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Tao J, Zeng Z, He C, Meng L, Zhou W, Ren Y, Ma X, Wang Z, Liu J, Li D, Zhang Q, Zhao C, Yang Z, Zhu H. Construction and Preclinical Evaluation of 124I/ 125I-Labeled Antibody Targeting T Cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain-3. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:944-956. [PMID: 38270082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM3; HAVCR2) is a transmembrane protein that exerts negative regulatory control over T cell responses. Studies have demonstrated an upregulation of TIM3 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer patients. In this investigation, a series of monoclonal antibodies targeting TIM3 were produced by hybridoma technology. Among them, C23 exhibited favorable biological properties. To enable specific binding, we developed a 124I/125I-C23 radio-tracer via N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-mediated labeling of the monoclonal antibody C23. Binding affinity and specificity were assessed using the 293T-TIM3 cell line, which overexpresses TIM3, and the parent 293T cells. Furthermore, biodistribution and in vivo imaging of 124I/125I-C23 were examined in HEK293TIM3 xenograft models and allograft models of 4T1 (mouse breast cancer cells) and CT26 (mouse colon cancer cells). Micro-PET/CT imaging was conducted at intervals of 4, 24, 48, 72, and/or 96 h post intravenous administration of 3.7-7.4 MBq 124I-C23 in the respective model mice. Additionally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining of TIM3 expression in dissected tumor organs was performed, along with an assessment of the corresponding expression of Programmed Death 1 (PD1), CD3, and CD8 in the tumors. The C23 monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically binds to TIM3 protein with a dissociation constant of 23.28 nM. The 124I-C23 and 125I-C23 radio-tracer were successfully prepared with a labeling yield of 83.59 ± 0.35% and 92.35 ± 0.20%, respectively, and over 95.00% radiochemical purity. Stability results indicated that the radiochemical purity of 124I/125I-C23 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 5% human serum albumin (HSA) was still >80% after 96 h. 125I-C23 uptake in 293T-TIM3 cells was 2.80 ± 0.12%, which was significantly higher than that in 293T cells (1.08 ± 0.08%), and 125I-C23 uptake by 293T-TIM3 cells was significantly blocked at 60 and 120 min in the blocking groups. Pharmacokinetics analysis in vivo revealed an elimination time of 14.62 h and a distribution time of 0.4672 h for 125I-C23. Micro-PET/CT imaging showed that the 124I-C23 probe uptake in the 293T-TIM3 model significantly differed from that of the negative control group and blocking group. In the humanized mouse model, the 124I-C23 probe had obvious specific uptake in the 4T1 and CT26 models and maximum uptake at 24 h in tumor tissues (SUVmax (the maximum standardized uptake value) in 4T1 and CT26 humanized TIM3 murine tumor models: 0.59 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.02, respectively). Immunohistochemistry of tumor tissues from these mouse models showed comparable TIM3 expression. CD3 and CD8 cells and PD-1 expression were also observed in TIM3-expressing tumor tissues. The TIM3-targeting antibody C23 showed good affinity and specificity. The 124I/125I-C23 probe has obvious targeting specificity for TIM3 in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that 124I/125I-C23 is a promising tracer for TIM3 imaging and may have great potential in monitoring immune checkpoint drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Tao
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ziqing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chengxue He
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Ya'nan Ren
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zilei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Chuanke Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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2
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Cicone F, Santo G, Bodet-Milin C, Cascini GL, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Stokke C, Kolstad A. Radioimmunotherapy of Non-Hodgkin B-cell Lymphoma: An update. Semin Nucl Med 2023; 53:413-425. [PMID: 36635112 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is arguably the most effective and least toxic anticancer treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In treatment-naïve patients with indolent NHL, the efficacy of a single injection of RIT compares with that of multiple cycles of combination chemotherapy. However, 20 years following the approval of the first CD20-targeting radioimmunoconjugates 90Y-Ibritumomab-tiuxetan (Zevalin) and 131I-tositumomab (Bexxar), the number of patients referred for RIT in western countries has dramatically decreased. Notwithstanding this, the development of RIT has continued. Therapeutic targets other than CD20 have been identified, new vector molecules have been produced allowing for faster delivery of RIT to the target, and innovative radionuclides with favorable physical characteristics such as alpha emitters have been more widely available. In this article, we reviewed the current status of RIT in NHL, with particular focus on recent clinical and preclinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giulia Santo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caroline Bodet-Milin
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Nuclear Medicine Unit, University Hospital "Mater Domini", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Nantes Université, Univ Angers, CHU Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Stokke
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Kolstad
- Department of Oncology, Innlandet Hospital Trust Division Gjøvik, Lillehammer, Norway
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Schlein E, Syvänen S, Rokka J, Gustavsson T, Rossin R, Robillard M, Eriksson J, Sehlin D. Functionalization of Radiolabeled Antibodies to Enhance Peripheral Clearance for High Contrast Brain Imaging. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4111-4122. [PMID: 36201682 PMCID: PMC9644377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Small molecule imaging
agents such as [11C]PiB, which
bind to the core of insoluble amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils,
are useful tools in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research, diagnostics,
and drug development. However, the [11C]PiB PET signal
saturates early in the disease progression and does not detect soluble
or diffuse Aβ pathology which are believed to play important
roles in the disease progression. Antibodies, modified into a bispecific
format to enter the brain via receptor-mediated transcytosis, could
be a suitable alternative because of their diversity and high specificity
for their target. However, the circulation time of these antibodies
is long, resulting in an extended exposure to radiation and low imaging
contrast. Here, we explore two alternative strategies to enhance imaging
contrast by increasing clearance of the antibody ligand from blood.
The bispecific Aβ targeting antibody RmAb158-scFv8D3 and the
monospecific RmAb158 were radiolabeled and functionalized with either
α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate (mannose) or
with trans-cyclooctene (TCO). While mannose can directly
mediate antibody clearance via the liver, TCO-modified antibody clearance
was induced by injection of a tetrazine-functionalized, liver-targeting
clearing agent (CA). In vivo experiments in wild type and AD transgenic
mice demonstrated the ability of both strategies to drastically shorten
the circulation time of RmAb158, while they had limited effect on
the bispecific variant RmAb158-8D3. Furthermore, single photon emission
computed tomography imaging with TCO-[125I]I-RmAb158 in
AD mice showed higher contrast 1 day after injection of the tetrazine-functionalized
CA. In conclusion, strategies to enhance the clearance of antibody-based
imaging ligands could allow imaging at earlier time points and thereby
open the possibility to combine antibodies with short-lived radionuclides
such as fluorine-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schlein
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marc Robillard
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jonas Eriksson
- PET Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Gustavsson T, Syvänen S, O'Callaghan P, Sehlin D. SPECT imaging of distribution and retention of a brain-penetrating bispecific amyloid-β antibody in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2020; 9:37. [PMID: 32951598 PMCID: PMC7504681 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-020-00214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) immunotherapy with antibodies targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) has been extensively explored in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to study the long-term brain distribution of two radiolabeled monoclonal Aβ antibody variants - RmAb158, the recombinant murine version of BAN2401, which has recently demonstrated amyloid removal and reduced cognitive decline in AD patients, and the bispecific RmAb158-scFv8D3, which has been engineered for enhanced brain uptake via transferrin receptor-mediated transcytosis. METHODS A single intravenous injection of iodine-125 (125I)-labeled RmAb158-scFv8D3 or RmAb158 was administered to AD transgenic mice (tg-ArcSwe). In vivo single-photon emission computed tomography was used to investigate brain retention and intrabrain distribution of the antibodies over a period of 4 weeks. Activity in blood and brain tissue was measured ex vivo and autoradiography was performed in combination with Aβ and CD31 immunostaining to investigate the intrabrain distribution of the antibodies and their interactions with Aβ. RESULTS Despite faster blood clearance, [125I]RmAb158-scFv8D3 displayed higher brain exposure than [125I]RmAb158 throughout the study. The brain distribution of [125I]RmAb158-scFv8D3 was more uniform and coincided with parenchymal Aβ pathology, while [125I]RmAb158 displayed a more scattered distribution pattern and accumulated in central parts of the brain at later times. Ex vivo autoradiography indicated greater vascular escape and parenchymal Aβ interactions for [125I]RmAb158-scFv8D3, whereas [125I]RmAb158 displayed retention and Aβ interactions in lateral ventricles. CONCLUSIONS The high brain uptake and uniform intrabrain distribution of RmAb158-scFv8D3 highlight the benefits of receptor-mediated transcytosis for antibody-based brain imaging. Moreover, it suggests that the alternative transport route of the bispecific antibody contributes to improved efficacy of brain-directed immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gustavsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O'Callaghan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Dewulf J, Adhikari K, Vangestel C, Wyngaert TVD, Elvas F. Development of Antibody Immuno-PET/SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging of Oncological Disorders-An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1868. [PMID: 32664521 PMCID: PMC7408676 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are molecular imaging strategies that typically use radioactively labeled ligands to selectively visualize molecular targets. The nanomolar sensitivity of PET and SPECT combined with the high specificity and affinity of monoclonal antibodies have shown great potential in oncology imaging. Over the past decades a wide range of radio-isotopes have been developed into immuno-SPECT/PET imaging agents, made possible by novel conjugation strategies (e.g., site-specific labeling, click chemistry) and optimization and development of novel radiochemistry procedures. In addition, new strategies such as pretargeting and the use of antibody fragments have entered the field of immuno-PET/SPECT expanding the range of imaging applications. Non-invasive imaging techniques revealing tumor antigen biodistribution, expression and heterogeneity have the potential to contribute to disease diagnosis, therapy selection, patient stratification and therapy response prediction achieving personalized treatments for each patient and therefore assisting in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Dewulf
