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Vasundaradevi R, Sarvajith M, Somashekaraiah R, Gunduraj A, Sreenivasa MY. Antagonistic properties of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSVB1 against Alternaria alternata: a putative probiotic strain isolated from the banyan tree fruit. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1322758. [PMID: 38404595 PMCID: PMC10885809 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1322758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternaria alternata, a notorious phytopathogenic fungus, has been documented to infect several plant species, leading to the loss of agricultural commodities and resulting in significant economic losses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) hold immense promise as biocontrol candidates. However, the potential of LABs derived from fruits remains largely unexplored. In this study, several LABs were isolated from tropical fruit and assessed for their probiotic and antifungal properties. A total of fifty-five LABs were successfully isolated from seven distinct fruits. Among these, seven isolates showed inhibition to growth of A. alternata. Two strains, isolated from fruits: Ficus benghalensis, and Tinospora cordifolia exhibited promising antifungal properties against A. alternata. Molecular identification confirmed their identities as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MYSVB1 and MYSVA7, respectively. Both strains showed adaptability to a wide temperature range (10-45°C), and salt concentrations (up to 7%), with optimal growth around 37 °C and high survival rates under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Among these two strains, Lpb. plantarum MYSVB1 demonstrated significant inhibition (p < 0.01) of the growth of A. alternata. The inhibitory effects of cell-free supernatant (CFS) were strong, with 5% crude CFS sufficient to reduce fungal growth by >70% and complete inhibition by 10% CFS. Moreover, the CFS was inhibitory for both mycelial growth and conidial germination. CFS retained its activity even after long cold storage. The chromatographic analysis identified organic acids in CFS, with succinic acid as the predominant constituent, with lactic acid, and malic acid in descending order. LAB strains isolated from tropical fruits showed promising probiotic and antifungal properties, making them potential candidates for various applications in food and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - M. Y. Sreenivasa
- Applied Mycology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysuru, India
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Abdel Tawab FI, Abd Elkadr MH, Sultan AM, Hamed EO, El-Zayat AS, Ahmed MN. Probiotic potentials of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Egyptian fermented food. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16601. [PMID: 37789063 PMCID: PMC10547719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are of major concern due to their health benefits. Fermented food products comprise variable LAB demonstrating probiotic properties. Discovering and evaluating new probiotics in fermented food products poses a global economic and health importance. Therefore, the present work aimed to investigate and evaluate the probiotic potentials of LAB strains isolated from Egyptian fermented food. In this study, we isolated and functionally characterized 100 bacterial strains isolated from different Egyptian fermented food sources as probiotics. Only four LAB strains amongst the isolated LAB showed probiotic attributes and are considered to be safe for their implementation as feed or dietary supplements. Additionally, they were shown to exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and anticancer effects against the colon cancer cell line Caco-2. The Enterococcus massiliensis IS06 strain was exclusively reported in this study as a probiotic strain with high antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-colon cancer activity. Hitherto, few studies have focused on elucidating the impact of probiotic supplementation in vivo. Therefore, in the current study, the safety of the four strains was tested in vivo through the supplementation of rats with potential probiotic strains for 21 days. The results revealed that probiotic bacterial supplementation in rats did not adversely affect the general health of rats. The Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IS07 strain significantly increased the growth performance of rats. Furthermore, the four strains exhibited increased levels of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione in vivo. Consistently, all strains also showed high antioxidant activity of the superoxide dismutase enzyme in vitro. Overall, these findings demonstrated that these isolated potential probiotics harbor desirable characteristics and can be applied widely as feed additives for animals or as dietary supplements for humans to exert their health benefits and combat serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma I Abdel Tawab
- Oil Crops Biotechnology Lab, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Menna H Abd Elkadr
- Microbiology Lab, Research Park, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany M Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ehdaa O Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ayatollah S El-Zayat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, El-Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa N Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, El-Gamaa Street, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Haghshenas B, Nami Y, Kiani A, Moazami N, Tavallaei O. Cytotoxic effect of potential probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KUMS-Y8 isolated from traditional dairy samples on the KB and OSCC human cancer cell lines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20147. [PMID: 37809760 PMCID: PMC10559912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its prevalence is especially high in developing countries. As an oral cancer treatment, traditional therapies are commonly used. Nonetheless, these treatments frequently result in a variety of side effects. As a consequence, there is an urgent need to enhance oral cancer therapies. Probiotics have recently demonstrated intriguing properties as therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains on the mouth epidermal carcinoma cells (KB) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. In this study, we looked at 21 Lactobacillus strains isolated from traditional dairy products in the Kermanshah province of western Iran to see if they had any inhibitory effects on oral cancer cell lines in vitro. We isolated and characterized Lactobacillus strains before assessing and comparing their probiotic potential and safety. Using the MTT assay, the bacterial extract was then prepared and used as an anti-proliferative agent on oral cancer (KB and OSCC) and normal (fibroblast and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEK) cell lines. Finally, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining was used to determine whether cell death was caused by apoptosis. Four Lactobacillus isolates (C14, M22, M42, and Y8) were shown to have beneficial probiotic qualities. Lactobacillus extracts (of a protein nature) decreased the survival and proliferation of the KB and OSCC cancer cell lines (dose- and time-dependent) by inducing apoptosis, with no basic damaging effects on normal cells. The staining with acridine orange/ethidium bromide revealed that the cell death was caused by apoptosis. Furthermore, of the four Lactobacillus strains examined, isolate Y8 (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) showed the strongest probiotic potential for suppressing KB and OSCC cell proliferation when compared to anticancer medicines (doxorubicin and paclitaxel). The current research found that Lactobacillus extract might reduce the growth and viability of the KB and OSCC cancer cell lines by inducing apoptosis, increasing the survival rate of oral cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Haghshenas
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest and West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center (RMRC), Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nesa Moazami
- Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Omid Tavallaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Fakharian F, Thirugnanam S, Welsh DA, Kim WK, Rappaport J, Bittinger K, Rout N. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 37513022 PMCID: PMC10384393 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siva Thirugnanam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A. Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70806, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Namita Rout
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Chen Y, Guan W, Zhang N, Wang Y, Tian Y, Sun H, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> Lp2 improved LPS-induced liver injury through the TLR-4/MAPK/NFκB and Nrf2-HO-1/CYP2E1 pathways in mice. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:5459. [PMID: 35903291 PMCID: PMC9287763 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.5459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory liver diseases present a significant public health problem. Probiotics are a kind of living microorganisms, which can improve the balance of host intestinal flora, promote the proliferation of intestinal beneficial bacteria, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, improve immunity, reduce blood lipids and so on. Probiotics in fermented foods have attracted considerable attention lately as treatment options for liver injury.
Objective: The aim of this study was selected probiotic strain with well probiotic properties from naturally fermented foods and investigated the underlying mechanisms of screened probiotic strain on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury, which provided the theoretical foundation for the development of probiotics functional food.
Design: The probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus plantarum Lp2 isolated from Chinese traditional fermented food were evaluated. Male KM mice were randomly assigned into three groups: normal chow (Control), LPS and LPS with L. plantarum Lp2. L. plantarum Lp2 were orally administered for 4 weeks before exposure to LPS. The liver injury of LPS-induced mice was observed through the evaluation of biochemical indexes, protein expression level and liver histopathology.
Results and discussions: After treatment for 4 weeks, L. plantarum Lp2 administration significantly reduced the LPS-induced liver coefficient and the levels of serum or liver aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and LPS, as well as decreasing the histological alterations and protein compared with the LPS group. Western-blotting results showed that L. plantarum Lp2 activated the signal pathway of TLR4/MAPK/NFκB/NRF2-HO-1/CYP2E1/Caspase-3 and regulated the expression of related proteins.
