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Liang Y, Chen G, Yang Y, Li Z, Chen T, Sun W, Yu M, Pan K, Guo W, Tian W. Effect of canonical NF-κB signaling pathway on the differentiation of rat dental epithelial stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:139. [PMID: 31109359 PMCID: PMC6528379 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1252-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), an important transcription factor, participates in many physiological and pathological processes such as growth, differentiation, organogenesis, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response, including tooth development. However, it is still unknown whether NF-κB participates in the regulation of dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs) in postnatal rat incisors. Here, we investigated the specific differentiation regulatory mechanisms of the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway in DESCs and provided the mechanism of cross-talk involved in DESC differentiation. METHODS After adding the activator or inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze the expressions of amelogenesis-related genes and proteins and canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling. In addition, we used amelogenesis induction in vitro by adding the activator or inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway to the amelogenesis-induction medium, respectively. Recombinant TGF-β was used to activate the TGF-β pathway, and SMAD7 siRNA was used to downregulate the expression of SMAD7 in DESCs. RESULTS We found that the expression of amelogenesis-related genes and proteins as well as TGF-β signaling were downregulated, while SMAD7 expression was increased in NF-κB-activated DESCs. In addition, NF-κB-inhibited DESCs exhibited opposite results compared with NF-κB-activated DESCs. Furthermore, the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway suppressed the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling by inducing SMAD7 expression involved in the regulation of DESC differentiation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway participated in the regulation of DESC differentiation, which was through upregulating SMAD7 expression and further suppressing the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuangwu Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yang J, Liu Q, Cao S, Xu T, Li X, Zhou D, Pan L, Li C, Huang C, Meng X, Zhang L, Wang X. MicroRNA-145 Increases the Apoptosis of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells Induced by TRAIL through NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:980. [PMID: 29375381 PMCID: PMC5770373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During the liver fibrosis recovery stage tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can effectively induce apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Normal hepatic stellate cells are resistant to TRAIL cytotoxicity. Therefore, enhancing the sensitivity of TRAIL-induced apoptosis of HSCs may be useful to treat hepatic fibrogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that miR-145 and TRAIL were down-regulated in both liver fibrosis tissue samples and transforming growth factor-β1 induced HSCs, concomitant with increased the expression of ZEB2. In addition, we found that mimics-mediated over-expression of miR-145 led to resistance to the ZEB2 expression and up-regulation of the TRAIL-induced apoptosis after treatment of LX-2 cells with TRAIL. Furthermore, ZEB2-siRNA transfected LX-2 cells showed the increased sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Whereas, opposite results were obtained in miR-145-inhibitor group or ZEB2 plasmid group. Moreover, miR-145 regulated ZEB2 gene expression by specifically interacting with the 3′-UTR of ZEB2 mRNA to inhibit the expression of ZEB2. Further studies showed that the over-expression of ZEB2 could inhibit TRAIL-induced apoptosis via inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in LX-2 cells. Collectively, our data suggest that up-regulation of miR-145 can down-regulate ZEB2 expression, consequently promoting TRAIL-induced apoptosis in LX-2 cells through NF-κB signaling pathway, which facilitates the resolution of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qingxue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shiyang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linxin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Changyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China.,The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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Cantorna MT. Comment on "Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells". THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4188. [PMID: 28533278 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita T Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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4
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Demethyleneberberine Protects against Hepatic Fibrosis in Mice by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071036. [PMID: 27376272 PMCID: PMC4964412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demethyleneberberine (DMB) is an essential metabolite of Berberine (BBR) in vivo. Recent reports have revealed multiple novel therapeutic applications of BBR. However, the pharmacological activities of DMB remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to demonstrate the hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic effects of DMB both in vitro and in vivo. Here we showed that DMB protects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice and exhibits a higher safety profile as compared to BBR. Flow cytometry and Western blotting analysis showed that DMB is able to suppress the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and induce cell apoptosis through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) cascade. Immunohistochemical (IHC) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis indicated that DMB also has inhibitory effects on collagen synthesis and is able to increase collagen degradation by blocking the transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β1)-Smad signaling and reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs). These findings indicate that DMB has the potential to attenuate hepatic fibrosis via suppressing HSC activation.
