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Reyila A, Gao X, Yu J, Nie Y. Insight into the role of DNA methylation in prognosis and treatment response prediction of gastrointestinal cancers. Epigenomics 2025; 17:475-488. [PMID: 40084815 PMCID: PMC12026041 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2025.2476380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers impose a significant disease burden, underscoring the critical importance of accurate prognosis prediction and treatment response evaluation. DNA methylation, one of the most extensively studied epigenetic modifications, has gained prominence due to its reliable measurement across various sample types. Numerous studies have reported that DNA methylation was linked to the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response in malignancies, including GI cancers. While its diagnostic role in GI cancers has been comprehensively reviewed. Recent research has increasingly highlighted its potential in prognosis prediction and treatment response evaluation. However, no existing reviews have exclusively focused on these two aspects. In this review, we retrieved relevant studies and included 230 of them in our discussion, thereby providing an overview of the clinical applicability of aberrant DNA methylation in these two fields among patients with esophageal, gastric, colorectal, pancreatic cancers, and hepatocellular carcinomas. Additionally, we discuss the limitations of the current literature and propose directions for future research. Specifically, we emphasize the need for standardized DNA methylation methodologies and advocate for the integration of gene panels, rather than single genes, to address tumor heterogeneity more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudurousuli Reyila
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianchun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Tóth DM, Szeri F, Ashaber M, Muazu M, Székvölgyi L, Arányi T. Tissue-specific roles of de novo DNA methyltransferases. Epigenetics Chromatin 2025; 18:5. [PMID: 39819598 PMCID: PMC11740433 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2025] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation, catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), plays pivotal role in regulating embryonic development, gene expression, adaption to environmental stress, and maintaining genome integrity. DNMT family consists of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and the enzymatically inactive DNMT3L. DNMT3A and DNMT3B establish novel methylation patterns maintained by DNMT1 during replication. Genetic variants of DNMT3A and DNMT3B cause rare diseases such as Tatton-Brown-Rahman and ICF syndromes. Additionally, somatic mutations cause common conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), hematologic malignancies, and cancer. While DNMTs have been extensively studied in vitro, in early development and in disease, their detailed physiologic roles remain less understood as in vivo investigations are hindered by the embryonic or perinatal lethality of the knockout mice. To circumvent this problem, tissue-specific Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b knockouts were engineered. This review explores their diverse molecular roles across various organs and cell types and characterizes the phenotype of the knockout mice. We provide a comprehensive collection of over forty tissue-specific knockout models generated by cre recombinase. We highlight the distinct functions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B in germ cells, early development, uterus, hematopoietic differentiation, musculoskeletal development, visceral organs, and nervous system. Our findings indicate that DNMT3A primarily regulates hematopoietic differentiation, while DNMT3B is crucial for cartilage homeostasis and ossification. We emphasize the context-dependent roles of DNMT3A and DNMT3B and demonstrate that they also complement DNMT1 maintenance methyltransferase activity. Overall, the expression patterns of DNMTs across tissues provide insights into potential therapeutic applications for treating neurologic diseases, cancer, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Márton Tóth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Flóra Szeri
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Mária Ashaber
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Muhyiddeen Muazu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lóránt Székvölgyi
- Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, MTA-DE Momentum, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Arányi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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3
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Li W, Wei J, Cheng M, Liu M. Unveiling promising targets in gastric cancer therapy: A comprehensive review. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200857. [PMID: 39280587 PMCID: PMC11396074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking fifth in incidence and third in mortality among all malignancies worldwide. Its insidious onset, aggressive growth, proclivity for metastasis, and limited treatment options have contributed to its high fatality rate. Traditional approaches for GC treatment primarily involve surgery and chemotherapy. However, there is growing interest in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. This comprehensive review highlights recent advancements in GC targeted therapy and immunotherapy. It delves into the mechanisms of various strategies, underscoring their potential in GC treatment. Additionally, the review evaluates the efficacy and safety of relevant clinical trials. Despite the benefits observed in numerous advanced GC patients with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, challenges persist. We discuss pertinent strategies to overcome these challenges, thereby providing a solid foundation for enhancing the clinical effectiveness of targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Li
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Mo Cheng
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Gastric Cancer Center/Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610041, China
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4
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Zhang YL, Wang YW, He MJ, Chang JL. An updated meta-analysis investigating the association between DNMTs gene polymorphism andgastric cancer risk. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293466. [PMID: 37878642 PMCID: PMC10599511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a prominent global health issue, as it ranks as the fifth most prevalent type of cancer and the fourth most significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although H. pylori is known to play a role in the development of GC, genetic factors also play a role in its onset and progression. Recent studies have shown that genetic polymorphisms are strongly associated with the development of GC and that certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prevention. Epigenetic disturbances, such as DNA methylation, are involved in the development of GC, and mutations in the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) gene have been found to increase the risk of GC. However, previous findings on the association between DNMTs SNPs and GC risk have been inconsistent. In this study, an updated meta-analysis of three well-studied and controversial DNMTs polymorphic loci, DNMT1 rs16999593, DNMT3A rs1550117 and DNMT3B rs1569686, was performed to provide more reliable results. It was found that DNMT1 rs16999593 was not associated with GC, DNMT3A rs1550117 may have a positive association with GC risk, and DNMT3B rs1569686 may be a protective factor for GC. These findings may provide valuable information for early diagnosis and prevention of GC, but further studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, Changzhi, China
| | - Yu-Wei Wang
- Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, Changzhi, China
| | - Ming-Jie He
- Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi Province, Changzhi, China
| | - Jian-Lan Chang
- Department of Oncology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi, Changzhi, China
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5
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De Marco K, Sanese P, Simone C, Grossi V. Histone and DNA Methylation as Epigenetic Regulators of DNA Damage Repair in Gastric Cancer and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4976. [PMID: 37894343 PMCID: PMC10605360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC), one of the most common malignancies worldwide, is a heterogeneous disease developing from the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes. One of the most critical epigenetic alterations in GC is DNA and histone methylation, which affects multiple processes in the cell nucleus, including gene expression and DNA damage repair (DDR). Indeed, the aberrant expression of histone methyltransferases and demethylases influences chromatin accessibility to the DNA repair machinery; moreover, overexpression of DNA methyltransferases results in promoter hypermethylation, which can suppress the transcription of genes involved in DNA repair. Several DDR mechanisms have been recognized so far, with homologous recombination (HR) being the main pathway involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. An increasing number of defective HR genes are emerging in GC, resulting in the identification of important determinants of therapeutic response to DDR inhibitors. This review describes how both histone and DNA methylation affect DDR in the context of GC and discusses how alterations in DDR can help identify new molecular targets to devise more effective therapeutic strategies for GC, with a particular focus on HR-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (K.D.M.); (P.S.)
