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Kawauchi S, Yasuhara T, Kin K, Yabuno S, Sugahara C, Nagase T, Hosomoto K, Okazaki Y, Tomita Y, Umakoshi M, Sasaki T, Kameda M, Borlongan CV, Date I. Transplantation of modified human bone marrow-derived stromal cells affords therapeutic effects on cerebral ischemia in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1974-1985. [PMID: 36000240 PMCID: PMC9627357 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS SB623 cells are human bone marrow stromal cells transfected with Notch1 intracellular domain. In this study, we examined potential regenerative mechanisms underlying stereotaxic transplantation of SB623 cells in rats with experimental acute ischemic stroke. METHODS We prepared control group, empty capsule (EC) group, SB623 cell group (SB623), and encapsulated SB623 cell (eSB623) group. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on day 0, and 24 h after MCAO, stroke rats received transplantation into the envisioned ischemic penumbra. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was evaluated, and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS In the mNSS, SB623 and eSB623 groups showed significant improvement compared to the other groups. Histological analysis revealed that the infarction area in SB623 and eSB623 groups was reduced. In the eSB623 group, robust cell viability and neurogenesis were detected in the subventricular zone that increased significantly compared to all other groups. CONCLUSION SB623 cells with or without encapsulation showed therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke. Encapsulated SB623 cells showed enhanced neurogenesis and increased viability inside the capsules. This study reveals the mechanism of secretory function of transplanted SB623 cells, but not cell-cell interaction as primarily mediating the cells' functional benefits in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawauchi
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takao Yasuhara
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kyohei Kin
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral NeurobiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Satoru Yabuno
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Chiaki Sugahara
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Nagase
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Kakeru Hosomoto
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Yosuke Okazaki
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Yousuke Tomita
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Michiari Umakoshi
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Tatsuya Sasaki
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain RepairUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
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Recent development in cell encapsulations and their therapeutic applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 77:1247-1260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Date I, Shingo T, Yoshida H, Fujiwara K, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi A, Ohmoto T. Grafting of Encapsulated Genetically Modified Cells Secreting GDNF into the Striatum of Parkinsonian Model Rats. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to deliver glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) into the brain, we have established a cell line that produces GDNF in a continuous fashion by genetic engineering. These cells were encapsulated and grafted into parkinsonian model rats that had received unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine 2 weeks earlier. Neurochemical analysis showed that GDNF has been produced from the capsule for 6 months after grafting and histological analysis revealed good survival of GDNF-producing cells in the capsule 6 months after grafting. The density of nigrostriatal dopaminergic fibers in the striatum as well as the number of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra recovered significantly after GDNF-producing cell grafting. These results suggest the possible application of GDNF-producing cell grafting for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shingo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fujiwara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akira Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohmoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Fujiwara K, Date I, Shingo T, Yoshida H, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi A, Tamiya T, Ohmoto T. Neurotrophic Factor-Secreting Cell Grafting for Cerebral Ischemia: Preliminary Report. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000001783986666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this experiment, we examined a possible protective effect of encapsulated neurotrophic factor-secreting cell grafting for ischemic injury. We established a basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-secreting cell line by genetic manipulation. We enveloped these cells into polymer capsules, which consist of a semipermeable membrane, and implanted them into the right striatum of rats. At 6 days after implantation, these rats received right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using interluminal suture technique. At 24 h after MCAO, rats were sacrificed and their cerebral infarction volume was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and image analysis. We found approximately 30% reduction in infarct volume in the encapsulated bFGF-secreting cell grafting groups vs. the encapsulated naive BHK cell grafting group or the without implantation group. We measured bFGF secretion from encapsulated bFGF-secreting cells using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The retrieved capsules continued to secrete bFGF. There was no significant difference of bFGF secretion between the capsules before and after transplantation. A large number of viable BHK-bFGF cells was observed within the full length of the retrieved capsule. These results indicate that encapsulated bFGF-secreting cell grafting exerts a protective effect on ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Fujiwara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - I. Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - T. Shingo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - H. Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - K. Kobayashi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - A. Takeuchi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - T. Tamiya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - T. Ohmoto
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
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Naganawa Y, Ohsugi K, Kase R, Date I, Sakuraba H, Sakuragawa N. In Vitro Study of Encapsulation Therapy for Fabry Disease Using Genetically Engineered CHO Cell Line. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000002783985846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase α-galac-tosidase A (α-gal). The deficiency of this enzyme leads to the systemic deposition of ceramide trihexoside (CTH) in various tissues and organs. Enzyme replacement using IV doses of recombinant human α-gal produced in CHO cells or in human fibroblasts is currently being evaluated in clinical trials as a potential therapy for this disease. However, it requires lifelong therapy involving a large amount of purified α-gal. As a novel approach for treatment of Fabry disease we used polymer encapsulated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells genetically modified to express α-gal. The secreted high levels of α-gal passed through the semipermeable polymeric membrane. Using coculture system with Fabry fibroblasts, the secreted enzyme was taken up in cells, resulting in reduced accumulation of CTH in Fabry fibroblasts. This in vitro study demonstrated that an encapsulated α-gal-secreting cell line can be used to treat Fabry mice by transplantation in vivo. Judging from the protection against immune rejection by a semipermeable synthetic membrane, this novel approach may be applied to treat patients with Fabry disease and other lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Naganawa