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5
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Cha JY, Kim SY. Anti-melanogenesis in B16F0 Melanoma Cells by Extract of Fermented Cordyceps militaris Containing High Cordycepin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2013.23.12.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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6
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Inhibitory effect and mechanism on melanogenesis from fermented herbal composition for medical or food uses. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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Cha JY, Kim YS, Moon HI, Cho YS. RETRACTED: Hepatoprotective effects on alcoholic liver disease of fermented silkworms withBacillussubtilisandAspergillus kawachii. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2011; 63:537-47. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2011.607801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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8
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Braz MM, Ramalho FS, Cardoso RL, Zucoloto S, Costa RS, Ramalho LNZ. Slight activation of nuclear factor kappa-B is associated with increased hepatic stellate cell apoptosis in human schistosomal fibrosis. Acta Trop 2010; 113:66-71. [PMID: 19781518 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between NF-kappaB activation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, hepatic biopsies from patients with Schistosoma mansoni-induced periportal fibrosis, hepatitis C virus-induced cirrhosis, and normal liver were submitted to alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and NF-kappaB p65 immunohistochemistry, as well as to NF-kappaB Southwestern histochemistry and TUNEL assay. The numbers of alpha-SMA-positive cells and NF-kappaB- and NF-kappaB p65-positive HSC nuclei were reduced in schistosomal fibrosis relative to liver cirrhosis. In addition, increased HSC NF-kappaB p65 and TUNEL labeling was observed in schistosomiasis when compared to cirrhosis.These results suggest a possible relationship between the slight activation of the NF-kappaB complex and the increase of apoptotic HSC number in schistosome-induced fibrosis, taking place to a reduced HSC number in schistosomiasis in relation to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, the NF-kappaB pathway may constitute an important down-regulatory mechanism in the pathogenesis of human schistosomiasis mansoni, although further studies are needed to refine the understanding of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Braz
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine of Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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9
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Yuan LP, Chen FH, Ling L, Bo H, Chen ZW, Li F, Zhong MM, Xia LJ. Protective effects of total flavonoids of Bidens bipinnata L. against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2009. [PMID: 18812033 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.10.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bidens bipinnata L. is well known in China as a traditional Chinese medicine and has been used to treat hepatitis in clinics for many years. In a previous study we found that total flavonoids of Bidens bipinnata L. (TFB) had a protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice. Now this study was designed to investigate its therapeutic effect against CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and to determine, in part, its mechanism of action. The liver fibrosis model was established by subcutaneous injection of 50% CCl4 twice a week for 18 weeks. TFB (40, 80 and 160 mg kg(-1)) was administered by gastrogavage daily from the 9th week. The results showed that TFB (80 and 160 mg kg(-1)) treatment for 10 weeks significantly reduced the elevated liver index (liver weight/body weight) and spleen index (spleen weight/body weight), elevated levels of serum transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), hyaluronic acid, type III procollagen and hepatic hydroxyproline. In addition, TFB markedly inhibited CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, TFB (80 and 160 mg kg(-1)) treatment improved the morphologic changes of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 and suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) protein expression and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 gene expression in the liver of liver fibrosis of rats. In conclusion, TFB was able to ameliorate liver injury and protect rats from CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress. This process may be related to inhibiting the induction of NF-kappaB on hepatic stellate cell activation and the expression of TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China 230022
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10
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Marchitti SA, Orlicky DJ, Vasiliou V. Expression and initial characterization of human ALDH3B1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 356:792-8. [PMID: 17382292 PMCID: PMC1899873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are critical enzymes in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. The human genome contains 19 putatively functional ALDH genes; ALDH3B1 belongs to the ALDH3 family. While recent studies have linked the ALDH3B1 locus to schizophrenia, nothing was known, until now, about the properties and significance of the ALDH3B1 protein. The aim of this study was to characterize the ALDH3B1 protein. Human ALDH3B1 was baculovirus-expressed and found to be catalytically active towards medium- and long-chain aliphatic aldehydes and the aromatic aldehyde benzaldehyde. Western blot analyses indicate that ALDH3B1 is highly expressed in kidney and liver and moderately expressed in various brain regions. ALDH3B1-transfected HEK293 cells were significantly protected against cytotoxicity induced by the lipid peroxidation product octanal when compared to vector-transfected cells. This study shows for the first time the functionality, expression and protective role of ALDH3B1 and indicates a potential physiological role of ALDH3B1 against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satori A. Marchitti
- Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimmons, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vasilis Vasiliou
- Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
- * Corresponding author: Vasilis Vasiliou, Address: University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 4200 East Ninth Avenue, C238, Denver, Colorado 80262, Phone: 303-315-6153, Fax: 303-315-0274,
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11
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Liu SQ, Yu JP, Chen HL, Luo HS, Chen SM, Yu HG. Therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba extract on liver fibrosis in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2006; 34:99-114. [PMID: 16437743 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x06003679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can be implicated as a cause of liver fibrosis. In this sense, Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGB), an antioxidant, may be beneficial in restraining liver fibrosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of EGB on experimental liver fibrosis. Rat liver fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week for 8 weeks. Three groups of rats received EGB (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, respectively) by stomach everyday. CCl4 administration induced liver fibrosis, which was inhibited by EGB in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathologic score of fibrosis, liver function and the levels of plasma hyaluronic acid (HA) and laminin (LN) were significantly improved in rats treated with CCl4 + EGB, compared with those treated with CCl4 only (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were notably elevated, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased in the rats treated with CCl4 + EGB (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). Inhibition of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and nuclear factor kappaBP65 (NF-kappaBP65) expression was demonstrated in the livers of EGB-treated rats. The activation of NF-kappaB was significantly suppressed in EGB-treated rats determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Furthermore, EGB reduced expressions of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and collagen I mRNA. In conclusion, EGB is able to ameliorate liver injury and prevent rats from CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress. This process may be related to inhibiting the induction of NF-kappaB on HSC activation and the expression of TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Quan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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12
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Singh AK, Jiang Y. Differential activation of NF kappa B/RelA-p50 and NF kappa B/p50-p50 in control and alcohol-drinking rats subjected to carrageenin-induced pleurisy. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 13:255-62. [PMID: 15545056 PMCID: PMC1781568 DOI: 10.1080/09629350400003035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrageenin (CAR) injection into the pleural cavity causes local inflammation called carrageenin-induced pleurisy (CAR-IP). Inflammation onset is characterized by an activation of pro-inflammatory NFkappaB, RelA-p50, while inflammation resolution is characterized by an activation of an anti-inflammatory NFkappaB, p50-p50, that re-establishes homeostasis, an essential process for an organism's survival. Although chronic alcohol intake disrupts inflammation, the mechanism behind the development of inflammatory disorder in alcoholics is not yet known. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to study the effects of ethanol intake on CAR-IP and NFkappaB activation in pleural fluid neutrophils in P rats. METHODS Alcohol-preferring, P rats were given free choice of alcohol (15% ethanol) and water or water alone (for control) for 15 days. Then, each rat was injected with 0.2 ml of 2% CAR into the pleural cavity under light ether anesthesia. At different time intervals after the CAR injection, rats were anesthetized and their blood and pleural fluid samples were collected. Pleural fluid inflammatory cells were identified with Turk's or Wright-Giemsa staining. Different cell types were sorted using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Pleural fluid neutrophils were examined for apoptosis and activation of the two NFkappaB subspecies. RESULTS In control rats, fluid began to accumulate in the pleural cavity 0.5 h after, which peaked 24 h after, CAR injection. Then, the values declined gradually. The increase in pleural fluid correlated with RelA-p50 activation, while the decline in pleural fluid correlated with p50-p50 activation and apoptosis in neutrophils. In alcohol-drinking rats, pleural fluid remained elevated for up to 6 days after CAR injection. Neutrophils from alcohol-drinking rats exhibited suppressed apoptosis, augmented RelA-p50 activation, and suppressed p50-p50 activation. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intake prolonged inflammation in P rats. An alcohol-induced upregulation of RelA-p50 activation and downregulation of p50-p50 activation may be causally related to the alcohol-induced inflammation dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Singh
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul Campus, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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13
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Xu XB, Leng XS, He ZP, Liang ZQ. Smad4 antisense gene transfer into ito cells and suppressed extracellular matrix production. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2003; 11:1690-1693. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v11.i11.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate possible role of antisense Smad4 RNA in the regulation of Smad4 and ECM production in Ito cells after blockade of TGF-β1 signal transmission by antisense Smad4.
