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Abd El-Ghany WA. Potential Effects of Garlic ( Allium sativum L.) on the Performance, Immunity, Gut Health, Anti-Oxidant Status, Blood Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Poultry: An Updated Comprehensive Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:498. [PMID: 38338142 PMCID: PMC10854602 DOI: 10.3390/ani14030498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics as growth promoters or for the prevention of some poultry diseases has faced global concern and serious criticism. Their addition to poultry feed has shown hazardous effects, including the development of antimicrobial resistance and a potentially harmful effect on human health. To eliminate these threats, there is increasing interest in natural alternatives. Plant derivatives such as garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its derivatives are presently extensively used in the poultry production system. The dietary supplementation of broilers and layers with garlic induced improvement in the production parameters, carcass quality, and intestinal integrity. The modulation of the immune response against some important viral diseases has resulted from the supplementation of poultry with garlic. Moreover, garlic has been shown to modulate gut health through antibacterial and antiparasitic activities. Treatment with garlic can also mitigate oxidative stress and reduce free-radical production. The reduction of cholesterol levels and improvement of some liver and blood parameters were also reported following the dietary inoculation of garlic. This review was designed to investigate the influence of garlic as a dietary additive on the performance, immunity, gut health, anti-oxidant status, blood parameters, and intestinal microbiota of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Abd El-Ghany
- Poultry Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
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Alqhtani AH, Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Al-Garadi MA, Ali ABA. Serum biochemistry indices, leukogram, carcass variables and intestinal measurements of Eimeria tenella-infected or non-infected broilers treated with dietary Cinnamomum verum bark. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2150630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud I. Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed B. A. Ali
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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Amrane-Abider M, Imre M, Herman V, Debbou-Iouknane N, Saci F, Boudries H, Madani K, Merzouk H, Ayad A. Opuntia Ficus-Indica Peel By-Product as a Natural Antioxidant Food Additive and Natural Anticoccidial Drug. Foods 2023; 12:4403. [PMID: 38137207 PMCID: PMC10742707 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to valorize the Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) by-products by extracting and identifying their biochemical compounds and evaluating their antioxidant potential by in vitro activities (DPPH radical and FRAP), as well as their capacity to stabilize margarine oxidation (rancimat test). In addition, their in vitro anticoccidial effect on the destruction of Eimeria oocysts isolated from naturally infected chickens was also targeted. Microwaves and response surface methodology tools were used to extract the maximum amount of phenolic compounds (42.05 ± 0.46 GAE mg/g DW of total phenolic compounds in 90 s at 400 watts). Moreover, the effect of extraction factors was also studied. Eight phenolic compounds, including isorhamnetin, dihydrokaempferol, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, were identified. The findings confirmed that OFI peel extract has strong antioxidant activities (DPPH radical, ferric reducing power). The rancimat test shows that OFI peel extract improves margarine stability by 3.2 h. Moreover, it has a notable destruction rate of Eimeria oocysts (30.06 ± 0.51%, LC50: 60.53 ± 0.38 mg/mL). The present investigation offers promise for the reuse of food waste as natural margarine additives, protection of the environment, and substitution of anticoccidial synthetic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Amrane-Abider
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (M.A.-A.); (K.M.)
| | - Mirela Imre
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Nedjima Debbou-Iouknane
- Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
| | - Fairouz Saci
- Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt.), Ali Mendjli Nouvelle Ville UV 03, BP E73, Constantine 25000, Algeria;
| | - Hafid Boudries
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.B.); (H.M.)
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Khodir Madani
- Centre de Recherche en Technologies Agroalimentaires, Route de Targa Ouzemmour, Campus Universitaire, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (M.A.-A.); (K.M.)
| | - Hafida Merzouk
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria; (H.B.); (H.M.)
- Laboratory of Biomathematics, Biochemistry, Biophysics and Scientometrics, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Abdelhanine Ayad
- Department of Environment Biological Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria;
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Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Sadr S, Amiri AA, Tavanaee Tamannaei AE, Charbgoo A, Ghiassi S, Dianat B. Anticoccidial effects of tannin-based herbal formulation ( Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) against coccidiosis in broilers. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:820-828. [PMID: 38009158 PMCID: PMC10667194 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01627-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian coccidiosis is considered among the infectious disease of high cost in the poultry industry. Herbal extracts are safe and reliable substitute anticoccidial drugs for chemical feed additives as they do not sequel to drug resistance and tissue remnants. Objective The current study aimed to assess the anticoccidial effect of an herbal complex of 3 plants (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) in broiler chickens compared to toltrazuril anticoccidial. Methods This experiment used one hundred twenty broiler chickens and divided them into four equally numbered groups. All the groups, except group (D), were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. (E. tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group (A) was treated with a herbal mixture, containing 75% Quercus infectoria with a minimum of 30% total tannin, 16% Artemisia annua with a minimum of 0.02% artemisinin, and 9% Allium sativum with a minimum of 0.4% total phenol contents. Group (B) was treated with toltrazuril. Group (C) did not have any treatment. Group (D) was healthy all the experiment period as a negative control group. During a 42-day breeding period, the study examined clinical signs, weight gains, feed conversion ratio, lesions scoring, casualties, and the number of oocysts in different bird groups. Results Group (D) showed the most significant weight gain, indicating the economic damage caused by coccidiosis. The best feed conversion ratio was observed in the unchallenged group, and coccidiosis negatively affected it in other groups. Clinical signs of dysentery, diarrhea, and lethargy were seen post-challenge but improved with treatment. Group (D) showed no losses; others had casualties and coccidiosis lesions. Lesion scores were lowest in the group (D), and the herbal mixture improved performance. The herbal mixture and toltrazuril reduced oocyst counts in feces earlier than the untreated group. Conclusion In conclusion, the anticoccidial activity of the mentioned herbal complex recommends its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghaniei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Ali Charbgoo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shakila Ghiassi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Ewais O, Abdel-Tawab H, El-Fayoumi H, Aboelhadid SM, Al-Quraishy S, Falkowski P, Abdel-Baki AAS. Administration of Ethanolic Extract of Spinacia oleracea Rich in Omega-3 Improves Oxidative Stress and Goblet Cells in Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella. Molecules 2023; 28:6621. [PMID: 37764396 PMCID: PMC10534835 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anticoccidial activity of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) whole-plant extract against Eimeria tenella, both in vitro and in vivo. For this purpose, one hundred 8-day-old broiler chicks of both sexes were divided into four groups (n = 25 in each group). Chicks in the first group served as the negative control (non-treated-non-infected). Chicks in the second group were challenged at 18 days old with 5 × 104E. tenella sporulated oocysts. The third group was challenged with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts at 18 days old after receiving spinach extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg at 8 days old. The fourth group received 0.2 mg/kg diclazuril (Coxiril® 0.2%) in their diet two days before being orally infected with 5 × 104 sporulated E. tenella oocysts and this continued till day 10 post-infection (PI). The growth performance, clinical symptoms, oocyst shedding, histological findings, and biochemical parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy on day 8 PI when the infection was at its peak. A gas chromatography examination revealed that omega-3 fatty acids were the main constituents of the spinach extract, followed by oleic acid, palmitic acid, and phytol, with amounts of 23.37%, 17.53%, 11.26%, and 7.97%, respectively. The in vitro investigation revealed that the spinach extract at concentrations of 10% and 5% inhibited the oocyst sporulation by 52.1% and 45.1%, respectively. The 5% concentration was selected for the in vivo trial based on the results of the in vitro study. The infected-untreated group showed high levels of OPG; lower body weight; a greater number of parasite stages; few goblet cells; decreased SOD, CAT, and GPX levels; and increased MDA and NO levels. The spinach-treated group, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease in oocyst output per gram of feces (OPG), increased body weight, decreased parasitic stages, and a nearly normal number of goblet cells. Additionally, it reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). In conclusion, spinach produced significant antioxidant effects, increased body weight, reduced the number of oocysts and parasite stages in the caecum, and restored the number of goblet cells relative to those of an uninfected control. Furthermore, spinach extract inhibits the sporulation percentage of E. tenella oocysts. The ethanolic extract of S. oleracea (whole plant) contained high concentrations of fatty acids, palmitic acid, Phytol, betulin, and ursolic aldehyde, all of which are known to regulate the antioxidant pathway and modulate inflammatory processes and may be the main reason for its anticoccidial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Ewais
