coli expressed recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) with histidine-tag (bFGF-His) was immobilized onto the surface of a glass plate modified with a Ni(II)-chelated alkanethiol monolayer. The immobilization is expected to take place through the coordination between Ni(II) and His-tag. The bFGF-immobilized surface was exposed to citrate buffer solution to refold in situ the surface-immobilized bFGF. The secondary structure of immobilized bFGF-His was analyzed by solid-phase circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the bFGF-His-immobilized surface to examine their proliferation. CD spectroscopy revealed that the immobilized bFGF initially exhibited secondary structure rich in α-helix and that the spectrum was gradually transformed to exhibit the formation of β-strands upon exposure to citrate buffer solution, approaching to the spectrum of native bFGF. The rate of hMSC proliferation was 1.2-fold higher on the bFGF-immobilized surface treated with in situ citrate buffer, compared to the polystyrene surface. The immobilized bFGF-His treated in situ with citrate buffer solution seemed to be biologically active because its secondary structure approached its native state. This was well demonstrated by the cell culture experiments. From these results we conclude that immobilization of bFGF on the culture substrate serves to enhance proliferation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Shakya
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eiji Imado
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Phuong Kim Nguyen
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Tamamo Matsuyama
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Horimoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Isao Hirata
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Biomaterials, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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16
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Su X, Jing H, Yu W, Lei F, Wang R, Hu C, Li M, Lin T, Zhou H, Wang F, Liao L. A bone matrix-simulating scaffold to alleviate replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells during long-term expansion. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1955-1967. [PMID: 32323459 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Replicative senescence during in vitro augmentation, which is mostly induced by the loss of physiological microenvironment, hinders the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the clinic. Here, we investigated whether MSCs senescence could be prevented by bio-scaffold mimicking the natural tissue matrix. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) exhibited a senescent phenotype during a long-term passage in the conventional culture dish. To fabricate the bone matrix, a naturally based matrix composed of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan/poly lactide-co-glycolide (nHA/CS/PLGA) was produced. Long-term passage resulted in an obvious increase in the expression of senescence markers and a reduction in the expression of master genes involved in tissue regeneration. Functional assay confirmed that nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold preserved the proliferation and differentiation of hUCMSCs even after being passaged 27 times. Moreover, in vivo ectopic bone formation assay revealed that the bone formation of hUCMSCs cultured on the nano-scaffolds for the long term was as robust as the cells in the early passage. In summary, our results demonstrate that nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold effectively preserves the stemness and youth of hUCMSCs in the long-term passage. Taken advantage of its compatibility and bioactivity, nHA/CS/PLGA scaffold is of great potential in large-scale expansion of MSCs for stem cell therapy and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Stomatology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenting Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fengzhen Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mujia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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Cheng Y, Lin K, Young T, Cheng N. The influence of fibroblast growth factor 2 on the senescence of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells during long-term culture. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:518-530. [PMID: 31840944 PMCID: PMC7103622 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) exhibit great potential in regenerative medicine, and in vitro expansion is frequently necessary to obtain a sufficient number of ASCs for clinical use. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a common supplement in the ASC culture medium to enhance cell proliferation. To achieve clinical applicability of ASC-based products, prolonged culture of ASCs is sometimes required to obtain sufficient quantity of ASCs. However, the effect of FGF2 on ASCs during prolonged culture has not been previously determined. In this study, ASCs were subjected to prolonged in vitro culture with or without FGF2. FGF2 maintained the small cell morphology and expedited proliferation kinetics in early ASC passages. After prolonged in vitro expansion, FGF2-treated ASCs exhibited increased cell size, arrested cell proliferation, and increased cellular senescence relative to the control ASCs. We observed an upregulation of FGFR1c and enhanced expression of downstream STAT3 in the initial passages of FGF2-treated ASCs. The application of an FGFR1 or STAT3 inhibitor effectively blocked the enhanced proliferation of ASCs induced by FGF2 treatment. FGFR1c upregulation and enhanced STAT3 expression were lost in the later passages of FGF2-treated ASCs, suggesting that the continuous stimulation of FGF2 becomes ineffective because of the refractory downstream FGFR1 and the STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, no evidence of tumorigenicity was noted in vitro and in vivo after prolonged expansion of FGF2-cultured ASCs. Our data indicate that ASCs have evolved a STAT3-dependent response to continuous FGF2 stimulation which promotes the initial expansion but limits their long-term proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Kai‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Tai‐Horng Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Nai‐Chen Cheng
- Department of SurgeryNational Taiwan University Hospital and College of MedicineTaipeiTaiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative MedicineNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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18
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Roman J, Taylor NA, Oza VS, Kim RH. Nevus psiloliparus: Newly described histopathological features from transverse sections. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:633-637. [PMID: 32034785 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nevus psiloliparus is a rare fatty tissue nevus that is a marker for encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, a neurocutaneous syndrome with ocular and central nervous system anomalies. Clinically, nevus psiloliparus is often described as a congenital alopecia and appears as an irregularly shaped, circumscribed area of alopecia on the scalp. Histopathology demonstrates a near-complete absence of mature hair follicles with preservation of arrector pili muscles and mature adipocytes within the dermis. The pathogenesis of nevus psiloliparus may be related to mosaic mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptor 1. Herein we report the histopathological features of a nevus psiloliparus in an 11-year-old girl diagnosed from transverse sections, which show "shadow" follicular units characterized by columns of loosely arranged collagen and a relative paucity of elastic fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Roman
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Nicholas A Taylor
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Vikash S Oza
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Randie H Kim
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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19
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Castilla-Casadiego DA, Reyes-Ramos AM, Domenech M, Almodovar J. Effects of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Stimulus on h-MSC Expansion and Their Functional Characteristics. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 48:519-535. [PMID: 31705365 PMCID: PMC6952531 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human adult mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (h-MSC) therapy has gained considerable attention due to the potential to treat or cure diseases given their immunosuppressive properties and tissue regeneration capabilities. Researchers have explored diverse strategies to promote high h-MSC production without losing functional characteristics or properties. Physical stimulus including stiffness, geometry, and topography, chemical stimulus, like varying the surface chemistry, and biochemical stimuli such as cytokines, hormones, small molecules, and herbal extracts have been studied but have yet to be translated to industrial manufacturing practice. In this review, we describe the role of those stimuli on h-MSC manufacturing, and how these stimuli positively promote h-MSC properties, impacting the cell manufacturing field for cell-based therapies. In addition, we discuss other process considerations such as bioreactor design, good manufacturing practice, and the importance of the cell donor and ethics factors for manufacturing potent h-MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Castilla-Casadiego
