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Gu F, Lu H, Lyu B, Zhang Q, Jiao B, Tang J. Seasonal migration pattern of an important rice pest, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), on Hainan Island, China. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:933-941. [PMID: 38682556 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) (BPH), is a major, regionally migratory pest of rice in Asia. Despite intensive migratory studies, the seasonal migratory pattern of this species in the year-round breeding region (i.e., Hainan Island) remains largely unknown. To understand the migration dynamics, we conducted relevant research based on BPH light trap catches on Hainan in 2017-2022. Results showed that the occurrence dynamics of BPH in Hainan oscillated in different years and seasons. Overall, there are 4 migration peak periods on Hainan, with outbound peak periods in April-May and August-September and inbound peak periods in June and October. Trajectory and wind fields showed that in August-September, Hainan had complex meteorological conditions, and the outbound paths of BPH were variable, mainly landing in southeastern Guangxi and southwestern Guangdong. In contrast, April-May was influenced by southeasterly winds, with a wider outbound range and a further distance, landing along northeastern Vietnam from west to east toward Guangxi and Guangdong areas with time. Wind-rain fields, trajectory, and hydrogen isotope showed that in June, southwesterly winds transported BPH northward from the Indochina peninsula, where it was hindered by rainfall in the Leizhou Peninsula area and the migrants will be "rained out" into Hainan. Identically, in October, the interactions between northeasterly winds and rainfall belts on the southwest shore of Hainan increased the opportunities for BPH to migrate southward to reach Hainan. Our results suggest that Hainan is not only an important source of BPH migrating from East Asia but also plays the role of a bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxiong Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Baoqian Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jihong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Huang J, Feng H, Drake VA, Reynolds DR, Gao B, Chen F, Zhang G, Zhu J, Gao Y, Zhai B, Li G, Tian C, Huang B, Hu G, Chapman JW. Massive seasonal high-altitude migrations of nocturnal insects above the agricultural plains of East China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317646121. [PMID: 38648486 PMCID: PMC11067063 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317646121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-distance migrations of insects contribute to ecosystem functioning but also have important economic impacts when the migrants are pests or provide ecosystem services. We combined radar monitoring, aerial sampling, and searchlight trapping, to quantify the annual pattern of nocturnal insect migration above the densely populated agricultural lands of East China. A total of ~9.3 trillion nocturnal insect migrants (15,000 t of biomass), predominantly Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Diptera, including many crop pests and disease vectors, fly at heights up to 1 km above this 600 km-wide region every year. Larger migrants (>10 mg) exhibited seasonal reversal of movement directions, comprising northward expansion during spring and summer, followed by southward movements during fall. This north-south transfer was not balanced, however, with southward movement in fall 0.66× that of northward movement in spring and summer. Spring and summer migrations were strongest when the wind had a northward component, while in fall, stronger movements occurred on winds that allowed movement with a southward component; heading directions of larger insects were generally close to the track direction. These findings indicate adaptations leading to movement in seasonally favorable directions. We compare our results from China with similar studies in Europe and North America and conclude that ecological patterns and behavioral adaptations are similar across the Northern Hemisphere. The predominance of pests among these nocturnal migrants has severe implications for food security and grower prosperity throughout this heavily populated region, and knowledge of their migrations is potentially valuable for forecasting pest impacts and planning timely management actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, CornwallTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Hongqiang Feng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - V. Alistair Drake
- School of Science, UNSW Canberra, The University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT2610, Australia
- Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT2617, Australia
| | - Don R. Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, KentME4 4 TB, United Kingdom
- Department of Computational and Analytical Sciences, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, HertsAL5 2JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Boya Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Guoyan Zhang
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Junsheng Zhu
- Shandong Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jinan, Shandong250100, China
| | - Yuebo Gao
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Gongzhuling, Jilin136100, China
| | - Baoping Zhai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Caihong Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Pest Control, Key Laboratory for Integrated Crop Pests Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China, International Joint Research Laboratory for Crop Protection of Henan, No. 0 Entomological Radar Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Henan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan450002, China
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
| | - Jason W. Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, CornwallTR10 9FE, United Kingdom
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu210095, China
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Neta A, Levi Y, Morin E, Morin S. Seasonal forecasting of pest population dynamics based on downscaled SEAS5 forecasts. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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Song XY, Peng YX, Gao Y, Zhang YC, Ye WN, Lin PX, Gao CF, Wu SF. Resistance Monitoring of Nilaparvata lugens to Pymetrozine Based on Reproductive Behavior. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050428. [PMID: 37233057 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the inhibition effects of pymetrozine on the reproductive behavior of N. lugens, we established a bioassay method to accurately evaluate the toxicity of pymetrozine in N. lugens and clarified the level of pymetrozine resistance of N. lugens in the field. In this study, pymetrozine's effects on the fecundity of N. lugens were evaluated using the topical application method and rice-seedling-dipping method. Moreover, the resistance of N. lugens to pymetrozine in a pymetrozine-resistant strain (Pym-R) and two field populations (YZ21 and QS21) was determined using the rice-seedling-dipping method and fecundity assay methods. The results showed that treatment of N. lugens third-instar nymphs with LC15, LC50, and LC85 doses of pymetrozine resulted in a significantly reduced fecundity of N. lugens. In addition, N. lugens adults treated with pymetrozine, using the rice-seedling-dipping and topical application method, also exhibited a significantly inhibited fecundity. Using the rice-stem-dipping method, pymetrozine resistance levels were shown to be high in Pym-R (194.6-fold), YZ21 (205.9-fold), and QS21 (212.8-fold), with LC50 values of 522.520 mg/L (Pym-R), 552.962 mg/L (YZ21), and 571.315 (QS21) mg/L. However, when using the rice-seedling-dipping or topical application fecundity assay method, Pym-R (EC50: 14.370 mg/L, RR = 12.4-fold; ED50: 0.560 ng/adult, RR = 10.8-fold), YZ21 (EC50: 12.890 mg/L, RR = 11.2-fold; ED50: 0.280 ng/adult; RR = 5.4-fold), and QS21 (EC50: 13.700 mg/L, RR = 11.9-fold) exhibited moderate or low levels of resistance to pymetrozine. Our studies show that pymetrozine can significantly inhibit the fecundity of N. lugens. The fecundity assay results showed that N. lugens only developed low to moderate levels of resistance to pymetrozine, indicating that pymetrozine can still achieve effective control on the next generation of N. lugens populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Song
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Peng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan-Chao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen-Nan Ye
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Pin-Xuan Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhou Y, Zhang H, Liu D, Khashaveh A, Li Q, Wyckhuys KA, Wu K. Long-term insect censuses capture progressive loss of ecosystem functioning in East Asia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade9341. [PMID: 36735783 PMCID: PMC9897670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Insects provide critical ecosystem services such as biological pest control, in which natural enemies (NE) regulate the populations of crop-feeding herbivores (H). While H-NE dynamics are routinely studied at small spatiotemporal scales, multiyear assessments over entire agrolandscapes are rare. Here, we draw on 18-year radar and searchlight trapping datasets (2003-2020) from eastern Asia to (i) assess temporal population trends of 98 airborne insect species and (ii) characterize the associated H-NE interplay. Although NE consistently constrain interseasonal H population growth, their summer abundance declined by 19.3% over time and prominent agricultural pests abandoned their equilibrium state. Within food webs composed of 124 bitrophic couplets, NE abundance annually fell by 0.7% and network connectance dropped markedly. Our research unveils how a progressive decline in insect numbers debilitates H trophic regulation and ecosystem stability at a macroscale, carrying implications for food security and (agro)ecological resilience during times of global environmental change.