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karuna Adhikari
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van Den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filipe Elvas
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (J.D.); (C.V.); (T.V.D.W.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem, Belgium
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6
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Etienne F, Berthaud M, Nguyen F, Bernardeau K, Maurel C, Bodet-Milin C, Diab M, Abadie J, Gouilleux-Gruart V, Vidal A, Bourgeois M, Chouin N, Ibisch C, Davodeau F. SPECT-CT Imaging of Dog Spontaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Targeting CD22 for the Implementation of a Relevant Preclinical Model for Human. Front Oncol 2020; 10:20. [PMID: 32117707 PMCID: PMC7018706 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies directed against CD22 have been used in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) clinical trials to treat patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with promising results. However, relevant preclinical models are needed to facilitate the evaluation and optimization of new protocols. Spontaneous DLBCL in dogs is a tumor model that may help accelerate the development of new methodologies and therapeutic strategies for RIT targeting CD22. Seven murine monoclonal antibodies specific for canine CD22 were produced by the hybridoma method and characterized. The antibodies' affinity and epitopic maps, their internalization capability and usefulness for diagnosis in immunohistochemistry were determined. Biodistribution and PET imaging on a mouse xenogeneic model of dog DLBCL was used to choose the most promising antibody for our purposes. PET-CT results confirmed biodistribution study observations and allowed tumor localization. The selected antibody, 10C6, was successfully used on a dog with spontaneous DLBCL for SPECT-CT imaging in the context of disease staging, validating its efficacy for diagnosis and the feasibility of future RIT assays. This first attempt at phenotypic imaging on dogs paves the way to implementing quantitative imaging methodologies that would be transposable to humans in a theranostic approach. Taking into account the feedback of existing human radioimmunotherapy clinical trials targeting CD22, animal trials are planned to investigate protocol improvements that are difficult to consider in humans due to ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Etienne
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Nantes, France
| | - Maxime Berthaud
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Nantes, France
| | - Karine Bernardeau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,P2R "Production de Protéines Recombinantes", CRCINA, SFR-Santé, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Maurel
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Bodet-Milin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Maya Diab
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Abadie
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Nantes, France
| | | | - Aurélien Vidal
- Groupement d'Intérêt Public ARRONAX Cyclotron, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Mickaël Bourgeois
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,Groupement d'Intérêt Public ARRONAX Cyclotron, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Nicolas Chouin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Ibisch
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France.,AMaROC, Oniris (Nantes Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering), Nantes, France
| | - François Davodeau
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
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7
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Eskian M, Khorasanizadeh M, Zinzani PL, Illidge TM, Rezaei N. Novel Methods to Improve the Efficiency of Radioimmunotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Int Rev Immunol 2019; 38:79-91. [PMID: 30931651 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1588266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a novel strategy for treating non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Several studies have shown the promising results of using RIT in NHL, which have led to FDA approval for two RIT agents in treating low grade NHL. In spite of these favorable results in low-grade NHL, most of the aggressive or relapsed/refractory NHL subjects experience relapses following RIT. Although more aggressive treatments such as myeloablative doses of RIT followed by stem cell transplantation appear to be able to provide a longer survival for some patients these approaches are associated with significant treatment-related adverse events and challenging to deliver in most centers. Therefore, it seems reasonable to develop treatment approaches that enhance the efficiency of RIT, while reducing its toxicity. In this paper, novel methods that improve the efficiency of RIT and reduce its toxicity through various mechanisms are reviewed. Further clinical development of these methods could expand the NHL patient groups eligible for receiving RIT, and even extend the use of RIT to new indications and disease groups in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Eskian
- a Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - MirHojjat Khorasanizadeh
- a Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,b Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Pier Luigi Zinzani
- c Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Tim M Illidge
- d Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Christie NHS Foundation Trust , Manchester , UK
| | - Nima Rezaei
- a Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,e Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,f Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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8
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Aung W, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Sugyo A, Ukai Y, Kouda K, Kurosawa Y, Furukawa T, Saga T. Radioimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice using 90Y-labeled anti-α6β4 integrin antibody. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38835-38844. [PMID: 27246980 PMCID: PMC5122433 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of integrin α6β4 (α6β4) overexpression to the pancreatic cancer invasion and metastasis has been previously shown. We have reported immunotargeting of α6β4 for radionuclide-based and near-infrared fluorescence imaging in a pancreatic cancer model. In this study, we prepared yttrium-90 labeled anti-α6β4 antibody (90Y-ITGA6B4) and evaluated its radioimmunotherapeutic efficacy against pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice. Mice bearing xenograft tumors were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) single administration of 90Y-ITGA6B4 (3.7MBq), (2) double administrations of 90Y-ITGA6B4 with once-weekly schedule (3.7MBq × 2), (3) single administration of unlabeled ITGA6B4, (4) double administrations of unlabeled ITGA6B4 with once-weekly schedule and (5) the untreated control. Biweekly tumor volume measurements and immunohistochemical analyses of tumors at 2 days post-administration were performed to monitor the response to treatments. To assess the toxicity, body weight was measured biweekly. Additionally, at 27 days post-administration, blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture, and hematological parameters, hepatic and renal functions were analyzed. Both 90Y-ITGA6B4 treatment groups showed reduction in tumor volumes (P < 0.04), decreased cell proliferation marker Ki-67-positive cells and increased DNA damage marker p-H2AX-positive cells, compared with the other groups. Mice treated with double administrations of 90Y-ITGA6B4, exhibited myelosuppression. There were no significant differences in hepatic and renal functions between the 2 treatment groups and the other groups. Our results suggest that 90Y-ITGA6B4 is a promising radioimmunotherapeutic agent against α6β4 overexpressing tumors. In the future studies, dose adjustment for fractionated RIT should be considered carefully in order to get the optimal effect while avoiding myelotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winn Aung
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshikazu Kurosawa
- Innovation Center for Advanced Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takako Furukawa
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Saga
- Diagnostic Imaging Program, Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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9
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High treatment efficacy by dual targeting of Burkitt’s lymphoma xenografted mice with a 177Lu-based CD22-specific radioimmunoconjugate and rituximab. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 43:489-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Witzig TE, Tomblyn MB, Misleh JG, Kio EA, Sharkey RM, Wegener WA, Goldenberg DM. Anti-CD22 90Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan combined with anti-CD20 veltuzumab: a phase I study in patients with relapsed/refractory, aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Haematologica 2014; 99:1738-45. [PMID: 25150258 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A lingering criticism of radioimmunotherapy in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the use of cold anti-CD20 antibody along with the radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody. We instead combined radioimmunotherapy with immunotherapy targeting different B-cell antigens. We evaluated the anti-CD22 (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan with the anti-CD20 veltuzumab in patients with aggressive lymphoma in whom at least one prior standard treatment had failed, but who had not undergone stem cell transplantation. Eighteen patients (median age 73 years, median of 3 prior treatments) received 200 mg/m(2) veltuzumab once-weekly for 4 weeks, with (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan at planned doses in weeks 3 and 4, and (111)In-epratuzumab tetraxetan in week 2 for imaging and dosimetry. Veltuzumab effectively lowered levels of B cells in the blood prior to the radioimmunotherapy doses. No significant immunogenicity or change in pharmacokinetics of either agent occurred in combination. (111)In imaging showed tumor targeting with acceptable radiation dosimetry to normal organs. For (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan, transient myelosuppression was dose-limiting with 6 mCi/m(2) (222 MBq/m(2)) × 2 being the maximal tolerated dose. Of 17 assessable patients, nine (53%) had objective responses according to the 2007 revised treatment response criteria, including three (18%) complete responses (2 relapsing after 11 and 13 months, 1 continuing to be clinically disease-free at 19 months), and six (35%) partial responses (1 relapsing after 14 months, 5 at 3 - 7 months). Responses occurred in patients with different lymphoma histologies, treated at different (90)Y dose levels, and with a predicted risk of poor outcome, most importantly including five of the six patients treated with the maximal tolerated dose (2 of whom achieved durable complete responses). In conclusion, the combination of (90)Y-epratuzumab tetraxetan and veltuzumab was well-tolerated with encouraging therapeutic activity in this difficult-to-treat population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ebenezer A Kio