Conclusions: In summary, L. plantarum Lp2 suppressed the LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative injury and apoptosis has the potential to be used to improve liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wuyang Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyue Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Xia Li Tel: +86 0431 84533312; fax: +86 0431 84533312 E-mail:
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
- Xia Li Tel: +86 0431 84533312; fax: +86 0431 84533312 E-mail:
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
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Yang MF, Yan W, Li Y, Li SQ, Chen HY, Yin QQ, Dang XW, Zhang HY. The Probiotic Attributes and Anti-pseudorabies Virus Evaluation of Lactobacillus Isolates. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:902052. [PMID: 35795786 PMCID: PMC9252522 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.902052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) variants brings serious harm to the swine industry, and its effective treatments are limited at present. As one of the probiotics, the Lactobacillus species have beneficial characteristics of regulating the balance of intestinal flora, inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and viruses' proliferation, and improving self-immunity. In this study, Lactobacillus plantarum HN-11 and Lactobacillus casei HN-12 were selected and identified through morphology observation, Gram stain microscopy, 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, and specific amplification of the recA gene and pheS gene. All tested isolates exhibited rapid adaptation to the different conditions, excellent acid, and bile tolerance, and sensitivity to Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic susceptibility assay displayed the isolates sensitive to most antibiotics and resistant to Lincomycin and Norfloxacin. Moreover, the supernatants of HN-11 and HN-12 inhibited PRV proliferation in ST cells. The results of animal experiments showed that supplementing the challenged mice with the supernatants of Lactobacillus isolates in advance delayed the course of the disease. PRV was detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and brain tissues of dead mice in the test groups, and its copies in the lungs were significantly decreased compared with the control mice (P < 0.05). These findings proved the advantages of L. plantarum and L. casei as potential probiotic cultures, which could provide a basis for its application in microecological preparations and functional formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fan Yang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Qi Li
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qiang Yin
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dang
- Henan Delin Biological Products Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Ying Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Pig Disease Prevention and Control, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Ying Zhang
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Akhmedov VA. Correction of intestinal microbial composition disturbances as a potential link in complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:277-282. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The article reflects the potential for correcting intestinal microbiota disorders in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. It has been noted that the inclusion of dietary fiber in the diet contributes to protection against disruption of the integrity of the intestinal barrier and may limit bacterial translocation into the systemic circulation. The possibility of using psyllium (Mucofalk) is reflected, the action of which is realized both through its sorption, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties in viral lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, and through stimulation of the own beneficial intestinal microbiota. The paper presents studies of the prospects for the use of probiotics, synbiotics in the complex therapy of patients with COVID-19. Detailed data are provided on the mechanisms of the positive effect of short-chain fatty acid preparations on reducing the severity of the disease in patients with COVID-19. It was noted that taking the drug Zacofalk leads to a significant increase in its own butyrate-producing microbiota (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) and suppression of the growth of opportunistic flora with pro-inflammatory activity. The results of a recent study are presented showing that in patients with a mild course of COVID infection with respiratory and intestinal symptoms, the administration of Zakofalk for 30 days (3 tablets per day) led to significantly faster stool normalization (by day 7), persistent normalization of the frequency and consistency of stools by the 21st day and a significantly more pronounced regression of bloating and abdominal pain, as well as a decrease in the risk of developing post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.
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Guerrero Sanchez M, Passot S, Campoy S, Olivares M, Fonseca F. Ligilactobacillus salivarius functionalities, applications, and manufacturing challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:57-80. [PMID: 34889985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a lactic acid bacteria that has been gaining attention as a promising probiotic. Numerous strains exhibit functional properties with health benefits such as antimicrobial activity, immunological effects, and the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota. However, just a small number of them are manufactured at an industrial scale and included in commercial products. The under exploitation of L. salivarius strains that remain in the freezer of companies is due to their incapacity to overcome the environmental stresses induced by production and stabilization processes.The present study summarizes the functionalities and applications of L. salivarius reported to date. It aims also at providing a critical evaluation of the literature available on the manufacturing steps of L. salivarius concentrates, the bacterial quality after each step of the process, and the putative degradation and preservation mechanisms. Here, we highlight the principal issues and future research challenges for improving the production and long-term preservation at the industrial scale of this microorganism, and probably of other probiotics.Key points• L. salivarius beneficial properties and commercialized products.• Production conditions and viability of L. salivarius after stabilization processes.• Prospects for identifying preservation mechanisms to improve L. salivarius stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Passot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Campoy
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - F Fonseca
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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Tomas M, Capanoglu E, Bahrami A, Hosseini H, Akbari‐Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Rehman A, Rezaei A, Rashidinejad A, Garavand F, Goudarzi M, Jafari SM. The direct and indirect effects of bioactive compounds against coronavirus. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021; 3:96-123. [PMID: 35462942 PMCID: PMC9015578 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging viruses are known to pose a threat to humans in the world. COVID‐19, a newly emerging viral respiratory disease, can spread quickly from people to people via respiratory droplets, cough, sneeze, or exhale. Up to now, there are no specific therapies found for the treatment of COVID‐19. In this sense, the rising demand for effective antiviral drugs is stressed. The main goal of the present study is to cover the current literature about bioactive compounds (e.g., polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, minerals, vitamins, oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides, essential oils, and probiotics) with potential efficiency against COVID‐19, showing antiviral activities via the inhibition of coronavirus entry into the host cell, coronavirus enzymes, as well as the virus replication in human cells. In turn, these compounds can boost the immune system, helping fight against COVID‐19. Overall, it can be concluded that bioactives and the functional foods containing these compounds can be natural alternatives for boosting the immune system and defeating coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Tomas
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Halkali Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering Istanbul Technical University Maslak Istanbul Turkey
| | - Akbar Bahrami
- Center for Excellence in Post‐Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Food Additives Department Food Science and Technology Research Institute Research Center for Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research (ACECR) Mashhad Iran
| | - Safoura Akbari‐Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Ardabil Iran
| | - Abdur Rehman
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Jiangsu Wuxi China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Mostafa Goudarzi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Tehran Karaj Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources Gorgan Iran
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Potential Adjuvant Therapeutic Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-88 Postbiotics against SARS-COV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101067. [PMID: 34696175 PMCID: PMC8537773 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the global effort to develop high efficacy countermeasures to control the infection are being conducted at full swing. While the efficacy of vaccines and coronavirus drugs are being tested, the microbiome approach represents an alternative pathophysiology-based approach to prevent the severity of the infection. In the current study, we evaluated the action of a novel probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum Probio-88 against SARS-COV-2 replication and immune regulation using an in vitro and in silico study. The results showed that extract from this strain (P88-CFS) significantly inhibited the replication of SARS-COV-2 and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Furthermore, compared with infected cells, P88-CFS treated cells showed a significant reduction in inflammatory markers such as IFN-α, IFN-β, and IL-6. Using an in silico molecular docking approach, it was postulated that the antiviral activity of L. plantarum Probio-88 was derived from plantaricin E (PlnE) and F (PlnF). The high binding affinity and formation of hydrogen bonding indicated that the association of PlnE and PlnF on SARS-COV-2 helicase might serve as a blocker by preventing the binding of ss-RNA during the replication of the virus. In conclusion, our study substantiated that P88-CFS could be used as an integrative therapeutic approach along with vaccine to contain the spread of the highly infectious pathogen and possibly its variants.
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Overview on the Prevalence of Fungal Infections, Immune Response, and Microbiome Role in COVID-19 Patients. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090720. [PMID: 34575758 PMCID: PMC8466761 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19, such as individuals in intensive care units (ICU), are exceptionally susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections. The most prevalent fungal infections are aspergillosis and candidemia. Nonetheless, other fungal species (for instance, Histoplasma spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Cryptococcus spp.) have recently been increasingly linked to opportunistic fungal diseases in COVID-19 patients. These fungal co-infections are described with rising incidence, severe illness, and death that is associated with host immune response. Awareness of the high risks of the occurrence of fungal co-infections is crucial to downgrade any arrear in diagnosis and treatment to support the prevention of severe illness and death directly related to these infections. This review analyses the fungal infections, treatments, outcome, and immune response, considering the possible role of the microbiome in these patients. The search was performed in Medline (PubMed), using the words "fungal infections COVID-19", between 2020-2021.
