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Tepp K, Auditano GL, Puurand M, Kaambre T. Reliability of pesticide toxicity evaluation: Effects of pesticides on cellular respiration under conventional versus physiological growth conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2025; 115:104675. [PMID: 40097081 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2025] [Accepted: 03/11/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
The use of pesticides to enhance crop yields remains prevalent despite persistent concerns about their potential harmful side effects. Moreover, most cell viability studies are conducted in growth media and oxygen concentrations that do not accurately reflect the in vivo conditions in tissues, and therefore may influence the outcomes of toxicity assessments. The aim of the study was to examine how culture conditions alter the influence of pesticides on mitochondrial energy production. For this purpose, two cell lines - Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells) and HepG2 (a human hepatoma cell line) - were cultured over an extended period with low doses of three widely used plant protection products: the fungicide boscalid, the herbicide glyphosate, and the insecticide NeemAzal. Cells were grown in conventional DMEM and Plasmax media, the latter resembling blood plasma composition, under normoxic (19 %) and physoxic (5 %) oxygen concentrations. High-resolution respirometry was employed to assess pesticide-induced alterations on mitochondrial metabolism and to evaluate how these effects differed between conventional and physiologically relevant environments. The results revealed minimal alterations with NeemAzal exposure, while boscalid induced the most pronounced effects, including a decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics index, reduced ATP-synthase-linked oxygen consumption, and impaired respiration associated with respiratory chain complexes I and II. Notably, these impairments in mitochondrial energy production were more pronounced in cells cultured in Plasmax media compared to DMEM. These findings highlight the critical importance of mimicking tissue-specific conditions, such as media composition and oxygen tension, in toxicity studies to obtain more accurate and physiologically relevant insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Tepp
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia.
| | - Giuseppe Leonardo Auditano
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
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Murthy MK. Environmental dynamics of pesticides: sources, impacts on amphibians, nanoparticles, and endophytic microorganism remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2025; 32:7860-7893. [PMID: 40069476 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-025-36216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025]
Abstract
Pesticides, which are widely used in agriculture, have elicited notable environmental concern because they persist and may be toxic. The environmental dynamics of pesticides were reviewed with a focus on their sources, impacts on amphibians, and imminent remediation options. Pesticides are directly applied in ecosystems, run off into water bodies, are deposited in the atmosphere, and often accumulate in the soil and water bodies. Pesticide exposure is particularly problematic for amphibians, which are sensitive indicators of the environment's health and suffer from physiological, behavioral, and developmental disruption that has "pushed them to the brink of extinction." Finally, this review discusses the nanoparticles that can be used to tackle pesticide pollution. However, nanoparticles with large surface areas and reactivity have the potential to degrade or adsorb pesticide residues during sustainable remediation processes. Symbiotic microbes living inside plants, known as endophytic microorganisms, can detoxify pesticides. Reducing pesticide bioavailability improves plant resilience by increasing the number of metabolizing microorganisms. Synergy between nanoparticle technology and endophytic microorganisms can mitigate pesticide contamination. Results show that Interdisciplinary research is necessary to improve the application of these strategies to minimize the ecological risk of pesticides. Eco-friendly remediation techniques that promote sustainable agricultural practices, while protecting amphibian populations and ecosystem health, have advanced our understanding of pesticide dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesala Krishna Murthy
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab - 140401, India.
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3
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Gerbecks J, Baliatsas C, Yzermans CJ, Simoes M, Huss A, Verheij RA, Dückers M. Living in the vicinity of pesticide-treated crop fields: Exploring associated perceptions and psychological aspects in relation to self-reported and registry-based health symptoms. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:669. [PMID: 39550569 PMCID: PMC11569595 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02162-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to pesticides in the living environment can be associated with the prevalence of health symptoms. This study investigates associations between health symptoms among residents in areas with fruit crop fields where pesticides are applied, and psychological perceptions and attitudes about environmental aspects and exposures. METHODS A cross-sectional survey combined with routine primary care electronic health records (EHR) data was conducted in 2017 in rural areas of the Netherlands with high concentration of fruit crops (n = 3,321, aged ≥ 16 years). Individual exposure to pesticides was estimated using geocoded data on fruit crops around the home. Validated instruments were used to assess symptom report and psychological perceptions and attitudes. Annual prevalence of various health symptoms was derived from EHRs. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze associations between health symptoms (outcome), fruit crops, and multiple psychological perceptions and attitudes (confounders). RESULTS Living in the vicinity of fruit crop fields was generally not associated with self-reported symptom duration and general practitioner (GP) registered symptoms. For self-reported symptoms, symptom prevalence decreased when crop density within 250 m and 500 m from the home increased. No associations were found at other distances. Furthermore, higher levels of environmental worries, perceived exposure, and perceived sensitivity to pesticides and attribution of symptoms to environmental exposures were generally associated with a higher number of self-reported symptoms, and longer symptom duration. Symptoms reported to GPs were not associated with psychological perceptions and attitudes, except for perceived sensitivity to pesticides. CONCLUSION Psychological perceptions and attitudes appear to be related to self-reported symptoms, but not to GP-registered symptoms, independent of the actual levels of exposure as measured by the size of the area of crop fields. Perceptions about environmental factors should be taken into account in environmental health risk assessment research when studying health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerbecks
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, 118-124, 3513 CR, The Netherlands.
