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Azzi E, Fayyad-Kazan M, Kabrita CS. Characterization of circulating leptin-receptor levels following acute sleep restriction: A pilot study on healthy adult females. Physiol Behav 2024; 279:114543. [PMID: 38565330 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep adversely affects energy homeostasis by decreasing leptin levels. The underlying physiological mechanisms; however, remain unclear. Circulating leptin is well described to be regulated by its soluble receptor (sOB-R). Intriguingly, the impact of short sleep duration on sOB-R levels has never been characterized. AIM In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the variation of sOB-R levels and its temporal relationship with circulating leptin upon acute sleep restriction. METHODS Five adult females were maintained on an 8-hour sleep schedule (bedtime at 00:00) for 1 week before restricting their sleep to 4.5 h (bedtime at 03:30) on 2 consecutive nights. Balanced meals were scheduled to specific hours and sleep was objectively measured. Four-hour blood samples were regularly collected during waking hours between 08:00 and 00:00. RESULTS Sleep restriction resulted in lower leptin (20.9 ± 1.7 vs 25.7 ± 1.7 ng/ml) and higher sOB-R concentrations (24.4 ± 1.2 vs 19.8 ± 1.6 ng/ml). Neither the discordant temporal relationship nor the pattern of leptin and sOB-R were altered in response to sleep restriction. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sleep restriction may modulate circulating leptin levels and possibly metabolism via upregulating its soluble receptor. This observation may have valuable therapeutic implications when considering sOB-R as a potential target during the management of metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissar Azzi
- Notre Dame University-Louaize (NDU), Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Sciences, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- The American University of Iraq-Baghdad (AUIB), College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Colette S Kabrita
- Notre Dame University-Louaize (NDU), Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Sciences, Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon; The American University of Iraq-Baghdad (AUIB), College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq.
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Tinghäll Nilsson U, Lönnerdal B, Hernell O, Kvistgaard AS, Jacobsen LN, Karlsland Åkeson P. Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1026. [PMID: 38613059 PMCID: PMC11013926 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High protein intake during infancy results in accelerated early weight gain and potentially later obesity. The aim of this follow-up study at 12 months was to evaluate if modified low-protein formulas fed during early infancy have long-term effects on growth and metabolism. In a double-blinded RCT, the ALFoNS study, 245 healthy-term infants received low-protein formulas with either alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal), casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal), or standard infant formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal) between 2 and 6 months of age. Breastfed (BF) infants served as a reference. At 12 months, anthropometrics and dietary intake were assessed, and serum was analyzed for insulin, C-peptide, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Weight gain between 6 and 12 months and BMI at 12 months were higher in the SF than in the BF infants (p = 0.019; p < 0.001, respectively), but were not significantly different between the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. S-insulin and C-peptide were higher in the SF than in the BF group (p < 0.001; p = 0.003, respectively), but more alike in the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. Serum IGF-1 at 12 months was similar in all study groups. Conclusion: Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy seems to reduce insulin resistance, resulting in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants at 6-months post intervention. Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy results in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants 6-months post intervention, probably due to reduced insulin resistance in the low-protein groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | | | | | - Pia Karlsland Åkeson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
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Buonaiuto R, Napolitano F, Parola S, De Placido P, Forestieri V, Pecoraro G, Servetto A, Formisano L, Formisano P, Giuliano M, Arpino G, De Placido S, De Angelis C. Insight on the Role of Leptin: A Bridge from Obesity to Breast Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101394. [PMID: 36291602 PMCID: PMC9599120 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a peptide hormone, mainly known for its role as a mediator of adipose tissue endocrine functions, such as appetite control and energy homeostasis. In addition, leptin signaling is involved in several physiological processes as modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and regulation of sex hormone levels. When adipose tissue expands, an imbalance of adipokines secretion may occur and increasing leptin levels contribute to promoting a chronic inflammatory state, which is largely acknowledged as a hallmark of cancer. Indeed, upon binding its receptor (LEPR), leptin activates several oncogenic pathways, such as JAK/STAT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT, and seems to affect cancer immune response by inducing a proinflammatory immune polarization and eventually enhancing T-cell exhaustion. In particular, obesity-associated hyperleptinemia has been related to breast cancer risk development, although the underlying mechanism is yet to be completely clarified and needs to be deemed in light of multiple variables, such as menopausal state and immune response. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential role of leptin as a bridge between obesity and breast cancer and to establish the physio-pathological basis of the linkage between these major health concerns in order to identify appropriate and novel therapeutic strategies to adopt in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Buonaiuto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Napolitano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Parola
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Forestieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pecoraro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Servetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Formisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grazia Arpino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Liu J, Lai F, Hou Y, Zheng R. Leptin signaling and leptin resistance. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:363-384. [PMID: 37724323 PMCID: PMC10388810 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
With the prevalence of obesity and associated comorbidities, studies aimed at revealing mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis have gained increasing interest. In 1994, the cloning of leptin was a milestone in metabolic research. As an adipocytokine, leptin governs food intake and energy homeostasis through leptin receptors (LepR) in the brain. The failure of increased leptin levels to suppress feeding and elevate energy expenditure is referred to as leptin resistance, which encompasses complex pathophysiological processes. Within the brain, LepR-expressing neurons are distributed in hypothalamus and other brain areas, and each population of the LepR-expressing neurons may mediate particular aspects of leptin effects. In LepR-expressing neurons, the binding of leptin to LepR initiates multiple signaling cascades including janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT), extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, etc., mediating leptin actions. These findings place leptin at the intersection of metabolic and neuroendocrine regulations, and render leptin a key target for treating obesity and associated comorbidities. This review highlights the main discoveries that shaped the field of leptin for better understanding of the mechanism governing metabolic homeostasis, and guides the development of safe and effective interventions to treat obesity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Futing Lai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Hou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruimao Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience of National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Bakshi A, Rai U. In silico analyses of leptin and leptin receptor of spotted snakehead Channa punctata. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270881. [PMID: 35797380 PMCID: PMC9262212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study, in addition to molecular characterization of leptin (lepa) and its receptor (lepr) of spotted snakehead Channa punctata, is focussed on physicochemical, structural, evolutionary and selection pressure analyses which are poorly elucidated in teleosts in spite of that existence of these genes is well reported in several fish species. The putative full-length Lep and Lepr of C. punctata showed conserved structural and functional domains, especially the residues responsible for structural integrity and signal transduction. Conversely, residues predicted essential for Lep-Lepr interaction displayed divergence between teleosts and tetrapods. Impact of substitutions/deletions predicted using protein variation effect analyser tool highlighted species specificity in ligand-receptor interaction. Physicochemical properties of ligand and receptor predicted for the first time in vertebrates revealed high aliphatic and instability indices for both Lepa and Lepr, indicating thermostability of proteins but their instability under ex vivo conditions. Positive grand average of hydropathy score of Lepa suggests its hydrophobic nature conjecturing existence of leptin binding proteins in C. punctata. In addition to disulphide bonding, a novel posttranslational modification (S-126 phosphorylation) was predicted in Lepa of C. punctata. In Lepr, disulphide bond formation and N-linked glycosylation near WSXWS motif in ECD, and phosphorylation at tyrosine residues in ICD were predicted. Leptin and its receptor sequence of C. punctata cladded with its homolog from C. striata and C. argus of order Anabantiformes. Leptin system of Anabantiformes was phylogenetically closer to that of Pleuronectiformes, Scombriformes and Perciformes. Selection pressure analysis showed higher incidence of negative selection in teleostean leptin genes indicating limited adaptation in their structure and function. However, evidence of pervasive and episodic diversifying selection laid a foundation of co-evolution of Lepa and Lepr in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Bakshi
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Umesh Rai
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Vázquez-Solórzano R, Valdés-Miramontes E, Porchas-Quijada M, Enciso-Ramírez M, Contreras-Mata GA, Martínez-Moreno AG, Barajas-García L, Espinoza-García AS, Reyes-Castillo Z. Leptin-reactive antibodies are distinctly correlated with body composition parameters and metabolic risk indexes in children and adolescents. Clin Exp Immunol 2022; 208:233-244. [PMID: 35020844 PMCID: PMC9188341 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the presence of low-affinity immunoglobulins (Igs) directed to leptin, a key hormone of the neuroendocrine axis that regulates appetite and metabolism, in adult healthy subjects, patients with obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present exploratory study, IgG leptin-reactive antibodies were analyzed for the first time in children and adolescents according to body mass index (BMI) and were correlated with biochemical profile (lipid profile, insulin, glucose, and leptin) and metabolic risk indexes [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function (HOMA-β), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)]. One hundred and thirty-six participants were included (children n = 63, adolescents n = 73). An in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was performed to measure IgG anti-leptin antibodies (free, total, and immune complexes). In adolescents, free and total IgG anti-leptin antibodies levels were higher in groups with overweight or obesity than in normal-weight group (P < 0.01), while in children, the total fractions were lower in groups with overweight and obesity than in normal weight (P < 0.02). Immune complexes percentage showed opposite correlations with BMI in children (r = 0.4004, P = 0.0473) and adolescents (r = -0.3983, P = 0.0133). IgG anti-leptin antibodies were also correlated with HOMA-IR in children (r = -0.4569, P = 0.0217) and adolescents (r = -0.3589, P = 0.0316), and with AIP (r = -0.3608, P = 0.0261) in adolescents. Our data suggest that the production and affinity of IgG anti-leptin antibodies can be affected by age, body composition, and metabolic conditions; additionally, in normal conditions, IgG anti-leptin antibodies may have a protective role in insulin resistance and cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Vázquez-Solórzano
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Elia Valdés-Miramontes
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Mildren Porchas-Quijada
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Mayra Enciso-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Guadalupe A Contreras-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Alma Gabriela Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Lourdes Barajas-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Astrid Selene Espinoza-García
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biotecnología para la Salud, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Centro Universitario del Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ciudad Guzmán, México
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7
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Cong R, Zhang X, Song Z, Chen S, Liu G, Liu Y, Pang X, Dong F, Xing W, Wang Y, Xu X. Assessing the Causal Effects of Adipokines on Uric Acid and Gout: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051091. [PMID: 35268067 PMCID: PMC8912555 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous observational studies have highlighted associations between adipokines and hyperuricemia, as well as gout, but the causality and direction of these associations are not clear. Therefore, we attempted to assess whether there are causal effects of specific adipokines (such as adiponectin (ADP) and soluble leptin receptors (sOB-R)) on uric acid (UA) or gout in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, based on summary statistics from large genome-wide association studies. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses (including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, penalized weighted median, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier methods) were also performed, to ensure reliable results. In the IVW models, no causal effect was found for sOB-R (odds ratios (OR), 1.002; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.999–1.004; p = 0.274) on UA, or ADP (OR, 1.198; 95% CI, 0.865–1.659; p = 0.277) or sOB-R (OR, 0.988; 95% CI, 0.940–1.037; p = 0.616) on gout. The results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses. There was no notable directional pleiotropy or heterogeneity. This study suggests that these specific adipokines may not play causal roles in UA or gout development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Cong
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100093, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
| | - Zihong Song
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Guanhua Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Yizhi Liu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Xiuyu Pang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Fang Dong
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Weijia Xing
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6027, Australia
| | - Xizhu Xu
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an 271000, China; (R.C.); (Z.S.); (S.C.); (G.L.); (Y.L.); (X.P.); (F.D.); (W.X.)