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6
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Zhang Y, Tao G, Liu P, Lu K, Han Z, Liu H, Du M, Wang M, Chu H, Zhang Z. Evaluation of genetic variants in nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex subunits encoding genes and gastric cancer susceptibility. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1739-1749. [PMID: 35362730 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic complex NuRD (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase) engages in a range of basic cellular processes, including chromatin modification. Changes in the activity of NuRD complex can influence gastric cancer progression. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and gastric cancer risk. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the genotypes and gene expression levels using data from the genotype tissue expression project (GTEx). Gene expression was calculated using databases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to evaluate the association between gene expression and survival. SNP rs11064275 T allele in CHD4, rs892022 A allele and rs2033481 A allele in GATAD2A were found to contribute to the decreased risk of gastric cancer. The increase in the number of favorable alleles of these three SNPs was associated with a lower risk of gastric cancer. rs2033481 and rs892022 were substantially correlated with GATAD2A mRNA expression levels. Meanwhile, we detected that the CHD4 and GATAD2A mRNA expression was increased in gastric cancer tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, we found that patients with higher CHD4 or GATAD2A mRNA expression level had more advantageous overall survival. Our findings indicated that genetic variants in NuRD complex subunits encoding genes may be promising predictors of gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoquan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhichao Han
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanting Liu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Genomics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Purkait S, Patra S, Mitra S, Behera MM, Panigrahi MK, Kumar P, Kar M, Hallur V, Chandra Samal S. Elevated Expression of DNA Methyltransferases and Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 in Helicobacter pylori - Gastritis and Gastric Carcinoma. Dig Dis 2021; 40:156-167. [PMID: 33895728 DOI: 10.1159/000516478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to study the role of key epigenetic regulators pertaining to DNA methylation and histone-modification systems in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-associated gastritis and gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS The expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT-1, 3A, and 3B) and the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex-2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2 [EZH2]) in gastric carcinomas (n = 104), mucosa adjacent to carcinoma (n = 104), HP-associated gastritis (n = 95), and histologically normal mucosa (n = 31) was assessed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. RESULTS The expression of all 3 DNMTs and EZH2 was significantly higher in HP-associated gastritis and carcinoma cases than in those with adjacent and normal mucosa. The expression of DNMT-1 and 3B was maximum in HP-associated gastritis. DNMT-3A showed higher expression in carcinoma-adjacent mucosa than in normal mucosa. Interestingly, the expression of EZH2 was higher in cases of HP-associated gastritis with metaplasia than in those without metaplasia and also in cases of intestinal type of adenocarcinoma. Significant positive correlation of EZH2 was identified with DNMT-1, DNMT-3A, and DNMT-3B. However, none of these markers was associated with survival outcome. CONCLUSION This study establishes an important role of the key epigenetic regulators in the pathogenesis of both HP-associated gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Higher expression of all the epigenetic markers in the gastritis and their persistence in the carcinoma point toward their implications in HP-driven gastric carcinogenesis. Further, an inter-relation between the 2 arms of epigenetics, namely, DNA methylation and histone-modification in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma, is also documented. Given the reversibility of epigenetic phenomenon, these molecules may be of important therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvendu Purkait
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Susama Patra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Suvradeep Mitra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Minakshi M Behera
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manas Kumar Panigrahi
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Madhabananda Kar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vinaykumar Hallur
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subash Chandra Samal
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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Li Y, Yan J, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang C, Li G. LINC00240 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation, migration and EMT via the miR-124-3p / DNMT3B axis. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:1079-1088. [PMID: 32526811 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of prevalent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Long noncoding RNA is related to various cancers. Our study was conducted to explore the biological effects of LINC00240 on the tumorigenesis of GC and uncover its possible mechanisms. LINC00240 expression was determined in GC cell lines and samples through quantitative Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). The functional effects of LINC00240 were validated using in vitro and in vivo assays. Targets were assessed by AGO2-dependent RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase report assays. Our findings suggested higher LINC00240 expression in GC tissues and cells. Through downregulating LINC00240, cell proliferation, invasion and migration were retarded in vitro, and tumorigenesis of GC cells was notably suppressed in vivo. Further research showed that LINC00240 was a cytoplasmic lncRNA that shared miRNA response elements of microRNA (miR)-124-3p with DNMT3B, thus forming a LINC00240/miR-124-3p/DNMT3B axis explaining the functions of LINC00240. In a word, our study reveals that LINC00240 promotes GC tumorigenesis via a LINC00240/miR-124-3p/DNMT3B axis as an oncogene. These findings objectivise that LINC00240 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for GC. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death across the world. Then we analysed lncRNA microarray of GC and selected LINC00240 as the study object. Therefore, the potential molecular mechanism as well as physiological function of LINC00240 in GC was discussed. Then we reveal that LINC00240 acts as an oncogene in GC progression via the miR-99a-5p/IGF1R axis. This study is the first to demonstrate the roles of LINC00240 in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Caifeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Guohua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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9
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Xu K, Chen B, Li B, Li C, Zhang Y, Jiang N, Lang B. DNMT3B silencing suppresses migration and invasion by epigenetically promoting miR-34a in bladder cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:23668-23683. [PMID: 33221743 PMCID: PMC7762500 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) in tumorigenesis and development has been widely recognized; however, the mechanism underlying its action remains unclear. Considering its function in de novo methylation, we aimed to investigate whether DNMT3B plays its role via microRNA (miR)-34a promoter methylation in bladder cancer. We found that DNMT3B expression was low in 10 bladder cancer tissues and high in 20 bladder cancer tissues. miR-34a expression was higher in bladder cancer tissues with low expression of DNMT3B than that in bladder cancer tissues with high expression of DNMT3B. The level of miR-34a was negatively correlated with the level of DNMT3B. The methylation ratio of the miR-34a promoter was positively correlated with the level of DNMT3B and negatively correlated with the level of miR-34a. DNMT3B knockdown increased the expression of miR-34a and the transcriptional activity of the miR-34a promoter, while decreasing miR-34a promoter methylation. DNMT3B knockdown inhibited migration and invasion, while decreasing the protein levels of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma and Notch1 which are downstream targets of miR-34a. These inhibitory effects of DNMT3B were mitigated by the miR-34a inhibitor. In conclusion, DNMT3B silencing suppresses migration and invasion by epigenetically promoting miR-34a in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Binshen Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingkun Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoming Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Lang
- School of Health Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao, People's Republic of China
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10
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Bian J, Long JY, Yang X, Yang XB, Xu YY, Lu X, Sang XT, Zhao HT. Signature based on molecular subtypes of deoxyribonucleic acid methylation predicts overall survival in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:6414-6430. [PMID: 33244202 PMCID: PMC7656213 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i41.6414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Epigenetic alterations contribute to tumor heterogeneity in early stages.
AIM To identify the specific deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation sites that influence the prognosis of GC patients and explore the prognostic value of a model based on subtypes of DNA methylation.
METHODS Patients were randomly classified into training and test sets. Prognostic DNA methylation sites were identified by integrating DNA methylation profiles and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas GC cohort. In the training set, unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to identify distinct subgroups based on methylation status. A risk score model was built based on Kaplan-Meier, least absolute shrinkage and selector operation, and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A test set was used to validate this model.
RESULTS Three subgroups based on DNA methylation profiles in the training set were identified using 1061 methylation sites that were significantly associated with survival. These methylation subtypes reflected differences in T, N, and M category, age, stage, and prognosis. Forty-one methylation sites were screened as specific hyper- or hypomethylation sites for each specific subgroup. Enrichment analysis revealed that they were mainly involved in pathways related to carcinogenesis, tumor growth, and progression. Finally, two methylation sites were chosen to generate a prognostic model. The high-risk group showed a markedly poor prognosis compared to the low-risk group in both the training [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.24, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-3.92, P < 0.001] and test (HR = 2.12, 95%CI: 1.19-3.78, P = 0.002) datasets.
CONCLUSION DNA methylation-based classification reflects the epigenetic heterogeneity of GC and may contribute to predicting prognosis and offer novel insights for individualized treatment of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Bian
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Yu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yi-Yao Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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11
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Effect of DNMT3A polymorphisms on CpG island hypermethylation in gastric mucosa. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:205. [PMID: 33066747 PMCID: PMC7562764 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-01142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background CpG methylation of tumor suppressor genes occurs in the early stage of carcinogenesis. Detecting risk factors for aberrant CpG methylation is clinically important for predicting cancer development. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3a is considered to play critical roles in the DNA methylation process during pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the association between DNMT3A polymorphisms (rs6733868 and rs13428812) and CpG methylation status in non-cancerous gastric mucosa. Methods We determined the DNMT3A genotype and CpG methylation status of 4 genes (p14ARF, p16INK4a, DAPK, and CDH1) in 510 subjects without gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection status was determined by the rapid urease test, urea breath test, speculum examination, or serum antibody test. We determined the DNMT3A genotype using polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). CpG methylation status was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). When the methylated band was stronger than 10 ng/μL according to the DNA marker, we judged CpG island hypermethylation (CIHM) to be present. Associations between genotypes and susceptibilities were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Results The minor allele frequencies of both polymorphisms (rs6733868 and rs13428812) were lower in the CpG methylated groups of each of the 4 genes (p14ARF, p16INK4a, DAPK, and CDH1). Using a dominant genetic model, rs6733868 was significantly associated with the hypermethylation of each gene, whereas rs13428812 was associated with the methylation of 3 genes (all except p14ARF). When low-CIHM was defined as 1 or 2 CpG islands methylated and high-CIHM was defined as 3 or more CpG islands methylated, carrying the minor allele of rs6733868 was associated with both decreased low- and high-CIHM, and that of rs13428812 also was associated with a decrease. Comparing low-CIHM with high-CIHM, carrying the minor alleles of rs6733868 or rs13428812 was related to decreased susceptibility to high-CIHM. In HP-infected subjects, carrying the minor alleles of rs6733868 or rs13428812 had a significantly greater association with decreased susceptibility to high-CIHM. Conclusions Our study indicates that polymorphisms of DNMT3A are associated with the accumulation of gene methylation in gastric mucosa. Carrying the minor alleles of rs6733868 or rs13428812 inhibits aberrant gene methylations, which are typically enhanced by HP infection.