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Zhang XY, Huang L, Liu J, Zhang HB, Qiu K, Lu F, Hu G. Migration Dynamics of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in the Yangtze River Delta. INSECTS 2023; 14:127. [PMID: 36835696 PMCID: PMC9961294 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Yangtze River Delta, located in East China, is an important passage on the eastern pathway of the northward migration of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) in China, connecting China's year-round breeding area and the Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize area. Clarifying the migration dynamics of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta is of great significance for the scientific control and prevention of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta, even in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and Northeast China. This study is based on the pest investigation data of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta from 2019 to 2021, combining it with the migration trajectory simulation approach and the synoptic weather analysis. The result showed that S. frugiperda migrated to the Yangtze River Delta in March or April at the earliest, and mainly migrated to the south of the Yangtze River in May, which can be migrated from Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan and other places. In May and June, S. frugiperda migrated further into the Jiang-Huai region, and its source areas were mainly distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui and Hubei provinces. In July, it mainly migrated to the north of Huai River, and the source areas of the insects were mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei and Henan. From the south of the Yangtze River to the north of the Huai River, the source areas of S. frugiperda were constantly moving north. After breeding locally, S. frugiperda can not only migrate to other regions of the Yangtze River Delta, but also to its surrounding provinces of Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Shandong and Hebei, and even cross the Shandong Peninsula into Northeast China such as Liaoning and Jilin provinces. Trajectory simulation showed that the emigrants of S. frugiperda from the Yangtze River Delta moved northward, westward and eastward as wind direction was quite diverse in June-August. This paper analyzes the migration dynamics of S. frugiperda in the Yangtze River Delta, which has important guiding significance for the monitoring, early warning and the development of scientific prevention and control strategies for whole country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Le Huang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Liu
- China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhang
- Plant Protection and Plant Quarantine Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China
| | - Kun Qiu
- Plant Protection Station of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Fang Lu
- Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201103, China
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Rahman MM, Nam H, Choi N, Kim J. Development of Molecular-Based Species Identification and Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Molecular Diagnosis of Three Major Asian Planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:124. [PMID: 36835693 PMCID: PMC9962309 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Asian planthoppers (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) that include brown planthoppers (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens, Stål), white-backed planthoppers (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera, Horváth), and small brown planthoppers (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus, Fallén) are the primary sucking-type pests of rice. These three insects share morphological and sequence similarities. As insecticide resistance patterns and control strategies vary according to species, the accurate discrimination of these species is important. Here, we developed six species-specific primers based on partial mitochondrial genome sequences. The primers were successfully used in multiplex PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays, and conventional PCR. Here, we used genomic DNA obtained using the DNA-releasing technique (tissue samples were incubated at 95 °C for 5 min with 30 μL nuclease-free water, and the supernatant was used). We showed that multiplex PCR could analyze the density of each species following a mass collection in the field; the LAMP assay can diagnose the species within 40 min; conventional PCR can be widely applied to a large number of field samples, as well as individuals or mass collections. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential of the species-specific primers and DNA-releasing technique for accurate multiplex PCR and LAMP assays, which may assist the intensive field monitoring of integrated management of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md-Mafizur Rahman
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Science, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Hwayeun Nam
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Incheon International Airport Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Incheon 22382, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakjung Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Juil Kim
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
- Program of Applied Biology, Division of Bio-Resource Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Wang J, Huang Y, Huang L, Dong Y, Huang W, Ma H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Chen X, Xu Y. Migration risk of fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda) from North Africa to Southern Europe. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141470. [PMID: 37077648 PMCID: PMC10106561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of globalization and agriculture trade, as well as its own strong migratory capacity, fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) has invaded more than 70 countries, posing a serious threat to the production of major crops in these areas. FAW has now also been detected in Egypt in North Africa, putting Europe, which is separated from it only by the Mediterranean Sea, at high risk of invasion. Therefore, this study integrated multiple factors of insect source, host plant, and environment to provide a risk analysis of the potential trajectories and time periods of migration of FAW into Europe in 2016~2022. First, the CLIMEX model was used to predict the annual and seasonal suitable distribution of FAW. The HYSPLIT numerical trajectory model was then used to simulate the possibility of the FAW invasion of Europe through wind-driven dispersal. The results showed that the risk of FAW invasion between years was highly consistent (P<0.001). Coastal areas were most suitable for the expansion of the FAW, and Spain and Italy had the highest risk of invasion, with 39.08% and 32.20% of effective landing points respectively. Dynamic migration prediction based on spatio-temporal data can enable early warning of FAW, which is important for joint multinational pest management and crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yanru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Linsheng Huang, ; Yingying Dong,
| | - Yingying Dong
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linsheng Huang, ; Yingying Dong,
| | - Wenjiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hansu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunlei Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis and Application, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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Iost Filho FH, Pazini JDB, Alves TM, Koch RL, Yamamoto PT. How does the digital transformation of agriculture affect the implementation of Integrated Pest Management? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.972213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated pest management (IPM) has greatly influenced farming in the past decades. Even though it has been effective, its adoption has not been as large as anticipated. Operational issues regarding crop monitoring are among the reasons for the lack of adoption of the IPM philosophy because control decisions cannot be made unless the crop is effectively and constantly monitored. In this way, recent technologies can provide unique information about plants affected by insects. Such information can be very precise and timely, especially with the use of real-time data to allow decision-making for pest control that can prevent local infestation of insects from spreading to the whole field. Some of the digital tools that are commercially available for growers include drones, automated traps, and satellites. In the future, a variety of other technologies, such as autonomous robots, could be widely available. While the traditional IPM approach is generally carried out with control solutions being delivered throughout the whole field, new approaches involving digital technologies will need to consider adaptations in the concepts of economic thresholds, sampling, population forecast, injury identification, and ultimately the localized use of control tactics. Therefore, in this paper, we reviewed how the traditional IPM concepts could be adapted, considering this ongoing digital transformation in agriculture.