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an 271000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0538-623-1238
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Malczyk Ż, Roczniak W, Mazur B, Kwiecień J, Ziora K, Górska-Flak K, Oświęcimska J. Exocrine Pancreatic Function in Girls with Anorexia Nervosa. Nutrients 2021; 13:3280. [PMID: 34579156 PMCID: PMC8465751 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess pancreatic exocrine function in patients with anorexia nervosa using a breath test with 13C-labeled mixed triglycerides (MTG-BT) and to determine the relationship between the test results and selected biochemical and hormonal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometric measurements, biochemical and hormonal parameters (serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLR), acylated and desacylated ghrelin, free leptin index (FLI)), and MTG-BT were performed in a group of 31 girls with the restrictive type of AN, as well as 38 healthy girls (C). RESULTS The average cumulative dose of 13C-triglycerides recovered with exhaled air (%CD) was similar in both study groups, while the average time from 13C-triglycerides administration to peak 13CO2 excretion in expired air (time to peak (TTP)) was significantly longer in patients with AN compared to C. In both groups, %CD correlated negatively with FLI. TTP correlated negatively with sLR and FLI in the AN and with serum insulin and HOMA-IR values in the C. CONCLUSIONS In girls with AN, the pancreatic efficiency of lipase secretion was found to be normal, while the kinetics of this enzyme secretion were disturbed. These changes may result from disorders in the functioning of the adipose-insular and islet-acinar axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Malczyk
- Chair and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (J.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Wojciech Roczniak
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (W.R.); (J.O.)
| | - Bogdan Mazur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Kwiecień
- Chair and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (J.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Katarzyna Ziora
- Chair and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 3 Maja 13/15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; (J.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Karolina Górska-Flak
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, University of Opole, Al. Wincentego Witosa 26, 45-401 Opole, Poland;
| | - Joanna Oświęcimska
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, ul. Mickiewicza 21, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (W.R.); (J.O.)
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Kargasheh FB, Ansaripour S, Borumandnia N, Moradi N, Zandieh Z, Maleki M, Mokhtar S, Karimi A, Fatemi F, Kheirollahi A, Vatannejad A. Association of leptin G2548A and leptin receptor Q223R polymorphisms and their serum levels with infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255920. [PMID: 34407095 PMCID: PMC8372961 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipokine leptin plays a crucial role in metabolic and reproductive functions. Leptin receptor has a soluble form that binds to leptin, thus modulating its level in the circulation. It has been indicated that the levels of leptin and leptin receptor and also LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms are associated with metabolic disorders. In the present study, we assessed the levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), and also the frequency of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms in healthy fertile women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), inclusive of PCOS-infertile and PCOS-recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) subjects. Methods A total of 324 PCOS patients- including 199 infertile cases and 125 patients with a history of RPL- and 144 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters and plasma leptin and sOB-R levels were measured by ELISA and the genotypes of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were determined using PCR- RFLP. Results Plasma leptin and sOB-R levels were significantly higher and lower in PCOS, PCOS-infertile and PCOS RPL groups, respectively. The GG genotype frequencies of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were significantly different between PCOS-infertile women and non-PCOS subjects (P = 0.043, OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22–0.97, and P = 0.01, OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12–0.75, respectively). Increased LEP levels were associated with the risk of PCOS and RPL in women with PCOS (P = 0.039, OR = 1.203, 95%CI = [1.009–1.435] and P = 0.012, OR = 1.267, 95% CI = [1.054–1.522], respectively). Conclusion Polymorphisms rs7799039 and rs1137101 and circulating leptin and sOB-R levels were associated with infertility in Iranian women with PCOS. Further studies are needed to reveal the role of leptin in PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheila Ansaripour
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Borumandnia
- Urology and Nephrology Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Maleki
- Department of Biology, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Mokhtar
- Avicenna Infertility Clinic, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Karimi
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Fatemi
- Avicenna Infertility Clinic, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (AK); (AV)
| | - Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (AK); (AV)
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10
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Karampela I, Chrysanthopoulou E, Skyllas G, Christodoulatos GS, Kandri E, Antonakos G, Stratigou T, Armaganidis A, Dalamaga M. Circulating leptin, soluble leptin receptor and free leptin index in critically ill patients with sepsis: a prospective observational study. Minerva Anestesiol 2021; 87:880-890. [PMID: 34102805 DOI: 10.23736/s0375-9393.21.15368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin, the prototype adipokine, exerts immunomodulatory actions being implicated in inflammatory responses during sepsis. Clinical evidence regarding its role in sepsis has been contradictory, while free leptin has not been studied. Our aim was to jointly investigate circulating total leptin, its soluble receptor (sOBR), and free leptin, as well as their kinetics in critically ill patients with sepsis regarding their diagnostic and prognostic value. METHODS In a prospective study, serum total leptin, sOBR and free leptin index (FLI) were determined in 102 critically ill patients with sepsis within 48 hours from sepsis onset and one week after enrollment, and in 102 age and gender-matched healthy controls. RESULTS Upon enrollment, total leptin, sOB-R and FLI were significantly higher in septic patients compared to controls and they were positively correlated with sepsis severity scores, while they presented a significant decrease during the first week (p<0.001). The decrease in total leptin and sOB-R was significantly higher in patients with sepsis compared to septic shock and in survivors compared to nonsurvivors at 28 days (p<0.001). Higher serum total leptin was independently associated with survival at 28 days (enrollment: HR 0.86, p=0.03; one week after: HR 0.77, p<0.001). Higher kinetics of total leptin (but not FLI) was independently associated with survival after adjustment (HR: 0.48, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating total leptin and its higher kinetics during the first week from sepsis onset independently predict 28 day survival in critically ill patients. Free leptin did not present any additional diagnostic and prognostic value in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece -
| | - Evangelia Chrysanthopoulou
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - George Skyllas
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Kandri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Antonakos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Theodora Stratigou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Armaganidis
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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11
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Ding N, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Herman WH, Calafat AM, Mukherjee B, Park SK. Associations of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS mixtures with adipokines in midlife women. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 235:113777. [PMID: 34090141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure have been associated with obesity and related comorbidities, possibly through disrupting signaling pathways of adipokines. Both leptin and adiponectin can modulate metabolic processes. However, the effects of PFAS on adipokines are not well understood. OBJECTIVE We determined if serum PFAS concentrations were associated with adipokine profiles in midlife women. METHODS We examined 1245 women aged 45-56 years from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Concentrations of 11 PFAS were quantified in baseline serum samples collected in 1999-2000. Linear and branched perfluorooctane sulfonic acid isomers (n-PFOS and Sm-PFOS) and their sum (PFOS), linear perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (MeFOSAA), and 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid (EtFOSAA) with detection frequencies >60% were included in the analysis. Adipokines including leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), free leptin index (FLI, the ratio of leptin to sOB-R), total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin were assessed in 2002-2003. We utilized multivariable linear regressions and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess individual and overall joint effects of PFAS on adipokines with adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, study site, education, smoking status, physical activity, menopausal status, and waist circumference. RESULTS A doubling of PFAS concentrations was associated with 7.8% (95% CI: 2.5%, 13.4%) higher FLI for PFOS, 9.4% (95% CI: 3.7%, 15.3%) for n-PFOA, 5.5% (95% CI: 2.2%, 9.0%) for EtFOSAA and 7.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 12.2%) for MeFOSAA. Similar associations were found for leptin. Only EtFOSAA was associated with lower sOB-R concentrations (-1.4%, 95% CI: -2.7%, -0.1%). Results remained in women with overweight or obesity but not those with normal weight or underweight. No statistically significant associations were observed with total or HMW adiponectin, except for PFNA with total and HMW adiponectin observed in women with normal weight or underweight. In BKMR analysis, women with PFAS concentrations at the median and the 90th percentile had 30.9% (95% CI: 15.6%, 48.3%) and 52.1% (95% CI: 27.9%, 81.0%) higher FLI, respectively, compared with those with concentrations fixed at the 10th percentile. CONCLUSION Some PFAS may alter circulating levels of leptin. Understanding associations between PFAS and adipokines may help elucidate whether PFAS can influence obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - William H Herman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Kyun Park
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Quantile-specific heritability of sibling leptin concentrations and its implications for gene-environment interactions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22152. [PMID: 33335207 PMCID: PMC7747738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
"Quantile-dependent expressivity" occurs when the effect size of a genetic variant depends upon whether the phenotype (e.g., leptin) is high or low relative to its distribution. Leptin concentrations are strongly related to adiposity, whose heritability is quantile dependent. Whether inheritance of leptin concentrations is quantile dependent, and whether this explains the greater heritability in women than men in accordance with their greater adiposity, and explains other gene-environment interactions, remains to be determined. Therefore, leptin and leptin receptor concentrations from 3068 siblings in 1133 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study Third Generation Cohort were analyzed. Free leptin index (FLI) was calculated as the ratio of leptin to soluble leptin receptor concentrations. Full-sib (βFS) regression slopes were robustly estimated by quantile regression with nonparametric significance assigned from 1000 bootstrap samples. The analyses showed βFS increased significantly with increasing percentiles of the offspring's age- and sex-adjusted leptin distribution (Plinear = 0.0001), which was accelerated at the higher concentrations (Pquadratic = 0.0003). βFS at the 90th percentile (0.418 ± 0.066) was 4.7-fold greater than at the 10th percentile (0.089 ± 0.032, Pdifference = 3.6 × 10-6). Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, the βFS was greater in female sibs, which was attributable to their higher leptin concentrations. Reported gene-environment interactions involving adiposity and LEP, LEPR, MnSOD, PPARγ, PPARγ2, and IRS-1 polymorphisms were consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity of leptin concentrations. βFS for leptin receptor concentrations and free leptin index also increased significantly with increasing percentiles of their distributions (Plinear = 0.04 and Plinear = 8.5 × 10-6, respectively). In conclusion, inherited genetic and shared environmental effects on leptin concentrations were quantile dependent, which likely explains male-female differences in heritability and some gene-environment interactions.