METHODS A rat Smad4 cDNA (2.5 kb) was inserted in reverse orientation into the adenoviral shuttle vector pAdv5SR (+), and so pAdvATSmad4 was obtained. PAdvATSmad4 was transfected, together with pJM17, into 293 cells by a liposome-mediated technique. We acquired the recombinant virus (AdvATSmad4) containing the anti-Smad4 gene by PCR detecting method. AdvATSmad4 was amplified and purified and then introduced into the rat Ito cell line CFSC.
RESULTS The presence of antisense Smad4 RNA was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of Smad4 and the production of extracellular matrix were markedly decreased in the antisense Smad4 transfected cultured cells by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.
CONCLUSION Antisense RNA of Smad4 can be used successfully to inhibit Ito cell activation, endogenous Smad4 mRNA and extracellular matrix production, and may provide a basis for the development of anti-fibrosis gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Bao Xu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Leng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhen-Ping He
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Center, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Liang
- Maternity Department, Southwestern Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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14
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Vasiliou V, Qamar L, Pappa A, Sophos NA, Petersen DR. Involvement of the electrophile responsive element and p53 in the activation of hepatic stellate cells as a response to electrophile menadione. Arch Biochem Biophys 2003; 413:164-71. [PMID: 12729613 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9861(03)00095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic effects of menadione and hydrogen peroxide were examined in two hepatic stellate cell lines derived from normal or cirrhotic rat liver. The cirrhotic fat-storing cells (CFSC) were found more resistant than the normal fat-storing cells (NFSC) to menadione cytotoxicity. No significant differences were observed in hydrogen peroxide toxicity in these two cell lines. Although protein levels and enzymatic activities of catalase, Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and NADPH cytochrome c reductase were similar in these cell lines, 20-fold increases of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) enzymatic activity and protein levels were detected in CFSC compared to those of NFSC. Gel mobility shift assays and functional analysis using transient transfection experiments indicated the involvement of the electrophile responsive element (EPRE) in the up-regulation of the NQO1 expression. Antibody supershift analysis revealed that, although Nrf2 is a member of the EPRE-binding complex in both NFSC and CFSC, Nrf1 was identified as a part of the protein/DNA complex only in CFSC. Expression of p53 tumor suppressor gene was found in higher levels in CFSC than in NFSC. We conclude that activation of the EPRE-signaling pathway, which up-regulates several phase II genes and affects p53 stabilization, may offer resistance to hepatic stellate cells against oxidative damage during hepatic injury. This resistance may be a part of the activation process of the hepatic stellate cells and could contribute to their increased proliferation and production of extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Vasiliou
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box C238, Denver, CO 80262, USA.
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15
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Manzer R, Pappa A, Estey T, Sladek N, Carpenter JF, Vasiliou V. Ultraviolet radiation decreases expression and induces aggregation of corneal ALDH3A1. Chem Biol Interact 2003; 143-144:45-53. [PMID: 12604188 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Substantial reduction in corneal ALDH3A1 enzymatic activity associated with eye pathology was previously reported in C57BL/6J mice subjected to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The aim of this study was to examine whether UVR diminishes corneal ALDH3A1 expression through modifications at the transcriptional, translational, or post-translational level. Adult C57BL/6J mice were subjected to UVR exposure (302 nm peak wavelength) for various periods of time, and corneal ALDH3A1 mRNA and protein levels were monitored by Northern and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, ALDH3A1 enzymatic activity was determined as a measure of post-translational modification. Mice exposed to 0.2 J/cm(2) UVB radiation demonstrated an extensive decrease, approximately 80%, in mRNA and protein levels, as well as enzymatic activity of corneal ALDH3A1. Significant reductions in corneal ALDH3A1 enzymatic activity were detected in mice 96 h after exposure to 0.05 and 0.1 J/cm(2) UVB radiation; no significant changes were observed in mRNA and protein levels. These data suggest that UVB down-regulates corneal ALDH3A1 expression at the transcriptional and/or post-translational level depending on the dose of UVB. Reduction in gene transcription requires UVB doses greater than or equal to 0.2 J/cm(2). In vitro experiments with human corneal epithelial cell lines stably transfected with human ALDH3A1 cDNA, and with purified recombinant human ALDH3A1 protein, indicated that ALDH3A1 undergoes post-translational modifications after UVR exposure. These modifications result in both covalent and non-covalent aggregation of the protein with no detectable precipitation. Such conformational changes may be associated with the function of ALDH3A1 as a chaperone-like molecule in the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Manzer
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO 80262, USA
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16
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Cheng J, Imanishi H, Liu W, Iwasaki A, Ueki N, Nakamura H, Hada T. Inhibition of the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in human hepatic stellate cell line, LI90, by a selective cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor, NS-398. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 297:1128-34. [PMID: 12372403 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) has been thought to be associated with liver fibrosis whereas it is well known that hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play a central role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. There is little evidence of how COX-2 regulates the activation of human HSC or the mechanism involved. In this study, we investigated the effect of a COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, on a line of human HSC, LI90. Our findings demonstrated that alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) protein expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with NS-398. Proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and cell growth were partially down-regulated. The generation of PGE2, IL-8, IL-6, and hyaluronan in the cultured medium was also inhibited. In conclusion, our findings imply that a selective COX-2 inhibitor might be a potential drug for the chemoprevention and treatment of liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Cheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, 663, Hyogo, Japan.