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The Interaction Between Viruses and Intestinal Microbiota: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3597-3608. [PMID: 34350485 PMCID: PMC8336530 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the main pathogen threatening human and animal health, viruses can affect the immunity and metabolism of bodies. There are innate microbial barriers in the digestive tract of the body to preserve the homeostasis of the animal body, which directly or indirectly influences the host defence against viral infection. Understanding the interaction between viruses and intestinal microbiota or probiotics is helpful to study the pathogenesis of diseases. Here, we review recent studies on the interaction mechanism between intestinal microbiota and viruses. The interaction can be divided into two aspects: inhibition of viral infection by microbiota and promotion of viral infection by microbiota. The treatment of viral infection by probiotics is summarized.
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Hung YP, Lee CC, Lee JC, Tsai PJ, Ko WC. Gut Dysbiosis during COVID-19 and Potential Effect of Probiotics. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081605. [PMID: 34442684 PMCID: PMC8402052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an RNA virus of the family Coronaviridae, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that chiefly infects the lungs through respiratory transmission. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, a transmembrane protein in its outer portion, targets angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the binding receptor for the cell entry. As ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut and pulmonary tissues, SARS-CoV-2 infections frequently result in gastrointestinal inflammation, with presentations ordinarily ranging from intestinal cramps to complications with intestinal perforations. However, the evidence detailing successful therapy for gastrointestinal involvement in COVID-19 patients is currently limited. A significant change in fecal microbiomes, namely dysbiosis, was characterized by the enrichment of opportunistic pathogens and the depletion of beneficial commensals and their crucial association to COVID-19 severity has been evidenced. Oral probiotics had been evidenced to improve gut health in achieving homeostasis by exhibiting their antiviral effects via the gut-lung axis. Although numerous commercial probiotics have been effective against coronavirus, their efficacies in treating COVID-19 patients remain debated. In ClinicalTrials.gov, 19 clinical trials regarding the dietary supplement of probiotics, in terms of Lactobacillus and mixtures of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, for treating COVID-19 cases are ongoing. Accordingly, the preventive or therapeutic role of probiotics for COVID-19 patients can be elucidated in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 700, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Ching-Chi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-C.L.)
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 705, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 711, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 705, Taiwan;
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 705, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 705, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (J.-C.L.)
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 705, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Papadopoulou SK, Mantzorou M, Koutridou D, Tassoulas E, Sakellaropoulou S, Biskanaki F, Xatziapostolou E, Papandreou D. COVID-19 disease, obesity and micronutrients: an updated narrative review of the literature. NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 51:808-824. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-08-2020-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically summarize the current data concerning the impact of obesity and micronutrient adequacy and supplementation on the risk and severity of COVID-19 disease, and their potential impact on treatment and rehabilitation.Design/methodology/approachPubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases were thoroughly searched to identify studies concerning obesity and nutritional status, vitamin and other micronutrients adequacy with COVID-19 severity.FindingsIndividuals with higher body mass index are in greater risk of severe disease and need for mechanical ventilation. Concerning micronutrient adequacy, no published studies at the present time have evaluated the effect of supplementation on the risk and the treatment of the novel disease.Originality/valueRecently, COVID-19 has monopolized the interest of the medical community regarding diet and nutritional status and it possibly plays an important role in disease severity.
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15
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Abstract
Intestinal microbiota interacts with other systems, especially the immune system, which is responsible for protecting the body by recognizing “stranger” (pathogen associated molecular patterns-PAMPs) and “danger” (damage-associated molecular patterns-DAMPs) molecular motifs. In this manner, it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases and health. Despite the use of probiotics that modulate the intestinal microbiota in providing health benefits and in the treatment of diseases, there are some possible concerns about the possibility of developing adverse effects, especially in people with suppressed immune systems. Since probiotics provide health benefits with bioactive compounds, studies are carried out on the use of products containing non-living probiotic microorganisms (paraprobiotics) and/or their metabolites (postbiotics) instead of probiotic products. It is even reported that these microbial compounds have more immunomodulatory activities than living microorganisms via some possible mechanism and eliminates some disadvantages of probiotics. Considering the increasing use of functional foods in health and disease, further studies are needed with respect to the benefits and advantages of parabiotic and/or postbiotic use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as well as immune system modulation. Although probiotics have been extensive studied for a long time, it seems that postbiotics are promising tools for future research and applications according to the recent literature. This review aimed to evaluate the interaction of probiotics and postbiotics with the immune systems and also their advantages and disadvantages in the area of food-pharmaceutical industry and immune system modulation.
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16
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Martínez‐Romero E, Aguirre‐Noyola JL, Bustamante‐Brito R, González‐Román P, Hernández‐Oaxaca D, Higareda‐Alvear V, Montes‐Carreto LM, Martínez‐Romero JC, Rosenblueth M, Servín‐Garcidueñas LE. We and herbivores eat endophytes. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1282-1299. [PMID: 33320440 PMCID: PMC8313258 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Health depends on the diet and a vegetal diet promotes health by providing fibres, vitamins and diverse metabolites. Remarkably, plants may also provide microbes. Fungi and bacteria that reside inside plant tissues (endophytes) seem better protected to survive digestion; thus, we investigated the reported evidence on the endophytic origin of some members of the gut microbiota in animals such as panda, koala, rabbits and tortoises and several herbivore insects. Data examined here showed that some members of the herbivore gut microbiota are common plant microbes, which derived to become stable microbiota in some cases. Endophytes may contribute to plant fibre or antimetabolite degradation and synthesis of metabolites with the plethora of enzymatic activities that they display; some may have practical applications, for example, Lactobacillus plantarum found in the intestinal tract, plants and in fermented food is used as a probiotic that may defend animals against bacterial and viral infections as other endophytic-enteric bacteria do. Clostridium that is an endophyte and a gut bacterium has remarkable capabilities to degrade cellulose by having cellulosomes that may be considered the most efficient nanomachines. Cellulose degradation is a challenge in animal digestion and for biofuel production. Other endophytic-enteric bacteria may have cellulases, pectinases, xylanases, tannases, proteases, nitrogenases and other enzymatic capabilities that may be attractive for biotechnological developments, indeed many endophytes are used to promote plant growth. Here, a cycle of endophytic-enteric-soil-endophytic microbes is proposed which has relevance for health and comprises the fate of animal faeces as natural microbial inoculants for plants that constitute bacterial sources for animal guts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pilar González‐Román
- Programa de Ecología GenómicaCentro de Ciencias GenómicasUNAMCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Mónica Rosenblueth
- Programa de Ecología GenómicaCentro de Ciencias GenómicasUNAMCuernavacaMorelosMexico
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Yaseen MO, Jamshaid H, Saif A, Hussain T. Immunomodulatory role and potential utility of various nutrients and dietary components in SARS-CoV-2 infection. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2021; 92:35-48. [PMID: 34100300 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome cornoavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a great perturbation all around the globe and has many devastating effects on every aspect of life. Apart from the oxygen therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Remdesivir and Dexamethasone have been proven to be efficacious against COVID-19, along with various vaccine candidates and monoclonal antibody cocktail therapy for Regeneron. All of these are currently at different stages of clinical trials. People with weak immunity are more prone to a severe infection of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, early and judicious nutritional supplementation along with pharmacological treatment and clinician collaborations are critical in restituting the current situation. Nutritional supplements help in acquiring strong immunity to prevent the progression of disease any further. Vitamin C, vitamin D, selenium, zinc and many other nutritional and dietary supplements inhibit the production of inflammatory cytokines during a viral infection and prevents several unwanted symptoms of infection. Many dietary components like citrus fruits, black elderberry, ginger, and probiotics have the ability to attack viral replication. These supplements can also tame the overriding immune system during coronavirus infection. Keeping in view these facts, nutritional and dietary supplements can be used along with other management modalities. These nutritional and dietary supplements are potential candidates to curb the convulsive unfolding of novel COVID-19, in combination with other standard treatment protocols. In this review, various search engines were used to exploit available literature in order to provide a comprehensive review on nutritional and dietary supplements with respect to the viral infections. It will also provide a brief overview on some of the clinical trials that are in progress to assess the role of nutritional supplements, either alone or in combination with other pharmacological drugs, in fight against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Osama Yaseen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Humzah Jamshaid