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodiara, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - K. Ohsugi
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodiara, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - R. Kase
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | - I. Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - H. Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Tokyo 113-8613, Japan
| | - N. Sakuragawa
- Department of Inherited Metabolic Disease, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodiara, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
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Moustafa T, Girod S, Tortosa F, Li R, Sol JC, Rodriguez F, Bastide R, Lazorthes Y, Sallerin B. Viability and Functionality of Bovine Chromaffin Cells Encapsulated into Alginate-PLL Microcapsules with a Liquefied Inner Core. Cell Transplant 2017; 15:121-33. [PMID: 16719046 DOI: 10.3727/000000006783982106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation of adrenal medullary bovine chromaffin cells (BCC), which synthesize and secrete a combination of pain-reducing neuroactive compounds including catecholamines and opioid peptides, has been proposed for the treatment of intractable cancer pain. Macro- or microencapsulation of such cells within semi-permeable membranes is expected to protect the transplant from the host's immune system. In the present study, we report the viability and functionality of BCC encapsulated into microcapsules of alginate-poly-L-lysine (PLL) with a liquefied inner core. The experiment was carried out during 44 days. Empty microcapsules were characterized in terms of morphology, permeability, and mechanical resistance. At the same time, the viability and functionality of both encapsulated and nonencapsulated BCC were evaluated in vitro. We obtained viable BCC with excellent functionality: immunocytochemical analysis revealed robust survival of chromaffin cells 30 days after isolation and microencapsulation. HPLC assay showed that encapsulated BCC released catecholamines basally during the time course study. Taken together, these results demonstrate that viable BCC can be successfully encapsulated into alginate-PLL microcapsules with a liquefied inner core.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Moustafa
- Laboratoire Douleur et Thérapie Cellulaire, Faculté de médecine Rangueil, 133 route de Narbonne, 31 062 Toulouse Cedex, France
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Intrastriatal Grafting of Chromospheres: Survival and Functional Effects in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160854. [PMID: 27525967 PMCID: PMC4985142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease (PD) aims at re-establishing dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum by grafting dopamine-releasing cells. Chromaffin cell (CC) grafts produce some transitory improvements of functional motor deficits in PD animal models, and have the advantage of allowing autologous transplantation. However, CC grafts have exhibited low survival, poor functional effects and dopamine release compared to other cell types. Recently, chromaffin progenitor-like cells were isolated from bovine and human adult adrenal medulla. Under low-attachment conditions, these cells aggregate and grow as spheres, named chromospheres. Here, we found that bovine-derived chromosphere-cell cultures exhibit a greater fraction of cells with a dopaminergic phenotype and higher dopamine release than CC. Chromospheres grafted in a rat model of PD survived in 57% of the total grafted animals. Behavioral tests showed that surviving chromosphere cells induce a reduction in motor alterations for at least 3 months after grafting. Finally, we found that compared with CC, chromosphere grafts survive more and produce more robust and consistent motor improvements. However, further experiments would be necessary to determine whether the functional benefits induced by chromosphere grafts can be improved, and also to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the functional effects of the grafts.
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Colcher A, Stern MB. Therapeutics in the Neurorehabilitation of Parkinson's Disease. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/154596839901300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects 1 percent of the population over the age of 65. The number of people with this disorder is steadily rising. Therapy for PD remains primarily pharmacologic, with medications that target the depleted dopaminergic system being the mainstay of therapy. Surgical therapies, both ablative and stimulatory, are in creasingly being used for patients with more advanced disease and/or complications of drug therapy. Experimental therapies aimed at restoring dopaminergic function and protecting dopaminergic cells are being studied. Alternate neurotransmitter systems are being evaluated as potential targets for therapy. Complete treatment of patients with PD utilizes education, physical therapy, support groups, and medication. When a comprehensive approach is used, PD is treatable and manageable.
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Gusev EI, Chukanova AS. [Modern pathogenetic aspects of development of cerebral chronic ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:4-8. [PMID: 26120974 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2015115314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Key mechanisms of the development of cerebral blood circulation insufficiency are presented. The following initial patters are analyzed: primary cytokine response, endothelial dysfunction and functioning of neurovascular units. Current conceptions on the development of pathological apoptosis and neuroplasticity are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Gusev
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
| | - A S Chukanova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow
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Emerich DF, Orive G, Thanos C, Tornoe J, Wahlberg LU. Encapsulated cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases: from promise to product. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 67-68:131-41. [PMID: 23880505 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutic molecules, including trophic factor proteins, across the blood brain barrier to the brain parenchyma to treat chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains one of the great challenges in biology. To be effective, delivery needs to occur in a long-term and stable manner at sufficient quantities directly to the target region in a manner that is selective but yet covers enough of the target site to be efficacious. One promising approach uses cellular implants that produce and deliver therapeutic molecules directly to the brain region of interest. Implanted cells can be precisely positioned into the desired region and can be protected from host immunological attack by encapsulating them and by surrounding them within an immunoisolatory, semipermeable capsule. In this approach, cells are enclosed within a semiporous capsule with a perm selective membrane barrier that admits oxygen and required nutrients and releases bioactive cell secretions while restricting passage of larger cytotoxic agents from the host immune defense system. Recent advances in human cell line development have increased the levels of secreted therapeutic molecules from encapsulated cells, and membrane extrusion techniques have led to the first ever clinical demonstrations of long-term survival and function of encapsulated cells in the brain parenchyma. As such, cell encapsulation is capable of providing a targeted, continuous, de novo synthesized source of very high levels of therapeutic molecules that can be distributed over significant portions of the brain.