| | - C Baliatsas
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, 118-124, 3513 CR, The Netherlands
| | - C J Yzermans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, 118-124, 3513 CR, The Netherlands
| | - M Simoes
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Huss
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Verheij
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, 118-124, 3513 CR, The Netherlands
- Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences (TRANZO), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Mla Dückers
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (Nivel), Utrecht, 118-124, 3513 CR, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
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Munir S, Azeem A, Sikandar Zaman M, Zia Ul Haq M. From field to table: Ensuring food safety by reducing pesticide residues in food. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171382. [PMID: 38432369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The present review addresses the significance of lowering pesticide residue levels in food items because of their harmful impacts on human health, wildlife populations, and the environment. It draws attention to the possible health risks-acute and chronic poisoning, cancer, unfavorable effects on reproduction, and harm to the brain or immunological systems-that come with pesticide exposure. Numerous traditional and cutting-edge methods, such as washing, blanching, peeling, thermal treatments, alkaline electrolyzed water washing, cold plasma, ultrasonic cleaning, ozone treatment, and enzymatic treatment, have been proposed to reduce pesticide residues in food products. It highlights the necessity of a paradigm change in crop protection and agri-food production on a global scale. It offers opportunities to guarantee food safety through the mitigation of pesticide residues in food. The review concludes that the first step in reducing worries about the negative effects of pesticides is to implement regulatory measures to regulate their use. In order to lower the exposure to dietary pesticides, the present review also emphasizes the significance of precision agricultural practices and integrated pest management techniques. The advanced approaches covered in this review present viable options along with traditional methods and possess the potential to lower pesticide residues in food items without sacrificing quality. It can be concluded from the present review that a paradigm shift towards sustainable agriculture and food production is essential to minimize pesticide residues in food, safeguarding human health, wildlife populations, and the environment. Furthermore, there is a need to refine the conventional methods of pesticide removal from food items along with the development of modern techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Munir
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Asad Azeem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; College of Agriculture, University of Layyah, Layyah 31200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sikandar Zaman
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia Ul Haq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Weed Research Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Jia Y, Kang L, Wu Y, Zhou C, Li D, Li J, Pan C. Review on Pesticide Abiotic Stress over Crop Health and Intervention by Various Biostimulants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13595-13611. [PMID: 37669447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Plants are essential for life on earth, and agricultural crops are a primary food source for humans. For the One Health future, crop health is crucial for safe, high-quality agricultural products and the development of future green commodities. However, the overuse of pesticides in modern agriculture raises concerns about their adverse effects on crop resistance and product quality. Recently, biostimulants, including microecological bacteria agents and nanoparticles, have garnered worldwide interest for their ability to sustain plant health and enhance crop resistance. This review analyzed the effects and mechanisms of pesticide stress on crop health. It also investigated the regulation of biostimulants on crop health and the multiomics mechanism, combining research on nanoselenium activating various crop health aspects conducted by the authors' research group. The paper helps readers understand the impact of pesticides on crop health and the positive influence of various biostimulants, especially nanomaterials and small molecules, on crop health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jia
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lu Kang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, P. R. China
| | - Yangliu Wu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chunran Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Canping Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Pest Chemical Control, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Buga AM, Padureanu V, Riza AL, Oancea CN, Albu CV, Nica AD. The Gut-Brain Axis as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:1872. [PMID: 37508537 PMCID: PMC10378521 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CNS is very susceptible to oxidative stress; the gut microbiota plays an important role as a trigger of oxidative damage that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. In the current review, we discuss recent findings on oxidative-stress-related inflammation mediated by the gut-brain axis in multiple sclerosis (MS). Growing evidence suggests targeting gut microbiota can be a promising strategy for MS management. Intricate interaction between multiple factors leads to increased intra- and inter-individual heterogeneity, frequently painting a different picture in vivo from that obtained under controlled conditions. Following an evidence-based approach, all proposed interventions should be validated in clinical trials with cohorts large enough to reach significance. Our review summarizes existing clinical trials focused on identifying suitable interventions, the suitable combinations, and appropriate timings to target microbiota-related oxidative stress. Most studies assessed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS); only a few studies with very limited cohorts were carried out in other MS stages (e.g., secondary progressive MS-SPMS). Future trials must consider an extended time frame, perhaps starting with the perinatal period and lasting until the young adult period, aiming to capture as many complex intersystem interactions as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Buga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.B.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Vlad Padureanu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Anca-Lelia Riza
- Laboratory of Human Genomics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania;
- Regional Center for Medical Genetics Dolj, Emergency County Hospital Craiova, 200638 Craiova, Romania
| | - Carmen Nicoleta Oancea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.B.); (C.N.O.)
| | - Carmen Valeria Albu
- Department of Neurology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Alexandru Dan Nica
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.B.); (C.N.O.)
