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Roach JT, Riviere-Cazaux C, Wells BA, Boop FA, Daniels DJ. Epigenetics to clinicopathological features: a bibliometric analysis of H3 G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:2009-2017. [PMID: 38613587 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas are the leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. More than 30% of diffuse hemispheric gliomas (DHG) in adolescents harbor histone H3 G34 mutations and are recognized by the World Health Organization as a distinct tumor entity. By reporting bibliometric characteristics of the most cited publications on H3 G34-mutant DHG (H3 G34 DHG), we provide an overview of emerging literature and speculate where future research efforts may lead. METHODS One hundred fourteen publications discussing H3 G34 DHG were identified, categorized as basic science (BSc), clinical (CL), or review (R), and ranked by citation number. Various bibliometric parameters were summarized, and a comparison between article types was performed. RESULTS Articles within this study represent principal investigators from 15 countries and were published across 63 journals between 2012 and 2024, with 36.84% of articles originating in the United States. Overall median values were as follows: citation count, 20 (range, 0-2591), number of authors, 9 (range, 2-78), and year of publication, 2020 (range, 2012-2024). Among the top ten most cited articles, BSc articles accounted for all ten reports. Compared to CL and R articles, BSc articles were published in journals with higher impact factors. CONCLUSION We establish variability in bibliometric parameters for the most cited publications on H3 G34 DHG. Our findings demonstrate a paucity of high-impact and highly cited CL reports and acknowledge an unmet need to intersect basic mechanism with clinical data to inform novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Roach
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Division of Brain Tumor Research, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Cecile Riviere-Cazaux
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Frederick A Boop
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Kegoya Y, Otani Y, Inoue Y, Mizuta R, Higaki F, Washio K, Koizumi S, Kurozumi K, Ishida J, Fujii K, Yamamoto N, Tanaka Y, Date I. Midline invasion predicts poor prognosis in diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant: an individual participant data review. J Neurooncol 2024; 167:201-210. [PMID: 38427132 PMCID: PMC10978637 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-024-04587-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diffuse hemispheric glioma, H3 G34-mutant (DHGs), is a newly categorized tumor in pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas, World Health Organization grade 4, with a poor prognosis. Although prognostic factors associated with genetic abnormalities have been reported, few reports have examined the clinical presentation of DHGs, especially from the viewpoint of imaging findings. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical factors, including imaging findings, and prognosis in patients with DHGs. METHODS We searched Medline through the PubMed database using two search terms: "G34" and "glioma", between 1 April 2012 and 1 July 2023. We retrieved articles that described imaging findings and overall survival (OS), and added one DHG case from our institution. We defined midline invasion (MI) as invasion to the contralateral cerebrum, brainstem, corpus callosum, thalamus, and basal ganglia on magnetic resonance imaging. The primary outcome was 12-month survival, estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves and logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 96 patients were included in this study. The median age was 22 years, and the proportion of male patients was 48.4%. Lesions were most frequently located in the frontal lobe (52.6%). MI was positive in 39.6% of all patients. The median OS was 14.4 months. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that OS was significantly worse in the MI-positive group compared with the MI-negative group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that MI was an independent prognostic factor in DHGs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, MI-positive cases had a worse prognosis compared with MI-negative cases. PREVIOUS PRESENTATIONS No portion of this study has been presented or published previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Kegoya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Otani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Yohei Inoue
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizuta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Higaki
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kana Washio
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Koizumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Chuo-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Chuo-ku, 431-3192, Hamamatsu-shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Joji Ishida
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-Shi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tanaka
- Division of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, 4-27-2, Kitaandou, Aoi-ku, 420-0881, Shizuoka-Shi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Isao Date
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, 700-8558, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan
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3
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Budhiraja S, Najem H, Tripathi S, Wadhawani NR, Horbinski C, McCord M, Lenzen AC, Heimberger AB, DeCuypere M. Immunobiology and Cytokine Modulation of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Microenvironment: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3655. [PMID: 37509316 PMCID: PMC10377457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Utilizing a Scoping Review strategy in the domain of immune biology to identify immune therapeutic targets, knowledge gaps for implementing immune therapeutic strategies for pediatric brain tumors was assessed. The analysis demonstrated limited efforts to date to characterize and understand the immunological aspects of tumor biology with an over-reliance on observations from the adult glioma population. Foundational knowledge regarding the frequency and ubiquity of immune therapeutic targets is an area of unmet need along with the development of immune-competent pediatric tumor models to test therapeutics and especially combinatorial treatment. Opportunities arise in the evolution of pediatric tumor classification from histological to molecular with targeted immune therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Budhiraja
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shashwat Tripathi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nitin R Wadhawani
- Division of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Matthew McCord
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alicia C Lenzen
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, Neuro-Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael DeCuypere
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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4
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Nguyen AV, Soto JM, Gonzalez SM, Murillo J, Trumble ER, Shan FY, Huang JH. H3G34-Mutant Gliomas-A Review of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Options. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2002. [PMID: 37509641 PMCID: PMC10377039 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System reflected advances in understanding of the roles of oncohistones in gliomagenesis with the introduction of the H3.3-G34R/V mutant glioma to the already recognized H3-K27M altered glioma, which represent the diagnoses of pediatric-type diffuse hemispheric glioma and diffuse midline glioma, respectively. Despite advances in research regarding these disease entities, the prognosis remains poor. While many studies and clinical trials focus on H3-K27M-altered-glioma patients, those with H3.3-G34R/V mutant gliomas represent a particularly understudied population. Thus, we sought to review the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the gliomagenesis of H3.3-G34R/V mutant gliomas and the diagnosis, treatment, long-term outcomes, and possible future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony V Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Jose M Soto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Sarah-Marie Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Jennifer Murillo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Eric R Trumble
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Frank Y Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
| | - Jason H Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott and White Medical Center, Temple, TX 76508, USA
- Department of Surgery, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA
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5
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Yu N, Lee HS, Raslan OA, Jin LW, Aboud O. H3G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma with osseous metastases: a case report and literature review. CNS Oncol 2023; 12:CNS95. [PMID: 36919796 PMCID: PMC10171036 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: H3G34 diffuse hemispheric glioma is a CNS tumor that is difficult to diagnose and treat and accompanied with poor prognosis. It is becoming clear that extra CNS metastasis may present in a subset of patients with H3G34 gliomas, further complicating diagnosis and treatment. Materials & methods: We present a case of a 19-year-old female with a H3G34 mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma with osseous metastases. We then provide a literature review of the most recent understanding of H3G34 mutant malignancies. Conclusion: Given the stress that patients with H3G34 can experience and the poor prognosis, it is imperative to expand our knowledge and ascertain accurate diagnostic methodologies and targeted therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yu
- University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Han Sung Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Osama A Raslan
- Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lee-Way Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Orwa Aboud
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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6