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12
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Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) in Malignant Progression of Gallbladder Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 52:1029-1034. [PMID: 33051796 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data related to the role of epigenetic modifications in gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is limited. We intended to assess the role of crucial epigenetic modifiers pertaining to histone modification and DNA-methylation system in gallbladder carcinogenesis. METHODS The expression of EZH2, H3K27me3, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in cases of GBC (n = 39), gallbladder dysplasia (GBD, n = 12), and benign mucosa (BM, n = 16). A semi-quantitative scoring system was used for assessing the immunohistochemical expression. RESULTS The expression of EZH2 was significantly higher in cases of GBC than GBD (p value 0.001). The cases of BM were negative. Its expression was also higher in poorly differentiated tumors and positively correlated with the proliferative activity (MIB-1 labeling index) (p value 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of H3K27me3, DNMT-1, and DNMT-3B among GBC, GBD, and BM cases. Although GBC cases with strong EZH2 expression showed a shorter overall survival, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION This study highlights the crucial role of the key epigenetic regulators EZH2 in the pathobiology and evolution of gallbladder carcinogenesis. Given the reversibility of epigenetic alterations, EZH2 may be a novel therapeutic target for gallbladder carcinogenesis.
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13
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Sanaei M, Kavoosi F. Effect of Zebularine in Comparison to and in Combination with Trichostatin A on CIP/KIP Family (p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2), DNMTs (DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b), Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) Gene Expression, Cell Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis Induction in Colon Cancer LS 174T Cell Line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2131-2139. [PMID: 32711442 PMCID: PMC7573409 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.7.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A pattern of epigenetic modifications and changes, DNA methylation and histone modification, is central to many human cancers. A variety of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) have been demonstrated to be silenced because of histone deacetylation and DNA hypermethylation in several cancers. Recent in vitro studies have shown that two known mechanisms of epigenetic alteration consisting of methylation and histone deacetylation seem to be the best candidate mechanisms for inactivation of CIP/KIP family (p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, and p27Kip1) in numerous cancers. Numerous investigations have indicated that DNA demethylating and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) can restore the CIP/KIP family gene expression. Previously, we evaluated the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR) on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of zebularine in comparison to and in combination with trichostatin A on p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, p57Kip2, DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, Class I HDACs (HDACs 1, 2, 3) and Class II HDACs (HDACs 4, 5, 6) gene expression, cell growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in colon cancer LS 174T cell line. Materials and Methods: The colon cancer LS 174T cell line was cultured and treated with zebularine and TSA. To determine cell viability, apoptosis, and the relative expression level of the genes, MTT assay, cell apoptosis assay, and qRT-PCR were done respectively. Results: Both compounds significantly inhibited cell growth, and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, both compounds increased p21Cip1/Waf1/Sdi1, p27Kip1, and p57Kip2 significantly. Additionally, zebularine and TSA decreased DNMTs and HDACs gene expression respectively. Conclusion: The zebularine and trichostatin A can reactivate the CIP/KIP family through inhibition of DNMTs and HDACs genes activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masumeh Sanaei
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Fraidoon Kavoosi
- Research Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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14
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Liu W, Luo B. The impact of EBV on the epigenetics of gastric carcinoma. Future Virol 2020. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
EBV is an important human tumor virus and is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of tumors, involving 10% of gastric cancer. In EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), EBV expresses restrict viral genes including EBV nuclear antigen 1, EBV encoded small RNAs, Bam HI-A rightward transcripts, latent membrane protein 2A and miRNAs. The role of EBV in gastric carcinogenesis has received increasing attention and is considered to be another pathogenic factor in addition to Helicobacter pylori. A typical characteristic of EBVaGC is the extensive methylation of viral and host genome. Combined with other epigenetic mechanisms, EBV infection acts as an epigenetic driver of EBVaGC oncogenesis. In this review we discuss recent findings of EBV effect on host epigenetic alterations in EBVaGC and its role in oncogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
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15
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Kataoka I, Funata S, Nagahama K, Isogaya K, Takeuchi H, Abe N, Shibahara J. DNMT3A overexpression is associated with aggressive behavior and enteroblastic differentiation of gastric adenocarcinoma. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020; 44:151456. [PMID: 31862523 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) with enteroblastic differentiation is a subset of gastric cancer with poor prognosis. RNA-Seq data of The Cancer Genome Atlas of GA (TCGA-STAD) revealed a positive correlation between SALL4, a representative enteroblastic marker, and DNMT3A expression. Here, we conducted immunohistochemical analysis of GA to clarify the clinicopathological significance of DNMT3A expression and its correlation with enteroblastic differentiation. Of the 346 cases of solitary GA analyzed, 120 (34.7%) showed unequivocal DNMT3A nuclear expression. DNMT3A expression was associated with Lauren's intestinal type, papillary and tubular architectures, high frequency of lymphatic and vascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis (each, P < 0.01). Log-rank test revealed that DNMT3A-positive cases recurred more frequently with a predilection for liver metastasis (P < 0.01) and showed poorer overall and recurrence-free survival (each, P < 0.05). With respect to surrogate markers of molecular subtypes, DNMT3A-positive cases more frequently showed p53 overexpression (P < 0.001). Consistent with the results of TCGA data analysis, DNMT3A-positive cases exhibited enteroblastic morphology (18.3% vs. 0.9%, P < 0.001) and expressed enteroblastic markers, SALL4 (32.5% vs. 3.1%, P < 0.001) and glypican-3 (22.5% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.001) more frequently than did DNMT3A-negative cases. Additionally, GAs showing enteroblastic differentiation, morphologically or immunohistochemically, expressed DNMT3A with significantly higher frequency and intensity than did conventional GAs (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest DNMT3A as a potential therapeutic target for this conventional therapy-refractory cancer subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kataoka
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan; Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sayaka Funata
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagahama
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Isogaya
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Nobutsugu Abe
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Junji Shibahara
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan.
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16
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Norollahi SE, Mansour-Ghanaei F, Joukar F, Ghadarjani S, Mojtahedi K, Gharaei Nejad K, Hemmati H, Gharibpoor F, Khaksar R, Samadani AA. Therapeutic approach of Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in gastric adenocarcinoma; DNA methyltransferases enzymes in cancer targeted therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108958. [PMID: 31075731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) show a remarkable sub class of cancer cells population which have a potential to organize and regulate stemness properties which possess a main particular responsibility for uncontrolled growth in carcinogenesis, production of different cancers in differentiated situation and also resistancy to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Correspondingly, gastric cancer (GC) as a very serious type in cancer mortality in the world, has received a deep attention in molecular therapy recently. Besides the main characteristics of CSCs like differentiation, epithelial mesenchymal transition, self-renewal and metastasis, they are so effective in expression of stemness genes resistancy in radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In this way, the regulation of epigenetic elements including DNA methylation and the performance of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) which is a notable epigenetic trait in GC, is of great importance. Inhibitors of DNA methylation are the first epigenetic drugs in cancer therapy. Considerably, recent studies indicate that low doses of DNMT inhibitors have a high potential in sustaining reduced DNA methylation and related with re-expression of silenced genes in tumorigenesis. Importantly, these certain doses have the ability to decrease the carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis in CSC populations within GC. Meaningly, the inhibition of DNMTs are able to reduce the accumulation of tumorigenic ability of GC CSCs. Furthermore, many epigenetic drugs have a great potential in cancer therapy, including histone methyltransferases, lysine demethylases, histone deacetylasesand, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain proteins and DNA methyltransferases inhibitors. In this review article, we try to focus on the therapeutic mechanism of DNMTs alongside with their impact on CSCs in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syedeh Elham Norollahi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shervin Ghadarjani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kourosh Mojtahedi
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kaveh Gharaei Nejad
- Skin Research Center, Dermatology Department, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardare Jangal Street, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Hemmati
- Razi Clinical Research Development Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Faeze Gharibpoor
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Roya Khaksar
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Gastrointestinal and liver diseases research center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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17
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Jing W, Otsuka T, Nakamura M, Sakurai N, Takano H, Hayashi T, Ota M, Nomura T, Hayashi R, Shimasaki T, Tahara T, Shibata T, Arisawa T. Association of genetic polymorphisms in DNMT3A with the progression of gastric mucosal atrophy and susceptibility to gastric cancer in Japan. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:3482-3488. [PMID: 30867787 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in the DNMT3A gene are associated with susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Japanese population. The present case-control study examined the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs6733868 and rs13428812) in DNMT3A and cancer susceptibility in 343 patients with gastric cancer and 708 subjects without gastric malignancies on upper gastro-duodenal endoscopy. Of 708 controls, 409 were classified into two groups histologically: 99 cases with and 310 cases without gastric mucosal atrophy. Overall, homozygosity for the DNMT3A rs6733868 minor allele was significantly associated with a reduced risk of gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.621; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.402-0.958; P=0.031), especially of the intestinal type (OR, 0.494; 95% CI, 0.274-0.890; P=0.019). In subjects >60 years, rs6733868 minor allele homozygosity was significantly associated with gastric cancer susceptibility. Carriers of the rs6733868 minor allele had a reduced risk of severe gastric mucosal atrophy (OR, 0.495; 95% CI, 0.299-0.826; P=0.0069). In addition, the number of minor alleles of both rs6733868 and rs13428812 was significantly correlated with the risk of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection (P=0.0070 and P=0.0050, respectively). However, rs13428812 was not associated with severe gastric mucosal atrophy or gastric carcinogenesis. The present results suggest that DNMT3A polymorphisms serve roles in the progression from HP infection to gastric mucosal atrophy and gastric carcinogenesis in terms of degree and manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshimi Otsuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Naoko Sakurai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoe Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ranji Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takeo Shimasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fujita Health University, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomiyasu Arisawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada-machi, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