- Indiana University Health Center for Cancer Care, Goshen, IN
| | | | | | - David M Goldenberg
- Immunomedics, Morris Plains, NJ Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Morris Plains, NJ, USA
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11
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Repetto-Llamazares AHV, Larsen RH, Giusti AM, Riccardi E, Bruland ØS, Selbo PK, Dahle J. 177Lu-DOTA-HH1, a novel anti-CD37 radio-immunoconjugate: a study of toxicity in nude mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103070. [PMID: 25068508 PMCID: PMC4113375 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD37 is an internalizing B-cell antigen expressed on Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL). The anti-CD37 monoclonal antibody HH1 was conjugated to the bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Bn-DOTA and labelled with the beta-particle emitting radionuclide 177Lu creating the radio-immunoconjugate (RIC) 177Lu-DOTA-HH1 (177Lu-HH1, trade name Betalutin). The present toxicity study was performed prior to initiation of clinical studies with 177Lu-HH1. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Nude mice with or without tumor xenografts were treated with 50 to 1000 MBq/kg 177Lu- HH1 and followed for clinical signs of toxicity up to ten months. Acute, life threatening bone marrow toxicity was observed in animals receiving 800 and 1000 MBq/kg 177Lu-HH1. Significant changes in serum concentrations of liver enzymes were evident for treatment with 1000 MBq/kg 177Lu-HH1. Lymphoid depletion, liver necrosis and atrophy, and interstitial cell hyperplasia of the ovaries were also observed for mice in this dose group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE 177Lu-DOTA-HH1 was well tolerated at dosages about 10 times above those considered relevant for radioimmunotherapy in patients with B-cell derived malignancies.The toxicity profile was as expected for RICs. Our experimental results have paved the way for clinical evaluation of 177Lu-HH1 in NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada H. V. Repetto-Llamazares
- Nordic Nanovector AS, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Øyvind S. Bruland
- Department of Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Kristian Selbo
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, Oslo, Norway
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12
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Chen J, Wang M, Joyce A, DeFranco D, Kavosi M, Xu X, O'Hara DM. Comparison of succinimidyl [(125)I]iodobenzoate with iodogen iodination methods to study pharmacokinetics and ADME of biotherapeutics. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2810-21. [PMID: 24844406 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1378-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the application of succinimidyl iodobenzoate (SIB) iodination method in labeling biotherapeutics to study their pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution. METHOD An IgG molecule (protein-01) and a 40 KDa protein (protein-02) were evaluated. Pharmacokinetics (PK) and biodistribution of the radiolabeled IgG ((125)I-protein-01) in mice compared parameters from SIB and Iodogen protein iodination labeling methods. In addition, PK of radiolabeled 40 KDa protein ((125)I-protein-02) using SIB was compared with non-labeled protein-02 analyzed by ligand binding assay (LBA). RESULTS Up to 72 h following a single IP injection to mice, the percentage of "free-label" determined by the soluble counts after TCA precipitation to total radioactivity in serum samples was 2.8-49.4% vs. <1.0% for (125)I-protein-01 iodinated via Iodogen or SIB methods, respectively, suggesting a higher in vivo stability of (125)I-protein-01 labeled via the SIB method. The serum exposure of (125)I-protein-01 was two-fold higher, and correspondingly, the tissue exposure was also higher (averaging 3.6 fold at 168 h) when using SIB protein labeling method than when using the Iodogen method. In addition, following subcutaneous (SC) administration to mice, the serum exposure of (125)I-protein-02 labeled via SIB method was similar to protein-02 measure by LBA. CONCLUSION In this study, iodination of proteins using SIB methodology has overcome the dehalogenation problem in vivo which is inherent in Iodogen method, and PK parameters of a protein iodinated via SIB were comparable to the un-labeled protein measured by LBA. The SIB iodination method is an improved labeling approach for biotherapeutics used in studying PK and biodistribution characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Chen
- Department of Clinical & Translational Imaging, Precision Medicine, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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13
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Oosterwijk E. Carbonic anhydrase expression in kidney and renal cancer: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Subcell Biochem 2014; 75:181-98. [PMID: 24146380 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7359-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Four different carbonic anhydrases are expressed in the human nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. These are specifically expressed in different nephron segments, emphasizing the critical role carbonic anhydrases play in maintaining the homeostasis of this crucial organ.Whereas the localization of carbonic anhydrases in the kidney has been long established, interest in carbonic anhydrases has increased dramatically for renal cancer, in particular for the clear cell variant of renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) because carbonic anhydrase IX is specifically expressed in ccRCC. Therefore carbonic anhydrase IX is being studied as potential diagnostic and therapeutic target, despite carbonic anhydrase IX expression in non-renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center St Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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14
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Boswell CA, Marik J, Elowson MJ, Reyes NA, Ulufatu S, Bumbaca D, Yip V, Mundo EE, Majidy N, Van Hoy M, Goriparthi SN, Trias A, Gill HS, Williams SP, Junutula JR, Fielder PJ, Khawli LA. Enhanced tumor retention of a radiohalogen label for site-specific modification of antibodies. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9418-26. [PMID: 24131491 DOI: 10.1021/jm401365h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A known limitation of iodine radionuclides for labeling and biological tracking of receptor targeted proteins is the tendency of iodotyrosine to rapidly diffuse from cells following endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. In contrast, radiometal-chelate complexes such as indium-111-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (In-111-DOTA) accumulate within target cells due to the residualizing properties of the polar, charged metal-chelate-amino acid adduct. Iodine radionuclides boast a diversity of nuclear properties and chemical means for incorporation, prompting efforts to covalently link radioiodine with residualizing molecules. Herein, we describe the Ugi-assisted synthesis of [I-125]HIP-DOTA, a 4-hydroxy-3-iodophenyl (HIP) derivative of DOTA, and demonstration of its residualizing properties in a murine xenograft model. Overall, this study displays the power of multicomponent synthesis to yield a versatile radioactive probe for antibodies across multiple therapeutic areas with potential applications in both preclinical biodistribution studies and clinical radioimmunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Andrew Boswell
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way MS 463A , South San Francisco 94080, United States
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15
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Repetto-Llamazares AHV, Larsen RH, Mollatt C, Lassmann M, Dahle J. Biodistribution and dosimetry of (177)Lu-tetulomab, a new radioimmunoconjugate for treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Curr Radiopharm 2013; 6:20-7. [PMID: 23256748 PMCID: PMC3624777 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011306010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biodistribution of the anti-CD37 radioimmunoconjugate 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab (177Lu-DOTA-HH1) was evaluated. Biodistribution of 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab was compared with 177Lu-tetraxetan-rituximab and free 177Lu in nude mice implanted with Daudi lymphoma xenografts. The data showed that 177Lu-tetulomab had a relevant stability and tumor targeting properties in the human lymphoma model. The half-life of 177Lu allowed significant tumor to normal tissue ratios to be obtained indicating that 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab could be suitable for clinical testing. The biological and effective half-life in blood was higher for 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab than for 177Lu-tetraxetan-rituximab. The biodistribution of 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab did not change significantly when the protein dose was varied from 0.01 to 1 mg/kg. Dosimetry calculations showed that the absorbed radiation doses to normal tissues and tumor in mice were not significantly different for 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetuloma b and 177Lu-tetraxetan-rituximab. The absorbed radiation doses were extrapolated to human absorbed radiation doses. These extrapolated absorbed radiation doses to normal tissues for 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab at an injection of 40 MBq/kg were significantly lower than the absorbed radiation doses for 15 MBq/kg Zevalin, suggesting that higher tumor radiation dose can be reached with 177Lu-tetraxetan-tetulomab in the clinic.