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13
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Drori A, Gammal A, Azar S, Hinden L, Hadar R, Wesley D, Nemirovski A, Szanda G, Salton M, Tirosh B, Tam J. CB 1R regulates soluble leptin receptor levels via CHOP, contributing to hepatic leptin resistance. eLife 2020; 9:60771. [PMID: 33210603 PMCID: PMC7728447 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The soluble isoform of leptin receptor (sOb-R), secreted by the liver, regulates leptin bioavailability and bioactivity. Its reduced levels in diet-induced obesity (DIO) contribute to hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance, effects that are regulated by the endocannabinoid (eCB)/CB1R system. Here we show that pharmacological activation/blockade and genetic overexpression/deletion of hepatic CB1R modulates sOb-R levels and hepatic leptin resistance. Interestingly, peripheral CB1R blockade failed to reverse DIO-induced reduction of sOb-R levels, increased fat mass and dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis in mice lacking C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), whereas direct activation of CB1R in wild-type hepatocytes reduced sOb-R levels in a CHOP-dependent manner. Moreover, CHOP stimulation increased sOb-R expression and release via a direct regulation of its promoter, while CHOP deletion reduced leptin sensitivity. Our findings highlight a novel molecular aspect by which the hepatic eCB/CB1R system is involved in the development of hepatic leptin resistance and in the regulation of sOb-R levels via CHOP. When the human body has stored enough energy from food, it releases a hormone called leptin that travels to the brain and stops feelings of hunger. This hormone moves through the bloodstream and can affect other organs, such as the liver, which also help control our body’s energy levels. Most people with obesity have very high levels of leptin in their blood, but are resistant to its effects and will therefore continue to feel hungry despite having stored enough energy. One of the proteins that controls the levels of leptin is a receptor called sOb-R, which is released by the liver and binds to leptin as it travels in the blood. Individuals with high levels of this receptor often have less free leptin in their bloodstream and a lower body weight. Another protein that helps the body to regulate its energy levels is the cannabinoid-1 receptor, or CB1R for short. In people with obesity, this receptor is overactive and has been shown to contribute to leptin resistance, which is when the brain becomes less receptive to leptin. Previous work in mice showed that blocking CB1R reduced the levels of leptin and allowed mice to react to this hormone normally again, but it remained unclear whether CB1R affects how other organs, such as the liver, respond to leptin. To answer this question, Drori et al. blocked the CB1R receptor in the liver of mice eating a high-fat diet, either by using a drug or by deleting the gene that codes for this protein. This caused mice to have higher levels of sOb-R circulating in their bloodstream. Further experiments showed that this change in sOb-R was caused by the levels of a protein called CHOP increasing in the liver when CB1R was blocked. Drori et al. found that inhibiting CB1R caused these obese mice to lose weight and have healthier, less fatty livers as a result of their livers no longer being resistant to the effects of leptin. Scientists, doctors and pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop new strategies to combat obesity. The results from these experiments suggest that blocking CB1R in the liver could allow this organ to react to leptin appropriately again. Drugs blocking CB1R, including the one used in this study, will be tested in clinical trials and could provide a new approach for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Drori
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asaad Gammal
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Azar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liad Hinden
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rivka Hadar
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Wesley
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse & Alcoholism, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alina Nemirovski
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gergő Szanda
- MTA-SE Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maayan Salton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Tirosh
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Tam
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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14
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The association of anthropometric parameters with markers of insulin and leptin secretion and resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the association between anthropometric parameters and markers of insulin and leptin secretion/resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Material and methods: This post-hoc data analysis from a cross-sectional study included 176 T2DM patients. Laboratory tests (serum leptin, soluble form of leptin receptor (sObR), C peptide, glycemic and lipid parameters) and anthropometric parameters were obtained, adiposity indexes (including body adiposity index (BAI), visceral adiposity index (VAI)), indicators of insulin resistance, β-cell function, and leptin resistance (Free Leptin Index, FLI) were calculated.
Results: The body mass index (BMI), diabetes duration, VAI and leptin correlated independently with HOMA-IR, while BMI, diabetes duration and HbA1c with HOMA-B. The total body fat mass (TBFM), C peptide, diabetes duration, BMI and BAI correlated with leptin concentrations, while the first three with FLI. VAI was an indicator of insulin resistance (β=0.166, p=0.003), while BAI of leptin secretion (β=0.260, p=0.010). TBFM strongly associated with leptin resistance and secretion (β=0.037, r=0.688, p<0.0001, and β=0.521, r=0.667, p<0.0001), and BMI correlated weakly with insulin secretion and resistance. While insulin and leptin secretion increased progressively with BMI, leptin and insulin resistance became significant only in case of obesity. The sObR was significantly associated with C peptide concentrations (β=-0.032; p=0.044), but not with HOMA-B or -IR. A strong positive correlation between the C peptide/leptin ratio and non-fat mass /TBFM ratio was noted (r=0.62 [0.52, 0.71], p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Parameters of peripheral adiposity correlated better with markers of leptin system, and those of visceral adiposity with markers of insulin secretion/resistance. The sObR correlated independently and negatively with C peptide.
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15
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Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that plays a major role as mediator of long-term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake, and stimulating weight loss. More recently, important physiological roles other than controlling appetite and energy expenditure have been suggested for leptin, including neuroendocrine, reparative, reproductive, and immune functions. These emerging peripheral roles let hypothesize that leptin can modulate also cancer progression. Indeed, many studies have demonstrated that elevated chronic serum concentrations of leptin, frequently seen in obese subjects, represent a stimulatory signal for tumor growth. Current knowledge indicates that also different non-tumoral cells resident in tumor microenvironment may respond to leptin creating a favorable soil for cancer cells. In addition, leptin is produced also within the tumor microenvironment creating the possibility for paracrine and autocrine action. In this review, we describe the main mechanisms that regulate peripheral leptin availability and how leptin can shape tumor microenvironment.