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Anand R, Singh SP, Sahu N, Singh YT, Mazumdar-Leighton S, Bentur JS, Nair S. Polymorphisms in the hypervariable control region of the mitochondrial DNA differentiate BPH populations. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:987718. [PMID: 38468808 PMCID: PMC10926497 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.987718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens) is one of India's most destructive pests of rice. BPH, a monophagous migratory insect, reported from all major rice-growing ecosystems of the country, is capable of traversing large distances and causing massive crop loss. A crucial step for developing viable management strategies is understanding its population dynamics. Very few reliable markers are currently available to screen BPH populations for their diversity. In the current investigation, we developed a combinatorial approach using the polymorphism present within the mitochondrial Control Region of BPH and in the nuclear genome (genomic simple sequence repeats; gSSRs) to unravel the diversity present in BPH populations collected from various rice-growing regions of India. Using two specific primer pairs, the complete Control Region (1112 to 2612 bp) was PCR amplified as two overlapping fragments, cloned and sequenced from BPH individuals representing nine different populations. Results revealed extensive polymorphism within this region due to a variable number of tandem repeats. The three selected gSSR markers also exhibited population-specific amplification patterns. Overall genetic diversity between the nine populations was high (>5%). Further, in silico double-digestion of the consensus sequences of the Control Region, with HpyCH4IV and Tsp45I restriction enzymes, revealed unique restriction fragment length polymorphisms (digital-RFLPs; dRFLPs) that differentiated all the nine BPH populations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of markers developed from the Control Region of the BPH mitogenome that can differentiate populations. Eventually, such reliable and rapid marker-based identification of BPH populations will pave the way for an efficient pest management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Anand
- Plant-Insect Interaction Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Plant Biotic Interaction Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Nihar Sahu
- Agri Biotech Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Suresh Nair
- Plant-Insect Interaction Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Wu Y, Sun SS, Jiang ZY, Chen AD, Ma MY, Zhang G, Zhai BP, Li C. Immigration Pathways of White-Backed Planthopper in the Confluence Area of the Two Monsoon Systems. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1480-1489. [PMID: 35665819 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The white-backed planthopper, WBPH, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) is a plant pest that migrates long-distances. The migration pathway of WBPH in eastern China coincides with the north-south round trip of the East Asian monsoon. However, in Yunnan China, which is affected by two monsoon systems, the migration pathway is unclear. Light-trap data and analysis of female ovarian development showed that the peak period of immigration of WBPH into western Yunnan was earlier than in eastern Yunnan. Using meteorological reanalysis data and flight parameters of WBPH, trajectory modeling showed that there are two immigration pathways to Yunnan. One is from Myanmar to western Yunnan, and the other is from Vietnam and Laos to eastern Yunnan. The reason for the differences in source areas and immigration pathways between eastern and western Yunnan is that the west wind prevails in western Yunnan and is controlled by South Asian monsoon, while southwesterly winds prevail in eastern Yunnan due to the combined influence of South Asian monsoon and East Asian monsoon. The results indicate that WBPH invades Yunnan via two pathways under a two-monsoon system. These data will allow earlier prediction and population management of WBPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Si-Si Sun
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Mountainous Climate and Resources, Guizhou Institute of Mountainous Environment and Climate, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zi-Ye Jiang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Agricultural Transboundary Pests of Yunnan Province, Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China
- Research Team for Innovations in Sustainable Prevention and Control of Agricultural Cross-Border Pests of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650205, China
- Joint Laboratory for Collaborative and Innovative Chinese and South & Southeast Asian Plant Protection Research, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ming-Yong Ma
- Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Zhenjiang Institute of Agricultural Science in Hilly Area of Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang 212400, China
| | - Bao-Ping Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
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12
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Yang S, Bao Y, Zheng X, Zeng J. Effect of the Asian monsoon on the northward migration of the brown planthopper to northern South China. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Yun‐Xuan Bao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Xin‐Fei Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China
| | - Juan Zeng
- National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing China
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Ke F, Li J, Vasseur L, You M, You S. Temporal sampling and network analysis reveal rapid population turnover and dynamic migration pattern in overwintering regions of a cosmopolitan pest. Front Genet 2022; 13:986724. [PMID: 36110208 PMCID: PMC9469019 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.986724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic makeup of insect pest is informative for source-sink dynamics, spreading of insecticide resistant genes, and effective management. However, collecting samples from field populations without considering temporal resolution and calculating parameters related to historical gene flow may not capture contemporary genetic pattern and metapopulation dynamics of highly dispersive pests. Plutella xylostella (L.), the most widely distributed Lepidopteran pest that developed resistance to almost all current insecticides, migrates heterogeneously across space and time. To investigate its real-time genetic pattern and dynamics, we executed four samplings over two consecutive years across Southern China and Southeast Asia, and constructed population network based on contemporary gene flow. Across 48 populations, genetic structure analysis identified two differentiated insect swarms, of which the one with higher genetic variation was replaced by the other over time. We further inferred gene flow by estimation of kinship relationship and constructed migration network in each sampling time. Interestingly, we found mean migration distance at around 1,000 km. Such distance might have contributed to the formation of step-stone migration and migration circuit over large geographical scale. Probing network clustering across sampling times, we found a dynamic P. xylostella metapopulation with more active migration in spring than in winter, and identified a consistent pattern that some regions are sources (e.g., Yunnan in China, Myanmar and Vietnam) while several others are sinks (e.g., Guangdong and Fujian in China) over 2 years. Rapid turnover of insect swarms and highly dynamic metapopulation highlight the importance of temporal sampling and network analysis in investigation of source-sink relationships and thus effective pest management of P. xylostella, and other highly dispersive insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushi Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Minsheng You, ; Shijun You,
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- BGI-Sanya, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Minsheng You, ; Shijun You,