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Ana M Reyes-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Maribella Domenech
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, Call Box 9000, Mayagüez, PR, 00681-9000, USA
| | - Jorge Almodovar
- Ralph E. Martin Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3202 Bell Engineering Center, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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20
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Chang MC, Chen CY, Chang YC, Zhong BH, Wang YL, Yeung SY, Chang HH, Jeng JH. Effect of bFGF on the growth and matrix turnover of stem cells from human apical papilla: Role of MEK/ERK signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1666-1672. [PMID: 31932202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) exhibits multiple biological functions in various tissues. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP) can be isolated from human apical papilla tissues in developmental teeth of children. The purposes of this study were to investigate the expression of FGF receptors (FGFRs) and the effects of bFGF on SCAP and related MEK/ERK signaling. METHODS SCAP cells were treated under different concentrations of bFGF with or without U0126 (an inhibitor of MEK/ERK). Expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 in SCAP was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expressions of type I collagen, cdc 2, cyclin B1, TIMP-1 and p-ERK proteins were examined by Western blot. RESULTS SCAP cells expressed FGFR1 and FGFR2. Exposure of SCAP to bFGF enhanced cell proliferation, and the expression cyclinB1, cdc 2, and TIMP-1, but not type I collagen. U0126 pretreatment and co-incubation attenuated the bFGF-induced proliferation, cdc2, cyclin B1 and TIMP-1 proteins' expression, but not type I collagen in SCAP. CONCLUSION SCAP cells express FGFRs. bFGF may stimulate proliferation and affect the matrix turnover of SCAP cells, possibly via stimulation of FGFRs and MEK/ERK signaling pathway. These results are useful for clinical therapies for apexogenesis and regeneration of pulpo-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chi Chang
- Biomedical Science Team, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Chang
- Department of Dentistry, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Hao Zhong
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yuet Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Hua Chang
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jiiang-Huei Jeng
- School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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D'Costa S, Rich MJ, Diekman BO. Engineered Cartilage from Human Chondrocytes with Homozygous Knockout of Cell Cycle Inhibitor p21. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 26:441-449. [PMID: 31642391 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent disease with limited treatment options. The search for disease-modifying OA therapies would benefit from a more comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variants that contribute to chondrocyte dysfunction and the barriers to cartilage regeneration. One goal of this study was to establish a system for producing engineered cartilage tissue from genetically defined primary human chondrocytes through genome editing and single-cell expansion. This process was utilized to investigate the functional effect of biallelic knockout of the cell cycle inhibitor p21. The use of ribonucleoprotein (RNP) CRISPR/Cas9 complexes targeting two sites in the coding region of p21 resulted in a high frequency (16%) of colonies with homozygous p21 knockout. Chondrogenic pellet cultures from expanded chondrocytes with complete loss of p21 produced more glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and maintained a higher cell number. Single-cell-derived colonies retained the potential for robust matrix production after expansion, allowing for analysis of colony variability from the same population of targeted cells. The effect of enhanced cartilage matrix production in p21 knockout chondrocytes persisted when matrix production from individual colonies was analyzed. Chondrocytes had lower levels of p21 protein with further expansion, and the difference in GAG production with p21 knockout was strongest at early passages. These results support previous findings that implicate p21 as a barrier to cartilage matrix production and regenerative capacity. Furthermore, this work establishes the use of genome-edited human chondrocytes as a promising approach for engineered tissue models containing user-defined gene knockouts and other genetic variants for investigation of OA pathogenesis. Impact Statement This work provides two important advances to the field of tissue engineering. One is the demonstration that engineered cartilage tissue can be produced from genetically defined populations of primary human chondrocytes. While CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing has been extensively used in cell lines that divide indefinitely, this work extends the technique to an engineered tissue model system to support investigation of genetic changes that affect cartilage production. A second contribution is the finding that chondrocytes with p21 knockout synthesized more cartilage matrix tissue than unedited controls. This supports the continued investigation of p21 as a potential barrier to effective cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D'Costa
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Matthew J Rich
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Brian O Diekman
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Savchenko E, Teku GN, Boza-Serrano A, Russ K, Berns M, Deierborg T, Lamas NJ, Wichterle H, Rothstein J, Henderson CE, Vihinen M, Roybon L. FGF family members differentially regulate maturation and proliferation of stem cell-derived astrocytes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9610. [PMID: 31270389 PMCID: PMC6610107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) is upregulated during astrocyte development and maturation in vivo and is vital for astrocyte function. Yet it is expressed at low levels by most cultured astrocytes. We previously showed that maturation of human and mouse stem cell-derived astrocytes – including functional glutamate uptake – could be enhanced by fibroblast growth factor (FGF)1 or FGF2. Here, we examined the specificity and mechanism of action of FGF2 and other FGF family members, as well as neurotrophic and differentiation factors, on mouse embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes. We found that some FGFs – including FGF2, strongly increased GLT1 expression and enhanced astrocyte proliferation, while others (FGF16 and FGF18) mainly affected maturation. Interestingly, BMP4 increased astrocytic GFAP expression, and BMP4-treated astrocytes failed to promote the survival of motor neurons in vitro. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that FGF2 treatment regulated multiple genes linked to cell division, and that the mRNA encoding GLT1 was one of the most strongly upregulated of all astrocyte canonical markers. Since GLT1 is expressed at reduced levels in many neurodegenerative diseases, activation of this pathway is of potential therapeutic interest. Furthermore, treatment with FGFs provides a robust means for expansion of functionally mature stem cell-derived astrocytes for preclinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Savchenko
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gabriel N Teku
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B11, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaspar Russ
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Manon Berns
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B11, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nuno J Lamas
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, and ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Anatomic Pathology Service, Pathology Department, Hospital and University Center of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hynek Wichterle
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neurology, and Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey Rothstein
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christopher E Henderson
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Columbia Translational Neuroscience Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Neurology, and Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Project A.L.S./Jenifer Estess Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Target ALS Foundation, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Biogen Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, BMC B13, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Laurent Roybon
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden. .,MultiPark and Lund Stem Cell Center, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, SE-22184, Lund, Sweden.