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16
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Kulik-Rechberger B, Bury AM, Rakuś-Kwiatosz A, Beń-Skowronek I. Cortisol, leptin and free leptin index (FLI) in newborns in the first days of life and their importance for body weight programming. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:141. [PMID: 31706341 PMCID: PMC6842525 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0743-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birth weight and leptin seem to be the factors responsible for early programming of body weight in later life. A marker for leptin action is free leptin index (FLI), which depends on soluble leptin receptor (Ob-Re) (FLI = leptin/Ob-Re). In the present article, we suggest that FLI is modulated partly by cortisol variations observed in newborns in the first days of life and is connected with their postnatal weight loss. METHODS The study group consisted of 44 full-term newborns. Leptin, cortisol and Ob-Re concentrations were determined in the umbilical cord blood (UCB) and in the newborns' blood (NB) on the fourth day of life, free leptin index (FLI = leptin/Ob-Re) was calculated. Correlations between the assessed parameters and the somatic features of the newborns were examined. RESULTS Birth weight, length and chest circumference of newborns were positively correlated with leptin concentration in the UCB but not with FLI in the UCB. Cortisol and leptin concentrations, as well as FLI values declined concomitantly with body weight, and were lower on the fourth day of life than on the first one; however, Ob-Re concentration increased (p < 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between the newborns' birth weight loss percentage evaluated on the fourth day of life and FLI in newborns (R = 0.39; p < 0.01). Positive correlations between cortisol and Ob-Re in UCB (R = 0.35; p < 0.02) and in NB (R = 0.36; p < 0.01), as well as a negative correlation between cortisol and FLI (R = -0.32; p < 0.03) in NB were noted. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a possible relationship between cortisol and a soluble leptin receptor (Ob-Re), which changes free leptin index (FLI) and is connected with birth weight loss in newborns. Whether these observations are important for programming of future body weight of children requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Kulik-Rechberger
- Department of Paediatric Propedeutics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. A. Gebali 9, 20-091, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bury
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rakuś-Kwiatosz
- Department of Paediatric Propedeutics, Medical University of Lublin, ul. A. Gebali 9, 20-091, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Iwona Beń-Skowronek
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Palou M, Picó C, Palou A. Leptin as a breast milk component for the prevention of obesity. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:875-892. [PMID: 30285146 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuy046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin ingested as a component of breast milk is increasingly recognized to play a role in the postnatal programming of a healthy phenotype in adulthood. Besides its primary function in controlling body weight, leptin may be an essential nutrient required during lactation to ensure that the system controlling fat accumulation and body composition is well organized from the early stages of development. This review delves into the following topics: (1) the imprinted protective function of adequate leptin intake during lactation in future metabolic health; (2) the consequences of a lack of leptin intake or of alterations in leptin levels; and (3) the mechanisms described for the effects of leptin on postnatal programming. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of breastfeeding and the need to establish optimal or reference intake values for leptin during lactation to design patterns of personalized nutrition from early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica SL, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina Picó
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Nutrigenomics and Obesity Group, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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18
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Yamada R, Odamaki S, Araki M, Watanabe T, Matsuo K, Uchida K, Kato T, Ozaki-Masuzawa Y, Takenaka A. Dietary protein restriction increases hepatic leptin receptor mRNA and plasma soluble leptin receptor in male rodents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219603. [PMID: 31306448 PMCID: PMC6629078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates adipose tissue mass through membrane-anchored leptin receptor (Ob-R). Extracellular domain of Ob-R in plasma is called soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R), and is the main leptin-binding protein. Based on a previous DNA microarray analysis that showed induction of hepatic Ob-R mRNA in low-protein diet-fed mice, this study aimed to clarify the effect of dietary protein restriction on hepatic Ob-R mRNA and plasma sOb-R levels. First, the effect of protein restriction on hepatic Ob-R mRNA level was examined together with fasting and food restriction using male rats as common experimental model for nutritional research. Hepatic Ob-R mRNA level was increased by feeding low-protein diet for 7 d, although not significantly influenced by 12-h fasting and sixty percent restriction in food consumption. Then, effect of protein restriction on liver Ob-R and plasma sOb-R was investigated using male mice because specific sOb-R ELISA was more available for mice. Hepatic Ob-R mRNA level was also increased in protein restricted-mice although it did not increase in hypothalamus. Hepatic Ob-R protein was decreased, whereas plasma sOb-R was increased by protein restriction. Because the concentration of sOb-R increased without changing plasma leptin concentration, free leptin in plasma was significantly reduced. The direct effect of amino acid deprivation on Ob-R mRNA level was not observed in rat hepatoma cells H4IIE cultured in amino acid deprived medium. In conclusion, dietary protein restriction increased hepatic Ob-R mRNA, resulting in increased plasma sOb-R concentration, which in turn, reduces plasma free leptin level and may modulate leptin activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riho Yamada
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shizuka Odamaki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaya Araki
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Matsuo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kaito Uchida
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Taku Kato
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yori Ozaki-Masuzawa
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Asako Takenaka
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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19
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Baden MY, Satija A, Hu FB, Huang T. Change in Plant-Based Diet Quality Is Associated with Changes in Plasma Adiposity-Associated Biomarker Concentrations in Women. J Nutr 2019; 149:676-686. [PMID: 30927000 PMCID: PMC6461739 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthful plant-based diet is associated with lower risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, it is still unclear whether such benefits are due to its favorable effects on adiposity-associated biomarkers. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations between biomarkers and 3 plant-based diet indices: an overall plant-based diet index (PDI); a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI); and an unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). METHODS In the Nurses' Health Study II, 831 women [baseline mean age: 45 y; body mass index (BMI, kg/m2): 24.6] were randomly selected from those who provided 2 blood samples in 1996-1999 and 2010-2011 to measure plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), insulin, retinol-binding protein-4, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Plant-based diet indices were derived from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires assessed at each blood collection. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate cross-sectional associations, and general linear models were used to evaluate longitudinal associations. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses with multivariable adjustment including BMI, higher hPDI was associated with lower concentrations of leptin, insulin, and hsCRP, and higher adiponectin and sOB-R concentrations (biomarker differences per 10-point higher hPDI: -7.2%, -10.0%, -13.6%, 3.0%, and 1.9%, respectively; P ≤ 0.025). A higher uPDI was associated with higher concentrations of leptin and insulin (4.4% and 4.8%, respectively; P ≤ 0.048). In longitudinal analyses with multivariable adjustment including weight change, an increase in hPDI (improved plant-based diet quality) was inversely associated with changes in leptin and hsCRP (biomarker changes per 10-point hPDI increase: -7.7% and -17.8%, respectively; P ≤ 0.005), whereas an increase in uPDI (worsened plant-based diet quality) was positively associated with changes in leptin, hsCRP, and IL-6 (10.1%, 13.5%, and 12.4%, respectively; P ≤ 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a healthful plant-based diet is associated with favorable long-term changes in adiposity-associated biomarker concentrations in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megu Y Baden
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ambika Satija
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Departments of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Cataldo LR, Suazo J, Olmos P, Bravo C, Galgani JE, Fex M, Martínez JA, Santos JL. Platelet Serotonin Levels Are Associated with Plasma Soluble Leptin Receptor Concentrations in Normoglycemic Women. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2714049. [PMID: 31192261 PMCID: PMC6525868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2714049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)) is synthetized in the gut with platelets being its main circulating reservoir. 5HT is acting as a hormone in key organs to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the relation between platelet 5HT levels and traits related to glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans remains poorly explored. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and some adipokines including leptin and its soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R), (b) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and anthropometric traits and indexes of insulin secretion/sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and (c) to evaluate changes in platelet 5HT levels in response to OGTT. In a cross-sectional study, 59 normoglycemic women underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT. Plasma leptin, sOb-R, total and high molecular weight adiponectin, TNFα, and MCP1 were determined by immunoassays. Platelet 5HT levels and NEFAs were measured before and after OGTT. The free leptin index was calculated from leptin and sOb-R measurements. Insulin sensitivity indexes derived from OGTT (HOMA-S and Matsuda ISICOMP) and plasma NEFAs (Adipose-IR, Revised QUICKI) were also calculated. Our data show that among metabolic traits, platelet 5HT levels were associated with plasma sOb-R (r = 0.39, p = 0.003, corrected p = 0.018). Platelet 5HT levels were reduced in response to OGTT (779 ± 237 vs.731 ± 217 ng/109 platelets, p = 0.005). In conclusion, platelet 5HT levels are positively associated with plasma sOb-R concentrations and reduced in response to glucose intake possibly indicating a role of peripheral 5HT in leptin-mediated appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bravo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Insights into leptin signaling and male reproductive health: the missing link between overweight and subfertility? Biochem J 2018; 475:3535-3560. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity stands as one of the greatest healthcare challenges of the 21st century. Obesity in reproductive-age men is ever more frequent and is reaching upsetting levels. At the same time, fertility has taken an inverse direction and is decreasing, leading to an increased demand for fertility treatments. In half of infertile couples, there is a male factor alone or combined with a female factor. Furthermore, male fertility parameters such as sperm count and concentration went on a downward spiral during the last few decades and are now approaching the minimum levels established to achieve successful fertilization. Hence, the hypothesis that obesity and deleterious effects in male reproductive health, as reflected in deterioration of sperm parameters, are somehow related is tempting. Most often, overweight and obese individuals present leptin levels directly proportional to the increased fat mass. Leptin, besides the well-described central hypothalamic effects, also acts in several peripheral organs, including the testes, thus highlighting a possible regulatory role in male reproductive function. In the last years, research focusing on leptin effects in male reproductive function has unveiled additional roles and molecular mechanisms of action for this hormone at the testicular level. Herein, we summarize the novel molecular signals linking metabolism and male reproductive function with a focus on leptin signaling, mitochondria and relevant pathways for the nutritional support of spermatogenesis.