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Brat DJ, Aldape K, Bridge JA, Canoll P, Colman H, Hameed MR, Harris BT, Hattab EM, Huse JT, Jenkins RB, Lopez-Terrada DH, McDonald WC, Rodriguez FJ, Souter LH, Colasacco C, Thomas NE, Yount MH, van den Bent MJ, Perry A. Molecular Biomarker Testing for the Diagnosis of Diffuse Gliomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022; 146:547-574. [PMID: 35175291 PMCID: PMC9311267 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2021-0295-cp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— The diagnosis and clinical management of patients with diffuse gliomas (DGs) have evolved rapidly over the past decade with the emergence of molecular biomarkers that are used to classify, stratify risk, and predict treatment response for optimal clinical care. OBJECTIVE.— To develop evidence-based recommendations for informing molecular biomarker testing for pediatric and adult patients with DGs and provide guidance for appropriate laboratory test and biomarker selection for optimal diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction. DESIGN.— The College of American Pathologists convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the literature and develop recommendations. A systematic review of literature was conducted to address the overarching question, "What ancillary tests are needed to classify DGs and sufficiently inform the clinical management of patients?" Recommendations were derived from quality of evidence, open comment feedback, and expert panel consensus. RESULTS.— Thirteen recommendations and 3 good practice statements were established to guide pathologists and treating physicians on the most appropriate methods and molecular biomarkers to include in laboratory testing to inform clinical management of patients with DGs. CONCLUSIONS.— Evidence-based incorporation of laboratory results from molecular biomarker testing into integrated diagnoses of DGs provides reproducible and clinically meaningful information for patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Julia A. Bridge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; Cytogenetics, ProPath, Dallas, TX
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Howard Colman
- Department of Neurosurgery and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Meera R. Hameed
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Neurology and Pathology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Eyas M. Hattab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jason T. Huse
- Departments of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Dolores H. Lopez-Terrada
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin J. van den Bent
- Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie Perry
- Departments of Pathology and Neurological Surgery University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
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7
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Vuong HG, Le HT, Dunn IF. The prognostic significance of further genotyping H3G34 diffuse hemispheric gliomas. Cancer 2022; 128:1907-1912. [PMID: 35195909 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND H3G34-mutant diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG) is recognized as a new, distinct entity in the latest World Health Organization classification for central nervous system tumors and is associated with a particularly aggressive course. The authors performed a systematic review and pooled analysis to investigate the frequency of genetic events in these tumors and to determine whether these events were associated with survival trends. METHODS Two electronic databases were accessed to search for relevant data. Included criteria were studies that had individual patient data on H3.3 G34-mutant gliomas. To analyze the impact of genetic events on overall survival, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models were used, and corresponding hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed. RESULTS In total, 20 studies with 257 H3G34-mutant DHGs were included for integrated analyses. The H3 glycine-to-valine (H3G34V) mutation showed a significantly worse prognosis than the glycine-to-arginine (H3G34R) mutation (median overall survival, 9.9 vs 14.8 months; hazard ratio, 3.040; 95% confidence interval, 1.208-7.651; P = .018), and this result remained statistically significant in the multivariate Cox regression model. Among H3G34 DHGs, TP53 mutation was the most common genetic alteration (94.9%), followed by ATRX alterations (87.5%), MGMT methylation (79.5%), and PDGFRA alterations (33.2%). The presence of PDGFRA amplification or EGFR amplification conferred poor survival. After adjusting for age and sex, these alterations were still independent indicators for adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The authors highlight the important role of molecular stratification of H3G34 DHGs, which may help refine our understanding of the natural history of this group of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gia Vuong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hieu Trong Le
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ian F Dunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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8
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Analysis of histone variant constraint and tissue expression suggests five potential novel human disease genes: H2AFY2, H2AFZ, H2AFY, H2AFV, H1F0. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1409-1421. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02432-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Rousseau A. Classification OMS 2021 des tumeurs du système nerveux central – Cas no 4. Ann Pathol 2022; 42:393-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Picart T, Barritault M, Poncet D, Berner LP, Izquierdo C, Tabouret E, Figarella-Branger D, Idbaïh A, Bielle F, Bourg V, Vandenbos FB, Moyal ECJ, Uro-Coste E, Guyotat J, Honnorat J, Gabut M, Meyronet D, Ducray F. Characteristics of diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant in adults. Neurooncol Adv 2021; 3:vdab061. [PMID: 34056608 PMCID: PMC8156974 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse hemispheric gliomas, H3 G34-mutant (DHG H3G34-mutant) constitute a distinct type of aggressive brain tumors. Although initially described in children, they can also affect adults. The aims of this study were to describe the characteristics of DHG H3G34-mutant in adults and to compare them to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. Methods The characteristics of 17 adult DHG H3G34-mutant, 32 H3.3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), 100 IDH-wildtype, and 36 IDH-mutant glioblastomas were retrospectively analyzed. Results Median age at diagnosis in adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 25 years (range: 19–33). All tumors were hemispheric. For 9 patients (56%), absent or faint contrast enhancement initially suggested another diagnosis than a high-grade glioma, and diffusion-weighted imaging seemed retrospectively more helpful to suspect an aggressive tumor than MR-spectroscopy and perfusion MRI. All cases were IDH-wildtype. Most cases were immunonegative for ATRX (93%) and Olig2 (100%) and exhibited MGMT promoter methylation (82%). The clinical and radiological presentations of adult DHG H3G34-mutant were different from those of established types of adult grade IV gliomas. Median overall survival of adult DHG H3G34-mutant was 12.4 months compared to 19.6 months (P = .56), 11.7 months (P = .45), and 50.5 months (P = .006) in H3.3 K27M-mutant DMG, IDH-wildtype, and IDH-mutant glioblastomas, respectively. Conclusions Adult DHG H3G34-mutant are associated with distinct characteristics compared to those of established types of adult WHO grade IV gliomas. This study supports considering these tumors as a new type of WHO grade IV glioma in future classifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiébaud Picart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marc Barritault
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Delphine Poncet
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Molecular Biology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Signaling, metabolism and tumor progression Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - Lise-Prune Berner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cristina Izquierdo
- Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Department of Neuroscience Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emeline Tabouret
- Department of Neurooncology, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7051, Institut de Neurophysiopathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Aix-Marseille Univ, APHM, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d'Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie, Marseille, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaïh
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Neurologie 2-Mazarin, Paris, France
| | - Franck Bielle
- Department of Neuropathology, AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Inserm U1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Université Paris 06 4 Place Jussieu, Paris, France
| | | | - Fanny Burel Vandenbos
- Department of Neuropathology, Hôpital Pasteur, Nice, France.,Université Côte D'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud/Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopôle, Toulouse, France.,Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanelle Uro-Coste
- Centre de Recherches contre le Cancer de Toulouse, INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France.,Department of Pathology, CHU Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Guyotat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Jérôme Honnorat
- University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France.,Institut NeuroMyoGène - Equipe Synaptopathies et autoanticorps, INSERM U1217 / UMR CNRS 5310, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France
| | - David Meyronet
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Groupe Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - François Ducray
- Cancer Initiation and Tumoral Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Lyon, France.,University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Neurooncology, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
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11
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[Histomolecular diagnosis of glial and glioneuronal tumours]. Ann Pathol 2021; 41:137-153. [PMID: 33712303 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While rare compared to extra-cranial neoplasms, glial and glioneuronal tumors are responsible of high morbidity and mortality. In 2016, the World Health Organization introduced histo-molecular ("integrated") diagnostics for central nervous system tumors based on morphology, immunohistochemistry and the presence of key genetic alterations. This combined phenotypic-genotypic classification allows for a more objective diagnostic of brain tumors. The implementation of such a classification in daily practice requires immunohistochemical surrogates to detect common genetic alterations and sometimes expensive and not widely available molecular biology techniques. The first step in brain tumor diagnostics is to inquire about the clinical picture and the imaging findings. When dealing with a glial tumor, the pathologist needs to assess its nature, infiltrative or circumscribed. If the tumor is infiltrative, IDH1/2 genes (prognostic marker) and chromosomes 1p/19q (diagnosis of oligodendroglioma) need to be assessed. If the tumor appears circumscribed, the pathologist should look for a neuronal component associated with the glial component (glioneuronal tumor). A limited immunohistochemistry panel will help distinguish between diffuse glioma (IDH1-R132H, ATRX, p53) and circumscribed glial/glioneuronal tumor (CD34, neuronal markers, BRAF-V600E), and some antibodies may reliably detect genetic alterations (IDH1-R132H, BRAF-V600E and H3-K27M mutations). Chromosomal imbalances (1p/19q codeletion in oligodendroglioma; chromosome 7 gain/chromosome 10 loss and EGFR amplification in glioblastoma) and gene rearrangements (BRAF fusion, FGFR1 fusion) will be identified by molecular biology techniques. The up-coming edition of the WHO classification of the central nervous system tumors will rely more heavily on molecular alterations to accurately diagnose and treat brain tumors.