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23
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Piechowski J. Plausibility of trophoblastic-like regulation of cancer tissue. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5033-5046. [PMID: 31213916 PMCID: PMC6549421 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s190932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thus far, a well-established logical pattern of malignancy does not exist. The current approach to cancer properties is primarily descriptive with usually, for each of them, extensive analyses of the underlying associated biomolecular mechanisms. However, this remains a catalog and it would be valuable to determine the organizational chart that could account for their implementation, hierarchical links and input into tumor regulation. Hypothesis: Striking phenotypic similarities exist between trophoblast (invasive and expanding early placenta) and cancer regarding cell functions, logistics of development, means of protection and capacity to hold sway over the host organism. The concept of cancer cell trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation appears to be a rational proposal in an attempt to explain this analogy and provide a consistent insight into how cancer cells are functioning. Should this concept be validated, it could pave the way to promising research and therapeutic perspectives given that the trophoblastic properties are vital for the tumor while they are permanently epigenetically turned off in normal cells. Specifically targeting expression of the trophoblastic master genes could thereby be envisaged to jeopardize the tumor and its metastases without, in principle, inducing adverse side effects in the healthy tissues. Conclusion: A wide set of functional features of cancer tissue regulation, including some apparently paradoxical facts, was reviewed. Cancer cell misuse of physiological trophoblastic functions can clearly account for them, which identifies trophoblastic-like transdifferentiation as a likely key component of malignancy and makes it a potential relevant anticancer target.
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24
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Assadollahi V, Hassanzadeh K, Abdi M, Alasvand M, Nasseri S, Fathi F. Effect of embryo cryopreservation on derivation efficiency, pluripotency, and differentiation capacity of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21962-21972. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Assadollahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Masoud Alasvand
- Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Sherko Nasseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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25
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Melnik S, Werth N, Boeuf S, Hahn EM, Gotterbarm T, Anton M, Richter W. Impact of c-MYC expression on proliferation, differentiation, and risk of neoplastic transformation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:73. [PMID: 30836996 PMCID: PMC6402108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells isolated from bone marrow (MSC) represent an attractive source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, thorough research is required into their clinical application safety issues concerning a risk of potential neoplastic degeneration in a process of MSC propagation in cell culture for therapeutic applications. Expansion protocols could preselect MSC with elevated levels of growth-promoting transcription factors with oncogenic potential, such as c-MYC. We addressed the question whether c-MYC expression affects the growth and differentiation potential of human MSC upon extensive passaging in cell culture and assessed a risk of tumorigenic transformation caused by MSC overexpressing c-MYC in vivo. METHODS MSC were subjected to retroviral transduction to induce expression of c-MYC, or GFP, as a control. Cells were expanded, and effects of c-MYC overexpression on osteogenesis, adipogenesis, and chondrogenesis were monitored. Ectopic bone formation properties were tested in SCID mice. A potential risk of tumorigenesis imposed by MSC with c-MYC overexpression was evaluated. RESULTS C-MYC levels accumulated during ex vivo passaging, and overexpression enabled the transformed MSC to significantly overgrow competing control cells in culture. C-MYC-MSC acquired enhanced biological functions of c-MYC: its increased DNA-binding activity, elevated expression of the c-MYC-binding partner MAX, and induction of antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A. Overexpression of c-MYC stimulated MSC proliferation and reduced osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. Surprisingly, c-MYC overexpression also caused an increased COL10A1/COL2A1 expression ratio upon chondrogenesis, suggesting a role in hypertrophic degeneration. However, the in vivo ectopic bone formation ability of c-MYC-transduced MSC remained comparable to control GFP-MSC. There was no indication of tumor growth in any tissue after transplantation of c-MYC-MSC in mice. CONCLUSIONS C-MYC expression promoted high proliferation rates of MSC, attenuated but not abrogated their differentiation capacity, and did not immediately lead to tumor formation in the tested in vivo mouse model. However, upregulation of MYC antagonists P19ARF/P16INK4A promoting apoptosis and senescence, as well as an observed shift towards a hypertrophic collagen phenotype and cartilage degeneration, point to lack of safety for clinical application of MSC that were manipulated to overexpress c-MYC for their better expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Melnik
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Werth
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephane Boeuf
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Hahn
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Gotterbarm
- Department of Orthopedics, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Martina Anton
- Institutes of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wiltrud Richter
- Research Center for Experimental Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Paraplegiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Lee EJ, Kim M, Kim YD, Chung MJ, Elfadl A, Ulah HMA, Park D, Lee S, Park HS, Kim TH, Hwang D, Jeong KS. Establishment of stably expandable induced myogenic stem cells by four transcription factors. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1092. [PMID: 30361642 PMCID: PMC6202407 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1114-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Life-long regeneration of healthy muscle by cell transplantation is an ideal therapy for patients with degenerative muscle diseases. Yet, obtaining muscle stem cells from patients is very limited due to their exhaustion in disease condition. Thus, development of a method to obtain healthy myogenic stem cells is required. Here, we showed that the four transcription factors, Six1, Eya1, Esrrb, and Pax3, converts fibroblasts into induced myogenic stem cells (iMSCs). The iMSCs showed effective differentiation into multinucleated myotubes and also higher proliferation capacity than muscle derived stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. The iMSCs do not lose their proliferation capacity though the passaging number is increased. We further isolated CD106-negative and α7-integrin-positive iMSCs (sort-iMSCs) showing higher myogenic differentiation capacity than iMSCs. Moreover, genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of iMSCs and sort-iMSCs, followed by network analysis, revealed the genes and signaling pathways associated with enhanced proliferation and differentiation capacity of iMSCs and sort-iMSCs, respectively. The stably expandable iMSCs provide a new source for drug screening and muscle regenerative therapy for muscle wasting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyung Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Deuk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Chung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed Elfadl
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H M Arif Ulah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Center for Skeletal Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sunray Lee
- Cell Engineering for Origin Research Center 45-13, Ujeongguk-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03150, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Park
