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Sobrino-Mengual G, Armario-Nájera V, Balieu J, Walet-Balieu ML, Saba-Mayoral A, Pelacho AM, Capell T, Christou P, Bardor M, Lerouge P. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Domain Expressed in Rice Callus Features a Homogeneous Mix of Complex-Type Glycans. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4466. [PMID: 38674051 PMCID: PMC11050186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 is required for the infection of human cells. It is the main target that elicits neutralizing antibodies and also a major component of diagnostic kits. The large demand for this protein has led to the use of plants as a production platform. However, it is necessary to determine the N-glycan structures of an RBD to investigate its efficacy and functionality as a vaccine candidate or diagnostic reagent. Here, we analyzed the N-glycan profile of the RBD produced in rice callus. Of the two potential N-glycan acceptor sites, we found that one was not utilized and the other contained a mixture of complex-type N-glycans. This differs from the heterogeneous mixture of N-glycans found when an RBD is expressed in other hosts, including Nicotiana benthamiana. By comparing the glycosylation profiles of different hosts, we can select platforms that produce RBDs with the most beneficial N-glycan structures for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Sobrino-Mengual
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Victoria Armario-Nájera
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Juliette Balieu
- GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PISSARO, Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.-L.W.-B.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Saba-Mayoral
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Ana M. Pelacho
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio CERCA Center, 25003 Lleida, Spain; (G.S.-M.); (V.A.-N.); (A.S.-M.); (A.M.P.); (T.C.); (P.C.)
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muriel Bardor
- INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US51 UAR2026, PISSARO, Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France; (M.-L.W.-B.); (M.B.)
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- GlycoMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, IRIB, GDR CNRS Chemobiologie, RMT BESTIM, Université de Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France;
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Bohle F, Klaus A, Ingelfinger J, Tegethof H, Safari N, Schwarzländer M, Hochholdinger F, Hahn M, Meyer AJ, Acosta IF, Müller-Schüssele SJ. Contrasting cytosolic glutathione redox dynamics under abiotic and biotic stress in barley as revealed by the biosensor Grx1-roGFP2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2299-2312. [PMID: 38301663 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Barley is a staple crop of major global importance and relatively resilient to a wide range of stress factors in the field. Transgenic reporter lines to investigate physiological parameters during stress treatments remain scarce. We generated and characterized transgenic homozygous barley lines (cv. Golden Promise Fast) expressing the genetically encoded biosensor Grx1-roGFP2, which indicates the redox potential of the major antioxidant glutathione in the cytosol. Our results demonstrated functionality of the sensor in living barley plants. We determined the glutathione redox potential (EGSH) of the cytosol to be in the range of -308 mV to -320 mV. EGSH was robust against a combined NaCl (150 mM) and water deficit treatment (-0.8 MPa) but responded with oxidation to infiltration with the phytotoxic secretome of the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The generated reporter lines are a novel resource to study biotic and abiotic stress resilience in barley, pinpointing that even severe abiotic stress leading to a growth delay does not automatically induce cytosolic EGSH oxidation, while necrotrophic pathogens can undermine this robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finja Bohle
- Molecular Botany, Department of Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, D-67633 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina Klaus
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian Ingelfinger
- Molecular Botany, Department of Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, D-67633 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hendrik Tegethof
- Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nassim Safari
- Phytopathology, Department of Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, D-67633 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Hochholdinger
- Crop Functional Genomics, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Hahn
- Phytopathology, Department of Biology, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, D-67633 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Chemical Signalling, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivan F Acosta
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
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Yulfo-Soto G, McCormick S, Chen H, Bai G, Trick HN, Hao G. Reduction of Fusarium head blight and trichothecene contamination in transgenic wheat expressing Fusarium graminearum trichothecene 3- O-acetyltransferase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389605. [PMID: 38650698 PMCID: PMC11033581 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB), produces various mycotoxins that contaminate wheat grains and cause profound health problems in humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most common trichothecene found in contaminated grains. Our previous study showed that Arabidopsis-expressing F. graminearum trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (FgTRI101) converted DON to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON) and excreted it outside of Arabidopsis cells. To determine if wheat can convert and excrete 3-ADON and reduce FHB and DON contamination, FgTRI101 was cloned and introduced into wheat cv Bobwhite. Four independent transgenic lines containing FgTRI101 were identified. Gene expression studies showed that FgTRI101 was highly expressed in wheat leaf and spike tissues in the transgenic line FgTri101-1606. The seedlings of two FgTri101 transgenic wheat lines (FgTri101-1606 and 1651) grew significantly longer roots than the controls on media containing 5 µg/mL DON; however, the 3-ADON conversion and excretion was detected inconsistently in the seedlings of FgTri101-1606. Further analyses did not detect 3-ADON or other possible DON-related products in FgTri101-1606 seedlings after adding deuterium-labeled DON into the growth media. FgTri101-transgenic wheat plants showed significantly enhanced FHB resistance and lower DON content after they were infected with F. graminearum, but 3-ADON was not detected. Our study suggests that it is promising to utilize FgTRI101, a gene that the fungus uses for self-protection, for managing FHB and mycotoxin in wheat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabdiel Yulfo-Soto
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Harold N. Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, IL, United States
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Wei C, Hu Z, Wang S, Tan X, Jin Y, Yi Z, He K, Zhao L, Chu Z, Fang Y, Chen S, Liu P, Zhao H. An endogenous promoter LpSUT2 discovered in duckweed: a promising transgenic tool for plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1368284. [PMID: 38638348 PMCID: PMC11025394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1368284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Promoters are one of the most critical elements in regulating gene expression. They are considered essential biotechnological tools for heterologous protein production. The one most widely used in plants is the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. However, our study for the first time discovered the 35S promoter reduced the expression of exogenous proteins under increased antibiotic stress. We discovered an endogenous strong promoter from duckweed named LpSUT2 that keeps higher initiation activity under antibiotic stress. Stable transformation in duckweed showed that the gene expression of eGFP in the LpSUT2:eGFP was 1.76 times that of the 35S:eGFP at 100 mg.L-1 G418 and 6.18 times at 500 mg.L-1 G418. Notably, with the increase of G418 concentration, the gene expression and the fluorescence signal of eGFP in the 35S:eGFP were weakened, while the LpSUT2:eGFP only changed slightly. This is because, under high antibiotic stress, the 35S promoter was methylated, leading to the gene silencing of the eGFP gene. Meanwhile, the LpSUT2 promoter was not methylated and maintained high activity. This is a previously unknown mechanism that provides us with new insights into screening more stable promoters that are less affected by environmental stress. These outcomes suggest that the LpSUT2 promoter has a high capacity to initiate the expression of exogenous proteins. In conclusion, our study provides a promoter tool with potential application for plant genetic engineering and also provides new insights into screening promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhubin Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songhu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Quality Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuolin Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaize He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Leyi Zhao
- Pitzer College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Ziyue Chu
- Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Penghui Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zheng C, Zhou J, Yuan X, Zheng E, Liu X, Cui W, Yan C, Wu Y, Ruan W, Yi K, Chen J, Wang X. Elevating plant immunity by translational regulation of a rice WRKY transcription factor. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1033-1048. [PMID: 37997501 PMCID: PMC10955491 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Plants have intricate mechanisms that tailor their defence responses to pathogens. WRKY transcription factors play a pivotal role in plant immunity by regulating various defence signalling pathways. Many WRKY genes are transcriptionally activated upon pathogen attack, but how their functions are regulated after transcription remains elusive. Here, we show that OsWRKY7 functions as a crucial positive regulator of rice basal immunity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). The activity of OsWRKY7 was regulated at both translational and post-translational levels. Two translational products of OsWRKY7 were generated by alternative initiation. The full-length OsWRKY7 protein is normally degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system but was accumulated following elicitor or pathogen treatment, whereas the alternate product initiated from the downstream in-frame start codon was stable. Both the full and alternate OsWRKY7 proteins have transcriptional activities in yeast and rice cells, and overexpression of each form enhanced resistance to Xoo infection. Furthermore, disruption of the main AUG in rice increased the endogenous translation of the alternate stabilized form of OsWRKY7 and enhanced bacterial blight resistance. This study provides insights into the coordination of alternative translation and protein stability in the regulation of plant growth and basal defence mediated by the OsWRKY7 transcription factor, and also suggests a promising strategy to breed disease-resistant rice by translation initiation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Ersong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
- College of Plant ProtectionNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingP.R. China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Weijun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of BiotechnologyNingbo Academy of Agricultural SciencesNingboP.R. China
| | - Yueyan Wu
- Zhejiang Wan Li UniversityNingboP.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ruan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
- Institute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingboP. R. China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agroproducts, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and BiotechnologyZhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouP. R. China
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Hu H, Zhang Y, Yu F. A CRISPR/Cas9-based vector system enables the fast breeding of selection-marker-free canola with Rcr1-rendered clubroot resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1347-1363. [PMID: 37991105 PMCID: PMC10901203 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for disease resistance in major crops is of crucial importance for global food security and sustainability. However, common biotechnologies such as traditional transgenesis or genome editing do not provide an ideal solution, whereas transgenic crops free of selection markers such as cisgenic/intragenic crops might be suitable. In this study, after cloning and functional verification of the Rcr1 gene for resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae), we confirmed that the genes Rcr1, Rcr2, Rcr4, and CRa from Brassica rapa crops and the resistance gene from B. napus oilseed rape cv. 'Mendel' on chromosome A03 were identical in their coding regions. We also determined that Rcr1 has a wide distribution in Brassica breeding materials and renders potent resistance against multiple representative clubroot strains in Canada. We then modified a CRISPR/Cas9-based cisgenic vector system and found that it enabled the fast breeding of selection-marker-free transgenic crops with add-on traits, with selection-marker-free canola (B. napus) germplasms with Rcr1-rendered stable resistance to clubroot disease being successfully developed within 2 years. In the B. napus background, the intragenic vector system was able to remove unwanted residue sequences from the final product with high editing efficiency, and off-target mutations were not detected. Our study demonstrates the potential of applying this breeding strategy to other crops that can be transformed by Agrobacterium. Following the streamlined working procedure, intragenic germplasms can be developed within two generations, which could significantly reduce the breeding time and labor compared to traditional introgression whilst still achieving comparable or even better breeding results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Yan Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Fengqun Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
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Gao D, Abdullah S, Baldwin T, Caspersen A, Williams E, Carlson A, Petersen M, Hu G, Klos KE, Bregitzer P. Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of the Fusarium graminearum Tri6 gene into barley using mature seed-derived shoot tips as explants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:40. [PMID: 38244048 PMCID: PMC10799836 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03129-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE We transferred the Tri6 gene into the elite barley GemCraft via new transformation method through shoot organogenesis and identified the rearrangements of transgenes and phenotypic variations in the transgenic plants. Despite its agronomic and economic importance, barley transformation is still very challenging for many elite varieties. In this study, we used direct shoot organogenesis to transform the elite barley cultivar GemCraft with the RNAi constructs containing Tri6 gene of Fusarium graminearum, which causes fusarium head blight (FHB). We isolated 4432 shoot tips and co-cultured these explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A total of 25 independent T0 transgenic plants were generated including 15 events for which transgene-specific PCR amplicons were observed. To further determine the presence of transgenes, the T1 progenies of all 15 T0 plants were analyzed, and the expected PCR products were obtained in 10 T1 lines. Droplet digital (dd) PCR analysis revealed various copy numbers of transgenes in the transgenic plants. We determined the insertion site of transgenes using long-read sequencing data and observed the rearrangements of transgenes. We found phenotypic variations in both T1 and T2 generation plants. FHB disease was evaluated under growth chamber conditions, but no significant differences in disease severity or deoxynivalenol accumulation were observed between two Tri6 transgenic lines and the wildtype. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the shoot tip transformation and may open the door for applying this system for genetic improvement and gene function research in other barley genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Gao
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA.