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Heba Abdel-Tawab
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Huda El-Fayoumi
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
| | - Shawky M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh12211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Piotr Falkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Abdel-Azeem S. Abdel-Baki
- Department of Parasitology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt (H.A.-T.); (A.-A.S.A.-B.)
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Khan M, Chand N, Naz S, Khan RU. Dietary tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil as alternative to antibiotics alleviates experimentally induced Eimeria tenella challenge in Japanese quails. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:643-649. [PMID: 35468230 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Coccidiosis is one of the most common infectious diseases seen in Japanese quails. The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of tea tree essential oil (TTEO) on growth performance and intestinal health of quails in response to Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 250 Japanese quails were divided into five treatments: untreated uninfected (negative control); untreated infected (positive control); infected + Amprolium; infected and 1% TTEO; infected and 2% TTEO. Except negative control, all groups were orally dosed with 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella. The results revealed that supplementation of 1% TTEO and treatment of amprolium improved feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio in infected quails compared to the positive control. Similarly, lesion score and mortality was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced in quails supplemented with 2% TTEO and amprolium treated birds. Moreover, oocysts counts and histological features of caecum in infected birds were reversed in 1% TTEO and amprolium treatment. The histological findings of amprolium and 1% TTEO supplemented quails showed intact intestinal villi with mild sloughed epithelium. In conclusion, 1% TTEO can be safely used to control coccidiosis in Japanese quails as natural effective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashal Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rifat U Khan
- The University of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Abo-Aziza FAM, El-Metenawy TM, Rabie NS, Hassan ER, Elbayoumi KM, Mekky HM, Girh ZMSA, Bosila MA. Comparative study between chemical anticoccidial medication and natural prepared products on experimentally infected broiler chickens. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:101-112. [PMID: 36910323 PMCID: PMC9998798 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to compare well established used chemical anticoccidial medication (diclazuril) against natural prepared safe alternative products of garlic extract (GE), Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves extract, onion extract (OE), in order to control experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella species in chickens. Performance parameter in form of average body weight (ABW) and feed conversion rate (FCR) were studied together with biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), mortality rate, oocyst count in addition to total white blood cell (WBCs), lymphocytes and heterophils counts. Histopathological examination of intestinal tract in all test groups was studied. Results revealed that the lowest mortality rate was found in group treated with MO leaves extract. All challenged herbal extract treated groups revealed ABW and FCR lower than diclazuril treated infected group. All treated groups were lower in both average lesion score and average oocyst count two weeks post challenge when compared with control positive group indicate positive impact of all studied therapies either chemical or herbal products but with variable degrees as best effect was diclazuril followed by MO group, followed by GE group and finally group treated with OE. Experimental infection of chickens with E. tenella oocysts significantly increased MDA concentration when compared with control negative non-treated group (P < 0.01). However, infected birds fed with OE, GE, MO leaves extracts and diclazuril administration for a week pre-infection had significantly declined MDA concentrations compared with infected non-treated (P < 0.01). Control positive birds showed significant decrease in SOD and CAT activities vs. the healthy birds either at week pre-infection or at two days' post-infection (P < 0.01). However, SOD activities in birds fed with OE, MO leaves extract and diclazuril for a week pre-infection significantly higher (P < 0.01) than control positive. Histopathological finding revealed that best was group treated with diclazuril followed by group received MO, followed by group received GE and finally group received OE. It could be concluded that herbal extract may be representing a good alternative anticoccidial medications specially that the later may developed resistance for many Eimeria species in continuous use in veterinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A. M. Abo-Aziza
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T. M. El-Metenawy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa S. Rabie
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman R. Hassan
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kh. M. Elbayoumi
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda M. Mekky
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. A. Bosila
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Ghafouri SA, Ghaniei A, Tamannaei AET, Sadr S, Charbgoo A, Ghiassi S, Abuali M. Evaluation of therapeutic effects of an herbal mixture (Echinacea purpurea and Glycyrrhiza glabra) for treatment of clinical coccidiosis in broilers. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:829-836. [PMID: 36253639 PMCID: PMC10029886 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian coccidiosis is thought to be one of the most expensive infectious diseases in the poultry industry. OBJECTIVES Safe and alternative anti-coccidial drugs are herbal extracts because they do not result in tissue residue and drug resistance. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-coccidial effect of the herbal mixture, a complex of two plants (Echinacea purpurea, Glycyrrhiza glabra) in broiler chickens in comparison with toltrazuril. METHODS One hundred twenty broiler chickens were used in this experiment and divided into 4 equally numbered groups. All the groups, except Group D, were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. (E. Tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group A treated with an herbal mixture [Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract 5% (standardised to 5.4% glycyrrhizic acid) and Echinacea purpurea Extract 2% (standardised to 4% total phenolic content based on chlorogenic acid); Coxinin-EC® ; Shamim Teb Sepid Giti]. Group B treated with toltrazuril. Group C was experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. but they did not have any treatment, this group was our positive control. Performance indices, faecal oocyst excretion, and intestinal lesion score were determined during the experiment. RESULTS Positive control group had the poorest results and more mortality than other groups. Group D was not infected and was healthy all the experiment period. Treatment with herbal complex significantly reduced the negative performance and pathogenic effects associated with Eimeria spp. at a level that was comparable with toltrazuril. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the anti-coccidial activity of the studied herbal complex suggests its use as an alternative anti-coccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis in poultry. HIGHLIGHTS -Coccidiosis is an important infectious disease that causes serious financial loss to the poultry industry. -Chemical anti-coccidial drugs and vaccines are the main control strategies to combat the disease. However, these tools have some constraints. -Herbal remedies are suitable alternatives to chemical compounds for control of losses associated with coccidiosis in poultry. -An herbal mixture (Echinacea purpurea, Glycyrrhiza glabra) has promising effects for controlling of coccidiosis in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Ghafouri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ghaniei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Charbgoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shakila Ghiassi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morteza Abuali