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Dinca V, Docea AO, Drocas AI, Nikolouzakis TK, Stivaktakis PD, Nikitovic D, Golokhvast KS, Hernandez AF, Calina D, Tsatsakis A. A mixture of 13 pesticides, contaminants, and food additives below individual NOAELs produces histopathological and organ weight changes in rats. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1285-1298. [PMID: 36892595 PMCID: PMC10110652 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03455-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The current approach for the risk assessment of chemicals does not account for the complex human real-life exposure scenarios. Exposure to chemical mixtures in everyday life has raised scientific, regulatory, and societal concerns in recent years. Several studies aiming to identify the safety limits of chemical mixtures determined hazardous levels lower than those of separate chemicals. Following these observations, this study built on the standards set by the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) scenario and investigated the effect of long-term exposure (18 months) to a mixture of 13 chemicals (methomyl, triadimefon, dimethoate, glyphosate, carbaryl, methyl parathion, aspartame, sodium benzoate, EDTA, ethylparaben, butylparaben, bisphenol A and acacia gum) in adult rats. Animals were divided into four dosing groups [0xNOAEL (control), 0.0025xNOAEL (low dose-LD), 0.01xNOAEL (medium dose-MD) and 0.05xNOAEL (high dose-HD) (mg/kg BW/day)]. After 18 months of exposure, all animals were sacrificed, and their organs were harvested, weighed, and pathologically examined. While organ weight tended to be higher in males than in females, when sex and dose were taken into account, lungs and hearts from female rats had significantly greater weight than that of males. This discrepancy was more obvious in the LD group. Histopathology showed that long-term exposure to the chemical mixture selected for this study caused dose-dependent changes in all examined organs. The main organs that contribute to chemical biotransformation and clearance (liver, kidneys, and lungs) consistently presented histopathological changes following exposure to the chemical mixture. In conclusion, exposure to very low doses (below the NOAEL) of the tested mixture for 18 months induced histopathological lesions and cytotoxic effects in a dose and tissue-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorica Dinca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Andrei Ioan Drocas
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | | | | | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71303 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Kirill S. Golokhvast
- Siberian Federal Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia
| | - Antonio F. Hernandez
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniela Calina
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Jokanović M, Oleksak P, Kuca K. Multiple neurological effects associated with exposure to organophosphorus pesticides in man. Toxicology 2023; 484:153407. [PMID: 36543276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews available data regarding the possible association of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides with neurological disorders such as dementia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, neurodevelopment, autism, cognitive development, Parkinson's disease and chronic organophosphate-induced neuropsychiatric disorder. These effects mainly develop after repeated (chronic) human exposure to low doses of OP. In addition, three well defined neurotoxic effects in humans caused by single doses of OP compounds are discussed. Those effects are the cholinergic syndrome, the intermediate syndrome and organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Usually, the poisoning can be avoided by an improved administrative control, limited access to OP pesticides, efficient measures of personal protection and education of OP pesticide applicators and medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Jokanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech republic.
