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Zhang H, Sun H, Zhao R, Tian Y, Meng Y. High resolution spatiotemporal modeling of long term anthropogenic nutrient discharge in China. Sci Data 2024; 11:283. [PMID: 38461162 PMCID: PMC10925032 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
High-resolution integration of large-scale and long-term anthropogenic nutrient discharge data is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal evolution of pollution and identifying intervention points for pollution mitigation. Here, we establish the MEANS-ST1.0 dataset, which has a high spatiotemporal resolution and encompasses anthropogenic nutrient discharge data collected in China from 1980 to 2020. The dataset includes five components, namely, urban residential, rural residential, industrial, crop farming, and livestock farming, with a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of monthly. The data are available in three formats, namely, GeoTIFF, NetCDF and Excel, catering to GIS users, researchers and policymakers in various application scenarios, such as visualization and modelling. Additionally, rigorous quality control was performed on the dataset, and its reliability was confirmed through cross-scale validation and literature comparisons at the national and regional levels. These data offer valuable insights for further modelling the interactions between humans and the environment and the construction of a digital Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Huihang Sun
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ruikun Zhao
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yiming Meng
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Shan G, Li W, Liu J, Tan W, Bao S, Wang S, Zhu L, Hu X, Xi B. Macrogenomic analysis of the effects of aqueous-phase from hydrothermal carbonation of sewage sludge on nitrogen metabolism pathways and associated bacterial communities during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 389:129811. [PMID: 37776912 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of aqueous phases (AP) formed from hydrothermal carbonation of sewage sludge (with or without rice husk) as moisture regulators of nitrogen metabolism pathways during composting are currently unclear. Macrogenomic analyses revealed that both APs resulted in notably changes in bacterial communities during composting; increased levels of nitrogen assimilation, nitrification, and denitrification metabolic pathways; and decreased levels of nitrogen mineralization metabolic pathways. Genes associated with nitrogen assimilation and mineralization accounted for 34-41% and 32-40% of the annotated reads related to nitrogen cycling during composting, respectively, representing them as the most abundant nitrogen metabolism processes. The gudB and norB were identified as key genes for nitrogen mineralization and nitrous oxide emission, respectively. This research offers a better understanding of the effects of additional nitrogen sources on nitrogen metabolism pathways during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchun Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Shanshan Bao
- Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin, Ministry of Water Resources, Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Shuncai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xinhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Yi S, Zuo W, Xu L, Wang Y, Gu C, Shan Y, Bai Y. Accumulation and migration of microplastics and its influencing factors in coastal saline-alkali soils amended with sewage sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115597. [PMID: 37866037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saline-alkali soil can be transformed to agricultural soil with sewage sludge amendment. However, sewage sludge contains a large number of microplastics (MPs), and the fate of MPs in sludge-treated saline-alkali soil needs to be studied. Therefore, we investigated the accumulation and migration of MPs, and their influencing factors in saline-alkali soil after one-time sewage sludge application (0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 t ha-1 SSA). The results indicated that sewage sludge input contributed to MP accumulation in soil, and the MP abundance in 20-40 cm soil was significantly lower than that in 0-20 cm soil. Fragments and fibers were the most abundant MPs in soil, and the proportions of fragments and 50-200 µm MPs in 20-40 cm soil were lower than those in 0-20 cm soil, while the < 50 µm MP proportion was higher than that in 0-20 cm soil. Correlation analysis showed that MP accumulation rate (0-40 cm) and migration rate (20-40 cm) were negatively correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) content and SSA, but positively correlated with soil pH. Stepwise regression analysis further showed that SOM and SSA were the main factors affecting MP accumulation rate, which explained 47.7% and 46% of its variation, respectively, while pH was the crucial factor affecting the migration rate of MPs, followed by EC and SSA. In conclusion, SSA caused MP accumulation in saline-alkali soil, and SSA primarily affected the MP abundance, while soil OM, pH and EC directly affected MP migration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Wengang Zuo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Lu Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Yimin Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China
| | - Chuanhui Gu
- Environmental Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan 215316, PR China