- Cell Engineering for Origin Research Center 45-13, Ujeongguk-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03150, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.,Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea. .,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Assadollahi V, Fathi F, Abdi M, Khadem Erfan MB, Soleimani F, Banafshi O. Increasing maternal age of blastocyst affects on efficient derivation and behavior of mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3716-3726. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Assadollahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | - Mohamad Bager Khadem Erfan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
| | | | - Omid Banafshi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences Sanandaj Iran
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28
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Ruvolo PP, Ruvolo VR, Burks JK, Qiu Y, Wang RY, Shpall EJ, Mirandola L, Hail N, Zeng Z, McQueen T, Daver N, Post SM, Chiriva-Internati M, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M. Role of MSC-derived galectin 3 in the AML microenvironment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:959-969. [PMID: 29655803 PMCID: PMC5936474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), high Galectin 3 (LGALS3) expression is associated with poor prognosis. The role of LGALS3 derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) in the AML microenvironment is unclear; however, we have recently found high LGALS3 expression in MSC derived from AML patients is associated with relapse. In this study, we used reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA) to correlate LGALS3 expression in AML MSC with 119 other proteins including variants of these proteins such as phosphorylated forms or cleaved forms to identify biologically relevant pathways. RPPA revealed that LGALS3 protein was positively correlated with expression of thirteen proteins including MYC, phosphorylated beta-Catenin (p-CTNNB1), and AKT2 and negatively correlated with expression of six proteins including integrin beta 3 (ITGB3). String analysis revealed that proteins positively correlated with LGALS3 showed strong interconnectivity. Consistent with the RPPA results, LGALS3 suppression by shRNA in MSC resulted in decreased MYC and AKT expression while ITGB3 was induced. In co-culture, the ability of AML cell to adhere to MSC LGALS3 shRNA transductants was reduced compared to AML cell adhesion to MSC control shRNA transductants. Finally, use of novel specific LGALS3 inhibitor CBP.001 in co-culture of AML cells with MSC reduced viable leukemia cell populations with induced apoptosis and augmented the chemotherapeutic effect of AraC. In summary, the current study demonstrates that MSC-derived LGALS3 may be critical for important biological pathways for MSC homeostasis and for regulating AML cell localization and survival in the leukemia microenvironmental niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Vivian R Ruvolo
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - YiHua Qiu
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rui-Yu Wang
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Numsen Hail
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Teresa McQueen
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean M Post
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
- Kiromic Biopharma, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Steven M Kornblau
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Section of Molecular Hematology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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29
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Boehme KA, Schleicher SB, Traub F, Rolauffs B. Chondrosarcoma: A Rare Misfortune in Aging Human Cartilage? The Role of Stem and Progenitor Cells in Proliferation, Malignant Degeneration and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010311. [PMID: 29361725 PMCID: PMC5796255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other malignant bone tumors including osteosarcomas and Ewing sarcomas with a peak incidence in adolescents and young adults, conventional and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas mainly affect people in the 4th to 7th decade of life. To date, the cell type of chondrosarcoma origin is not clearly defined. However, it seems that mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (MSPC) in the bone marrow facing a pro-proliferative as well as predominantly chondrogenic differentiation milieu, as is implicated in early stage osteoarthritis (OA) at that age, are the source of chondrosarcoma genesis. But how can MSPC become malignant? Indeed, only one person in 1,000,000 will develop a chondrosarcoma, whereas the incidence of OA is a thousandfold higher. This means a rare coincidence of factors allowing escape from senescence and apoptosis together with induction of angiogenesis and migration is needed to generate a chondrosarcoma. At early stages, chondrosarcomas are still assumed to be an intermediate type of tumor which rarely metastasizes. Unfortunately, advanced stages show a pronounced resistance both against chemo- and radiation-therapy and frequently metastasize. In this review, we elucidate signaling pathways involved in the genesis and therapeutic resistance of chondrosarcomas with a focus on MSPC compared to signaling in articular cartilage (AC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Boehme
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Sabine B Schleicher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Children's Hospital, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Frank Traub
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
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30
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Chang CC, Venø MT, Chen L, Ditzel N, Le DQS, Dillschneider P, Kassem M, Kjems J. Global MicroRNA Profiling in Human Bone Marrow Skeletal-Stromal or Mesenchymal-Stem Cells Identified Candidates for Bone Regeneration. Mol Ther 2017; 26:593-605. [PMID: 29331291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling and regeneration are highly regulated multistep processes involving posttranscriptional regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, we performed a global profiling of differentially expressed miRNAs in bone-marrow-derived skeletal cells (BMSCs; also known as stromal or mesenchymal stem cells) during in vitro osteoblast differentiation. We functionally validated the regulatory effects of several miRNAs on osteoblast differentiation and identified 15 miRNAs, most significantly miR-222 and miR-423, as regulators of osteoblastogenesis. In addition, we tested the possible targeting of miRNAs for enhancing bone tissue regeneration. Scaffolds functionalized with miRNA nano-carriers enhanced osteoblastogenesis in 3D culture and retained this ability at least 2 weeks after storage. Additionally, anti-miR-222 enhanced in vivo ectopic bone formation through targeting the cell-cycle inhibitor CDKN1B (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B). A number of additional miRNAs exerted additive osteoinductive effects on BMSC differentiation, suggesting that pools of miRNAs delivered locally from an implanted scaffold can provide a promising approach for enhanced bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Morten T Venø
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Dang Q S Le
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Philipp Dillschneider
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Laboratory (KMEB), Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark; The Danish Stem Cell Center (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
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31