| | - Sidrat Abdullah
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Research Participant, Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - Thomas Baldwin
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Ann Caspersen
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - Edward Williams
- Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
| | - Alvar Carlson
- Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
| | - Mike Petersen
- Wisconsin Crop Innovation Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Middleton, WI, 53562, USA
| | - Gongshe Hu
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - Kathy Esvelt Klos
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
| | - Phil Bregitzer
- Small Grains and Potato Germplasm Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID, 83210, USA
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8
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Yu G, Sun B, Zhu Z, Mehareb EM, Teng A, Han J, Zhang H, Liu J, Liu X, Raza G, Zhang B, Zhang Y, Wang K. Genome-wide DNase I-hypersensitive site assay reveals distinct genomic distributions and functional features of open chromatin in autopolyploid sugarcane. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:573-589. [PMID: 37897092 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of cis-regulatory DNA elements (CREs) is essential for deciphering the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Although there have been endeavors to identify CREs in plants, the properties of CREs in polyploid genomes are still largely unknown. Here, we conducted the genome-wide identification of DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) in leaf and stem tissues of the auto-octoploid species Saccharum officinarum. We revealed that DHSs showed highly similar distributions in the genomes of these two S. officinarum tissues. Notably, we observed that approximately 74% of DHSs were located in distal intergenic regions, suggesting considerable differences in the abundance of distal CREs between S. officinarum and other plants. Leaf- and stem-dependent transcriptional regulatory networks were also developed by mining the binding motifs of transcription factors (TFs) from tissue-specific DHSs. Four TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1, CYCLOIDEA, and PCF1 (TCP) TFs (TCP2, TCP4, TCP7, and TCP14) and two ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) (ERF109 and ERF03) showed strong causal connections with short binding distances from each other, pointing to their possible roles in the regulatory networks of leaf and stem development. Through functional validation in transiently transgenic protoplasts, we isolate a set of tissue-specific promoters. Overall, the DHS maps presented here offer a global view of the potential transcriptional regulatory elements in polyploid sugarcane and can be expected to serve as a valuable resource for both transcriptional network elucidation and genome editing in sugarcane breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Bo Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhiying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Eid M Mehareb
- Sugar Crops Research Institute (SRCI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Ailing Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jinlei Han
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- Sugarcane Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, 661699, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Sugarcane Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, 661699, China
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27858, USA
| | - Yuebin Zhang
- Sugarcane Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaiyuan, 661699, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
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9
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Perroud PF, Guyon-Debast A, Casacuberta JM, Paul W, Pichon JP, Comeau D, Nogué F. Improved prime editing allows for routine predictable gene editing in Physcomitrium patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6176-6187. [PMID: 37243510 PMCID: PMC10575697 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and precise gene editing is the gold standard of any reverse genetic study. The recently developed prime editing approach, a modified CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein] editing method, has reached the precision goal but its editing rate can be improved. We present an improved methodology that allows for routine prime editing in the model plant Physcomitrium patens, whilst exploring potential new prime editing improvements. Using a standardized protoplast transfection procedure, multiple prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) structural and prime editor variants were evaluated targeting the APT reporter gene through direct plant selection. Together, enhancements of expression of the prime editor, modifications of the 3' extension of the pegRNA, and the addition of synonymous mutation in the reverse transcriptase template sequence of the pegRNA dramatically improve the editing rate without affecting the quality of the edits. Furthermore, we show that prime editing is amenable to edit a gene of interest through indirect selection, as demonstrated by the generation of a Ppdek10 mutant. Additionally, we determine that a plant retrotransposon reverse transcriptase enables prime editing. Finally, we show for the first time the possibility of performing prime editing with two independently coded peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Perroud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Anouchka Guyon-Debast
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Josep M Casacuberta
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Edifici CRAG, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wyatt Paul
- Limagrain Europe, Centre de Recherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France
| | | | - David Comeau
- Limagrain Europe, Centre de Recherche de Chappes, 63720 Chappes, France
| | - Fabien Nogué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
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10
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Hao G, Naumann TA, Chen H, Bai G, McCormick S, Kim HS, Tian B, Trick HN, Naldrett MJ, Proctor R. Fusarium graminearum Effector FgNls1 Targets Plant Nuclei to Induce Wheat Head Blight. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:478-488. [PMID: 36853197 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-22-0254-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat and barley worldwide. Effectors suppress host immunity and promote disease development. The genome of F. graminearum contains hundreds of effectors with unknown function. Therefore, investigations of the functions of these effectors will facilitate developing novel strategies to enhance wheat resistance to FHB. We characterized a F. graminearum effector, FgNls1, containing a signal peptide and multiple eukaryotic nuclear localization signals. A fusion protein of green fluorescent protein and FgNls1 accumulated in plant cell nuclei when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. FgNls1 suppressed Bax-induced cell death when co-expressed in N. benthamiana. We revealed that the expression of FgNLS1 was induced in wheat spikes infected with F. graminearum. The Fgnls1 mutants significantly reduced initial infection and FHB spread within a spike. The function of FgNLS1 was restored in the Fgnls1-complemented strains. Wheat histone 2B was identified as an interacting protein by FgNls1-affinity chromatography. Furthermore, transgenic wheat plants that silence FgNLS1 expression had significantly lower FHB severity than control plants. This study demonstrates a critical role of FgNls1 in F. graminearum pathogenesis and indicates that host-induced gene silencing targeting F. graminearum effectors is a promising approach to enhance FHB resistance. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Hao
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Todd A Naumann
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
- USDA-ARS, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Susan McCormick
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Michael J Naldrett
- Nebraska Center for Biotechnology, Beadle Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, U.S.A
| | - Robert Proctor
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
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11
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Bellucci M, Caceres ME, Paolocci F, Vega JM, Ortiz JPA, Ceccarelli M, De Marchis F, Pupilli F. ORIGIN OF RECOGNITION COMPLEX 3 controls the development of maternal excess endosperm in the Paspalum simplex agamic complex (Poaceae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3074-3093. [PMID: 36812152 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudogamous apomixis in Paspalum simplex generates seeds with embryos genetically identical to the mother plant and endosperms deviating from the canonical 2(maternal):1(paternal) parental genome contribution into a maternal excess 4m:1p genome ratio. In P. simplex, the gene homologous to that coding for subunit 3 of the ORIGIN OF RECOGNITION COMPLEX (PsORC3) exists in three isogenic forms: PsORC3a is apomixis specific and constitutively expressed in developing endosperm whereas PsORCb and PsORCc are up-regulated in sexual endosperms and silenced in apomictic ones. This raises the question of how the different arrangement and expression profiles of these three ORC3 isogenes are linked to seed development in interploidy crosses generating maternal excess endosperms. We demonstrate that down-regulation of PsORC3b in sexual tetraploid plants is sufficient to restore seed fertility in interploidy 4n×2n crosses and, in turn, its expression level at the transition from proliferating to endoreduplication endosperm developmental stages dictates the fate of these seeds. Furthermore, we show that only when being maternally inherited can PsORC3c up-regulate PsORC3b. Our findings lay the basis for an innovative route-based on ORC3 manipulation-to introgress the apomictic trait into sexual crops and overcome the fertilization barriers in interploidy crosses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Eugenia Caceres
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolocci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Juan Manuel Vega
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR), CONICET-UNR and Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Amelio Ortiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario (IICAR), CONICET-UNR and Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2125ZAA, Zavalla, Argentina
| | - Marilena Ceccarelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Pupilli
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), 06128, Perugia, Italy
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12