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Glavaski-Joksimovic A, Bohn MC. Mesenchymal stem cells and neuroregeneration in Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2013; 247:25-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Acarregui A, Murua A, Pedraz JL, Orive G, Hernández RM. A Perspective on Bioactive Cell Microencapsulation. BioDrugs 2012; 26:283-301. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03261887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ambriz-Tututi M, Monjaraz-Fuentes F, Drucker-Colín R. Chromaffin cell transplants: From the lab to the clinic. Life Sci 2012; 91:1243-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zanin M, Pettingill L, Harvey A, Emerich D, Thanos C, Shepherd R. The development of encapsulated cell technologies as therapies for neurological and sensory diseases. J Control Release 2012; 160:3-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder for which there is currently no effective therapy. Over the past several decades, there has been a considerable interest in neuroprotective therapies using trophic factors to alleviate the symptoms of PD. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a class of molecules that influence a number of neuronal functions, including cell survival and axonal growth. Experimental studies in animal models suggest that members of neurotrophin family and GDNF family of ligands (GFLs) have the potent ability to protect degenerating dopamine neurons as well as promote regeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system. In clinical trials, although no serious adverse events related to the NTF therapy has been reported in patients, they remain inconclusive. In this chapter, we attempt to give a brief overview on several different growth factors that have been explored for use in animal models of PD and those already used in PD patients.
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Transplantation of microencapsulated genetically modified xenogeneic cells augments angiogenesis and improves heart function. Gene Ther 2007; 15:40-8. [PMID: 17943144 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy offers an alternative strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis for the management of myocardial infarction (MI). However, immune rejection poses a significant obstacle to the implantation of genetically engineered allogeneic or xenogeneic cells. In the present study, an ex vivo gene therapy approach utilizing cell microencapsulation was employed to deliver vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to ischemic myocardium. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were genetically modified to secrete VEGF and enveloped into semipermeable microcapsules. In vitro assay indicated that the microencapsulated engineered CHO cells could secrete VEGF as high as 3852 pg ml(-1) per 48 h at day 8 after encapsulation. Then the microencapsulated CHO cells were implanted into the injured myocardium in a rat MI model, while engineered CHO cells, blank microcapsules and serum-free culture media were implanted as controls. The humoral immunity to xenogeneic CHO cells were evaluated and we found that the titer of anti-CHO antibodies was significantly lower in the microencapsulated CHO transplantation group than the group receiving unencapsulated CHO cells at two weeks after implantation. However, 1 week later, there was almost no difference between these groups. Histology and western blotting confirmed that the microencapsulated CHO cells maintained their original structure and VEGF secretion three weeks after implantation. The capillary density in the treatment region was also significantly higher in the microencapsulated CHO cell group than control groups, which was consistent with gross heart functional improvement. These data suggest that microencapsulated xenogeneic cell-based gene therapy might be a novel approach for therapeutic angiogenesis in ischemic heart disease.
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Consiglio A, Martino S, Dolcetta D, Cusella G, Conese M, Marchesini S, Benaglia G, Wrabetz L, Orlacchio A, Déglon N, Aebischer P, Severini GM, Bordignon C. Metabolic correction in oligodendrocytes derived from metachromatic leukodystrophy mouse model by using encapsulated recombinant myoblasts. J Neurol Sci 2007; 255:7-16. [PMID: 17341424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to develop an encapsulated cell-based system to deliver arylsulfatase A (ARSA) to the central nervous system of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) patients, we engineered C2C12 mouse myoblasts with a retroviral vector containing a full-length human ARSA cDNA and evaluated the efficacy of the recombinant secreted enzyme to revert the MLD phenotype in oligodendrocytes (OL) of the As2-/- mouse model. After transduction, C2C12 cells showed a fifteen-fold increase in intracellular ARSA activity and five-fold increase in ARSA secretion. The secreted hARSA collected from transduced cells encapsulated in polyether-sulfone polymer, was taken up by enzyme-deficient OL derived from MLD mice and normally sorted to the lysosomal compartment, where transferred enzyme reached 80% of physiological levels, restoring the metabolism of sulfatide. To evaluate whether secreted enzyme could restore metabolic function in the brain, encapsulated cells and secreted ARSA were shown to be stable in CSF in vitro. Further, to test cell viability and enzyme release in vivo, encapsulated cells were implanted subcutaneously on the dorsal flank of DBA/2J mice. One month later, all retrieved implants released hARSA at rates similar to unencapsulated cells and contained well preserved myoblasts, demonstrating that encapsulation maintains differentiation of C2C12 cells, stable transgene expression and long-term cell viability in vivo. Thus, these results show the promising potential of developing an ARSA delivery system to the CNS based on the use of a polymer-encapsulated transduced xenogenic cell line for gene therapy of MLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Consiglio
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET) and DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific, Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Chaturvedi RK, Shukla S, Seth K, Agrawal AK. Nerve growth factor increases survival of dopaminergic graft, rescue nigral dopaminergic neurons and restores functional deficits in rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2006; 398:44-9. [PMID: 16423459 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2005] [Revised: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 12/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the neuroprotective and neurorescue effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) on grafted cells and on host nigral dopaminergic neurons, respectively. NGF was co-transplanted with fetal ventral mesencephalic cells (VMC) in the striatum of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). In the other groups fetal VMC and NGF were transplanted alone. Twelve weeks post-transplantation, a significant restoration was observed in D-amphetamine induced rotations (stereotypy), spontaneous locomotor activity, striatal and nigral dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) levels in co-transplanted rats as compared to VMC alone transplanted rats. Higher number of surviving tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons and significantly increased fiber outgrowth from graft was evident in co-transplanted rats as compared to VMC alone transplanted rats. Further, a significant increase was also observed in substantia nigra TH-ir neurons count in co-transplanted rats, exhibiting a potential neuroprotective and neurorescue effects of NGF on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. The results suggest that NGF at the time of transplantation exhibits neuroprotective effect on transplanted VMC as well as neurorescue effect on remaining host nigral dopaminergic neurons, leading to better functional restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box-80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow, India