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
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Dietary organic zinc and probiotic alleviate induced Eimeria tenella infection in Japanese quails model of coccidiosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:37. [PMID: 36630021 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of organic zinc (OZn) and probiotic on growth performance, oocysts number, and histological features of cecum of quails following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 480 Japanese quails were distributed into six treatments as follows: untreated uninfected; untreated infected; E. tenella challenge + amprolium; E. tenella challenge + OZn; E. tenella challenge + probiotic; and E. tenella challenge + OZn + probiotic. Except untreated uninfected, all groups were orally gavaged at day 8 with 5 × 104 E. tenella sporulated oocysts. Supplementation of OZn + probiotic improved (P = 0.001) growth performance compared to the untreated infected group. Lesion score of intestine and mortality was lower (P < 0.01) in quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic. Moreover, oocysts per gram (OPG) and histological dimensions of cecum in challenged birds were alleviated in OZn + probiotic. The histological findings of quails supplemented with OZn + probiotic showed normal intestinal villi with gentle sloughed epithelium. We concluded that OZn + probiotic may be safely included in the diet of Japanese quails to control coccidiosis.
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Ishaq R, Chand N, Khan RU, Saeed M, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Methanolic extract of neem ( Azadirachta indica) leaves mitigates experimentally induced coccidiosis challenge in Japanese quails. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2096037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ishaq
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Department of Poultry Science, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Vito Laudadio
- DETO – Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- DETO – Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
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Zhu Z, Zhao S, Wang C. Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antiviral, and Antiparasitic Activities of Peganum harmala and Its Ingredients: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134161. [PMID: 35807407 PMCID: PMC9268262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have always been the number one enemy threatening health and well-being. With increasing numbers of infectious diseases, growing resistance of pathogens, and declining roles of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, it is becoming increasingly difficult to treat new infectious diseases, and there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics to change the situation. Natural products tend to exhibit many special biological properties. The genus Peganum (Zygophyllaceae) has been used, for a long time, to treat cough, asthma, lumbago, hypertension, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease. Over the past two decades, a growing number of studies have shown that components from Peganum harmala Linn and its derivatives can inhibit a variety of microorganisms by inducing the accumulation of ROS in microorganisms, damaging cell membranes, thickening cell walls, disturbing cytoplasm, and interfering with DNA synthesis. In this paper, we provide a review on the antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities of P. harmala, with a view to contribute to research on utilizing P. harmala for medicinal applicaitons and to provide a reference in the field of antimicrobial and a basis for the development of natural antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Tomato pomace waste as safe feed additive for poultry health and production – a review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tomato cultivation and industrial processing produce a considerable amount of tomato pomace, peels, and seeds, which are difficult to handle. These by-products contain a variety of minerals and bioactive substances, and may thus be further valorized, generating additional revenue for processing plants while also decreasing environmental issues caused by their buildup. The inclusion of tomato pomace in poultry feed has been shown to produce promising effects in poultry growth and health, however the results are largely inconsistent. Literature has documented improvement in growth, egg production and quality, immunological and antioxidant effects in poultry. This review has complied the impacts of tomato pomace on the growth and health indices of poultry.
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Farinacci P, Mevissen M, Ayrle H, Maurer V, Sørensen Dalgaard T, Melzig MF, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal Plants for Prophylaxis and Therapy of Common Infectious Diseases In Poultry-A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:200-217. [PMID: 34359086 DOI: 10.1055/a-1543-5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants for prophylaxis and therapy of common infectious diseases in poultry have been studied for several years. The goal of this review was to systematically identify plant species and evaluate their potential in prophylaxis and therapy of common diseases in poultry caused by bacteria and gastrointestinal protozoa. The procedure followed the recommendations of the PRISMA statement and the AMSTAR measurement tool. The PICOS scheme was used to design the research questions. Two databases were consulted, and publications were manually selected, according to predefined in- and exclusion criteria. A scoring system was established to evaluate the remaining publications. Initially, 4197 identified publications were found, and 77 publications remained after manual sorting, including 38 publications with 70 experiments on bacterial infections and 39 publications with 78 experiments on gastrointestinal protozoa. In total, 83 plant species from 42 families were identified. Asteraceae and Lamiaceae were the most frequently found families with Artemisia annua being the most frequently found plant, followed by Origanum vulgare. As compared to placebo and positive or negative control groups, antimicrobial effects were found in 46 experiments, prebiotic effects in 19 experiments, and antiprotozoal effects in 47 experiments. In summary, a total of 274 positive effects predominated over 241 zero effects and 37 negative effects. Data indicate that O. vulgare, Coriandrum sativum, A. annua, and Bidens pilosa are promising plant species for prophylaxis and therapy of bacterial and protozoal diseases in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Farinacci
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Maurer
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Science, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Frick, Switzerland
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Qaid MM, Mansour L, Al-Garadi MA, Alqhtani AH, Al-abdullatif AA, Qasem MA, Murshed MA. Evaluation of the anticoccidial effect of traditional medicinal plants, Cinnamomum verum bark and Rumex nervosus leaves in experimentally infected broiler chickens with Eimeria tenella. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2033139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamjed Mansour
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A. Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen H. Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-abdullatif
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmood A. Qasem
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutee A. Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Combinatorial Effect of Dietary Oregano Extracts and 3,4,5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid on Growth Performance and Elimination of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2022; 59:233-246. [PMID: 35989693 PMCID: PMC9346594 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0210116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to compare the combinatorial effect of 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (THB) and oregano extracts (OE) with THB alone on the growth performance and elimination of deleterious effects in coccidiosis-infected broilers. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments, with six replicates each, for 35 days. Dietary treatments were: 1) non-challenged, non-treated (NC); 2) challenged, non-treated (PC); 3) PC+ Salinomycin (0.05 g/kg; AB); 4) PC+THB (0.1 g/kg; THB); and 5) PC+THB+OE (0.1 g/kg; COM). On day 14, all groups except for NC were challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine to induce mild coccidiosis. All treatments significantly improved (P<0.05) body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, compared to PC, on days 21, 28, and 35. However, all treatments significantly reduced (P<0.05) the feed conversion ratio of PC by more than 14.60% on day 35, 11.76% during growing period, and 10.36% through the entire period. Broilers receiving anticoccidial treatments had 54.23% and 51.86% lower lesion scores (P<0.05) at 4 and 7 days post-infection, respectively, compared to PC. Additionally, the villus height of COM was significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of THB. Although the molecular action of COM remains unclear, OE addition to THB reduced the shedding of oocysts better than THB alone (P<0.05, 9-11 days post-infection). Most importantly, COM effectively minimized the mortality of challenged birds from as high as 11.90% (PC) to 0%, a level similar to NC and AB, while THB maintained a mortality of 2.38%. In conclusion, the anticoccidial effect of THB can be enhanced by the addition of OE for better animal performance and the elimination of deleterious effects from coccidiosis-infected broilers for 35 days.