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Samsonraj RM, Raghunath M, Nurcombe V, Hui JH, van Wijnen AJ, Cool SM. Concise Review: Multifaceted Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Use in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:2173-2185. [PMID: 29076267 PMCID: PMC5702523 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.17-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) hold great potential for regenerative medicine because of their ability for self-renewal and differentiation into tissue-specific cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs orchestrate tissue development, maintenance and repair, and are useful for musculoskeletal regenerative therapies to treat age-related orthopedic degenerative diseases and other clinical conditions. Importantly, MSCs produce secretory factors that play critical roles in tissue repair that support both engraftment and trophic functions (autocrine and paracrine). The development of uniform protocols for both preparation and characterization of MSCs, including standardized functional assays for evaluation of their biological potential, are critical factors contributing to their clinical utility. Quality control and release criteria for MSCs should include cell surface markers, differentiation potential, and other essential cell parameters. For example, cell surface marker profiles (surfactome), bone-forming capacities in ectopic and orthotopic models, as well as cell size and granularity, telomere length, senescence status, trophic factor secretion (secretome), and immunomodulation, should be thoroughly assessed to predict MSC utility for regenerative medicine. We propose that these and other functionalities of MSCs should be characterized prior to use in clinical applications as part of comprehensive and uniform guidelines and release criteria for their clinical-grade production to achieve predictably favorable treatment outcomes for stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:2173-2185.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah M. Samsonraj
- Glycotherapeutics GroupInstitute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Competence Center for Tissue Engineering and Substance Testing (TEDD)Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology, ZHAW School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied SciencesSwitzerland
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Glycotherapeutics GroupInstitute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
| | - James H. Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | | | - Simon M. Cool
- Glycotherapeutics GroupInstitute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore
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32
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Titmarsh DM, Tan CLL, Glass NR, Nurcombe V, Cooper-White JJ, Cool SM. Microfluidic Screening Reveals Heparan Sulfate Enhances Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Growth by Modulating Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Transport. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1178-1190. [PMID: 28205415 PMCID: PMC5442852 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost‐effective expansion of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) remains a key challenge for their widespread clinical deployment. Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) is a key hMSC mitogen often supplemented to increase hMSC growth rates. However, hMSCs also produce endogenous FGF‐2, which critically interacts with cell surface heparan sulfate (HS). We assessed the interplay of FGF‐2 with a heparan sulfate variant (HS8) engineered to bind FGF‐2 and potentiate its activity. Bone marrow‐derived hMSCs were screened in perfused microbioreactor arrays (MBAs), showing that HS8 (50 μg/ml) increased hMSC proliferation and cell number after 3 days, with an effect equivalent to FGF‐2 (50 ng/ml). In combination, the effects of HS8 and FGF‐2 were additive. Differential cell responses, from upstream to downstream culture chambers under constant flow of media in the MBA, provided insights into modulation of FGF‐2 transport by HS8. HS8 treatment induced proliferation mainly in the downstream chambers, suggesting a requirement for endogenous FGF‐2 accumulation, whereas responses to FGF‐2 occurred primarily in the upstream chambers. Adding HS8 along with FGF‐2, however, maximized the range of FGF‐2 effectiveness. Measurements of FGF‐2 in static cultures then revealed that this was because HS8 caused increased endogenous FGF‐2 production and liberated FGF‐2 from the cell surface into the supernatant. HS8 also sustained levels of supplemented FGF‐2 available over 3 days. These results suggest HS8 enhances hMSC proliferation and expansion by leveraging endogenous FGF‐2 production and maximizing the effect of supplemented FGF‐2. This is an exciting strategy for cost‐effective expansion of hMSCs. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1178–1190
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew M Titmarsh
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Clarissa L L Tan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nick R Glass
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University-Imperial College London, Singapore
| | - Justin J Cooper-White
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology.,School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Biomedical Manufacturing, Manufacturing Flagship, CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Bai T, Liu F, Zou F, Zhao G, Jiang Y, Liu L, Shi J, Hao D, Zhang Q, Zheng T, Zhang Y, Liu M, Li S, Qi L, Liu JY. Epidermal Growth Factor Induces Proliferation of Hair Follicle-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Activation of ERK and AKT Signaling Pathways Associated with Upregulation of Cyclin D1 and Downregulation of p16. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:113-122. [PMID: 27702388 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of highly proliferative capacity and full differentiation potential is a necessary step in the initiation of stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Our recent study showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly enhanced hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cell (HF-MSC) proliferation while maintaining the multilineage differentiation potentials. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the role of EGF in HF-MSC proliferation. HF-MSCs were isolated and cultured with or without EGF. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, cytochemistry, and western blotting were used to assess proliferation, cell signaling pathways related to the EGF receptor (EGFR), and cell cycle progression. HF-MSCs exhibited surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells and displayed trilineage differentiation potentials toward adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts. EGF significantly increased HF-MSC proliferation as well as EGFR, ERK1/2, and AKT phosphorylation (p-EGFR, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, but not STAT3 phosphorylation. EGFR inhibitor (AG1478), PI3K-AKT inhibitor (LY294002), ERK inhibitor (U0126), and STAT3 inhibitor (STA-21) significantly blocked EGF-induced HF-MSC proliferation. Moreover, AG1478, LY294002, and U0126 significantly decreased p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK1/2 expression. EGF shifted HF-MSCs at the G1 phase to the S and G2 phase. Concomitantly, cyclinD1, phosphorylated Rb, and E2F1expression increased, while that of p16 decreased. In conclusion, EGF induces HF-MSC proliferation through the EGFR/ERK and AKT pathways, but not through STAT-3. The G1/S transition was stimulated by upregulation of cyclinD1 and inhibition of p16 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Bai
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Feilin Liu
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,3 Department of Ophthalmology, Second Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Fei Zou
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,4 Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- 5 Department of Pathology, Jilin Medical College , Jilin, China
| | - Yixu Jiang
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Li Liu
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Jiahong Shi
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Deshun Hao
- 1 Department of Pathobiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University , Changchun, China .,2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Tong Zheng
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Yingyao Zhang
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Shilun Li
- 6 Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Lishu County , Lishu County, China
| | - Liangchen Qi
- 7 Department of Thoracic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun, China
| | - Jin Yu Liu
- 2 Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University , Changchun, China
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34