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Saif
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Indo Y, Kitahara S, Tomokiyo M, Araki S, Islam MA, Zhou B, Albarracin L, Miyazaki A, Ikeda-Ohtsubo W, Nochi T, Takenouchi T, Uenishi H, Aso H, Takahashi H, Kurata S, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Ligilactobacillus salivarius Strains Isolated From the Porcine Gut Modulate Innate Immune Responses in Epithelial Cells and Improve Protection Against Intestinal Viral-Bacterial Superinfection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652923. [PMID: 34163470 PMCID: PMC8215365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we constructed a library of Ligilactobacillus salivarius strains from the intestine of wakame-fed pigs and reported a strain-dependent capacity to modulate IFN-β expression in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells. In this work, we further characterized the immunomodulatory activities of L. salivarius strains from wakame-fed pigs by evaluating their ability to modulate TLR3- and TLR4-mediated innate immune responses in PIE cells. Two strains with a remarkable immunomodulatory potential were selected: L. salivarius FFIG35 and FFIG58. Both strains improved IFN-β, IFN-λ and antiviral factors expression in PIE cells after TLR3 activation, which correlated with an enhanced resistance to rotavirus infection. Moreover, a model of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)/rotavirus superinfection in PIE cells was developed. Cells were more susceptible to rotavirus infection when the challenge occurred in conjunction with ETEC compared to the virus alone. However, L. salivarius FFIG35 and FFIG58 maintained their ability to enhance IFN-β, IFN-λ and antiviral factors expression in PIE cells, and to reduce rotavirus replication in the context of superinfection. We also demonstrated that FFIG35 and FFIG58 strains regulated the immune response of PIE cells to rotavirus challenge or ETEC/rotavirus superinfection through the modulation of negative regulators of the TLR signaling pathway. In vivo studies performed in mice models confirmed the ability of L. salivarius FFIG58 to beneficially modulate the innate immune response and protect against ETEC infection. The results of this work contribute to the understanding of beneficial lactobacilli interactions with epithelial cells and allow us to hypothesize that the FFIG35 or FFIG58 strains could be used for the development of highly efficient functional feed to improve immune health status and reduce the severity of intestinal infections and superinfections in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Indo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shugo Kitahara
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mikado Tomokiyo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shota Araki
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Binghui Zhou
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Leonardo Albarracin
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Scientific Computing Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, National University of Tucuman, Tucuman, Argentina
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Ayako Miyazaki
- Viral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Division, National Institute of Animal Health, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Wakako Ikeda-Ohtsubo
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takato Takenouchi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirohide Uenishi
- Animal Bioregulation Unit, Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Plant Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Kurata
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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19
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Raheem A, Liang L, Zhang G, Cui S. Modulatory Effects of Probiotics During Pathogenic Infections With Emphasis on Immune Regulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:616713. [PMID: 33897683 PMCID: PMC8060567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.616713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to inhibit pathogenic complications and to enhance animal and poultry growth, antibiotics have been extensively used for many years. Antibiotics applications not only affect target pathogens but also intestinal beneficially microbes, inducing long-lasting changes in intestinal microbiota associated with diseases. The application of antibiotics also has many other side effects like, intestinal barrier dysfunction, antibiotics residues in foodstuffs, nephropathy, allergy, bone marrow toxicity, mutagenicity, reproductive disorders, hepatotoxicity carcinogenicity, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which greatly compromise the efficacy of antibiotics. Thus, the development of new antibiotics is necessary, while the search for antibiotic alternatives continues. Probiotics are considered the ideal antibiotic substitute; in recent years, probiotic research concerning their application during pathogenic infections in humans, aquaculture, poultry, and livestock industry, with emphasis on modulating the immune system of the host, has been attracting considerable interest. Hence, the adverse effects of antibiotics and remedial effects of probiotics during infectious diseases have become central points of focus among researchers. Probiotics are live microorganisms, and when given in adequate quantities, confer good health effects to the host through different mechanisms. Among them, the regulation of host immune response during pathogenic infections is one of the most important mechanisms. A number of studies have investigated different aspects of probiotics. In this review, we mainly summarize recent discoveries and discuss two important aspects: (1) the application of probiotics during pathogenic infections; and (2) their modulatory effects on the immune response of the host during infectious and non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Raheem
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Shangjin Cui
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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20
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Ghanavati R, Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Kakanj M, Talebi M. The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:91-104. [PMID: 33578007 PMCID: PMC7871912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of probiotics on respiratory tract infection (RTI) a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2010 to January 2020 was conducted. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were systematically searched for the following keywords: respiratory tract infection, probiotics, viral infection, COVID-19, and clinical trial. A total of 27 clinical trials conducted on 9433 patients with RTI plus 10 ongoing clinical studies of probiotics intervention in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reviewed. The review looked at the potency of probiotics for the hindrance and/or treatment of RTI diseases, this may also apply to COVID-19. The review found that probiotics could significantly increase the plasma levels of cytokines, the effect of influenza vaccine and quality of life, as well as reducing the titer of viruses and the incidence and duration of respiratory infections. These antiviral and immune-modulating activities and their ability to stimulate interferon production recommend the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to prevent COVID-19. Based on this extensive review of RCTs we suggest that probiotics are a rational complementary treatment for RTI diseases and a viable option to support faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administation, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Bhushan I, Sharma M, Mehta M, Badyal S, Sharma V, Sharma I, Singh H, Sistla S. Bioactive compounds and probiotics-a ray of hope in COVID-19 management. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021; 10:131-140. [PMID: 38620836 PMCID: PMC7982983 DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The use of bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria against the viral diseases in human is known for a long time. Anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of bioactive compounds and bacteria with probiotic properties in respiratory viral diseases may have significance to enhance immunity. This review highlights some of the important bioactive compounds and probiotic bacteria, suggesting them as a ray of hope in the milieu of the COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Bhushan
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mahima Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Malvika Mehta
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shivi Badyal
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Indu Sharma
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Hemender Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Srinivas Sistla
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
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22
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Abstract
Scientists have invested considerable resources in the study of the microbiota of the human body. These microorganisms play pivotal roles in immunity and disease. Of which, probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that keep your intestinal or lung microbiota healthy, and occupy a special role in combating the infections. Thus, it is critical to understand their contributions to these processes. Technology can facilitate advanced studies of the microbiota, including how it develops and its positive and negatives effects on the immune system. This paper investigates how several factors (e.g. birth delivery mode, metabolic activities, types of microorganisms, and immune system interactions) affect the microbiota, particularly in early life. The paper also discusses how gastrointestinal microbes in particular may be associated with certain disease processes, such as those related to schizophrenia, autism, and diabetes. Clinical studies show that certain probiotic strains, like Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis help to prevent infection of pathogenic organisms (both bacterial and viral). This research may yield crucial contributions to disease prevention and public health. The dysbiosis may result in changes in the acquired immunity later on. The probiotic strains can prevent viral replication during SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 infection by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. There has been much interest into the intestinal flora as proposed by the diversity, volume, and proposed role in disease. Future research in the field of microbiome should be done in order to uncover their association to gut virome by noting both their influence on each other and relevant health and disease.