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Yu M, Jeon JO, Cho HM, Hong JS, Kim YB, Nawarathne SR, Wickramasuriya SS, Yi YJ, Lee H, Wan V, Ng NKJ, Tan CH, Heo JM. Broiler responses to dietary 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid and oregano extracts under Eimeria challenge conditions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1362-1375. [PMID: 34957450 PMCID: PMC8672266 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a combination 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic
acid (THB) and oregano extracts (i.e., Carvacrol and Thymol) at intake/dietary different levels
on growth performance, intestinal health indicators, immune responses and fecal oocyst shedding
in broiler chickens under Eimeria challenged condition. A total of 336
one-day-old broilers were randomly assigned to one of six dietary treatments with seven
replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were: i) Non-challenged bird without any dietary
treatment (NCNT), ii) Challenged bird without any dietary treatment (CNT), iii) Challenged
birds fed a THB diet (0.1 g/kg, THB), iv) Challenged birds fed a combination of THB and oregano
extracts diet (0.1 g/kg, COM 100), and a gradual increase of combination of THB and oregano
extracts likely v) 0.15 g/kg (COM 150), and 0.2 g/kg (COM 200). On day 14, all groups except
for NCNT have orally challenged with a 10-fold dose of Livacox® T anticoccidial vaccine
to trigger coccidiosis. The results indicated that Eimeria-challenged broilers
fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p < 0.05) body weight than CNT
diet on day 35. Furthermore, birds fed COM 100 and COM 200 diets increased (p
< 0.05) average daily gain compared to those fed CNT diets for the entire experimental
period. There is no significant (p > 0.05) in average daily feed
intake, feed efficiency between NCNT and birds fed with combined THB and oregano extracts for
the entire experimental period. A combination of THB and oregano extract regardless of
concentration levels or THB alone reduced (p < 0.05) lesion score in
ileum compared to the CNT diet for 7 days post-infection (dpi). Birds fed COM 100 diet had
lower (p < 0.05) intestinal lesion scores in jejunum and caeca on 7 dpi
compared to those were in the CNT diet. No (p > 0.05) difference was
observed in the oocysts per gram of feces count, intestinal morphology, carcass traits and
blood cytokine concentration among the infected treatments. Collectively, we conclude that
birds fed with a combination of THB and oregano extracts regardless of the ratios that were
used demonstrated better recovery of health after the coccidial challenge than using only THB
alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Oh Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jun Seon Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Yu Bin Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Shan Randima Nawarathne
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | - Young-Joo Yi
- Department of Agricultural Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hans Lee
- Kemin Industries, 758200, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Jung Min Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Khan RU, Khan A, Naz S, Ullah Q, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V, Ragni M. Potential Applications of Moringa oleifera in Poultry Health and Production as Alternative to Antibiotics: A Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1540. [PMID: 34943752 PMCID: PMC8698404 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of developing bacterial resistance and increased public awareness of health and food safety problems, the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in the chicken industry has been outlawed. This problem has spurred the poultry industry and sector to explore for safe antibiotic alternatives and to focus on developing better long-term feed management solutions in order to improve chicken health and growth. As a result, phytogenics have developed as natural antibiotic alternatives, with a lot of potential in the poultry industry. Moringa oleifera has gotten a lot of attention from researchers in the recent past as a natural product with a lot of health advantages for poultry. Moringa is known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic properties, as well as its capacity to activate digestive enzymes in the stomach, owing to the presence of hundreds of essential ingredients. The potential influence of M. oleifera as a natural feed supplement on overall gut health, nutritional digestibility, blood biochemical profile, antioxidant benefits, antibacterial potential, and immunological response is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (R.U.K.); (Q.U.)
| | - Aamir Khan
- Directorate General (Research), Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar 10320, Pakistan;
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan; (R.U.K.); (Q.U.)
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Marco Ragni
- Department of Agro-Environmental and Territorial Science, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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18
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Boonhok R, Sangkanu S, Chuprom J, Srisuphanunt M, Norouzi R, Siyadatpanah A, Mirzaei F, Mitsuwan W, Wisessombat S, de Lourdes Pereira M, Rahmatullah M, Wilairatana P, Wiart C, Ling LC, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Peganum harmala Extract Has Antiamoebic Activity to Acanthamoeba triangularis Trophozoites and Changes Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes. Pathogens 2021; 10:842. [PMID: 34357992 PMCID: PMC8308471 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Peganum harmala, a well-known medicinal plant, has been used for several therapeutic purposes as it contains numerous pharmacological active compounds. Our study reported an anti-parasitic activity of P. harmala seed extract against Acanthamoeba triangularis. The stress induced by the extract on the surviving trophozoites for Acanthamoeba encystation and vacuolization was examined by microscopy, and transcriptional expression of Acanthamoeba autophagy-related genes was investigated by quantitative PCR. Our results showed that the surviving trophozoites were not transformed into cysts, and the number of trophozoites with enlarged vacuoles were not significantly different from that of untreated control. Molecular analysis data demonstrated that the mRNA expression of tested AcATG genes, i.e., ATG3, ATG8b, and ATG16, was at a basal level along the treatment. However, upregulation of AcATG16 at 24 h post treatment was observed, which may indicate an autophagic activity of this protein in response to the stress. Altogether, these data revealed the anti-Acanthamoeba activity of P. harmala extract and indicated the association of autophagy mRNA expression and cyst formation under the extract stress, representing a promising plant for future drug development. However, further identification of an active compound and a study of autophagy at the protein level are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Mayuna Srisuphanunt
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran;
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Farzaneh Mirzaei
- Department Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 14188-15971, Iran;
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Sueptrakool Wisessombat
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Lalmatia, Dhaka 1209, Bangladesh;
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Selangor 43500, Malaysia;
| | - Lim Chooi Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences (SMIMS), Sikkim 737102, India;
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (R.B.); (M.S.); (S.W.)