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12
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Morris M, Driscoll M, Henson JW, Cobbs C, Jiang L, Gocke CD, Chen L, Rodriguez FJ. Low-Grade Gemistocytic Morphology in H3 G34R-Mutant Gliomas and Concurrent K27M Mutation: Clinicopathologic Findings. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:1038-1043. [PMID: 32954438 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in histone H3 are key molecular drivers of pediatric and young adult high-grade gliomas. Histone H3 G34R mutations occur in hemispheric high-grade gliomas and H3 K27M mutations occur in aggressive, though histologically diverse, midline gliomas. Here, we report 2 rare cases of histologically low-grade gliomas with gemistocytic morphology and sequencing-confirmed histone H3 G34R mutations. One case is a histologically low-grade gemistocytic astrocytoma with a G34R-mutation in H3F3A. The second case is a histologically low-grade gemistocytic astrocytoma with co-occurring K27M and G34R mutations in HIST1H3B. Review of prior histone H3-mutant gliomas sequenced at our institution shows a divergent clinical and immunohistochemical pattern in the 2 cases. The first case is similar to prior histone H3 G34R-mutant tumors, while the second case most closely resembles prior histone H3 K27M-mutant gliomas. These represent novel cases of sequencing-confirmed histone H3 G34R-mutant gliomas with low-grade histology and add to the known rare cases of G34R-mutant tumors with gemistocytic morphology. Although K27M and G34R mutations are thought to be mutually exclusive, we document combined K27M and G34R mutations in HIST1H3B and present evidence suggesting the K27M-mutation drove tumor phenotype in this dual mutant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Morris
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - John W Henson
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Charles Cobbs
- Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - LiQun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher D Gocke
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liam Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Funato K, Smith RC, Saito Y, Tabar V. Dissecting the impact of regional identity and the oncogenic role of human-specific NOTCH2NL in an hESC model of H3.3G34R-mutant glioma. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:894-905.e7. [PMID: 33631117 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
H3.3G34R-mutant gliomas are lethal tumors of the cerebral hemispheres with unknown mechanisms of regional specificity and tumorigenicity. We developed a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based model of H3.3G34R-mutant glioma that recapitulates the key features of the tumors with cell-type specificity to forebrain interneuronal progenitors but not hindbrain precursors. We show that H3.3G34R, ATRX, and TP53 mutations cooperatively impact alternative RNA splicing events, particularly suppression of intron retention. This leads to increased expression of components of the Notch pathway, notably NOTCH2NL, a human-specific gene family. We also uncover a parallel mechanism of enhanced NOTCH2NL expression via genomic amplification of its locus in some H3.3G34R-mutant tumors. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby evolutionary pathways that lead to larger brain size in humans are co-opted to drive tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Funato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ryan C Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner, Jr., Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuhki Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Viviane Tabar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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14
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Cheng Y, Bao W, Wu Q. Cerebral hemispheric glioblastoma with PNET-like morphology and histone H3.3 G34 mutation in younger patients: Report of three rare cases and diagnostic pitfalls. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2021; 63:262-266. [PMID: 32317528 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_544_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent mutations in H3F3A that encodes the histone 3 variant H3.3, lead to amino acid substitutions including K27M and G34R/V-which are observed in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) of children and young adults. Previous studies have focused on gliomas with K27M mutation, whereas gliomas with G34R/V mutation have received little attention. Herein, we report three rare cases of glioblastoma (GBM) with H3.3 G34 mutation arising from a cerebral hemisphere in two children and one young adult. All three cases showed microscopic characteristics of central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET, called CNS embryonal tumors in WHO 2016 Revised 4th Edition) and presented H3.3 G34 mutation. H3.3 G34-mutant brain tumors were formerly a group of histopathologically distinct neoplasms, involved in GBM, CNS-PNET, and astroblastoma. However, recent studies have demonstrated that different CNS tumors with H3.3 G34 mutation display coherent epigenetic signatures, implying a single biological origin. Correspondingly, our three cases showed high consistency in tumor location, histological morphology, and molecular phenotype. Their immunophenotypes are similar to astrocytoma, with ATRX loss and TP53 mutation. Therefore it suggests that these H3.3 G34-mutant brain tumors may be a rare entity of HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqi Bao
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Histone Variant H3.3 Mutations in Defining the Chromatin Function in Mammals. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122716. [PMID: 33353064 PMCID: PMC7766983 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic mutation of histone 3 (H3) genes in model organisms has proven to be a valuable tool to distinguish the functional role of histone residues. No system exists in mammalian cells to directly manipulate canonical histone H3 due to a large number of clustered and multi-loci histone genes. Over the years, oncogenic histone mutations in a subset of H3 have been identified in humans, and have advanced our understanding of the function of histone residues in health and disease. The oncogenic mutations are often found in one allele of the histone variant H3.3 genes, but they prompt severe changes in the epigenetic landscape of cells, and contribute to cancer development. Therefore, mutation approaches using H3.3 genes could be relevant to the determination of the functional role of histone residues in mammalian development without the replacement of canonical H3 genes. In this review, we describe the key findings from the H3 mutation studies in model organisms wherein the genetic replacement of canonical H3 is possible. We then turn our attention to H3.3 mutations in human cancers, and discuss H3.3 substitutions in the N-terminus, which were generated in order to explore the specific residue or associated post-translational modification.
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16
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Chen CCL, Deshmukh S, Jessa S, Hadjadj D, Lisi V, Andrade AF, Faury D, Jawhar W, Dali R, Suzuki H, Pathania M, A D, Dubois F, Woodward E, Hébert S, Coutelier M, Karamchandani J, Albrecht S, Brandner S, De Jay N, Gayden T, Bajic A, Harutyunyan AS, Marchione DM, Mikael LG, Juretic N, Zeinieh M, Russo C, Maestro N, Bassenden AV, Hauser P, Virga J, Bognar L, Klekner A, Zapotocky M, Vicha A, Krskova L, Vanova K, Zamecnik J, Sumerauer D, Ekert PG, Ziegler DS, Ellezam B, Filbin MG, Blanchette M, Hansford JR, Khuong-Quang DA, Berghuis AM, Weil AG, Garcia BA, Garzia L, Mack SC, Beroukhim R, Ligon KL, Taylor MD, Bandopadhayay P, Kramm C, Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Sturm D, Jones DTW, Salomoni P, Kleinman CL, Jabado N. Histone H3.3G34-Mutant Interneuron Progenitors Co-opt PDGFRA for Gliomagenesis. Cell 2020; 183:1617-1633.e22. [PMID: 33259802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histone H3.3 glycine 34 to arginine/valine (G34R/V) mutations drive deadly gliomas and show exquisite regional and temporal specificity, suggesting a developmental context permissive to their effects. Here we show that 50% of G34R/V tumors (n = 95) bear activating PDGFRA mutations that display strong selection pressure at recurrence. Although considered gliomas, G34R/V tumors actually arise in GSX2/DLX-expressing interneuron progenitors, where G34R/V mutations impair neuronal differentiation. The lineage of origin may facilitate PDGFRA co-option through a chromatin loop connecting PDGFRA to GSX2 regulatory elements, promoting PDGFRA overexpression and mutation. At the single-cell level, G34R/V tumors harbor dual neuronal/astroglial identity and lack oligodendroglial programs, actively repressed by GSX2/DLX-mediated cell fate specification. G34R/V may become dispensable for tumor maintenance, whereas mutant-PDGFRA is potently oncogenic. Collectively, our results open novel research avenues in deadly tumors. G34R/V gliomas are neuronal malignancies where interneuron progenitors are stalled in differentiation by G34R/V mutations and malignant gliogenesis is promoted by co-option of a potentially targetable pathway, PDGFRA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol C L Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Shriya Deshmukh
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Selin Jessa
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Djihad Hadjadj
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Véronique Lisi
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | | | - Damien Faury
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Wajih Jawhar
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Rola Dali
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0E9, Canada
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Manav Pathania
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Deli A
- Nuclear Function in CNS Pathophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Frank Dubois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Eleanor Woodward
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven Hébert
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Marie Coutelier
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Steffen Albrecht
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Nicolas De Jay
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Tenzin Gayden
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Andrea Bajic
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Ashot S Harutyunyan
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Dylan M Marchione
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6073, USA
| | - Leonie G Mikael
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nikoleta Juretic
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Michele Zeinieh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Caterina Russo
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Nicola Maestro
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | | | - Peter Hauser
- Second Department of Paediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - József Virga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary; Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Laszlo Bognar
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Almos Klekner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Michal Zapotocky
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Vicha
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Krskova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Vanova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - David Sumerauer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Children's Cancer Center, The Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mathieu Blanchette
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
| | - Jordan R Hansford
- Children's Cancer Center, The Royal Children's Hospital; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dong-Anh Khuong-Quang
- Children's Cancer Center, The Royal Children's Hospital; and Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Albert M Berghuis
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6073, USA
| | - Livia Garzia
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02142, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Taylor
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Pratiti Bandopadhayay
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215-5450, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Kramm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ) and Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Andrey Korshunov
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dominik Sturm
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany; Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Hopp Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Nuclear Function in CNS Pathophysiology, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, and The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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17
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The role of neuropathology in the management of newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a systematic review and evidence-based clinical practice guideline. J Neurooncol 2020; 150:143-164. [PMID: 33215342 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
TARGET POPULATION These recommendations apply to adult patients with newly diagnosed or suspected glioblastoma (GBM) QUESTION : For adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM does testing for Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH 1/2) mutations afford benefit beyond standard histopathology in providing accurate classification and outcome prognostication? Level III IDH 1/2 mutational status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and/or sequencing is suggested for classification and prognostic information. Level III Non-canonical IDH 1/2 mutations are very rare in patients aged 55 or older and universal testing of variant mutations by sequence analysis is not suggested for this age range. QUESTION For adult patients with lower grade infiltrating astrocytomas (WHO grades II and III) can the IDH-wildtype status designation supersede histopathology to predict prognosis and biologic relevance to eventual behavior as a GBM? Level III The designation of infiltrating astrocytomas (WHO grades II and III) as IDH-wildtype is not suggested as sufficient for a higher grade designation alone. Level III It is suggested that IDH-wildtype WHO grades II and III astrocytomas be tested for molecular-genetic alterations typical of IDH-wildtype GBM such as EGFR amplification, gain of chromosome 7/loss of chromosome 10 and TERT-p mutation to substantiate prediction of behavior similar to IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Level III It is suggested that a diagnosis of diffuse astrocytic glioma, IDH-wildtype, with molecular features of GBM, WHO grade IV be rendered for infiltrating astrocytomas that lack histologic criteria of GBM but harbors molecular-genetic alterations of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. QUESTION For adult patients with newly diagnosed infiltrating glioma arising in the midline does testing for H3-K27M mutations provide information beyond that gained by histopathology for accurate classification and outcome prognostication? Level III It is suggested that infiltrating gliomas arising in midline anatomic locations be tested for the H3-K27M mutation as they tend to exhibit WHO grade IV behavior even if they lack histologic criteria for glioblastoma.