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Liu C, Zhai Z, Zhang R, Bai J, Zhang M. Field pest monitoring and forecasting system for pest control. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:990965. [PMID: 36105712 PMCID: PMC9465034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.990965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insect pest is an essential factor affecting crop yield, and the effect of pest control depends on the timeliness and accuracy of pest forecasting. The traditional method forecasts pest outbreaks by manually observing (capturing), identifying, and counting insects, which is very time-consuming and laborious. Therefore, developing a method that can more timely and accurately identify insects and obtain insect information. This study designed an image acquisition device that can quickly collect real-time photos of phototactic insects. A pest identification model was established based on a deep learning algorithm. In addition, a model update strategy and a pest outbreak warning method based on the identification results were proposed. Insect images were processed to establish the identification model by removing the background; a laboratory image collection test verified the feasibility. The results showed that the proportion of images with the background completely removed was 90.2%. Dataset 1 was obtained using reared target insects, and the identification accuracy of the ResNet V2 model on the test set was 96%. Furthermore, Dataset 2 was obtained in the cotton field using a designed field device. In exploring the model update strategy, firstly, the T_ResNet V2 model was trained with Dataset 2 using transfer learning based on the ResNet V2 model; its identification accuracy on the test set was 84.6%. Secondly, after reasonably mixing the indoor and field datasets, the SM_ResNet V2 model had an identification accuracy of 85.7%. The cotton pest image acquisition, transmission, and automatic identification system provide a good tool for accurately forecasting pest outbreaks in cotton fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkang Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, China
| | - Jingya Bai
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi, China
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Zhou XY, Ding Y, Zhou JY, Sun KK, Matsukura K, Zhang H, Chen L, Hong XY, Sun JT. Genetic evidence of transoceanic migration of the small brown planthopper between China and Japan. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2909-2920. [PMID: 35415865 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is an important pest of rice. It is suspected of migrating over the sea from China to Japan. However, where in China it comes from and how it affects Japanese populations remain unclear. RESULTS Here, we studied the genetic structure of 15 L. striatellus populations sampled from Japan and China using single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by the double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing technique. We found weak genetic differentiation between the Chinese and Japanese populations. Our data revealed migration signals of L. striatellus from China to southern and northern Japan. However, the source regions of the immigrants remain unclear due to the low genetic differentiation between populations. Our results also pointed to the possibility of backward gene flow from Japanese to Chinese populations. We suspect that the south-eastern wind associated with the East Asian summer monsoon may facilitate the reverse migration of L. striatellus from Japan to China. Interestingly, we found that the X chromosome displayed relatively higher genetic differentiation among populations and suffered more intensive selection pressure than autosomes. CONCLUSION We provide genetic evidence of transoceanic migration of L. striatellus from China to Japan and found that the X chromosome can aid the deciphering of the migration trajectories of species with low genetic differentiation. These findings have implications for forecasting the outbreak of this pest and also provide insights into how to improve the tracking of the migration routes of small insects via population genomics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang-Kang Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Tao Sun
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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16
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Kawakita S, Takahashi H. Time-series analysis of population dynamics of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), using an ARIMAX model. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2423-2433. [PMID: 35301796 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing a model that adequately explains pest population dynamics based on weather-related parameters is fundamentally important for proper pest management. Autocorrelation with past occurrences should be considered when modeling the relationship between the time series of pest occurrence data and meteorological factors; however, few attempts have been made to model these factors simultaneously. In this study, we constructed an autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) model to represent the occurrence of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major moth pest species in Asia, using the trap catch data of S. litura recorded approximately every 5 days. The multiple meteorological measurements taken over several past periods before S. litura occurrence were included as explanatory variables to evaluate their lag effects on future occurrences. RESULTS It was suggested that temperature had the most important effect on S. litura occurrences among other meteorological factors (i.e., humidity, wind speed, and precipitation). Especially, higher temperatures during the larval/egg stage seemed to presage a higher moth abundance. When the model was fitted using independent data that were not used for calibrating the model, the model was able to capture trends in increases in the scale of occurrence, particularly after July, when the occurrence rapidly increased. CONCLUSION Past temperature condition, particularly during the larval and egg states, is suggested to be highly important for predicting future S. litura occurrences. The ARIMAX model proposed here will allow preventive measures to be taken, effectively safeguarding food resources against pest outbreaks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawakita
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Takahashi
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hiroshima, Japan
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17
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Physiological and Population Responses of Nilaparvata lugens after Feeding on Drought-Stressed Rice. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13040355. [PMID: 35447797 PMCID: PMC9028574 DOI: 10.3390/insects13040355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Drought is considered a critical threat to crop growth and sustainable agriculture worldwide, and it also greatly impacts insect development and population growth. Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is the predominant rice crop pest in China, and the damaging effects of BPH are enhanced by its strong migratory and reproductive capacities. Our results provide useful information about the effect of drought stress on the poor population growth and negative physiological changes in BPH. Negative changes to water balance and osmotic pressure can cause a decline in the quality of BPH; the GST content of BPH feeding on drought-stressed rice was significantly higher than BPH feeding on non-stressed control plants, and the length of flight muscle sarcomeres and mitochondrial content were decreased in BPH feeding on drought-stressed rice. These findings suggest that water management greatly impacts the physiology and population growth of BPH, and provide a basis for understanding physiological and population-wide responses in BPH during drought stress, which may be helpful in understanding the relationship between drought stress and BPH infestation. Abstract Drought stress greatly impacts insect development and population growth. Some studies have demonstrated increased reproductive capacity in drought-stressed insects; however, physiological changes in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), during periods of drought are unclear. In this study, BPH fed on drought- stressed rice had lower population numbers than BPH feeding on non-stressed rice. Water content, osmotic pressure of hemolymph and total amino acid content of BPH were significantly lower when BPH fed on drought-stressed rice compared to the non-stressed control; however, glucose content and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were significantly higher in BPH fed on drought-stressed rice. The expression of Vitellogenin and Exuperantia in BPH fed on drought-stressed rice was higher than that in BPH feeding on non-stressed control plants. The size of myofibrils and the abundance of mitochondria in BPH flight muscles were significantly lower in BPH fed on drought-stressed rice compared to non-stressed plants. These results indicate that water management impacts the physiology of BPH, which may be useful in understanding the relationship between drought stress and this damaging herbivore.