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18
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Zhang YY, Zhou JD, Yang DQ, He PF, Yao DM, Qian Z, Yang J, Xu WR, Lin J, Qian J. Intragenic hypomethylation of DNMT3A in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2018; 56:485-491. [PMID: 29031013 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNMT3A is a DNA methyltransferase that acts in de novo methylation. Aberrant expression of DNMT3A has been reported in several human diseases, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, the pattern of DNMT3A methylation remains unknown in MDS. METHODS The present study was aimed to investigate the methylation status of DNMT3A intragenic differentially methylated region 2 (DMR2) using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR and analyze its clinical significance in MDS. RESULTS Aberrant hypomethylation of DNMT3A was found in 57% (51/90) MDS cases. There were no significant differences in age, sex, white blood cell counts, platelet counts, hemoglobin counts and World Health Organization, International Prognostic Scoring System and karyotype classifications between DNMT3A hypomethylated and DNMT3A hypermethylated groups. However, the patients with DNMT3A hypomethylation had shorter overall survival time than those without DNMT3A hypomethylation (11 months vs. 36 months, p=0.033). Multivariate analysis confirmed the independent adverse impact of DNMT3A hypomethylation in MDS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that DNMT3A DMR2 hypomethylation may be a negative prognostic hallmark in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Yizheng People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qin Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Pin-Fang He
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Yao
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, Medical Key Talent Project of Zhenjiang, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, P.R. China, Fax: +86.511.85234387
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,The Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, 8 Dianli Rd., 212002 Zhenjiang, P.R. China, Fax: +86.511.85234387
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19
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Fattahi S, Golpour M, Amjadi-Moheb F, Sharifi-Pasandi M, Khodadadi P, Pilehchian-Langroudi M, Ashrafi GH, Akhavan-Niaki H. DNA methyltransferases and gastric cancer: insight into targeted therapy. Epigenomics 2018; 10:1477-1497. [PMID: 30325215 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major health problem worldwide occupying most frequent causes of cancer-related mortality. In addition to genetic modifications, epigenetic alterations catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are a well-characterized epigenetic hallmark in gastric cancer. The reversible nature of epigenetic alterations and central role of DNA methylation in diverse biological processes provides an opportunity for using DNMT inhibitors to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In this review, we discussed key factors or mechanisms such as SNPs, infections and genetic modifications that trigger DNMTs level modification in gastric cancer, and their potential roles in cancer progression. Finally, we focused on how inhibitors of the DNMTs can most effectively be used for the treatment of gastric cancer with multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Fattahi
- Cellular & Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran.,North Research Center, Pasteur Institute, Amol, 4615885399, Iran
| | - Monireh Golpour
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | - Marzieh Sharifi-Pasandi
- Molecular & Cell Biology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, 4817844718, Iran
| | - Parastesh Khodadadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Gholam Hossein Ashrafi
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry, SEC Faculty, Cancer Theme, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, 4717647745, Babol, Iran
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20
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Zhang S, Pei M, Li Z, Li H, Liu Y, Li J. Double-negative feedback interaction between DNA methyltransferase 3A and microRNA-145 in the Warburg effect of ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2734-2745. [PMID: 29993160 PMCID: PMC6125441 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy because of its poor prognosis. The Warburg effect is one of the key mechanisms mediating cancer progression. Molecules targeting the Warburg effect are therefore of significant therapeutic value for the treatment of cancers. Many microRNAs (miR) are dysregulated in cancers, and aberrant miR expression patterns have been suggested to correlate with the Warburg effect in cancer cells. In our study, we found that miR-145 negatively correlated with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)3A expression at cellular/histological levels. miR-145 inhibited the Warburg effect by targeting HK2. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-145-mediated downregulation of DNMT3A occurred through direct targeting of its mRNA 3'-UTRs, whereas methylation-specific PCR (MSP) assays found that knockdown of DNMT3A increased mRNA level of miR-145 and decreased methylation levels of promoter regions in the miR-145 precursor gene, thus suggesting a crucial crosstalk between miR-145 and DNMT3A by a double-negative feedback loop. DNMT3A promoted the Warburg effect through miR-145. Coimmunoprecipitation assays confirmed no direct binding between DNMT3A and HK2. In conclusion, a feedback loop between miR-145 and DNMT3A is a potent signature for the Warburg effect in ovarian cancer, promising a potential target for improved anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songlin Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meili Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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DNA methyltransferase 3A isoform b contributes to repressing E-cadherin through cooperation of DNA methylation and H3K27/H3K9 methylation in EMT-related metastasis of gastric cancer. Oncogene 2018; 37:4358-4371. [PMID: 29717263 PMCID: PMC6085280 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) has been recognised as a key element of epigenetic regulation in normal development, and the aberrant regulation of DNMT3A is implicated in multiple types of cancers, especially haematological malignancies. However, its clinical significance and detailed functional role in solid tumours remain unknown, although abnormal expression has gained widespread attention in these cancers. Here, we show that DNMT3A isoform b (DNMT3Ab), a member of the DNMT3A isoform family, is critical for directing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated metastasis in gastric cancer (GC). DNMT3Ab is positively linked to tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in GC patients. Overexpression of DNMT3Ab promotes GC cell migration and invasion as well as EMT through repression of E-cadherin. Meanwhile, DNMT3Ab promotes lung metastasis of GC in vivo. Mechanistic studies indicate that DNMT3Ab mediates the epigenetic inaction of the E-cadherin gene via DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications of H3K9me2 and H3K27me3. Depletion of DNMT3Ab effectively restores the expression of E-cadherin and reverses TGF-β-induced EMT by reducing DNA methylation, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 levels at the E-cadherin promoter. Importantly, DNMT3Ab cooperated with H3K9me2 and H3K27me3 contributes to the transcriptional regulation of E-cadherin in a Snail-dependent manner. Further, gene expression profiling analysis indicates that multiple metastasis-associated genes and oncogenic signalling pathways are regulated in response to DNMT3Ab overexpression. These results identify DNMT3Ab as a crucial regulator of metastasis-related genes in GC. Targeting the DNMT3Ab/Snail/E-cadherin axis may provide a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of metastatic GC with high DNMT3Ab expression.
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Jahangiri R, Mosaffa F, Emami Razavi A, Teimoori‐Toolabi L, Jamialahmadi K. Altered DNA methyltransferases promoter methylation and mRNA expression are associated with tamoxifen response in breast tumors. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:7305-7319. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Jahangiri
- Department of Medical BiotechnologyFaculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Fatemeh Mosaffa
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiotechnologySchool of PharmacyMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Amirnader Emami Razavi
- Iran National Tumor BankCancer Biology Research CenterCancer Institute of IranTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research CenterPharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Zhou J, Shi J, Fu X, Mao B, Wang W, Li W, Li G, Zhou S. Linc00441 interacts with DNMT1 to regulate RB1 gene methylation and expression in gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37471-37479. [PMID: 30680063 PMCID: PMC6331029 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that several Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are associated with progression of gastric cancer (GC), while the functional role and molecular mechanism of many GC-associated lncRNAs remain undetermined. The tumor suppressor-gene retinoblastoma gene (RB1) was decreased in several human cancers including gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we investigated whether Linc00441 was involved in the suppression of RB1. Our findings showed that the up-regulated Linc00441 was inversely correlated with RB1 expression in human GC tumor samples. The gain- and loss-of-function investigation revealed that Linc00441 could promote the proliferation of GC cells. Furthermore, RNA pull down and RIP assays demonstrated that Linc00441 could recruit DNMT1 to the RB1 promoter and suppressed RB1 expression in GC cells. In conclusion, our findings revealed that Linc00441 played crucial role in GC progression and suggested that Linc00441 was potentially an effective target for GC therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Xingli Fu
- Health Science Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Boneng Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Weimin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Weiling Li
- Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Gang Li
- Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
| | - Sujun Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Yixing People's Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Yixing 214200, Jiangsu, P.R China
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DNMT1 overexpression predicting gastric carcinogenesis, subsequent progression and prognosis: a meta and bioinformatic analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:96396-96408. [PMID: 29221215 PMCID: PMC5707109 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DNMT1 is important in maintaining DNA methylation, and participates in the oncogenesis via up- or down-regulation leading to hyper-methylation or hypo-methylation. In the meta and bioinformatic analysis, we found that DNMT1 expression was higher in gastric cancer, compared with normal (p < 0.00001), para-cancerous (p = 0.0004) and dysplasia (p < 0.00001) tissues. DNMT1 up-regulation was associated with gender (OR = 2.27, p = 0.006), differentiation (OR = 0.21, p = 0.01) and TNM stage (OR = 0.31, p = 0.0005). Through TCGA database, DNMT1 overexpression increased gastric cancer risk, but unrelated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Kaplan-Meier plotter showed, an increasing expression of DNMT1 was positive for overall survival rates of patients with stage III and IV (P = 0.044; P = 0.047), N2 and N1-3 phases of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023; P = 0.032), as well as those with or without distant metastasis (P = 0.0052; P = 0.021). For DNMT1 negative patients, the progression-free survival rates was better in patients with Her2+ or Her2- than positive ones (P = 0.00015; P = 0.031). Besides, surgery alone was effective for the overall survival rates in patients with DNMT1 high expression (P = 0.035), while 5-Fu was useful for those with low expression (P < 0.05). In conclusion, these findings provided evidence that DNMT1 expression might be employed as a potential marker to indicate gastric carcinogenesis and subsequent progression, even prognosis.