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18
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Ferrand J, Rondinelli B, Polo SE. Histone Variants: Guardians of Genome Integrity. Cells 2020; 9:E2424. [PMID: 33167489 PMCID: PMC7694513 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin integrity is key for cell homeostasis and for preventing pathological development. Alterations in core chromatin components, histone proteins, recently came into the spotlight through the discovery of their driving role in cancer. Building on these findings, in this review, we discuss how histone variants and their associated chaperones safeguard genome stability and protect against tumorigenesis. Accumulating evidence supports the contribution of histone variants and their chaperones to the maintenance of chromosomal integrity and to various steps of the DNA damage response, including damaged chromatin dynamics, DNA damage repair, and damage-dependent transcription regulation. We present our current knowledge on these topics and review recent advances in deciphering how alterations in histone variant sequence, expression, and deposition into chromatin fuel oncogenic transformation by impacting cell proliferation and cell fate transitions. We also highlight open questions and upcoming challenges in this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sophie E. Polo
- Epigenetics & Cell Fate Centre, UMR7216 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (J.F.); (B.R.)
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19
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Martire S, Banaszynski LA. The roles of histone variants in fine-tuning chromatin organization and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:522-541. [PMID: 32665685 PMCID: PMC8245300 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Histones serve to both package and organize DNA within the nucleus. In addition to histone post-translational modification and chromatin remodelling complexes, histone variants contribute to the complexity of epigenetic regulation of the genome. Histone variants are characterized by a distinct protein sequence and a selection of designated chaperone systems and chromatin remodelling complexes that regulate their localization in the genome. In addition, histone variants can be enriched with specific post-translational modifications, which in turn can provide a scaffold for recruitment of variant-specific interacting proteins to chromatin. Thus, through these properties, histone variants have the capacity to endow specific regions of chromatin with unique character and function in a regulated manner. In this Review, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of histone variants to chromatin function in mammalian systems. First, we discuss new molecular insights into chaperone-mediated histone variant deposition. Next, we discuss mechanisms by which histone variants influence chromatin properties such as nucleosome stability and the local chromatin environment both through histone variant sequence-specific effects and through their role in recruiting different chromatin-associated complexes. Finally, we focus on histone variant function in the context of both embryonic development and human disease, specifically developmental syndromes and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martire
- Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laura A Banaszynski
- Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Louis DN, Wesseling P, Aldape K, Brat DJ, Capper D, Cree IA, Eberhart C, Figarella‐Branger D, Fouladi M, Fuller GN, Giannini C, Haberler C, Hawkins C, Komori T, Kros JM, Ng HK, Orr BA, Park S, Paulus W, Perry A, Pietsch T, Reifenberger G, Rosenblum M, Rous B, Sahm F, Sarkar C, Solomon DA, Tabori U, van den Bent MJ, von Deimling A, Weller M, White VA, Ellison DW. cIMPACT-NOW update 6: new entity and diagnostic principle recommendations of the cIMPACT-Utrecht meeting on future CNS tumor classification and grading. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:844-856. [PMID: 32307792 PMCID: PMC8018152 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
cIMPACT-NOW (the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy) was established to evaluate and make practical recommendations on recent advances in the field of CNS tumor classification, particularly in light of the rapid progress in molecular insights into these neoplasms. For Round 2 of its deliberations, cIMPACT-NOW Working Committee 3 was reconstituted and convened in Utrecht, The Netherlands, for a meeting designed to review putative new CNS tumor types in advance of any future World Health Organization meeting on CNS tumor classification. In preparatory activities for the meeting and at the actual meeting, a list of possible entities was assembled and each type and subtype debated. Working Committee 3 recommended that a substantial number of newly recognized types and subtypes should be considered for inclusion in future CNS tumor classifications. In addition, the group endorsed a number of principles-relating to classification categories, approaches to classification, nomenclature, and grading-that the group hopes will also inform the future classification of CNS neoplasms.
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21
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Zhao H, Fang X, Xue B. Four methods to analyze H3K27M mutation in diffuse midline gliomas. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153065. [PMID: 32825938 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The histone H3 K27M mutation has been frequently reported in the majority of diffuse midline gliomas, which is considered as a prognostic and predictive biomarker. A number of different methods and platforms including pyrosequencing (PSQ), sanger sequencing, immunohistochemistry (IHC), Mass array and NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) have been used to detect H3K27M mutation in diffuse midline gliomas. However, controversy remains about the most appropriate method to use for analyzing H3K27M status. The H3K27 M mutation status of a total of 50 diffuse midline gliomas was examined using PSQ, sanger sequencing, IHC and Mass array in parallel. Using PSQ as a recommended standard method, the sensitivity, specificity and correlation with the other assays were calculated. Among 50 diffuse midline glioma cases, the H3K27M mutation was positive in 64 %, 66 %, 62 % and 62 % of the cases by PSQ, IHC, sanger sequencing and mass array, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC were 100 % and 94.4 %, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of sanger sequencing and mass array were both 96.9 % and 100 %, respectively. This study demonstrated that IHC is an effective and rapid detection method for routine use in pathology laboratories for the identification of H3K27M mutation. A combination of IHC and sanger sequencing assays can provide 100 % sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of H3K27M status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Zhao
- Genomics Research Platform, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xiao Fang
- Beijing Mingzezhonghe Pharmaceutical Research Co.,Ltd. Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Bing Xue
- Genomics Research Platform, Core Facilities Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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22
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Sloan EA, Cooney T, Oberheim Bush NA, Buerki R, Taylor J, Clarke JL, Torkildson J, Kline C, Reddy A, Mueller S, Banerjee A, Butowski N, Chang S, Mummaneni PV, Chou D, Tan L, Theodosopoulos P, McDermott M, Berger M, Raffel C, Gupta N, Sun PP, Li Y, Shah V, Cha S, Braunstein S, Raleigh DR, Samuel D, Scharnhorst D, Fata C, Guo H, Moes G, Kim JYH, Koschmann C, Van Ziffle J, Onodera C, Devine P, Grenert JP, Lee JC, Pekmezci M, Phillips JJ, Tihan T, Bollen AW, Perry A, Solomon DA. Recurrent non-canonical histone H3 mutations in spinal cord diffuse gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:877-881. [PMID: 31515627 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Kristensen BW, Priesterbach-Ackley LP, Petersen JK, Wesseling P. Molecular pathology of tumors of the central nervous system. Ann Oncol 2019; 30:1265-1278. [PMID: 31124566 PMCID: PMC6683853 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the update of the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors published in 2016, particular molecular characteristics are part of the definition of a subset of these neoplasms. This combined 'histo-molecular' approach allows for a much more precise diagnosis of especially diffuse gliomas and embryonal CNS tumors. This review provides an update of the most important diagnostic and prognostic markers for state-of-the-art diagnosis of primary CNS tumors. Defining molecular markers for diffuse gliomas are IDH1/IDH2 mutations, 1p/19q codeletion and mutations in histone H3 genes. Medulloblastomas, the most frequent embryonal CNS tumors, are divided into four molecularly defined groups according to the WHO 2016 Classification: wingless/integrated (WNT) signaling pathway activated, sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway activated and tumor protein p53 gene (TP53)-mutant, SHH-activated and TP53-wildtype, and non-WNT/non-SHH-activated. Molecular characteristics are also important for the diagnosis of several other CNS tumors, such as RELA fusion-positive subtype of ependymoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, and solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma. Immunohistochemistry is a helpful alternative for further molecular characterization of several of these tumors. Additionally, genome-wide methylation profiling is a very promising new tool in CNS tumor diagnostics. Much progress has thus been made by translating the most relevant molecular knowledge into a more precise clinical diagnosis of CNS tumors. Hopefully, this will enable more specific and more effective therapeutic approaches for the patients suffering from these tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- DNA Methylation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Glioma/diagnosis
- Glioma/drug therapy
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/mortality
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/mortality
- Prognosis
- Survival Rate
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - J K Petersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Wesseling
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht; Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht; Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers/VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma associated with an H3G34 mutation: a case report with review of literature. Brain Tumor Pathol 2019; 36:169-173. [PMID: 31350684 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-019-00349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a rare case of anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) associated with an H3G34 mutation. A 12-year-old male presented with loss of appetite, vomiting, headache, and a generalized seizure, and CT revealed a 9.0 cm left frontal lobe mass with some septal walls and a localized high-density area suggestive of hemorrhage or calcification, causing severe midline shift. He emergently underwent subtotal resection and the tumor was morphologically diagnosed as anaplastic PXA. DNA sequencing identified an H3F3A G34R mutation and a TP53 R273H mutation, and immunohistochemically, ATRX nuclear expression was lost. In CNS tumors, H3G34 mutations are essentially detected in glioblastoma (GBM) or central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors. Those tumors most likely comprise a single biological entity (high-grade glioma with H3G34 mutation) because of no significant difference in molecular profiling and prognosis between GBM and PNET morphologies. To our knowledge, our present case is the first one of anaplastic PXA associated with an H3G34 mutation, and whether it biologically corresponds to "high-grade glioma with H3G34 mutation" needs further studies.
