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Shon EJ, Lee L. Structural equation modeling for the effects of family dysfunctions and communication on perceived mental health status among under/graduate students in the U.S. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301914. [PMID: 38656986 PMCID: PMC11042702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many of the college students expressed experiencing moderate or severe psychological distress. In their emergence as adults, college students encounter significant periods of drastic change. Family functions play a crucial role in determining individuals' mental health status. OBJECTIVES The first objective of this study was to investigate whether family communication mediates the relationships between family dysfunctions and perceived mental health status among under/graduate students. The second objective was to investigate whether the mediation effects of family communication on the relationships between family dysfunctions and perceived mental health status differ by gender. METHODS The current study applied Minuchin's Structural Family Theory with under/graduate students (N = 348) in Ohio. Structural Equation Modeling was conducted to examine the effects of family dysfunctions and communication on perceived mental health status among under/graduate students. RESULTS Disengaged family function significantly influenced family communication, which, in turn, significantly impacted perceived mental health (mediation effect). Enmeshed family function did not show a significant relationship with family communication, whereas family communication had a significant impact on perceived mental health (no mediation effect). The model comparison test indicated that there were differences between males and females: the structural weights of the current path models were consistent with the full models, and there was a significant difference in the effect of parents' marital status on perceived mental health, with males being significantly impacted in both models. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners should recognize that improving positive communication skills within the family unit can be a realistic approach to supporting the perceived mental health of under/graduate students. Colleges/universities should offer regular education programs to promote an understanding of the relationship between family communication strategies and the mental health of under/graduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jung Shon
- Department of Social Welfare, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lena Lee
- Department of Teaching, Curriculum, and Educational Inquiry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, United States of America
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Elliott E, Bang M. Reducing Indigenous suicide: Recognizing vital land and food systems for livelihoods. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 73:267-279. [PMID: 37822070 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Colonial trauma poses a significant risk to the physical, intellectual, and mental health of Indigenous youth and young adults. Education and mental health scholars are increasingly concerned about the emotional wellbeing of young people, particularly as rates of suicide have increased across the United States. With interest in identifying the unique contextual dynamics involved in understanding Indigenous suicide, this work considers characteristics related to colonialism that may uncover strategies for both educators and mental health practitioners that address disparities. Drawing on a larger ethnographic study, this inquiry asks how settler encroachment upon Indigenous land and food systems is related to death by suicide from the perspective of Cowichan Tribes members. Comprehensive semi-structured interviews were conducted (n = 21); each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed deductively based upon a priori suppositions related to settler colonial theory. Cowichan members' narrated explanations for suicide rooted in disruptions to (1) relationships with the land and (2) traditional food systems. They described how settler encroachment infringed upon their subsistence way of living and introduced incongruent constructions of nature-culture relations (e.g., humans as distinct and separate from the natural world). Settler futurity is secured through the arrogation of territorial dominance coupled with physical or conceptual acts of erasure, placing Indigenous lives and lifeways at risk. One outcome of the disruption to Indigenous collective capacities is a dramatic increase in Indigenous suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Elliott
- College of Education, Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Megan Bang
- School of Education & Social Policy, Learning Sciences and Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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3
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Nauphal M, Cardona ND, Arunagiri V, Ward-Ciesielski EF. A preliminary investigation of the relationship between internalized stigma, experiential avoidance, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2309-2313. [PMID: 34586031 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1978458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Examine the relationship between internalized stigma, experiential avoidance (EA), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in a sample of college students, and explore whether EA accounts for part of the relationship between internalized stigma, EA, and STBs.Participants: College students (N=78) completed online questionnaires about demographic information, internalized stigma, EA, and STBs.Results: A simple mediation model evaluated the indirect effect of internalized stigma on STBs through EA, controlling for the presence of a mental health disorder diagnosis. Results: Internalized stigma, STBs, and EA were all positively correlated. EA partially mediated the relationship between internalized stigma and STBs.Conclusion: Despite decades of research and prevention efforts, STBs remain a pervasive problem. There is an urgent need to identify modifiable predictors of STBs. Internalized stigma is a risk factor for STBs, and recent research suggests EA might be a mechanism linking internalized stigma and STBs. Our findings suggest EA might represent a modifiable mechanism of change in the context of both anti-stigmatization and suicide prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Nauphal
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole D Cardona
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin F Ward-Ciesielski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Taff SD, Kniepmann K, Grajo LC, Russell-Thomas DC, Berg C. Impact of Basic Needs Fulfillment on the Health, Well-being, and Academic Engagement of Occupational Therapy Students. Occup Ther Health Care 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37902560 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2023.2269429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The basic needs of students may serve as unknown factors in academic engagement and well-being. Challenges in meeting these needs disproportionately impact underrepresented minority and first-generation students. The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the perceived presence and impact of basic needs on health, well-being, and academic engagement in occupational therapy students. A 43-item survey was distributed to 231 students and focused on questions addressing basic needs in physiology, safety, and belonging. Respondents reported worry over or the need to work to pay bills, no support from family/friends, and limited access to food in the past 30 days and related this to feeling stressed, not being able to do homework, not participating in class, and loss of leisure time. Ninety-four percent used student health services frequently. Recommendations to address gaps in basic needs include flexible policies, inclusive learning environments, supportive and intentional actions, and providing resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Taff
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathy Kniepmann
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lenin C Grajo
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Duana C Russell-Thomas
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christine Berg
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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5
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Barbour EK, Smallwood SW, Hurt Y. Examining social activity, need to belong, and depression among college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:2263-2271. [PMID: 34449282 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1967357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prior research suggests that social connectedness is associated with lower levels of depression among college students. The aim of this exploratory study was to determine if an association existed between social activity, need to belong, and depression. Variations in study measures by race, gender, and student status were also explored. PARTICIPANTS Data was collected from students attending a large university in the southeastern United States during the Spring 2019 academic semester (N = 299). METHODS Participants completed an anonymous self-administered survey, which was offered in both electronic and paper formats. RESULTS Need to belong significantly predicted depression among college students even when accounting for social activity and response bias. Study measures varied significantly based on race, gender, and student status. CONCLUSION Belonging and social connectedness may be utilized by collegiate stakeholders to increase student and university outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K Barbour
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Stacy W Smallwood
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
| | - Yanise Hurt
- Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA
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Jiang A, Al-Dajani N, King C, Hong V, Koo HJ, Czyz E. Acceptability and feasibility of ecological momentary assessment with augmentation of passive sensor data in young adults at high risk for suicide. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115347. [PMID: 37487460 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) and wearable sensor data have the potential to enhance prediction of suicide risk in real-world conditions. However, the feasibility of this methodology with high-risk populations, including over extended periods, warrants closer attention. This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of concurrent EMA and wearable sensor monitoring in young adults after emergency department (ED) care for suicide risk-related concerns. For 2 months after ED discharge, 106 participants (ages 18-25; 81.1% female) took part in EMA surveys (4x per day) and passive sensor (Fitbit) monitoring and completed an end-of-study phone interview. Overall adherence to EMA (62.1%) and wearable sensor (53.6%) was moderate and comparable to briefer protocols. Relative to EMAs (81%), fewer participants completed the full 8 weeks of Fitbit (63%). While lower initial hopelessness was linked to reduced EMA adherence, previous-day suicidal ideation predicted lower Fitbit adherence on the next day. Self-endorsed barriers to EMA and wearable sensor adherence were also examined. Participants tended to report positive experience with the protocol, with majority indicating EMAs were minimally burdensome, reporting that the Fitbit was generally comfortable, and expressing interest in participating in a similar study again. Findings provide support for the feasibility and acceptability of concurrent intensive self-report and wearable sensor data during a high-risk period. Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nadia Al-Dajani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheryl King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Victor Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- School of Statistics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Ewa Czyz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Rauff EL, van der Meulen CL. First-year undergraduate students: depressed, distressed, and drained? Influence of depressive symptoms on markers of psychological well-being, sleep, and physical activity. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023; 71:904-913. [PMID: 34010121 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1909043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study examined depressive symptomatology (DS) across the academic year in first-year undergraduate students and the influence of DS on anxiety, stress, body esteem, physical activity, and sleep. Participants: Participants were first-year undergraduate students (N= 164). Methods: Participants completed validated self-report measures each quarter. A repeated measures ANCOVA was conducted to examine changes in DS over time. Students were categorized as reporting subclinical (SCD) or clinical (CD) depressive symptoms. A repeated measures MANCOVA was conducted to examine the effect of time and DS groups on primary outcomes. Results: No significant main effects of time were observed for outcomes. Significant between-subjects effects were observed with CD participants reporting significantly higher anxiety and stress and lower sleep than SCD participants. Conclusions: First-year undergraduates with CD may have increased risk for negative markers of psychological and physical health outcomes. Universities should prioritize the psychological and physical health of their first-year students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Rauff
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C L van der Meulen
- School of Occupational Therapy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA
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Owen MI, Pfeiffer KM. Mental Health Characteristics of Traditional and Accelerated Baccalaureate Prelicensure Nursing Students. J Nurs Educ 2023; 62:105-108. [PMID: 36779897 DOI: 10.3928/01484834-20221213-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health issues in college students are increasing, and nursing students may experience higher stress and anxiety levels than other college students. Limited data differentiate mental health characteristics of traditional Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) and accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing (ABSN) students. METHOD This descriptive mixed-methods study compared mental health characteristics between BSN (n = 21) and ABSN (n = 51) students. RESULTS Mild to moderate distress was identified with the Psychological Distress Profile, and moderate levels of stress were identified on the Perceived Stress Scale. No significant differences in scores were found between groups. More ABSN students reported mental health diagnoses than BSN students. Common reasons for stress included academic obligations, relationship challenges, and financial concerns. CONCLUSION Nursing students report experiencing psychological stress, although reasons may vary by cohorts. Further investigation and development of support programs for student mental health is warranted. [J Nurs Educ. 2023;62(2):105-108.].