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25
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Zeng XQ, Wang J, Chen SY. Methylation modification in gastric cancer and approaches to targeted epigenetic therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1921-1933. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Immunohistochemical evaluation of Klotho and DNA methyltransferase 3a in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Med Mol Morphol 2017; 50:155-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-017-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Supic G, Kozomara R, Zeljic K, Jovic N, Magic Z. Prognostic value of the DNMTs mRNA expression and genetic polymorphisms on the clinical outcome in oral cancer patients. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 21:173-182. [PMID: 26966018 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although the importance of the epigenetic changes in tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), is now becoming apparent, the mechanisms that trigger or cause aberrant DNA methylation in cancer are still unrevealed. DNA methylation is regulated by a family of enzymes, DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMT gene expression analysis, as well as genetic polymorphisms, has not been previously evaluated in OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 65 OSCC patients, SYBR Green real-time PCR method was assessed for relative quantification of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B mRNAs, normalized to TATA-binding protein (TBP) mRNA. The expression levels of all three genes were dichotomized as high or low, with a twofold change of normalized mRNA expression used as the cutoff value. Polymorphisms in DNMT1 (rs2228612) and DNMT3B (rs406193) were analyzed in 99 OSCCs by TaqMan SNPs genotyping assays. RESULTS DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B were overexpressed in 36.9, 26, and 23 % of the OSCC patients, respectively. DNMT1 overexpression was significantly associated with the overall survival, p = 0.029, and relapse-free survival of OSCC patients, p = 0.003. Patients with DNMT1 overexpression, as an independent prognostic factor, had a 2.385 times higher risk to relapse than those with lower expression. The DNMT1 A201G gene polymorphism was associated with a reduced overall survival in OSCC patients, p = 0.036. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DNMT1 could play an important role in modulating OSCC patient survival. CLINICAL RELEVANCE DNMT gene expression could be a potential prognostic marker that might lead to an improvement in diagnosis, prognosis, and prospective use of epigenetic-targeted therapy of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Supic
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia.
| | - Ruzica Kozomara
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Zeljic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Jovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zvonko Magic
- Faculty of Medicine, Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Crnotravska 17, Belgrade, 11002, Serbia
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Combined effects of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3A polymorphisms and urinary total arsenic levels on the risk for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang J, Wang T, Xu J, Chen W, Shi W, Cheng J, Liu P, Zhou X. Prognostic significance of X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 expression in gastric cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2016; 28:355-61. [PMID: 27478321 PMCID: PMC4949281 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2016.03.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study is to identify the prognostic significance of X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) in patients with gastric cancer undergoing surgery and platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate XRCC1 protein expression profiles on surgical specimens of 612 gastric cancer patients. The relationship between XRCC1 expression and existing prognostic factors, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results Among 612 patients staged Ⅱ/Ⅲ in our study, 182 (29.74%) were evaluated as XRCC1 IHC positive. XRCC1 expression was not significantly related to OS (P = 0.347) or DFS (P = 0.297). Compared with surgery only, platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the OS (P = 0.031). And the patients with negative XRCC1 expression benefited more from platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (P = 0.049). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size, T category, N category, vascular or nerve invasion and platinum-based chemotherapy were good prognostic factors for OS (P < 0.05). Though XRCC1 plays an important role in DNA repair pathways, no significant relationship is found in XRCC1 expression and OS among gastric cancer in our study.
Conclusions XRCC1 might be an alternative prognostic marker for the patients of gastric cancer after radical resection. The patients with negative XRCC1 expression can benefit more from platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention & Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - WenJiao Chen
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianfeng Cheng
- Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina Charlotte Campus, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Ping Liu
- Carolinas Medical Center, University of North Carolina Charlotte Campus, Charlotte, NC 28203, USA
| | - Xiqiao Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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30
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Wang X, Chen E, Yang X, Wang Y, Quan Z, Wu X, Luo C. 5-azacytidine inhibits the proliferation of bladder cancer cells via reversal of the aberrant hypermethylation of the hepaCAM gene. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1375-84. [PMID: 26677113 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule (hepaCAM), a tumor-suppressor gene, is rarely expressed in bladder carcinoma. However, little is known concerning the mechanisms of low hepaCAM expression in bladder cancer. Abnormal hypermethylation in the promoter plays a crucial role in cancer by silencing tumor-suppressor genes, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). In the present study, a total of 31 bladder cancer and 22 adjacent tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry to detect DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM expression. Methylation of hepaCAM was determined by methylation‑specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). The mRNA and protein levels of DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM were determined by RT-PCR and western blot analysis after treatment with 5-azacytidine (AZAC). Following AZAC treatment, the proliferation of bladder cancer cells was detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell cycle distribution was examined by flow cytometry. To further evaluate the tumor‑suppressive roles of AZAC and the involved mechanisms, the anti-tumorigenicity of AZAC was tested in vivo. The expression of DNMT3A/3B protein was markedly increased in the bladder carcinoma tissues (P<0.05), and had a negative linear correlation with hepaCAM expression in the same patients according to Pearson's analysis (r=-0.7176/-0.7127, P<0.05). The MSP results indicated that the hepaCAM gene was hypermethylated in three bladder cancer cell lines. Furthermore, we found that downregulation of DNMT3A/3B expression, after treatment with AZAC, reversed the hypermethylation and expression of hepaCAM in bladder cancer cells. In addition, AZAC inhibited the proliferation of bladder cancer cells and arrested cells at the G0/G1 phase. The in vivo results showed that expression of DNMT3A/3B and hepaCAM as well as tumor growth of nude mice were markedly altered which corresponded with the in vitro results. Due to the ability to reactivate expression of hepaCAM and inhibit growth of bladder cancer cells, AZAC may represent an effective treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - E Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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DNA methyltransferase 3A promotes cell proliferation by silencing CDK inhibitor p18INK4C in gastric carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13781. [PMID: 26350239 PMCID: PMC4563369 DOI: 10.1038/srep13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the roles of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in gastric carcinogenesis. Here, we reported that the exogenous expression of DNMT3A promoted gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation by accelerating the G1/S transition. Subsequently, p18INK4C was identified as a downstream target of DNMT3A. The elevated expression of DNMT3A suppressed p18INK4C at least at the transcriptional level. Depletion of p18INK4C expression in GC cells induced cell cycle progression, whereas its re-expression alleviated the effect of DNMT3A overexpression on G1/S transition. Furthermore, we found that DNMT3A modulated p18INK4C by directly binding to and silencing the p18INK4C gene via promoter hypermethylation. In clinical GC tissue specimens analyzed, the level of methylation of p18INK4C detected in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in paired non-tumor tissues. Moreover, elevated level of DNMT3A expression was associated with the differentiation of GC tissues and was negatively correlated with the p18INK4C expression level. Taken together, our results found that DNMT3A contributes to the dysregulation of the cell cycle by repressing p18INK4C in a DNA methylation-dependent manner, suggesting that DNMT3A-p18INK4C axis involved in GC. These findings provide new insights into gastric carcinogenesis and a potential therapeutic target for GC that may be further investigated in the future.