| | - Yuhua Shan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Soil Improvement and Utilization (Coastal Saline-Alkali Lands), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Aihemaiti A, Liang S, Cai Y, Li R, Yan F, Zhang Z. Effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorous in sewage sludge biochar and its releasing mechanisms in heavy metal contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106214-106226. [PMID: 37726629 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Modifications of sludge biochar with metal-based materials can enhance its fertilizing efficiency and improve safety. To elucidate the effects of ferrous sulfate modification on the fate of phosphorus in sludge biochar and its effect on phosphorus fractionation in soil, we investigated the changes in fractionation and bioavailability of phosphorus in modified sludge biochar and studied the changes in soil characteristics, microbial diversity and response, bioavailability, plant uptake of phosphorus, and heavy metals in contaminated soils after treatment with ferrous sulfate modified sludge biochar. The results demonstrated that ferrous sulfate modifications were conducive to the formation of moderately labile phosphorus in sludge biochar, and the concentrations increased by a factor of 2.7 compared to control. The application of ferrous sulfate-modified sludge biochar to alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soils enhanced the bioavailable, labile, and moderately labile phosphorus contents by a factor of 2.9, 3.0, and 1.6, respectively, whereas it obviously reduced the leachability and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, exhibited great potentials in the fertilization and remediation of actual heavy metal-contaminated soils in mining areas. The biochar-induced reduction in soil pH, enhancement of organic matter, surface oxygen-containing functional groups, the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria, and its phosphonate degradation activity were primarily responsible for the solubilization of phosphorus from modified biochar in heavy metal-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikelaimu Aihemaiti
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, and Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Special Environments, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Shuoyang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
- The Key Laboratory of Municipal Solid Waste Recycling Technology and Management of Shenzhen City, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Shan S, Liang H, Li B, Li D, Huang Y. Effects of different modifying agents on the preparation and properties of coagulants derived from excess sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99762-99773. [PMID: 37615910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The contents and kinds of oxygen-containing functional groups are very significant when preparing cationic hydrochar coagulants via graft copolymerization. Herein, the hydrothermal conditions to produce sludge-based hydrochar (SBC) precursors were optimized by introducing different kinds and amounts of modifying agents (i.e., HCOOH, citric acid (CA), H2SO4, and H2O2), then the surface properties and flocculation performance of derived cationic coagulants (SBC-g-DMC) were studied. Results showed that the utilization of four modifiers raised the acidic groups on the SBC surface; thereinto, the presence of CA could evidently increase the content of phenolic hydroxyl groups. After DMC monomer grafting, the formed coagulants possess positive zeta potentials over a wide pH range (i.e., 3.0 ~ 11.0), showing a typical cationic property. The grafting ratio and efficiency, as well as the cationic degree of coagulants prepared with different SBC precursors follow a descending order of SBCCA-g-DMC > [Formula: see text]-g-DMC > SBCHCOOH-g-DMC > [Formula: see text]-g-DMC; thus, SBCCA-g-DMC coagulant with the best grafting result shows a superior flocculation performance. When a dosage of 4 mg/L was adopted, the average turbidity removal rate of SBCCA-g-DMC could reach up to 94.44%. Meanwhile, due to the possible and robust oxidation with the initiator, H2O2 seems not a perfect modifier for SBC preparation. This study could provide an essential reference for the optimal synthesis of SBC and its based coagulants for organic matter recovery and pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Sujie Shan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Boling Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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Giwa AS, Maurice NJ, Luoyan A, Liu X, Yunlong Y, Hong Z. Advances in sewage sludge application and treatment: Process integration of plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion with the resource recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19765. [PMID: 37809742 PMCID: PMC10559074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental issue due to its high organic content and ability to release hazardous substances. Most of the treatments available are biological, thermal hydrolysis, mechanical (ultrasound, high pressure, and lysis), chemical with oxidation (mainly ozonation), and alkali pre-treatments. Other treatment methods include landfill, wet oxidation, composting, drying, stabilization, incineration, pyrolysis, carbonization, liquefaction, gasification, and torrefaction. Some of these SS disposal methods damage the ecosystem and underutilize the potential resource value of SS. These challenges must be overcome with an innovative technique for the improvement of SS's nutritional value, energy content, and usability. This review proposes plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion (AD) as promising SS treatment technologies. Plasma pyrolysis pre-treats SS to make it digestible by AD bacteria and immobilizes the heavy