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Muwanguzi M, Kaggwa MM, Najjuka SM, Mamun MA, Arinaitwe I, Kajjimu J, Nduhuura E, Ashaba S. Exploring adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among Ugandan university students: its associations with academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:11. [PMID: 36639808 PMCID: PMC9838032 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among university students have been linked to a variety of factors and have been shown to have a dose-response relationship with adult health and behavior. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of exposure to ACEs on academic performance, depression, and suicidal ideations among university students. METHODS A cross-sectional survey among university students at a public university in southwestern Uganda was conducted in 2021, integrating the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire for assessing ACEs, the Patient Health Questionnaire for assessing depression symptoms and suicidal ideations, and questions assessing the family structure and academic performance as adopted from similar studies. Regression analysis was performed, and 3 models were generated to answer the study hypotheses. RESULTS A total of 653 undergraduate university students with a mean age of 22.80 (± 3.16) years were recruited. Almost all students (99.8%) experienced one or more ACEs, with physical abuse being the common ACE reported. The average depression symptom severity was statistically higher among individuals who experienced any form of ACEs. No relationship was observed between the ACEs experienced and self-rated academic performance. Similarly, on regression analysis, the cumulative number of ACEs was not associated with self-rated academic performance (β = - 0.007; 95% CI - 0.031 to 0.016; p = 0.558). However, the cumulative number of ACEs was positively associated with depression symptom severity (β = 0.684; 95% CI 0.531-0.837; p < 0.001), as well as increased the likelihood of suicidal ideations (aOR = 1.264; 95% CI 01.090-1.465; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The burden of ACEs is exceedingly high among Ugandan university students, highlighting the urgency in strengthening effective child protection strategies to protect Uganda's rapidly growing population from mental ill-health and avoid future psychological disability, a burden to the healthcare system. The study's findings will also be useful to practitioners/policymakers working to prevent/limit child maltreatment globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Muwanguzi
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mark Mohan Kaggwa
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Sarah Maria Najjuka
- grid.11194.3c0000 0004 0620 0548Makerere University, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Innocent Arinaitwe
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Jonathan Kajjimu
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Elicana Nduhuura
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Scholastic Ashaba
- grid.33440.300000 0001 0232 6272Department of Psychiatry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Yarar EZ, Bulut BP, Demirbaş H. Does Gender Really Matter: Childhood Trauma, Trait Anger, and Suicide Risk in Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:NP1222-NP1238. [PMID: 35435769 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221087704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have reported mixed findings regarding gender differences in suicidal behavior. This discrepancy may be partly attributable to common predictors of suicide risk, such as childhood trauma and anger, and may also be independent of gender. Objectives: The present study investigated gender differences in the impact of childhood trauma and current trait anger on suicide risk, in a group of young Turkish adults. We hypothesized that trait anger would mediate the association between childhood trauma and suicide risk, independently of gender. Participants and Setting: Participants were 589 university students (84.3% women) aged 18-34 years (M = 21.43, SD = 1.82). Methods: Gender group differences in suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger as well as possible covariates (i.e., self-rated socio-economic status and academic performance) were assessed. Possible predictors of suicide risk in gender groups were examined. The role of trait anger as a mediator of the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk was also examined. Results: Results showed that men reported a higher suicide risk, history of childhood trauma, and trait anger than women. Early childhood trauma and current trait anger scores were significant predictors of suicide risk in both gender groups. Trait anger significantly mediated the relationship between early trauma history and risk for suicide, independently of gender. Conclusions: Study findings support early reports of the effects of childhood trauma and trait anger on suicide risk. It was suggested that preventive interventions for suicidal behavior and monitoring risk groups with aggressive tendencies and childhood trauma history may be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Zıvralı Yarar
- Department of Psychology, 390121Social Sciences University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Pınar Bulut
- Department of Psychology, 523228Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Demirbaş
- Department of Psychology, 523228Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ivers M, Alderton E, Swanson R. Nontraditional post-baccalaureate students: How to better provide support for perceived mental health needs. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-8. [PMID: 36170518 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2120357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health is noted as a central indicator of academic success. This study explored the perceived mental health needs of nontraditional post-baccalaureate students and what may increase their abilities to meet these needs. PARTICIPANTS Participants (n = 79) were students at a mid-sized Midwestern university enrolled in identified nontraditional programs targeting students who previously obtained a bachelor's degree and nontraditional graduate students. METHOD Participants completed an online survey assessing perceived mental health needs, service utilization, and potential barriers to service utilization. Surveys were analyzed using descriptive analysis, coding qualitative data, and two-tailed correlations. RESULTS Results demonstrated nontraditional post-baccalaureate students perceive themselves as having mental health needs due to stress and time constraints. Participants' responses reflected 5 areas that may help increase mental health service utilization. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate nontraditional post-baccalaureate students have perceived unmet mental health needs. Ways to help meet these needs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Ivers
- Department of Professional Counseling, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alderton
- Leadership, Literacy and Social Foundations Department, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Renae Swanson
- Department of Professional Counseling, University of Wisconsin - Oshkosh, Oshkosh, Wisconsin, USA
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Xie Y, Yuan C, Sun M, Sun J, Zhang N, Qin W, Liu F, Xue H, Ding H, Wang S, He J, Hu L, Li X, Yu C. Personality and brain contribute to academic achievements of medical students. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:964904. [PMID: 36148147 PMCID: PMC9489117 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.964904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many factors that influence the academic achievements of medical students, but how personality and brain modulate the academic achievements of medical students remains unclear. The study collected the personality, brain imaging, and academic data from 448 medical students at Tianjin Medical University with admission time between 2008 and 2017. Four types of academic achievements, including behavioral and social sciences, clinical sciences and skills, basic biomedical sciences, and scientific methods, were assessed by the academic records of 58 courses. Personality was evaluated by Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory. Brain structural and functional properties, including gray matter volume, spontaneous brain activity and functional connectivity, were computed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between personality and academic achievements. A voxel-wise correlation was used to identify areas of the brain where structural and functional properties were associated with academic achievements. Mediation analysis was used to test whether brain properties and personality independently contribute to academic achievements. Our results showed that novelty seeking (NS) was negatively correlated, and conscientiousness was positively correlated with all types of academic achievements. Brain functional properties showed negatively correlated with academic achievement in basic biomedical sciences. However, we did not find any mediation effect of the brain functional properties on the association between personality (NS and conscientiousness) and academic achievement in basic biomedical sciences, nor mediation effect of the personality (NS and conscientiousness) on the association between brain functional properties and academic achievement in basic biomedical sciences. These findings suggest that specific personality (NS and conscientiousness) and brain functional properties independently contribute to academic achievements in basic biomedical sciences, and that modulation of these properties may benefit academic achievements among medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xie
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Congcong Yuan
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengru Sun
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningnannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinyan He
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxia Li,
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Chunshui Yu,
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Chen J, Huebner ES, Tian L. Longitudinal associations among academic achievement and depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in elementary schoolchildren: disentangling between- and within-person associations. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1405-1418. [PMID: 33885993 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior cross-sectional and unidirectional longitudinal research has investigated the associations among academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation without distinguishing between-person effects from within-person effects. Our study aimed to examine the longitudinal relations among academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a sample of elementary school children at the within-person level using cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) and random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs). Also, multiple models replicated these findings by using three measures of academic achievement (i.e., objective academic achievement, subjective academic achievement, and teacher-assigned academic achievement). A sample of 715 Chinese elementary schoolchildren completed self-report measures of subjective academic achievement, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation on five occasions, using 6-month intervals. Objective academic achievement data were obtained from school records and teacher-assigned academic achievement data were reported by teachers. The results showed that: (a) In CLPMs, objective academic achievement negatively predicted suicidal ideation. However, RI-CLPMs supported the negative effect of suicidal ideation on objective academic achievement. (b) The CLPMs revealed reciprocal associations between subjective and teacher-assigned academic achievement and depressive symptoms, respectively. However, RI-CLPMs only provided support for the negative effect of depressive symptoms on subjective academic achievement. (c) Both the CLPMs and the RI-CLPMs showed bidirectional relations between depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight that mental health problems (e.g., depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation) serve as antecedents of academic performance and that it is beneficial to distinguish between between-person and within-person effects in research informing the development of prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Lili Tian