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Liu SY, Joseph NM, Ravindranathan A, Stohr BA, Greenland NY, Vohra P, Hosfield E, Yeh I, Talevich E, Onodera C, Van Ziffle JA, Grenert JP, Bastian BC, Chen YY, Krings G. Genomic profiling of malignant phyllodes tumors reveals aberrations in FGFR1 and PI-3 kinase/RAS signaling pathways and provides insights into intratumoral heterogeneity. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:1012-27. [PMID: 27255162 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast are poorly understood rare neoplasms with potential for aggressive behavior. Few efficacious treatment options exist for progressed or metastatic disease. The molecular features of malignant phyllodes tumors are poorly defined, and a deeper understanding of the genetics of these tumors may shed light on pathogenesis and progression and potentially identify novel treatment approaches. We sequenced 510 cancer-related genes in 10 malignant phyllodes tumors, including 5 tumors with liposarcomatous differentiation and 1 with myxoid chondrosarcoma-like differentiation. Intratumoral heterogeneity was assessed by sequencing two separate areas in 7 tumors, including non-heterologous and heterologous components of tumors with heterologous differentiation. Activating hotspot mutations in FGFR1 were identified in 2 tumors. Additional recurrently mutated genes included TERT promoter (6/10), TP53 (4/10), PIK3CA (3/10), MED12 (3/10), SETD2 (2/10) and KMT2D (2/10). Together, genomic aberrations in FGFR/EGFR PI-3 kinase and RAS pathways were identified in 8 (80%) tumors and included mutually exclusive and potentially actionable activating FGFR1, PIK3CA and BRAF V600E mutations, inactivating TSC2 mutation, EGFR amplification and PTEN loss. Seven (70%) malignant phyllodes tumors harbored TERT aberrations (six promoter mutations, one amplification). For comparison, TERT promoter mutations were identified by Sanger sequencing in 33% borderline (n=12) and no (0%, n=8) benign phyllodes tumors (P=0.391 and P=0.013 vs malignant tumors, respectively). Genetic features specific to liposarcoma, including CDK4/MDM2 amplification, were not identified. Copy number analysis revealed intratumoral heterogeneity and evidence for divergent tumor evolution in malignant phyllodes tumors with and without heterologous differentiation. Tumors with liposarcomatous differentiation revealed more chromosomal aberrations in non-heterologous components compared with liposarcomatous components. EGFR amplification was heterogeneous and present only in the non-heterologous component of one tumor with liposarcomatous differentiation. The results identify novel pathways involved in the pathogenesis of malignant phyllodes tumors, which significantly increase our understanding of tumor biology and have potential clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy M Joseph
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ajay Ravindranathan
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradley A Stohr
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nancy Y Greenland
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Eric Talevich
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney Onodera
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Van Ziffle
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - James P Grenert
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yunn-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gregor Krings
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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35
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Wijesinghe SJ, Ling L, Murali S, Qing YH, Hinkley SFR, Carnachan SM, Bell TJ, Swaminathan K, Hui JH, van Wijnen AJ, Nurcombe V, Cool SM. Affinity Selection of FGF2-Binding Heparan Sulfates for Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:566-575. [PMID: 27291835 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The future of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as a successful cell therapy relies on bioprocessing strategies to improve the scalability of these cells without compromising their therapeutic ability. The culture-expansion of hMSCs can be enhanced by supplementation with growth factors, particularly fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2). The biological activity of FGF2 is controlled through interactions with heparan sulfate (HS) that facilitates ligand-receptor complex formation. We previously reported on an FGF2-interacting HS variant (termed HS2) isolated from embryonic tissue by anionic exchange chromatography that increased the proliferation and potency of hMSCs. Here, we detail the isolation of an FGF2 affinity-purified HS variant (HS8) using a scalable platform technology previously employed to generate HS variants with increased affinity for BMP-2 or VEGF165 . This process used a peptide sequence derived from the heparin-binding domain of FGF2 as a substrate to affinity-isolate HS8 from a commercially available source of porcine mucosal HS. Our data show that HS8 binds to FGF2 with higher affinity than to FGF1, FGF7, BMP2, PDGF-BB, or VEGF165 . Also, HS8 protects FGF2 from thermal destabilization and increases FGF signaling and hMSC proliferation through FGF receptor 1. Long-term supplementation of cultures with HS8 increased both hMSC numbers and their colony-forming efficiency without adversely affecting the expression of hMSC-related cell surface antigens. This strategy further exemplifies the utility of affinity-purifying HS variants against particular ligands important to the stem cell microenvironment and advocates for their addition as adjuvants for the culture-expansion of hMSCs destined for cellular therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 566-575, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sadasivam Murali
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yeong Hui Qing
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Tracey J Bell
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | | | - James H Hui
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Zheng N, Wang Z, Wei W. Ubiquitination-mediated degradation of cell cycle-related proteins by F-box proteins. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 73:99-110. [PMID: 26860958 PMCID: PMC4798898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
F-box proteins, subunits of SKP1-cullin 1-F-box protein (SCF) type of E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, have been validated to play a crucial role in governing various cellular processes such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and metastasis. Recently, a wealth of evidence has emerged that F-box proteins is critically involved in tumorigenesis in part through governing the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of cell cycle proteins, and dysregulation of this process leads to aberrant cell cycle progression and ultimately, tumorigenesis. Therefore, in this review, we describe the critical role of F-box proteins in the timely regulation of cell cycle. Moreover, we discuss how F-box proteins involve in tumorigenesis via targeting cell cycle-related proteins using biochemistry studies, engineered mouse models, and pathological gene alternations. We conclude that inhibitors of F-box proteins could have promising therapeutic potentials in part through controlling of aberrant cell cycle progression for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Zheng
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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37
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Bennett JT, Tan TY, Alcantara D, Tétrault M, Timms AE, Jensen D, Collins S, Nowaczyk MJM, Lindhurst MJ, Christensen KM, Braddock SR, Brandling-Bennett H, Hennekam RCM, Chung B, Lehman A, Su J, Ng S, Amor DJ, Majewski J, Biesecker LG, Boycott KM, Dobyns WB, O'Driscoll M, Moog U, McDonell LM. Mosaic Activating Mutations in FGFR1 Cause Encephalocraniocutaneous Lipomatosis. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:579-587. [PMID: 26942290 PMCID: PMC4800051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) is a sporadic condition characterized by ocular, cutaneous, and central nervous system anomalies. Key clinical features include a well-demarcated hairless fatty nevus on the scalp, benign ocular tumors, and central nervous system lipomas. Seizures, spasticity, and intellectual disability can be present, although affected individuals without seizures and with normal intellect have also been reported. Given the patchy and asymmetric nature of the malformations, ECCL has been hypothesized to be due to a post-zygotic, mosaic mutation. Despite phenotypic overlap with several other disorders associated with mutations in the RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT pathways, the molecular etiology of ECCL remains unknown. Using exome sequencing of DNA from multiple affected tissues from five unrelated individuals with ECCL, we identified two mosaic mutations, c.1638C>A (p.Asn546Lys) and c.1966A>G (p.Lys656Glu) within the tyrosine kinase domain of FGFR1, in two affected individuals each. These two residues are the most commonly mutated residues in FGFR1 in human cancers and are associated primarily with CNS tumors. Targeted resequencing of FGFR1 in multiple tissues from an independent cohort of individuals with ECCL identified one additional individual with a c.1638C>A (p.Asn546Lys) mutation in FGFR1. Functional studies of ECCL fibroblast cell lines show increased levels of phosphorylated FGFRs and phosphorylated FRS2, a direct substrate of FGFR1, as well as constitutive activation of RAS-MAPK signaling. In addition to identifying the molecular etiology of ECCL, our results support the emerging overlap between mosaic developmental disorders and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Bennett