metals. The addition of Char to the upstream AD process increases the quantity and quality of biogas produced while enhancing the nutrients in the digestate. These two processes are integrated at high temperatures, thus creating concerns about their energy demand. These challenges are offset by the generated energy that can run the treatment plant or be sold to the grid, generating additional cash. Plasma pyrolysis wastes can also be converted into biochar, organic fertilizer, or soil conditioner. These combined technologies' financial sustainability depends on the treatment facility's circumstances and location. Plasma pyrolysis and AD can treat SS sustainably and provide nutrients and resources. This paper explains the co-process treatment route's techno-economic prospects, challenges, and recommendations for the future application of SS valorization and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | | | - Ai Luoyan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Yang Yunlong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Zhao Hong
- Jiangxi Transportation Institute Company Limited, China
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Liu J, Jiang L, Zhang X, Fu B, He Z, Chen M, Zeng S, Zhao Q. Sewage sludge application stimulated soil N 2O emissions with a low heavy metal pollution risk in Eucalyptus plantations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117933. [PMID: 37080099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) has been extensively used as an alternative fertilizer in forest plantations, which are beneficial in supplying timbers and mitigating climate change. However, whether the extra nitrogen (N) applied by SS would enhance the soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, an important greenhouse gas, in forest plantations have not been well understood. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ecological effects of SS application on soils, by investigating the soil N2O emission and the toxicity of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil. A field fertilization experiment was conducted in Eucalyptus plantations with four fertilization rates (0 kg m-2, 1.5 kg m-2, 3.0 kg m-2, and 4.5 kg m-2). The soil N2O emissions were monitored at a soil depth of 0-10 cm using static chamber method, soil chemical properties, and PTEs were determined at soil depths of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm. The average soil N2O emission rate was 8.1 μg N2O-N h-1 m-2 in plots without SS application (control). The application of SS significantly increased the soil N2O emissions by 7-10 times as to control. The increased N2O emissions were positively related to the soil total phosphorus and nitrogen and negatively correlated with copper and zinc, which increased with the SS application. However, the potential ecological risk index (Ei) and the comprehensive potential ecological risk index (RI) of PTEs were lower than 40 and 150 respectively, which indicating a low toxicity of PTEs to soil health. After seven months of SS application, the priming effects of SS on soil N2O emissions gradually diminished. These findings suggest that the application of SS may increase N2O emissions at the initial stages of application (<7 months) and may have a low PTEs pollution risk, even at a high SS addition rate (4.5 kg m-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Liu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linfang Jiang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Bangxia Fu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziqing He
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingzhu Chen
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shucai Zeng
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Gai A, Li Y, Zhan F, Zhang J, Li R. Preparation of Activated Boron Nitride and Its Adsorption Characteristics for Zn, Cu, and Cd in Flue Gas. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27612-27620. [PMID: 37546616 PMCID: PMC10399184 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Developing non-carbon-based adsorbents is essential for removing heavy metals from post-incineration flue gas. In this study, a new high-temperature-resistant adsorbent-activated boron nitride (BN) was prepared using precursors combined with a high-temperature activation method. The adsorption characteristics of BN for Zn, Cu, and Cd in simulated flue gas and sludge incineration flue gas were investigated using gas-phase heavy metal adsorption experiments. The results showed that BN prepared at 1350 °C for 4 h had defect structures, abundant pores, functional groups, and a high specific surface area of 658 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of BN in simulated flue gases decreases with increasing adsorption temperature, whereas it is always higher than that of activated carbon (AC). The total adsorption capacities for Zn, Cu, and Cd were the highest at 50 °C with 48.3 mg/g. BN had strong adsorption selectivity for Zn, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.45 mg/g, and its adsorption process occurred mainly on the surface. Cu and Cd inhibited Zn adsorption, leading to a decrease in the Zn adsorption capacity. In sludge incineration flue gas, BN can quickly reach adsorption equilibrium. The BN had a synergistic disposal capacity for heavy metals and fine particulate matter. The maximum adsorption capacity was reduced compared to the simulated flue gas adsorption capacity, which was 5.1 mg/g. However, BN still exhibited a strong adsorption selectivity for Zn, and its adsorption capacity was always greater than that of AC. The rich functional groups and high specific surface area enable BN to physically and chemically double-adsorb heavy metals.