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Yan F, Shen N, Pang J, Molina JR, Yang P, Liu S. The DNA Methyltransferase DNMT1 and Tyrosine-Protein Kinase KIT Cooperatively Promote Resistance to 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Decitabine) and Midostaurin (PKC412) in Lung Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:18480-94. [PMID: 26085088 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.633693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells are sensitive to 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) or midostaurin (PKC412), because decitabine restores the expression of methylation-silenced tumor suppressor genes, whereas PKC412 inhibits hyperactive kinase signaling, which is essential for cancer cell growth. Here, we demonstrated that resistance to decitabine (decitabine(R)) or PKC412 (PKC412(R)) eventually results from simultaneously remethylated DNA and reactivated kinase cascades. Indeed, both decitabine(R) and PKC412(R) displayed the up-regulation of DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 and tyrosine-protein kinase KIT, the enhanced phosphorylation of KIT and its downstream effectors, and the increased global and gene-specific DNA methylation with the down-regulation of tumor suppressor gene epithelial cadherin CDH1. Interestingly, decitabine(R) and PKC412(R) had higher capability of colony formation and wound healing than parental cells in vitro, which were attributed to the hyperactive DNMT1 or KIT, because inactivation of KIT or DNMT1 reciprocally blocked decitabine(R) or PKC412(R) cell proliferation. Further, DNMT1 knockdown sensitized PKC412(R) cells to PKC412; conversely, KIT depletion synergized with decitabine in eliminating decitabine(R). Importantly, when engrafted into nude mice, decitabine(R) and PKC412(R) had faster proliferation with stronger tumorigenicity that was caused by the reactivated KIT kinase signaling and further CDH1 silencing. These findings identify functional cross-talk between KIT and DNMT1 in the development of drug resistance, implying the reciprocal targeting of protein kinases and DNA methyltransferases as an essential strategy for durable responses in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- From the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912 and
| | - Na Shen
- From the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912 and
| | - Jiuxia Pang
- From the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912 and
| | | | - Ping Yang
- the Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Shujun Liu
- From the Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota 55912 and
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Deregulation between miR-29b/c and DNMT3A is associated with epigenetic silencing of the CDH1 gene, affecting cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123926. [PMID: 25874772 PMCID: PMC4398372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The de-regulation of the miR-29 family and DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) is associated with gastric cancer (GC). While increasing evidence indicates miR-29b/c could regulate DNA methylation by targeting DNMT3A, it is currently unknown if epigenetic silencing of miR-29b/c via promoter hypermethylation in GC is caused by abnormal expression of DNMT3A. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether cross-talk regulation exists between miR-29b/c and DNMT3A and whether it is associated with a malignant phenotype in GC. First, wound healing and Transwell assays revealed that miR-29b/c suppresses tumor metastasis in GC. A luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that DNMT3A is a direct target of miR-29b/c. We used bisulfite genomic sequencing to analyze the DNA methylation status of miR-29b/c. The percentage of methylated CpGs was significantly decreased in DNMT3A-depleted cells compared to the controls. Furthermore, the involvement of DNMT3A in promoting GC cell migration was associated with the promoter methylation-mediated repression of CDH1. In 50 paired clinical GC tissue specimens, decreased miR-29b/c was significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and invasion of the cells and was negatively correlated with DNMT3A expression. Together, our preliminary results suggest that the following process may be involved in GC tumorigenesis. miR-29b/c suppresses the downstream gene DNMT3A, and in turn, miR-29b/c is suppressed by DNMT3A in a DNA methylation-dependent manner. The de-regulation of both of miR-29b/c and DNMT3A leads to the epigenetic silencing of CDH1 and contributes to the metastasis phenotype in GC. This finding reveals that DNA methylation-associated silencing of miR-29b/c is critical for GC development and thus may be a therapeutic target.
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Ksiâa F, Ziadi S, Dhiab MB, Gacem RB, Trimeche M. Increased DNA methyltransferase 1 protein expression correlates significantly with intestinal histological type and gender in gastric carcinomas. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:50-7. [PMID: 25461380 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression of many genes have been found in gastric cancer. DNA methyltransferases are enzymes potentially affecting promoter hypermethylation. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed proteins expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 and 3b by immunohistochemistry in 47 surgically resected gastric cancer samples for which clinicopathological characteristics, patient's outcome and methylation status of 11 selected tumor-related genes have been determined. Promoter methylation status of genes was assessed by methylation specific PCR. RESULTS We found that DNMT1 and 3b were up-regulated in gastric cancer and were detected in 51.1% and 57.4% of cases, respectively. Co-expression of DNMT1 and 3b was detected in 44.7%. Correlations analysis have showed that DNMT1 overexpression was significantly correlated with gastric cancer of intestinal histological type (P=0.01) and with gender of patient (P=0.01). However, there was no correlation between DNMT1 and DNMT3b overexpression in cancer and patients outcome. Moreover, there were no clear relations between the proteins expression of DNMT1 and 3b and DNA methylation status of genes. But co-expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b was significantly associated with promoter hypermethylation of RAR-β2 (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Results from our study indicate that DNMT1 and 3b were overexpressed and could be involved in gastric tumorigenesis of intestinal histological type in the case of Tunisian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feryel Ksiâa
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ziadi
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Myriam Ben Dhiab
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Ben Gacem
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mounir Trimeche
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
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Calcagno DQ, de Arruda Cardoso Smith M, Burbano RR. Cancer type-specific epigenetic changes: gastric cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1238:79-101. [PMID: 25421656 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1804-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of mortality despite declining rate in the world. Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric tumors. Epigenetic refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches have emerged. This chapter summarizes the main epigenomic mechanisms described recently involved in gastric carcinogenesis, focusing on the roles that aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications (histone acetylation and methylation), and miRNAs (oncogenic and tumor suppressor function of miRNA) play in the onset and progression of gastric tumors. Clinical implications of these epigenetic alterations in GC are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Queiroz Calcagno
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua dos Mundurucus, 4487, Guamá, CEP 66073-000 Belém, PA, Brazil,
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Guimarães DM, Antunes DM, Duarte CME, Ferro LB, Nunes FD. DNA methyltransferase immunohistochemical expression in odontogenic tumours. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 44:59-66. [PMID: 25060239 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Odontogenic tumours are a heterogeneous group of lesions formed from tissues that give rise to the tooth. DNA methylation, a covalent addition of a methyl group to the 5-carbon position of a cytosine nucleotide, is considered an important regulator of gene expression. The addition of the methyl radical is catalysed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Although some epigenetic studies have been conducted in odontogenic tumours, a study with the three types of DNMTs in several different members of this group is missing. This study analyses the expression of DNMTs in odontogenic tumours. METHODS Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 20 ameloblastomas, 10 calcifying cystic odontogenic tumours, 10 calcifying epithelial tumours, 10 adenomatoid odontogenic tumours, 10 keratocystic odontogenic tumours, five ameloblastic fibromas, two ameloblastic fibro-odontomas, four central odontogenic fibromas, seven peripheral odontogenic fibromas and 10 odontogenic myxomas were included. Immunohistochemical expression of DNMT1, 3A and 3B was assessed using a semi-quantitative analysis, and also a correlation with p21, p27 and E-cadherin immunoexpression was made. RESULTS DNMT1, 3A and 3B were expressed in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of all odontogenic tumours. DNMT1 expression was directly correlated with p27 expression in ameloblastomas. CONCLUSION The high expression of DNMTs in odontogenic tumour cells suggests methylation as an important mechanism for this group of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Magno Guimarães
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Epigenetic changes frequently occur in human gastric cancer. Gene promoter region hypermethylation, genomic global hypomethylation, histone modifications, and alterations of noncoding RNAs are major epigenetic changes in gastric cancer. As a key risk factor of gastric cancer, H. pylori infection is an independent predictive indicator of gene methylation. A growing number of epigenetic studies in gastric cancer have provided lots of potential diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, #28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China,
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Cao XY, Ma HX, Shang YH, Jin MS, Kong F, Jia ZF, Cao DH, Wang YP, Suo J, Jiang J. DNA methyltransferase3a expression is an independent poor prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:8201-8208. [PMID: 25009393 PMCID: PMC4081693 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the alteration of DNA methyltransferase expression in gastric cancer and to assess its prognostic value. METHODS From April 2000 to December 2010, 227 men and 73 women with gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. The expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, in the 300 cases of gastric carcinoma, of which 85 had paired adjacent normal gastric mucus samples, was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationships between the above results and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Their prognostic value was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS In gastric cancer, expression of DNMTs was mainly seen in the nucleus. Weak staining was also observed in the cytoplasm. Expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in gastric cancer was significantly higher compared to that in the paired control samples (60.0% vs 37.6%, 61.2% vs 4.7%, and 94.1% vs 71.8%, P < 0.01). The overall survival rate was significantly higher in the DNMT3a negative group than in the DNMT3a positive group in gastric cancer patients (Log-rank test, P = 0.032). No significant correlation was observed between DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression and the overall survival time (Log-rank test, P = 0.289, P = 0.347). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that DNMT3a expression (P = 0.025) and TNM stage (P < 0.001), but not DNMT1 (P = 0.54) or DNMT3b (P = 0.62), were independent prognostic factors in gastric cancer. H. pylori infection did not induce protein expression of DNMTs. CONCLUSION The results suggest that expression of DNMT3a is an independent poor prognostic indicator in gastric cancer. DNMT3a might play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.