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Bousquet J, Anto JM, Czarlewski W, Haahtela T, Fonseca SC, Iaccarino G, Blain H, Vidal A, Sheikh A, Akdis CA, Zuberbier T, Hamzah Abdul Latiff A, Abdullah B, Aberer W, Abusada N, Adcock I, Afani A, Agache I, Aggelidis X, Agustin J, Akdis M, Al‐Ahmad M, Al‐Zahab Bassam A, Alburdan H, Aldrey‐Palacios O, Alvarez Cuesta E, Alwan Salman H, Alzaabi A, Amade S, Ambrocio G, Angles R, Annesi‐Maesano I, Ansotegui IJ, Anto J, Ara Bardajo P, Arasi S, Arshad H, Cristina Artesani M, Asayag E, Avolio F, Azhari K, Bachert C, Bagnasco D, Baiardini I, Bajrović N, Bakakos P, Bakeyala Mongono S, Balotro‐Torres C, Barba S, Barbara C, Barbosa E, Barreto B, Bartra J, Bateman ED, Battur L, Bedbrook A, Bedolla Barajas M, Beghé B, Bekere A, Bel E, Ben Kheder A, Benson M, Berghea EC, Bergmann K, Bernardini R, Bernstein D, Bewick M, Bialek S, Białoszewski A, Bieber T, Billo NE, Bilo MB, Bindslev‐Jensen C, Bjermer L, Bobolea I, Bochenska Marciniak M, Bond C, Boner A, Bonini M, Bonini S, Bosnic‐Anticevich S, Bosse I, Botskariova S, Bouchard J, Boulet L, Bourret R, Bousquet P, Braido F, Briggs A, Brightling CE, Brozek J, Brussino L, Buhl R, Bumbacea R, Buquicchio R, Burguete Cabañas M, Bush A, Busse WW, Buters J, Caballero‐Fonseca F, Calderon MA, Calvo M, Camargos P, Camuzat T, Canevari F, Cano A, Canonica GW, Capriles‐Hulett A, Caraballo L, Cardona V, Carlsen K, Carmon Pirez J, Caro J, Carr W, Carreiro‐Martins P, Carreon‐Asuncion F, Carriazo A, Casale T, Castor M, Castro E, Caviglia A, Cecchi L, Cepeda Sarabia A, Chandrasekharan R, Chang Y, Chato‐Andeza V, Chatzi L, Chatzidaki C, Chavannes NH, Chaves Loureiro C, Chelninska M, Chen Y, Cheng L, Chinthrajah S, Chivato T, Chkhartishvili E, Christoff G, Chrystyn H, Chu DK, Chua A, Chuchalin A, Chung KF, Cicerán A, Cingi C, Ciprandi G, Cirule I, Coelho AC, Compalati E, Constantinidis J, Correia de Sousa J, Costa EM, Costa D, Costa Domínguez MDC, Coste A, Cottini M, Cox L, Crisci C, Crivellaro MA, Cruz AA, Cullen J, Custovic A, Cvetkovski B, Czarlewski W, D'Amato G, Silva J, Dahl R, Dahlen S, Daniilidis V, DarjaziniNahhas L, Darsow U, Davies J, Blay F, De Feo G, De Guia E, los Santos C, De Manuel Keenoy E, De Vries G, Deleanu D, Demoly P, Denburg J, Devillier P, Didier A, Dimic Janjic S, Dimou M, Dinh‐Xuan AT, Djukanovic R, Do Ceu Texeira M, Dokic D, Dominguez Silva MG, Douagui H, Douladiris N, Doulaptsi M, Dray G, Dubakiene R, Dupas E, Durham S, Duse M, Dykewicz M, Ebo D, Edelbaher N, Eiwegger T, Eklund P, El‐Gamal Y, El‐Sayed ZA, El‐Sayed SS, El‐Seify M, Emuzyte R, Enecilla L, Erhola M, Espinoza H, Espinoza Contreras JG, Farrell J, Fernandez L, Fink Wagner A, Fiocchi A, Fokkens WJ, Lenia F, Fonseca JA, Fontaine J, Forastiere F, Fuentes Pèrez JM, Gaerlan–Resureccion E, Gaga M, Gálvez Romero JL, Gamkrelidze A, Garcia A, García Cobas CY, García Cruz MDLLH, Gayraud J, Gelardi M, Gemicioglu B, Gennimata D, Genova S, Gereda J, Gerth van Wijk R, Giuliano A, Gomez M, González Diaz S, Gotua M, Grigoreas C, Grisle I, Gualteiro L, Guidacci M, Guldemond N, Gutter Z, Guzmán A, Halloum R, Halpin D, Hamelmann E, Hammadi S, Harvey R, Heffler E, Heinrich J, Hejjaoui A, Hellquist‐Dahl B, Hernández Velázquez L, Hew M, Hossny E, Howarth P, Hrubiško M, Huerta Villalobos YR, Humbert M, Salina H, Hyland M, Ibrahim M, Ilina N, Illario M, Incorvaia C, Infantino A, Irani C, Ispayeva Z, Ivancevich J, E.J. Jares E, Jarvis D, Jassem E, Jenko K, Jiméneracruz Uscanga RD, Johnston SL, Joos G, Jošt M, Julge K, Jung K, Just J, Jutel M, Kaidashev I, Kalayci O, Kalyoncu F, Kapsali J, Kardas P, Karjalainen J, Kasala CA, Katotomichelakis M, Kavaliukaite L, Kazi BS, Keil T, Keith P, Khaitov M, Khaltaev N, Kim Y, Kirenga B, Kleine‐Tebbe J, Klimek L, Koffi N’Goran B, Kompoti E, Kopač P, Koppelman G, KorenJeverica A, Koskinen S, Košnik M, Kostov KV, Kowalski ML, Kralimarkova T, Kramer Vrščaj K, Kraxner H, Kreft S, Kritikos V, Kudlay D, Kuitunen M, Kull I, Kuna P, Kupczyk M, Kvedariene V, Kyriakakou M, Lalek N, Landi M, Lane S, Larenas‐Linnemann D, Lau S, Laune D, Lavrut J, Le L, Lenzenhuber M, Lessa M, Levin M, Li J, Lieberman P, Liotta G, Lipworth B, Liu X, Lobo R, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Lombardi C, Louis R, Loukidis S, Lourenço O, Luna Pech JA, Madjar B, Maggi E, Magnan A, Mahboub B, Mair A, Mais Y, Maitland van der Zee A, Makela M, Makris M, Malling H, Mandajieva M, Manning P, Manousakis M, Maragoudakis P, Marseglia G, Marshall G, Reza Masjedi M, Máspero JF, Matta Campos JJ, Maurer M, Mavale‐Manuel S, Meço C, Melén E, Melioli G, Melo‐Gomes E, Meltzer EO, Menditto E, Menzies‐Gow A, Merk H, Michel J, Micheli Y, Miculinic N, Midão L, Mihaltan F, Mikos N, Milanese M, Milenkovic B, Mitsias D, Moalla B, Moda G, Mogica Martínez MD, Mohammad Y, Moin M, Molimard M, Momas I, Mommers M, Monaco A, Montefort S, Mora D, Morais‐Almeida M, Mösges R, Mostafa B, Mullol J, Münter L, Muraro A, Murray R, Musarra A, Mustakov T, Naclerio R, Nadeau KC, Nadif R, Nakonechna A, Namazova‐Baranova L, Navarro‐Locsin G, Neffen H, Nekam K, Neou A, Nettis E, Neuberger D, Nicod L, Nicola S, Niederberger‐Leppin V, Niedoszytko M, Nieto A, Novellino E, Nunes E, Nyembue D, O’Hehir R, Odjakova C, Ohta K, Okamoto Y, Okubo K, Oliver B, Onorato GL, Pia Orru M, Ouédraogo S, Ouoba K, Paggiaro PL, Pagkalos A, Pajno G, Pala G, Palaniappan S, Pali‐Schöll I, Palkonen S, Palmer S, Panaitescu Bunu C, Panzner P, Papadopoulos NG, Papanikolaou V, Papi A, Paralchev B, Paraskevopoulos G, Park H, Passalacqua G, Patella V, Pavord I, Pawankar R, Pedersen S, Peleve S, Pellegino S, Pereira A, Pérez T, Perna A, Peroni D, Pfaar O, Pham‐Thi N, Pigearias B, Pin I, Piskou K, Pitsios C, Plavec D, Poethig D, Pohl W, Poplas Susic A, Popov TA, Portejoie F, Potter P, Poulsen L, Prados‐Torres A, Prarros F, Price D, Prokopakis E, Puggioni F, Puig‐Domenech E, Puy R, Rabe K, Raciborski F, Ramos J, Recto MT, Reda SM, Regateiro FS, Reider N, Reitsma S, Repka‐Ramirez S, Ridolo E, Rimmer J, Rivero Yeverino D, Angelo Rizzo J, Robalo‐Cordeiro C, Roberts G, Roche N, Rodríguez González M, Rodríguez Zagal E, Rolla G, Rolland C, Roller‐Wirnsberger R, Roman Rodriguez M, Romano A, Romantowski J, Rombaux P, Romualdez J, Rosado‐Pinto J, Rosario N, Rosenwasser L, Rossi O, Rottem M, Rouadi P, Rovina N, Rozman Sinur I, Ruiz M, Ruiz Segura LT, Ryan D, Sagara H, Sakai D, Sakurai D, Saleh W, Salimaki J, Samitas K, Samolinski B, Sánchez Coronel MG, Sanchez‐Borges M, Sanchez‐Lopez J, Sarafoleanu C, Sarquis Serpa F, Sastre‐Dominguez J, Savi E, Sawaf B, Scadding GK, Scheire S, Schmid‐Grendelmeier P, Schuhl JF, Schunemann H, Schvalbová M, Schwarze J, Scichilone N, Senna G, Sepúlveda C, Serrano E, Shields M, Shishkov V, Siafakas N, Simeonov A, FER Simons E, Carlos Sisul J, Sitkauskiene B, Skrindo I, SokličKošak T, Solé D, Sooronbaev T, Soto‐Martinez M, Soto‐Quiros M, Sousa Pinto B, Sova M, Soyka M, Specjalski K, Spranger O, Stamataki S, Stefanaki L, Stellato C, Stelmach R, Strandberg T, Stute P, Subramaniam A, Suppli Ulrik C, Sutherland M, Sylvestre S, Syrigou A, Taborda Barata L, Takovska N, Tan R, Tan F, Tan V, Ping Tang I, Taniguchi M, Tannert L, Tantilipikorn P, Tattersall J, Tesi F, Thijs C, Thomas M, To T, Todo‐Bom A, Togias A, Tomazic P, Tomic‐Spiric V, Toppila‐Salmi S, Toskala E, Triggiani M, Triller N, Triller K, Tsiligianni I, Uberti M, Ulmeanu R, Urbancic J, Urrutia Pereira M, Vachova M, Valdés F, Valenta R, Valentin Rostan M, Valero A, Valiulis A, Vallianatou M, Valovirta E, Van Eerd M, Van Ganse E, Hage M, Vandenplas O, Vasankari T, Vassileva D, Velasco Munoz C, Ventura MT, Vera‐Munoz C, Vicheva D, Vichyanond P, Vidgren P, Viegi G, Vogelmeier C, Von Hertzen L, Vontetsianos T, Vourdas D, Tran Thien Quan V, Wagenmann M, Walker S, Wallace D, Wang DY, Waserman S, Wickman M, Williams S, Williams D, Wilson N, Wong G, Woo K, Wright J, Wroczynski P, Xepapadaki P, Yakovliev P, Yamaguchi M, Yan K, Yeow Yap Y, Yawn B, Yiallouros P, Yorgancioglu A, Yoshihara S, Young I, Yusuf OB, Zaidi A, Zaitoun F, Zar H, Zedda M, Zernotti ME, Zhang L, Zhong N, Zidarn M, Zubrinich C. Cabbage and fermented vegetables: From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19. Allergy 2021; 76:735-750. [PMID: 32762135 PMCID: PMC7436771 DOI: 10.1111/all.