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16
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Zhou Y, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW. Mapping biological behaviors by application of longer-lived positron emitting radionuclides. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1098-111. [PMID: 23123291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the technological development of positron emission tomography (PET) and the advent of novel antibody-directed drug delivery systems, longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides are moving to the forefront to take important roles in tracking the distribution of biotherapeutics such as antibodies, and for monitoring biological processes and responses. Longer half-life radionuclides possess advantages of convenient on-site preparation procedures for both clinical and non-clinical applications. The suitability of the long half-life radionuclides for imaging intact monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their respective fragments, which have inherently long biological half-lives, has attracted increased interest in recent years. In this review, we provide a survey of the recent literature as it applies to the development of nine-selected longer-lived positron emitters with half-lives of 9-140h (e.g., (124)I, (64)Cu, (86)Y and (89)Zr), and describe the biological behaviors of radionuclide-labeled mAbs with respect to distribution and targeting characteristics, potential toxicities, biological applications, and clinical translation potentials.
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Key Words
- (124)I
- (64)Cu
- (86)Y
- (89)Zr
- 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N″′-tetraacetic acid
- 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N′,N″-1,4,7-triacetic acid
- 1-N-(4-aminobenzyl)-3,6,10,13,16,19-hexaazabicyclo[6.6.6]eicosane-1,8-diamine
- 1-oxa-4,7,1-tetraazacyclododecane-5-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-4,7,10-triacetic acid
- 3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]-pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-4-S-(4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)-3,6,9-triacetic acid
- CHX-A″-DTPA
- DOTA
- DOTA-DPhe1-Tyr3-octreotide
- DOTATOC
- DTPA
- HPMA
- Immuno-PET
- Monoclonal antibodies
- N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide
- N-[R-2-amino-3-(p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]-trans-(S,S)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N′,N″,N″-pentaacetic acid
- NOTA
- Oncology
- PIB
- PIP
- Radioimmunoimaging
- SATA
- SarAr
- bispecific monoclonal antibody
- bsMAb
- diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid
- p-SCN-Bn-PCTA
- p-SCN-Bn-oxo-DO3A
- p-iodobenzoate
- para-iodophenyl
- succinimidyl acetylthioacetate
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17
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Application of monoclonal antibody G250 recognizing carbonic anhydrase IX in renal cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:11402-23. [PMID: 23759990 PMCID: PMC3709739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140611402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody G250 (mAbG250) recognizes a determinant on carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). CAIX is expressed by virtually all renal cell carcinomas of the clear cell type (ccRCC), but expression in normal tissues is restricted. The homogeneous CAIX expression in ccRCC and excellent targeting capability of mAbG250 in animal models led to the initiation of the clinical evaluation of mAbG250 in (metastatic) RCC (mRCC) patients. Clinical studies confirmed the outstanding targeting ability of mAbG250 and cG250 PET imaging, as diagnostic modality holds great promise for the future, both in detecting localized and advanced disease. Confirmation of the results obtained in the non-randomized clinical trials with unmodified cG250 is needed to substantiate the value of cG250 treatment in mRCC. cG250-Based radio immuno-therapy (RIT) holds promise for treatment of patients with small-volume disease, and adjuvant treatment with unmodified cG250 may be of value in selected cases. In the upcoming years, ongoing clinical trials should provide evidence for these assumptions. Lastly, whether cG250-based RIT can be combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, which constitutes the current standard treatment for mRCC, needs to be established.
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18
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Stillebroer AB, Franssen GM, Mulders PFA, Oyen WJG, van Dongen GAMS, Laverman P, Oosterwijk E, Boerman OC. ImmunoPET imaging of renal cell carcinoma with (124)I- and (89)Zr-labeled anti-CAIX monoclonal antibody cG250 in mice. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:510-5. [PMID: 23697926 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cG250 recognizes carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), overexpressed on clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). (124)I-cG250 is currently under clinical investigation for the detection of ccRCC. However, the (124)I label is rapidly excreted from the tumor cells after internalization of the radiolabeled mAb. We hypothesized that labeling cG250 with the residualizing positron emitter (89)Zr would lead to higher tumor uptake and more sensitive detection of ccRCC lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude mice with CAIX-expressing ccRCC xenografts (SK-RC-52 or NU-12) were i.v. injected with (89)Zr-cG250 or (124)I-cG250. To determine specificity of (89)Zr-cG250 uptake in ccRCC, one control group was i.v. injected with (89)Zr-MOPC21 (irrelevant mAb). PET images were acquired using a small animal PET camera and the biodistribution of the radiolabeled mAb was determined. RESULTS The ccRCC xenografts were clearly visualized after injection of (89)Zr-cG250 and (124)I-cG250. Tumor uptake of (89)Zr-cG250 was significantly higher compared with (124)I-cG250 in the NU-12 tumor model (114.7% ± 25.2% injected dose per gram (%ID/g) vs. 38.2 ± 18.3%ID/g, p=0.029), but in the SK-RC-52 the difference in tumor uptake was not significant (48.7 ± 15.2%ID/g vs. 32.0 ± 22.9%ID/g, p=0.26). SK-RC-52 tumors were not visualized with (89)Zr-MOPC21 (tumor uptake 3.0%ID/g). Intraperitoneal SK-RC-52 lesions as small as 7 mm(3) were visualized with (89)Zr-cG250 PET. CONCLUSION ImmunoPET imaging with cG250 visualized s.c. and i.p. ccRCC lesions in murine models. This confirms the potential of cG250 immunoPET in the diagnosis and (re)staging of ccRCC. PET imaging of ccRCC tumors with (89)Zr-cG250 could be more sensitive than (124)I-cG250-PET.