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Ben Gacem R, Ben Abdelkrim O, Ziadi S, Ben Dhiab M, Trimeche M. Methylation of miR-124a-1, miR-124a-2, and miR-124a-3 genes correlates with aggressive and advanced breast cancer disease. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4047-56. [PMID: 24375250 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation on CpG islands is one of the most consistent epigenetic changes in human cancers, and the process of methylation is catalyzed by the DNA methyltransferases DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. Recent reports demonstrate that deregulation of miR-124a, one of the frequently methylated microRNAs in human cancers, is related to carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequencies of methylation of the three genomic loci encoding the miR-124a in primary breast cancers and to investigate their relationships with the clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors and with the expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b. The methylation status of the three genomic loci encoding the miR-124a (miR-124a-1, miR-124a-2, and miR-124a-3) was analyzed in fresh-frozen tumor samples using methylation-specific PCR in a large series of invasive breast ductal carcinomas (n = 60). Results were correlated to several clinicopathological characteristics of the tumors and to the expression levels of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b, determined by immunohistochemistry. Promoter hypermethylation of miR-124a-1, miR-124a-2, and miR-124a-3 was detected in 53.3, 70, and 36.7% of cases, respectively. Methylation of miR-124a-2 correlated to patients with age higher than 45 years (P = 0.008) and to postmenopausal patients (P = 0.03), whereas methylation of miR-124a-3 correlated significantly to tumor size >20 mm (P = 0.03). Interestingly, simultaneous methylation of the three genes encoding miR-124a correlated significantly with the presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.01) and high mitotic score (P = 0.03). No significant correlation was found between promoter hypermethylation of miR-124a and expression of hormone receptors or HER2/neu. With regard to DNMT expression, no correlation was found between DNMT1 or DNMT3a expression and promoter methylation of any tested microRNA. However, DNMT3b overexpression correlates significantly with the hypermethylation of miR-124a-3 (P = 0.03). Our data indicates that miR-124a-1, miR-124a-2, and miR-124a-3 genes are frequently methylated in breast cancer and play a role in tumor growth and aggressivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Ben Gacem
- Department of Pathology, Farhat-Hached Hospital, Sousse, 4000, Tunisia
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Yu Z, Xiao Q, Zhao L, Ren J, Bai X, Sun M, Wu H, Liu X, Song Z, Yan Y, Mi X, Wang E, Jin F, Wei M. DNA methyltransferase 1/3a overexpression in sporadic breast cancer is associated with reduced expression of estrogen receptor-alpha/breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and poor prognosis. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:707-19. [PMID: 24464625 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), including DNMT1, 3a, and 3b, play an important role in the progression of many malignant tumors. However, it remains unclear whether expression of DNMTs is associated with the development of breast cancer. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance of DNMT proteins in sporadic breast cancer. We investigated the expression of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b in 256 breast cancer and 36 breast fibroadenoma, using immunohistochemistry. The expression of DNMT1 and 3a was significantly higher in breast cancer than in fibroadenoma. In breast cancer, the expression of DNMT1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.020), and the expression of DNMT3a and 3b was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stages (P = 0.046 and 0.012, respectively). Overexpression of DNMT1/3a was correlated with promoter hypermethylation and reduced expression of ERα and BRCA1. The expression levels of DNMT1 or DNMT3a were associated with a significantly shorter DFS or OS in a subgroup of breast cancer patients (patients with the age ≤50 years old, ERα-negative status, or HER2-postive status). The expression of DNMT1 or a combined expression of DNMT1 and 3a was associated with poor prognosis in patients who received chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, but not in patients who received chemotherapy alone. These findings suggest that DNMT1 and 3a may be involved in the progression and prognosis of sporadic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qinghuan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huizhe Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyi Mi
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Enhua Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Fűri I, Sipos F, Spisák S, Kiszner G, Wichmann B, Schöller A, Tulassay Z, Műzes G, Molnár B. Association of self-DNA mediated TLR9-related gene, DNA methyltransferase, and cytokeratin protein expression alterations in HT29-cells to DNA fragment length and methylation status. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:293296. [PMID: 24459426 PMCID: PMC3891537 DOI: 10.1155/2013/293296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the biologic role of self-DNA bound to Toll-like Receptor 9 (TLR9), we assayed its effect on gene and methyltransferase expressions and cell differentiation in HT29 cells. HT29 cells were incubated separately with type-1 (normally methylated/nonfragmented), type-2 (normally methylated/fragmented), type-3 (hypermethylated/nonfragmented), or type-4 (hypermethylated/fragmented) self-DNAs. Expression levels of TLR9-signaling and proinflammatory cytokine-related genes were assayed by qRT-PCR. Methyltransferase activity and cell differentiation were examined by using DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1, -3A, -3B) and cytokeratin (CK) antibodies. Treatment with type-1 DNA resulted in significant increase in TLR9 expression. Type-2 treatment resulted in the overexpression of TLR9-related signaling molecules (MYD88A, TRAF6) and the IL8 gene. In the case of type-3 treatment, significant overexpression of NFkB, IRAK2, and IL8 as well as downregulation of TRAF6 was detected. Using type-4 DNA, TRAF6 and MYD88A gene expression was upregulated, while MYD88B, IRAK2, IL8, and TNFSF10 were all underexpressed. CK expression was significantly higher only after type-1 DNA treatment. DNMT3A expression could also be induced by type-1 DNA treatment. DNA structure may play a significant role in activation of the TLR9-dependent and even independent proinflammatory pathways. There may be a molecular link between TLR9 signaling and DNMT3A. The mode of self-DNA treatment may influence HT29 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fűri
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor Street 7, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kiszner
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Oncology, Semmelweis University, Üllői Street 26, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Andrea Schöller
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor Street 7, Budapest 1051, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Nádor Street 7, Budapest 1051, Hungary
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Gao J, Wang L, Xu J, Zheng J, Man X, Wu H, Jin J, Wang K, Xiao H, Li S, Li Z. Aberrant DNA methyltransferase expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development and progression. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:86. [PMID: 24423239 PMCID: PMC4029463 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered gene methylation, regulated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) 1, 3a and 3b, contributes to tumorigenesis. However, the role of DNMT in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unknown. METHODS Expression of DNMT 1, 3a and 3b was detected in 88 Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and 10 normal tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. Changes in cell viability, cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis of PDAC cell lines (Panc-1 and SW1990) were assessed after transfection with DNMT1 and 3b siRNA. Levels of CDKN1A, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were assessed by qRT-PCR, and methylation of the Bax gene promoter was assayed by methylation-specific PCR (MSP). RESULTS DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins were expressed in 46.6%, 23.9%, and 77.3% of PDAC tissues, respectively, but were not expressed in normal pancreatic tissues. There was a co-presence of DNMT3a and DNMT3b expression and an association of DNMT1 expression with alcohol consumption and poor overall survival. Moreover, knockdown of DNMT1 and DNMT3b expression significantly inhibited PDAC cell viability, decreased S-phase but increased G1-phase of the cell cycle, and induced apoptosis. Molecularly, expression of CDKN1A and Bax mRNA was upregulated, and the Bax gene promoter was demethylated. However, a synergistic effect of combined DNMT1 and 3b knockdown was not observed. CONCLUSION Expression of DNMT1, 3a and 3b proteins is increased in PDAC tissues, and DNMT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis of patients. Knockdown of DNMT1 and 3b expression arrests tumor cells at the G1 phase of the cell cycle and induces apoptosis. The data suggest that DNMT knockdown may be a novel treatment strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinkang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohua Man
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | | | - Shude Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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He M, Fan J, Jiang R, Tang WX, Wang ZW. Expression of DNMTs and genomic DNA methylation in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:942-8. [PMID: 23820855 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protein expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and genomic DNA methylation status of genomes in gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze DNMT expression and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation microarray (MeDIP‑chip) and MeDIP quantitative real‑time PCR (MeDIP‑qPCR) were performed to analyze the genomic DNA methylation status in gastric SRC tissue. An increase in DNMT1 and decrease in DNMT3A expression in SRC tissue was observed compared with matched non‑cancerous tissue. However, expression of other DNMTs, DNMT2, DNMT3B and DNMT3L, was not found to differ significantly between carcinoma and control. The MeDIP‑chip assay revealed that methylation of gene promoters and CpG islands in SRC was higher than those in matched control tissue. However, MeDIP‑qPCR analysis demonstrated that specific tumor‑related genes, including ABL2, FGF18, TRAF2, EGFL7 and RAB33A were aberrantly hypomethylated in SRC tissue. Results of the current study indicate that gastric SRC may produce complex patterns of aberrant DNA methylation and DNMT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Calcagno DQ, Gigek CO, Chen ES, Burbano RR, Smith MDAC. DNA and histone methylation in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:1182-92. [PMID: 23482412 PMCID: PMC3587474 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i8.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations contribute significantly to the development and progression of gastric cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Epigenetics refers to the number of modifications of the chromatin structure that affect gene expression without altering the primary sequence of DNA, and these changes lead to transcriptional activation or silencing of the gene. Over the years, the study of epigenetic processes has increased, and novel therapeutic approaches that target DNA methylation and histone modifications have emerged. A greater understanding of epigenetics and the therapeutic potential of manipulating these processes is necessary for gastric cancer treatment. Here, we review recent research on the effects of aberrant DNA and histone methylation on the onset and progression of gastric tumors and the development of compounds that target enzymes that regulate the epigenome.