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large differences in COVID‐19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS‐CoV‐2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS‐CoV‐2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID‐19. The nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT1R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof‐of‐concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2‐associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID‐19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bousquet
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy Center Berlin Germany
- MACVIA‐France and CHU Montpellier France
| | - Josep M. Anto
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL) ISGlobAL Barcelona Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital Helsinki University Hospital University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Susana C. Fonseca
- Faculty of Sciences GreenUPorto ‐ Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre DGAOTUniversity of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences Federico II University Napoli Italy
| | - Hubert Blain
- Department of Geriatrics Montpellier University hospital and MUSE Montpellier France
| | - Alain Vidal
- World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) Geneva Switzerland
- AgroParisTech ‐ Paris Institute of Technology for Life, Food and Environmental Sciences Paris France
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute University of Edinburgh Scotland, UK
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University of Zurich Davos Switzerland
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy Center Berlin Germany
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de Oliveira GLV, Oliveira CNS, Pinzan CF, de Salis LVV, Cardoso CRDB. Microbiota Modulation of the Gut-Lung Axis in COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635471. [PMID: 33717181 PMCID: PMC7945592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and according to the World Health Organization (WHO), to date, SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 91.8 million people worldwide with 1,986,871 deaths. This virus affects mainly the respiratory system, but the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is also a target, meanwhile SARS-CoV-2 was already detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, rectum, and in fecal samples from COVID-19 patients. Prolonged GIT manifestations in COVID-19, mainly the diarrhea, were correlated with decreased richness and diversity of the gut microbiota, immune deregulation and delayed SARS-CoV-2 clearance. So, the bidirectional interactions between the respiratory mucosa and the gut microbiota, known as gut-lung axis, are supposed to be involved in the healthy or pathologic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. In accordance, the intestinal dysbiosis is associated with increased mortality in other respiratory infections, due to an exacerbated inflammation and decreased regulatory or anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs and in the gut, pointing to this important relationship between both mucosal compartments. Therefore, since the mucous membranes from the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are affected, in addition to dysbiosis and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that adjunctive therapies based on the modulation of the gut microbiota and re-establishment of eubiosis conditions could be an important therapeutic approach for constraining the harmful consequences of COVID-19. Then, in this review, we summarized studies showing the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in the gastrointestinal system and the related digestive COVID-19 manifestations, in addition to the literature demonstrating nasopharyngeal, pulmonary and intestinal dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. Lastly, we showed the potential beneficial role of probiotic administration in other respiratory infections, and discuss the possible role of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislane Lelis Vilela de Oliveira
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Camilla Narjara Simão Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Figueiredo Pinzan
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Larissa Vedovato Vilela de Salis
- Microbiology Program, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristina Ribeiro de Barros Cardoso
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Barengolts E, Smith ED. Considerations for Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Patients with Diabetes Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review. Endocr Pract 2021; 26:1186-1195. [PMID: 33471720 PMCID: PMC7836311 DOI: 10.4158/ep-2020-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To review data implicating microbiota influences on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with diabetes. Methods: Primary literature review included topics: “COVID-19,” “SARS,” “MERS,” “gut micro-biota,” “probiotics,” “immune system,” “ACE2,” and “metformin.” Results: Diabetes was prevalent (~11%) among COVID-19 patients and associated with increased mortality (about 3-fold) compared to patients without diabetes. COVID-19 could be associated with worsening diabetes control and new diabetes diagnosis that could be linked to high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors (coronavirus point of entry into the host) in the endocrine pancreas. A pre-existing gut microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) could contribute to COVID-19–related complications in patients with diabetes. The COVID-19 virus was found in fecal samples (~55%), persisted for about 5 weeks, and could be associated with diarrhea, suggesting a role for gut dysbiosis. ACE2 expressed on enterocytes and colonocytes could serve as an alternative route for acquiring COVID-19. Experimental models proposed some probiotics, including Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum, and L. salivarius, as vectors for delivering or enhancing efficacy of anti-coronavirus vaccines. These Lactobacillus probiotics were also beneficial for diabetes. The potential mechanisms for interconnections between coronavirus, diabetes, and gut microbiota could be related to the immune system, ACE2 pathway, and metformin treatment. There were suggestions but no proof supporting probiotics benefits for COVID-19 infection. Conclusion: The data suggested that the host environment including the gut microbiota could play a role for COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. It is a challenge to the scientific community to investigate the beneficial potential of the gut microbiota for strengthening host defense against coronavirus in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Barengolts
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois..