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9
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Kumar V, Yadav CS, Banerjee BD. Xeno-Estrogenic Pesticides and the Risk of Related Human Cancers. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:344-355. [PMID: 36412768 PMCID: PMC9680220 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, "environmental xenobiotic-mediated endocrine disruption", especially by xeno-estrogens, has gained a lot of interest from toxicologists and environmental researchers. These estrogen-mimicking chemicals are known to cause various human disorders. Pesticides are the most heavily used harmful xenobiotic chemicals around the world. The estrogen-mimicking potential of the most widely used organochlorine pesticides is well established. However, their effect is not as clearly understood among the plethora of effects these persistent xenobiotics are known to pose on our physiological system. Estrogens are one of the principal risk modifiers of various disorders, including cancer, not only in women but in men as well. Despite the ban on these xenobiotics in some parts of the world, humans are still at apparent risk of exposure to these harmful chemicals as they are still widely persistent and likely to stay in our environment for a long time owing to their high chemical stability. The present work intends to understand how these harmful chemicals may affect the risk of the development of estrogen-mediated human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Yadav
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382010, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence:
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Shan Q, Liu M, Li R, Shi Q, Li Y, Gong B. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves pesticide detoxification in plants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155404. [PMID: 35469890 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is important to ensure food safety to study the technology and mechanism of pesticide residues degradation in crops. Though γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been widely reported to involve in plant stress resistance, whether exogenous application or endogenous regulation of GABA by gene-editing technology can promote the pesticide detoxification is not clear in plants. Using tomato and chlorothalonil (CHT) as research models, we discovered that exogenous application of GABA or endogenous elevation of GABA by knockout of pyruvate-dependent GABA transaminase promoted both CHT metabolism and plant stress tolerance to CHT. This is closely related to the active adaptation of GABA to CHT stress by regulating the plant GABA shunt pathway and polyamine pathway. The transcriptome data revealed 17 target genes that may be closely related to the involvement of GABA in CHT metabolism, including 4 peroxidases, 5 glycosyltransferases, 4 glutathione S-transferases, and 4 ABC transporters. In addition, the glutathione detoxification pathway and antioxidative enzyme also actively participated in the GABA-induced CHT detoxification process, which played an important role in relieving CHT stress. As a result, GABA significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of tomato leaves under CHT stress. While studying photosynthesis, we unexpectedly found that GABA promotes stomatal closure in terms of decreased stomatal conductance and stomatal diameter. This result implies that GABA can reduce CHT absorption by regulating stomatal movement in leaves. Together, we provided a novel viewpoint that foliar application of GABA or metabolic engineering of GABA is an effective approach to reduce the risk of pesticide contamination in crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Rui Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinghua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Biao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
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Kou SB, Zhou KL, Lin ZY, Lou YY, Wang BL, Shi JH, Liu YX. Investigation of binding characteristics of ritonavir with calf thymus DNA with the help of spectroscopic techniques and molecular simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2908-2916. [PMID: 33164672 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1844057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The binding behavior of ritonavir (RTV), a HIV/AIDS protease inhibitor, with ct-DNA was characterized through multiple testing technologies and theoretical calculation. The findings revealed that the RTV-DNA complex was formed through the noncovalent interaction mainly including conventional hydrogen bonds and carbon hydrogen bonds as well as hydrophobic interactions (pi-alkyl interactions). The stoichiometry and binding constant of the RTV-DNA complex were 1:1 and 1.87 × 103 M-1 at 298 K, respectively, indicating that RTV has moderate affinity with ct-DNA. The findings confirmed that RTV binds to the minor groove of DNA. The outcomes of CD experiments showed that the binding with RTV changed the conformation of DNA slightly. However, the conformation of RTV had obvious changes after binding to DNA, meaning that the flexibility of RTV molecule played an important role in stabilizing the RTV-DNA complex. Meanwhile, the results of DFT calculation revealed that the RTV and DNA interaction caused the changes in the frontier molecular orbitals, dipole moment and atomic charge distribution of RTV, altering the chemical properties of RTV when it bound to DNA. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bo Kou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Li Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yi Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Yue Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Lafay F, Daniele G, Fieu M, Pelosi C, Fritsch C, Vulliet E. Ultrasound-assisted QuEChERS-based extraction using EDTA for determination of currently-used pesticides at trace levels in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022:10.1007/s11356-022-19397-3. [PMID: 35239121 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is essential to monitor pesticides in soils as their presence at trace levels and their bioavailability can induce adverse effects on soil's ecosystems, animals, and human health. In this study, we developed an analytical method for the quantification of traces of multi-class pesticides in soil using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In this way, 31 pesticides were selected, including 12 herbicides, 9 insecticides, and 10 fungicides. Two extraction techniques were first evaluated, namely, the pressurized liquid extraction and the QuEChERS procedure. The latest one was finally selected and optimized, allowing extraction recoveries of 55 to 118%. The role of the chelating agent EDTA, which binds preferentially to soil cations that complex some pesticides, was highlighted. Coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the procedure displayed very high sensitivity, with limits of quantification (LOQ) in the range 0.01-5.5 ng/g. A good linearity (R2 > 0.992) was observed over two orders of magnitude (LOQ-100 [Formula: see text] LOQ) with good accuracy (80-120%) for all compounds except the two pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and tau-fluvalinate (accuracy comprised between 50 and 175%) and the cyclohexanedione cycloxydim (accuracy < 35%). Good repeatability and reproducibility were also achieved. The method was finally successfully applied to 12 soil samples collected from 3 land-use types. Among the 31-targeted pesticides, 24 were detected at least once, with concentration levels varying from LOQ to 722 ng/g. Many values were below 0.5 ng/g, indicating that the developed method could provide new knowledge on the extremely low residual contents of some pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Lafay