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Al-Mekhlafi FA, Abutaha N, Alhaga SK, Al-Wadaan M. Effects of Peganum harmala L. Seed Extract on Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241338. [PMID: 34161425 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases result in the loss of life and economy, primarily in subtropical and tropical countries, and the emerging resistance to insecticides is increasing this threat. Botanical insecticides are promising substitutes for synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the larvicidal and growth index of Culex pipiens of four solvent extracts of Terminalia chebula, Aloe perryi, and Peganum harmala against Cx. pipiens. None of the 12 extracts exhibited larvicidal potential against third instars except the ethyl acetate extract of P. harmala. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 value was 314.88 ppm, and the LC90 value was 464.19 ppm. At 320 ppm, the hatchability was 25.83%, and it resulted in 100% mortality. In addition, the eggs treated with the EtOAc extract of P. Harmala exhibited a long larval period compared with the control. The larval period continued for 12 days, and the pupal period took three days in the treatment groups. The growth index data also exhibited a decrease (0.00-7.53) in the treated groups compare with 8.5 in the control. The transformation of eggs into adults decreased with increasing concentrations. This paper is the first report on the development and growth index of Cx. pipiens potential using P. harmala seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Al-Mekhlafi
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Bioproducts Research Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Thamar University, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Agricultural Production, Thamar , Yemen
| | - N Abutaha
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Bioproducts Research Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S K Alhaga
- King Khalid University, College of Science and Arts, Biology Department, Muhayl Asser, Saudi Arabia.,Ibb University, College of Science, Biology Department, Ibb, Yemen
| | - M Al-Wadaan
- King Saud University, College of Science, Department of Zoology, Bioproducts Research Chair, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Protective Effect of Grape ( Vitis vinifera) Seed Powder and Zinc-Glycine Complex on Growth Traits and Gut Health of Broilers Following Eimeria tenella Challenge. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020186. [PMID: 33672923 PMCID: PMC7918881 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to evaluate the impact of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed powder and zinc-glycine complex on growth parameters and cecal health of broiler following Eimeria tenella challenge. A total of 250 day-old male broilers (Hubbard) were distributed into five treatments as follows: I-negative control (basal diet); II-positive control (E. tenella challenge); III-group infected + Amprolium; IV-group coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 2.5 g/kg; V-coccidial infection + organic zinc (OZ) at 50 ppm + grape seed powder (GSP) at 5.0 g/kg. From findings, a lower (p < 0.05) feed intake was noted for positive control compared to the other treatment groups. Conversely, higher (p < 0.05) body weight, dressing percentage, and feed conversion ratio were observed in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 treatments in comparison to the positive control. Moreover, the positive control showed severe cecal lesions of thickness and hemorrhages with mild congestion. The lesion scores decreased (p < 0.05) in GSP and OZ treated groups compared to the positive control. Significant (p < 0.05) lower oocyst per gram of feces was found in infected + Amprolium, GSP2.5 + OZ50, and GSP5 + OZ50 in comparison to positive control. Supplementing diet with GSP and OZ at both levels showed restoration of intense sloughing of villi. From the present findings, it can be concluded that OZ and grape seed powder positively ameliorated the growth performance, lesion score, and oocysts shedding in broilers infected with E. tenella.
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21
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Anti-Coccidial Effect of Rumex Nervosus Leaf Powder on Broiler Chickens Infected with Eimeria Tenella Oocyst. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010167. [PMID: 33445749 PMCID: PMC7828199 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eimeria tenella pathogens belong to the Eimeriidae family and the Apicomplexa phylum, which invades the cecal epithelium of birds, resulting in massive injury and economic loss. We evaluated the ameliorative effect of Rumex nervosus (RN) leaf powder against E. tenella-induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Chickens infected with E. tenella were treated with 1, 3, and 5 g/kg RN, respectively. Salinomycin sodium (Sacox®), an anti-coccidial agent, was used as a reference drug. Results have shown that RN contains Gallic acid and 13 phytochemicals, which require further investigation in vitro or in vivo to ascertain whether the anti-coccidial activity, if there, is a direct or indirect link to reduce the number of fecal oocysts in the bird. The lesion score and bloody diarrhea were also decreased after infection. Moreover, the coccidial challenge adversely affected (p < 0.05) the performance measurements in the RN- and Sacox-treated groups compared with the uninfected–unmedicated control (NC) group. Interestingly, these parameters were positively affected by natural and synthetic treatments compared with infected–unmedicated control (PC); however, the values were not significant. In conclusion, RN at the highest dose is a promising shrub with a moderate anti-coccidial activity when used to cure avian coccidiosis. Abstract Coccidiosis a huge economic burden in poultry farms where the pathogen Eimeria harms animal well-being and survival. Besides synthetic anti-coccidial drugs, natural herbs appear to be an alternative way to prevent avian coccidiosis. Rumex nervosus (RN), a phytogenic shrub, has received considerable attention in recent years due to its significant anti-microbial effects; however, limited knowledge exists about its potential anti-coccidial functions. This study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic and therapeutic activities of RN leaf powder in broilers infected with Eimeria tenella. Infected chickens received a commercial diet containing 1, 3, or 5 g RN powder/kg diet compared to infected broilers that treated with Sacox (PC) or compared to uninfected broilers that received a commercial diet alone (NC). Results showed that RN powder significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the lesion scores and suppressed the output of oocysts per gram (OPG) in chickens’ feces. Although RN was unable to minimize the weight gain loss due to emeriosis, RN at level 1 g improved the feed conversion ratio. Therefore, RN powder, at 5 g, possesses moderate anti-coccidial effects and hence could be used to treat avian coccidiosis in field conditions; however, further studies are required to investigate, in vitro or in vivo, the anti-coccidial potential of active ingredients.