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Chang X, Yang M, Li H, Wu J, Zhang J, Yin C, Ma W, Chen H, Zhou F, Lin Y. Cloning of the promoter of rice brown planthopper feeding-inducible gene OsTPS31 and identification of related cis-regulatory elements. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1809-1819. [PMID: 36637212 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most serious pests of rice in the world. Insect-resistant genetic engineering is a very effective technology to control BPH. The promoters and cis-regulatory elements inducible by plant-feeding insects are critical for genetic engineering of insect-resistant crops. RESULTS In this study, we cloned a promoter Ptps31 and a 7 bp cis-regulatory sequence that up-regulated downstream genes induced by BPH feeding. The promoter of OsTPS31 (Ptps31) unresponsive to physical damage but responsive to BPH feeding was cloned and functionally verified. The results showed that expression of the OsBPH14 gene driven by the promoter region from -510 to -246 bp in rice could significantly improve the resistance to BPH. The promoter region from -376 to -370 bp (TAGTGTC) was identified as a cis-regulatory sequence related to BPH feeding induction of downstream gene expression. CONCLUSION The findings provide a new promoter and a new cis-regulatory sequence tool for the research on and application of rice BPH resistance genes, as well as a new perspective for functional analysis of the OsTPS31 gene. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanpeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiemin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changxi Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Zhou A, Kirkpatrick LD, Ornelas IJ, Washington LJ, Hummel NFC, Gee CW, Tang SN, Barnum CR, Scheller HV, Shih PM. A Suite of Constitutive Promoters for Tuning Gene Expression in Plants. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1533-1545. [PMID: 37083366 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The need for convenient tools to express transgenes over a large dynamic range is pervasive throughout plant synthetic biology; however, current efforts are largely limited by the heavy reliance on a small set of strong promoters, precluding more nuanced and refined engineering endeavors in planta. To address this technical gap, we characterize a suite of constitutive promoters that span a wide range of transcriptional levels and develop a GoldenGate-based plasmid toolkit named PCONS, optimized for versatile cloning and rapid testing of transgene expression at varying strengths. We demonstrate how easy access to a stepwise gradient of expression levels can be used for optimizing synthetic transcriptional systems and the production of small molecules in planta. We also systematically investigate the potential of using PCONS as an internal standard in plant biology experimental design, establishing the best practices for signal normalization in experiments. Although our library has primarily been developed for optimizing expression in N. benthamiana, we demonstrate the translatability of our promoters across distantly related species using a multiplexed reporter assay with barcoded transcripts. Our findings showcase the advantages of the PCONS library as an invaluable toolkit for plant synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Zhou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Liam D Kirkpatrick
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Izaiah J Ornelas
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lorenzo J Washington
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Niklas F C Hummel
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Christopher W Gee
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Sophia N Tang
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Collin R Barnum
- Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94705, United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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14
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Swinka C, Hellmann E, Zwack P, Banda R, Rashotte AM, Heyl A. Cytokinin Response Factor 9 Represses Cytokinin Responses in Flower Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4380. [PMID: 36901811 PMCID: PMC10002603 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-step phosphorelay system is the main conduit of cytokinin signal transduction. However, several groups of additional factors that also play a role in this signaling pathway have been found-among them the Cytokinin Response Factors (CRFs). In a genetic screen, CRF9 was identified as a regulator of the transcriptional cytokinin response. It is mainly expressed in flowers. Mutational analysis indicates that CRF9 plays a role in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth and silique development. The CRF9 protein is localized in the nucleus and functions as a transcriptional repressor of Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (ARR6)-a primary response gene for cytokinin signaling. The experimental data suggest that CRF9 functions as a repressor of cytokinin during reproductive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Swinka
- Institut für Angewandte Genetik, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht Thaer Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Hellmann
- Institut für Angewandte Genetik, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht Thaer Weg 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Zwack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ramya Banda
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Ave, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
| | - Aaron M. Rashotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Sciences, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Alexander Heyl
- Department of Biology, Adelphi University, 1 South Ave, Garden City, NY 11530, USA
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15
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Harrington SA, Connorton JM, Nyangoma NIM, McNelly R, Morgan YML, Aslam MF, Sharp PA, Johnson AAT, Uauy C, Balk J. A two-gene strategy increases iron and zinc concentrations in wheat flour, improving mineral bioaccessibility. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:528-541. [PMID: 36308454 PMCID: PMC9806615 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary deficiencies of iron and zinc cause human malnutrition that can be mitigated by biofortified staple crops. Conventional breeding approaches to increase grain mineral concentrations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have had only limited success, and our understanding of the genetic and physiological barriers to altering this trait is incomplete. Here we demonstrate that a transgenic approach combining endosperm-specific expression of the wheat VACUOLAR IRON TRANSPORTER gene TaVIT2-D with constitutive expression of the rice (Oryza sativa) NICOTIANAMINE SYNTHASE gene OsNAS2 significantly increases the total concentration of zinc and relocates iron to white-flour fractions. In two distinct bread wheat cultivars, we show that the so called VIT-NAS construct led to a two-fold increase in zinc in wholemeal flour, to ∼50 µg g-1. Total iron was not significantly increased, but redistribution within the grain resulted in a three-fold increase in iron in highly pure, roller-milled white flour, to ∼25 µg g-1. Interestingly, expression of OsNAS2 partially restored iron translocation to the aleurone, which is iron depleted in grain overexpressing TaVIT2 alone. A greater than three-fold increase in the level of the natural plant metal chelator nicotianamine in the grain of VIT-NAS lines corresponded with improved iron and zinc bioaccessibility in white flour. The growth of VIT-NAS plants in the greenhouse was indistinguishable from untransformed controls. Our results provide insights into mineral translocation and distribution in wheat grain and demonstrate that the individual and combined effects of the two transgenes can enhance the nutritional quality of wheat beyond what is possible by conventional breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Connorton
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Rose McNelly
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Yvie M L Morgan
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Mohamad F Aslam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Paul A Sharp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | | | - Cristobal Uauy
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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16
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Abstract
Introducing asexual reproduction through seeds - apomixis - into crop species could revolutionize agriculture by allowing F1 hybrids with enhanced yield and stability to be clonally propagated. Engineering synthetic apomixis has proven feasible in inbred rice through the inactivation of three genes (MiMe), which results in the conversion of meiosis into mitosis in a line ectopically expressing the BABYBOOM1 (BBM1) parthenogenetic trigger in egg cells. However, only 10-30% of the seeds are clonal. Here, we show that synthetic apomixis can be achieved in an F1 hybrid of rice by inducing MiMe mutations and egg cell expression of BBM1 in a single step. We generate hybrid plants that produce more than 95% of clonal seeds across multiple generations. Clonal apomictic plants maintain the phenotype of the F1 hybrid along successive generations. Our results demonstrate that there is no barrier to almost fully penetrant synthetic apomixis in an important crop species, rendering it compatible with use in agriculture.
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17
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Characterization of a Stress-Enhanced Promoter from the Grass Halophyte, Spartina alterniflora L. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121828. [PMID: 36552337 PMCID: PMC9775435 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stress-inducible promoters are vital for the desirable expression of genes, especially transcription factors, which could otherwise compromise growth and development when constitutively overexpressed in plants. Here, we report on the characterization of the promoter region of a stress-responsive gene SaAsr1 from monocot halophyte cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Several cis-acting elements, such as ABRE (ABA-responsive element), DRE-CRT (dehydration responsive-element/C-Repeat), LTRE (low temperature-responsive element), ERE (ethylene-responsive element), LRE (light-responsive element), etc. contributed at varying degrees to salt-, drought- and ABA-enhanced expression of gusA reporter gene in Arabidopsis thaliana under the full-length promoter, pAsr11875 and its deletion derivatives with an assortment of cis-regulatory motifs. The smallest promoter, pAsr1491, with three cis-acting elements (a CCAAT box-heat responsive, an LRE, and a copper responsive element) conferred drought-enhanced expression of gusA; pAsr1755 (with an ABRE and a DRE) presented the highest expression in ABA and drought; and pAsr1994 with seven ABREs and two DREs conferred optimal induction of gusA, especially under drought and ABA. Arabidopsis transgenics expressing a known abiotic stress-responsive gene, SaADF2 (actin depolymerization factor 2), under both pAsr11875 and p35S promoters outperformed the wild type (WT) with enhanced drought and salt tolerance contributed by higher relative water content and membrane stability with no significant difference between pAsr11875:SaADF2 or p35S:SaADF2 lines. However, pAsr11875:SaADF2 lines produced healthy plants with robust shoot systems under salt stress and control compared to slightly stunted growth of the p35S:SaADF2 plants. This reestablished the evidence that transgene expression under a stress-inducible promoter is a better strategy for the genetic manipulation of crops.