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18
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Wu M, Qi G, Chen H, Ma J, Liu J, Jiang Y, Lee G, Otuka A, Hu G. Overseas immigration of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), invading Korea and Japan in 2019. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:505-520. [PMID: 34050604 PMCID: PMC9292357 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), spread rapidly in Africa and Asia recently, causing huge economic losses in crop production. Fall armyworm caterpillars were first detected in South Korea and Japan in June 2019. Here, the migration timing and path for FAW into the countries were estimated by a trajectory simulation approach implementing the insect's flight behavior. The result showed that FAWs found in both South Korea and Japan were estimated to have come from eastern China by crossing the Yellow Sea or the East China Sea in 10-36 h in three series of migrations. In the first series, FAW moths that arrived on Jeju Island during 22-24 May were estimated to be from Zhejiang, Anhui and Fujian Provinces after 1-2 nights' flights. In the second series, it was estimated that FAW moths landed in southern Korea and Kyushu region of Japan simultaneously or successively during 5-9 June, and these moths mostly came from Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. The FAW moths in the third series were estimated to have immigrated from Taiwan Province onto Okinawa Islands during 19-24 June. During these migrations, southwesterly low-level jets extending from eastern China to southern Korea and/or Japan were observed in the northwestern periphery of the western Pacific Subtropical High. These results, for the first time, suggested that the overseas FAW immigrants invading Korea and Japan came from eastern and southern China. This study is helpful for future monitoring, early warning and the source control of this pest in the two countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐Fei Wu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Guo‐Jun Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection/Plant Protection Research InstituteGuangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou510640China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Pest ForecastingChina National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service CenterBeijing100026China
| | - Yu‐Ying Jiang
- Division of Pest ForecastingChina National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service CenterBeijing100026China
| | - Gwan‐Seok Lee
- Department of Agro‐food Safety and Crop ProtectionNational Institute of Agricultural SciencesWanju55365Korea
| | - Akira Otuka
- Institute of Agricultural MachineryNational Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationTsukuba3058517Japan
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing210095China
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Lefèvre T, Sauvion N, Almeida RP, Fournet F, Alout H. The ecological significance of arthropod vectors of plant, animal, and human pathogens. Trends Parasitol 2022; 38:404-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Use of meteorological data in biosecurity. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 4:497-511. [PMID: 32935835 PMCID: PMC7803344 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pests, pathogens and diseases cause some of the most widespread and damaging impacts worldwide — threatening lives and leading to severe disruption to economic, environmental and social systems. The overarching goal of biosecurity is to protect the health and security of plants and animals (including humans) and the wider environment from these threats. As nearly all living organisms and biological systems are sensitive to weather and climate, meteorological, ‘met’, data are used extensively in biosecurity. Typical applications include, (i) bioclimatic modelling to understand and predict organism distributions and responses, (ii) risk assessment to estimate the probability of events and horizon scan for future potential risks, and (iii) early warning systems to support outbreak management. Given the vast array of available met data types and sources, selecting which data is most effective for each of these applications can be challenging. Here we provide an overview of the different types of met data available and highlight their use in a wide range of biosecurity studies and applications. We argue that there are many synergies between meteorology and biosecurity, and these provide opportunities for more widespread integration and collaboration across the disciplines. To help communicate typical uses of meteorological data in biosecurity to a wide audience we have designed the ‘Meteorology for biosecurity’ infographic.
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Hedlund JSU, Lv H, Lehmann P, Hu G, Anderson RC, Chapman JW. Unraveling the World’s Longest Non-stop Migration: The Indian Ocean Crossing of the Globe Skimmer Dragonfly. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.698128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect migration redistributes enormous quantities of biomass, nutrients and species globally. A subset of insect migrants perform extreme long-distance journeys, requiring specialized morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations. The migratory globe skimmer dragonfly (Pantala flavescens) is hypothesized to migrate from India across the Indian Ocean to East Africa in the autumn, with a subsequent generation thought to return to India from East Africa the following spring. Using an energetic flight model and wind trajectory analysis, we evaluate the dynamics of this proposed transoceanic migration, which is considered to be the longest regular non-stop migratory flight when accounting for body size. The energetic flight model suggests that a mixed strategy of gliding and active flapping would allow a globe skimmer to stay airborne for up to 230–286 h, assuming that the metabolic rate of gliding flight is close to that of resting. If engaged in continuous active flapping flight only, the flight time is severely reduced to ∼4 h. Relying only on self-powered flight (combining active flapping and gliding), a globe skimmer could cross the Indian Ocean, but the migration would have to occur where the ocean crossing is shortest, at an exceptionally fast gliding speed and with little headwind. Consequently, we deem this scenario unlikely and suggest that wind assistance is essential for the crossing. The wind trajectory analysis reveals intra- and inter-seasonal differences in availability of favorable tailwinds, with only 15.2% of simulated migration trajectories successfully reaching land in autumn but 40.9% in spring, taking on average 127 and 55 h respectively. Thus, there is a pronounced requirement on dragonflies to be able to select favorable winds, especially in autumn. In conclusion, a multi-generational, migratory circuit of the Indian Ocean by the globe skimmer is shown to be achievable, provided that advanced adaptations in physiological endurance, behavior and wind selection ability are present. Given that migration over the Indian Ocean would be heavily dependent on the assistance of favorable winds, occurring during a relatively narrow time window, the proposed flyway is potentially susceptible to disruption, if wind system patterns were to be affected by climatic change.
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Environmental drivers of annual population fluctuations in a trans-Saharan insect migrant. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102762118. [PMID: 34155114 PMCID: PMC8256005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102762118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The painted lady butterfly is an annual migrant to northern regions, but the size of the immigration varies by more than 100-fold in successive years. Unlike the monarch, the painted lady breeds year round, and it has long been suspected that plant-growing conditions in winter-breeding locations drive this high annual variability. However, the regions where caterpillars develop over winter remained unclear. Here, we show for the European summer population that winter plant greenness in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa is the key driver of the size of the spring immigration. Our results show that painted ladies regularly cross the Sahara Desert and elucidate the climatic drivers of the annual population dynamics. Many latitudinal insect migrants including agricultural pests, disease vectors, and beneficial species show huge fluctuations in the year-to-year abundance of spring immigrants reaching temperate zones. It is widely believed that this variation is driven by climatic conditions in the winter-breeding regions, but evidence is lacking. We identified the environmental drivers of the annual population dynamics of a cosmopolitan migrant butterfly (the painted lady Vanessa cardui) using a combination of long-term monitoring and climate and atmospheric data within the western part of its Afro-Palearctic migratory range. Our population models show that a combination of high winter NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in the Savanna/Sahel of sub-Saharan Africa, high spring NDVI in the Maghreb of North Africa, and frequent favorably directed tailwinds during migration periods are the three most important drivers of the size of the immigration to western Europe, while our atmospheric trajectory simulations demonstrate regular opportunities for wind-borne trans-Saharan movements. The effects of sub-Saharan vegetative productivity and wind conditions confirm that painted lady populations on either side of the Sahara are linked by regular mass migrations, making this the longest annual insect migration circuit so far known. Our results provide a quantification of the environmental drivers of large annual population fluctuations of an insect migrant and hold much promise for predicting invasions of migrant insect pests, disease vectors, and beneficial species.