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Patel D, Andersen S, Leon G, Lee C, Simanton E. Exploration of the Role of Relationships and Virtual Learning on Academic Performance and Mental Health. Cureus 2022; 14:e28338. [PMID: 36168338 PMCID: PMC9503277 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused medical schools to rapidly transition to online/distance learning. Online learning is often associated with poor academic performance, mental health, and student-to-faculty relationships. The purpose of this study is to determine if correlations exist between academic performance, mental health, study location, and student/faculty relationships among medical students. Methodology First-year medical students received a survey asking them to reflect on their study location, mental health, and student/faculty relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic. Second- and third-year medical students received a similar survey asking them to reflect on their experiences from the perspective of their first year of medical school (pre-pandemic). The first five exam scores were gathered for all participants. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between all variables. Results Academic performance was found to be positively correlated with both mental health (R = 0.215, p = 0.016) and relationships among students (R = 0.0259, p = 0.004), while negatively correlated with the percentage of time spent studying at home (R = -0.185, p = 0.039). Mental health was additionally found to be positively correlated with relationships to faculty (R = 0.230, p = 0.01) and relationships to students (R = 0.245, p = 0.006). Conclusions Academic performance and mental health are correlated with relationships and study location. These correlations may explain the negative outcomes associated with online learning in medical education.
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15
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Adams DF. The Role of Ongoing Counseling on College Students’ Academic Outcomes. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2022.2109549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Adams
- Student Counseling Services, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
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16
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Mortier P, Alonso J, Auerbach RP, Bantjes J, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, Cuijpers P, Ebert DD, Green JG, Hasking P, Karyotaki E, Kiekens G, Mak A, Nock MK, O'Neill S, Pinder-Amaker S, Sampson NA, Stein DJ, Vilagut G, Wilks C, Zaslavsky AM, Mair P, Kessler RC. Childhood adversities and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among first-year college students: results from the WMH-ICS initiative. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1591-1601. [PMID: 34424350 PMCID: PMC8878415 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the associations of childhood adversities (CAs) with lifetime onset and transitions across suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among incoming college students. METHODS Web-based self-report surveys administered to 20,842 incoming college students from nine countries (response rate 45.6%) assessed lifetime suicidal ideation, plans and attempts along with seven CAs: parental psychopathology, three types of abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), neglect, bully victimization, and dating violence. Logistic regression estimated individual- and population-level associations using CA operationalizations for type, number, severity, and frequency. RESULTS Associations of CAs with lifetime ideation and the transition from ideation to plan were best explained by the exact number of CA types (OR range 1.32-52.30 for exactly two to seven CAs). Associations of CAs with a transition to attempts were best explained by the frequency of specific CA types (scaled 0-4). Attempts among ideators with a plan were significantly associated with all seven CAs (OR range 1.16-1.59) and associations remained significant in adjusted analyses with the frequency of sexual abuse (OR = 1.42), dating violence (OR = 1.29), physical abuse (OR = 1.17) and bully victimization (OR = 1.17). Attempts among ideators without plan were significantly associated with frequency of emotional abuse (OR = 1.29) and bully victimization (OR = 1.36), in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses. Population attributable risk simulations found 63% of ideation and 30-47% of STB transitions associated with CAs. CONCLUSION Early-life adversities represent a potentially important driver in explaining lifetime STB among incoming college students. Comprehensive intervention strategies that prevent or reduce the negative effects of CAs may reduce subsequent onset of STB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER en Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jason Bantjes
- Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Corina Benjet
- Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Institute for Social Research, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David D Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Greif Green
- Wheelock College of Education and Human Development, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn Kiekens
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Public Health Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arthur Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Siobhan O'Neill
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Stephanie Pinder-Amaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Nancy A Sampson
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and South African Medical Council Research Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiología Y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chelsey Wilks
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan M Zaslavsky
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Weissinger G, Ho C, Ruan-Iu L, Van Fossen C, Diamond G. Barriers to mental health services among college students screened in student health: A latent class analysis. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 35881784 PMCID: PMC9877245 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Background: Almost a third of college students experience significant mental health concerns, but many do not receive adequate services. This study investigated barriers to mental health services among college students screened in a student health center primary care service. Method: Students (N = 1662) presenting for primary care completed mental health screenings and a barrier measure in the student health center of a university. Latent class analysis created barrier profiles. Results: Three barrier profiles were identified (none, logistical, all barriers). Profiles related to gender (p < .001), with logistical/all barrier profiles more likely amongst female students. No significant difference found by race. Students with higher depression scores were more likely to report logistical barriers than no barriers (p < .001). Conclusion: Programs must address multiple barriers to successfully engage students in treatment. Tailored interventions, including in primary care, should assess and respond to individual barriers, not just common ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Weissinger
- Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, United States of America
| | - Crystal Ho
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Linda Ruan-Iu
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Guy Diamond
- Center for Family Intervention Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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18
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Piggott B, Chivers P, Bulsara C, Conlon J, Grigg K, Harris SA, Lambert M, Millar L, Pollard CM. "I'm making a positive change in my life": a mixed method evaluation of a well-being tertiary education unit. Health Promot J Austr 2022; 34:518-529. [PMID: 35505423 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Mental health disorders (MHDs) are prevalent among university students with detrimental impacts for individual students, universities and the wider community. There is urgent need for proactive and preventative strategies to address the mental health crisis in the university population. This study evaluated the efficacy of a 13-week unit developed to directly educate university students about ways to improve and maintain well-being. METHODS Fifty-eight university students from five disciplines participated in a 13-week elective undergraduate unit "Well-Being Fundamentals for Success" as part of their degree. The Act Belong Commit mental health promotion campaign framework formed the basis of teaching materials. Outcome well-being measures were self-assessed at weeks 1, 6 and 12 using four scales: 1) Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS); 2) Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); 3) Brief Resilience Scale (BRS); and 4) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Post-unit group interviews (n = 11) were analysed for key themes. RESULTS Linear mixed models demonstrated a significant improvement in BRS over the semester; well-being (WEMBS) and mindful attention (MAAS) did increase but not significantly. There was a significant increase in stress (PSS) over the semester. Key themes that emerged from the group interviews were that 1) University life contributes to well-being; 2) University life contributes to stress; 3) The well-being unit helped students see and do things differently; 4) An overall endorsement of the unit. CONCLUSION University students' resilience increased over the semester following participation in curriculum focused on well-being which featured a combination of theoretical content and experiential workshops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Piggott
- School of School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Paola Chivers
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Caroline Bulsara
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Jenny Conlon
- School of School of Nursing, Midwifery, Health Sciences and Physiotherapy, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Ann Harris
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | | | - Lynne Millar
- Institute for Health Research, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia.,School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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19
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Rahman ME, Saiful Islam M, Mamun MA, Moonajilin MS, Yi S. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation Among University Students in Bangladesh. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 26:975-984. [PMID: 33073746 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1833800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with suicidal ideation among university students in Bangladesh. We collected cross-sectional data from 407 students aged between 18 and 27 years at Jahangirnagar University (Dhaka, Bangladesh), using a convenience sampling technique. Of the total sample, 13.8% reported having suicidal ideation during the past 12 months. In multiple logistic regression analysis, being female, being a fifth-year student, lower socioeconomic status, exposure to traumatic events, family suicide history, and depression were associated with suicidal ideation. The findings emphasize the need for appropriate support services for university students with a focus on mental health wellbeing and suicide prevention.