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gaëlle Daniele
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maëva Fieu
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAe, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
- INRAe, UMR1402 ECOSYS, pôle Ecotoxicologie Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes, RD 10 Route de St Cyr, 78026, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement - CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté Usc INRA - 16 Route de Gray, 25030, Besancon Cedex, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vulliet
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
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Kalyabina VP, Esimbekova EN, Kopylova KV, Kratasyuk VA. Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health - a review. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1179-1192. [PMID: 34150527 PMCID: PMC8193068 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are commonly used in agriculture to enhance crop production and control pests. Therefore, pesticide residues can persist in the environment and agricultural crops. Although modern formulations are relatively safe to non-target species, numerous theoretical and experimental data demonstrate that pesticide residues can produce long-term negative effects on the health of humans and animals and stability of ecosystems. Of particular interest are molecular mechanisms that mediate the start of a cascade of adverse effects. This is a review of the latest literature data on the effects and consequences of contamination of agricultural crops by pesticide residues. In addition, we address the issue of implicit risks associated with pesticide formulations. The effects of pesticides are considered in the context of the Adverse Outcome Pathway concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya P. Kalyabina
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Elena N. Esimbekova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Kseniya V. Kopylova
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Valentina A. Kratasyuk
- Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
- Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 50/50 Akademgorodok, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
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14
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Kisielinski K, Giboni P, Prescher A, Klosterhalfen B, Graessel D, Funken S, Kempski O, Hirsch O. Is a Mask That Covers the Mouth and Nose Free from Undesirable Side Effects in Everyday Use and Free of Potential Hazards? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4344. [PMID: 33923935 PMCID: PMC8072811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many countries introduced the requirement to wear masks in public spaces for containing SARS-CoV-2 making it commonplace in 2020. Up until now, there has been no comprehensive investigation as to the adverse health effects masks can cause. The aim was to find, test, evaluate and compile scientifically proven related side effects of wearing masks. For a quantitative evaluation, 44 mostly experimental studies were referenced, and for a substantive evaluation, 65 publications were found. The literature revealed relevant adverse effects of masks in numerous disciplines. In this paper, we refer to the psychological and physical deterioration as well as multiple symptoms described because of their consistent, recurrent and uniform presentation from different disciplines as a Mask-Induced Exhaustion Syndrome (MIES). We objectified evaluation evidenced changes in respiratory physiology of mask wearers with significant correlation of O2 drop and fatigue (p < 0.05), a clustered co-occurrence of respiratory impairment and O2 drop (67%), N95 mask and CO2 rise (82%), N95 mask and O2 drop (72%), N95 mask and headache (60%), respiratory impairment and temperature rise (88%), but also temperature rise and moisture (100%) under the masks. Extended mask-wearing by the general population could lead to relevant effects and consequences in many medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Prescher
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy (MOCA), Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Bernd Klosterhalfen
- Institute of Pathology, Dueren Hospital, Roonstrasse 30, 52351 Dueren, Germany;
| | - David Graessel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | | | - Oliver Kempski
- Institute of Neurosurgical Pathophysiology, University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, 57078 Siegen, Germany
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15
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 PMCID: PMC7791774 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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16
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Ledda C, Cannizzaro E, Cinà D, Filetti V, Vitale E, Paravizzini G, Di Naso C, Iavicoli I, Rapisarda V. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in agricultural workers after exposure to pesticides. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33413467 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00290-z/figures/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent epidemiological studies on workers describe that exposure to pesticides can induce oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals that can accumulate in the cell and damage biological macromolecules, for example, RNA, DNA, DNA repair proteins and other proteins and/or modify antioxidant defense mechanisms, as well as detoxification and scavenger enzymes. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress and DNA damage among workers exposed to pesticides. METHODS For this purpose, 52 pesticide exposed workers and 52 organic farmers were enrolled. They were assessed: the pesticide exposure, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total glutathione (TG), oxidized glutathione levels (GSSG), and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), levels. RESULTS Correlation between pesticide exposure was positively associated with high TBARS and 8-oxodG levels (p < 0.001). A negative association was founded with TG and GSSG and pesticide exposure. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation results seem to indicate a mild augment in oxidative stress associated with pesticide exposure, followed by an adaptive response to increase the antioxidant defenses to prevent sustained oxidative adverse effects stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ledda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Cannizzaro
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care, Occupational Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Diana Cinà
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Vera Filetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Ermanno Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Concettina Di Naso
- Clinical Pathology and Clinical Molecular Biology Unit, "Garibaldi Centro" Hospital, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Venerando Rapisarda
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Occupational Medicine, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia, 89 - 95123, Catania, Italy
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17