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22
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Martin LJ, Roumaud P. Modulation of the transcriptomic profile of the R2C tumor Leydig cell line by the adipose tissue derived hormone leptin. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:440-449. [PMID: 30174195 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is an important adipose derived hormone being secreted by adipocytes and involved in appetite regulation. Disruption of normal plasma levels of leptin has been associated with the pathogenesis of obesity. It is now well established that obesity is associated to an increased risk of cancer development, including testicular cancers. Recently, we have shown that high levels of leptin have inhibitory effects on cAMP-dependent steroidogenic genes expression in MA-10 Leydig cells. Hence, we examined if leptin could alter the transcriptome of the constitutively steroidogenic rat tumor Leydig cell line R2C. These cells were treated with high levels of leptin (1000 ng/ml) for 4 h, followed by mRNA extraction and RNA-Seq analysis. Interestingly, leptin had no effect on steroidogenic gene expression or pathways promoting tumorigenesis of this cell line. Genes being upregulated or downregulated by leptin were enriched in biological processes that were non-relevant to Leydig cell function. Surprisingly, lepr isoforms were weakly expressed in R2C cells and may explain in part the low levels of leptin's response for tumor Leydig cells. Hence, the current findings suggest that acute treatments of tumor Leydig cells with high levels of leptin have negligible effects on transcriptomics and rather supports that leptin would have a central effect on the hypothalamus to influence testicular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9 Canada.
| | - Pauline Roumaud
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9 Canada
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Mathew H, Castracane VD, Mantzoros C. Adipose tissue and reproductive health. Metabolism 2018; 86:18-32. [PMID: 29155136 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of adipose tissue role has evolved from that of a depot energy storage organ to a dynamic endocrine organ. While genetics, sexual phenotype and sex steroids can impact the mass and distribution of adipose tissue, there is a counter-influence of white adipocytes on reproduction. This primarily occurs via the secretion of adipokines, the most studied of which- leptin and adiponectin- are highlighted in this article. Leptin, the "satiety hormone" primarily acts on the hypothalamus via pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons to translate acute changes in nutrition and energy expenditure, as well as chronic adipose accumulation into changes in appetite and potentially mediate insulin resistance via shared pathway and notably impacting reproductive health via influence on GnRH secreting neurons. Meanwhile, adiponectin is notable for its action in mediating insulin sensitivity, with receptors found at every level of the reproductive axis. Both have been examined in the context of physiologic and pathologic reproductive conditions. Leptin has been shown to influence puberty, pregnancy, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and lipodystrophy, and with a potential therapeutic role for both metabolic and reproductive health. Adiponectin mediates the relative state of insulin resistance in pregnancy, and has been implicated in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome and reproductive malignancies. There are numerous other adipokines, including resistin, visfatin, chemerin and retinol binding protein-4, which may also play roles in reproductive health and disease states. The continued examination of these and other adipokines in both normal reproduction and reproductive pathologies represents an important avenue for continued study. Here, we seek to provide a broad, yet comprehensive overview of many facets of these relationships and highlight areas of consideration for clinicians and future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Mathew
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - V Daniel Castracane
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX, USA
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to present current information on genes underlying severe obesity, with the main emphasis on the three genes LEP, LEPR and MC4R. RECENT FINDINGS There is a substantial amount of evidence that variants in at least ten different genes are the cause of severe monogenic obesity. The majority of these are involved in the leptin-melanocortin signalling pathway. Due to the frequency of some of the identified variants, it is clear that monogenic variants also make a significant contribution to common obesity. The artificial distinction between rare monogenic obesity and common polygenic obesity is now obsolete with the identification of MC4R variants of strong effect in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Fairbrother
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, North Campus, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK
| | - Elliot Kidd
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, North Campus, 166-220 Holloway Road, London, N7 8DB, UK
| | - Tanya Malagamuwa
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew Walley
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, Tooting, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
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Imperatore R, Coccia E, D'Angelo L, Varricchio E, De Girolamo P, Paolucci M. Evidence for leptin receptor immunoreactivity in the gastrointestinal tract and gastric leptin regulation in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Ann Anat 2018; 220:70-78. [PMID: 30114450 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, evidence for leptin receptor (LR) and gastric leptin immunoreactivity along the digestive tract of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), is reported. Besides this, the regulation of gastric leptin and its transcript by fatty acids was analyzed in vitro. LR was detected mainly in the cells of the stomach gastric glands and in the brush border of the epithelium of the anterior, middle and distal intestine. In the stomach LR was co-distributed with leptin. The regulation of gastric leptin and its transcript by fatty acids was analyzed by in vitro incubations. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies anti rainbow trout leptin were developed and employed to detect leptin concentration in the stomach and in the incubation medium. Stomach slices were incubated with butyric (4:0), oleic (18:1n-9), α-linolenic (18:3n-3) and arachidonic fatty acids (20:4n-6). All fatty acids caused an increase in the protein in both the stomach and culture medium, while leptin transcript was not modified. Overall, the results confirm the gastric leptin release upon nutritional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Imperatore
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Elena Coccia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Livia D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Varricchio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Paolo De Girolamo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Sudhakar M, Silambanan S, Chandran AS, Prabhakaran AA, Ramakrishnan R. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Leptin Receptor in Obesity: Binding of Monomeric CRP to Leptin Receptor. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1167. [PMID: 29910808 PMCID: PMC5992430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While leptin deficiency or dysfunction leads to morbid obesity, obese subjects are characterized paradoxically by hyperleptinemia indicating lack of response to leptin. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been suggested to be a key plasma protein that could bind to leptin. To examine whether CRP interferes with leptin action, mediated through its cell surface receptor, docking studies of CRP with the extracellular domain of the leptin receptor were done employing bioinformatics tools. Monomeric CRP docked with better Z-rank score and more non-bond interactions than pentameric CRP at the CRH2–FNIII domain proximal to the cell membrane, distinct from the leptin-docking site. Interaction of CRP with leptin receptor was validated by solid phase binding assay and co-immunoprecipitation of CRP and soluble leptin receptor (sOb R) from human plasma. Analysis of the serum levels of leptin, CRP, and sOb R by ELISA showed that CRP levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) in non-morbid obese subjects (n = 42) compared to lean subjects (n = 32) and correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001) and leptin (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001); levels of sOb R were significantly low in obese subjects (p < 0.001) and showed a negative correlation with BMI (r = −0.26, p < 0.05) and leptin (r = −0.23, p < 0.05) indicating a minimal role for sOb R in sequestering leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Sudhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhi Silambanan
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhinand S Chandran
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Athira A Prabhakaran
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ramya Ramakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mosavat M, Omar SZ, Tan PC, Razif MFM, Sthaneshwar P. Leptin and soluble leptin receptor in association with gestational diabetes: a prospective case-control study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 297:797-803. [PMID: 29270728 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the association of serum leptin and its receptor (SLeptinR) with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to evaluate the longitudinal circulation of these peptides in pregnancy. METHODS This study consisted of 53 subjects diagnosed with GDM and 43 normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnant women. Serum leptin and SLeptinR were measured at 24-28 weeks, prior and after delivery, and post-puerperium. RESULTS Lower levels of leptin and SLeptinR were observed in GDM compared to NGT. Leptin [OR 0.97 (95% CI 0.94-1.0)] and SLeptinR [OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.93]) were inversely associated with GDM. Participants in the lowest tertile for leptin and SLeptinR had a 2.8-fold (95% CI 1.0-7.6) and a 5.7-fold (95% CI 1.9-17.3) higher risk of developing GDM compared with the highest tertile, respectively. These relationships were attenuated after adjustment for covariates. In both the groups, peak leptin was observed at 24-28 weeks, decreasing continuously during pregnancy (p > 0.05) and after delivery (p < 0.017). SLeptinR level increased (p < 0.001) during pregnancy and decreased (p < 0.005) after delivery in GDM, however, levels remained the same in NGT. In GDM, leptin and SLeptinR was positively and inversely correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR at 24-28 weeks and post-puerperium, respectively. The cord levels of both leptin and SLeptinR were lower than maternal levels. There were no significant differences in serum cord leptin and SLeptinR levels between the groups. CONCLUSION Leptin and SLeptinR are independently and inversely associated with GDM. Lower levels of these peptides may play an important role in the pathophysiology of GDM and pre-diabetic state in post-puerperium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mosavat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Peng Chiong Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Pavai Sthaneshwar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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29