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Chen LW, Zhang JP, Kwok-Yan Shum D, Chan YS. Localization of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in nestin-expressing reactive astrocytes in the caudate-putamen of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated C57/Bl mice. J Comp Neurol 2006; 497:898-909. [PMID: 16802332 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To address the hypothesis that reactive astrocytes in the basal ganglia of an animal model of Parkinson's disease serve neurotrophic roles, we studied the expression pattern of neurotrophic factors in the basal ganglia of C57/Bl mice that had been treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to induce the degeneration of nigral dopamine neurons and parkinsonism. MPTP induced significant neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra pars compacta as detected with Fluoro-Jade B staining, and this was accompanied by an increase in nestin-expressing astrocytes within the caudate-putamen. The number of nestin-positive reactive astrocytes in the caudate-putamen peaked within 3-5 days following MPTP treatment and then declined progressively toward the basal level by 21 days after treatment. Immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy confirmed coexpression of nestin or Ki-67 (cell proliferation marker) in glial fibrillary acid protein-positive astrocytes in the caudate-putamen. Double immunolabeling further revealed immunoreactivities for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in nestin-positive reactive astrocytes. Semiquantification of data obtained from mice 5 days after MPTP injection indicated that the majority of nestin-expressing cells expressed NGF (92%), NT3 (90%), or GDNF (86%). Our results present novel evidence of neurotrophic features among reactive astrocytes in the dopamine-depleted striatum. These nestin-expressing reactive astrocytes may therefore play neurotrophic roles in neural remodeling of the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Wei Chen
- Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Kuan WL, Barker RA. New therapeutic approaches to Parkinson's disease including neural transplants. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2005; 19:155-81. [PMID: 16093408 DOI: 10.1177/1545968305277219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder of the brain and typically presents with a disorder of movement. The core pathological event underlying the condition is the loss of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway with the formation of alpha-synuclein positive Lewy bodies. As a result, drugs that target the degenerating dopaminergic network within the brain work well at least in the early stages of the disease. Unfortunately, with time these therapies fail and produce their own unique side-effect profile, and this, coupled with the more diffuse pathological and clinical findings in advancing disease, has led to a search for more effective therapies. In this review, the authors will briefly discuss the emerging new drug therapies in PD before concentrating on a more detailed discussion on the state of cell therapies to cure PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Kuan
- Cambridge Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge University, UK
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21
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Katsuragi S, Ikeda T, Date I, Shingo T, Yasuhara T, Mishima K, Aoo N, Harada K, Egashira N, Iwasaki K, Fujiwara M, Ikenoue T. Implantation of encapsulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting cells prevents long-lasting learning impairment following neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain insult in rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192:1028-37. [PMID: 15846176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Implantation of encapsulated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-secreting cells into brain parenchyma reduces histological brain damage following hypoxic-ischemic stress in neonatal rats. We examined the effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factors on long-term learning and memory impairment and morphological changes up to 18 weeks after hypoxic-ischemic stress in neonatal rats. STUDY DESIGN Baby hamster kidney cells were transfected with expression vector either including (glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-hypoxic-ischemic group; n = 10) or not including (control-hypoxic-ischemic group; n = 8) human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor cDNA, encapsulated in semipermeable hollow fibers, and implanted into the left brain parenchyma of 7-day-old Wistar rats. Two days after implantation the rats received hypoxic-ischemic stress, and their behavior was then examined in several learning tasks: the 8-arm radial maze, choice reaction time, and water maze tasks, which examine short-term working memory, attention process, and long-term reference memory, respectively. The rats were killed 18 weeks after the hypoxic-ischemic insult for evaluation of brain damage. Two additional control groups were used: the control group (n = 15), which underwent no treatment, and the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor group (n = 6), which underwent implantation of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor capsule but did not undergo hypoxic-ischemic stress. RESULTS The decrease in the size of the cerebral hemisphere was significantly less in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-hypoxic-ischemic group, compared with the control-hypoxic-ischemic group, and improved performance was observed in all three tasks for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-hypoxic-ischemic group: for the control-hypoxic-ischemic group versus the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-hypoxic-ischemic group, respectively, in the 8-arm radial maze test, average number of correct choices was 6.2 +/- 0.1 versus 6.9 +/- 0.1 ( P < .01); in the choice reaction time test, average reaction time for a correct response was 2.35 +/- 0.1 seconds versus 1.97 +/- 0.09 seconds ( P < .01); in the water maze test, average swimming length was 1120.0 +/- 95.2 cm versus 841.6 +/- 92.1 cm ( P < .01). All results for the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor group were similar to those for the control group. CONCLUSION Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor treatment is effective in not only reducing brain damage but also inhibiting learning and memory impairment, following hypoxic-ischemic insult in neonatal rats. No adverse effects in learning and memory tests were observed in the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Katsuragi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake-Cho, Miyazaki, Japan.