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Derby L, Czuczman MS. Update on novel monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates for the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. Future Oncol 2011; 7:963-79. [PMID: 21823892 DOI: 10.2217/fon.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 1997 was pivotal in lymphoma research, as it was the year that the US FDA approved rituximab. Rituximab significantly altered clinical management and outcomes of patients with B-cell malignancies. Despite a high initial response rate, the majority of patients subsequently develop variable degrees of therapeutic resistance to rituximab. Research attempting to understand the mechanisms of rituximab resistance and potential ways to overcome them has given rise to the development of novel targeted immunotherapeutics. This article will update the readers on advances in bioengineering of monoclonal antibodies and immunoconjugates that target CD20, as well as other surface antigens. Some additional novel immunotherapeutics, including small modular immunopharmaceuticals, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, T-cell engaging antibodies and immunoconjugates, will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmyla Derby
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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20
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Illidge T, Morschhauser F. Radioimmunotherapy in follicular lymphoma. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2011; 24:279-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Sharkey RM, Rossi EA, Chang CH, Goldenberg DM. Improved cancer therapy and molecular imaging with multivalent, multispecific antibodies. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2010; 25:1-12. [PMID: 20187791 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2009.0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are highly versatile proteins with the ability to be used to target diverse compounds, such as radionuclides for imaging and therapy, or drugs and toxins for therapy, but also can be used unconjugated to elicit therapeutically beneficial responses, usually with minimal toxicity. This update describes a new procedure for forming multivalent and/or multispecific proteins, known as the dock-and-lock (DNL) technique. Developed as a procedure for preparing bispecific antibodies capable of binding divalently to a tumor antigen and monovalently to a radiolabeled hapten-peptide for pretargeted imaging and therapy, this methodology has the flexibility to create a number of other biologic agents of therapeutic interest. A variety of constructs, based on anti-CD20 and CD22 antibodies, have been made, with results showing that multispecific antibodies have very different properties from the respective parental monospecific antibodies. The technique is not restricted to antibody combination, but other biologics, such as interferon-alpha2b, have been prepared. These types of constructs not only allow small biologics to be sustained in the blood longer, but also to be selectively targeted. Thus, DNL technology is a highly flexible platform that can be used to prepare many different types of agents that could further improve cancer detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sharkey
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology (CMMI), Belleville, New Jersey, USA
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22
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Morschhauser F, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Wegener WA, Harousseau JL, Petillon MO, Huglo D, Trümper LH, Meller J, Pfreundschuh M, Kirsch CM, Naumann R, Kropp J, Horne H, Teoh N, Le Gouill S, Bodet-Milin C, Chatal JF, Goldenberg DM. High rates of durable responses with anti-CD22 fractionated radioimmunotherapy: results of a multicenter, phase I/II study in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:3709-16. [PMID: 20625137 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.7863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fractionated radioimmunotherapy targeting CD22 may substantially improve responses and outcome in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter trial evaluated two or three weekly infusions of yttrium-90 ((90)Y) epratuzumab tetraxetan (humanized anti-CD22 antibody) in 64 patients with relapsed/refractory NHL, including 17 patients who underwent prior autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). Objective (OR) and complete responses (CR/complete response unconfirmed [CRu]), as well as progression-free survival (PFS), were determined. RESULTS At the maximum total (90)Y dose of 45 mCi/m(2) (1,665 MBq/m(2)), grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicities were reversible to grade 1 in patients with less than 25% bone marrow involvement. The overall OR rate and median PFS for all 61 evaluable patients was 62% (CR/CRu, 48%) and 9.5 months, respectively. Patients without prior ASCT obtained high OR rates of 71% (CR/CRu, 55%) across all NHL subtypes and (90)Y doses, even in poor-risk categories (refractory to last anti-CD20-containing regimen, 73% [CR/CRu, 60%]; bulky disease: 71% [CR/CRu, 43%]). Patients with prior ASCT received lower doses, but achieved an OR rate of 41% (CR/CRu, 29%). For patients with follicular lymphoma (FL), OR rates and median PFS increased with total (90)Y-dose, reaching 100% (CR/CRu, 92%) and 24.6 months, respectively, at the highest dose levels (> 30 mCi/m(2) total (90)Y-dose [1,110 MBq/m(2)]). Further, patients with FL refractory to prior anti-CD20-containing regimens achieved 90% (nine of 10 patients) OR and CR/CRu rates and a median PFS of 21.5 months. CONCLUSION Fractionated anti-CD22 radioimmunotherapy provides high total doses of (90)Y, yielding high rates of durable CR/CRus in relapsed/refractory NHL, resulting in 20 mCi/m(2) x 2 weeks as the recommended dose for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Morschhauser
- Service des Maladies du Sang, Centre Hospitalier Regional, L'Universitaire de Lille, France
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Stillebroer AB, Mulders PF, Boerman OC, Oyen WJ, Oosterwijk E. Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Prognosis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Eur Urol 2010; 58:75-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, staging, and monitoring response to treatment in a variety of cancers. Recent efforts have focused on immuno-PET, which uses antibody-based radiotracers, to image tumors based on expression of tumor-associated antigens. It is postulated that the specificity afforded by antibody targeting should both improve tumor detection and provide phenotypic information related to primary and metastatic lesions that will guide therapy decisions. Advances in antibody-engineering are providing the tools to develop antibody-based molecules with pharmacokinetic properties optimized for use as immuno-PET radiotracers. Coupled with technical advances in the design of PET scanners, immuno-PET holds promise to improve diagnostic imaging and to guide the use of targeted therapies. An overview of the preclinical immuno-PET studies in cancer models is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Vegt E, de Jong M, Wetzels JF, Masereeuw R, Melis M, Oyen WJ, Gotthardt M, Boerman OC. Renal Toxicity of Radiolabeled Peptides and Antibody Fragments: Mechanisms, Impact on Radionuclide Therapy, and Strategies for Prevention. J Nucl Med 2010; 51:1049-58. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.110.075101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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26
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Sharkey RM, Karacay H, Goldenberg DM. Improving the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with antibody-targeted radionuclides. Cancer 2010; 116:1134-45. [PMID: 20127947 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunotherapy of non-Hodgkin lymphoma comprises a (90)Y- or (131)I-labeled murine anti-CD20 IgG, but both agents also include a substantial dose of unlabeled anti-CD20 IgG given immediately before the radioconjugate to reduce its uptake in the spleen (primary normal B-cell antigen sink); this extends its plasma half-life and improves tumor visualization. Thus, these treatments combine an effective anti-CD20 radioconjugate with an unconjugated anti-CD20 antibody that is also therapeutically active, but the large anti-CD20 IgG predose ( approximately 900 mg) may diminish the tumor localization of the radioimmunoconjugate (eg, 10-35 mg). We have examined alternative approaches that enhance radionuclide targeting and improve antitumor responses. One uses a (90)Y-labeled anti-CD22 IgG (epratuzumab) combined with an antibody therapy regimen of a humanized anti-CD20 IgG (veltuzumab). Pretargeted radionuclide therapy using a trivalent, humanized, recombinant bispecific anti-CD20 antibody with a (90)Y-hapten-peptide is another highly effective method that is also less toxic than directly radiolabeled IgG. Finally, all approaches benefit from the addition of a consolidation-dosing regimen of the anti-CD20 IgG antibody. This article reviews these various options and discusses how some fundamental changes could potentially enhance the response and duration from radionuclide-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Sharkey
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Garden State Cancer Center, 520 Belleville Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109, USA.
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Nayak TK, Brechbiel MW. Radioimmunoimaging with longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides: potentials and challenges. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:825-41. [PMID: 19125647 PMCID: PMC3397469 DOI: 10.1021/bc800299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Radioimmunoimaging and therapy has been an area of interest for several decades. Steady progress has been made toward clinical translation of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Tremendous advances have been made in imaging technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET). However, these advances have so far eluded routine translation into clinical radioimmunoimaging applications due to the mismatch between the short half-lives of routinely used positron-emitting radionuclides such as (18)F versus the pharmacokinetics of most intact monoclonal antibodies of interest. The lack of suitable positron-emitting radionuclides that match the pharmacokinetics of intact antibodies has generated interest in exploring the use of longer-lived positron emitters that are more suitable for radioimmunoimaging and dosimetry applications with intact monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we examine the opportunities and challenges of radioimmunoimaging with select longer-lived positron-emitting radionuclides such as (124)I, (89)Zr, and (86)Y with respect to radionuclide production, ease of radiolabeling intact antibodies, imaging characteristics, radiation dosimetry, and clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan K. Nayak
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD-20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD-20892, USA
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Ivanov A, Swann R, Illidge T. New insights into the mechanisms of action of radioimmunotherapy in lymphoma. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:987-98. [PMID: 18644192 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.8.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The exquisite sensitivity of haematological malignancies to targeted radiation alongside the impressive results achieved by the pioneers in this field suggests that radioimmunotherapy is likely to be a productive area for future clinical research. Recent experimental work has demonstrated that the combination of targeted radiation and antibody effector mechanisms are critical to long-term clearance of tumour. This review provides the background of clinical and biological insights into the mechanisms of action of radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Ivanov
- School of Cancer and Imaging Sciences, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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29