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Aleksandrova K, Jenab M, Leitzmann M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Kaaks R, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Rinaldi S, Freisling H, Carayol M, Pischon T, Drogan D, Weiderpass E, Jakszyn P, Overvad K, Dahm CC, Tjønneland A, Bouton-Ruault MC, Kühn T, Peppa E, Valanou E, La Vecchia C, Palli D, Panico S, Sacerdote C, Agnoli C, Tumino R, May A, van Vulpen J, Benjaminsen Borch K, Oluwafemi Oyeyemi S, Quirós JR, Bonet C, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Navarro C, Barricarte A, van Guelpen B, Wennberg P, Key TJ, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Assi N, Ward HA, Aune D, Riboli E, Boeing H. Physical activity, mediating factors and risk of colon cancer: insights into adiposity and circulating biomarkers from the EPIC cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2017; 46:1823-1835. [PMID: 29025032 PMCID: PMC6241846 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is convincing evidence that high physical activity lowers the risk of colon cancer; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. We aimed to determine the extent to which body fatness and biomarkers of various biologically plausible pathways account for the association between physical activity and colon cancer. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 519 978 men and women aged 25 to 70 years followed from 1992 to 2003. A total of 713 incident colon cancer cases were matched, using risk-set sampling, to 713 controls on age, sex, study centre, fasting status and hormonal therapy use. The amount of total physical activity during the past year was expressed in metabolic equivalent of task [MET]-h/week. Anthropometric measurements and blood samples were collected at study baseline. Results High physical activity was associated with a lower risk of colon cancer: relative risk ≥91 MET-h/week vs <91 MET-h/week = 0.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57 to 0.96]. In mediation analyses, this association was accounted for by waist circumference: proportion explained effect (PEE) = 17%; CI: 4% to 52%; and the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R): PEE = 15%; 95% CI: 1% to 50% and 5-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D): PEE = 30%; 95% CI: 12% to 88%. In combination, these factors explained 45% (95% CI: 20% to 125%) of the association. Beyond waist circumference, sOB-R and 25[OH]D additionally explained 10% (95% CI: 1%; 56%) and 23% (95% CI: 6%; 111%) of the association, respectively. Conclusions Promoting physical activity, particularly outdoors, and maintaining metabolic health and adequate vitamin D levels could represent a promising strategy for colon cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marion Carayol
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Dagmar Drogan
- Quality and Health Services Research Unit, AOK Research Institute, Berlin, Germany (DD)
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christina C Dahm
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton-Ruault
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team,F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- IGR, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Department of clinical and experimental medicine-Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital and Center for Cancer Prevention (CPO), Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “M.P.Arezzo” Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Anne May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Jonna van Vulpen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht
| | - Kristin Benjaminsen Borch
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sunday Oluwafemi Oyeyemi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Catalina Bonet
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Granada.ibs), Granada, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- Epidemiology and Health Information, Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública-CIBERESP), Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA) Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nada Assi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heather A Ward
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Division of Epidemiology, Public Health and Primary Care, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Romualdi D, Immediata V, De Cicco S, Tagliaferri V, Lanzone A. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Food Intake in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:644-653. [PMID: 28874103 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117728803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Several peripheral and central signals are involved in the sophisticated regulation of food intake. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are prone to consume a diet higher in saturated fat and foods with high glycemic index and show impaired appetite regulation and measures of satiety. As a consequence, obesity, mostly of the central type, is prevalent in the syndrome and worsens the endocrine and metabolic profile of the affected patients. This review article briefly analyzes the current knowledge about the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying the interplay between feeding behavior, obesity, and reproductive abnormalities in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Romualdi
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Immediata
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona De Cicco
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Tagliaferri
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Lanzone
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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31
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Ho JE, McCabe EL, Wang TJ, Larson MG, Levy D, Tsao C, Aragam J, Mitchell GF, Benjamin EJ, Vasan RS, Cheng S. Cardiometabolic Traits and Systolic Mechanics in the Community. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.116.003536. [PMID: 28495953 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction are associated with increased risk of heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. We sought to examine the association of cardiometabolic traits with left ventricular (LV) cardiac mechanics. We hypothesized that specific obesity-related phenotypes are associated with distinct aspects of LV strain. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated the associations of obesity-related phenotypes, including central adiposity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and circulating adipokine concentrations with echocardiographic measures of LV mechanical function among participants of the Framingham Heart Study Offspring and Third Generation cohorts. Among 6231 participants, the mean age was 51±16 years, and 54% were women. Greater body mass index was associated with worse LV longitudinal strain, radial strain (apical view), and longitudinal synchrony (multivariable-adjusted P<0.0001). After accounting for body mass index, we found that central adiposity, as measured by waist circumference, was associated with worse global longitudinal strain and synchrony (P≤0.006). Measures of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus also were associated with distinct aspects of LV mechanical function. Circulating leptin concentrations were associated with global longitudinal and radial strain (apical view, P<0.0001), whereas no such association was found with leptin receptor, adiponectin, or C-reactive protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight the association of central obesity and related cardiometabolic phenotypes above and beyond body mass index with subclinical measures of LV mechanical function. Interestingly, obesity-related traits were associated with distinct aspects of LV mechanics, underscoring potential differential effects along specific LV planes of deformation. These findings may shed light onto obesity-related cardiac remodeling and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Ho
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA.
| | - Elizabeth L McCabe
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Thomas J Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Martin G Larson
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Daniel Levy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Connie Tsao
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Jayashri Aragam
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Gary F Mitchell
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Susan Cheng
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (J.E.H.); National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA (J.E.H., E.L.M., M.G.L., D.L., C.T., E.J.B., R.S.V., S.C.); Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (T.J.W.); Department of Biostatistics (M.G.L.) and Department of Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Boston University School of Public Health, MA; Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA (C.T.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (J.A., S.C.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, MA (J.A.); Cardiovascular Engineering, Inc, Norwood, MA (G.F.M.); and Cardiovascular Medicine Section (E.J.B.), Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), and Section of Cardiology (E.J.B., R.S.V.), Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, MA
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Miller GD. Appetite Regulation: Hormones, Peptides, and Neurotransmitters and Their Role in Obesity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2017; 13:586-601. [PMID: 31662725 DOI: 10.1177/1559827617716376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding body weight regulation will aid in the development of new strategies to combat obesity. This review examines energy homeostasis and food intake behaviors, specifically with regards to hormones, peptides, and neurotransmitters in the periphery and central nervous system, and their potential role in obesity. Dysfunction in feeding signals by the brain is a factor in obesity. The hypothalamic (arcuate nucleus) and brainstem (nucleus tractus solitaris) areas integrate behavioral, endocrine, and autonomic responses via afferent and efferent pathways from and to the brainstem and peripheral organs. Neurons present in the arcuate nucleus express pro-opiomelanocortin, Neuropeptide Y, and Agouti Related Peptide, with the former involved in lowering food intake, and the latter two acutely increasing feeding behaviors. Action of peripheral hormones from the gut, pancreas, adipose, and liver are also involved in energy homeostasis. Vagal afferent neurons are also important in regulating energy homeostasis. Peripheral signals respond to the level of stored and currently available fuel. By studying their actions, new agents maybe developed that disable orexigenic responses and enhance anorexigenic signals. Although there are relatively few medications currently available for obesity treatment, a number of agents are in development that work through these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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33
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Aleksandrova K, Schlesinger S, Fedirko V, Jenab M, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Freisling H, Romieu I, Pischon T, Kaaks R, Gunter MJ, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Rostgaard-Hansen AL, Tjønneland A, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Agnoli C, Mattiello A, Bradbury K, Khaw KT, Riboli E, Boeing H. Metabolic Mediators of the Association Between Adult Weight Gain and Colorectal Cancer: Data From the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:751-764. [PMID: 28387787 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence indicates that gaining weight in adult life is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, biological mechanisms that may explain this association remain unclear. We evaluated the mediation effect of 20 different biomarkers on the relationship between adult weight gain and colorectal cancer, using data from a prospective nested case-control study of 452 incident cases diagnosed between 1992 and 2003 and matched within risk sets to 452 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. The proportions of mediated effects (%) were estimated on the basis of differences in percent effect changes in conditional logistic regression models with and without additional adjustment for individual biomarkers. Greater adult weight gain (≥300 g/year vs. <300 g/year) was associated with a higher risk of colon cancer (multivariable-adjusted relative risk = 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.24) but not rectal cancer (relative risk = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 0.68, 1.66). This association was accounted for mostly by attained waist circumference (reduction of 61%) and by the biomarkers soluble leptin receptor (reduction of 43%) and glycated hemoglobin (reduction of 28%). These novel data suggest that the observed association between adult weight gain and colon cancer could be primarily explained by attained abdominal fatness and biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction.