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Tiong Yang Tan
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Diana Alcantara
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK
| | - Martine Tétrault
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4 Canada
| | - Andrew E Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Dana Jensen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Sarah Collins
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Malgorzata J M Nowaczyk
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4J9, Canada
| | - Marjorie J Lindhurst
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine M Christensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Stephen R Braddock
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Heather Brandling-Bennett
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine (Dermatology), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raoul C M Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brian Chung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3N1, Canada
| | - John Su
- Monash University, Eastern Health, Department of Dermatology, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - SuYuen Ng
- Monash University, Eastern Health, Department of Dermatology, Box Hill, VIC 3128, Australia
| | - David J Amor
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jacek Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A0G4 Canada
| | - Les G Biesecker
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kym M Boycott
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H5B2, Canada
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics (Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mark O'Driscoll
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN19RQ, UK.
| | - Ute Moog
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Laura M McDonell
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H5B2, Canada
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38
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Ling L, Tan SK, Goh TH, Cheung E, Nurcombe V, van Wijnen AJ, Cool SM. Targeting the heparin-binding domain of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 as a potential cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26201468 PMCID: PMC4511971 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) deregulates cell proliferation and promotes cell survival, and may predispose to tumorigenesis. Therefore, selective inactivation of FGFRs is an important strategy for cancer therapy. Here as a proof-of-concept study, we developed a FGFR1 neutralizing antisera, IMB-R1, employing a novel strategy aimed at preventing the access of essential heparan sulfate (HS) co-receptors to the heparin-binding domain on FGFR1. Methods The mRNA and protein expression level of FGFR1 and other FGFRs were examined in several lines of breast cancer and osteosarcoma cells and corresponding normal cells using Taqman real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. The specificity of IMB-R1 against FGFR1 was assessed with various ELISA-based approaches and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase array. Proliferation assay and apoptosis analysis were performed to assess the effect of IMB-R1 on cancer cell growth and apoptosis, respectively, in comparison with known FGFR1 inhibitors. The IMB-R1 induced alteration of intracellular signaling and gene expression were analysed using Western blot and microarray approaches. Immunohistochemical staining of FGFR1 using IMB-R1 were carried out in different cancer tissues from clinical patients. Throughout the study, statistical differences were determined by Student’s t test where appropriate and reported when a p value was less than 0.05. Results We demonstrate that IMB-R1 is minimally cross-reactive for other FGFRs, and that it potently and specifically inhibits binding of heparin to FGFR1. Furthermore, IMB-R1 blocks the interaction of FGF2 with FGFR1, the kinase activity of FGFR1 and activation of intracellular FGFR signaling. Cancer cells treated with IMB-R1 displayed impaired FGF2 signaling, were unable to grow and instead underwent apoptosis. IMB-R1-induced cell death correlated with a disruption of antioxidative defense networks and increased expression of several tumor suppressors and apoptotic proteins, including p53. Immunostaining with IMB-R1 was stronger in human cancer tissues in which the FGFR1 gene is amplified. Conclusion Our study suggests that blocking HS interaction with the heparin-binding domains of FGFR1 inhibited cancer cell growth, which can be an attractive strategy to inactivate cancer-related heparin-binding proteins. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0391-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Si Kee Tan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Ting Hwee Goh
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Edwin Cheung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, #02-01 Genome, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, E12 Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Victor Nurcombe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, MedSci 3-69, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Simon M Cool
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
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39
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Mahadevaiah S, Robinson KG, Kharkar PM, Kiick KL, Akins RE. Decreasing matrix modulus of PEG hydrogels induces a vascular phenotype in human cord blood stem cells. Biomaterials 2015; 62:24-34. [PMID: 26016692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adult and congenital cardiovascular diseases are significant health problems that are often managed using surgery. Bypass grafting is a principal therapy, but grafts fail at high rates due to hyperplasia, fibrosis, and atherosclerosis. Biocompatible, cellularized materials that attenuate these complications and encourage healthy microvascularization could reduce graft failure, but an improved understanding of biomaterial effects on human stem cells is needed to reach clinical utility. Our group investigates stem-cell-loaded biomaterials for placement along the adventitia of at-risk vessels and grafts. Here, the effects of substrate modulus on human CD34+ stem cells from umbilical cord blood were evaluated. Cells were isolated by immunomagnetic separation and encapsulated in 3, 4, and 6 weight% PEG hydrogels containing 0.032% gelatin and 0.0044% fibronectin. Gels reached moduli of 0.34, 4.5, and 9.1 kPa. Cell viability approached 100%. Cell morphologies appeared similar across gels, but proliferation was significantly lower in 6 wt% gels. Expression profiling using stem cell signaling arrays indicated enhanced self-renewal and differentiation into vascular endothelium among cells in the lower weight percent gels. Thus, modulus was associated with cell proliferation and function. Gels with moduli in the low kilopascal range may be useful in stimulating cell engraftment and microvascularization of graft adventitia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Mahadevaiah
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Biomedical Research, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States; Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Critical Care Department, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Karyn G Robinson
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Biomedical Research, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Prathamesh M Kharkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 Du Pont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 Du Pont Hall, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Robert E Akins
- Nemours - Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Biomedical Research, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States.