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25
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H3F3A-G34R mutant high grade neuroepithelial neoplasms with glial and dysplastic ganglion cell components. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:78. [PMID: 31109382 PMCID: PMC6526605 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently described malignant neuro-epithelial tumors with histone H3F3A point mutations at G34 (NET-H3-G34) occur most often in cerebral hemispheres of teenagers and young adults, and have a generally adverse prognosis. These tumors have been histologically classified as glioblastoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in the past, and have not been defined as a separate entity in the revised WHO classification of tumors of the CNS 2016. Here, we report two cases of NET-H3-G34 with glial and dysplastic ganglion cell components affecting teenagers. Patients were treated with surgery and radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. One patient underwent partial resection and deceased 21 months after diagnosis, while the other patient is alive without evidence of disease 15 months after total resection. So far, a dysplastic ganglion cell component has not been described in NET-H-G34, and its presence raises a possible relation to (anaplastic) gangliogliomas. Genome-wide copy number analysis did not provide unequivocal evidence that these tumors represent anaplastic variants of gangliogliomas, as opposed to NET-H3-G34. Our observations expand the morphologic spectrum of NET-H3-G34. Further cases of NET-H3-G34 with dysplastic ganglion cells should be clinically followed to find differences or similarities in their biological behavior, as compared to NET-H3-G34 and anaplastic gangliogliomas.
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26
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Wood MD, Halfpenny AM, Moore SR. Applications of molecular neuro-oncology - a review of diffuse glioma integrated diagnosis and emerging molecular entities. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:29. [PMID: 30967140 PMCID: PMC6457044 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0802-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the molecular underpinnings of primary central nervous system tumors have radically changed the approach to tumor diagnosis and classification. Diagnostic emphasis has shifted from the morphology of a tumor under the microscope to an integrated approach based on morphologic and molecular features, including gene mutations, chromosomal copy number alterations, and gene rearrangements. In 2016, the World Health Organization provided guidelines for making an integrated diagnosis that incorporates both morphologic and molecular features in a subset of brain tumors. The integrated diagnosis now applies to infiltrating gliomas, a category that includes diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma grades II, III, and IV, and oligodendroglioma, grades II and III, thereby encompassing the most common primary intra-axial central nervous system tumors. Other neoplasms such as medulloblastoma, embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes, certain supratentorial ependymomas, and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor are also eligible for integrated diagnosis, which can sometimes be aided by characteristic immunohistochemical markers. Since 2016, advances in molecular neuro-oncology have resulted in periodic updates and clarifications to the integrated diagnostic approach. These advances reflect expanding knowledge on the molecular pathology of brain tumors, but raise a challenge in rapidly incorporating new molecular findings into diagnostic practice. This review provides a background on the molecular characteristics of primary brain tumors, emphasizing the molecular basis for classification of infiltrating gliomas, the most common entities that are eligible for an integrated diagnosis. We then discuss entities within the diffuse gliomas that do not receive an integrated diagnosis by WHO 2016 criteria, but have distinctive molecular features that are important to recognize because their clinical behavior can influence clinical management and prognosis. Particular attention is given to the histone H3 G34R/G34V mutant astrocytomas, an entity to consider when faced with an infiltrating glioma in the cerebral hemisphere of children and young adults, and to the group of histologically lower grade diffuse astrocytic gliomas with molecular features of glioblastoma, an important category of tumors to recognize due to their aggressive clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Wood
- OHSU Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97213, USA.
| | - Aaron M Halfpenny
- OHSU Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Section of Neuropathology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-113, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Stephen R Moore
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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27
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Scheie D, Kufaishi HHA, Broholm H, Lund EL, de Stricker K, Melchior LC, Grauslund M. Biomarkers in tumors of the central nervous system - a review. APMIS 2019; 127:265-287. [PMID: 30740783 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, diagnostics of brain tumors were almost solely based on morphology and immunohistochemical stainings for relatively unspecific lineage markers. Although certain molecular markers have been known for longer than a decade (combined loss of chromosome 1p and 19q in oligodendrogliomas), molecular biomarkers were not included in the WHO scheme until 2016. Now, the classification of diffuse gliomas rests on an integration of morphology and molecular results. Also, for many other central nervous system tumor entities, specific diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been detected and continue to emerge. Previously, we considered brain tumors with similar histology to represent a single disease entity. We now realize that histologically identical tumors might show alterations in different molecular pathways, and often represent separate diseases with different natural history and response to treatment. Hence, knowledge about specific biomarkers is of great importance for individualized treatment and follow-up. In this paper we review the biomarkers that we currently use in the diagnostic work-up of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scheie
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Løbner Lund
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Morten Grauslund
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
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28
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Cotter JA, Judkins AR. Fitting the epigenome into the picture: methylation classification for paediatric brain tumours. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:543-547. [PMID: 29679371 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Cotter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - A R Judkins
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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29
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Epigenetic Modifications as Biomarkers of Tumor Development, Therapy Response, and Recurrence across the Cancer Care Continuum. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040101. [PMID: 29614786 PMCID: PMC5923356 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant epigenetic modifications are an early event in carcinogenesis, with the epigenetic landscape continuing to change during tumor progression and metastasis—these observations suggest that specific epigenetic modifications could be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for many cancer types. DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs are all dysregulated in cancer and are detectable to various degrees in liquid biopsies such as sputum, urine, stool, and blood. Here, we will focus on the application of liquid biopsies, as opposed to tissue biopsies, because of their potential as non-invasive diagnostic tools and possible use in monitoring therapy response and progression to metastatic disease. This includes a discussion of septin-9 (SEPT9) DNA hypermethylation for detecting colorectal cancer, which is by far the most developed epigenetic biomarker assay. Despite their potential as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, technical issues such as inconsistent methodology between studies, overall low yield of epigenetic material in samples, and the need for improved histone and non-coding RNA purification methods are limiting the use of epigenetic biomarkers. Once these technical limitations are overcome, epigenetic biomarkers could be used to monitor cancer development, disease progression, therapeutic response, and recurrence across the entire cancer care continuum.
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30
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Historadiological correlations in high-grade glioma with the histone 3.3 G34R mutation. J Neuroradiol 2018; 45:316-322. [PMID: 29505840 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Molecular alterations were recently added to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We correlated the histological and radiological features of G34R mutant high-grade gliomas, a recently described hemispheric and supratentorial glioma of children and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective multicenter study on the histopathological and MRI results of 12 patients. RESULTS All tumors were supratentorial. Several radiological aspects were observed. Height over 12 were bulky and well delineated tumors, without visible peritumoral infiltration on MRI and pathologically characterized by highly cellular tissue associated with a moderate peritumoral infiltrative component. Two tumors were ill-defined and hyperintense on T2 sequences and pathologically characterized by diffuse tumoral infiltration. Two tumors were bulky and well delineated with an infiltrative component, both radiologically and histopathologically. CONCLUSIONS These different patterns may correspond to different pathological mechanisms and a potential link with prognosis should be assessed in further studies.