| | - Emily Daviau Smith
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Lopez-Santamarina A, Lamas A, del Carmen Mondragón A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Regal P, Rodriguez-Avila JA, Miranda JM, Franco CM, Cepeda A. Probiotic Effects against Virus Infections: New Weapons for an Old War. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010130. [PMID: 33435315 PMCID: PMC7827890 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aimed to gather the available literature investigating the effects of probiotics against the most common viral infections using in vitro trials in cell lines and in vivo clinical trials in both experimental animals and humans. Probiotics were employed to prevent and reduce symptoms of infections caused by common viruses, especially respiratory tract viruses, but also for viral digestive infections (such as rotavirus, coronavirus, or norovirus) and other viral infections (such as viruses that cause hepatitis, human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, and herpes simplex virus). Different probiotics have been studied to see their possible effect against the abovementioned viruses, among which different Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus can be highlighted. In many cases, mixtures of various probiotic strains were used. Although the results obtained did not show similar results, in most cases, probiotic supplementation improved both barrier and biochemical immune responses, decreased susceptibility to viral infections, and enhanced the effects of concomitant vaccines. Works collected in this review show a beneficial effect of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of different viral infections. We found interesting results related to the prevention of viral infections, reduction of the duration of diseases, and decrease of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroa Lopez-Santamarina
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alicia del Carmen Mondragón
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alejandra Cardelle-Cobas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - José Antonio Rodriguez-Avila
- Área Académica de Química, Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Pachuca 42076, Hidalgo, Mexico;
| | - José Manuel Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos Manuel Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (A.L.-S.); (A.L.); (A.d.C.M.); (A.C.-C.); (P.R.); (C.M.F.); (A.C)
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Sadiq FA. Is it time for microbiome-based therapies in viral infections? Virus Res 2021; 291:198203. [PMID: 33132161 PMCID: PMC7580679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases related to viruses, as well as bacterial pathogens, abound in all parts of the world, burdening health and economy. Thus, there is a dire need to find new prevention and treatment strategies to improve clinical practices related to viral infections. Human gut contains trillions of bacteria which have regulatory roles in immune development, homeostasis, and body metabolism. Today, it is difficult to find any prominent viral infection that hasn't had any link with the human gut microbiota. In this opinion-based review article, I argued the significance of manipulating human gut microbiota as novel therapeutics through probiotics or FMT in alleviating complexities related to viral infections, and pinpointed bottlenecks involved in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, China
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Probiotics in the prophylaxis of COVID-19: something is better than nothing. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:1. [PMID: 33262924 PMCID: PMC7690945 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The new viral pandemic of COVID-19 is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that has brought the world at another unprecedented crisis in terms of health and economy. The lack of specific therapeutics necessitates other strategies to prevent the spread of infection caused by this previously unknown viral etiological agent. Recent pieces of evidence have shown an association between COVID-19 disease and intestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics comprise living microbes that upon oral administration benefit human health by reshaping the composition of gut microbiota. The close kinship of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract suggests why the dysfunction of one may incite illness in others. The emerging studies suggest the capability of probiotics to regulate immune responses in the respiratory system. The efficacy of probiotics has been studied previously on several respiratory tract viral infections. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comprehend existing information on the gut mediated-pulmonary immunity conferred by probiotic bacteria, in the course of respiratory virus infections and administration as a prophylactic measure in COVID-19 pandemic in managing intestinal dysbiosis as well.
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29
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Salaris C, Scarpa M, Elli M, Bertolini A, Guglielmetti S, Pregliasco F, Brun P, Castagliuolo I. Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG enhances the lactoferrin anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in Caco-2 cells. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1961970. [PMID: 34365895 PMCID: PMC8354669 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1961970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which primarily manifests with respiratory distress and may also lead to symptoms associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics are living microorganisms that have been shown to confer immune benefits. In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of three different Lacticaseibacillus probiotic strains, either alone or in combination with lactoferrin, using the intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell line. Our results revealed that the Lacticaseibacillus paracasei DG strain significantly induced the expression of genes involved in protective antiviral immunity and prevented the expression of proinflammatory genes triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, L. paracasei DG significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. L. paracasei DG also positively affected the antiviral immune activity of lactoferrin and significantly augmented its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Overall, our work shows that the probiotic strain L. paracasei DG is a promising candidate that exhibits prophylactic potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Salaris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melania Scarpa
- Laboratory of Advanced Translational Research, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Elli
- AAT-Advanced Analytical Technologies S.r.l., Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Alice Bertolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Guglielmetti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (Defens), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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30
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Nishimoto A, Wohlgemuth N, Rosch J, Schultz-Cherry S, Cortez V, Rowe HM. Transkingdom Interactions Important for the Pathogenesis of Human Viruses. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:S201-S208. [PMID: 33330907 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial, fungal, and helminthic species that comprise the microbiome of the mammalian host have profound effects on health and disease. Pathogenic viruses must contend with the microbiome during infection and likely have evolved to exploit or evade the microbiome. Both direct interactions between the virions and the microbiota and immunomodulation and tissue remodeling caused by the microbiome alter viral pathogenesis in either host- or virus-beneficial ways. Recent insights from in vitro and murine models of viral pathogenesis have highlighted synergistic and antagonistic, direct and indirect interactions between the microbiome and pathogenic viruses. This review will focus on the transkingdom interactions between human gastrointestinal and respiratory viruses and the constituent microbiome of those tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Nishimoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason Rosch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valerie Cortez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hannah M Rowe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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31
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Luo X, Zhou GZ, Zhang Y, Peng LH, Zou LP, Yang YS. Coronaviruses and gastrointestinal diseases. Mil Med Res 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 33054860 PMCID: PMC7556584 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-020-00279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of coronaviruses on the respiratory system are of great concern, but their effects on the digestive system receive much less attention. Coronaviruses that infect mammals have shown gastrointestinal pathogenicity and caused symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting. Available data have shown that human coronaviruses, including the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, mainly infect the respiratory system and cause symptoms such as cough and fever, while they may generate gastrointestinal symptoms. However, there is little about the relation between coronavirus and digestive system. This review specifically addresses the effects of mammalian and human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, on the digestive tract, helping to cope with the new virus infection-induced disease, COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Guan-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Hua Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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32
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Ferreira C, Viana SD, Reis F. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis-Immune Hyperresponse-Inflammation Triad in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact of Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Approaches. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1514. [PMID: 33019592 PMCID: PMC7601735 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Patients present a complex clinical picture that, in severe cases, evolves to respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, and neurological complications, and eventually death. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and multifactorial and have been summarized as a hyperresponse of the immune system that originates an inflammatory/cytokine storm. In elderly patients, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiovascular, metabolic, renal, and pulmonary disorders, the disease is particularly severe, causing prolonged hospitalization at intensive care units (ICU) and an increased mortality rate. Curiously, the same populations have been described as more prone to a gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis profile. Intestinal microflora plays a major role in many metabolic and immune functions of the host, including to educate and strengthen the immune system to fight infections, namely of viral origin. Notably, recent studies suggest the existence of GM dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients. This review article highlights the interplay between the triad GM dysbiosis-immune hyperresponse-inflammation in the individual resilience/fragility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and presents the putative impact of pharmacological and nutraceutical approaches on the triumvirate, with focus on GM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
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33