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20
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Rosen MR, Michael KD, Jameson JP. CALM gatekeeper training is associated with increased confidence in utilizing means reduction approaches to suicide prevention among college resident assistants. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:501-508. [PMID: 32407219 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1756825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most suicide prevention programs focus on increasing knowledge regarding the problem of suicide, yet many fail to include information on the science and application of means reduction approaches. In an attempt to address this gap in practice, the Counseling on Access to Lethal Means (CALM) program was developed to educate clinicians on the importance of means reduction interventions. METHODS In the current study, a gatekeeper CALM training was delivered to 167 resident assistants. Confidence levels regarding suicide prevention and means reduction skills were assessed at baseline, post-training, and after a 6-week follow-up. RESULTS Results were suggestive of medium to large training effects. Though there was a small decay of training effects at follow-up, the effects were durable when compared to baseline levels. CONCLUSION Given these findings, future gatekeeper trainings should be provided more consistently to help sustain the effects and data on the implementation of CALM principles should be measured during follow-up assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R Rosen
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kurt D Michael
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
| | - J P Jameson
- Department of Psychology, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, USA
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21
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Bhattacharjee A, Haque SMT, Hady MA, Alam SMR, Rabbi M, Kabir MA, Ahmed SI. Understanding the Social Determinants of Mental Health of Undergraduate Students in Bangladesh: Interview Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e27114. [PMID: 34726609 PMCID: PMC8596284 DOI: 10.2196/27114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The undergraduate student population has been actively studied in digital mental health research. However, the existing literature primarily focuses on students from high-income nations, and undergraduates from limited-income nations remain understudied. Objective This study aims to identify the broader social determinants of mental health among undergraduate students in Bangladesh, a limited-income nation in South Asia; study the manifestation of these determinants in their day-to-day lives; and explore the feasibility of self-monitoring tools in helping them identify the specific factors or relationships that affect their mental health. Methods We conducted a 21-day study with 38 undergraduate students from 7 universities in Bangladesh. We conducted 2 semistructured interviews: one prestudy and one poststudy. During the 21-day study, participants used an Android app to self-report and self-monitor their mood after each phone conversation. The app prompted participants to report their mood after each phone conversation and provided graphs and charts so that the participants could independently review their mood and conversation patterns. Results Our results show that academics, family, job and economic condition, romantic relationship, and religion are the major social determinants of mental health among undergraduate students in Bangladesh. Our app helped the participants pinpoint the specific issues related to these factors, as the participants could review the pattern of their moods and emotions from past conversation history. Although our app does not provide any explicit recommendation, the participants took certain steps on their own to improve their mental health (eg, reduced the frequency of communication with certain persons). Conclusions Although some of the factors (eg, academics) were reported in previous studies conducted in the Global North, this paper sheds light on some new issues (eg, extended family problems and religion) that are specific to the context of the Global South. Overall, the findings from this study would provide better insights for researchers to design better solutions to help the younger population from this part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S M Taiabul Haque
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO, United States
| | - Md Abdul Hady
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Eastern University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Raihanul Alam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mashfiqui Rabbi
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Muhammad Ashad Kabir
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Wu R, Zhu H, Wang ZJ, Jiang CL. A Large Sample Survey of Suicide Risk among University Students in China. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:474. [PMID: 34583673 PMCID: PMC8477567 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide risk by examining a large sample of Chinese university students and identify the predictive factors, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, for suicide attempt and suicide risk. METHODS We recruited 6,836 students (aged 18-30) based on all students enrolled in 2016 from one university using cluster sampling. They completed four questionnaires: the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised were used to measure suicide risk, and students' depressive/anxiety symptoms were estimated using Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale. RESULTS Four major findings emerged. First, 18% of the students showed high suicide ideation, 14.5% showed suicide risk, 18.8% had suicide plans, and 1% had attempted suicide. Second, a weak sense of life's value was common among university students, as 61.4% of students considered suicide as a way to end or evade problems. Third, the results of the binary logistic regression showed that education, suicide ideation, including the wish to die, attitude toward suicide, specificity/planning of suicide, and deception or concealment of contemplated suicide were predictive factors of suicide attempt and suicide risk. The variable "deterrents to active attempt" was also a predictive factor of suicide risk. Fourth, depressive and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict suicide attempts or suicide risk. Only 10.8% and 5.6% of the students had self-reported scores above the clinical cut-off points for depression and anxiety, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study highlighted the prevalence of suicide risk among Chinese university students. The high risk of suicide may not only be due to affective disorders, but also a weak sense of life's value or other reasons. Suicide ideation that significantly predicts suicide risk can be used for suicide risk assessment. Universities should provide appropriate life education and suicide prevention and intervention such as teaching instructors gate-keeper skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Counseling and Psychological Services Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeng-Jian Wang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Lei Jiang
- Department of Stress Medicine, Faculty of Psychology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Solar C, Halat AM, MacLean RR, Rajeevan H, Williams DA, Krein SL, Heapy AA, Bair MJ, Kerns RD, Higgins DM. Predictors of engagement in an internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for veterans with chronic low back pain. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1274-1282. [PMID: 33098304 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Internet-based interventions for chronic pain have demonstrated efficacy and may address access barriers to care. Participant characteristics have been shown to affect engagement with these programs; however, limited information is available about the relationship between participant characteristics and engagement with internet-based programs for self-management of chronic pain. The current study examined relationships between demographic and clinical characteristics and engagement with the Pain EASE program, a self-directed, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy intervention for veterans with chronic low back pain (cLBP). Veterans with cLBP were enrolled in a 10 week trial of the Pain EASE program. Engagement measures included the number of logins, access to coping skill modules, and completed study staff-initiated weekly check-in calls. Regression analyses were conducted to identify significant predictors of engagement from hypothesized predictors (e.g., race/ethnicity, age, depressive symptom severity, and pain interference). Participants (N = 58) were 93% male, 60.3% identified as White, and had a mean age of 54.5 years. Participants logged into the program a median of 3.5 times, accessed a median of 2 skill modules, and attended a median of 6 check-in calls. Quantile regression revealed that, at the 50th percentile, non-White-identified participants accessed fewer modules than White-identified participants (p = .019). Increased age was associated with increased module use (p = .001). No clinical characteristics were significantly associated with engagement measures. White-identified race/ethnicity and increased age were associated with greater engagement with the Pain EASE program. Results highlight the importance of defining and increasing engagement in internet-delivered pain care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsey Solar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA USA
| | - Allison M Halat
- Research Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Ross MacLean
- Department of Psychology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haseena Rajeevan
- Center for Medical Informatics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah L Krein
- VA Ann Arbor Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alicia A Heapy
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Pain, Research, Informatics, Medical comorbidities and Education (PRIME) Center of Innovation, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Bair
- Center for Health Information and Communication (CHIC), VA Health Services Research and Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert D Kerns
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Diana M Higgins