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Mattes MJ, Sharkey RM, Karacay H, Czuczman MS, Goldenberg DM. Therapy of Advanced B-Lymphoma Xenografts with a Combination of 90Y-anti-CD22 IgG (Epratuzumab) and Unlabeled Anti-CD20 IgG (Veltuzumab). Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6154-60. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Stillebroer AB, Oosterwijk E, Oyen WJG, Mulders PFA, Boerman OC. Radiolabeled antibodies in renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Imaging 2007; 7:179-88. [PMID: 18055291 PMCID: PMC2151324 DOI: 10.1102/1470-7330.2007.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a radio- and chemotherapy resistant tumor, which has a very high morbidity and mortality when metastasized. The current treatment options demonstrate limited efficacy and severe side-effects. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies for RCC. As for other malignancies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting tumor-associated antigens have been developed for RCC. One of these, mAb G250, targets the MN/CAIX/G250 antigen, which is ubiquitously expressed in clear cell RCC (ccRCC). ccRCC is the most common form of RCC with a prevalence of 80%. Expression of G250 in normal tissue is restricted to the gastrointestinal mucosa and related structures, thereby making it a suitable candidate for targeting ccRCC. In several clinical studies the efficient accumulation of mAb G250 in ccRCC has been demonstrated, resulting in high contrast images. G250-imaging could prove to be a valuable tool in diagnosing metastases in patients with a G250-antigen positive primary tumor and/or in the differential diagnosis of suspect kidney lesions. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of radiolabeled G250 has been investigated in a series of studies. Thus far, most efforts have been devoted to G250 labeled with high doses of 131I. Other radionuclides which may enhance the therapeutic index of this radiolabeled mAb are currently under investigation. In our institution, an activity dose escalation study is currently ongoing to investigate the therapeutic potential of 177Lu-labeled G250 in metastatic ccRCC patients. In this review, the current status of the diagnostic and therapeutic properties of radiolabeled antibodies in RCC is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Stillebroer
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Santos ES, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Ayala E, Raez LE. Current results and future applications of radioimmunotherapy management of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 47:2453-76. [PMID: 17169792 DOI: 10.1080/10428190600923140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies labeled with radionuclides have become an important therapeutic tool in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). At the present time, their use in the US is approved for patients with rituximab-resistant, low-grade, follicular or transformed NHL. Encouraging responses seen in the relapsed and refractory patients have prompted their evaluation in earlier disease or in other histologic sub-types either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Additionally, they have been included as preparative regimens for stem cell transplant protocols within the context of clinical trials. This review discusses the latest clinical trials and future directions of radioimmunoconjugates in the treatment of NHL, with emphasis on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved radioimmunoconjugates, namely 131I-tositumomab and 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo S Santos
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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32
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Feridani AHI, Holmqvist B, Sjögren HO, Strand SE, Tennvall J, Baldetorp B. Combined flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy for evaluation of BR96 antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization. Cytometry A 2007; 71:361-70. [PMID: 17366637 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are important tools in the management of tumor disease, and the discovery of antibodies with both specific cancer cell targeting and capacity to enter the cells by internalization are critical to improve the therapeutic efficacy. METHOD Antibody cancer cell targeting and internalization properties of fluoroscein-conjugated mAb made against Lewis Y (BR96) were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by means of flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), respectively, on cells from a rat tumor cell line (BN7005-H1D2). RESULTS The study demonstrated a specific binding of BR96 to LewisY (LeY) located in the cell membrane and as BR96/LeY immunocomplexes (BR96/LeY) internalized into the cytoplasm. BR96/LeY was internalized into about 15% of the cells, usually distributed throughout the cytoplasm, but also located close to the nuclei. Cytotoxic effects by BR96 were indicated, and CLSM visualized subpopulations containing cells with bound or internalized BR96/LeY that possessed morphologically pyknotic nuclei and disrupted DNA. CONCLUSION The spatial-temporal pattern by BR96 cell targeting and internalization processes of BR96/LeY into the cancer cells expressing LeY was demonstrated by FCM and CLSM. Used together, the FCM and CLSM techniques provide a valuable tool for preclinical analyses of antibody targeting and their capacities as carriers of cytotoxic conjugates for the use in cancer therapy.
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Stein R, Govindan SV, Hayes M, Griffiths GL, Hansen HJ, Horak ID, Goldenberg DM. Advantage of a residualizing iodine radiolabel in the therapy of a colon cancer xenograft targeted with an anticarcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibody. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:2727-34. [PMID: 15814655 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A disadvantage of conventionally radioiodinated monoclonal antibodies (mAb) for cancer therapy is the short retention time of the radionuclide within target cells. To address this issue, we recently developed a method in which radioiodine is introduced onto antibodies using an adduct consisting of a nonmetabolizable peptide attached to the aminopolycarboxylate diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, designated IMP-R4. This adduct causes the radioiodine to become trapped in lysosomes following antibody catabolism. Clinical-scale production of 131I-IMP-R4-labeled antibodies is possible using a recently developed facile method. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The properties of 131I-IMP-R4-labeled anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) humanized mAb hMN-14 were compared with the directly radioiodinated hMN-14 (131I-hMN-14) in CEA-expressing human colon cancer cell lines, LoVo and LS174T, and in nude mice bearing established LoVo tumor xenografts. RESULTS 125I-IMP-R4-hMN-14 retention in the cell lines was significantly increased (61.5% after 3 days) compared with 125I-hMN-14. In vivo, a significant improvement in tumor accretion of radiolabel was obtained using 131I-IMP-R4-hMN-14, which led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy. Eight weeks post-treatment, mean tumor volumes were 0.16 +/- 0.19 and 1.99 +/- 1.35 cm3 in mice treated with 131I-IMP-R4-hMN-14 and 131I-hMN-14, respectively, with complete remissions observed in 27% of mice treated with 131I-IMP-R4-hMN-14 and none using 131I-hMN-14. CONCLUSION 131I-IMP-R4-hMN-14 provides a significant therapeutic advantage in comparison to the conventionally 131I-labeled antibody. The ability of this labeling method to lend itself to clinical-scale labeling, the broad applicability of a humanized anti-CEA mAb for CEA-expressing cancers, and the clinical benefits of radioimmunotherapy with anti-CEA mAb shown recently for small-volume and minimal residual disease combine to make 131I-IMP-R4-hMN-14 a promising new agent for radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona Stein
- Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, New Jersey and Immunomedics Inc., Morris Plains, New Jersey, USA.
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34
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Lindén O, Hindorf C, Cavallin-Ståhl E, Wegener WA, Goldenberg DM, Horne H, Ohlsson T, Stenberg L, Strand SE, Tennvall J. Dose-Fractionated Radioimmunotherapy in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Using DOTA-Conjugated, 90Y-Radiolabeled, Humanized Anti-CD22 Monoclonal Antibody, Epratuzumab. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:5215-22. [PMID: 16033839 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fractionated radioimmunotherapy may improve therapeutic outcome by decreasing heterogeneity of the dose delivered to the tumor and by decreasing hematologic toxicity, thereby allowing an increased amount of radionuclide to be administered. Because humanized anti-CD22 epratuzumab can be given repeatedly, a single-center study was conducted to establish the feasibility, safety, optimal dosing, and preliminary efficacy of weekly administrations of 90Y-labeled 1,4,7,10-tetra-azacyclodecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid-conjugated epratuzumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cohorts of three to six patients with B-cell lymphoma received 185 MBq/m2 [90Y]epratuzumab with unconjugated epratuzumab (total protein dose 1.5 mg/kg) once weekly for two to four infusions, with [(111)In]epratuzumab coadministered at first infusion for scintigraphic imaging and dosimetry. RESULTS Sixteen patients received treatment without significant infusional reactions. The overall objective response rate was 62% (95% confidence interval, 39-86%) in both indolent (75%) and aggressive disease (50%). Complete responses (CR/CRu) occurred in 25% of patients and were durable (event-free survival, 14-41 months). Two patients receiving four infusions had hematologic dose-limiting toxicity. Serum epratuzumab levels increased with each weekly dose. Of 13 patients with tumor cell CD22 expression determined by flow cytometry, seven of eight with strongly positive results had objective responses, versus one of five with negative or weakly positive results (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Radioimmunotherapy with weekly 185 MBq/m2 [90Y]epratuzumab achieved a high objective response rate (62%) across lymphoma subtypes, including durable CRs. The findings that three weekly infusions (555 MBq/m2, total dose) can be administered safely with only minor toxicity, that antibody levels increased during treatment weeks, and that therapeutic response predominantly occurs in patients with unequivocal CD22 tumor expression provide guidance for future studies.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Lectins/biosynthesis
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/radiotherapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Treatment Outcome
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Lindén
- Department of Oncology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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35
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Qu Z, Griffiths GL, Wegener WA, Chang CH, Govindan SV, Horak ID, Hansen HJ, Goldenberg DM. Development of humanized antibodies as cancer therapeutics. Methods 2005; 36:84-95. [PMID: 15848077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent success in the development of monoclonal antibody-based anti-cancer drugs has largely benefitted from the advancements made in recombinant technologies and cell culture production. These reagents, derived from the antibodies of mouse origin, while maintaining the exquisite specificity and affinity to the tumor antigens, have low immunogenicity and toxicity in human. High-level expressing cell clones are generated and used to produce large quantities of the recombinant antibodies in bioreactors in order to meet the clinical demand for therapeutic applications. In this report, the systems and general methodologies developed by us to construct and produce humanized antibodies from the parent mouse antibodies are described. Once the humanized antibodies are available, they can be applied in three principal forms for cancer therapy: (1) naked antibodies, (2) drug- or toxin conjugates, and (3) radioconjugates. Using the humanized anti-CD22 (epratuzumab) and anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (ant-CEA; labetuzumab) antibody prototypes, clinical applications of naked and radiolabeled humanized monoclonal antibodies are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxing Qu
- Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ 07950, USA.