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18
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Sánchez E, Ali Z, Islam T, Mahfouz M. A CRISPR-based lateral flow assay for plant genotyping and pathogen diagnostics. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:2418-2429. [PMID: 36072993 PMCID: PMC9674313 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Efficient pathogen diagnostics and genotyping methods enable effective disease management and breeding, improve crop productivity and ensure food security. However, current germplasm selection and pathogen detection techniques are laborious, time-consuming, expensive and not easy to mass-scale application in the field. Here, we optimized a field-deployable lateral flow assay, Bio-SCAN, as a highly sensitive tool to precisely identify elite germplasm and detect mutations, transgenes and phytopathogens in <1 h, starting from sample isolation to result output using lateral flow strips. As a proof of concept, we genotyped various wheat germplasms for the Lr34 and Lr67 alleles conferring broad-spectrum resistance to stripe rust, confirmed the presence of synthetically produced herbicide-resistant alleles in the rice genome and screened for the presence of transgenic elements in the genome of transgenic tobacco and rice plants with 100% specificity. We also successfully applied this new assay to the detection of phytopathogens, including viruses and bacterial pathogens in Nicotiana benthamiana, and two destructive fungal pathogens (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum) in wheat. Our results illustrate the power of Bio-SCAN in crop breeding, genetic engineering and pathogen diagnostics to enhance food security. The high sensitivity, simplicity, versatility and in-field deployability make the Bio-SCAN as an attractive molecular diagnostic tool for diverse applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Sánchez
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological SciencesKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological SciencesKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE)Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipurBangladesh
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological SciencesKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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19
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Feng Z, Li X, Fan B, Zhu C, Chen Z. Maximizing the Production of Recombinant Proteins in Plants: From Transcription to Protein Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13516. [PMID: 36362299 PMCID: PMC9659199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of therapeutic and industrial recombinant proteins in plants has advantages over established bacterial and mammalian systems in terms of cost, scalability, growth conditions, and product safety. In order to compete with these conventional expression systems, however, plant expression platforms must have additional economic advantages by demonstrating a high protein production yield with consistent quality. Over the past decades, important progress has been made in developing strategies to increase the yield of recombinant proteins in plants by enhancing their expression and reducing their degradation. Unlike bacterial and animal systems, plant expression systems can utilize not only cell cultures but also whole plants for the production of recombinant proteins. The development of viral vectors and chloroplast transformation has opened new strategies to drastically increase the yield of recombinant proteins from plants. The identification of promoters for strong, constitutive, and inducible promoters or the tissue-specific expression of transgenes allows for the production of recombinant proteins at high levels and for special purposes. Advances in the understanding of RNAi have led to effective strategies for reducing gene silencing and increasing recombinant protein production. An increased understanding of protein translation, quality control, trafficking, and degradation has also helped with the development of approaches to enhance the synthesis and stability of recombinant proteins in plants. In this review, we discuss the progress in understanding the processes that control the synthesis and degradation of gene transcripts and proteins, which underlie a variety of developed strategies aimed at maximizing recombinant protein production in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Feng
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baofang Fan
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhixiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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20
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Abdallah NA, Elsharawy H, Abulela HA, Thilmony R, Abdelhadi AA, Elarabi NI. Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to address drought tolerance in wheat. GM CROPS & FOOD 2022:1-17. [PMID: 36200515 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2022.2120313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing tools have rapidly been adopted by plant scientists for crop improvement. Genome editing using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system is a useful technique for crop improvement in monocot species. In this study, we utilized precise gene editing techniques to generate wheat 3'(2'), 5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase (TaSal1) mutants using a multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. Five active TaSal1 homologous genes were found in the genome of Giza168 in addition to another apparently inactive gene on chromosome 4A. Three gRNAs were designed and used to target exons 4, 5 and 7 of the five wheat TaSal1 genes. Among the 120 Giza168 transgenic plants, 41 lines exhibited mutations and produced heritable TaSal1 mutations in the M1 progeny and 5 lines were full 5 gene knock-outs. These mutant plants exhibit a rolled-leaf phenotype in young leaves and bended stems, but there were no significant changes in the internode length and width, leaf morphology, and stem shape. Anatomical and scanning electron microscope studies of the young leaves of mutated TaSal1 lines showed closed stomata, increased stomata width and increase in the size of the bulliform cells. Sal1 mutant seedlings germinated and grew better on media containing polyethylene glycol than wildtype seedlings. Our results indicate that the application of the multiplex sgRNA-CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing is efficient tool for mutating more multiple TaSal1 loci in hexaploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa A Abdallah
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany Elsharawy
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamiss A Abulela
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Roger Thilmony
- USDA-ARS Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Nagwa I Elarabi
- Department of Genetics,Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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21
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Mohr T, Horstman J, Gu YQ, Elarabi NI, Abdallah NA, Thilmony R. CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing of the Sal1 Gene Family in Wheat. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172259. [PMID: 36079639 PMCID: PMC9460255 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved Sal1 encodes a bifunctional enzyme with inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase and 3′ (2′), 5′-bisphosphate nucleotidase activity and has been shown to alter abiotic stress tolerance in plants when disrupted. Precise gene editing techniques were used to generate Sal1 mutants in hexaploid bread wheat. The CRISPR (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Cas9 system with three guide RNAs (gRNAs) was used to inactivate six Sal1 homologous genes within the Bobwhite wheat genome. The resulting mutant wheat plants with all their Sal1 genes disabled had slimmer stems, had a modest reduction in biomass and senesced more slowly in water limiting conditions, but did not exhibit improved yield under drought conditions. Our results show that multiplexed gRNAs enabled effective targeted gene editing of the Sal1 gene family in hexaploid wheat. These Sal1 mutant wheat plants will be a resource for further research studying the function of this gene family in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Mohr
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - James Horstman
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Yong Q. Gu
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Nagwa I. Elarabi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A. Abdallah
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Roger Thilmony
- USDA-ARS, Crop Improvement and Genetics Unit, Albany, CA 94710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(510)-559-5761
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22
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Upadhyaya HD, Wang L, Prakash CS, Liu Y, Gao L, Meng R, Seetharam K, Gowda CLL, Ganesamurthy K, Singh SK, Kumar R, Li J, Wang YH. Genome-wide association mapping identifies an SNF4 ortholog that impacts biomass and sugar yield in sorghum and sugarcane. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3584-3596. [PMID: 35290448 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is a feed/industrial crop in developed countries and a staple food elsewhere in the world. This study evaluated the sorghum mini core collection for days to 50% flowering (DF), biomass, plant height (PH), soluble solid content (SSC), and juice weight (JW), and the sorghum reference set for DF and PH, in 7-12 testing environments. We also performed genome-wide association mapping with 6 094 317 and 265 500 single nucleotide polymorphism markers in the mini core collection and the reference set, respectively. In the mini core panel we identified three quantitative trait loci for DF, two for JW, one for PH, and one for biomass. In the reference set panel we identified another quantitative trait locus for PH on chromosome 6 that was also associated with biomass, DF, JW, and SSC in the mini core panel. Transgenic studies of three genes selected from the locus revealed that Sobic.006G061100 (SbSNF4-2) increased biomass, SSC, JW, and PH when overexpressed in both sorghum and sugarcane, and delayed flowering in transgenic sorghum. SbSNF4-2 encodes a γ subunit of the evolutionarily conserved AMPK/SNF1/SnRK1 heterotrimeric complexes. SbSNF4-2 and its orthologs will be valuable in genetic enhancement of biomass and sugar yield in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari D Upadhyaya
- Gene Bank, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Lihua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | | | - Yanlong Liu
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Li Gao
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Ruirui Meng
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Kaliyamoorthy Seetharam
- Gene Bank, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - C L Laxmipathi Gowda
- Gene Bank, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Shailesh Kumar Singh
- Gene Bank, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Kumar
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Jieqin Li
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Hong Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504, USA
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23
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Navia-Urrutia M, Mosquera G, Ellsworth R, Farman M, Trick HN, Valent B. Effector Genes in Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum as Potential Targets for Incorporating Blast Resistance in Wheat. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1700-1712. [PMID: 34931892 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-21-2209-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat blast (WB), caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype, recently emerged as a destructive disease that threatens global wheat production. Because few sources of genetic resistance have been identified in wheat, genetic transformation of wheat with rice blast resistance genes could expand resistance to WB. We evaluated the presence/absence of homologs of rice blast effector genes in Triticum isolates with the aim of identifying avirulence genes in field populations whose cognate rice resistance genes could potentially confer resistance to WB. We also assessed presence of the wheat pathogen AVR-Rmg8 gene and identified new alleles. A total of 102 isolates collected in Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay from 1986 to 2018 were evaluated by PCR using 21 pairs of gene-specific primers. Effector gene composition was highly variable, with homologs to AvrPiz-t, AVR-Pi9, AVR-Pi54, and ACE1 showing the highest amplification frequencies (>94%). We identified Triticum isolates with a functional AvrPiz-t homolog that triggers Piz-t-mediated resistance in the rice pathosystem and produced transgenic wheat plants expressing the rice Piz-t gene. Seedlings and heads of the transgenic lines were challenged with isolate T25 carrying functional AvrPiz-t. Although slight decreases in the percentage of diseased spikelets and leaf area infected were observed in two transgenic lines, our results indicated that Piz-t did not confer useful WB resistance. Monitoring of avirulence genes in populations is fundamental to identifying effective resistance genes for incorporation into wheat by conventional breeding or transgenesis. Based on avirulence gene distributions, rice resistance genes Pi9 and Pi54 might be candidates for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Navia-Urrutia
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Gloria Mosquera
- Rice Pathology, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Palmira, 763537, Colombia
| | - Rebekah Ellsworth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Mark Farman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Barbara Valent
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
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24
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Lin G, Chen H, Tian B, Sehgal SK, Singh L, Xie J, Rawat N, Juliana P, Singh N, Shrestha S, Wilson DL, Shult H, Lee H, Schoen AW, Tiwari VK, Singh RP, Guttieri MJ, Trick HN, Poland J, Bowden RL, Bai G, Gill B, Liu S. Cloning of the broadly effective wheat leaf rust resistance gene Lr42 transferred from Aegilops tauschii. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3044. [PMID: 35650212 PMCID: PMC9160033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The wheat wild relative Aegilops tauschii was previously used to transfer the Lr42 leaf rust resistance gene into bread wheat. Lr42 confers resistance at both seedling and adult stages, and it is broadly effective against all leaf rust races tested to date. Lr42 has been used extensively in the CIMMYT international wheat breeding program with resulting cultivars deployed in several countries. Here, using a bulked segregant RNA-Seq (BSR-Seq) mapping strategy, we identify three candidate genes for Lr42. Overexpression of a nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene AET1Gv20040300 induces strong resistance to leaf rust in wheat and a mutation of the gene disrupted the resistance. The Lr42 resistance allele is rare in Ae. tauschii and likely arose from ectopic recombination. Cloning of Lr42 provides diagnostic markers and over 1000 CIMMYT wheat lines carrying Lr42 have been developed documenting its widespread use and impact in crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Bin Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,Syngenta Crop Protection, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Sunish K Sehgal
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA
| | - Lovepreet Singh
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jingzhong Xie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Philomin Juliana
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 56237, Texcoco, Mexico.,Borlaug Institute for South Asia, Ludhiana, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,Bayer R&D Services LLC, Kansas City, MO, 64153, USA
| | - Sandesh Shrestha
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Duane L Wilson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Hannah Shult
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Hyeonju Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Adam William Schoen
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 56237, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Mary J Guttieri
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Jesse Poland
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert L Bowden
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Guihua Bai
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.,Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA
| | - Bikram Gill
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.
| | - Sanzhen Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506-5502, USA.
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25
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Tissue-specific enhancement of OsRNS1 with root-preferred expression is required for the increase of crop yield. J Adv Res 2022; 42:69-81. [PMID: 35609869 PMCID: PMC9788951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Root development is a fundamental process that supports plant survival and crop productivity. One of the essential factors to consider when developing biotechnology crops is the selection of a promoter that can optimize the spatial-temporal expression of introduced genes. However, there are insufficient cases of suitable promoters in crop plants, including rice. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify the usefulness of a new rice root-preferred promoter to optimize the function of a target gene with root-preferred expression in rice. METHODS osrns1 mutant had defects in root development based on T-DNA insertional mutant screening and CRISPR technology. To optimize the function of OsRNS1, we generated OsRNS1-overexpression plants under two different promoters: a whole-plant expression promoter and a novel root-preferred expression promoter. Root growth, yield-related agronomic traits, RNA-seq, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were analyzed for comparison. RESULTS OsRNS1 was found to be involved in root development through T-DNA insertional mutant analysis and gene editing mutant analysis. To understand the gain of function of OsRNS1, pUbi1::OsRNS1 was generated for the whole-plant expression, and both root growth defects and overall growth defects were found. To overcome this problem, a root-preferential overexpression line using Os1-CysPrxB promoter (Per) was generated and showed an increase in root length, plant height, and grain yield compared to wild-type (WT). RNA-seq analysis revealed that the response to oxidative stress-related genes was significantly up-regulated in both overexpression lines but was more obvious in pPer::OsRNS1. Furthermore, ROS levels in the roots were drastically decreased in pPer::OsRNS1 but were increased in the osrns1 mutants compared to WT. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the use of a root-preferred promoter effectively optimizes the function of OsRNS1 and is a useful strategy for improving root-related agronomic traits as well as ROS regulation.