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine Service, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Bladek M. Student well-being matters: Academic library support for the whole student. JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC LIBRARIANSHIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Backhaus I, Lipson SK, Fisher LB, Kawachi I, Pedrelli P. Sexual assault, sense of belonging, depression and suicidality among LGBQ and heterosexual college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:404-412. [PMID: 31661423 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1679155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To compare the effect of sexual orientation, history of sexual assault and sense of belonging on depression and suicidality among lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and questioning (LGBQ) and heterosexual students. Participants: A total of 60,194 students from 60 US campuses who participated in the 2017-2018 Healthy Minds Study. Methods: Three-way interaction effects were analyzed using PROCESS macro models in SPSS. Results: Significant three-way interaction effects were found for sexual orientation, sexual assault and sense of belonging predicting depressive symptoms (b = -0.06, p= 0.042, CI: -0.12 to -0.00), and suicidality (b = -0.10, p= 0.004, CI: -0.01 to -0.003). The effect of sexual assault on mental health differed depending on sexual orientation and sense of belonging. Particularly among LGBQ students, high sense of belonging was protective in the presence of sexual assault, and its absence had a deleterious effect on mental health. Conclusion: Enhancing sense of belonging may represent a strategy to mitigate depression and promote suicide prevention, particularly among LGBQ students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah K Lipson
- Department of Health Law Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren B Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola Pedrelli
- Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Aizpurua E, Caravaca-Sánchez F, Taliaferro LA. Suicidality Among College Students in Spain: Prevalence and Associations With Substance Use, Social Support, and Resilience. DEATH STUDIES 2021; 46:2025-2030. [PMID: 33683175 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2021.1888823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined protective factors associated with reduced risk of suicidality among college students. We sought to address gaps in the literature by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 636 college students from a public university in Spain. We assessed substance use, social support, resilience, severity of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Twenty percent of students reported low severity and 27% reported high severity suicidal ideation, while 5% reported attempting suicide during the past year. Higher levels of social support represented a protective factor associated with reduced risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aizpurua
- European Social Survey ERIC, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Law, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Antunes‐Alves S, Langmuir T. Evaluating a combined intervention targeting at‐risk post‐secondary students: When it comes to graduating, mental health matters. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Triece PA, Oddo LE, Hill RM, Pettit JW, Meinzer MC. Investigation of the interpersonal theory of suicide in the context of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptomatology and suicide ideation. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1198-1204. [PMID: 32770790 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines components of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide as mediators of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicide ideation in college students with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were simultaneously evaluated on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation, controlling for gender and levels of depression. METHOD Participants were 217 college students with elevated depressive symptoms (Mage = 20.72 years old; SD = 3.74) who participated in a larger study on mood and well-being. The sample was predominantly female (77.9% female) and Hispanic (72.7%). RESULTS In a multivariate mediation model controlling for gender and depressive symptoms, there were significant indirect effects of perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness on the association between self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide ideation. CONCLUSION Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness may represent promising targets for preventing suicide ideation in individuals with elevated ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren E Oddo
- University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan M Hill
- Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Adewuya AO, Oladipo EO. Prevalence and associated factors for suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) among high school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1503-1512. [PMID: 31858265 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-019-01462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To plan effective school-based adolescent suicide prevention strategies, there is need for valid epidemiology data. The aim of this study was to estimate the current (1 month) prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) amongst secondary school adolescents in Lagos, Nigeria. A total of 9441 adolescents (4684 males and 4757 females) with mean age 15.61 years (SD 1.49) recruited from 47 public senior secondary schools self-completed questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, family, school, physical health, and mental health-related variables. Suicidal behaviours (ideation, planning, and attempt) in the past 1 month were also assessed. The weighted 1-month prevalence for suicidal ideation was 6.1% (95% CI 5.5-6.7), suicidal planning was 4.4% (95% CI 3.8-4.9), and suicidal attempt was 2.8% (95% CI 2.4-3.2). The factors significantly associated with suicidal behaviours included being female, not staying with the mother, maternal drinking, witnessing domestic violence, past and present academic difficulties, having no close friend in school and having problems relating with peers and teachers. Also, presence of chronic physical illnesses, depression, anxiety, behavioural disorders, and psychotic-like experiences were associated with adolescent suicidal behaviour. We have shown that a substantial percentage of adolescent have suicidal behaviours, and that there were demographic, family, school, physical health, and psychological health-related factors. We believe that our findings will be important when planning suicide prevention services that could be incorporated into the school mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun O Adewuya
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. .,Centre for Mental Health Research and Initiative (CEMHRI), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Eniola O Oladipo
- Centre for Mental Health Research and Initiative (CEMHRI), Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
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Caballero-Domínguez CC, Campo-Arias A. Prevalence and Factors Associated With Suicide Ideation in Colombian Caribbean Adolescent Students. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2020; 85:837-849. [DOI: 10.1177/0030222820959929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to know the prevalence of and some factors associated with suicide ideation in high school adolescents from a Colombian Caribbean city. A cross-sectional analytical study was designed with probability sampling. An expected prevalence of 50% and an alpha error of 5% were estimated. High-school students from public and private institutions were invited to participate. One thousand four hundred sixty-two adolescents participated in, they were aged between 13 and 17 years, and 33.6% of students reported suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was associated with depression risk (OR = 4.54, 95% CI 2.35–8.77), family dysfunction (OR = 4.54, 95% CI 2.35–8.77), sexual violence (OR = 1.92 CI95% 1.33–2.76) and low academic achievement (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.42–2.73). It is concluded that 33.6% of adolescents enrolled in secondary education reported suicide ideation and was associated with depression risk, family dysfunction, sexual abuse, and poor academic achievement.
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Mortier P, Vilagut G, Puértolas Gracia B, De Inés Trujillo A, Alayo Bueno I, Ballester Coma L, Blasco Cubedo MJ, Cardoner N, Colls C, Elices M, Garcia-Altes A, Gené Badia M, Gómez Sánchez J, Martín Sánchez M, Morros R, Prat Pubill B, Qin P, Mehlum L, Kessler RC, Palao D, Pérez Sola V, Alonso J. Catalonia Suicide Risk Code Epidemiology (CSRC-Epi) study: protocol for a population-representative nested case-control study of suicide attempts in Catalonia, Spain. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037365. [PMID: 32660952 PMCID: PMC7359191 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide attempts represent an important public health burden. Centralised electronic health record (EHR) systems have high potential to provide suicide attempt surveillance, to inform public health action aimed at reducing risk for suicide attempt in the population, and to provide data-driven clinical decision support for suicide risk assessment across healthcare settings. To exploit this potential, we designed the Catalonia Suicide Risk Code Epidemiology (CSRC-Epi) study. Using centralised EHR data from the entire public healthcare system of Catalonia, Spain, the CSRC-Epi study aims to estimate reliable suicide attempt incidence rates, identify suicide attempt risk factors and develop validated suicide attempt risk prediction tools. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The CSRC-Epi study is registry-based study, specifically, a two-stage exposure-enriched nested case-control study of suicide attempts during the period 2014-2019 in Catalonia, Spain. The primary study outcome consists of first and repeat attempts during the observation period. Cases will come from a case register linked to a suicide attempt surveillance programme, which offers in-depth psychiatric evaluations to all Catalan residents who present to clinical care with any suspected risk for suicide. Predictor variables will come from centralised EHR systems representing all relevant healthcare settings. The study's sampling frame will be constructed using population-representative administrative lists of Catalan residents. Inverse probability weights will restore representativeness of the original population. Analysis will include the calculation of age-standardised and sex-standardised suicide attempt incidence rates. Logistic regression will identify suicide attempt risk factors on the individual level (ie, relative risk) and the population level (ie, population attributable risk proportions). Machine learning techniques will be used to develop suicide attempt risk prediction tools. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This protocol is approved by the Parc de Salut Mar Clinical Research Ethics Committee (2017/7431/I). Dissemination will include peer-reviewed scientific publications, scientific reports for hospital and government authorities, and updated clinical guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04235127.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Puértolas Gracia