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Wang J, Xu S, Zhao K, Song G, Zhao S, Liu R. Risk control of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) during sewage sludge treatment and disposal: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162772. [PMID: 36933744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge is an important reservoir of antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and the reclamation of sewage sludge potentially threats human health and environmental safety. Sludge treatment and disposal are expected to control these risks, and this review summarizes the fate and controlling efficiency of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB in sludge involved in different processes, i.e., disintegration, anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting, drying, pyrolysis, constructed wetland, and land application. Additionally, the analysis and characterization methods of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB in complicate sludge are reviewed, and the quantitative risk assessment approaches involved in land application are comprehensively discussed. This review benefits process optimization of sludge treatment and disposal, with regard to environmental risks control of antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB in sludge. Furthermore, current research limitations and gaps, e.g., the antibiotic resistance risk assessment in sludge-amended soil, are proposed to advance the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Yangze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ge Song
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunan Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhou X, Yang J, Zhao X, Dong Q, Wang X, Wei L, Yang SS, Sun H, Ren NQ, Bai S. Towards the carbon neutrality of sludge treatment and disposal in China: A nationwide analysis based on life cycle assessment and scenario discovery. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107927. [PMID: 37080039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the carbon neutrality target, strategic planning for a low-carbon transition of sludge treatment and disposal in China is challenging due to the unpredictability of technical, regional, socioeconomic, and political factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study combines the use of a Life Cycle Assessment and the Patient Rule Induction Method, accounting for possibilities that could achieve net-zero carbon emissions by exploring multiple plausible future profiles of sludge treatment and disposal. Results show that reducing sludge landfill and increasing anaerobic digestion are effective methods to facilitate GHG reduction. Achieving carbon neutrality is closely linked to developing a cleaner electricity mix. Based on a cascaded scenario analysis considering regional differences for 31 Chinese provinces, results demonstrated a maximum cumulative reduction potential of 371 Mt CO2 equivalents from 2020 to 2050, equal to 59.84% of the business-as-usual scenario. Together with GHG reductions, terrestrial acidification and ecotoxicity as well as freshwater ecotoxicity are synergistically reduced. However, the shifting environmental burden results in freshwater eutrophication, human toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, marine eutrophication, and photochemical oxidant formation. This study presents a novel method for systematically identifying possible future development paths toward carbon neutrality. The findings may support policy designs for achieving target carbon reduction effects for sludge disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Jixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhao
- College of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiyu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Xiuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Huihang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin, China.