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22
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Dorababu A. Indole - a promising pharmacophore in recent antiviral drug discovery. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1335-1353. [PMID: 34095843 PMCID: PMC8126882 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bicyclic molecule indole has been in the limelight because of its numerous pharmacological potencies. It is used as an excellent scaffold in drug discovery of medicinal drugs such as antimicrobials, anticancer agents, antihypertensives, anti-proliferative agents and anti-inflammatory agents. In spite of its diverse therapeutic activity, it is used as a key pharmacophore in synthesizing the most potent biological agents. Besides, viral infections are ubiquitous and their prevention and cure have become a great challenge. In this regard, the design of indole-containing antiviral drugs is accomplished to combat viral infections. A lot of research is being carried out towards antiviral drug discovery by many researchers round the clock. Herein, the antiviral activity of recently discovered indole scaffolds is compiled and critically evaluated to give a meaningful summary. In addition, the structure-activity relationship of remarkable antiviral agents is discussed. Also, the structural motifs attributed to noteworthy antiviral properties are highlighted to guide future antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Chemistry, SRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali-583219 Karnataka India
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Qaid MM, Al-Mufarrej SI, Azzam MM, Al-Garadi MA. Anticoccidial effectivity of a traditional medicinal plant, Cinnamomum verum, in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100902. [PMID: 33518353 PMCID: PMC7936149 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticoccidial influences of various amounts of Cinnamomum verum powder were compared with that of salinomycin as standard synthetic anticoccidial drug on the anticoccidial indicators and production performance in broilers experimentally exposed to coccidiosis. Broiler chicks at 1 d of age (n = 150) were arbitrarily distributed into 6 groups. Birds from groups 1–3 were received the starter and finisher diets plus 2, 4, and 6 g of cinnamon/kg of the diet, respectively. Birds from group 4 were fed the starter and finisher diets plus 66 mg of salinomycin, group 5 constituted the positive control (PC), with the coccidial challenge, and group 6 constituted the negative control (NC), without the coccidial infection, which were both maintained on diets without any cinnamon. The results showed that BW gain, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency factor declined considerably (P < 0.05) in the PC compared with the NC. At seventh day postinfection (DPI), the lesion score was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the ceca of salinomycin-treated birds than the PC. The anticoccidial index was moderate in the chickens treated with salinomycin and 6 g cinnamon at 7 DPI compared with those in the PC group. In addition, cinnamon- or salinomycin-treated birds exhibited lower oocyst values and higher oocyst reduction rate than those in the PC. We concluded that C. verum at level 6 g cinnamon/kg diet moderately reduced coccidiosis and attempted to improved BW, feed conversion ratio, and production efficiency at 7 DPI compared with the infected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Qaid
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen.
| | - Saud I Al-Mufarrej
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 1145, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Veterinary Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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Cheng H, Zhang H, Xu G, Peng J, Wang Z, Sun B, Aouameur D, Fan Z, Jiang W, Zhou J, Ding Y. A Combinative Assembly Strategy Inspired Reversibly Borate-Bridged Polymeric Micelles for Lesion-Specific Rapid Release of Anti-Coccidial Drugs. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:155. [PMID: 34138187 PMCID: PMC7770674 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS A combined assembly strategy from hydrophobicity-driving and reversible borate bridges is proposed for high drug-loading efficiency and superior stability. Intestinal environment-triggered drug delivery system represents an effective treatment for local infection due to the site-specific targeting and shuttling of drugs. The reduced dosage brought by the drug-loading micelles could solve the problem of drug residue in breeding industry. ABSTRACT Stimuli-triggered drug delivery systems hold vast promise in local infection treatment for the site-specific targeting and shuttling of drugs. Herein, chitosan conjugates (SPCS) installed with sialic acid (SA) and phenylboronic acid (PBA) were synthesized, of which SA served as targeting ligand for coccidium and reversible-binding bridge for PBA. The enhanced drug-loading capacity of SPCS micelles was attributed to a combination assembly from hydrophobicity-driving and reversible borate bridges. The drug-loaded SPCS micelles shared superior biostability in upper gastrointestinal tract. After reaching the lesions, the borate bridges were snipped by carbohydrates under a higher pH followed by accelerated drug release, while SA exposure on micellar surface facilitated drug cellular internalization to eliminate parasites inside. The drug-micelles revealed an enhanced anti-coccidial capacity with a higher index of 185.72 compared with commercial preparation. The dual-responsive combination of physicochemical assembly could provide an efficient strategy for the exploitation of stable, safe and flexible anti-infectious drug delivery systems. [Image: see text] ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (10.1007/s40820-020-00495-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gujun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Djamila Aouameur
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhechen Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Ahmad Z, Hafeez A, Ullah Q, Naz S, Khan RU. Protective effect of Aloe vera on growth performance, leucocyte count and intestinal injury in broiler chicken infected with coccidiosis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1773473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Hafeez A, Ullah Z, Khan RU, Ullah Q, Naz S. Effect of diet supplemented with coconut essential oil on performance and villus histomorphology in broiler exposed to avian coccidiosis. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2499-2504. [PMID: 32377969 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current research study was designed to determine the inclusion of 2% dietary essential coconut oil with and without coccidiosis challenge on performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal histomorphology in broilers. A total of 560 broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups and then subdivided into 5 replicates. Coconut oil was used at 2% in feed, whereas coccidiosis challenged was introduced using 30,000 oocysts. The other four groups were designated as G1 (without coconut oil and without oocysts), G2 (without coconut oil with oocysts), G3 (with coconut oil without oocysts), and G4 (with coconut oil and with oocysts). The results revealed that the overall feed consumption was significantly (P < 0.01) increased in G1 and G2 than G3 and G4 groups. Overall weight gain was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in G3 compared with all other groups. Significantly (P < 0.01) better feed conversion ratio was recorded at the finisher phase in G3 and G4 groups in comparison with G1 and G2. The villus length, width, and surface area were higher (P < 0.01) in G3 compared with G2. Based on the findings of the present study, it was concluded that the use of 2% coconut oil in broiler feed improved growth performance and villus histology during coccidial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Hafeez
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ullah