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45
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miR-370 is stage-specifically expressed during mouse embryonic development and regulates Dnmt3a. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:775-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Karahoca M, Momparler RL. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine) in the design of its dose-schedule for cancer therapy. Clin Epigenetics 2013; 5:3. [PMID: 23369223 PMCID: PMC3570332 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-5-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-AZA-CdR, decitabine), an epigenetic drug that inhibits DNA methylation, is currently used to treat myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and is under investigation for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other malignancies. 5-AZA-CdR can reactivate tumor suppressor genes silenced by aberrant DNA methylation, a frequent event in all types of cancer. Because this epigenetic change is reversible, it is a good target for 5-AZA-CdR therapy. We have reviewed the preclinical data of 5-AZA-CdR to analyze the concentrations and exposure times required to eradicate cancer stem cells. We analyzed the dose-schedules used in animal models that show potent antineoplastic activity of 5-AZA-CdR. We attempted to correlate the preclinical data with the responses obtained in clinical trials of 5-AZA-CdR in patients with cancer. The pharmacokinetics and drug distribution of 5-AZA-CdR are key parameters because adequate therapeutic drug levels are required to eliminate cancer stem cells in all anatomic compartments. The plasma half-life of 5-AZA-CdR in humans is approximately 20 minutes due to the high levels in the liver of cytidine deaminase, the enzyme that inactivates this analogue. This provides a rationale to use an inhibitor of cytidine deaminase in combination with 5-AZA-CdR. Low-dose 5-AZA-CdR is effective for MDS and AML and can induce complete remissions (CR). However, maintenance of CR with low-dose 5-AZA-CdR is difficult. Based on analyses of preclinical and clinical data, low dose 5-AZA-CdR has the potential to be an effective form of therapy in some patients with cancer. For patients who do not respond to low dose therapy we recommend dose-intensive treatment with 5-AZA-CdR. Patients who are candidates for intensive dose 5-AZA-CdR should have a good bone marrow status so as to permit adequate recovery from myelosuppression, the major toxicity of 5-AZA-CdR. Solid tumors are also interesting targets for therapy with 5-AZA-CdR. Both low dose and intensive therapy with 5-AZA-CdR can reduce the proliferative potential of tumor stem cells in animal models. We propose novel dose schedules of 5-AZA-CdR for investigation in patients with cancer. The full chemotherapeutic potential of 5-AZA-CdR to treat cancer merits further clinical investigation and can only be realized when its optimal dose-schedule is determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Karahoca
- Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Kim MS, Kim YR, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Mutational analysis of DNMT3A gene in acute leukemias and common solid cancers. APMIS 2013; 121:85-94. [PMID: 23031157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2012.02940.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNMT3A, a DNA methyltransferase that functions for de novo methylation, is important in development and many cellular processes related to tumorigenesis. Somatic mutations of DNMT3A gene, including recurrent mutations in its Arg-882, were recently reported in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), strongly suggesting its role in development of AML. To see whether DNMT3A mutation occurs in other malignancies as well, we analyzed DNMT3A in 916 cancer tissues from 401 hematologic malignancies (AML, acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL), multiple myelomas and lymphomas) and 515 carcinomas (lung, breast, prostate, colorectal and gastric carcinomas) using a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assay. We identified DNMT3A mutations, especially the Arg-882 mutations, in adulthood AML (9.4%). In addition, we found DNMT3A mutations in pre-B-ALL and three lung cancers at lower frequencies. Allelic loss of DNMT3A was frequently observed in most cancer types analyzed, including lymphomas (48.1%), gastric cancers (23.5%) and lung cancers (18.3%) irrespective of DNMT3A mutation. Also, loss of DNMT3A expression was common in lung cancers (46.4%), and was associated with the allelic loss. Our data indicate that DNMT3A gene is mutated mainly in AML, but it occurs in other cancers, such as ALL and lung cancer, despite the lower incidences. Also, the data suggest that DNMT3A is altered in many cancer types by various ways, including somatic mutations, allelic loss and loss of expression that might play roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang JF, Zhang JG, Kuai XL, Zhang H, Jiang W, Ding WF, Li ZL, Zhu HJ, Mao ZB. Reactivation of the homeotic tumor suppressor gene CDX2 by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-induced demethylation inhibits cell proliferation and induces caspase-independent apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:735-741. [PMID: 23408490 PMCID: PMC3570199 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-aza-CdR) is widely used as an anticancer drug for the treatment of leukemia and solid tumors. Gastric cancer (GC) patients who were positive for caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) expression showed a higher survival rate compared with those who were CDX2 negative, which suggests that CDX2 performs a tumor suppressor role. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the inactivation of CDX2 remain unclear. In the present study we demonstrated that the expression levels of CDX2 and DNA methyltransferase enzyme 1 (DNMT1) mRNA were significantly higher in GC compared with distal non-cancerous tissue. The expression of CDX2 mRNA was significantly correlated with Lauren classification, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. DNMT1 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage, pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis. The expression of CDX2 mRNA was inversely correlated with that of DNMT1 mRNA in GC. Hypermethylation of the CDX2 gene promoter region, extremely low expression levels of CDX2 mRNA and no expression of CDX2 protein were the characteristics observed in MKN-45 and SGC-7901 GC cell lines. Following the treatment of MKN-45 cells with 5-aza-CdR, the hypermethylated CDX2 gene promoter region was demethylated and expression of CDX2 was upregulated, while DNMT1 expression was downregulated. Furthermore, a concentration- and time-dependent growth inhibition as well as increased apoptosis were observed. Caspase-3, −8 and −9 activities increased in a concentration-dependent manner following exposure to different concentrations of 5-aza-CdR. Therefore, our data show that the overexpression of DNMT1 and methylation of the CDX2 gene promoter region is likely to be responsible for CDX2 silencing in GC. 5-Aza-CdR may effectively induce re-expression of the CDX2 gene, inhibit cell proliferation and enhance the caspase-independent apoptosis of MKN-45 cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Cao XY, Jia ZF, Cao DH, Kong F, Jin MS, Suo J, Jiang J. DNMT3a rs1550117 polymorphism association with increased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:5713-5718. [PMID: 24289567 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.10.5713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methyltransferase-3a (DNMT3a) plays significant roles in embryogenesis and the generation of aberrant methylation in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DNMT3a gene and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric atrophy and gastric cancer. METHODS The subjects comprised 447 patients with gastric cancer; 111 individuals with gastric atrophy and 961 healthy controls. Two SNPs (rs1550117 and rs13420827) of the DNMT3a gene were genotyped by Taqman assay. DNMT3a expression was analyzed in cancer tissues from 89 patients by tissue microarray technique. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Among healthy controls, risk of H.pylori infection was significantly higher in subjects with the rs1550117 AA genotype, compared to those with GG/AG genotypes of DNMT3a [OR=2.08, (95%CI: 1.02-4.32)]. However, no significant correlation was found between the two SNPs and risk of developing gastric atrophy or gastric cancer. In addition, no increase in DNMT3a expression was observed in the gastric cancer with H.pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that DNMT3a rs1550117 polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection, but did not support any evidence for contributions of DNMT3a rs1550117 and rs13420827 to either gastric atrophy or gastric cancer. The biological roles of DNMT3a polymorphisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yuan Cao
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China E-mail :
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Abstract
The concept of cancer as a stem cell disease has slowly gained ground over the last decade. A 'stem-like' state essentially necessitates that some cells in the developing tumor express the properties of remaining quiescent, self-renewing and regenerating tumors through establishment of aberrant cellular hierarchies. Alternatively, such capacities may also be reacquired through a de-differentiation process. The abnormal cellular differentiation patterns involved during either process during carcinogenesis are likely to be driven through a combination of genetic events and epigenetic regulation. The role(s) of the latter is increasingly being appreciated in acquiring the requisite genomic specificity and flexibility required for phenotypic plasticity, specifically in a context wherein genome sequences are not altered for differentiation to ensue. In this chapter, the recent advances in elucidating epigenetic mechanisms that govern the self-renewal, differentiation and regenerative potentials of cancer stem cells will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila A Bapat
- National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411 007, India,
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