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22
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Borlongan CV, Skinner SJM, Geaney M, Vasconcellos AV, Elliott RB, Emerich DF. CNS grafts of rat choroid plexus protect against cerebral ischemia in adult rats. Neuroreport 2004; 15:1543-7. [PMID: 15232280 DOI: 10.1097/01.wnr.0000133298.84901.cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the neuroprotective effects of choroid plexus isolated from adult rats and encapsulated within alginate microcapsules. In vitro, conditioned media from cultured choroid plexus produced a marked, dose-dependent protection of embryonic cortical neurons against serum deprivation-induced cell death. In vivo studies demonstrated that a one-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult Wistar rats produced profound motor and neurological impairments 1-3 days after stroke. In contrast, stroke animals transplanted with encapsulated choroid plexus cells displayed a significant reduction in both motor and neurological abnormalities. Histological analysis 3 days post-transplantation revealed that choroid plexus transplants significantly decreased the volume of striatal infarction. This is the first report demonstrating the therapeutic potential of transplanted choroid plexus for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Borlongan
- Department of Neurology/Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics/School of Graduate Studies, BI-3080, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912-3200, USA.
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23
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Fujiwara K, Date I, Shingo T, Yoshida H, Kobayashi K, Takeuchi A, Yano A, Tamiya T, Ohmoto T. Reduction of infarct volume and apoptosis by grafting of encapsulated basic fibroblast growth factor—secreting cells in a model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. J Neurosurg 2003; 99:1053-62. [PMID: 14705734 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2003.99.6.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Object. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of grafting encapsulated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)—secreting cells in rat brains subjected to ischemic injury.
Methods. Two cell lines were used for encapsulated grafting in this experiment, namely, a bFGF-secreting cell line established by genetic manipulation of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells, and a naive BHK cell line. Forty-seven Sprague—Dawley rats were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into the following three groups: those receiving grafts of encapsulated bFGF-secreting cells (BHK-bFGF group); those with grafts of encapsulated naive BHK cells (naive BHK group); and those with no grafts (control group). The authors implanted encapsulated cells into the right striatum of host rats in the BHK-bFGF and naive BHK groups. Six days after grafting, the host and control animals underwent permanent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with an intraluminal suture procedure. The infarct volume was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and computerized image analysis 24 hours after MCAO. Fragmentations of DNA in the host brains were analyzed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling 12 hours after MCAO.
The authors found that the infarct volume in the BHK-bFGF group was reduced by approximately 30% compared with that in the naive BHK and control groups. In the ischemic penumbral area, the number of apoptotic cells in the BHK-bFGF group was significantly decreased compared with that in the other groups.
Conclusions. The grafting of encapsulated BHK bFGF-secreting cells protected the brain from ischemic injury. Encapsulation and grafting of genetically engineered cells such as bFGF-secreting cells is thus thought to be a useful method for protection against cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Fujiwara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama City, Japan.