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Morioka T, Emoto M, Yamazaki Y, Kurajoh M, Motoyama K, Mori K, Fukumoto S, Shioi A, Shoji T, Inaba M. Plasma soluble leptin receptor levels are associated with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:55-62. [PMID: 28294581 PMCID: PMC5754521 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction A soluble form of the leptin receptor (soluble Ob‐R) in the circulation regulates leptin's bioactivity, and is inversely associated with body adiposity and circulating leptin levels. However, no study has examined the clinical impact of soluble Ob‐R on glucose metabolism in diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the association of plasma soluble Ob‐R levels with insulin resistance and pancreatic β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods A total of 289 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the present study. Fasting plasma soluble Ob‐R levels and plasma leptin levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance and pancreatic β‐cell function were estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and fasting C‐peptide index. Results The median plasma soluble Ob‐R level and plasma leptin level were 3.4 ng/mL and 23.6 ng/mL, respectively. Plasma soluble Ob‐R levels were negatively correlated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and the C‐peptide index, whereas plasma leptin levels were positively correlated with each index in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses including plasma soluble Ob‐R levels, plasma leptin levels and use of sulfonylureas, along with age, sex, body mass index and other covariates, showed that soluble Ob‐R levels were independently and negatively associated with homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and the C‐peptide index, but not significantly associated with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Conclusions Plasma soluble Ob‐R levels are independently associated with pancreatic β‐cell function, but not with insulin resistance, in patients with type 2 diabetes. The present study implicates the role of soluble Ob‐R in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Morioka
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Emoto
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamazaki
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kurajoh
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuhito Mori
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- Premier Preventive Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shioi
- Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Vascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Inaba
- Departments of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Landry DA, Sormany F, Haché J, Roumaud P, Martin LJ. Steroidogenic genes expressions are repressed by high levels of leptin and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in MA-10 Leydig cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 433:79-95. [PMID: 28343310 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The adipose tissue is an important endocrine organ secreting numerous peptide hormones, including leptin. Increased circulating levels of leptin, as a result of hormonal resistance in obese individuals, may contribute to lower androgen production in obese males. However, the molecular mechanisms involved need to be better defined. Androgens are mainly produced by Leydig cells within the testis. In male rodents, activation of the leptin receptor modulates a cascade of intracellular signal transduction pathways which may lead to regulation of transcription factors having influences on steroidogenesis in Leydig cells. Thus, as a result of high leptin levels interacting with its receptor and modulating the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the activity of transcription factors important for steroidogenic genes expressions may be inhibited in Leydig cells. Here we show that Lepr is increasingly expressed within Leydig cells according to postnatal development. Although high levels of leptin (corresponding to obesity condition) alone had no effect on Leydig cells' steroidogenic genes expression, it downregulated cAMP-dependent activations of the cholesterol transporter Star and of the rate-limiting steroidogenic enzyme Cyp11a1. Our results suggest that STAT transcriptional activity is downregulated by high levels of leptin, leading to reduced cAMP-dependent steroidogenic genes (Star and Cyp11a1) expressions in MA-10 Leydig cells. However, other transcription factors such as members of the SMAD and NFAT families may be involved and need further investigation to better define how leptin regulates their activities and their relevance for Leydig cells function.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Landry
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - François Sormany
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Josée Haché
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Pauline Roumaud
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Department of Biology, Université de Moncton, 18, avenue Antonine Maillet, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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Burnett LC, Skowronski AA, Rausch R, LeDuc CA, Leibel RL. Determination of the half-life of circulating leptin in the mouse. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:355-359. [PMID: 28025576 PMCID: PMC5340585 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The adipokine hormone, leptin, is a major component of body weight homeostasis. Numerous studies have been performed administering recombinant mouse leptin as an experimental reagent; however, the half life of circulating leptin following exogenous administration of recombinant mouse leptin has not been carefully evaluated. Methods Exogenous leptin was administered (3 mg leptin/kg body weight) to ten week old fasted non-obese male mice and plasma was serially collected at seven time points; plasma leptin concentration was measured by ELISA at each time point to estimate the circulating half life of mouse leptin. Results Under the physiological circumstances tested, the half life of mouse leptin was 40.2 (+/− 2.2) minutes. Circulating leptin concentrations up to one hour following exogenous leptin administration were 170-fold higher than endogenous levels at fasting. Conclusions The half life of mouse leptin was determined to be 40.2 minutes. These results should be useful in planning and interpreting experiments employing exogenous leptin. The unphysiological elevations in circulating leptin resulting from widely used dosing regimens for exogenous leptin are likely to confound inferences regarding some aspects of the hormone’s clinical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Burnett
- Columbia University Institute of Human Nutrition, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York, NY, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A A Skowronski
- Columbia University Institute of Human Nutrition, New York, NY, USA.,Columbia University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York, NY, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Rausch
- Columbia University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York, NY, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C A LeDuc
- Columbia University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York, NY, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, USA.,New York Obesity Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - R L Leibel
- Columbia University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Genetics, New York, NY, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, New York, NY, USA.,New York Obesity Research Center, New York, NY, USA
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Lausten-Thomsen U, Christiansen M, Louise Hedley P, Esmann Fonvig C, Stjernholm T, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Holm JC. Reference values for serum leptin in healthy non-obese children and adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:561-567. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2016.1210226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Lausten-Thomsen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Christiansen
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paula Louise Hedley
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cilius Esmann Fonvig
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresa Stjernholm
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jens-Christian Holm
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbæk, Holbæk, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Section of Metabolic Genetics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tang X, Li J, Xiang W, Cui Y, Xie B, Wang X, Xu Z, Gan L. Metformin increases hepatic leptin receptor and decreases steatosis in mice. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:227-37. [PMID: 27288055 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the ascertained efficacy as antidiabetic drug, metformin is increasingly being used as weight-loss agent in obesity, and as insulin sensitizer in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still incompletely understood. Emerging evidence suggest metformin as leptin sensitizer to mediate the weight-loss effect in the brain. In this study, we investigated effects of metformin on expression of leptin receptors in liver and kidney in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed with chow diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HF) for 5months. Afterward, mice were treated with metformin (50mg/kg or 200mg/kg) for 15days. Metabolic parameters and hepatic gene expression were analyzed at the end of the treatment. We also tested the effects of metformin on plasma-soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and assessed its effect on hepatosteatosis in mice. Results showed that metformin upregulates the expression of leptin receptors (OB-Ra, -Rb, -Rc, and -Rd) in liver but not kidney. The stimulation effect is dose-dependent in both chow and HF mice. Upregulation of OB-Rb, long signaling isoform, needs a relatively higher dose of metformin. This effect was paralleled by increased sOBR levels in mice and T2DM patients, and decreased hepatic triglyceride (TG) content and lipogenic gene expression, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC-1). Taken together, these data identify hepatic leptin receptor as target gene being upregulated by metformin which may enhance leptin sensitivity in liver to alleviate steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Cui
- Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryDaping Hospital & Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Institute of PathologySouthwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihui Xu
- Department of Integrated MedicineXinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lixia Gan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyThird Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Albala C, Angel B, Lera L, Sanchez H, Marquez C, Fuentes P. Low Leptin Availability as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Chilean Older People. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2016; 6:295-302. [PMID: 27504118 PMCID: PMC4965539 DOI: 10.1159/000447447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the role of leptin in the development of dementia. METHODS Follow-up of the ALEXANDROS cohorts, with baseline measurements in 2000. From 1,136 available subjects free of dementia at baseline, 667 subjects had frozen baseline blood samples for measuring leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R). The free leptin index (FLI) was calculated as the ratio of leptin to sOB-R. Dementia was defined as an MMSE score <22 and a score >5 in the Pfeffer Activities Questionnaire. RESULTS After 15 years of follow-up, 42 incident cases of dementia were identified. No difference in serum leptin was observed between people with and without dementia, but sOB-R was higher in demented than in nondemented subjects (sOB-R: 44.94 ± 23.97 vs. 33.73 ± 21.13 ng/ml). The adjusted risk for dementia increased, the higher the log sOB (hazard ratio = 3.58; 95% CI 1.72-7.45, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Lower availability of free leptin was found in demented than in nondemented people, suggesting a role of leptin in cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lydia Lera
- INTA, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Patricio Fuentes
- Department of Neurology, Clinic Hospital, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Joseph D, Kumar S. Identifying clues to molecular etiology of multiple sclerosis in South Indian patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 5:7-11. [PMID: 26856937 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental risk factors have a dominant role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Unhealthy lifestyle can predispose people to autoimmune diseases. MS was a rare disease in Kerala, but now, we notice frequent cases of MS at the city neurology clinic. Changing lifestyle and associated changes in the level of proinflammatory biomolecules like: leptin, soluble leptin receptor (SLR) and free fatty acids (FA) could be contributing to rise in MS incidence. OBJECTIVE To identify variations in the levels of bio-molecules: leptin, SLR and FA, between MS patients and matched healthy control. METHOD Leptin and SLR levels in the blood serum, were estimated using ELISA, while total FA levels, were estimated using an enzyme based calorimetric assay. RESULT Mean serum FA levels in MS patients (31.39 ± 4.83 nmole/100 μl) were 2.7 fold higher than controls (11.54 ± 2.66 nmoles/100 μl) at more than 99% CI. The differences in mean leptin and SLR levels were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION MS patients had high level of total FA in their blood. High FA in blood may have a role in MS pathogenesis. More in-depth study is required to understand the precise mechanism by which FA rise in MS blood sample can contribute to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Joseph
- Centre for Nanoscience and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Edapally, Kochi 682041, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Edapally, Kochi India.
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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Xie F, Li X, Huang S, Li J, Guo X, Cao Y. Identification of a soluble leptin receptor in crucian carp with different binding affinity to leptin-a and leptin-b. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 191:108-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Physiologic Course of Female Reproductive Function: A Molecular Look into the Prologue of Life. J Pregnancy 2015; 2015:715735. [PMID: 26697222 PMCID: PMC4678088 DOI: 10.1155/2015/715735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms underlying female reproduction are numerous and sophisticated, displaying complex functional evolution throughout a woman's lifetime. This vital course may be systematized in three subsequent stages: prenatal development of ovaries and germ cells up until in utero arrest of follicular growth and the ensuing interim suspension of gonadal function; onset of reproductive maturity through puberty, with reinitiation of both gonadal and adrenal activity; and adult functionality of the ovarian cycle which permits ovulation, a key event in female fertility, and dictates concurrent modifications in the endometrium and other ovarian hormone-sensitive tissues. Indeed, the ultimate goal of this physiologic progression is to achieve ovulation and offer an adequate environment for the installation of gestation, the consummation of female fertility. Strict regulation of these processes is important, as disruptions at any point in this evolution may equate a myriad of endocrine-metabolic disturbances for women and adverse consequences on offspring both during pregnancy and postpartum. This review offers a summary of pivotal aspects concerning the physiologic course of female reproductive function.