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36
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Postema EJ, Frielink C, Oyen WJG, Raemaekers JMM, Goldenberg DM, Corstens FHM, Boerman OC. Biodistribution of 131I-, 186Re-, 177Lu-, and 88Y-Labeled hLL2 (Epratuzumab) in Nude Mice with CD22-Positive Lymphoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2003; 18:525-33. [PMID: 14503946 DOI: 10.1089/108497803322287592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is a new and effective treatment modality in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) hLL2 (epratuzumab), a humanized mAb directed against the CD22 antigen, and which internalizes, can be labeled with various radionuclides. The biodistribution of hLL2 labeled with (131)I, (186)Re, (177)Lu, and (88)Y was studied in nude mice with subcutaneous human lymphoma xenografts in order to determine the most suitable of these four radionuclides for RIT with hLL2. METHODS Human Ramos lymphoma xenografts were transplanted in cyclophosphamide-pretreated athymic BALB/c mice. Four groups of mice were injected intravenously with (131)I-, (186)Re-, (88)Y-, or (177)Lu-labeled hLL2, respectively. To determine the nonspecific tumor uptake, two groups of mice received (88)Y-labeled or (131)I-labeled control antibody, cG250. The biodistribution of the radiolabel was determined 1, 3, and 7 days postinjection (p.i.). RESULTS Radiolabeled hLL2 had a higher tumor uptake than the nonspecific mAb at all time-points, irrespective of the radiolabel used. Tumor accretion of (88)Y- and (177)Lu-hLL2 was higher than tumor uptake of (131)I- and (186)Re-hLL2. Activity in the bone, represented by the femur without bone marrow, was higher for (177)Lu- and (88)Y-hLL2 than for (131)I- and (186)Re-hLL2 on day 7 p.i. CONCLUSION The use of the residualizing radiolabels (88)Y and (177)Lu in combination with a mAb directed against an internalizing antigen resulted in higher uptake and better retention of the radiolabel in the tumor.
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MESH Headings
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules
- Duodenum/metabolism
- Female
- Femur/metabolism
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes/blood
- Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Kidney/metabolism
- Lectins/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Lung/metabolism
- Lutetium/blood
- Lutetium/pharmacokinetics
- Lymphoma/chemistry
- Lymphoma/metabolism
- Lymphoma/radiotherapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Muscles/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Radioisotopes/blood
- Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Rhenium/blood
- Rhenium/pharmacokinetics
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
- Spleen/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/blood
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics
- Yttrium Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst J Postema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UMC Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Immunotherapy directed against the CD20 antigen has had a profound impact on the management of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Antibody-based treatments offer a favorable side effect profile, as well as alternate mechanisms of action that may complement those of cytotoxic modalities. Targeting other antigens, such as CD22, may also result in antilymphoma effects. This B-cell-specific molecule is widely expressed in NHL and mediates important functions in B-cell biology. Preclinical and early clinical data suggest that epratuzumab, a humanized anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody, demonstrates antilymphoma effects in both unlabeled and radiolabeled forms, as well as a favorable safety profile. Ongoing and future studies will further determine the role of epratuzumab among the array of antilymphoma therapies, both as a single agent and in combination with other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby B Siegel
- Center for Lymphoma and Myeloma, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
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Goldenberg DM. Advancing role of radiolabeled antibodies in the therapy of cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2003; 52:281-96. [PMID: 12700944 PMCID: PMC11032890 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-002-0348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2002] [Accepted: 10/03/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the use of radiolabeled antibodies in the therapy of cancer, termed radioimmunotherapy (RAIT). Basic problems concerned with the choice of antibody, radionuclide, and physiology of the tumor and host are discussed, followed by a review of the pertinent clinical publications of various radioantibody constructs in the treatment of hematopoietic and solid tumors of diverse histopathology, grade, and stage, and in different clinical settings. Factors such as dose rate delivered, tumor size, and radiosensitivity play a major role in determining therapeutic response, while target-to-nontarget ratios and, particularly, circulating radioactivity to the bone marrow determine the principal dose-limiting toxicities. RAIT appears to be gaining a place in the therapy of hematopoietic neoplasms, such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: several agents are advancing in clinical trials toward registration, and one has recently been approved by the FDA. Although RAIT of solid tumors has shown less progress, use of pretargeting strategies, such as an affinity-enhancement system consisting of bispecific antibodies separating targeting from delivery of the radiotherapeutic, appears to enhance tumor-to-nontumor ratios, and may increase radiation doses to tumors more selectively than directly labeled antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Goldenberg
- Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NJ 07109, USA.
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Kaplan BLF, Yu DC, Clay TM, Nishimura MI. Redirecting T lymphocyte specificity using T cell receptor genes. Int Rev Immunol 2003; 22:229-53. [PMID: 12745641 DOI: 10.1080/08830180305227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Redirecting T cells by transferring T cell receptor (TCR) genes from tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-reactive T cell clones into human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) has therapeutic potential for the treatment of diseases, including cancer. T cell specificity can be altered using retroviruses encoding TCRalpha and TCRbeta chain genes, or chimeric immunoglobulin (cIg) genes containing signaling domains of CD3 zeta or Fc epsilon RI-gamma. This review evaluates recent studies using TCRs and cIgs to redirect T cell specificity and discusses some of the technical and biological hurdles that need to be addressed before these approaches can be successfully used to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L F Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Multani P. Development of radioimmunotherapy for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Int J Hematol 2002; 76:401-10. [PMID: 12512834 DOI: 10.1007/bf02982805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal of radioimmunotherapy (RIT) is to target radiation to tumor tissue with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies while limiting toxicity to normal cells. Radionuclide emission properties and the chemical stability of radioimmunoconjugates are important factors that contribute to the effectiveness of RIT. A 1994 review of early clinical trials with RIT in treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) reported a 40% response rate with nonmyeloablative doses of yttrium 90 (90Y) or iodine 131 (131I) antibodies. Of the radiolabeled antibodies currently in pivotal trials or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, those targeted to the CD20 antigen have produced the highest response rates. Response rates for ibritumomab tiuxetan, the recently approved RIT for NHL, ranged from 74% in rituximab-refractory patients to 80% in the pivotal trial. The iodine-labeled anti-B1 antibody has been evaluated in previously treated and previously untreated patients with NHL. In the pivotal trial, previously treated patients achieved a response rate of 65%, whereas previously untreated patients had a 97% response rate. Radiolabeled anti-HLA DR has been evaluated in NHL patients and has demonstrated a 53% response rate. Murine antibody LL2, which recognizes the CD22 antigen, has been radiolabeled with 90Y and 131I, with response rates ranging from 15% to 33%. The development of radioimmunotherapy has led to meaningful advances in the treatment of B-cell NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Multani
- Medical Affairs, IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Behr TM. Is high-dose radioimmunotherapy needed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? For. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002; 29:1248-54. [PMID: 12418465 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-002-0928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Behr
- Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Philipps-University of Marburg, Baldingerstrasse, 35043 Malburg, Germany.