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17
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Zhang XL, Liu L, Jiang HQ. Salvia miltiorrhiza monomer IH764-3 induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis via caspase-3 activation. World J Gastroenterol 2002; 8:515-9. [PMID: 12046082 PMCID: PMC4656433 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v8.i3.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effects of IH764-3 on HSC apoptosis, and the expression of caspase-3 protein in HSC apoptotic process.
METHODS: HSCs were cultured in medium with different IH764-3 doses (10 μg·mL-1, 20 μg·mL-1, 30 μg·mL-1, 40 μg·mL-1) and without IH764-3, and HSC proliferation was quantitatively measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. The morphological changes of HSCs were observed with transmission electron microscope after exposure to the dose of 40 μg·mL-1 of IH764-3 for 48 hr. The apoptosis rates were detected by annexin V/PI and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of caspase-3 protein was determined by flow cytometry.
RESULTS: (1) HSC proliferation rates induced with different IH764-3 doses (10 μg·mL-1, 20 μg·mL-1, 30 μg·mL-1, 40 μg·mL-1) were significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01). (2) With the doses above, IH764-3 dose-dependently produced HSC apoptosis rates of 6.7% (9.4%), 9.3% (21.6%), 15.1% (27.2%) and 19.0% (28.4%) respectively, by annexin V and PI-labeled flow cytometry assay (or TUNEL), while it was only 2.3% (6.7%) in the control. (3) The expression of caspase-3 protein in IH764-3 groups was significantly higher than that of the control (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Within the dose range used in present study, IH764-3 can inhibit HSC proliferation, as well as enhance HSC apoptosis. Furthermore, IH764-3 can significantly increase the caspase-3 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei Province China
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Pappa A, Sophos NA, Vasiliou V. Corneal and stomach expression of aldehyde dehydrogenases: from fish to mammals. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 130-132:181-91. [PMID: 11306042 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the distribution of the ALDH3A1, ALDH1A1 and ALDH2 proteins in the cornea and stomach of several animal species, including mammals (C57BL/6J and SWR/J mice, rat and pig), birds (chicken and turkey), amphibians (frog) and fish (trout and zebrafish). High ALDH3A1 protein levels and catalytic activities were detected in C57BL/6J mouse, rat and pig. We found complete absence of the ALDH3A1 protein in SWR/J mice, which carry the Aldh3a1(c) allele characterized by four amino acid substitutions (G88R, I154N, H305R and I352V) and lack of enzymatic activity. This indicates that the SWR/J mouse strain is a natural gene knockout model for ALDH3A1. Traces of ALDH3A1 were detected in rabbit, whereas expression was absent from chicken, turkey, frog, trout, and zebrafish. Interestingly, significant levels of the cytosolic ALDH1A1 and mitochondrial ALDH2 proteins were detected by immunoblot analysis in all examined species that are deficient in ALDH3A1 expression. In contrast, no ALDH1A1 or ALDH2 protein was detected in the species expressing ALDH3A1. It can, therefore, be concluded that corneal expression of ALDH3A1 or ALDH1A1/ALDH2 occurs in a taxon-specific manner, supporting the protective role of these ALDHs in cornea against the UV-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pappa
- Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, 80262, Denver, CO, USA
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