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24
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Chaturvedi RK, Agrawal AK, Seth K, Shukla S, Chauhan S, Shukla Y, Sinha C, Seth PK. Effect of glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) co‐transplantation with fetal ventral mesencephalic cells (VMC) on functional restoration in 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease: neurobehavioral, neurochemical and immunohistochemical studies. Int J Dev Neurosci 2003; 21:391-400. [PMID: 14599485 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(03)00087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among trophic factors already known, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and other members of its family have potent and specific action on dopaminergic neurons. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to validate the role of GDNF co-transplantation with fetal ventral mesencephalic cells (VMC) on functional viability and restoration using neurobehavioral, neurochemical and immunohistochemical parameters at 6 weeks post-transplantation in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease (PD). A significant restoration (P<0.01) in D-amphetamine induced rotations, spontaneous and apomorphine induced locomotor activity in rats co-transplanted with VMC and GDNF was observed as compared to VMC alone transplanted rats. Level of dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl acetic acid (DOPAC) and dopamine D2 (DA-D2) receptors in the caudate putamen (CPu) were significantly (P<0.001) restored in co-transplanted group as compared to VMC transplanted or GDNF administered animals. The functional viability of transplanted VMC was confirmed by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression and quantification of TH-positive cells by image analysis revealed a significant restoration in TH-IR fibers density as well as TH-IR neurons counts in co-transplanted animals over VMC transplanted animals. Results suggest that co-transplantation of VMC and GDNF may be a better approach towards functional restoration in 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, PO Box 80, M.G. Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Ross CJD, Chang PL. Development of small alginate microcapsules for recombinant gene product delivery to the rodent brain. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2003; 13:953-62. [PMID: 12463513 DOI: 10.1163/156856202320401988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel form of gene therapy using encapsulated recombinant cells in alginate microcapsules has proven effective in treating several animal models of human diseases. For treating neurological deficits in rodents with this technology, the size of the microcapsules has to be reduced for implantation in the central nervous system (CNS) to bypass the blood-brain barrier. This article reports the development of small alginate microcapsules suitable for implantation into the mouse CNS. By varying the encapsulation protocol, recombinant cells could be encapsulated in microcapsules ranging in diameter from 5 to 2000 microm. The optimal size for implantation was determined to be 100-200 microm, based on the smallest, homogeneously sized, cell-filled microcapsules that could pass the 500 microm inner diameter of a CNS-implantation needle. Compared with medium-sized (500-700 microm) microcapsules, these small microcapsules packed more tightly together with less inter-capsule space, resulting in an increased number of cells and a higher rate of recombinant gene product secretion per volume of microcapsules. The small microcapsules also displayed increased mechanical strength, compared with large microcapsules. These excellent in vitro properties of small 100-200 microm microcapsules warrant further in vivo investigation into the feasibility of using immuno-isolation gene therapy to deliver recombinant gene products to the rodent CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J D Ross
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Yoshida H, Date I, Shingo T, Fujiwara K, Kobayashi K, Miyoshi Y, Ohmoto T. Stereotactic transplantation of a dopamine-producing capsule into the striatum for treatment of Parkinson disease: a preclinical primate study. J Neurosurg 2003; 98:874-81. [PMID: 12691415 DOI: 10.3171/jns.2003.98.4.0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT The PC12 cells are well known for their ability to secrete dopamine and levodopa. In multiple animal mode encapsulated PC12 cells have been shown to ameliorate parkinsonian symptoms when transplanted into the striatum; technique is expected to be effective clinically as well. The present study was performed using nonhuman primates to ensure that the transplantation of encapsulated PC12 cells is likely to be both safe and effective in human clinical trials. METHODS Unencapsulated or encapsulated PC12 cells were implanted into the brains of Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Histological and immunocytochemical analyses were performed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks posttransplantation on the unencapsulated cells and 2, 4, and 8 weeks after transplantation on the encapsulated cells. The survival of the PC12 cells inside the capsule was determined by measuring the amounts of dopamine and levodopa released from the capsules a removal from the striatum. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in both unencapsulated and encapsulated PC12 cell-grafted groups. Due to the immunological reaction of the host brain no unencapsulated PC12 cells remained in the grafted area 8 weeks after transplantation. On the contrary, encapsulated PC12 cells retrieved from the host brain continued to release dopamine and levodopa even 8 weeks after implantation. The host's reaction to the PC12-loaded capsule was much weaker than that to the unencapsulated PC12 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the transplantation of encapsulated PC12 cells could be a safe and effective treatment modality for Parkinson disease in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yoshida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan
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27
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotential progenitor cells that have self-renewal activities. A single NSC is capable of generating various kinds of cells within the central nervous system (CNS), including neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Because of these characteristics, there is increasing interest in NSCs and neural progenitor cells from the aspects of both basic developmental biology and therapeutic applications to the damaged brain. This special issue, dedicated to understanding the nature of the NSCs present in the CNS, presents an introduction to several avenues of research that may lead to feasible strategies for manipulating cells in situ to treat the damaged brain. The topics covered by these studies include the extracellular factors and signal transduction cascades involved in the differentiation and maintenance of NSCs, the population dynamics and locations of NSCs in embryonic and adult brains, prospective identification and isolation of NSCs, the induction of NSCs to adopt particular neuronal phenotypes, and their transplantation into the damaged CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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28