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26
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Yoon S, Bragg J, Aucar-Yamato S, Chanbusarakum L, Dluge K, Cheng P, Blumwald E, Gu Y, Tobias CM. Haploidy and aneuploidy in switchgrass mediated by misexpression of CENH3. THE PLANT GENOME 2022:e20209. [PMID: 35470589 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cross bred species such as switchgrass may benefit from advantageous breeding strategies requiring inbred lines. Doubled haploid production methods offer several ways that these lines can be produced that often involve uniparental genome elimination as the rate limiting step. We have used a centromere-mediated genome elimination strategy in which modified CENH3 is expressed to induce the process. Transgenic tetraploid switchgrass lines coexpressed Cas9, a poly-cistronic tRNA-gRNA tandem array containing eight guide RNAs that target two CENH3 genes, and different chimeric versions of CENH3 with alterations to the N-terminal tail region. Genotyping of CENH3 genes in transgenics identified edits including frameshift mutations and deletions in one or both copies of the two CENH3 genes. Flow cytometry of T1 seedlings identified two T0 lines that produced five haploid individuals representing an induction rate of 0.5% and 1.4%. Eight different T0 lines produced aneuploids at rates ranging from 2.1 to 14.6%. A sample of aneuploid lines were sequenced at low coverage and aligned to the reference genome, revealing missing chromosomes and chromosome arms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoong Yoon
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, CA, USA
- Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Bragg
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Kurtis Dluge
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, CA, USA
| | - Prisca Cheng
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, CA, USA
| | | | - Yong Gu
- USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Laboratory, Albany, CA, USA
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27
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Zhang X, Jia H, Li T, Wu J, Nagarajan R, Lei L, Powers C, Kan CC, Hua W, Liu Z, Chen C, Carver BF, Yan L. TaCol-B5 modifies spike architecture and enhances grain yield in wheat. Science 2022; 376:180-183. [PMID: 35389775 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Spike architecture influences grain yield in wheat. We report the map-based cloning of a gene determining the number of spikelet nodes per spike in common wheat. The cloned gene is named TaCOL-B5 and encodes a CONSTANS-like protein that is orthologous to COL5 in plant species. Constitutive overexpression of the dominant TaCol-B5 allele but without the region encoding B-boxes in a common wheat cultivar increases the number of spikelet nodes per spike and produces more tillers and spikes, thereby enhancing grain yield in transgenic plants under field conditions. Allelic variation in TaCOL-B5 results in amino acid substitutions leading to differential protein phosphorylation by the protein kinase TaK4. The TaCol-B5 allele is present in emmer wheat but is rare in a global collection of modern wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,The Applied Plant Genomics Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.,Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ragupathi Nagarajan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Carol Powers
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Chia-Cheng Kan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Wei Hua
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Charles Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Brett F Carver
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Liuling Yan
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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28
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Downregulation of Squalene Synthase Broadly Impacts Isoprenoid Biosynthesis in Guayule. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040303. [PMID: 35448489 PMCID: PMC9030042 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of natural rubber by Parthenium argentaum (guayule) requires increased yield for economic sustainability. An RNAi gene silencing strategy was used to engineer isoprenoid biosynthesis by downregulation of squalene synthase (SQS), such that the pool of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) substrate might instead be available to initiate natural rubber synthesis. Downregulation of SQS resulted in significantly reduced squalene and slightly increased rubber, but not in the same tissues nor to the same extent, partially due to an apparent negative feedback regulatory mechanism that downregulated mevalonate pathway isoprenoid production, presumably associated with excess geranyl pyrophosphate levels. A detailed metabolomics analysis of isoprenoid production in guayule revealed significant differences in metabolism in different tissues, including in active mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways in stem tissue, where rubber and squalene accumulate. New insights and strategies for engineering isoprenoid production in guayule were identified.
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29
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Abbaraju HKR, Gupta R, Appenzeller LM, Fallis LP, Hazebroek J, Zhu G, Bourett TM, Howard RJ, Weers B, Lafitte RH, Hakimi SM, Schussler JR, Loussaert DF, Habben JE, Dhugga KS. A vegetative storage protein improves drought tolerance in maize. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:374-389. [PMID: 34614273 PMCID: PMC8753363 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) are known to serve as nitrogen reserves in many dicot plants but remain undiscovered in grasses, most widely grown group of crops globally. We identified and characterized a VSP in maize and demonstrated that its overexpression improved drought tolerance. Nitrogen supplementation selectively induced a mesophyll lipoxygenase (ZmLOX6), which was targeted to chloroplasts by a novel N-terminal transit peptide of 62 amino acids. When ectopically expressed under the control of various tissue-specific promoters, it accumulated to a fivefold higher level upon expression in the mesophyll cells than the wild-type plants. Constitutive expression or targeted expression specifically to the bundle sheath cells increased its accumulation by less than twofold. The overexpressed ZmLOX6 was remobilized from the leaves like other major proteins during grain development. Evaluated in the field over locations and years, transgenic hybrids overexpressing ZmLOX6 in the mesophyll cells significantly outyielded nontransgenic sibs under managed drought stress imposed at flowering. Additional storage of nitrogen as a VSP in maize leaves ameliorated the effect of drought on grain yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIAUSA
- USDA‐ARSFargoNDUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renee H. Lafitte
- Corteva AgriscienceWoodlandCAUSA
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kanwarpal S. Dhugga
- Corteva AgriscienceJohnstonIAUSA
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El BatanMexico
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30
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Jahan A, Yamazaki Y, Islam M, Ghosh TK, Yoshimura N, Kato H, Ishizaki K, Shinozawa A, Sakata Y, Takezawa D. Differential regulations of abscisic acid-induced desiccation tolerance and vegetative dormancy by group B3 Raf kinases in liverworts. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:952820. [PMID: 35968153 PMCID: PMC9370073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.952820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in stomata closure, osmostress acclimation, and vegetative and embryonic dormancy. Group B3 Raf protein kinases (B3-Rafs) serve as positive regulators of ABA and osmostress signaling in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the angiosperm Arabidopsis thaliana. While P. patens has a single B3-Raf called ARK, specific members of B3-Rafs among six paralogs regulate ABA and osmostress signaling in A. thaliana, indicating functional diversification of B3-Rafs in angiosperms. However, we found that the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, belonging to another class of bryophytes, has three paralogs of B3-Rafs, MpARK1, MpARK2, and MpARK3, with structural variations in the regulatory domains of the polypeptides. By reporter assays of the P. patens ark line and analysis of genome-editing lines of M. polymorpha, we found that these B3-Rafs are functionally redundant in ABA response, with respect to inhibition of growth, tolerance to desiccation and expression of stress-associated transcripts, the majority of which are under the control of the PYR/PYL/RCAR-like receptor MpPYL1. Interestingly, gemmae in gemma cups were germinating only in mutant lines associated with MpARK1, indicating that dormancy in the gametophyte is controlled by a specific B3-Raf paralog. These results indicated not only conservation of the role of B3-Rafs in ABA and osmostress response in liverworts but also functional diversification of B3-Rafs, which is likely to have occurred in the early stages of land plant evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akida Jahan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mousona Islam
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nami Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Akihisa Shinozawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daisuke Takezawa,
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31
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Zobrist JD, Martin-Ortigosa S, Lee K, Azanu MK, Ji Q, Wang K. Transformation of Teosinte ( Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) via Biolistic Bombardment of Seedling-Derived Callus Tissues. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:773419. [PMID: 34956270 PMCID: PMC8696365 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.773419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern maize exhibits a significantly different phenotype than its wild progenitor teosinte despite many genetic similarities. Of the many subspecies of Zea mays identified as teosinte, Zea mays ssp. parviglumis is the most closely related to domesticated maize. Understanding teosinte genes and their regulations can provide great insights into the maize domestication process and facilitate breeding for future crop improvement. However, a protocol of genetic transformation, which is essential for gene functional analyses, is not available in teosinte. In this study, we report the establishment of a robust callus induction and regeneration protocol using whorl segments of seedlings germinated from mature seeds of Zea parviglumis. We also report, for the first time, the production of fertile, transgenic teosinte plants using the particle bombardment. Using herbicide resistance genes such as mutant acetolactate synthase (Als) or bialaphos resistance (bar) as selectable markers, we achieved an average transformation frequency of 4.17% (percentage of independent transgenic events in total bombarded explants that produced callus). Expression of visual marker genes of red fluorescent protein tdTomato and β-glucuronidase (gus) could be detected in bombarded callus culture and in T1 and T2 progeny plants. The protocol established in this work provides a major enabling technology for research toward the understanding of this important plant in crop domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Zobrist
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Keunsub Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Mercy K. Azanu
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Plant Biology Major, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Q Ji
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Crop Bioengineering Center, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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32
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Singh AA, Pillay P, Tsekoa TL. Engineering Approaches in Plant Molecular Farming for Global Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111270. [PMID: 34835201 PMCID: PMC8623924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the demonstration of the first plant-produced proteins of medical interest, there has been significant growth and interest in the field of plant molecular farming, with plants now being considered a viable production platform for vaccines. Despite this interest and development by a few biopharmaceutical companies, plant molecular farming is yet to be embraced by ‘big pharma’. The plant system offers a faster alternative, which is a potentially more cost-effective and scalable platform for the mass production of highly complex protein vaccines, owing to the high degree of similarity between the plant and mammalian secretory pathway. Here, we identify and address bottlenecks in the use of plants for vaccine manufacturing and discuss engineering approaches that demonstrate both the utility and versatility of the plant production system as a viable biomanufacturing platform for global health. Strategies for improving the yields and quality of plant-produced vaccines, as well as the incorporation of authentic posttranslational modifications that are essential to the functionality of these highly complex protein vaccines, will also be discussed. Case-by-case examples are considered for improving the production of functional protein-based vaccines. The combination of all these strategies provides a basis for the use of cutting-edge genome editing technology to create a general plant chassis with reduced host cell proteins, which is optimised for high-level protein production of vaccines with the correct posttranslational modifications.