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Zhao Y, Tang X, Lv M, Liu Q, Li J, Zhang B, Li L, Zhang X, Zhao Y. The molecular response mechanisms of a diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana to the toxicity of BDE-47 based on whole transcriptome analysis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105669. [PMID: 33142158 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitously distributed persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in marine environments. Phytoplankton are the entrance of PBDEs entering to biotic environments from abiotic environments, while the responding mechanisms of phytoplankton to PBDEs have not been full established. Therefore, we chose the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana in this study, by integrating whole transcriptome analysis with physiological-biochemical data, to reveal the molecular responding mechanisms of T. pseudonana to the toxicity of BDE-47. Our results indicated the changes of genes expressions correlated to the physiological-biochemical changes, and there were multiple molecular mechanisms of T. pseudonana responding to the toxicity of BDE-47: Gene expressions evidence explained the suppression of light reaction and proved the occurrence of cellular oxidative stress; In the meanwhile, up-regulations of genes in pathways involving carbon metabolisms happened, including the Calvin cycle, glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis, and triacylglycerol synthesis; Lastly, DNA damage was found and three outcome including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death (PCD) happened, which could finally inhibit the cell division and population growth of T. pseudonana. This study presented the most complete molecular responding mechanisms of phytoplankton cells to PBDEs, and provided valuable information of various PBDEs-sensitive genes with multiple functions for further research involving organic pollutants and phytoplankton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xuexi Tang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Mengchen Lv
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Bihan Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luying Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Department of Marine Ecology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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18
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Pizzatti L, Kawassaki ACB, Fadel B, Nogueira FCS, Evaristo JAM, Woldmar N, Teixeira GT, Da Silva JC, Scandolara TB, Rech D, Candiotto LPZ, Silveira GF, Pavanelli WR, Panis C. Toxicoproteomics Disclose Pesticides as Downregulators of TNF-α, IL-1β and Estrogen Receptor Pathways in Breast Cancer Women Chronically Exposed. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1698. [PMID: 32984049 PMCID: PMC7483484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleterious effects have been widely associated with chronic pesticide exposure, including cancer development. In spite of several known consequences that pesticides can trigger in the human body, few is known regarding its impact on breast cancer women that are chronically exposed to such substances during agricultural work lifelong. In this context, the present study performed a high-throughput toxicoproteomic study in association with a bioinformatics-based design to explore new putative processes and pathways deregulated by chronic pesticide exposure in breast cancer patients. To reach this goal, we analyzed comparatively non-depleted plasma samples from exposed (n = 130) and non-occupationally exposed (n = 112) women diagnosed with breast cancer by using a label-free proteomic tool. The list of proteins differentially expressed was explored by bioinformatics and the main pathways and processes further investigated. The toxicoproteomic study revealed that women exposed to pesticides exhibited mainly downregulated events, linked to immune response, coagulation and estrogen-mediated events in relation to the unexposed ones. Further investigation shown that the identified deregulated processes and pathways correlated with significant distinct levels tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta in the blood, and specific clinicopathological characteristics pointed out by bioinformatics analysis as adipose-trophic levels, menopause and intratumoral clots formation. Altogether, these findings reinforce pesticides as downregulators of several biological process and highlight that these compounds can be linked to poor prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna Fadel
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nicole Woldmar
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thalita Basso Scandolara
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rech
- State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carolina Panis
- State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil.,State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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19
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Munishi OM, McCormack V, Mchome B, Mangi G, Zullig LL, Bartlett J, Mapunda O, Nyindo P, Namwai T, Muiruri C, Kimaro F, Karia F, Mmbaga BT. Awareness of Cancer Risk Factors and Its Signs and Symptoms in Northern Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Survey in the General Population and in People Living with HIV. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2020; 35:696-704. [PMID: 30915669 PMCID: PMC7363667 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-019-01513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An important component of cancer control programs for the growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa is a population's awareness of risk factors. Studies thereof have focused on single rather than multiple cancers and carcinogens. During March and April 2015, we undertook a survey to assess awareness of multiple cancer risk factors and symptoms in the Kilimanjaro Region, North Tanzania. General population (n = 620) and attendees at HIV care-and-treatment clinics (CTCs) were included (n = 207). Participants' mean age was 43.8 (interquartile range 30-52) years; 58% were female. Awareness of cancer risk was highest for tobacco (90%) and alcoholic spirits (67%), but tended to be lower for infections (41% for HIV (42.2% and 41.4% for CTC and community group, respectively) and 16% for HPV (16.0% and 16.6% for CTC and community group, respectively)), while that of moldy maize and peanuts was 35% for both. Awareness of specific cancer signs and symptoms ranged between 70% and 90%. Awareness of alcohol and tobacco was higher in men than women (odds ratio = 1.82 (1.38, 2.40) and 3.96 (2.14, 7.31), respectively). In relation to cancer treatment, 70% preferred modern medicine and 10% preferred traditional medicine alone. Sixty percent was not aware of any local cancer early detection services. Only 20% had ever been examined for cancer, and of those screened, CTC group was 1.5 times more likely to screen than community participants. Awareness did not differ by age or HIV status. There are good levels of cancer risk factor awareness for certain lifestyle-related carcinogens in Tanzania; however, increased awareness is needed especially for infections and cancer warning symptom both in the general and HIV-positive population, as well as some myths to be dispelled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oresto Michael Munishi
- School of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), P.O. Box 2236, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.