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31
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Pickles JC, Hawkins C, Pietsch T, Jacques TS. CNS embryonal tumours: WHO 2016 and beyond. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2018; 44:151-162. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Pickles
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme; UCL GOS Institute of Child Health; London UK
- Department of Histopathology; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - C. Hawkins
- Division of Pathology; Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - T. Pietsch
- Department of Neuropathology; Brain Tumor Reference Center of the DGNN; University of Bonn, Medical Center Sigmund-Freud; Bonn Germany
| | - T. S. Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme; UCL GOS Institute of Child Health; London UK
- Department of Histopathology; Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children; NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
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Fang D, Wang H, Zhang Z. Probing the Function of Oncohistones Using Mutant Transgenes and Knock-In Mutations. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1832:339-356. [PMID: 30073537 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8663-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, frequent somatic mutations at histone genes have been detected in high grade pediatric brain tumor, chondroblastoma, and giant cell tumor of bone. These mutant histones are also termed oncohistones. Since oncohistone proteins co-exist with wild type histone proteins in cells, it is critically important to understand how they promote tumorigenesis. Here, we describe two methods to analyze the impact of these oncohistones on histone modification and epigenome, including the expression of oncohistone from a transgene and the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock-in specific oncohistone mutations. The methods described are useful for the initial characterization of oncohistones. Other methods such as ChIP-seq and RNA-seq, which analyze the effect of oncohistone mutations genome wide, are not detailed in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heping Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Development, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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33
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Quénet D. Histone Variants and Disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 335:1-39. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bozkurt SU, Dagcinar A, Tanrikulu B, Comunoglu N, Meydan BC, Ozek M, Oz B. Significance of H3K27M mutation with specific histomorphological features and associated molecular alterations in pediatric high-grade glial tumors. Childs Nerv Syst 2018; 34:107-116. [PMID: 29063957 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) constitute almost 15% of all childhood brain tumors. Recurrent mutations such as H3K27M mutation in H3F3A and HIST1H3B genes encoding histone H3 and its variants were identified in approximately 30% of pediatric glioblastomas. This study aimed to ascertain the morphological and molecular characteristics of pHGGs with H3K27M mutation. METHODS In total, 61 cases of pHGGs (anaplastic astrocytoma, 12; glioblastomas, 49) from four university hospitals were studied. The histomorphological features were examined and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the mutation status of H3K27M, ATRX, IDH1, BRAF V600E, and p53 genes. RESULTS The study comprised 25 females and 36 males (age range, 1-18 years) with a clinical follow-up of up to 108 months. From the total, 31 patients were positive for H3K27M mutation located in the midline, mostly in the pons and thalamus. H3K27M mutation was commonly associated with ATRX loss (32.3%) and p53 (74.2%) immunoreactivity with a co-expression rate of 25.8%. While IDH1 mutation was not detected in pHGGs with H3K27M mutation, BRAFV600E mutation was rarely observed. Among the various histomorphological features, increased number of mitosis, increased Ki-67 proliferation index, and palisading and geographical necrosis along with small cell patterns were significantly associated with the H3K27M wild-type tumors. Focal infarct-like necrosis and pilomyxoid morphology was significantly associated with these tumors. CONCLUSION H3K27M mutation occurs exclusively in pHGGs arising from the midline and presents with varied histomorphological features ranging from low-grade pilomyxoid astrocytoma to highly pleomorphic glioblastoma along with ATRX loss and p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süheyla Uyar Bozkurt
- Department of Pathology, Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Fevzi Cakmak Mah. Mimar Sinan Cad. No: 41 Ust Kaynarca Pendik, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - A Dagcinar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Tanrikulu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Comunoglu
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B C Meydan
- Department of Pathology, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - M Ozek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - B Oz
- Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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The case for DNA methylation based molecular profiling to improve diagnostic accuracy for central nervous system embryonal tumors (not otherwise specified) in adults. J Clin Neurosci 2017; 47:163-167. [PMID: 28993028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors (CNS-PNETs), have recently been re-classified in the most recent 2016 WHO Classification into a standby catch all category, "CNS Embryonal Tumor, not otherwise specified" (CNS embryonal tumor, NOS) based on epigenetic, biologic and histopathologic criteria. CNS embryonal tumors (NOS) are a rare, histologically and molecularly heterogeneous group of tumors that predominantly affect children, and occasionally adults. Diagnosis of this entity continues to be challenging and the ramifications of misdiagnosis of this aggressive class of brain tumors are significant. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who was diagnosed with a central nervous system embryonal tumor (NOS) based on immunohistochemical analysis of the patient's tumor at diagnosis. However, later genome-wide methylation profiling of the diagnostic tumor undertaken to guide treatment, revealed characteristics most consistent with IDH-mutant astrocytoma. DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of IDH1 and ATRX mutations resulting in a revised diagnosis of high-grade small cell astrocytoma, and the implementation of a less aggressive treatment regime tailored more appropriately to the patient's tumor type. This case highlights the inadequacy of histology alone for the diagnosis of brain tumours and the utility of methylation profiling and integrated genomic analysis for the diagnostic verification of adults with suspected CNS embryonal tumor (NOS), and is consistent with the increasing realization in the field that a combined diagnostic approach based on clinical, histopathological and molecular data is required to more accurately distinguish brain tumor subtypes and inform more effective therapy.
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Shi L, Wen H, Shi X. The Histone Variant H3.3 in Transcriptional Regulation and Human Disease. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1934-1945. [PMID: 27894815 PMCID: PMC5446305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins wrap around DNA to form nucleosomes, which further compact into the higher-order structure of chromatin. In addition to the canonical histones, there are also variant histones that often have pivotal roles in regulating chromatin dynamics and in the accessibility of the underlying DNA. H3.3 is the most common non-centromeric variant of histone H3 that differs from the canonical H3 by just 4-5 aa. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of H3.3 in transcriptional regulation and the recent discoveries and molecular mechanisms of H3.3 mutations in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Wen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Sturm D, Pfister SM, Jones DTW. Pediatric Gliomas: Current Concepts on Diagnosis, Biology, and Clinical Management. J Clin Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28640698 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.73.0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common CNS tumors in children and adolescents, and they show an extremely broad range of clinical behavior. The majority of pediatric gliomas present as benign, slow-growing lesions classified as grade I or II by the WHO classification of CNS tumors. These pediatric low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are fundamentally different from IDH-mutant LGGs occurring in adults, because they rarely undergo malignant transformation and show excellent overall survival under current treatment strategies. However, a significant fraction of gliomas develop over a short period of time and progress rapidly and are therefore classified as WHO grade III or IV high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Despite all therapeutic efforts, they remain largely incurable, with the most aggressive forms being lethal within months. Thus, the intentions of neurosurgeons, pediatric oncologists, and radiotherapists to improve care for pediatric patients with glioma range from increasing quality of life and preventing long-term sequelae in what is often a chronic, but rarely life-threatening disease (LGG), to uncovering effective treatment options to prolong patient survival in an almost universally fatal setting (HGG). The last decade has seen unprecedented progress in understanding the molecular biology underlying pediatric gliomas, fueling hopes to achieve both goals. Large-scale collaborative studies around the globe have cataloged genomic and epigenomic alterations in gliomas across ages, grades, and histologies. These studies have revealed biologic subgroups characterized by distinct molecular, pathologic, and clinical features, with clear relevance for patient management. In this review, we summarize hallmark discoveries that have expanded our knowledge in pediatric LGGs and HGGs, explain their role in tumor biology, and convey our current concepts on how these findings may be translated into novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Sturm
- Dominik Sturm, Stefan M. Pfister, and David T.W. Jones, German Cancer Research Center; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research; and Dominik Sturm and Stefan M. Pfister, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Dominik Sturm, Stefan M. Pfister, and David T.W. Jones, German Cancer Research Center; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research; and Dominik Sturm and Stefan M. Pfister, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Dominik Sturm, Stefan M. Pfister, and David T.W. Jones, German Cancer Research Center; Hopp-Children's Cancer Center at the National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg; German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research; and Dominik Sturm and Stefan M. Pfister, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Evaluation of a novel antibody to define histone 3.3 G34R mutant brain tumours. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2017; 5:45. [PMID: 28587626 PMCID: PMC5461722 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-017-0449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense somatic mutations affecting histone H3.1 and H3.3 proteins are now accepted as the hallmark of paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), non-brain stem paediatric high grade gliomas (pHGG) as well as a subset of adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Different mutations give rise to one of three amino acid substitutions at two critical positions within the histone tails, K27M, G34R/V. Several studies have highlighted gene expression and epigenetic changes associated with histone H3 mutations; however their precise roles in tumourigenesis remain incompletely understood. Determining how such amino acid substitutions in a protein affect its properties can be challenging because of difficulties in detecting and tracking mutant proteins within cells and tissues. Here we describe a strategy for the generation of antibodies to discriminate G34R and G34V mutant histone H3 proteins from their wild-type counterparts. Antibodies were validated by western blotting and immunocytochemistry, using recombinant H3.3 proteins and paediatric GBM cell lines. The H3-G34R antibody demonstrated a high degree of selectivity towards its target sequence. Accordingly, immunostaining on a cohort of 22 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tumours with a previously known H3.3 G34R mutation status, detected successfully the corresponding mutant protein in 11/11 G34R cases. Since there was a high concordance between genotype and immunohistochemical analysis of G34R mutant tumour samples, we analysed a series of tissue microarrays (TMAs) to assess the specificity of the antibody in a range of paediatric brain tumours, and noted immunoreactivity in 2/634 cases. Importantly, we describe the generation and validation of highly specific antibodies for G34 mutations. Overall our work adds to an extremely valuable portfolio of antibodies, not only for histopathologic detection of tumour-associated mutant histone sequences, but also facilitating the study of spatial/anatomical aspects of tumour formation and the identification of downstream targets and pathways in malignant glioma progression.