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Villena J, Kitazawa H. The Modulation of Mucosal Antiviral Immunity by Immunobiotics: Could They Offer Any Benefit in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic? Front Physiol 2020; 11:699. [PMID: 32670091 PMCID: PMC7326040 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections are of major importance because of their capacity to cause of a high degree of morbidity and mortality in high-risk populations, and to rapidly spread between countries. Perhaps the best example of this global threat is the infectious disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has infected more than 4 million people worldwide, causing the death of 287,000 persons according to the WHO's situation report on May 13, 2020. The availability of therapeutic tools that would be used massively to prevent or mitigate the detrimental effects of emerging respiratory viruses on human health is therefore mandatory. In this regard, research from the last decade has reported the impact of the intestinal microbiota on the respiratory immunity. It was conclusively demonstrated how the variations in the intestinal microbiota affect the responses of respiratory epithelial cells and antigen presenting cells against respiratory virus attack. Moreover, the selection of specific microbial strains (immunobiotics) with the ability to modulate immunity in distal mucosal sites made possible the generation of nutritional interventions to strengthen respiratory antiviral defenses. In this article, the most important characteristics of the limited information available regarding the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus are revised briefly. In addition, this review summarizes the knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the improvement of respiratory antiviral defenses by beneficial immunobiotic microorganisms such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505. The ability of beneficial microorganisms to enhance type I interferons and antiviral factors in the respiratory tract, stimulate Th1 response and antibodies production, and regulate inflammation and coagulation activation during the course of viral infections reducing tissue damage and preserving lung functionally, clearly indicate the potential of immunobiotics to favorably influence the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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35
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Baud D, Dimopoulou Agri V, Gibson GR, Reid G, Giannoni E. Using Probiotics to Flatten the Curve of Coronavirus Disease COVID-2019 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:186. [PMID: 32574290 PMCID: PMC7227397 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Baud
- Materno-Fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varvara Dimopoulou Agri
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, St Joseph's Hospital, The University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Reid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada,Canadian R&D Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Eric Giannoni
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36
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Li M, Wang Y, Cui H, Li Y, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Wild Boar as Potential Probiotics. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:49. [PMID: 32118070 PMCID: PMC7026679 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major microorganisms used for probiotic purposes and prime parts of the human and mammalian gut microbiota, which exert important health-promoting effects on the host. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the probiotic potential and safety of LAB strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of a wild boar from the Greater Khingan Mountains, China. Amongst all of the isolated LAB strains, five isolates identified as Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus salivarius, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus durans, and Enterococcus faecium, were remarkably resistant to acid and bile salt. The probiotic characteristics (including adhesion capability, antimicrobial activities, autoaggregation, and coaggregation abilities), and safety properties (including hemolytic activity, antibiotic resistance, absence/presence of virulence factors, and in vivo safety) were evaluated. The results showed that all five isolates exhibited high adhesive potential, remarkable aggregation capacity, and antibacterial activities. Upon assessment of the safety, these strains were negative for hemolytic activity and all tested virulence genes. In vivo safety assessment showed no adverse effects of isolated strains supplementation on the body weight gain and organ indices of the treated mice. This study revealed that these LAB isolates, especially L. salivarius M2-71, possess desirable probiotic properties and have great potentials for the development of feed additives for animals to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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37
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Sirichokchatchawan W, Temeeyasen G, Nilubol D, Prapasarakul N. Protective Effects of Cell-Free Supernatant and Live Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Thai Pigs Against a Pandemic Strain of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:383-390. [PMID: 28434154 PMCID: PMC7091344 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9281-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a coronavirus which causes severe diarrhea and fatal dehydration in piglets. In general, probiotic supplements could enhance recovery and protect piglets against enteric pathogens. Seven local lactic acid bacteria (LAB), (Ent. faecium 79N and 40N, Lact. plantarum 22F, 25F and 31F, Ped. acidilactici 72N and Ped. pentosaceus 77F) from pig feces were well-characterized as high potential probiotics. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) and live LAB were evaluated for antiviral activities by co-incubation on Vero cells and challenged with a pandemic strain of PEDV isolated from pigs in Thailand. Cell survival and viral inhibition were determined by cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay and confirmed by immunofluorescence. At 1:16, CFS dilution (pH 6.3–6.8) showed no cytotoxicity in Vero cells and was therefore used as the dilution for antiviral assays. The diluted CFS of all Lact. plantarum showed the antiviral effect against PEDV; however, the same antiviral effect could not be observed in Ent. faecium and Pediococcus strains. In competitive experiment, only live Lact. plantarum 25F and Ped. pentosaceus 77F showed CPE reduction in the viral infected cells to <50% observed field area. This study concluded that the CFS of all tested lactobacilli, and live Lact. plantarum (22F and 25F) and Pediococcus strains 72N and 77F could reduce infectivity of the pandemic strain of PEDV from pigs in Thailand on the target Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Sirichokchatchawan
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Gun Temeeyasen
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Abstract
During pathogenesis, viruses come in contact with the microbiota that colonizes the mucosal sites they infect. The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a critical factor in intestinal viral susceptibility. While the interaction of virus-intestinal commensal bacteria can lead to enhanced or decreased viral infection capacity, several scientific studies support the use of probiotics as antiviral therapies. Thus, probiotics and the modulation of the intestinal microbiota are envisaged as therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of viral infection.
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39
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Wang Z, Chai W, Burwinkel M, Twardziok S, Wrede P, Palissa C, Esch B, Schmidt MFG. Inhibitory influence of Enterococcus faecium on the propagation of swine influenza A virus in vitro. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53043. [PMID: 23308134 PMCID: PMC3538747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of infectious diseases such as swine influenza viruses (SwIV) plays an important role in food production both from the animal health and from the public health point of view. Probiotic microorganisms and other health improving food supplements have been given increasing attention in recent years, but, no information on the effects of probiotics on swine influenza virus is available. Here we address this question by assessing the inhibitory potential of the probiotic Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 (E. faecium) on the replication of two porcine strains of influenza virus (H1N1 and H3N2 strain) in a continuous porcine macrophage cell line (3D4/21) and in MDBK cells. Cell cultures were treated with E. faecium at the non-toxic concentration of 1×106 CFU/ml in growth medium for 60 to 90 min before, during and after SwIV infection. After further incubation of cultures in probiotic-free growth medium, cell viability and virus propagation were determined at 48 h or 96 h post infection. The results obtained reveal an almost complete recovery of viability of SwIV infected cells and an inhibition of virus multiplication by up to four log units in the E. faecium treated cells. In both 3D4/21- and MDBK-cells a 60 min treatment with E. faecium stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release which is in line with published evidence for an antiviral function of NO. Furthermore, E. faecium caused a modified cellular expression of selected mediators of defence in 3D4-cells: while the expression of TNF-α, TLR-3 and IL-6 were decreased in the SwIV-infected and probiotic treated cells, IL-10 was found to be increased. Since we obtained experimental evidence for the direct adsorptive trapping of SwIV through E. faecium, this probiotic microorganism inhibits influenza viruses by at least two mechanisms, direct physical interaction and strengthening of innate defence at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Weidong Chai
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sven Twardziok
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Wrede
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Esch
- Institute of Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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40
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Di-qiu L, Xin-yuan Q, Jun-wei G, Li-jie T, Yan-ping J, Yi-jing L. Construction and characterization of Lactobacillus pentosus expressing the D antigenic site of the spike protein of Transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Can J Microbiol 2011; 57:392-7. [DOI: 10.1139/w11-027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of Lactobacillus pentosus as a live vehicle to deliver and express antigen. First of all, L. pentosus transformed by electroporation with the plasmids pg611-6D (anchored) and pg612-6D (secretory) based on the xylose operon generated the recombinant strains rLppg611-6D and rLppg612-6D, respectively, expressing the D antigenic site of the spike (S) protein of Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), for intragastric administration in mice. Secondly, we collected serum, fecal, nasal, ophthalmic, and vaginal samples from pre-immune mice and after the first immunization (on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42) that were used to analyze the levels of immunoglobulins G and A against TGEV by using ELISA. In addition, a plaque reduction assay was performed using sera from groups pg611, pg612-6D, pg11-6D, and phosphate-buffered saline (blank control) to analyze TGEV-neutralizing antibody activity in vitro. A statistically significant difference in serum tests between groups demonstrated that rLppg612-6D induced better immunogenicity than rLppg611-6D, making rLppg612-6D the better candidate for oral vaccine. Taken together, L. pentosus possessed the potential to become a novel vector for mucosal vaccine in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Di-qiu
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xin-yuan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Jun-wei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Tang Li-jie
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yan-ping
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Yi-jing
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin 150030, the People’s Republic of China
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