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana De Inés Trujillo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxaso Alayo Bueno
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ballester Coma
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Girona (UdG), Girona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Blasco Cubedo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Depression and Anxiety Program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Colls
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya - Health Evaluation and Quality Agency of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Health Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Elices
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Research Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Garcia-Altes
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Agència de Qualitat i Avaluació Sanitàries de Catalunya - Health Evaluation and Quality Agency of Catalonia (AQuAS), Catalan Health Department, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Gené Badia
- Legal Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez Sánchez
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Martín Sánchez
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Training Unit PSMar-UPF-ASPB, Parc de Salut Mar, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Morros
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), Metropolitana Nord, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bibiana Prat Pubill
- Master Plan on Mental Health and Addictions, Ministry of Health, Catalan Government, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ping Qin
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Mehlum
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diego Palao
- Depression and Anxiety Program, Department of Mental Health, Parc Taulí Sabadell, Hospital Universitari, Sabadell, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Pérez Sola
- Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola Del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain
- Neurosciences Research Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health & Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Owusu-Ansah FE, Addae AA, Peasah BO, Oppong Asante K, Osafo J. Suicide among university students: prevalence, risks and protective factors. Health Psychol Behav Med 2020; 8:220-233. [PMID: 34040869 PMCID: PMC8114407 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2020.1766978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Research evidence on suicide in Ghana so far has focused mostly on suicide in the adult population and less work on the younger population such as university students and other vulnerable groups such as children, youth and the aged. Aims: This study was conducted to determine lifetime and current prevalence of suicidal ideation or attempts and identify the associated risks and protective factors among university students in Ghana. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, 1003 university students (507 males and 496 females) with a mean age of 20.5 years (SD = 5.95) were administered questionnaires that measured suicide, psychological distress, self-esteem and subjective wellbeing. Results: We found the following prevalence rates of suicidal behaviours: ideations 15.2%, attempted 6.3%, death wishes 24.3% and suicidal plan 6.8%. Psychological distress was a risk factor for both suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt. Subjective wellbeing was protective of suicide attempt while self-esteem was protective of suicidal ideation. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for school-based mental health-promoting programmes that enhance young people's self-esteem, reduce psychological distress and boost subjective wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Emily Owusu-Ansah
- Counselling Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akua Afriyie Addae
- Counselling Centre, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Kwaku Oppong Asante
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.,Department of Psychology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Joseph Osafo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Kernan WD. Health-related impediments to learning among dental and oral surgery students. J Prev Interv Community 2020; 47:32-44. [PMID: 30806191 DOI: 10.1080/10852352.2018.1547307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental education is a challenging experience that places significant demands on students' intellectual, financial, and psychosocial well-being. Dental students who simultaneously experience physical illness, emotional upset, or interpersonal difficulty may be at greater risk of experiencing negative academic consequences. It is well documented that stress affects student learning, however, the impact of other health concerns on academic success is less understood. The purpose of this manuscript is to document the prevalence and perceived academic impact of 24 health concerns on the academic performance of a sample of 130 undergraduate dental students as measured by the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Health concerns that were most prevalent among dental students were generally also perceived to be most detrimental to their learning. These included upper respiratory infections (cold, flu, sore throat), interpersonal concerns (concerns about a troubled friend or family member, and relationship difficulty), and mental health issues (depression/anxiety/seasonal affective disorder, and stress).
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Kernan
- a Department of Public Health , William Paterson University , Wayne , NJ , USA
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Dekker I, De Jong EM, Schippers MC, De Bruijn-Smolders M, Alexiou A, Giesbers B. Optimizing Students' Mental Health and Academic Performance: AI-Enhanced Life Crafting. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1063. [PMID: 32581935 PMCID: PMC7286028 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One in three university students experiences mental health problems during their study. A similar percentage leaves higher education without obtaining the degree for which they enrolled. Research suggests that both mental health problems and academic underperformance could be caused by students lacking control and purpose while they are adjusting to tertiary education. Currently, universities are not designed to cater to all the personal needs and mental health problems of large numbers of students at the start of their studies. Within the literature aimed at preventing mental health problems among students (e.g., anxiety or depression), digital forms of therapy recently have been suggested as potentially scalable solutions to address these problems. Integrative psychological artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of a chatbot, for example, shows great potential as an evidence-based solution. At the same time, within the literature aimed at improving academic performance, the online life-crafting intervention in which students write about values and passions, goals, and goal-attainment plans has shown to improve the academic performance and retention rates of students. Because the life-crafting intervention is delivered through the curriculum and doesn't bear the stigma that is associated with therapy, it can reach larger populations of students. But life-crafting lacks the means for follow-up or the interactiveness that online AI-guided therapy can offer. In this narrative review, we propose to integrate the current literature on chatbot interventions aimed at the mental health of students with research about a life-crafting intervention that uses an inclusive curriculum-wide approach. When a chatbot asks students to prioritize both academic as well as social and health-related goals and provides personalized follow-up coaching, this can prevent -often interrelated- academic and mental health problems. Right on-time delivery, and personalized follow-up questions enhance the effects of both -originally separated- intervention types. Research on this new combination of interventions should use design principles that increase user-friendliness and monitor the technology acceptance of its participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaak Dekker
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. De Jong
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michaéla C. Schippers
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique De Bruijn-Smolders
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Research Centre Urban Talent, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Alexiou
- Department of Technology and Operations Management, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Management, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Bas Giesbers
- Information Management and Consulting, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Onuoha CU, Idemudia ES. Academic demands and mental health among undergraduate students in full-time employment: The moderating role of perceived social support. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2020.1712805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chibuzor Uchenna Onuoha
- Faculty of Humanities, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, South Africa
- Department of Pure & Applied Psychology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Nigeria
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Linden B, Stuart H. Post-Secondary Stress and Mental Well-Being: A Scoping Review of the Academic Literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.7870/cjcmh-2020-002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Post-secondary students have been identified as an at-risk population for chronic stress and poor mental health. We conducted a scoping review of the academic literature surrounding student stress and mental well-being as the first phase of research in the development of Canada’s National Standard for the Psychological Health and Safety of Post-Secondary Students. Major thematic findings included student stress, resilience through effective coping and help-seeking, and programs or strategies to improve campus mental health. Recommendations include a call for increased mental health promotion and mental illness prevention activities that are sensitive to diverse cultures, ethnicities, religions, and sexualities.