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33
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Lee D, Hua L, Khoshravesh R, Giuliani R, Kumar I, Cousins A, Sage TL, Hibberd JM, Brutnell TP. Engineering chloroplast development in rice through cell-specific control of endogenous genetic circuits. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2291-2303. [PMID: 34328250 PMCID: PMC8541780 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of C4 photosynthetic activity into the C3 plant rice has the potential to nearly double rice yields. To engineer a two-cell photosynthetic system in rice, the rice bundle sheath (BS) must be rewired to enhance photosynthetic capacity. Here, we show that BS chloroplast biogenesis is enhanced when the transcriptional activator, Oryza sativa Cytokinin GATA transcription factor 1 (OsCGA1), is driven by a vascular specific promoter. Ectopic expression of OsCGA1 resulted in increased BS chloroplast planar area and increased expression of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes (PhANG), required for the biogenesis of photosynthetically active chloroplasts in BS cells of rice. A further refinement using a DNAse dead Cas9 (dCas9) activation module driven by the same cell-type specific promoter, directed enhanced chloroplast development of the BS cells when gRNA sequences were delivered by the dCas9 module to the promoter of the endogenous OsCGA1 gene. Single gRNA expression was sufficient to mediate the transactivation of both the endogenous gene and a transgenic GUS reporter fused with OsCGA1 promoter. Our results illustrate the potential for tissue-specific dCas9-activation and the co-regulation of genes needed for multistep engineering of C4 rice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Roxana Khoshravesh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biologythe University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Department of Biologythe University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Rita Giuliani
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | | | - Asaph Cousins
- School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUSA
| | - Tammy L. Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biologythe University of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Thomas P. Brutnell
- Donald Danforth Plant Science CenterSt. LouisMOUSA
- Biotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Joint Laboratory for Photosynthesis Enhancement and C4 Rice DevelopmentBiotechnology Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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34
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Zhang Q, Pritchard J, Mieog J, Byrne K, Colgrave ML, Wang J, Ral JF. Overexpression of a wheat α-amylase type 2 impact on starch metabolism and abscisic acid sensitivity during grain germination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:378-393. [PMID: 34312931 PMCID: PMC9290991 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being of vital importance for seed establishment and grain quality, starch degradation remains poorly understood in organs such as cereal or legume seeds. In cereals, starch degradation requires the synergetic action of different isoforms of α-amylases. Ubiquitous overexpression of TaAmy2 resulted in a 2.0-437.6-fold increase of total α-amylase activity in developing leaf and harvested grains. These increases led to dramatic alterations of starch visco-properties and augmentation of soluble carbohydrate levels (mainly sucrose and α-gluco-oligosaccharide) in grain. Interestingly, the overexpression of TaAMY2 led to an absence of dormancy in ripened grain due to abscisic acid (ABA) insensitivity. Using an allosteric α-amylase inhibitor (acarbose), we demonstrated that ABA insensitivity was due to the increased soluble carbohydrate generated by the α-amylase excess. Independent from the TaAMY2 overexpression, inhibition of α-amylase during germination led to the accumulation of soluble α-gluco-oligosaccharides without affecting the first stage of germination. These findings support the hypotheses that (i) endosperm sugar may overcome ABA signalling and promote sprouting, and (ii) α-amylase may not be required for the initial stage of grain germination, an observation that questions the function of the amylolytic enzyme in the starch degradation process during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhang
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jenifer Pritchard
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Jos Mieog
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- Present address:
Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreACTAustralia
| | - Keren Byrne
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. LuciaQLD4067Australia
| | - Michelle L. Colgrave
- Agriculture and foodCSIRO Agriculture and FoodCanberraACT2601Australia
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodSt. LuciaQLD4067Australia
| | - Ji‐Rui Wang
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduSichuan611130China
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35
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Smith RA, Cass CL, Petrik DL, Padmakshan D, Ralph J, Sedbrook JC, Karlen SD. Stacking AsFMT overexpression with BdPMT loss of function enhances monolignol ferulate production in Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1878-1886. [PMID: 33949064 PMCID: PMC8428837 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To what degree can the lignin subunits in a monocot be derived from monolignol ferulate (ML-FA) conjugates? This simple question comes with a complex set of variables. Three potential requirements for optimizing ML-FA production are as follows: (1) The presence of an active FERULOYL-CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (FMT) enzyme throughout monolignol production; (2) Suppression or elimination of enzymatic pathways competing for monolignols and intermediates during lignin biosynthesis; and (3) Exclusion of alternative phenolic compounds that participate in lignification. A 16-fold increase in lignin-bound ML-FA incorporation was observed by introducing an AsFMT gene into Brachypodium distachyon. On its own, knocking out the native p-COUMAROYL-CoA MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE (BdPMT) pathway that competes for monolignols and the p-coumaroyl-CoA intermediate did not change ML-FA incorporation, nor did partial loss of CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE1 (CCR1) function, which reduced metabolic flux to monolignols. However, stacking AsFMT into the Bdpmt-1 mutant resulted in a 32-fold increase in ML-FA incorporation into lignin over the wild-type level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Smith
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the Department of BiochemistryWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Cynthia L. Cass
- School of Biological SciencesIllinois State UniversityNormalILUSA
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Deborah L. Petrik
- School of Biological SciencesIllinois State UniversityNormalILUSA
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiologyNortheastern State UniversityTahlequahOKUSA
| | - Dharshana Padmakshan
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the Department of BiochemistryWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - John Ralph
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the Department of BiochemistryWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- School of Biological SciencesIllinois State UniversityNormalILUSA
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | - Steven D. Karlen
- U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center and the Department of BiochemistryWisconsin Energy InstituteUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
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36
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Wang Y, Wang T, Liu L. The rice VCS1 is identified as a molecular tool to mark and visualize the vegetative cell of pollen. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1924502. [PMID: 33982648 PMCID: PMC8244767 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1924502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell-type-specific markers are valuable tools to reveal developmental processes underlying cell differentiation during plant reproduction. Here we report the pollen vegetative cell marker gene VCS1 (Vegetative Cell Specific 1) of rice (Oryza sativa japonica). VCS1 was expressed specifically in late pollen and was predicted to encode a small FAF domain-containing protein of 205 amino acid residues (aa). The expression of reporter fusion proteins showed that VCS1 was exclusively targeted to the vegetative nucleus of pollen. Upon pollen germination, VCS1 lost vegetative nucleus localization, and appeared diffused in the vegetative cytoplasm of pollen grain but not in the pollen tube. T-DNA insertional mutation which disrupted the carboxyl-terminal 21 aa of VCS1 did not affect plant vegetative growth and pollen development, while destruction of VCS1 by CRISPR/Cas9 only moderately affect pollen viability. VCS1 is evolutionally conserved in monocots but appeared absent in dicotyledons. This study reveals a molecular tool for visualizing the vegetative cell of rice and possible other monocots, which has potential values in the genetic engineering of male-sterile lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lingtong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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WUSCHEL Overexpression Promotes Callogenesis and Somatic Embryogenesis in Medicago truncatula Gaertn. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040715. [PMID: 33917135 PMCID: PMC8067838 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The induction of plant somatic embryogenesis is often a limiting step for plant multiplication and genetic manipulation in numerous crops. It depends on multiple signaling developmental processes involving phytohormones and the induction of specific genes. The WUSCHEL gene (WUS) is required for the production of plant embryogenic stem cells. To explore a different approach to induce somatic embryogenesis, we have investigated the effect of the heterologous ArabidopsisWUS gene overexpression under the control of the jasmonate responsive vsp1 promoter on the morphogenic responses of Medicago truncatula explants. WUS expression in leaf explants increased callogenesis and embryogenesis in the absence of growth regulators. Similarly, WUS expression enhanced the embryogenic potential of hairy root fragments. The WUS gene represents thus a promising tool to develop plant growth regulator-free regeneration systems or to improve regeneration and transformation efficiency in recalcitrant crops.