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Leonard JP, Link BK. Immunotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with hLL2 (epratuzumab, an anti-CD22 monoclonal antibody) and Hu1D10 (apolizumab). Semin Oncol 2002; 29:81-86. [DOI: 10.1053/sonc.2002.30149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ma D, McDevitt MR, Barendswaard E, Lai L, Curcio MJ, Pellegrini V, Brechbiel MW, Scheinberg DA. Radioimmunotherapy for model B cell malignancies using 90Y-labeled anti-CD19 and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Leukemia 2002; 16:60-6. [PMID: 11840264 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2001] [Accepted: 07/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with beta(-) particle emitting radionuclides targeting the CD20 antigen on B cells in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma has provided the most compelling human clinical data for the success of RIT. CD19, like CD20, is an antigen expressed on the surface of cells of the B lineage, and CD19 may provide an alternative target for radioimmunotherapy of B cell neoplasms. CD19 has been largely overlooked as a target for conventional 131I RIT, because the antigen rapidly internalizes upon binding of antibody, resulting in catabolism and significant release of 131I. Such modulation may be an advantage to RIT with radiometals such as 90Y, 177Lu, 213Bi and 225Ac. Herein, we have compared beta(-) particle RIT with antibodies targeting either CD19 or CD20. The anti-CD19 and anti-CD20 antibodies, B4 or C2B8, respectively, were appended with the SCN-CHX-A''-DTPA bifunctional chelating agent and labeled with 90Y. In the tumor model used, there were three times as many CD20 target sites on lymphoma cells as compared to CD19 sites (62000 vs 20000 binding sites, respectively). We compared the efficacy of the 90Y-labeled antibodies to reduce lymphoma in a nude mouse xenograft solid tumor model, after measurable lymphoma appeared. Reduction in tumor size began at day 3 in all three 90Y-treated groups, but tumor began to recur in many animals 9 days after the treatments. There was one cure in each specific treatment group. In contrast, the tumor in the two control groups showed no regression. There was a significant prolongation of median survival time from xenograft (P < 0.0001) in all the 90Y-labeled antibody construct-treated groups (32 days for 0.15 mCi 90Y-B4; 26 days for 0.20 mCi 90Y-C2B8, and 23 days for 0.15 mCi 90Y-C2B8) in comparison to the two control groups (11 days for 0.02 mg of C2B8 and 9 days for untreated growth controls). Specificity of the radioimmunotherapy was also shown. In conclusion, 90Y-labeled anti-CD19 antibody has efficacy comparable to 90Y-labeled anti-CD20 antibody in the treatment of mice bearing human lymphoma xenografts. These data suggest that CD19-targeted RIT merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Foulon CF, Welsh PC, Bigner DD, Zalutsky MR. Positively charged templates for labeling internalizing antibodies: comparison of N-succinimidyl 5-iodo-3-pyridinecarboxylate and the D-amino acid peptide KRYRR. Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:769-77. [PMID: 11578897 DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated internalization of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as those specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), can lead to rapid loss of radioactivity from the target cell. In the current study, the anti-EGFRvIII mAb L8A4 was radioiodinated using two methods -N-succinimidyl 5-iodo-3-pyridinecarboxylate (SIPC) and via a D-amino acid peptide LysArgTyrArgArg (D-KRYRR). Paired-label internalization assays performed on EGFRvIII-expressing U87DeltaEGFR cells in vitro demonstrated that labeling L8A4 using D-KRYRR resulted in significantly higher retention of radioiodine in the intracellular compartment. In athymic mice with D256 human glioma xenografts, tumor uptake was similar for both labeling methods through 24 hr. However, an up to fourfold higher tumor retention was observed for mAb labeled with the D-amino acid peptide at later time points. Radiation absorbed dose calculations based on these biodistribution data indicated that L8A4 labeled using D-KRYRR exhibited better tumor-to-normal-organ radiation dose ratios, suggesting that this labeling method may be of particular value for labeling internalizing mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Foulon
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Post Office Box 3808, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Stein R, Govindan SV, Chen S, Reed L, Spiegelman H, Griffiths GL, Hansen HJ, Goldenberg DM. Successful therapy of a human lung cancer xenograft using MAb RS7 labeled with residualizing radioiodine. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2001; 39:173-80. [PMID: 11418314 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that a radioiodinated, DTPA-appended peptide, designated IMP-R1, is a residualizing iodine label that overcomes many of the limitations that have impeded the development of residualizing iodine for clinical use. In this study the potential of 131I-IMP-R1-RS7, an internalizing anti-EGP-1 monoclonal antibody, was evaluated by performing preclinical therapy studies in nude mice bearing Calu-3 human non-small cell carcinoma of the lung xenografis. Elimination of 6 of 9 established tumors (mean tumor volume=0.3 cm(3)) was observed using a single dose of 350 microCi/mouse of 131I-IMP-R1-RS7, with all animals tolerating the dose. At the same dose and specific activity of 131I-RS7, labeled using the conventional chloramine-T method, there were four deaths, and one complete remission in nine treated mice. At the maximum tolerated dose of conventionally 131I-labeled RS7, 275 microCi, mean stable disease for approximately 5 weeks was observed, with no complete responses. Specificity of the therapeutic effect was shown in an isotype-matched control experiment, where 131I-IMP-R1-RS7 was markedly more effective than the (131)I-IMP-R1-labeled control antibody. These studies demonstrate that (131)I-IMP-R1-RS7 provides a therapeutic advantage in comparison to conventional 131I-labeled RS7, as predicted by the increased tumor accretion observed previously in targeting studies. A direct comparison of the maximum tolerated doses of (131)I-IMP-R1-RS7 (350 microCi) and 90Y-DOTA-RS7 (105 microCi) was performed in this tumor model using large established tumors (mean tumor volume=0.85 cm(3)). Anti-tumor efficacy and toxicity of the two treatments were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stein
- Garden State Cancer Center, 520 Belleville Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109, USA.
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Goldenberg DM. The role of radiolabeled antibodies in the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: the coming of age of radioimmunotherapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2001; 39:195-201. [PMID: 11418316 DOI: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the current clinical status of radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) in the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), as a prototype of the advances of RAIT in the management of cancer. Four radiolabeled antibody products are progressing towards commercialization for the RAIT of NHL: 131I-tositumomab (Bexxar), 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan, 90Y-epratuzumab (hLL2), and 131I-Lym-1. All except epratuzumab are murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) labeled with an isotope, except that ibritumomab (Zevalin) adds chimeric rituximab to the product, whereas epratuzumab is solely a humanized Mab. Bexxar and Zevalin target CD20, epratuzumab binds to CD22, and Lym-1 reacts with HLA-DR. Clinical studies have shown that all four antibody products can be safe and efficacious. Bexxar has been shown to induce responses that are relatively better than the prior chemotherapy, and has also been shown to be effective in combination with chemotherapy as a frontline therapy of low-grade and transformed NHL. However, since it is a fully murine Mab, it did show a approximately 60% HAMA rate in untreated patients. Zevalin has been found to be more effective than rituximab, its naked chimeric Mab counterpart, as well as in chemotherapy-relapsed low-grade NHL patients. Both radiolabeled epratuzumab and Lym-1 have shown efficacy in patients who have failed chemotherapy, either with low-grade or aggressive forms of NHL. It appears that Bexxar and Zevalin will be the first two radiolabeled antibodies that may be available for widespread use in the U.S., and will mark the final introduction of RAIT as an approved cancer treatment modality. Future studies will help define the role of these RAIT products in the management of NHL, especially as part of a multimodal therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Goldenberg
- Garden State Cancer Center, Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, 520 Belleville Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109, USA.
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Abstract
Despite testing since the mid-1900s, only in the past three years have some monoclonal antibodies provided sufficient efficacy and safety data to support regulatory approval as cancer therapy. Adjuvant-edrecolomab monoclonal antibody was approved in Germany after demonstration of a statistically significant 32% improvement over observation alone in the seven-year mortality rate for patients with colorectal cancer. Similarly, trastuzumab monoclonal antibody combined with chemotherapy prolonged the median time to the progression of breast cancer compared to chemotherapy alone. Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies investigated for the treatment of hematologic malignancies include anti-idiotype, CAMPATH-1, and rituximab. Rituximab was the first such therapy approved in the United States for relapsed or refractory low-grade or follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma after demonstration of an overall response rate of 48% and a duration of response of 11.7 months. The radioisotope-conjugated monoclonal antibodies tested as therapy include anti-B1, LYM-1, LL2, anti-CD33, and ibritumomab tiuxetan. Clearly, the full potential of immunotherapy still lies ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A White
- IDEC Pharmaceuticals Corporation, 3030 Callan Road, San Diego, California 92121; e-mail:
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