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11
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Deng Y, Xu J. A bi-level optimized approach for promoting the mixed treatment of municipal sludge and food waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:41120-41141. [PMID: 36631617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mixed treatment of municipal sludge and food waste can generate renewable energy, solve the environmental and economic challenges caused by this waste, and has attracted significant research attention. Using environmentally friendly anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sludge and food waste can improve the effects of anaerobic mono-digestion and produce more biogas. However, as the municipal sludge and food waste managers are different, balancing the interests of both managers is needed to encourage anaerobic co-digestion development. By fully considering the interests of the local authority, the waste water treatment plants, and the food waste anaerobic digestion treatment plants, this paper developed a bi-level optimization approach based on Stackelberg equilibrium theory to resolve the conflicts between the different stakeholders, in which uncertain parameters were used to describe the uncertainties. The proposed model was then applied to a real case in Chongqing, China, to test its practicality, and scenario analyses under different policy parameter values were conducted to provide guidance for local authorities, waste water treatment plants, and food waste treatment plants. The proposed approach was found to provide balanced strategies for all three stakeholders, increase the renewable energy output of municipal sludge and food waste treatment 14.2 times, and reduce carbon emissions by 50%, thereby protecting the environment and achieving a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Deng
- Business School, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Business School, Sichuan University, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610064, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Duan Z, Lu W, Mustafa MF, Du J, Wen Y. Odorous gas emissions from sewage sludge composting windrows affected by the turning operation and associated health risks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:155996. [PMID: 35588837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge (SL) has long been a challenging task in China. Open windrow composting, coupled with mechanical turning, is preferred in small cities and rural areas, due to low costs and ease of operation. However, the emission of odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from open composting windrows, as well as related health risks, has aroused strong protests from surrounding populations. This study investigated VOC emissions (including hydrogen sulphide) from five open SL composting windrows at a single site, before, during and after turning operations, and across different seasons. As expected, the highest VOC concentration (6676 μg m-3) was measured while turning the windrows, whilst an additional emission peak was observed at all windrows at different times after turning, which was determined by the raw material mixing ratio (SL: woodchips), as well as ambient and windrow temperatures. In general, higher VOCs emissions and odour concentrations were measured in summer, and odour pollution was mainly caused by sulphur and oxygenated compounds, due to their high odour activity values (OAVs). Methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl sulphide, diethyl sulphide, acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were identified as the odour pollution indicators for the composting facility. The results from a health risk assessment showed that acetaldehyde was the most hazardous compound, with both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks exceeding acceptable levels. The carcinogenic risks of benzene and naphthalene were also above acceptable levels; however, their risks were insignificant at the studied site due to the low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhan Duan
- South China Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 510655, Guangdong, PR China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, PR China
| | - Muhammad Farooq Mustafa
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 10084 Beijing, PR China; Department of Environmental Design, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jianwei Du
- South China Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 510655, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yong Wen
- South China Institute of Environmental Science (SCIES), Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE), 510655, Guangdong, PR China
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13
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Evolution and Prospects in Managing Sewage Sludge Resulting from Municipal Wastewater Purification. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15155633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge is the residual material produced as a waste of municipal wastewater purification. It is a sophisticated multi-component material, hard to handle. For many years, it has been landfilled, incinerated, and widely used in agriculture practice. When unproperly discharged, it is very polluting and unhealthy. The rapidly increasing global amount of municipal sewage sludge produced annually depends on urbanization, degree of development, and lifestyle. Some diffused traditional practices were banned or became economically unfeasible or unacceptable by the communities. In contrast, it has been established that MSS contains valuable resources, which can be utilized as energy and fertilizer. The objective of the review was to prove that resource recovery is beneficially affordable using modern approaches and proper technologies and to estimate the required resources and time. The open sources of information were deeply mined, critically examined, and selected to derive the necessary information regarding each network segment, from the source to the final point, where the municipal sewage sludge is produced and disposed of. We found that developed and some developing countries are involved with ambitious and costly plans for remediation, the modernization of regulations, collecting and purification systems, and beneficial waste management using a modern approach. We also found that the activated sludge process is the leading technology for wastewater purification, and anaerobic digestion is the leading technology for downstream waste. However, biological technologies appear inadequate and hydrothermal carbonization, already applicable at full scale, is the best candidate for playing a significant role in managing municipal sewage sludge produced by big towns and small villages.
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14
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The Influence of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Technologies on the Biological Stabilization of Sewage Sludge: A Systematic Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14105910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various wastewater treatment technologies are available today and biological processes are predominantly used in these technologies. Increasing wastewater treatment systems produces large amounts of sewage sludge with variable quantities and qualities, which must be properly managed. Anaerobic and aerobic digestion and composting are major strategies to treat this sludge. The main indicators of biological stabilization are volatile fatty acids (VFAs), volatile solids (VS), the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, humic substances (HS), the total organic carbon (TOC), the carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution rate, the specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR), and the Dewar test; however, different criteria exist for the same indicators. Although there is no consensus for defining the stability of sewage sludge (biosolids) in the research and regulations reviewed, controlling the biological degradation, vector attraction, and odor determines the biological stabilization of sewage sludge. Because pollutants and pathogens are not completely removed in biological stabilization processes, further treatments to improve the quality of biosolids and to ensure their safe use should be explored.