| | | | - Bariki Mchome
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | | | | | - John Bartlett
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Oscar Mapunda
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Pilli Nyindo
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Theresia Namwai
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | | | - Frank Kimaro
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Francis Karia
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute (KCRI), P.O. Box 2236, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
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20
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Balderrama-Carmona AP, Valenzuela-Rincón M, Zamora-Álvarez LA, Adan-Bante NP, Leyva-Soto LA, Silva-Beltrán NP, Morán-Palacio EF. Herbicide biomonitoring in agricultural workers in Valle del Mayo, Sonora Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28480-28489. [PMID: 31832947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Valle del Mayo is an important agricultural area at the northwest of Mexico where up to 20,000 L of a mix composed of glyphosate and tordon is used in drains and canals. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the cellular damage caused by glyphosate, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and picloram in agricultural workers. Biomonitoring was performed through the quantification of herbicides in urine using HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) to then evaluate the cellular damage in exposed people by means of an evaluation of micronuclei and cellular proliferation in lymphocyte cultures. The urine samples (n = 30) have shown a concentration of up to 10.25 μg/L of picloram and 2.23 μg/L of AMPA; no positive samples for glyphosate were reported. The calculation of the external dose reveals that agricultural workers ingest up to 146 mg/kg/day; however, this concentration does not surpass the limits that are allowed internationally. As for the results for the micronuclei test, 53% of the workers showed cellular damage, and the nuclear division index test reported that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the exposed and the control population, which indicated that the exposure time to pesticides in the people of Valle del Mayo can induce alterations which can cause chronic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paola Balderrama-Carmona
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Blvd. Lázaro Cárdenas 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Melissa Valenzuela-Rincón
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Blvd. Lázaro Cárdenas 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Zamora-Álvarez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Blvd. Lázaro Cárdenas 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Norma Patricia Adan-Bante
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Blvd. Lázaro Cárdenas 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Luis Alonso Leyva-Soto
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Ciencias Alimentarias, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de febrero 818 Sur, Colonia Centro, 85000, Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Norma Patricia Silva-Beltrán
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Cajeme, Blvd. Bordo Nuevo S/N, Ejido Providencia, 85199, Obregon, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Edgar Felipe Morán-Palacio
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Blvd. Lázaro Cárdenas 100, Colonia Francisco Villa, 85880, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
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21
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Barrón Cuenca J, Tirado N, Barral J, Ali I, Levi M, Stenius U, Berglund M, Dreij K. Increased levels of genotoxic damage in a Bolivian agricultural population exposed to mixtures of pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133942. [PMID: 31756860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, farmers in low to middle-income countries have increased their use of pesticides, and thereby the risk of being exposed to potentially genotoxic chemicals that can cause adverse health effects. Here, the aim was to investigate the correlation between exposure to pesticides and genotoxic damage in a Bolivian agricultural population. Genotoxic effects were assessed in peripheral blood samples by comet and micronucleus (MN) assays, and exposure levels by measurements of 10 urinary pesticide metabolites. Genetic susceptibility was assessed by determination of null frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. The results showed higher MN frequency in women and farmers active ≥8 years compared to their counterpart (P < 0.05). In addition, age, GST genotype, alcohol consumption, and type of water source influenced levels of genotoxic damage. Individuals with high exposure to tebuconazole, 2,4-D, or cyfluthrin displayed increased levels of genotoxic damage (P < 0.05-0.001). Logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between pesticide exposure and risk of genotoxic damage. After adjustment for confounders, a significant increased risk of DNA strand breaks was found for high exposure to 2,4-D, odds ratio (OR) = 1.99 (P < 0.05). In contrast, high exposure to pyrethroids was associated with a reduced risk of DNA strand breaks, OR = 0.49 (P < 0.05). It was also found that high exposure to certain mixtures of pesticides (containing mainly 2,4-D or cyfluthrin) was significantly associated with increased level and risk of genotoxic damage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data show that high exposure levels to some pesticides is associated with an increased risk of genotoxic damage among Bolivian farmers, suggesting that their use should be better controlled or limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Barrón Cuenca
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Noemí Tirado
- Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Josue Barral
- Genetic Institute, Medicine Faculty, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Saavedra Av. 2246 Miraflores, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Imran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Levi
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Stenius
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marika Berglund
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Biochemical Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Kou SB, Lou YY, Zhou KL, Wang BL, Lin ZY, Shi JH. In vitro exploration of interaction behavior between calf thymus DNA and fenhexamid with the help of multi-spectroscopic methods and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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23