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40
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Levy I, Sher I, Corem-Salkmon E, Ziv-Polat O, Meir A, Treves AJ, Nagler A, Kalter-Leibovici O, Margel S, Rotenstreich Y. Bioactive magnetic near Infra-Red fluorescent core-shell iron oxide/human serum albumin nanoparticles for controlled release of growth factors for augmentation of human mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2015; 13:34. [PMID: 25947109 PMCID: PMC4432958 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-015-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles (NPs) of sizes less than 50 nm are considered to be non-toxic, biodegradable and superparamagnetic. We have previously described the generation of IO NPs coated with Human Serum Albumin (HSA). HSA coating onto the IO NPs enables conjugation of the IO/HSA NPs to various biomolecules including proteins. Here we describe the preparation and characterization of narrow size distribution core-shell NIR fluorescent IO/HSA magnetic NPs conjugated covalently to Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) for biomedical applications. We examined the biological activity of the conjugated FGF2 on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). These multipotent cells can differentiate into bone, cartilage, hepatic, endothelial and neuronal cells and are being studied in clinical trials for treatment of various diseases. FGF2 enhances the proliferation of hBM-MSCs and promotes their differentiation toward neuronal, adipogenic and osteogenic lineages in vitro. Results The NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. Covalent conjugation of the FGF2 to the IO/HSA NPs significantly stabilized this growth factor against various enzymes and inhibitors existing in serum and in tissue cultures. IO/HSA NPs conjugated to FGF2 were internalized into hBM-MSCs via endocytosis as confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and Prussian Blue staining. Conjugated FGF2 enhanced the proliferation and clonal expansion capacity of hBM-MSCs, as well as their adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation to a higher extent compared with the free growth factor. Free and conjugated FGF2 promoted the expression of neuronal marker Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) to a similar extent, but conjugated FGF2 was more effective than free FGF2 in promoting the expression of astrocyte marker Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) in these cells. Conclusions These results indicate that stabilization of FGF2 by conjugating the IO/HSA NPs can enhance the biological efficacy of FGF2 and its ability to promote hBM-MSC cell proliferation and trilineage differentiation. This new system may benefit future therapeutic use of hBM-MSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-015-0090-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ifat Sher
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Enav Corem-Salkmon
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ofra Ziv-Polat
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Amilia Meir
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Avraham J Treves
- Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Arnon Nagler
- Hematology Division, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
| | - Ofra Kalter-Leibovici
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Ramat Gan, Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Margel
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel.
| | - Ygal Rotenstreich
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 52621, Israel.
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41
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Diekman BO, Thakore PI, O'Connor SK, Willard VP, Brunger JM, Christoforou N, Leong KW, Gersbach CA, Guilak F. Knockdown of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 enhances cartilage formation by induced pluripotent stem cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:1261-74. [PMID: 25517798 PMCID: PMC4394871 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of articular cartilage contributes to progressive joint dysfunction associated with cartilage injury or osteoarthritis. Cartilage tissue engineering seeks to provide a biological substitute for repairing damaged or diseased cartilage, but requires a cell source with the capacity for extensive expansion without loss of chondrogenic potential. In this study, we hypothesized that decreased expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21 would enhance the proliferative and chondrogenic potential of differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Murine iPSCs were directed to differentiate toward the chondrogenic lineage with an established protocol and then engineered to express a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to reduce the expression of p21. Cells expressing the p21 shRNA demonstrated higher proliferative potential during monolayer expansion and increased synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in pellet cultures. Furthermore, these cells could be expanded ∼150-fold over three additional passages without a reduction in the subsequent production of GAGs, while control cells showed reduced potential for GAG synthesis with three additional passages. In pellets from extensively passaged cells, knockdown of p21 attenuated the sharp decrease in cell number that occurred in control cells, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that p21 knockdown limited the production of type I and type X collagen while maintaining synthesis of cartilage-specific type II collagen. These findings suggest that manipulating the cell cycle can augment the monolayer expansion and preserve the chondrogenic capacity of differentiated iPSCs, providing a strategy for enhancing iPSC-based cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian O. Diekman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Shannon K. O'Connor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vincent P. Willard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jonathan M. Brunger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nicolas Christoforou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kam W. Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Charles A. Gersbach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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42
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Increasing efficiency of human mesenchymal stromal cell culture by optimization of microcarrier concentration and design of medium feed. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:163-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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