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Bolinski F, Boumparis N, Kleiboer A, Cuijpers P, Ebert D, Riper H. The effect of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in university and college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Internet Interv 2020; 20:100321. [PMID: 32382515 PMCID: PMC7201188 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health symptoms are common among college and university students and these can affect their academic performance. E-mental health interventions have proven effective in addressing mental health complaints but their effect on academic performance has not been synthesized yet. OBJECTIVES To synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions on academic performance in college and university students compared to inactive controls. DATA SOURCES AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We searched six databases (PubMed, Cochrane library, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science) during the period January 2000 until September 2019 for randomized controlled trials that reported on e-mental health interventions (guided or unguided) for college and university students and measured academic performance (e.g. grade point average). STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Study and participant characteristics and the academic performance measures at post-intervention were extracted. The latter were pooled and Hedges' g was calculated as the effect size. Heterogeneity and publication bias were investigated. RESULTS Six studies containing 2428 participants were included in the meta-analysis. These focussed on either mood and anxiety or alcohol and tobacco use. The pooling of data resulted in a small but non-significant effect of g = 0.26 (95% CI, -0.00, 0.52; p = .05) on academic performance, favouring e-mental health interventions over inactive controls. Interventions had positive effects on depression (g = -0.24) and anxiety (g = -0.2). Heterogeneity was high. DISCUSSION Despite the small and non-significant effect, our meta-analysis points to a promising direction for the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions on academic performance. Yet, these results must be interpreted with caution, as heterogeneity was high and few studies on the effectiveness of e-mental health interventions for students reported academic performance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bolinski
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N. Boumparis
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A. Kleiboer
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P. Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D.D. Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - H. Riper
- Department of Clinical, Neuro-, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Wang YR, Sun JW, Lin PZ, Zhang HH, Mu GX, Cao FL. Suicidality among young adults: Unique and cumulative roles of 14 different adverse childhood experiences. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 98:104183. [PMID: 31521907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College students with suicidal ideation (SI) are at high risk of suicide. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are important risk factors for suicidal behavior. Most research in this area has been restricted to 10 conventional ACEs and suggests negative long-term developmental effects from other common childhood adversities such as peer victimization, peer isolation/rejection, exposure to community violence, and low socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE To test the unique and cumulative associations of 14 different ACEs with SI among young adults. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 989 college students from two universities in China's provincial-leveled Hui Autonomous Region. METHODS Associations between ACEs and SI were analyzed by logistic regression. A Chi-square trend test was used to examine the association between cumulative ACEs and SI. RESULTS The rates of suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts among the cohort were 11.9%, 3.7%, and 1.6%, respectively; 43.9% had experienced at least one ACE. The strongest predictor of SI in adulthood was peer isolation/rejection, followed by emotional neglect, then low socioeconomic status. There was a cumulative effect of ACEs and SI, whereby the greater the number of ACEs, the greater the likelihood of SI. CONCLUSION Peer isolation/rejection, emotional neglect, and low socioeconomic status were associated with increased risk of SI in adulthood. Two (peer isolation/rejection and low socioeconomic status) of the three factors that emerged from the analysis are not typically included in ACEs research. There was a cumulative effect of 14 kinds of ACEs on SI among young adults. Early recognition of risk factors is therefore important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Rong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ji-Wei Sun
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 E. Daniel St. Champaign, IL, 61820, United States
| | - Ping-Zhen Lin
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; The First Hospital of Quanzhou, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Hui-Hui Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; The Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Guo-Xia Mu
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Feng-Lin Cao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, No.44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Veloso LUP, Lima CLS, Sales JCES, Monteiro CFDS, Gonçalves AMDS, Silva Júnior FJGD. Suicidal ideation among health field undergraduates: prevalence and associated factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 40:e20180144. [PMID: 31596340 DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its associated factors in university students from the health field, in a public higher education institution. METHOD Cross-sectional study with 142 university students. Suicide Ideation Scale and a questionnaire for characterization were used. Fischer's exact test, chi-square, Odds-Ratio, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's correlation were performed. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 22%. It was associated to the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs, bullying, suicide attempts (p-value = 0.000), and not attending the course desired (p-value = 0.001). It was observed that the higher the score the lower the academic performance (p-value = 0.000). There was a difference in the mean score according to course (p-value = 0.000), and the score was higher among psychology students. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of suicidal ideation among university students in the health field reiterates the need to create intervention strategies, especially in the context of universities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaqueline Carvalho E Silva Sales
- Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Mestrado Profissional em Saúde da Família, Departamento de Enfermagem. Teresina, Piauí, Brasil
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40
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Gómez-Romero MJ, Tomás-Sábado J, Montes-Hidalgo J, Brando-Garrido C, Limonero JT. The suicidal behaviors questionnaire-revised. Spanish form. DEATH STUDIES 2019; 45:623-629. [PMID: 31573435 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2019.1671544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study consists of a translation, intercultural adaptation and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Suicide Behavior Questionnaire Revised using a sample of 325 undergraduates. Internal consistency, reliability and temporal stability, calculated through Cronbach's alpha (α =.81) and test-retest correlations (ICC =. 88), respectively, were excellent. The criterion-related validity of the SBQ-R was established by correlating SBQ-R with other psychological constructs. A confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated adequate fit of the measurement model. This SBQ-R Spanish adaptation is a reliable and valid tool that might be useful to researchers and clinicians wishing to identify young people at a high risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Romero
- Psychology Unit, Egarsat Mutua Colaboradora Con la Seguridad Social n°276. Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
- Stress and Health Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Tomás-Sábado
- Unitat d´Investigació i Comunicació Científica, Escoles Universitàries Gimbernat, Nursing School, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Javier Montes-Hidalgo
- Unitat d´Investigació i Comunicació Científica, Escoles Universitàries Gimbernat, Nursing School, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cecilia Brando-Garrido
- Stress and Health Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Nursing School, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, Escoles Universitaries Gimbernat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín T Limonero
- Stress and Health Research Group, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Benjet C, Gutiérrez-García RA, Abrego-Ramírez A, Borges G, Covarrubias-Díaz A, Durán MDS, González-González R, Hermosillo-de la Torre AE, Martínez-Martínez KI, Medina-Mora ME, Mejía-Zarazúa H, Pérez-Tarango G, Zavala-Berbena MA, Mortier P. Psychopathology and self-harm among incoming first-year students in six Mexican universities. SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO 2019; 61:16-26. [PMID: 30753769 DOI: 10.21149/9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate psychopathology and self-harm behavior of incoming first-year college students, sociodemographic correlates, service use and willingness to seek treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4 189 male and female incoming first-year students of six universities in four different states of Mexico responded to an online survey with a 79.3% response rate. RESULTS Almost one in three incoming students has experienced some type of psychopathology; however, only one in five has received treatment. Female, students who are older, whose parents are not married or deceased, and who have a non-heterosexual orientation, no religion or a non-Catholic/Christian religion have greater odds (1.18 - 1.99), whereas those who attend a private university and have a parent with some college education have lower odds (0.68 - 0.75) of experiencing any probable disorder. CONCLUSIONS Substantial unmet need for mental health services combined with reported willingness to use university services suggests an opportunity for the detection, referral, and treatment of incoming students to promote a successful transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Benjet
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl A Gutiérrez-García
- Universidad De La Salle Bajío, campus Salamanca, Guanajuato, México.,Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes. Aguascalientes, México
| | | | - Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz. Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philippe Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University. Leuven, Belgium
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Lockard AJ, Hayes JA, Locke BD, Bieschke KJ, Castonguay LG. Helping Those Who Help Themselves: Does Counseling Enhance Retention? JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey A. Hayes
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education; The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Benjamin D. Locke
- Center for Assessment and Psychological Services; The Pennsylvania State University
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O'Neill S, McLafferty M, Ennis E, Lapsley C, Bjourson T, Armour C, Murphy S, Bunting B, Murray E. Socio-demographic, mental health and childhood adversity risk factors for self-harm and suicidal behaviour in College students in Northern Ireland. J Affect Disord 2018; 239:58-65. [PMID: 29990663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviour in the college student population are consistently higher than rates for the general adult population. This study examines mental health disorders and childhood adversities as predictors of self-harm and suicidal behaviours. METHODS The Ulster University Student Wellbeing study commenced in September 2015 as part of the WHO World Mental Health Surveys International College Student Project. In Northern Ireland (NI) 739 students participated (462 female, 274 male and 3 other specified), with the WMH-CIDI used to examine psychopathology. Mean age was 21 years old. RESULTS Thirty-one percent endorsed suicidal ideation (24.3% of males and 36.9% of females) with almost 1 in 5 students having made a plan for suicide in the 12 months prior to the survey. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of childhood adversity (high, moderate, and low risk). Logistic regression analyses showed that there was an increased likelihood of all queried self-harm and suicidal behaviours in those who were not heterosexual orientation, and among those with either moderate or high levels of childhood adversities. Probable alcohol dependence was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of suicide attempt or self-harm with either a suicide plan or a suicide attempt. LIMITATIONS Influences of self-report measures and the generalizability of the sample are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Policies and strategies for early identification of those with mental illnesses or adversities that increase their risk, should be prioritised. It would also be useful to identify individuals at risk in secondary schools to allow for additional support to be offered to them during the key time of transitioning into higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan O'Neill
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret McLafferty
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Edel Ennis
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Coral Lapsley
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Bjourson
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Cherie Armour
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Sam Murphy
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Bunting
- Psychology Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine Campus BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Murray
- Northern Ireland Centre for Stratified Medicine, Ulster University, C-TRIC, Altnagelvin Hospital, Derry/Londonderry, United Kingdom
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44
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Hartmann ME, Prichard JR. Calculating the contribution of sleep problems to undergraduates' academic success. Sleep Health 2018; 4:463-471. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Suicidal thoughts and behaviors among college students and same-aged peers: results from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:279-288. [PMID: 29340781 PMCID: PMC5896296 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1481-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aims are to (1) obtain representative prevalence estimates of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) among college students worldwide and (2) investigate whether STB is related to matriculation to and attrition from college. METHODS Data from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys were analyzed, which include face-to-face interviews with 5750 young adults aged 18-22 spanning 21 countries (weighted mean response rate = 71.4%). Standardized STB prevalence estimates were calculated for four well-defined groups of same-aged peers: college students, college attriters (i.e., dropouts), secondary school graduates who never entered college, and secondary school non-graduates. Logistic regression assessed the association between STB and college entrance as well as attrition from college. RESULTS Twelve-month STB in college students was 1.9%, a rate significantly lower than same-aged peers not in college (3.4%; OR 0.5; p < 0.01). Lifetime prevalence of STB with onset prior to age 18 among college entrants (i.e., college students or attriters) was 7.2%, a rate significantly lower than among non-college attenders (i.e., secondary school graduates or non-graduates; 8.2%; OR 0.7; p = 0.03). Pre-matriculation onset STB (but not post-matriculation onset STB) increased the odds of college attrition (OR 1.7; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION STB with onset prior to age 18 is associated with reduced likelihood of college entrance as well as greater attrition from college. Future prospective research should investigate the causality of these associations and determine whether targeting onset and persistence of childhood-adolescent onset STB leads to improved educational attainment.