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Qudrat Ullah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Shah M, Zaneb H, Masood S, Khan RU, Ashraf S, Sikandar A, Rehman HFU, Rehman HU. Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Zinc and Multi-Microbe Probiotic on Growth Traits and Alteration of Intestinal Architecture in Broiler. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:931-937. [PMID: 29680883 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to investigate the effect of different levels of zinc (Zn) and a probiotic on the growth and intestinal health of broiler chickens. One hundred ninety-two-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 6 groups. The birds were supplemented with Zn (30 and 60 mg/kg) and a probiotic mixture alone or in combination with Zn. The results revealed that the broilers receiving a probiotic mixture alone or in combination with Zn (30 and 60 mg) increased (P < 0.05) final body weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and total goblet cell count in duodenum compared with the control group. Morphometry of the duodenum also revealed an increase (P < 0.05) in villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH and crypt depth in all the supplemented groups, whereas ileal VH increased (P < 0.05) only in Zn60 group when compared with control. Based on our results, we concluded that compared to the individual supplementation, the combined effect of Zn and probiotic mixture was superior in improving the growth performance and histomorphology of the intestine; however, the effect of two levels of Zn did not vary when combined with probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muqader Shah
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Zaneb
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Saima Masood
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saima Ashraf
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arbab Sikandar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Faseeh Ur Rehman
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ur Rehman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Alhotan RA, Abudabos A. Anticoccidial and antioxidant effects of plants derived polyphenol in broilers exposed to induced coccidiosis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14194-14199. [PMID: 30864034 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The comparative anticoccidial effects of herbal products with a standard synthetic anticoccidial drug on the production performance, intestinal histology, and some blood biochemical parameters in broilers exposed to experimental coccidiosis was investigated. One-day-old broiler chicks (n = 336) were randomly distributed into six groups. One group served as a control, the second was treated with the coccidial infection, the third was treated with synthetic anticoccidial drug (Elancoban), the fourth group was treated with an herbal product (Cozante), the fifth group of birds was treated with Norponin, and the sixth group was treated with Emanox. The results indicated that BWG, BW, FCR, and PEF decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the positive control. Body weight gain, BW, and PEF were significantly (P < 0.01) high in Elancoban-treated birds. On day 25, lesion score was significantly (P < 0.01) low in duodenum, jejunum, and ceca in Elancoban-treated birds control. On day 30, lesion score was significantly (P < 0.05) low in Emanox-treated birds as compared with the positive control. Albumin concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) low in Emanox while glucose concentration was significantly (P < 0.01) high in all the treated groups compared with the positive control birds. The total antioxidant capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) high in Emanox on day 15 and 30 as compared with the positive control. The results showed that birds exposed to the natural anticoccidial products showed improved villi and total antioxidant capacity. We concluded that herbal products performed better than the positive control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashed A Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaeldein Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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29
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Ali M, Chand N, Khan RU, Naz S, Gul S. Anticoccidial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2019.1573731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ali
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Naila Chand
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Naz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sina Gul
- Regional Investment Funds for Agriculture (RIFA), Afghan Valued-Chain for Livestock, Kabul, Afghanistan
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30
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Zhang X, Xu G, Gadora K, Cheng H, Peng J, Ma Y, Guo Y, Chi C, Zhou J, Ding Y. Dual-sensitive chitosan derivative micelles for site-specific drug release in the treatment of chicken coccidiosis. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14515-14526. [PMID: 35540782 PMCID: PMC9079931 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a “dual-sensitive” drug delivery platform packaged with anti-coccidia drug diclazuril (DIC) applied in the field of intestinal-targeted administration.
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31
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Anti HSV-2 activity of Peganum harmala (L.) and isolation of the active compound. Microb Pathog 2017; 114:291-298. [PMID: 29223449 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted disease caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Nucleoside analogues such as acyclovir (ACV) are the usual therapy for treating HSV infection. However, the overuse of this drug has led to the emergence of resistant strains. Therefore, the search for new alternative or complementary molecules to overcome this obstacle is needed. In this objective, Peganum harmala was investigated for its HSV-2 activity. The organic extracts of the different plant organs were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on Vero cells by the MTT test and anti HSV-2 activity by plaque reduction assay. Only the methanol seeds extract was active with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and a selectivity index (SI) of 161 and 13.2 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the study of the antiviral mode of action revealed that this extract exerts a virucidal action both during the entry of viruses and the release of the newly formed virions, whereas no cell protection effect was observed. The active compound was isolated by bio-guided purification using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and identified by GC-MS and HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn as harmine. The combination of harmine standard compound with ACV showed a combination index (CI) of 0.5 indicating that these two compounds have a synergic effect. This data suggests that harmine could be associated to ACV to improve the treatment of genital herpes essentially for the immunocompromised patients.
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32
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Abudabos AM, Alyemni AH, Dafalla YM, Khan RU. The effect of phytogenics on growth traits, blood biochemical and intestinal histology in broiler chickens exposed to Clostridium perfringens challenge. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1383258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alaeldein M. Abudabos
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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33
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In vivo effects of Allium cepa L. on the selected gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology in broiler. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:446-450. [PMID: 28495367 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of onion (Allium cepa L.,) on the performance, gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology of broiler chicks. Three hundred and twenty day old broiler chicks (Ross) were randomly divided into four groups as A, B, C and D. Group A served as control without any supplementation, group B, C and D was supplemented with onion powder at the rate of 1.5, 2 and 2.5g/kg of feed respectively. Supplementation of onion significantly (P<0.05) increased weight gain and feed consumption. Supplementation of onion showed a significant (P<0.05) reduction in the population of E. coli and increased significantly Lactobacillus and Streptococcus species. Onion supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the morphometry of length, width, crypt depth and surface area of the villus in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. In conclusion, onion supplementation in broiler produced a positive effect on performance, gut microflora and intestinal histomorphology.