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Cheng B, Chen F, Wang C, Liu X, Yue L, Cao X, Wang Z, Xing B. The molecular mechanisms of silica nanomaterials enhancing the rice (Oryza sativa L.) resistance to planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens Stal). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144967. [PMID: 33636776 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, fluorescent silica (F-SiO2) ENMs (50 nm) were synthesized, which could be taken up and translocated from rice root to shoot, promoting the plant growth and resistance to planthopper compared with Si ion fertilizers under hydroponic conditions. Particularly, upon exposure F-SiO2 ENMs (5 mg‧L-1) suspension for 9 days, the fresh and dry weight (FW and DW) of shoot, the root length, surface area, and tip number were increased by 33.58%, 65.22%, 15.26%, 20.26% and 29.01%, respectively. Notably, in the presence of planthopper, the shoot FW and DW still increased by 61.88% and 114.75%, respectively. The increased lignin content (by 30.13%) and formation of silica cells in stem after F-SiO2 ENMs exposure (5 mg‧L-1) could be mechanical barriers against planthoppers. The transcriptome data revealed that F-SiO2 ENMs could upregulate the expression of genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions, plant hormone signal transduction, glucose metabolism and carbon fixation pathway, promoting the growth and resistance of rice seedlings. Our findings provide first evidence for the underlying molecular mechanisms of SiO2 ENMs enhancing the rice resistance to planthopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Xu X, Li X, Liu Z, Wang F, Fan L, Wu C, Yao Y. Knockdown of CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2 increases the susceptibility of the brown planthopper to beta-asarone, a potential plant-derived insecticide. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:150-157. [PMID: 33418039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases of insects play crucial roles in the metabolic detoxification of insecticides. Our previous finding showed that two cytochrome P450 genes, both CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2, in the BPH underwent overexpression due to β-asarone. In this study, we investigated the molecular characteristics, expression patterns and functions of these two cytochrome P450 genes. The results showed that CYP301B1 had the highest expression level in the eggs, while CYP6AX1v2 was expressed in macropterous female adults. Moreover, the expression level of CYP301B1 in the head was higher than that in the integument, fat body and gut. The expression level of CYP6AX1v2 in the fat body and gut was higher than that in head and integument. Importantly, silencing CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2 separately could increase the sensitivity, resulting in significant higher mortality of BPH following treatment with β-asarone. Our findings indicated that CYP301B1 and CYP6AX1v2 could contribute to the resistance of BPH to β-asarone, and these two genes may be involved in the detoxification metabolism of β-asarone in BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Xu
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zirong Liu
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Fenshan Wang
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Linjuan Fan
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Caiyun Wu
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Yingjuan Yao
- Applied Agricultural Micro-organism Research, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China.
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Gao B, Hedlund J, Reynolds DR, Zhai B, Hu G, Chapman JW. The 'migratory connectivity' concept, and its applicability to insect migrants. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2020; 8:48. [PMID: 33292576 PMCID: PMC7718659 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-020-00235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Migratory connectivity describes the degree of linkage between different parts of an animal's migratory range due to the movement trajectories of individuals. High connectivity occurs when individuals from one particular part of the migratory range move almost exclusively to another localized part of the migratory range with little mixing with individuals from other regions. Conversely, low migratory connectivity describes the situation where individuals spread over a wide area during migration and experience a large degree of mixing with individuals from elsewhere. The migratory connectivity concept is frequently applied to vertebrate migrants (especially birds), and it is highly relevant to conservation and management of populations. However, it is rarely employed in the insect migration literature, largely because much less is known about the migration circuits of most migratory insects than is known about birds. In this review, we discuss the applicability of the migratory connectivity concept to long-range insect migrations. In contrast to birds, insect migration circuits typically comprise multigenerational movements of geographically unstructured (non-discrete) populations between broad latitudinal zones. Also, compared to the faster-flying birds, the lower degree of control over movement directions would also tend to reduce connectivity in many insect migrants. Nonetheless, after taking account of these differences, we argue that the migratory connectivity framework can still be applied to insects, and we go on to consider postulated levels of connectivity in some of the most intensively studied insect migrants. We conclude that a greater understanding of insect migratory connectivity would be of value for conserving threatened species and managing pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Gao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Johanna Hedlund
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Centre for Animal Movement Research, Ecology Building, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Don R Reynolds
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Baoping Zhai
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
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Abstract
Locust population outbreaks have been a longstanding problem for Australian agriculture. Since its inception in the mid-1970s, The Australian Plague Locust Commission (APLC) is responsible for monitoring, forecasting and controlling populations of several locust pest species across inland eastern Australia (ca. two million km2). Ground surveys are typically targeted according to prevailing environmental conditions. However, due to the sheer size of the region and limited resources, such surveys remain sparse. Here we develop daily time-step statistical models of populations of Chortoicetes terminifera (Australian plague locust) that can used to predict abundances when observations are lacking, plus uncertainties. We firstly identified key environmental covariates of locust abundance, then examined their relationship with C. terminifera populations by interpreting the responses of Generalized Additive Models (GAM). We also illustrate how estimates of C. terminifera abundance plus uncertainties can be visualized across the region. Our results support earlier studies, specifically, populations peak in grasslands with high productivity, and decline rapidly under very hot and dry conditions. We also identified new relationships, specifically, a strong positive effect of vapour pressure and sunlight, and a negative effect of soil sand content on C. terminifera abundance. Our modelling tool may assist future APLC management and surveillance effort.