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38
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McLaughlin JE, Darwish NI, Garcia-Sanchez J, Tyagi N, Trick HN, McCormick S, Dill-Macky R, Tumer NE. A Lipid Transfer Protein has Antifungal and Antioxidant Activity and Suppresses Fusarium Head Blight Disease and DON Accumulation in Transgenic Wheat. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:671-683. [PMID: 32896217 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-20-0153-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) are virulence factors of Fusarium graminearum, which causes Fusarium head blight, one of the most important diseases of small grain cereals. We previously identified a nonspecific lipid transfer protein (nsLTP) gene, AtLTP4.4, which was overexpressed in an activation-tagged Arabidopsis line resistant to trichothecin, a type B trichothecene in the same class as DON. Here we show that overexpression of AtLTP4.4 in transgenic wheat significantly reduced F. graminearum growth in 'Bobwhite' and 'RB07' lines in the greenhouse and reduced fungal lesion size in detached leaf assays. Hydrogen peroxide accumulation was attenuated on exposure of transgenic wheat plants to DON, indicating that AtLTP4.4 may confer resistance by inhibiting oxidative stress. Field testing indicated that disease severity was significantly reduced in two transgenic 'Bobwhite' lines expressing AtLTP4.4. DON accumulation was significantly reduced in four different transgenic 'Bobwhite' lines expressing AtLTP4.4 or a wheat nsLTP, TaLTP3, which was previously shown to have antioxidant activity. Recombinant AtLTP4.4 purified from Pichia pastoris exhibited potent antifungal activity against F. graminearum. These results demonstrate that overexpression of AtLTP4.4 in transgenic wheat suppresses DON accumulation in the field. Suppression of DON-induced reactive oxygen species by AtLTP4.4 might be the mechanism by which fungal spread and mycotoxin accumulation are inhibited in transgenic wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E McLaughlin
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Noura I Darwish
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Jeffrey Garcia-Sanchez
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
| | - Neerja Tyagi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Harold N Trick
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Unit, USDA-ARS-NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604
| | - Ruth Dill-Macky
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Nilgun E Tumer
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
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39
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Sánchez-Martín J, Widrig V, Herren G, Wicker T, Zbinden H, Gronnier J, Spörri L, Praz CR, Heuberger M, Kolodziej MC, Isaksson J, Steuernagel B, Karafiátová M, Doležel J, Zipfel C, Keller B. Wheat Pm4 resistance to powdery mildew is controlled by alternative splice variants encoding chimeric proteins. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:327-341. [PMID: 33707738 PMCID: PMC7610370 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop breeding for resistance to pathogens largely relies on genes encoding receptors that confer race-specific immunity. Here, we report the identification of the wheat Pm4 race-specific resistance gene to powdery mildew. Pm4 encodes a putative chimeric protein of a serine/threonine kinase and multiple C2 domains and transmembrane regions, a unique domain architecture among known resistance proteins. Pm4 undergoes constitutive alternative splicing, generating two isoforms with different protein domain topologies that are both essential for resistance function. Both isoforms interact and localize to the endoplasmatic reticulum when co-expressed. Pm4 reveals additional diversity of immune receptor architecture to be explored for breeding and suggests an endoplasmatic reticulum-based molecular mechanism of Pm4-mediated race-specific resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Victoria Widrig
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Herren
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helen Zbinden
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julien Gronnier
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurin Spörri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Coraline R Praz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et BioProtection des Plantes, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Matthias Heuberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus C Kolodziej
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonatan Isaksson
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Miroslava Karafiátová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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40
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Wytynck P, Lambin J, Chen S, Demirel Asci S, Verbeke I, De Zaeytijd J, Subramanyam K, Van Damme EJ. Effect of RIP Overexpression on Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Development of Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1434. [PMID: 33535383 PMCID: PMC7867109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of cytotoxic enzymes that can inhibit protein translation by depurinating rRNA. Most plant RIPs are synthesized with a leader sequence that sequesters the proteins to a cell compartment away from the host ribosomes. However, several rice RIPs lack these signal peptides suggesting they reside in the cytosol in close proximity to the plant ribosomes. This paper aims to elucidate the physiological function of two nucleocytoplasmic RIPs from rice, in particular, the type 1 RIP referred to as OsRIP1 and a presumed type 3 RIP called nuRIP. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing these RIPs were constructed and studied for developmental effects resulting from this overexpression under greenhouse conditions. In addition, the performance of transgenic seedlings in response to drought, salt, abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate treatment was investigated. Results suggest that both RIPs can affect methyl jasmonate mediated stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Wytynck
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeroen Lambin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Simin Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Sinem Demirel Asci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Isabel Verbeke
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Jeroen De Zaeytijd
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Kondeti Subramanyam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
| | - Els J.M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Glycobiology, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (J.L.); (S.C.); (S.D.A.); (I.V.); (J.D.Z.); (K.S.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hao Z, Yogiswara S, Wei T, Benites VT, Sinha A, Wang G, Baidoo EEK, Ronald PC, Scheller HV, Loqué D, Eudes A. Expression of a bacterial 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (QsuB) reduces lignin and improves biomass saccharification efficiency in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:56. [PMID: 33478381 PMCID: PMC7819203 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lignin deposited in plant cell walls negatively affects biomass conversion into advanced bioproducts. There is therefore a strong interest in developing bioenergy crops with reduced lignin content or altered lignin structures. Another desired trait for bioenergy crops is the ability to accumulate novel bioproducts, which would enhance the development of economically sustainable biorefineries. As previously demonstrated in the model plant Arabidopsis, expression of a 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase in plants offers the potential for decreasing lignin content and overproducing a value-added metabolic coproduct (i.e., protocatechuate) suitable for biological upgrading. RESULTS The 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase QsuB from Corynebacterium glutamicum was expressed in the bioenergy crop switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) using the stem-specific promoter of an O-methyltransferase gene (pShOMT) from sugarcane. The activity of pShOMT was validated in switchgrass after observation in-situ of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in stem nodes of plants carrying a pShOMT::GUS fusion construct. Under controlled growth conditions, engineered switchgrass lines containing a pShOMT::QsuB construct showed reductions of lignin content, improvements of biomass saccharification efficiency, and accumulated higher amount of protocatechuate compared to control plants. Attempts to generate transgenic switchgrass lines carrying the QsuB gene under the control of the constitutive promoter pZmUbi-1 were unsuccessful, suggesting possible toxicity issues associated with ectopic QsuB expression during the plant regeneration process. CONCLUSION This study validates the transfer of the QsuB engineering approach from a model plant to switchgrass. We have demonstrated altered expression of two important traits: lignin content and accumulation of a co-product. We found that the choice of promoter to drive QsuB expression should be carefully considered when deploying this strategy to other bioenergy crops. Field-testing of engineered QsuB switchgrass are in progress to assess the performance of the introduced traits and agronomic performances of the transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangying Hao
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Sasha Yogiswara
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Tong Wei
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Present address: State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Veronica Teixeira Benites
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Anagh Sinha
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - George Wang
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Dominique Loqué
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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Takaiwa F, Wakasa Y, Ozawa K, Sekikawa K. Improvement of production yield and extraction efficacy of recombinant protein by high endosperm-specific expression along with simultaneous suppression of major seed storage proteins. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110692. [PMID: 33288006 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Human transforming growth factor-β1 (hTGF-β1) was produced in transgenic rice seeds. To boost its production yield and to extract it simply, it was expressed under the control of seed-specific promoters along with the simultaneous suppression of endogenous seed storage proteins (SSPs) through RNA interference (RNAi). When driven by the 26 kDa α-globulin endosperm-specific promoter, it accumulated up to the markedly high level of 452 μg/grain. However, exchange with other seed-specific promoters such as 18 kDa oleosin and AGPase promoters resulted in remarkable reduction to the levels of 62 and 48 μg/grain, respectively, even though endogenous SSPs were reduced to the similar level. These production levels were almost similar to those (42 and 108 μg/grain) produced by the glutelin GluB-1 endosperm-specific promoter and the maize ubiquitin constitutive promoter without reduction of SSPs, respectively. When extracted from these transgenic rice seeds with reduced SSPs with various buffers, it could be solubilized with denaturant solution, which was in remarkable contrast with those without depressed SSPs which required further supplementation of reducing agent for extraction. This difference was associated with the fact that it was mainly deposited to ER-derived structures though self-aggregation or interaction with remaining prolamin via intermolecular disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- PrevenTec inc. Ami-chuo 3-21-1, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan; Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Ozawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Kannondai 3-1-3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan
| | - Kenji Sekikawa
- PrevenTec inc. Ami-chuo 3-21-1, Inashiki, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
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RING-Type E3 Ubiqitin Ligase Barley Genes ( HvYrg1-2) Control Characteristics of Both Vegetative Organs and Seeds as Yield Components. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121693. [PMID: 33276523 PMCID: PMC7761584 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, studies on RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in cereals were preferentially focused on GW2 genes primarily controlling seed parameters in rice and wheat. Here we report cloning two HvYrg genes from barley that share significant homology with rice GW2 gene. In antisense genotypes efficiency of gene silencing varied between genes and transgenic lines: ASHvYrg1: 30–50% and ASHvYrg2: 20–27%. Reduced activity of both genes altered shoot system with increasing number of side shoots. Changes in leaf width, weight, or plant weight and height reached significant levels in some transgenic lines. Lowering expression of the two barley HvYrg genes caused opposite responses in spike development. Plants with ASHvYrg1 gene construct showed earlier heading time and prolonged grain-filling period, while plants from ASHvYrg2 genotype flowered in delay. Digital imaging of root development revealed that down-regulation of HvYrg1 gene variant stimulated root growth, while ASHvYrg2 plants developed reduced root system. Comparison of seed parameters indicated an increase in thousand grain weight accompanied with longer and wider seed morphology. In summary we conclude that in contrast to inhibition of GW2 genes in rice and wheat plants, down-regulation of the barely HvYrg genes caused substantial changes in vegetative organs in addition to alteration of seed parameters.