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Shingo T, Date I, Yoshida H, Ohmoto T. Neuroprotective and restorative effects of intrastriatal grafting of encapsulated GDNF-producing cells in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. J Neurosci Res 2002; 69:946-54. [PMID: 12205688 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to possess potent neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We attempted the transplantation of encapsulated GDNF-producing cells to generate a stable supply of GDNF in the brain to promote neuroprotective and restorative effects for DA neurons. We established baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and introduced GDNF cDNA to produce human GDNF (BHK-GDNF). These BHK-GDNF cells, or nontransfected BHK cells (BHK-Control), were encapsulated into hollow fibers, and the polymer encapsulated cells were unilaterally implanted into the striatum of adult rats, either before or after the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine into the same striatum. The encapsulated BHK-GDNF cells produced GDNF continuously in the striatum for up to 6 months. The rats that received a BHK-GDNF capsule showed a significant decrease in rotational behaviour compared to those that received a BHK-control capsule. Preservation of the nigrostriatal pathway was significantly greater in those that received a BHK-GDNF capsule than in those that received a BHK-control capsule. This indicates that encapsulated GDNF-producing cells can supply GDNF in a stable fashion and have protective and restorative effects on host DA neurons. Our results support a role for this grafting technique in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Shingo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
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29
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Rosser AE, Ostenfeld T, Svendsen CN. Invited commentary: treatment of diseases of the central nervous system using encapsulated cells, by A. F. Hottinger and P. Aebischer (Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery vol. 25). Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg 2001; 26:125-8. [PMID: 10997199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-6323-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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30
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Wolfe D, Goins WF, Kaplan TJ, Capuano SV, Fradette J, Murphey-Corb M, Robbins PD, Cohen JB, Glorioso JC. Herpesvirus-mediated systemic delivery of nerve growth factor. Mol Ther 2001; 3:61-9. [PMID: 11162312 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained systemic dissemination of therapeutic proteins from peripheral sites is an attractive prospect for gene therapy applications. Replication-defective genomic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors were evaluated for their ability to express nerve growth factor (NGF) as a model gene product both locally and systemically. Intra-articular inoculation of NGF expression vectors in rabbits resulted in significant increases in joint lavage and blood plasma NGF that persisted for 1 year. A rhesus macaque injected intra-articularly displayed a comparable increase in plasma NGF for at least 6 months, at which time the serum NGF levels of this animal were sufficient to cause differentiation of PC12 cells in culture, but not to increase footpad epidermis innervation. Long-term reporter transgene expression was observed primarily in ligaments, a finding confirmed by direct inoculation of patellar ligament. Patellar ligament inoculation with a NGF vector resulted in elevated levels of circulating NGF similar to those observed following intra-articular vector delivery. These results represent the first demonstration of sustained systemic release of a transgene product using HSV vectors, raising the prospect of new applications for HSV-1 vectors in the treatment of systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wolfe
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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31
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Ross CJ, Ralph M, Chang PL. Somatic gene therapy for a neurodegenerative disease using microencapsulated recombinant cells. Exp Neurol 2000; 166:276-86. [PMID: 11085893 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.2000.7531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases caused by lysosomal enzyme deficiencies are catastrophic illnesses with both peripheral organ and central nervous system abnormalities. The mucopolysaccharidosis type VII mouse with beta-glucuronidase deficiency was used to develop an alternate approach to gene therapy, in which a "universal" cell line engineered to secrete the missing enzyme is implanted directly into all recipients requiring the same enzyme replacement. The cells, though nonautologous, were rendered immunologically tolerable by protection in immunoisolating microcapsules. Since the blood-brain barrier impedes the passage of large molecules such as beta-glucuronidase, encapsulated cells producing beta-glucuronidase were introduced directly into the lateral ventricles of the brain. Based on this strategy, beta-glucuronidase was delivered throughout most of the central nervous system, reversing the histological pathology and reducing the previously elevated levels of lysosomal enzymes beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-galactosidase. The effectiveness of this approach was further demonstrated with improvements in the mutant circadian rhythm behavioral abnormalities. Compared to wild-type and heterozygous mice, the mutant mice had an unstable periodicity, fragmented activity, and a sixfold reduction in wheel running activity. After treatment, the mutant behavioral abnormalities were significantly improved with a more stable periodicity and a less fragmented pattern of activity. While the overall total activity level did not increase in the treated mutants, it did not show the deterioration observed in the sham-treated as well as in the untreated mutant mice. Hence, this alternative cell-based gene therapy demonstrates biochemical, histological, and behavioral efficacy and provides a potentially cost-effective and nonviral treatment applicable to all lysosomal storage diseases with neurological deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Ross
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada
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Anaya-Martínez V, Montiel-Flores E, Espinosa-Villanueva J, García-Hernández F. Effects of graft placement site on the survival of adrenal medulla transplants into the brain and its relation with the recovery of motor function. Arch Med Res 2000; 31:551-7. [PMID: 11257320 DOI: 10.1016/s0188-4409(00)00247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of their lack of long-term viability, adrenal tissue transplants have shown limited success in alleviating the motor disturbances associated with experimental and pathologic striatal dopamine denervation. In this study, we examined how the graft placement site influences adrenal medulla transplant survival and its relation with the reduction of motor deficits in rats bearing unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. METHODS One or 5 microL of fetal adrenal medullar tissue was grafted either inside the striatal parenchyma or into the lateral ventricle in contact with the dopamine-denervated striatum. Motor disturbances, as assessed by apomorphine-induced rotation, were correlated to the graft morphologic survival features. RESULTS Apomorphine-induced rotation showed a marginal reduction of 11% in all groups independently of graft survival features or placement site. Intrastriatal transplants showed limited viability characterized by a substantial loss of graft initial volume as well as fewer and smaller chromaffin cells compared to ventricular grafts, which had a reduced loss of graft initial volume and more and larger chromaffin cells. CONCLUSIONS Although the lateral ventricle may favor adrenal medulla transplant viability, their induced motor outcome is comparable to that induced by less viable intrastriatal grafts, suggesting that the implanted dopamine-producing cells may interact and influence striatal neurons better when placed in close proximity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anaya-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuromorfología, Departamento de Neurociencias, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Profesionales (ENEP) Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