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Polymorphism of rs2767485 in Leptin Receptor Gene is Associated With the Occurrence of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2015; 40:1593-8. [PMID: 26731704 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A genetic association study of leptin receptor (LEPR) gene with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in the Chinese Han population. OBJECTIVE To determine whether LEPR gene polymorphisms are associated with the predisposition and/or disease severity of AIS. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Patients with AIS were reported to have lower body mass index (BMI), abnormal leptin bioavailability, and systemic lower bone mass, which implied that leptin/LEPR signaling pathway may be implicated in the etiology of AIS. Previous association study of the polymorphisms in leptin gene did not show significant differences between AIS cases and controls. However, no study has been done to investigate the relationship between genetic polymorphisms of the LEPR gene and susceptibility to AIS. METHODS 570 patients with AIS aged 10 to 18 years were enrolled, and 570 age-matched healthy subjects were recruited as controls. 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs1137101, rs1137100, rs4655555, rs2767485, rs1751492, and rs8179183) of LEPR gene were selected. The polymorphisms were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based Invader assay. Case-control study was performed to define the contribution of the 6 SNPs to predisposition of AIS. 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the mean Cobb angles and BMI among patients with different genotypes in case-only analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Both the genotype and allele frequencies of SNP rs2767485 were significantly different between the patient with AIS and the control groups. No significant difference of allele frequency was noted in other 5 SNPs between the patients with AIS and the normal controls. Both the mean maximum Cobb angles and BMI of different genotype AIS groups were similar to each other for all the 6 SNPs (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Polymorphism of rs2767485 in LEPR gene is associated with the occurrence of AIS, suggesting LEPR is a predisposition gene.
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Abstract
The adipokine leptin realizes signal transduction via four different leptin receptor (OB-R) isoforms. The amount of functionally active OB-R, however, is affected by constitutive shedding of the extracellular domain. The product of the cleavage process, the so-called soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), is the main binding protein for leptin in human blood and modulates its bioavailability. Concentrations of sOB-R are differentially regulated in metabolic disorders, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus or obesity, and can, therefore, enhance or reduce leptin sensitivity. Lipotoxicity and apoptosis increase OB-R cleavage via ADAM10-dependent mechanisms. In contrast, although increased sOB-R concentrations seem to directly inhibit leptin effects, reduced amounts of sOB-R may reflect decreased membrane expression of OB-R. These findings, in part, explain alterations of leptin sensitivity that are associated with changes in serum sOB-R concentrations seen in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schaab
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Juergen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Leipzig, Germany
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Knerr I, Coss KP, Kratzsch J, Crushell E, Clark A, Doran P, Shin Y, Stöckmann H, Rudd PM, Treacy E. Effects of temporary low-dose galactose supplements in children aged 5-12 y with classical galactosemia: a pilot study. Pediatr Res 2015; 78:272-9. [PMID: 26053138 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical galactosemia is caused by severe galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Despite life-long galactose-restriction, many patients experience long-term complications. Intoxication by galactose and its metabolites as well as over-restriction of galactose may contribute to the pathophysiology. We provided temporary low-dose galactose supplements to patients. We assessed tolerance and potential beneficial effects with clinical monitoring and measurement of biochemical, endocrine, and IgG N-glycosylation profiles. METHODS We enrolled 26 patients (8.6 ± 1.9 y). Thirteen were provided with 300 mg of galactose/day followed by 500 mg for 2 wk each (13 patient controls). RESULTS We observed no clinical changes with the intervention. Temporary mild increase in galactose-1-phosphate occurred, but renal, liver, and bone biochemistry remained normal. Patients in the supplementation group had slightly higher leptin levels at the end of the study than controls. We identified six individuals as "responders" with an improved glycosylation pattern (decreased G0/G2 ratio, P < 0.05). There was a negative relationship between G0/G2 ratio and leptin receptor sOb-R in the supplementation group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Temporary low-dose galactose supplementation in children over 5 y is well tolerated in the clinical setting. It leads to changes in glycosylation in "responders". We consider IgG N-glycan monitoring to be useful for determining individual optimum galactose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Knerr
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen Patricia Coss
- University College Dublin, Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jürgen Kratzsch
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ellen Crushell
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Clark
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- University College Dublin, Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yoon Shin
- Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pauline Mary Rudd
- The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Blackrock, Co., Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen Treacy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Periyasamy-Thandavan S, Herberg S, Arounleut P, Upadhyay S, Dukes A, Davis C, Johnson M, McGee-Lawrence M, Hamrick MW, Isales CM, Hill WD. Caloric restriction and the adipokine leptin alter the SDF-1 signaling axis in bone marrow and in bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 410:64-72. [PMID: 25779533 PMCID: PMC4706462 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) is essential in regulating bone marrow (BM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (BMSC) survival, and differentiation to either a pro-osteogenic or pro-adipogenic fate. This study investigates the effects of caloric restriction (CR) and leptin on the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in bone and BM tissues in the context of age-associated bone loss. For in vivo studies, we collected bone, BM cells and BM interstitial fluid from 12 and 20 month-old C57Bl6 mice fed ad-libitum (AL), and 20-month-old mice on long-term CR with, or without, intraperitoneal injection of leptin for 10 days (10 mg/kg). To mimic conditions of CR in vitro, 18 month murine BMSCs were treated with (1) control (Ctrl): normal proliferation medium, (2) nutrient restriction (NR): low glucose, low serum medium, or (3) NR + leptin: NR medium + 100 ng/ml leptin for 6-48 h. In BMSCs both protein and mRNA expression of SDF-1 and CXCR4 were increased by CR and CR + leptin. In contrast, the alternate SDF-1 receptor CXCR7 was decreased, suggesting a nutrient signaling mediated change in SDF-1 axis signaling in BMSCs. However, in bone SDF-1, CXCR4 and 7 gene expression increase with age and this is reversed with CR, while addition of leptin returns this to the "aged" level. Histologically bone formation was lower in the calorically restricted mice and BM adipogenesis increased, both effects were reversed with the 10 day leptin treatment. This suggests that in bone CR and leptin alter the nutrient signaling pathways in different ways to affect the local action of the osteogenic cytokine SDF-1. Studies focusing on the molecular interaction between nutrient signaling by CR, leptin and SDF-1 axis may help to address age-related musculoskeletal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phonepasong Arounleut
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sunil Upadhyay
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Dukes
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Meghan McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Nestor CC, Kelly MJ, Rønnekleiv OK. Cross-talk between reproduction and energy homeostasis: central impact of estrogens, leptin and kisspeptin signaling. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 17:109-28. [PMID: 25372735 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system receives hormonal cues (e.g., estrogens and leptin, among others) that influence reproduction and energy homeostasis. 17β-estradiol (E2) is known to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion via classical steroid signaling and rapid non-classical membrane-initiated signaling. Because GnRH neurons are void of leptin receptors, the actions of leptin on these neurons must be indirect. Although it is clear that the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is the primary site of overlap between these two systems, it is still unclear which neural network(s) participate in the cross-talk of E2 and leptin, two hormones essential for reproductive function and metabolism. Herein we review the progress made in understanding the interactions between reproduction and energy homeostasis by focusing on the advances made to understand the cellular signaling of E2 and leptin on three neural networks: kisspeptin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). Although critical in mediating the actions of E2 and leptin, considerable work still remains to uncover how these neural networks interact in vivo.
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Schmidt S, Monk JM, Robinson LE, Mourtzakis M. The integrative role of leptin, oestrogen and the insulin family in obesity-associated breast cancer: potential effects of exercise. Obes Rev 2015; 16:473-87. [PMID: 25875578 PMCID: PMC4691342 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. The mechanisms through which obesity influences the development and progression of breast cancer are not fully elucidated; however, several factors such as increased oestrogen, concentrations of various members of the insulin family and inflammation that are associated with adiposity are purported to be important factors in this relationship. Emerging research has also begun to focus on the role of adipokines, (i.e. adipocyte secreted factors), in breast cancer. Leptin secretion is directly related to adiposity and is believed to promote breast cancer directly and independently, as well as through involvement with the oestrogen and insulin signalling pathways. As leptin is secreted from white adipose tissue, any intervention that reduces adiposity may be favourable. However, it is also important to consider that energy expenditure through exercise, independent of fat loss, may improve leptin regulation. The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the role of leptin in breast cancer development and progression, identify key interactions with oestrogen and the insulin family, and distinguish the potential effects of exercise on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - J M Monk
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - L E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Mourtzakis
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Rizk NM, Sharif E. Leptin as well as Free Leptin Receptor Is Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Young Women. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:927805. [PMID: 26180527 PMCID: PMC4477211 DOI: 10.1155/2015/927805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim. Leptin has two forms in the circulation: free and bound forms. The soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) circulates in the blood and can bind to leptin. The aim of this study is to assess the concentrations of the leptin and the sOB-R in PCOS and its relation to adiposity, insulin resistance, and androgens. Methods. A cross-sectional study included 78 female students aged 17-25 years. Fasting serum leptin and sOB-R concentrations were measured. The anthropometric variables and the hormonal profile such as insulin, female and male sex hormones, and prolactin were assessed. Results. In PCOS, leptin level (ng/ml) and free leptin index (FLI) increased significantly while sOB-R (ng/ml) significantly decreased compared to control subjects. In age-matched subjects, obese PCOS had increased leptin level in ng/ml (median level with interquartile levels) of 45.67 (41.98-48.04) and decreased sOB-R in ng/ml 11.47 (7.59-16.44) compared to lean PCOS 16.97 (10.60-45.55) for leptin and 16.62 (11.61-17.96) for sOB-R with p values 0.013 and 0.042, respectively. However, body mass index (BMI) is significantly correlated with leptin and s-OBR, while no significant correlations with parameters of insulin resistance were detected. Conclusion. PCOS is associated with hyperleptinemia and increased free leptin index. Decreased sOB-R could be a compensatory mechanism for the defective action of leptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Rizk
- Health Sciences Department, CAS, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
- *Nasser M. Rizk:
| | - Elham Sharif
- Health Sciences Department, CAS, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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