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46
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Mortier P, Cuijpers P, Kiekens G, Auerbach RP, Demyttenaere K, Green JG, Kessler RC, Nock MK, Bruffaerts R. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among college students: a meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2018; 48:554-565. [PMID: 28805169 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence and young adulthood carry risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). An increasing subpopulation of young people consists of college students. STB prevalence estimates among college students vary widely, precluding a validated point of reference. In addition, little is known on predictors for between-study heterogeneity in STB prevalence. METHODS A systematic literature search identified 36 college student samples that were assessed for STB outcomes, representing a total of 634 662 students [median sample size = 2082 (IQR 353-5200); median response rate = 74% (IQR 37-89%)]. We used random-effects meta-analyses to obtain pooled STB prevalence estimates, and multivariate meta-regression models to identify predictors of between-study heterogeneity. RESULTS Pooled prevalence estimates of lifetime suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts were 22.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 19.5-25.3%], 6.1% (95% CI 4.8-7.7%), and 3.2% (95% CI 2.2-4.5%), respectively. For 12-month prevalence, this was 10.6% (95% CI 9.1-12.3%), 3.0% (95% CI 2.1-4.0%), and 1.2% (95% CI 0.8-1.6%), respectively. Measures of heterogeneity were high for all outcomes (I 2 = 93.2-99.9%), indicating substantial between-study heterogeneity not due to sampling error. Pooled estimates were generally higher for females, as compared with males (risk ratios in the range 1.12-1.67). Higher STB estimates were also found in samples with lower response rates, when using broad definitions of suicidality, and in samples from Asia. CONCLUSIONS Based on the currently available evidence, STB seem to be common among college students. Future studies should: (1) incorporate refusal conversion strategies to obtain adequate response rates, and (2) use more fine-grained measures to assess suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mortier
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - P Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical,Neuro and Developmental Psychology,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam,the Netherlands
| | - G Kiekens
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - R P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry,Harvard Medical School,Boston,MA,USA
| | - K Demyttenaere
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
| | - J G Green
- School of Education,Boston University,Boston,MA,USA
| | - R C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy,Harvard Medical School,Harvard University,Boston,MA,USA
| | - M K Nock
- Department of Psychology,Harvard University,Cambridge,MA,USA
| | - R Bruffaerts
- Research Group Psychiatry,Department of Neurosciences,KU Leuven University,Leuven,Belgium
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Nelson JM, Liebel SW. Anxiety and depression among college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Cross-informant, sex, and subtype differences. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2018; 66:123-132. [PMID: 28937938 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1382499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined symptoms of anxiety and depression among college students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). PARTICIPANTS Data were collected between March 2011 and March 2016 from 150 college students with ADHD and 150 college students without ADHD. METHOD Participants with ADHD were compared to a sex- and ethnicity-matched control group. For the ADHD group, parent and self-report of anxiety and depression were also compared. RESULTS College students with ADHD self-reported significantly higher anxiety and depressive symptoms than did students without ADHD. Scores on parent-report measures of anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly higher than scores on self-report measures. Significant sex differences were found for participants with ADHD, with females showing higher depressive and anxiety symptoms than males. Parent-reported anxiety symptoms were higher for those with inattentive type ADHD compared to combined type ADHD. CONCLUSION The current study highlights the importance of multi-informant assessment in ADHD evaluations for college-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Nelson
- a University of Georgia Regents' Center for Learning Disorders , Athens , Georgia , USA
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- a University of Georgia Regents' Center for Learning Disorders , Athens , Georgia , USA
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BRUFFAERTS RONNY, MORTIER PHILIPPE, KIEKENS GLENN, AUERBACH RANDYP, CUIJPERS PIM, DEMYTTENAERE KOEN, GREEN JENNIFERG, NOCK MATTHEWK, KESSLER RONALDC. Mental health problems in college freshmen: Prevalence and academic functioning. J Affect Disord 2018; 225:97-103. [PMID: 28802728 PMCID: PMC5846318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health problems in college and their associations with academic performance are not well understood. The main aim of this study was to investigate to what extent mental health problems are associated with academic functioning. METHODS As part of the World Mental Health Surveys International College Student project, 12-month mental health problems among freshmen (N = 4921) was assessed in an e-survey of students at KU Leuven University in Leuven, Belgium. The associations of mental health problems with academic functioning (expressed in terms of academic year percentage [or AYP] and grade point average [GPA]) were examined across academic departments. RESULTS Approximately one in three freshman reports mental health problems in the past year, with internalizing and externalizing problems both associated with reduced academic functioning (2.9-4.7% AYP reduction, corresponding to 0.2-0.3 GPA reduction). The association of externalizing problems with individual-level academic functioning was significantly higher in academic departments with comparatively low average academic functioning. LIMITATIONS Limited sample size precluded further investigation of interactions between department-level and student-level variables. No information was available on freshman secondary school academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Mental health problems are common in college freshman, and clearly associated with lower academic functioning. Additional research is needed to examine the potentially causal nature of this association, and, if so, whether interventions aimed at treating mental health problems might improve academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- RONNY BRUFFAERTS
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum – KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - PHILIPPE MORTIER
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - GLENN KIEKENS
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - RANDY P AUERBACH
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - PIM CUIJPERS
- Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - KOEN DEMYTTENAERE
- Research Group Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven University, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum – KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - MATTHEW K NOCK
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - RONALD C KESSLER
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Sun L. Psychological strain and suicidal ideation: A comparison between Chinese and US college students. Psychiatry Res 2017; 255:256-262. [PMID: 28595148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to explore the relation between psychological strains and suicidal ideation among Chinese and American college students. Another secondary purpose of the study was to examine the reliability of the psychological strains scales (PPS: Ref) one more time in China and the United States in college populations. METHOD Samples of college students were randomly recruited from China and United States. All of 529 college students (aged 17-27, 68.9% female) completed self-report assessments of psychological strains (Psychological Strain Scale), suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation), and indicators of psychological well-being (e.g., depression, anxiety, and stress). RESULTS Empirical results show that Psychological Strain Scales (PSS) has a good reliability. Chinese college students reported higher suicide ideation scores than American students whereas there was no statistical difference in psychological strains. Psychological strains and, depression, anxiety, and stress, were positively related to suicidal ideation in both countries. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that psychological strain can significantly predict suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide support for the Strain Theory of Suicide for both Chinese and American college students and some measures can be taken to reduce psychological strains in students. However, future work could extend these findings by utilizing a longitudinal design to determine whether psychological strains are in fact antecedents, and not simply correlates, of suicide ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Shandong University School of Public health and Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Beijing, China; State University of New York Buffalo State Department of Sociology, New York, USA.
| | - Yanzheng Liu
- Shandong University School of Public health and Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Beijing, China
| | - Long Sun
- Shandong University School of Public health and Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Beijing, China
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