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Yoshimoto K, Hatae R, Sangatsuda Y, Suzuki SO, Hata N, Akagi Y, Kuga D, Hideki M, Yamashita K, Togao O, Hiwatashi A, Iwaki T, Mizoguchi M, Iihara K. Prevalence and clinicopathological features of H3.3 G34-mutant high-grade gliomas: a retrospective study of 411 consecutive glioma cases in a single institution. Brain Tumor Pathol 2017; 34:103-112. [PMID: 28447171 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-017-0287-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A recurrent glycine-to-arginine/valine alteration at codon 34 (G34R/V) within H3F3A, a gene that encodes the replication-independent histone variant H3.3, reportedly occurs exclusively in pediatric glioblastomas. However, the clinicopathological and biological significances of this mutation have not been completely elucidated; especially, no such data exist for tumor samples from Japanese patients. We analyzed 411 consecutive glioma cases representing patients of all ages. Our results demonstrated that 14 patients (3.4%) harbored H3F3A mutations, of which four had G34R mutations and 10 had K27M mutations. G34R-mutant tumors were located in the parietal region in two patients and the basal ganglia in one patient. One patient showed multi-lobular extension similar to the pattern observed in gliomatosis cerebri. Regarding neuroradiological features, intratumoral calcification was evident in two cases and all cases showed no or scarce contrast enhancement on MRI. Histopathologically, the four G34R-mutant cases included three glioblastomas and one astroblastoma. We have also investigated alterations in histone methylation including H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me3 in G34R-mutant samples by immunohistochemistry. These results indicate that G34R-mutant tumors are likely to show extensive infiltration and alterations in global histone trimethylation might also play an important role in G34R mutant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryusuke Hatae
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuhei Sangatsuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi O Suzuki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Hata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yojiro Akagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Murata Hideki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koji Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akio Hiwatashi
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toru Iwaki
- Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Mizoguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitakyushu Municipal Medical Center, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Koji Iihara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Buschbeck M, Hake SB. Variants of core histones and their roles in cell fate decisions, development and cancer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2017; 18:299-314. [DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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41
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Carceller F, Fowkes LA, Khabra K, Moreno L, Saran F, Burford A, Mackay A, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Marshall LV, Vaidya S, Mandeville H, Jerome N, Bridges LR, Laxton R, Al-Sarraj S, Pfister SM, Leach MO, Pearson ADJ, Jones C, Koh DM, Zacharoulis S. Pseudoprogression in children, adolescents and young adults with non-brainstem high grade glioma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neurooncol 2016; 129:109-21. [PMID: 27180091 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoprogression (PsP) is a treatment-related phenomenon which hinders response interpretation. Its prevalence and clinical impact have not been evaluated in children/adolescents. We assessed the characteristics, risk factors and prognosis of PsP in children/adolescents and young-adults diagnosed with non-brainstem high grade gliomas (HGG) and diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG). Patients aged 1-21 years diagnosed with HGG or DIPG between 1995 and 2012 who had completed radiotherapy were eligible. PsP was assessed according to study-specific criteria and correlated with first-line treatment, molecular biomarkers and survival. Ninety-one patients (47 HGG, 44 DIPG) were evaluable. Median age: 10 years (range, 2-20). Eleven episodes of PsP were observed in 10 patients (4 HGG, 6 DIPG). Rates of PsP: 8.5 % (HGG); 13.6 % (DIPG). Two episodes of PsP were based on clinical findings alone; nine episodes had concurrent radiological changes: increased size of lesions (n = 5), new focal enhancement (n = 4). Temozolomide, MGMT methylation or H3F3A mutations were not found to be associated with increased occurrence of PsP. For HGG, 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 41.9 % no-PsP versus 100 % PsP (p = 0.041); differences in 1-year overall survival (OS) were not significant. For DIPG, differences in 1-year PFS and OS were not statistically significant. Hazard ratio (95 %CI) of PsP for OS was 0.551 (0.168-1.803; p = 0.325) in HGG; and 0.308 (0.107-0.882; p = 0.028) in DIPG. PsP occurred in both pediatric HGG and DIPG patients at a comparable rate to adult HGG. PsP was associated with improved 1-yr PFS in HGG patients. PsP had a protective effect upon OS in DIPG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carceller
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK.
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Lucy A Fowkes
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Komel Khabra
- Research Data Management and Statistics Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Lucas Moreno
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Clinical Research Unit - Pediatric Phase I-II Clinical Trials, Pediatric Oncology-Hematology Service, Hospital Niño Jesús, Av. de Menéndez Pelayo, num 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Saran
- Department of Neuro Oncology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Anna Burford
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Alan Mackay
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - David T W Jones
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Hovestadt
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lynley V Marshall
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Sucheta Vaidya
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Henry Mandeville
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Neil Jerome
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Leslie R Bridges
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Ross Laxton
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69121, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin O Leach
- CRUK Cancer Imaging Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Andrew D J Pearson
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Dow-Mu Koh
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Stergios Zacharoulis
- Children & Young People's Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
- Division of Clinical Studies and Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG, UK
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Uekawa K, Nakamura H, Shinojima N, Takezaki T, Yano S, Kuratsu JI. Adult Diffuse Astrocytoma in the Medulla Oblongata: Molecular Biological Analyses Including H3F3A Mutation of Histone H3.3. NMC Case Rep J 2016; 3:29-33. [PMID: 28663993 PMCID: PMC5386147 DOI: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike in children, brain stem gliomas in adult are rare and still poorly understood. In addition, most adult brain stem gliomas result predominantly in the pons and are less often found in the medulla oblongata. Here, we report a case of an adult glioma in the medulla oblongata and its molecular biological features. A 46-year-old male presented with gait disturbance, paresthesia, and dysphagia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a diffuse hyper-intensive lesion in the medulla oblongata on a T2-weighted image without gadolinium contrast enhancement. We performed an open biopsy and the lesion was pathologically diagnosed as a diffuse astrocytoma. Molecular biological analyses revealed the absence of histone H3.3 mutation (H3F3A K27M), and presence of methylation of O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter and a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH-1). The patient received local radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy. The patient’s symptoms were ameliorated, and MRI showed no tumor growth at 6 months after the initial treatment. Biopsy for brain stem lesions is generally thought to have risk of complications, but if performed minimally, it is useful to diagnose and determine treatment strategy. Obtaining patient characteristics and molecular biological features will provide insight towards therapeutic treatment for adult brain stem gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Uekawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Shinojima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuya Takezaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Shigetoshi Yano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
| | - Jun-ichi Kuratsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine
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Korshunov A, Capper D, Reuss D, Schrimpf D, Ryzhova M, Hovestadt V, Sturm D, Meyer J, Jones C, Zheludkova O, Kumirova E, Golanov A, Kool M, Schüller U, Mittelbronn M, Hasselblatt M, Schittenhelm J, Reifenberger G, Herold-Mende C, Lichter P, von Deimling A, Pfister SM, Jones DTW. Histologically distinct neuroepithelial tumors with histone 3 G34 mutation are molecularly similar and comprise a single nosologic entity. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 131:137-46. [PMID: 26482474 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the relative morphological uniformity of histone H3 K27-mutant high-grade gliomas, H3 G34-mutant tumors present as a histopathologically heterogeneous group of neoplasms, with microscopic characteristics typical of either glioblastoma (GBM) or central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumors (CNS-PNET). In the current study, we performed an integrative clinical, histopathological and molecular analysis of 81 G34-mutant CNS tumors. Routinely prepared tumor tissues were investigated for genomic and epigenomic alterations. Despite their divergent histopathological appearance, CNS tumors with H3.3 G34 mutations displayed uniform epigenetic signatures, suggesting a single biological origin. Comparative cytogenetic analysis with other GBM subtypes disclosed a high frequency and high specificity of 3q and 4q loss across G34-mutant tumors. PDGFRA amplification was more common in cases with GBM than with PNET morphology (36 vs. 5 %, respectively), while CCND2 amplifications showed the opposite trend (5 vs. 27 %). Survival analysis revealed the presence of amplified oncogene(s) and MGMT methylation as independent prognostic markers for poor and favorable outcomes, respectively. No difference in outcome was found between morphological variants (GBM vs. PNET). Thus, different histological variants of G34-mutant CNS tumors likely comprise a single biological entity (high-grade glioma with H3 G34 mutation, HGG_G34), which should be outlined in future diagnostic and therapeutic classifications. Screening for H3.3 G34 mutation should therefore be recommended as a routine diagnostic marker for supratentorial CNS tumors across a broad histological spectrum.