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Hu S, Sun S, Fu D, Lü J, Wang X, Yu Y, Dong L, Chen S, Ye H. Migration sources and pathways of the pest species Sogatella furcifera in Yunnan, China, and across the border inferred from DNA and wind analyses. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:8235-8250. [PMID: 32788975 PMCID: PMC7417236 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The migration sources and pathways of Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) in topologically complex regions like Yunnan, China, and adjacent montane areas have long been a challenging task and a bottleneck in effective pest forecast and control. The present research reinvestigated this issue using a combination of mtDNA and long-term historical wind field data in an attempt to provide new insights. Genetic analyses showed that the 60 populations of S. furcufera collected across Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan lack genetic structure and geographic isolation, while spatial analysis of haplotype and diversity indices discovered geographic relevance between populations. Migration rate analysis combined with high-resolution 10-year wind field analysis detected the following migration sources, pathways, and impacted areas which could explain the outbreak pattern in Yunnan. (a) Dominating stepwise northward migrations originated from northern Indochina, southern Yunnan, and central-eastern Yunnan, impacting their northern areas. (b) Concurring summer-autumn southward (return) migration originated from nearly all latitude belts of Sichuan and Yunnan mainly impacting central and southern Yunnan. (c) Regular eastward and summer-autumn westward migrations across Yunnan. The northward migration reflects the temporal rhythm of gradual outbreaks from the south to the north in a year, while the return migration may explain the repeated or very severe outbreaks in the impacted areas. To form a better pest forecast and control network, attention must also be paid to the northern part of Yunnan to suppress the impact of return migration in summers and autumns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao‐Ji Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco‐securityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco‐securityYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Shan‐Shan Sun
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesSchool of Resource Environment and Earth ScienceYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Da‐Ying Fu
- School of Life SciencesSouthwest Forest UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jian‐Ping Lü
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Yunnan ProvinceKunmingChina
| | - Xue‐Ying Wang
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Yu
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Li‐Min Dong
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Sui‐Yun Chen
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Crop Disease and PestYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
- Biocontrol Engineering Research Centre of Plant Disease and PestYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Hui Ye
- School of AgricultureYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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Faiman R, Yaro AS, Diallo M, Dao A, Djibril S, Sanogo ZL, Sullivan M, Krishna A, Krajacich BJ, Lehmann T. Quantifying flight aptitude variation in wild Anopheles gambiae in order to identify long-distance migrants. Malar J 2020; 19:263. [PMID: 32698842 PMCID: PMC7374819 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the West African Sahel, mosquito reproduction is halted during the 5–7 month-long dry season, due to the absence of surface waters required for larval development. However, recent studies have suggested that both Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Anopheles arabiensis repopulate this region via migration from distant locations where larval sites are perennial. Anopheles coluzzii engages in more regional migration, presumably within the Sahel, following shifting resources correlating with the ever-changing patterns of Sahelian rainfall. Understanding mosquito migration is key to controlling malaria—a disease that continues to claim more than 400,000 lives annually, especially those of African children. Using tethered flight data of wild mosquitoes, the distribution of flight parameters were evaluated as indicators of long-range migrants versus appetitive flyers, and the species specific seasonal differences and gonotrophic states compared between two flight activity modalities. Morphometrical differences were evaluated in the wings of mosquitoes exhibiting high flight activity (HFA) vs. low flight activity (LFA). Methods A novel tethered-flight assay was used to characterize flight in the three primary malaria vectors- An. arabiensis, An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. The flights of tethered wild mosquitoes were audio-recorded from 21:00 h to 05:00 h in the following morning and three flight aptitude indices were examined: total flight duration, longest flight bout, and the number of flight bouts during the assay. Results The distributions of all flight indices were strongly skewed to the right, indicating that the population consisted of a majority of low-flight activity (LFA) mosquitoes and a minority of high-flight activity (HFA) mosquitoes. The median total flight was 586 s and the maximum value was 16,110 s (~ 4.5 h). In accordance with recent results, flight aptitude peaked in the wet season, and was higher in gravid females than in non-blood-fed females. Flight aptitude was also found to be higher in An. coluzzii compared to An. arabiensis, with intermediate values in An. gambiae s.s., but displaying no statistical difference. Evaluating differences in wing size and shape between LFA individuals and HFA ones, the wing size of HFA An. coluzzii was larger than that of LFAs during the wet season—its length was wider than predicted by allometry alone, indicating a change in wing shape. No statistically significant differences were found in the wing size/shape of An. gambiae s.s. or An. arabiensis. Conclusions The partial agreement between the tethered flight results and recent results based on aerial sampling of these species suggest a degree of discrimination between appetitive flyers and long-distance migrants although identifying HFAs as long-distance migrants is not recommended without further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Faiman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Alpha S Yaro
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Moussa Diallo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Adama Dao
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Samake Djibril
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Zana L Sanogo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odonto-Stomatology, Bamako, Mali
| | - Margery Sullivan
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Asha Krishna
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin J Krajacich
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tovi Lehmann
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, The National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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Wan G, Liu R, Li C, He J, Pan W, Sword GA, Hu G, Chen F. Change in geomagnetic field intensity alters migration-associated traits in a migratory insect. Biol Lett 2020; 16:20190940. [PMID: 32343935 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2019.0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Geomagnetic field (GMF) intensity can be used by some animals to determine their position during migration. However, its role, if any, in mediating other migration-related phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we simulated variation in GMF intensity between two locations along the migration route of a nocturnal insect migrant, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens, that varied by approximately 5 µT in field intensity. After one generation of exposure, we tested for changes in key morphological, behavioural and physiological traits related to migratory performance, including wing dimorphism, flight capacity and positive phototaxis. Our results showed that all three morphological and behavioural phenotypes responded to a small difference in magnetic field intensity. Consistent magnetic responses in the expression of the phototaxis-related Drosophila-like cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) gene and levels of two primary energy substrates used during flight, triglyceride and trehalose, were also found. Our findings indicate changes in GMF intensity can alter the expression of phenotypes critical for insect migration and highlight the unique role of magnetoreception as a trait that may help migratory insects express potentially beneficial phenotypes in geographically variable environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Wan
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiying Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxu Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglan He
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gao Hu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
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Investigating the Impact of Climate Warming on Phenology of Aphid Pests in China Using Long-Term Historical Data. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030167. [PMID: 32151093 PMCID: PMC7143611 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global climate warming has significant influence on individual development, population dynamics, and geographical distribution of many organisms, which has drawn much attention in recent years. As a large group of poikilotherms, insects whose life activities are closely linked with ambient temperature are supposed to be influenced by global warming. In order to test the consistency or difference of the effects of long-term climate warming on phytophagous insect pests in different geographical environments, this study collected historical data on the occurrence and population dynamics of three aphid pests (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, and Sitobion avenae) in China, and systematically explored their phenological responses. We found that, during a period of about 60 years, in general, the first occurrence dates and the first migration dates of the three aphids almost moved earlier, while the end of the occurrence and the last migration dates were slightly delayed. However, these responses also represented geographical variation at a local scale. Basically, our results showed that the occurrence and migration seasons of these three aphid pests have been prolonged along with climate warming. This study based on historical literature data provides empirical evidence and valuable implications for understanding the impact of climate warming on insect pests and future management strategies.