This review paper will provide an overview of the advent of neural transplantation therapy and the milestones achieved over the last 20 years for its use in treating Parkinson's disease. A discussion of technical factors that influence the outcome of neural transplantation is presented, with emphasis given on three sections dealing with immunosuppressants, alternative grafts and trophic factors which have recently been the focus of basic research and development of early phase clinical trials. Some views on the clinical assessment of transplanted Parkinson's disease patients are given at the end of the paper, with a synopsis highlighting the importance of basic research in advancing the potential clinical benefits of neural transplantation therapy in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Borlongan
- Cellular Neurobiology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Date I, Shingo T, Yoshida H, Fujiwara K, Kobayashi K, Ohmoto T. Grafting of encapsulated dopamine-secreting cells in Parkinson's disease: long-term primate study. Cell Transplant 2000; 9:705-9. [PMID: 11144970 DOI: 10.1177/096368970000900519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transplantation of encapsulated dopamine-secreting cells into the striatum represents one potential means of treating Parkinson's disease. The present study investigated the ability of encapsulated PC12 cells, which are derived from rat pheochromocytoma, to supply L-dopa and dopamine into the primate brain in the long term and to effect functional improvement in the animals. Following polymer encapsulation, PC12 cells were transplanted into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian monkeys. The secretion of L-dopa and dopamine from the encapsulated cells, the morphology of these cells, the histology of the host striatum surrounding the capsule, and functional changes in the host animals were examined 1, 6, and 12 months after transplantation. Analysis of retrieved capsules revealed that the PC12 cells survived and continued to release L-dopa and dopamine even 12 months after transplantation. The histological response of the host brain surrounding the capsules was minimal and there were no signs of immunological rejection or tumor formation. The physical condition of the host animals was good for 12 months, and hematologic and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed that no animals suffered from infection or immunological reaction. These PC12 cell-grafted monkeys showed improvements in hand movements after transplantation, effects that lasted for at least 12 months. These results further support the potential use of this approach for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
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35
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Aoi M, Date I, Tomita S, Ohmoto T. The effect of intrastriatal single injection of GDNF on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system in hemiparkinsonian rats: behavioral and histological studies using two different dosages. Neurosci Res 2000; 36:319-25. [PMID: 10771110 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-0102(00)00097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily and acts as a neurotrophic factor for the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. Although previous studies have shown that pretreatment with GDNF could prevent degenerative changes of nigrostriatal DA system by DA neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), it is not really known whether GDNF can induce recovery of nigrostriatal DA system after partial lesioning by 6-OHDA. Substantia nigra has been commonly chosen as injection site for GDNF but a limited number of studies have used striatum as injection site where neural transplantation is commonly performed. Unilateral intrastriatal administration of 6-OHDA was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats to create partial lesion of the nigrostriatal DA system. These hemiparkinsonian model rats received a 10- or 100-microg single injection of human recombinant GDNF into the same portion of the striatum 4 weeks after 6-OHDA treatment. Both animals that received a 10- or 100-microg single injection of GDNF showed decreased apomorphine-induced rotation at 2 weeks after injection. More potent and prolonged functional recovery was observed in animals receiving 100 microg of GDNF than in those receiving 10 microg of GDNF. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry revealed that TH positive DA fiber density in the striatum and the number of DA cell bodies in the substantia nigra were greater in animals receiving 10 or 100 microg of GDNF than those receiving saline. These immunocytochemical results have also shown that 100 microg of GDNF was more potent than 10 microg of GDNF. These morphological and functional results indicate that GDNF treatment 4 weeks after 6-OHDA lesioning could induce recovery of nigrostriatal DA system. Striatum was a good site for GDNF administration for hemiparkinsonian rats and a single injection of 100 microg of GDNF was more potent than 10 microg of GDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Japan
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36
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Boonman Z, Isacson O. Apoptosis in neuronal development and transplantation: role of caspases and trophic factors. Exp Neurol 1999; 156:1-15. [PMID: 10192773 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal ventral mesencephalic (VM) transplants have been studied in the context of dopaminergic (DA) replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). DA neurons from VM transplants will grow axons and form functional synapses in the adult host central nervous system (CNS). Recently, studies have demonstrated that most of the transplanted DA neurons die in grafts within the first week after implantation. An important feature of neural development, also in transplanted developing fetal neural tissue, is cell death. However, while about 50% of cells born in the CNS will die naturally, up to 99% of fetal cells die after neural transplantation. It has been shown that VM grafts contain many apoptotic cells even at 14 days after transplantation. The interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) cysteine protease and 11 other ICE-like-related proteases have been identified, now named caspases. Activation of caspases is one of the final steps before a neuron is committed to die by apoptosis. Here we review this cell death process in detail: Since the growth of fetal neural grafts placed in the adult brain in many ways mimics normal development, it is likely that the caspases also play a functional role in transplants. Pharmacological inhibitors of caspases and genetically modified mice are now available for the study of neuronal death in fetal neuronal transplants. Understanding cell death mechanisms involved in acute cellular injury, necrosis, and programmed cell death (PCD) is useful in improving future neuronal transplantation methodology, as well as in neuroprotection, for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Boonman
- Neuroregeneration Laboratories, Harvard Medical School, Program in Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, MRC 119, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
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