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44
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Aldape K, Pfister SM. Next-generation molecular diagnostics. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 134:121-130. [PMID: 26948351 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802997-8.00007-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The classification of brain tumors is based on the time-honored tradition of histologic examination, coupled with clinicopathologic correlation, and is based on the fundamental importance of microscopic morphologic interpretation. Supplementation by immunohistochemical markers is of substantial value to distinguish related entities and to confirm morphologic impressions. The use of techniques such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is also critical in specific situations. However, with these practices, it is clear that the use of state-of-the-art molecular techniques has great promise to add to classification to (1) reduce the subjectivity inherent in interobserver discordance, particularly with specific entities; and (2) elucidate the biologic diversity of entities that are not resolvable by routine methods. In this chapter, we discuss these possibilities, focusing on several tumor types affecting the central nervous system, including diffuse glioma and ependymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Aldape
- Department of Pathology, University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Danielsson A, Nemes S, Tisell M, Lannering B, Nordborg C, Sabel M, Carén H. MethPed: a DNA methylation classifier tool for the identification of pediatric brain tumor subtypes. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:62. [PMID: 26157508 PMCID: PMC4495799 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classification of pediatric tumors into biologically defined subtypes is challenging, and multifaceted approaches are needed. For this aim, we developed a diagnostic classifier based on DNA methylation profiles. Results Methylation data generated by the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip arrays were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (n = 472). Using the data, we built MethPed, which is a multiclass random forest algorithm, based on DNA methylation profiles from nine subgroups of pediatric brain tumors. DNA from 18 regional samples was used to validate MethPed. MethPed was additionally applied to a set of 28 publically available tumors with the heterogeneous diagnosis PNET. MethPed could successfully separate individual histology tumor types at a very high accuracy (κ = 0.98). Analysis of a regional cohort demonstrated the clinical benefit of MethPed, as confirmation of diagnosis of tumors with clear histology but also identified possible differential diagnoses in tumors with complicated and mixed type morphology. Conclusions We demonstrate the utility of methylation profiling of pediatric brain tumors and offer MethPed as an easy-to-use toolbox that allows researchers and clinical diagnosticians to test single samples as well as large cohorts for subclass prediction of pediatric brain tumors. This will immediately aid clinical practice and importantly increase our molecular knowledge of these tumors for further therapeutic development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-015-0103-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Danielsson
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Szilárd Nemes
- Swedish Hip Arthroplasty Register, Centre of Registers Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Tisell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Lannering
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Nordborg
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Sabel
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Carén
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 425, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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A sensitive and specific histopathologic prognostic marker for H3F3A K27M mutant pediatric glioblastomas. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 128:743-53. [PMID: 25200322 PMCID: PMC4201755 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-014-1338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric glioblastomas (GBM) are highly aggressive and lethal tumors. Recent sequencing studies have shown that ~30 % of pediatric GBM and ~80 % of diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas show K27M mutations in the H3F3A gene, a variant encoding histone H3.3. H3F3A K27M mutations lead to global reduction in H3K27me3. Our goal was to develop biomarkers for the histopathologic detection of these tumors. Therefore, we evaluated the utility of measuring H3K27me3 global reduction as a histopathologic and prognostic biomarker and tested an antibody directed specifically against the H3.3 K27M mutation in 290 samples. The study cohort included 203 pediatric (including 38 pediatric high-grade astrocytomas) and 38 adult brain tumors of various subtypes and grades and 49 non-neoplastic reactive brain tissues. Detection of H3.3 K27M by immunohistochemistry showed 100 % sensitivity and specificity and was superior to global reduction in H3K27me3 as a biomarker in diagnosing H3F3A K27M mutations. Moreover, cases that stained positive for H3.3 K27M showed a significantly poor prognosis compared to corresponding negative tumors. These results suggest that immunohistochemical detection of H3.3 K27M is a sensitive and specific surrogate for the H3F3A K27M mutation and defines a prognostically poor subset of pediatric GBM.
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Aumann S, Abdel-Wahab O. Somatic alterations and dysregulation of epigenetic modifiers in cancers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 455:24-34. [PMID: 25111821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genomic discovery efforts in patients with cancer have been critical in identifying a recurrent theme of mutations in epigenetic modifiers. A number of novel and exciting basic biological findings have come from this work including the discovery of an enzymatic pathway for DNA cytosine demethylation, a link between cancer metabolism and epigenetics, and the critical importance of post-translational modifications at specific histone residues in malignant transformation. Identification of cancer cell dependency on a number of these mutations has quickly resulted in the development of therapies targeting several of these genetic alterations. This includes, the development of mutant-selective IDH1 and IDH2 inhibitors, DOT1L inhibitors for MLL rearranged leukemias, EZH2 inhibitors for several cancer types, and the development of bromodomain inhibitors for many cancer types--all of which are in early phase clinical trials. In many cases, however, specific genetic targets linked to malignant transformation following mutations in individual epigenetic modifiers are not yet known. In this review we present functional evidence of how alterations in frequently mutated epigenetic modifiers promote malignant transformation and how these alterations are being targeted for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomzion Aumann
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Epigenetic alterations are associated with all aspects of cancer, from tumor initiation to cancer progression and metastasis. It is now well understood that both losses and gains of DNA methylation as well as altered chromatin organization contribute significantly to cancer-associated phenotypes. More recently, new sequencing technologies have allowed the identification of driver mutations in epigenetic regulators, providing a mechanistic link between the cancer epigenome and genetic alterations. Oncogenic activating mutations are now known to occur in a number of epigenetic modifiers (i.e. IDH1/2, EZH2, DNMT3A), pinpointing epigenetic pathways that are involved in tumorigenesis. Similarly, investigations into the role of inactivating mutations in chromatin modifiers (i.e. KDM6A, CREBBP/EP300, SMARCB1) implicate many of these genes as tumor suppressors. Intriguingly, a number of neoplasms are defined by a plethora of mutations in epigenetic regulators, including renal, bladder, and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Particularly striking is the discovery of frequent histone H3.3 mutations in pediatric glioma, a particularly aggressive neoplasm that has long remained poorly understood. Cancer epigenetics is a relatively new, promising frontier with much potential for improving cancer outcomes. Already, therapies such as 5-azacytidine and decitabine have proven that targeting epigenetic alterations in cancer can lead to tangible benefits. Understanding how genetic alterations give rise to the cancer epigenome will offer new possibilities for developing better prognostic and therapeutic strategies.
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49
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Behjati S, Tarpey PS, Presneau N, Scheipl S, Pillay N, Van Loo P, Wedge DC, Cooke SL, Gundem G, Davies H, Nik-Zainal S, Martin S, McLaren S, Goodie V, Robinson B, Butler A, Teague JW, Halai D, Khatri B, Myklebost O, Baumhoer D, Jundt G, Hamoudi R, Tirabosco R, Amary MF, Futreal PA, Stratton MR, Campbell PJ, Flanagan AM. Distinct H3F3A and H3F3B driver mutations define chondroblastoma and giant cell tumor of bone. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1479-82. [PMID: 24162739 PMCID: PMC3839851 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is recognized that some mutated cancer genes contribute to the development of many cancer types, whereas others are cancer type specific. For genes that are mutated in multiple cancer classes, mutations are usually similar in the different affected cancer types. Here, however, we report exquisite tumor type specificity for different histone H3.3 driver alterations. In 73 of 77 cases of chondroblastoma (95%), we found p.Lys36Met alterations predominantly encoded in H3F3B, which is one of two genes for histone H3.3. In contrast, in 92% (49/53) of giant cell tumors of bone, we found histone H3.3 alterations exclusively in H3F3A, leading to p.Gly34Trp or, in one case, p.Gly34Leu alterations. The mutations were restricted to the stromal cell population and were not detected in osteoclasts or their precursors. In the context of previously reported H3F3A mutations encoding p.Lys27Met and p.Gly34Arg or p.Gly34Val alterations in childhood brain tumors, a remarkable picture of tumor type specificity for histone H3.3 driver alterations emerges, indicating that histone H3.3 residues, mutations and genes have distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Behjati
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY
| | - Patrick S Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nadège Presneau
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sarah Cannon / University College London Advanced Diagnostics Molecular Profiling Research Laboratories, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JA, UK
| | - Susanne Scheipl
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Universitätsklinik für Orthopädie und Orthopädische Chirurgie, Medizinische Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics, VIB and KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 box 602, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - David C Wedge
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Susanna L Cooke
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Helen Davies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Serena Nik-Zainal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sancha Martin
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stuart McLaren
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Victoria Goodie
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ben Robinson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Adam Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jon W Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Dina Halai
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Bhavisha Khatri
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Baumhoer
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Jundt
- Bone Tumour Reference Centre, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sarah Cannon / University College London Advanced Diagnostics Molecular Profiling Research Laboratories, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JA, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - M Fernanda Amary
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Michael R Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- University College London Cancer Institute, Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Sarah Cannon / University College London Advanced Diagnostics Molecular Profiling Research Laboratories, Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JA, UK
- Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK
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50
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Yuen BTK, Knoepfler PS. Histone H3.3 mutations: a variant path to cancer. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:567-74. [PMID: 24229707 PMCID: PMC3882088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A host of cancer types exhibit aberrant histone modifications. Recently, distinct and recurrent mutations in a specific histone variant, histone H3.3, have been implicated in a high proportion of malignant pediatric brain cancers. The presence of mutant H3.3 histone disrupts epigenetic posttranslational modifications near genes involved in cancer processes and in brain function. Here, we review possible mechanisms by which mutant H3.3 histones may act to promote tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we discuss how perturbations in normal H3.3 chromatin-related and epigenetic functions may more broadly contribute to the formation of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T K Yuen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4303 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Genome Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California, 2425 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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