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Yang S, Bao Y, Chen C, Lu M, Liu W, Hong S. Analysis of atmospheric circulation situation and source areas for brown planthopper immigration to Korea: a case study. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Jun Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Yun‐Xuan Bao
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Can Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China
| | - Ming‐Hong Lu
- Division of Pest Forecasting National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125 China
| | - Wan‐Cai Liu
- Division of Pest Forecasting National Agro‐Tech Extension and Service Center Beijing 100125 China
| | - Sung‐Jun Hong
- Disaster Management Division Rural Development Administration Jeonju 54875 Korea
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Li XJ, Wu MF, Ma J, Gao BY, Wu QL, Chen AD, Liu J, Jiang YY, Zhai BP, Early R, Chapman JW, Hu G. Prediction of migratory routes of the invasive fall armyworm in eastern China using a trajectory analytical approach. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:454-463. [PMID: 31237729 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW), an invasive pest from the Americas, is rapidly spreading through the Old World, and has recently invaded the Indochinese Peninsula and southern China. In the Americas, FAW migrates from winter-breeding areas in the south into summer-breeding areas throughout North America where it is a major pest of corn. Asian populations are also likely to evolve migrations into the corn-producing regions of eastern China, where they will pose a serious threat to food security. RESULTS To evaluate the invasion risk in eastern China, the rate of expansion and future migratory range was modelled by a trajectory simulation approach, combined with flight behavior and meteorological data. Our results predict that FAW will migrate from its new year-round breeding regions into the two main corn-producing regions of eastern China (Huang-Huai-Hai Summer Corn and Northeast Spring Corn Regions), via two pathways. The western pathway originates in Myanmar and Yunnan, and FAW will take four migration steps (i.e. four generations) to reach the Huang-Huai-Hai Region by July. Migration along the eastern pathway from Indochina and southern China progresses faster, with FAW reaching the Huang-Huai-Hai Region in three steps by June and reaching the Northeast Spring Region in July. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a high risk that FAW will invade the major corn-producing areas of eastern China via two migration pathways, and cause significant impacts to agricultural productivity. Information on migration pathways and timings can be used to inform integrated pest management strategies for this emerging pest. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Jie Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Fei Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ya Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Qiu-Lin Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Dong Chen
- Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Jiang
- Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Ping Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Regan Early
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Jason W Chapman
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Centre of Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Estimation of the Potential Infestation Area of Newly-invaded Fall Armyworm Spodoptera Frugiperda in the Yangtze River Valley of China. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10090298. [PMID: 31540256 PMCID: PMC6780859 DOI: 10.3390/insects10090298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fall armyworm (FAW), native to the Americas, has rapidly invaded the whole of Southern China since January 2019. In addition, it can survive and breed in the key maize- and rice- growing area of the Yangtze River Valley. Furthermore, this pest is also likely to continue infiltrating other cropping regions in China, where food security is facing a severe threat. To understand the potential infestation area of newly-invaded FAW from the Yangtze River Valley, we simulated and predicted the possible flight pathways and range of the populations using a numerical trajectory modelling method combining meteorological data and self-powered flight behavior parameters of FAW. Our results indicate that the emigration of the first and second generations of newly-invaded FAW initiating from the Yangtze River Valley started on 20 May 2019 and ended on 30 July 2019. The spread of migratory FAW benefitted from transport on the southerly summer monsoon so that FAW emigrants from the Yangtze River Valley can reach northern China. The maize-cropping areas of Northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan are at a high risk. This study provides a basis for early warning and a broad picture of FAW migration from the Yangtze River Valley.
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Yang H, Dong J, Hu Z, Li D, Fang F, Zhai B. Temporary inhibition of positive phototaxis in emigratory population of Nilaparvata lugens by mark-release-recapture. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222214. [PMID: 31491008 PMCID: PMC6730993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Light traps are used to determine the temporal and spatial dynamics of the migratory brown planthoppers (BPHs) Nilaparvata lugens. But very little is known whether newly emerged adults respond to local light traps during the emigration period. Thus, it is important to evaluate the efficiency of light traps in attracting emigrant and immigrant populations to improve forecasting and control of this pest. The migration periods of N. lugens were determined by field surveys in Fuyang, Zhejiang province in 2012 and Yongfu, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2013. Mark-release-recapture experiments with both newly emerged (unflown) and flight experienced (flown) N. lugens were conducted at the two study sites. The marking method did not have any significant effect on the survival or flight capability of the N. lugens. A total of 4800 marked flown and 8400 unflown BPHs were released at a distance of 10, 20 and 30 m from 45-watt fluorescent actinic light traps. The results showed that without wind (< 3.2 m/s) or rainfall conditions, the overall recapture rate of flown BPHs was higher than that of unflown BPHs (9.60% and 0.92%, respectively; χ21 = 589.66, P < 0.0001). Curve estimation regression analysis showed that flown BPHs were attracted to the light source at a distance of 19.77 m, and unflown BPH at a distance of 5.35 m, with these distances corresponding to a 5% recapture rate. Given that the population dynamics of BPHs in the light traps were not synchronous with that in the fields, our results indicate that only a few emerging BPHs in an infested site can be captured locally by light traps. Therefore, care must be taken in estimating the abundance of the sample to absolute local abundance during sedentary and emigration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Yang
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Dong
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhenjie Hu
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Dingxu Li
- College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fan Fang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoping Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Chen H, Chang XL, Wang YP, Lu MH, Liu WC, Zhai BP, Hu G. The Early Northward Migration of the White-Backed Planthopper ( Sogatella furcifera) is Often Hindered by Heavy Precipitation in Southern China during the Preflood Season in May and June. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10060158. [PMID: 31167426 PMCID: PMC6627443 DOI: 10.3390/insects10060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal weather systems that establish prevailing winds and seasonal rainfall on a large scale largely determine insect migration patterns, especially for micro-insects with completely windborne migration. Recent studies indicated that the summer migration of the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) in eastern China is related to the strength and position of the Western Pacific Subtropical High-Pressure (WPSH) system and its associated wind and rainfall patterns. Compared with the BPH, the white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera) has a similar diet, analogous body size, and strong long-distance migration ability. Thus, the migration pattern for the WBPH can be speculated to be similar to that of the BPH. However, the migration pattern of the WBPH and how this pattern relates to climatic conditions have scarcely been described. Based on almost three decades of data (1977–2003), it was suggested that the WBPH in southern China (south of approximately 27° N) migrates into the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River after the abrupt movements of the WPSH in mid-June, similar to the BPH. By contrast, the emigration of the WBPH in southern China begins in late May. Further analysis indicated that the migration of the WBPH in late May and early June was short or unsuccessful due to heavy precipitation during the preflood season in southern China from late May to middle June. The results herein demonstrate the differences in migration patterns between two rice planthoppers in the eastern Asia migration arena. We also provide new information that could assist with forecasting outbreaks and implementing control measures against these migratory pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Chang
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yun-Ping Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ming-Hong Lu
- Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Wan-Cai Liu
- Division of Pest Forecasting, China National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100026, China.
| | - Bao-Ping Zhai
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Gao Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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