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Qu H, Jackson MA, Yap K, Harvey PJ, Gilding EK, Craik DJ. Production of a structurally validated cyclotide in rice suspension cells is enabled by a supporting biosynthetic enzyme. PLANTA 2020; 252:97. [PMID: 33155076 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the production of a structurally correct cyclotide in rice suspension cells with co-expression of a ligase-type AEP, which unlocks monocotyledons as production platforms to produce cyclotides. Cyclotides are a class of backbone-cyclic plant peptides that harbor a cystine knot composed of three disulfide bonds. These structural features make cyclotides particularly stable, and thus they have attracted significant attention for their use in biotechnological applications such as drug design. Currently, chemical synthesis is the predominant strategy to produce cyclotides for research purposes. However, synthetic production becomes costly both economically and environmentally at large scale. Plants offer an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis because of their lower cost and environmental footprint. In this study, rice suspension cells were engineered to produce the prototypical cyclotide, kalata B1 (kB1), a cyclotide with insecticidal properties from the African plant Oldenlandia affinis. Engineered rice cells produced structurally validated kB1 at yields of 64.21 µg/g (DW), which was dependent on the co-expression of a peptide ligase-competent asparaginyl endopeptidase OaAEP1b from O. affinis. Without co-expression, kB1 was predominantly produced as linear peptide. Through HPLC-MS co-elution, reduction, alkylation, enzymatic digestion, and proton NMR analysis, kB1 produced in rice was shown to be structurally identical to native kB1. This study reports the first example of an engineered plant suspension cell culture with the required molecular machinery for efficient production and cyclisation of a heterologous cyclotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Qu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kuok Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Edward K Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Lindner S, Keller B, Singh SP, Hasenkamp Z, Jung E, Müller MC, Bourras S, Keller B. Single residues in the LRR domain of the wheat PM3A immune receptor can control the strength and the spectrum of the immune response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:200-214. [PMID: 32645755 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of improved plant nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) immune receptors (NLRs) has mostly been based on random mutagenesis or on structural information available for specific receptors complexed with the recognized pathogen effector. Here, we use a targeted mutagenesis approach based on the natural diversity of the Pm3 powdery mildew resistance alleles present in different wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes. In order to understand the functional importance of the amino acid polymorphisms between the active immune receptor PM3A and the inactive ancestral variant PM3CS, we exchanged polymorphic regions and residues in the LRR domain of PM3A with the corresponding segments of PM3CS. These novel variants were functionally tested for recognition of the corresponding AVRPM3A2/F2 avirulence protein in Nicotiana benthamiana. We identified polymorphic residues in four regions of PM3A that enhance the immune response, but also residues that reduce it or result in complete loss of function. We found that the identified critical residues in PM3A modify its activation threshold towards different protein variants of AVRPM3A2/F2 . PM3A variants with a lowered threshold gave a stronger overall response and gained an extended recognition spectrum. One of these variant proteins with a single amino acid change was stably transformed into wheat, where it conferred race-specific resistance to mildew. This is a proof of concept that improved PM3A variants with an enlarged recognition spectrum can be engineered based on natural diversity by exchanging single or multiple residues that modulate resistance function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Lindner
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simrat P Singh
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Hasenkamp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Jung
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marion C Müller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Salim Bourras
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Beat Keller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Padilla CS, Damaj MB, Yang ZN, Molina J, Berquist BR, White EL, Solís-Gracia N, Da Silva J, Mandadi KK. High-Level Production of Recombinant Snowdrop Lectin in Sugarcane and Energy Cane. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:977. [PMID: 33015000 PMCID: PMC7461980 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane and energy cane (Saccharum spp. hybrids) are ideal for plant-based production of recombinant proteins because their high resource-use efficiency, rapid growth and efficient photosynthesis enable extensive biomass production and protein accumulation at a cost-effective scale. Here, we aimed to develop these species as efficient platforms to produce recombinant Galanthus nivalis L. (snowdrop) agglutinin (GNA), a monocot-bulb mannose-specific lectin with potent antiviral, antifungal and antitumor activities. Initially, GNA levels of 0.04% and 0.3% total soluble protein (TSP) (0.3 and 3.8 mg kg–1 tissue) were recovered from the culms and leaves, respectively, of sugarcane lines expressing recombinant GNA under the control of the constitutive maize ubiquitin 1 (Ubi) promoter. Co-expression of recombinant GNA from stacked multiple promoters (pUbi and culm-regulated promoters from sugarcane dirigent5-1 and Sugarcane bacilliform virus) on separate expression vectors increased GNA yields up to 42.3-fold (1.8% TSP or 12.7 mg kg–1 tissue) and 7.7-fold (2.3% TSP or 29.3 mg kg–1 tissue) in sugarcane and energy cane lines, respectively. Moreover, inducing promoter activity in the leaves of GNA transgenic lines with stress-regulated hormones increased GNA accumulation to 2.7% TSP (37.2 mg kg–1 tissue). Purification by mannose-agarose affinity chromatography yielded a functional sugarcane recombinant GNA with binding substrate specificity similar to that of native snowdrop-bulb GNA, as shown by enzyme-linked lectin and mannose-binding inhibition assays. The size and molecular weight of recombinant GNA were identical to those of native GNA, as determined by size-exclusion chromatography and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. This work demonstrates the feasibility of producing recombinant GNA at high levels in Saccharum species, with the long-term goal of using it as a broad-spectrum antiviral carrier molecule for hemopurifiers and in related therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen S Padilla
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Mona B Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Institute for Plant Gene Function, Department of Biology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joe Molina
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | | | - Earl L White
- MDx BioAnalytical Laboratory, Inc., College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nora Solís-Gracia
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States
| | - Jorge Da Silva
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States.,Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Damaj MB, Jifon JL, Woodard SL, Vargas-Bautista C, Barros GOF, Molina J, White SG, Damaj BB, Nikolov ZL, Mandadi KK. Unprecedented enhancement of recombinant protein production in sugarcane culms using a combinatorial promoter stacking system. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13713. [PMID: 32792533 PMCID: PMC7426418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants represent a safe and cost-effective platform for producing high-value proteins with pharmaceutical properties; however, the ability to accumulate these in commercially viable quantities is challenging. Ideal crops to serve as biofactories would include low-input, fast-growing, high-biomass species such as sugarcane. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient expression system to enable large-scale production of high-value recombinant proteins in sugarcane culms. Bovine lysozyme (BvLz) is a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial enzyme used in the food, cosmetics and agricultural industries. Here, we report a novel strategy to achieve high-level expression of recombinant proteins using a combinatorial stacked promoter system. We demonstrate this by co-expressing BvLz under the control of multiple constitutive and culm-regulated promoters on separate expression vectors and combinatorial plant transformation. BvLz accumulation reached 1.4% of total soluble protein (TSP) (10.0 mg BvLz/kg culm mass) in stacked multiple promoter:BvLz lines, compared to 0.07% of TSP (0.56 mg/kg) in single promoter:BvLz lines. BvLz accumulation was further boosted to 11.5% of TSP (82.5 mg/kg) through event stacking by re-transforming the stacked promoter:BvLz lines with additional BvLz expression vectors. The protein accumulation achieved with the combinatorial promoter stacking expression system was stable in multiple vegetative propagations, demonstrating the feasibility of using sugarcane as a biofactory for producing high-value proteins and bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona B Damaj
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
| | - John L Jifon
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2133, USA
| | - Susan L Woodard
- National Center for Therapeutics Manufacturing, Texas A&M University, 100 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX, 77843-4482, USA
| | - Carol Vargas-Bautista
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
- College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, 8447 Riverside Parkway, Bryan, TX, 77807, USA
| | - Georgia O F Barros
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Joe Molina
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA
| | - Steven G White
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Bassam B Damaj
- Innovus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 8845 Rehco Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Zivko L Nikolov
- BioSeparation Laboratory, Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department, College Station, TX, 77843-2117, USA
| | - Kranthi K Mandadi
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 2415 East US Highway 83, Weslaco, TX, 78596, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2132, USA.
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Chhillar H, Chopra P, Ashfaq MA. Lignans from linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and its allied species: Retrospect, introspect and prospect. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2719-2741. [PMID: 32619358 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1784840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are complex diphenolic compounds representing phytoestrogens and occur widely across the plant kingdom. Formed by the coupling of two coniferyl alcohol residues, lignans constitute major plant "specialized metabolites" with exceptional biological attributes that aid in plant defence and provide health benefits in humans by reducing the risk of ailments such as cancer, diabetes etc. Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is one of the richest sources of lignans followed by cereals and legumes. Among the various types of lignans, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) is considered as the essential and nutrient rich lignan in linseed. Lignans exhibit established antimitotic, antiviral and anti-tumor properties that contribute to their medicinal value. The present review seeks to provide a holistic view of research in the past and present times revolving around lignans from linseed and its allied species. This review attempts to elucidate sources, structures and functional properties of lignans, along with detailed biosynthetic mechanisms operating in plants. It summarizes various methods for the determination of lignan content in plants. Biotechnological interventions (in planta and in vitro) aimed at enriching lignan content and adoption of integrative approaches that might further enhance lignan content and medicinal and nutraceutical value of Linum spp. have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chhillar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Chopra
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Ashraf Ashfaq
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Abe F, Nakamura S, Mori M, Ashikawa I. Low-temperature pretreatment of explants and high maltose concentration during callus culture improves particle-bombardment-mediated stable transgene expression in common wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2020; 37:177-184. [PMID: 32821225 PMCID: PMC7434674 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biolistic transformation systems are widely used to introduce foreign genes into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.); however, these techniques often generate high transgene copy numbers and complex transgene integration patterns that hinder the stable expression of the transgenes. To improve the efficiency of stable transgene expression, we examined the effect of low-temperature pretreatment of wheat flower spikes and of high maltose concentration (HMC) in the medium during the subsequent callus culture. Tillers of the spring wheat cultivar Bobwhite were stored at 5°C without water for one week before the isolation of their immature scutellar tissues, and the resulting particle-bombarded explants were cultured on 15% maltose for a month. Together, these treatments significantly increased the number of recovered transgenic lines expressing the reporter gene. The low-temperature pretreatment eliminated the negative effects of HMC, and HMC improved the efficiency of stable transgene expression. Southern blot analysis revealed that transgenic lines recovered after HMC treatment integrated a lower copy number of transgenes than those cultured at normal (4%) maltose concentration. These findings suggest that the HMC-mediated reduction of the transgene copy number results from the suppression of plasmid DNA rearrangement before or during transgene integration into the wheat genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumitaka Abe
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamura
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mori
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Ikuo Ashikawa
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai,Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
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Grimberg Å, Wilkinson M, Snell P, De Vos RP, González-Thuillier I, Tawfike A, Ward JL, Carlsson AS, Shewry P, Hofvander P. Transitions in wheat endosperm metabolism upon transcriptional induction of oil accumulation by oat endosperm WRINKLED1. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:235. [PMID: 32450804 PMCID: PMC7249431 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cereal grains, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are major sources of food and feed, with wheat being dominant in temperate zones. These end uses exploit the storage reserves in the starchy endosperm of the grain, with starch being the major storage component in most cereal species. However, oats (Avena sativa L.) differs in that the starchy endosperm stores significant amounts of oil. Understanding the control of carbon allocation between groups of storage compounds, such as starch and oil, is therefore important for understanding the composition and hence end use quality of cereals. WRINKLED1 is a transcription factor known to induce triacylglycerol (TAG; oil) accumulation in several plant storage tissues. RESULTS An oat endosperm homolog of WRI1 (AsWRI1) expressed from the endosperm-specific HMW1Dx5 promoter resulted in drastic changes in carbon allocation in wheat grains, with reduced seed weight and a wrinkled seed phenotype. The starch content of mature grain endosperms of AsWRI1-wheat was reduced compared to controls (from 62 to 22% by dry weight (dw)), TAG was increased by up to nine-fold (from 0.7 to 6.4% oil by dw) and sucrose from 1.5 to 10% by dw. Expression of AsWRI1 in wheat grains also resulted in multiple layers of elongated peripheral aleurone cells. RNA-sequencing, lipid analyses, and pulse-chase experiments using 14C-sucrose indicated that futile cycling of fatty acids could be a limitation for oil accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that expression of oat endosperm WRI1 in the wheat endosperm results in changes in metabolism which could underpin the application of biotechnology to manipulate grain composition. In particular, the striking effect on starch synthesis in the wheat endosperm indicates that an important indirect role of WRI1 is to divert carbon allocation away from starch biosynthesis in plant storage tissues that accumulate oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Grimberg
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden.
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Snell
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
- Current address: MariboHilleshög Research AB, Box 302, 261 23, Landskrona, Sweden
| | - Rebecca P De Vos
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Tawfike
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Jane L Ward
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Peter Shewry
- Department of Plant Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
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