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de Oliveira AFB, de Souza MR, Benedetti D, Scotti AS, Piazza LS, Garcia ALH, Dias JF, Niekraszewicz LAB, Duarte A, Bauer D, Amaral L, Bassi Branco CL, de Melo Reis É, da Silva FR, da Silva J. Investigation of pesticide exposure by genotoxicological, biochemical, genetic polymorphic and in silico analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:135-142. [PMID: 31035247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean farmers are exposed to various types of pesticides that contain in their formulations a combination of chemicals with genotoxic and mutagenic potential. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the genetic damages caused by this pesticide exposure to soybean producers in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil), regarding biochemical, genetic polymorphic and in silico analyses. A total of 148 individuals were evaluated, 76 of which were occupationally exposed and 72 were not exposed at all. The buccal micronucleus cytome assay (BMCyt) detected in the exposed group an increase on DNA damage and cell death. No inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) was observed within the exposed group. The detection of inorganic elements was made through the particle-induced X-ray emission technique (PIXE), which revealed higher concentrations of Bromine (Br), Rubidium (Rb) and Lead (Pb) in rural workers. A molecular model using in silico analysis suggests how metal ions can cause both DNA damage and apoptosis in the exposed cells. Analysis of the compared effect of X-ray Repair Cross-complement Protein 1 (XRCC1) and Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) genotypes in the groups demonstrated an increase of binucleated cells (exposed group) and nuclear bud (non-exposed group) in individuals with the XRCC1 Trip/- and PON1 Arg/- genes. There was no significant difference in the telomere (TL) mean value in the exposed group in contrast to the non-exposed group. Our results showed that soybean producers showed genotoxic effect and cell death, which may have been induced by exposure to complex mixtures of agrochemicals and fertilizers. In addition, XRCC1 Arg/Arg could, in some respects, provide protection to individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielly F B de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa Rosa de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Danieli Benedetti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Souza Scotti
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luma Smidt Piazza
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Letícia Hilario Garcia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Postgraduate Program in Environmental Quality, University Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Johnny Ferraz Dias
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Anaí Duarte
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dêiverti Bauer
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Livio Amaral
- Ion Implantation Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carmen Lucia Bassi Branco
- Postgraduate in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Érica de Melo Reis
- Postgraduate in Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, PPGBioSaúde, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil.
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Shi JH, Lou YY, Zhou KL, Pan DQ. Exploration of intermolecular interaction of calf thymus DNA with sulfosulfuron using multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking techniques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 204:209-216. [PMID: 29935392 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As a sulfonylurea herbicide, sulfosulfuron is extensively applied in controlling broad-leaves and weeds in agriculture. It may cause a potential risk for human and herbivores health due to its widely application and residue in crops and fruits. The study of the binding characteristics of calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) with sulfosulfuron was performed through a series of spectroscopic techniques and computer simulation. The experimental results showed sulfosulfuron interacted with ct-DNA through the groove binding. The negative values of thermodynamic parameter (ΔH0, ΔS0 and ΔG0) revealed that the reaction of sulfosulfuron with DNA could proceed spontaneously, and the hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces were essential to sulfosulfuron-ct-DNA binding, which was further verified by molecular docking study. Meanwhile, the electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions also played a supporting function for the interaction of sulfosulfuron with ct-DNA. The circular dichroism (CD) results exhibited a minor change in the secondary structure of ct-DNA during interaction process. Moreover, the conformation of sulfosulfuron had the obvious change after binding to DNA, which suggested that the flexibility of sulfosulfuron contributed to stabilizing the sulfosulfuron-ct-DNA complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Hua Shi
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
| | - Yan-Yue Lou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Kai-Li Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Dong-Qi Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
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25
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Bizoń A, Ołdakowska M, Milnerowicz H. Changes in lipid profile parameters and PON1 status associated with L55M PON1 polymorphism, overweight and exposure to tobacco smoke. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:463-471. [PMID: 30618305 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1554014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) L55M polymorphism on the enzyme's activity and concentration in the serum as well as its association with lipid profile parameters in a group of healthy persons. We also evaluated the presence of PON1 L55M polymorphism in a group of subjects exposed to tobacco smoke and with overweight or obesity on those parameters. METHODS Analysis of L55M polymorphism was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR - RFLP). Serum PON1 concentration and lipid profile parameters were assayed using commercial tests. PON1 activities were measured earlier elaborated procedures. RESULTS We observed a statistically significant difference in HDL and PON1 concentration: the highest in the LL genotype and the lowest in the MM genotype with the LM genotype having an intermediate concentration. L55M polymorphism influence on PON1 arylesterase and phosphotriesterase activity, whereas PON1 lactonase activity did not differ in all polymorphic variant groups. Exposure to tobacco smoke and overweight or obesity additionally disorder above mentioned parameters. Overweight and obesity in LM and MM genotype could be associated with higher PON1 phosphotriesterase activity. It is also possible that MM genotype could be a determinant of smoking addiction. CONCLUSIONS L55M polymorphism, like exposure to tobacco smoke and overweight, disorders PON1 status and lipid profile parameters; therefore, it could be a crucial risk factor for the development of many metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Monika Ołdakowska
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- a Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Diagnostics , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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