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Yelaware Puttaswamy N, Urooj A. In Vivo Antihypercholesterolemic Potential of Swietenia mahagoni Leaf Extract. CHOLESTEROL 2016; 2016:2048341. [PMID: 27818794 PMCID: PMC5081902 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2048341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to evaluate antihypercholesterolemic potential of Swietenia mahagoni leaf aqueous extract (MAE) in diet-induced hypercholesterolemic rat model. In the study, Wistar albino rats (170-220 g) were segregated into 5 groups; all the groups except normal control group were given high fat diet to induce hypercholesterolemia. After induction of cholesterolemia, normal control and positive control groups were treated with saline, statin group was treated with atorvastatin, and remaining two groups received MAE in two doses (250 and 500 mg kg-1 BW) for a treatment period of one month. After the treatment period, weight of rats was recorded and they were anesthetized and decapitated. Blood samples were taken and triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, malondialdehyde (MDA), and urea were determined. Liver and kidney were taken for the estimation of lipid peroxides. The positive control group showed higher values of triglycerides (109 ± 5.1 mg/dL), total cholesterol (134 ± 4.6 mg/dL), LDL-C (44 ± 1.2 mg/dL), MDA, and bile acid content when compared to a normal control group (triglycerides (89 ± 3.2 mg/dL), total cholesterol (72 ± 3.4 mg/dL), and LDL-C (28 ± 1.2 mg/dL)). Treatment with MAE decreased the cholesterol levels, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and bilirubin levels and the effect was dependent on the dose. The results of this study indicated that MAE possesses hypolipidemic potential and thus could be useful in the treatment of hypercholesterolemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asna Urooj
- Department of Studies in Food Science and Nutrition, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, India
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35
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Khan S, Khan RU, Sultan A, Khan M, Hayat SU, Shahid MS. Evaluating the suitability of maggot meal as a partial substitute of soya bean on the productive traits, digestibility indices and organoleptic properties of broiler meat. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:649-56. [PMID: 26847519 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to replace soya bean meal with maggot meal at difference percentages. A total of 120 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into four groups. Four diets were formulated with maggot meal to replace soya bean meal at the rate of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% designated as A, B, C and D respectively. Feed and water were offered ad libitum during the study which lasted for 28 days. Feed intake decreased significantly in treated groups while body weight, Feed conversion ratio and dressing percentage increased significantly in group D. Apparent metabolizable energy increased significantly in the group fed 30% maggot meal; however, no significant difference was found in dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash and nitrogen free extract between the control and treated groups. The result of sensory evaluation revealed that tenderness and juiciness increased significantly in group C and B respectively. The colour and flavour were most accepted in group B and C. The results indicate that replacement of soya bean meal at the rate of 30% in broiler feed produced most favourable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - R U Khan
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Animal production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Sultan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M Khan
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S U Hayat
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - M S Shahid
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
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36
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, He X. Cytotoxic Constituents and Mechanism from Peganum harmala. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:961-8. [PMID: 27273342 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peganum harmala L. is a traditional Chinese and Uygur medicine used to treat cancer. Bioactivity-guided fractionation was applied to determine the cytotoxic constituents from P. harmala. A novel triterpenoid and a phenolic glycoside were isolated and identified, as well as seven known compounds. The novel metabolites were elucidated to be 3α-acetoxy-27-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid methyl ester (1, OA) and N-acetyl-9-syringinoside (9). Some compounds exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human tumor cells. Among them, OA showed the highest cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells A549 with an IC50 value of 8.03 ± 0.81 μm. OA had a potent anti-NSCLC cell activity by interfering with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and its downstream signaling, and could exert an antiproliferative effect by inactivation of EGFR-driven antiapoptotic pathway followed by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, which might prove to be a promising leading compound for the development of an anti-lung cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, P. R. China
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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37
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Chand N, Faheem H, Khan RU, Qureshi MS, Alhidary IA, Abudabos AM. Anticoccidial effect of mananoligosacharide against experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14414-21. [PMID: 27068898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find the effect of mananoligosacharide (MOS) in comparison with amprolium hydrochloride on performance and integrity of gut in experimentally induced coccidiosis in broiler. A total of 300, day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) was randomly allocated to four treatments. Each group was further divided into five replicates of 15 birds each. Group A was kept as control; group B was contaminated with Eimeria tenella, while groups C and D were infected with E. tenella and treated with MOS (0.8 g/kg feed) and anticoccidial drug, amprolium hydrochloride (12 g/100 l water), respectively. The results showed that weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in infected + MOS-treated group compared to the other groups. The result of oocyte per gram (OPG) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the group infected with coccidiosis during 5th, 7th, 10th, and 12th day post infection (dpi). Furthermore, the OPG was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in infected groups treated with MOS and amprolium at the studied periods (5, 7, and 10 dpi). At 12 dpi, the infected group treated with MOS showed significantly lower OPG compared to the other groups suggesting the effectiveness of MOS in comparison to amprolium. The result of pinpoint hemorrhages, thickness of cecal wall, bloody fecal contents, and mucoid contents in the cecum were significant highly (P < 0.05) in birds fed with infected oocytes. It was also noted that the differences were not significant in these parameters between amprolium and MOS-treated birds showing the effectiveness of the prebiotic agent. It was concluded from the results of the present study that MOS improved growth performance and reversed the lesions of E. tenella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Chand
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Faheem
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Subhan Qureshi
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaeldein M Abudabos
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Evaluation of Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects of Peganum harmala Seeds in Diabetic Rats. CHOLESTEROL 2016; 2016:7389864. [PMID: 27190643 PMCID: PMC4848417 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7389864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties of hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. In an experimental study, 64 normal Wistar albino male rats (200–230 g) were randomly divided into 8 groups. Control and diabetic rats were treated with normal saline and three different doses (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds for 4 weeks orally. At the end of treatment, blood samples were taken and glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TCA), ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) were determined. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed significant changes in the values of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, MDA, TAC, ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, and HbA1C in comparison with normal rats. Administration of the extract to diabetic rats resulted in a remarkable decrease in glucose, lipid profiles, MDA, ALT, AST, GGT, bilirubin, and HbA1C levels and increase in TAC relative to diabetic group. The results of this study indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds possesses antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activities and could be useful in treatment of diabetes.
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Lan L, Zuo B, Ding H, Huang Y, Chen X, Du A. Anticoccidial evaluation of a traditional chinese medicine—Brucea javanica—in broilers. Poult Sci 2016; 95:811-8. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang Y, He X. Cytotoxic indole alkaloids against human leukemia cell lines from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:4507-18. [PMID: 26540074 PMCID: PMC4663518 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity-guided fractionation was used to determine the cytotoxic alkaloids from the toxic plant Peganum harmala. Two novel indole alkaloids, together with ten known ones, were isolated and identified. The novel alkaloids were elucidated to be 2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and 3-hydroxy-3-(N-acetyl-2-aminoethyl)-6-methoxyindol-2-one (3). The cytotoxicity against human leukemia cells was assayed for the alkaloids and some of them showed potent activity. Harmalacidine (compound 8, HMC) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against U-937 cells with IC50 value of 3.1 ± 0.2 μmol/L. The cytotoxic mechanism of HMC was targeting the mitochondrial and protein tyrosine kinase signaling pathways (PTKs-Ras/Raf/ERK). The results strongly demonstrated that the alkaloids from Peganum harmala could be a promising candidate for the therapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yihai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiangjiu He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang CH, Zeng H, Wang YH, Li C, Cheng J, Ye ZJ, He XJ. Antitumor quinazoline alkaloids from the seeds of Peganum harmala. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:595-600. [PMID: 26166311 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2015.1042373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on the methanol extracts from the seeds of Peganum harmala L. led to a new quizonaline alkaloid (S)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and four known ones, (R)-vasicinone-1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2), (S)-vasicinone (3), vasicine (4), and deoxyvasicinone (5). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and specific rotation as well as by comparison of the data with those in the literature. All of the alkaloids were screened for antiproliferative activity against human gastric cancer cells MCG-803 with MTT method. Compounds 1 and 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University , Wuhan 430071 , China
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