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15
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The Utilization of Recycled Sewage Sludge Ash as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Mortar: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14084432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The output of sewage sludge has been increasing in recent years in China. Traditional treatment methods, such as incineration and landfilling, cannot meet the requirement of sustainability in various industries. As one of the efficient recycling methods for sewage sludge, previous studies have proven that sewage sludge ash (SSA) can be used as a supplementary cementitious material to partly replace cement in mortar or concrete. To understand the performance of SSA comprehensively, which contributes to its better utilization, this study reviews the basic properties of SSA and the effect of SSA on the performance of mortar. Firstly, the basic properties of SSA, such as chemical composition, heavy metal content, activity, and microstructure, are investigated. Then, the effects of SSA on the workability, setting time, and mechanical properties of mortar are reviewed. The results show that the particle size distribution of SSA is in the range of 2.5–250 μm. SSA contains active oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO, which are similar to fly ash, indicating that SSA has potential pozzolanic properties. The leaching concentration of SSA is much lower than the required values in the relevant specifications, leading to an allowable environment influence. The incorporation of SSA has a negative impact on the workability, setting time, water absorption, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the mortar. The 90-day compressive strength of the SSA mortar is 71.72–98.6% of the cement mortar, when the replacement ratio of SSA is in the range of 10–30%. However, performance can be improved by increasing the grinding time or adding an admixture. The drying shrinkage and capillary water absorption of SSA mortar are higher than those of normal mortar, which is mainly related to an increase of porosity. In conclusion, it is proven that SSA can be used to partly replace cement in mortar with appropriate properties. Source and production process have a great influence on the basic properties of SSA, leading to varied, even opposite, effects on the mechanical properties and durability of mortar. In the future, the selected raw materials and a standard preparation method should be proposed for promoting the application of SSA.
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16
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Xue S, Ding W, Li L, Ma J, Chai F, Liu J. Emission, dispersion, and potential risk of volatile organic and odorous compounds in the exhaust gas from two sludge thermal drying processes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:116-124. [PMID: 34875454 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emissions of odorous and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated between two sludge drying methods. A total of 37 chemical compounds were identified and quantified from the off-gases from sludge drying by indirect drying method. The total number of VOCs detected ranged from 3.45 × 10-3 to 4.53 mg/m3, which includes benzene series, volatile organic sulfur, and nitrogenous organic compounds. High emissions were found in the exhaust gas released from drying workshop that used direct drying method. Sulfur dioxide, aromatics, and chlorinated compounds were dominant. Based on the olfactory effect analysis and cancer risk assessment, the main odor-causing gaseous pollutants were methyl mercaptan and methyl sulfide (for indirect sludge drying process) and SO2 (for direct sludge drying process), while the dominant carcinogens were benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and methylene. This study provides new insights into the emission characteristics, olfactory effects, and cancer risks of VOCs and odorous compounds in the exhaust gas from thermal sludge drying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ding
- Powerchina Road Bridge Group Co., Ltd., 16-18th Floor, Block B, Haifu International, No. 22, Chegongzhuang West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China.
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengguang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Effect of Magnesium Additives on Phosphorous Recovery during Sewage Sludge Combustion and Further Improvement of Bioavailable Phosphorous. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS), a solid waste taking up a large amount of public resources, contains abundant phosphorous and urgently needs appropriate recovery, but incineration, the existing popular SS treatment method, fails to reuse phosphorous as a feasible product due to the poor phosphorous bioavailability of SS ash. Based on the mono-combustion of SS, magnesian minerals comprising of magnesium oxide were doped with SS to carry out the behavior of magnesium in phosphorous capture and its sensitivity to subsequent thermochemical modification. Five percent MgO improved phosphorous capture, and its effectiveness was disturbed by sulfur at 900 °C. The more H2O that was pumped into the atmosphere, the more phosphorous was captured by 5% MgO. The capacity of MgO in phosphorous capture was inferior to that of CaO. The utilization efficiency of MgO for phosphorous capture was inferior to that of CaO. A total of 7.2% MgO succeeded in recovering 97.46% phosphorous with 5% H2O at 900 °C. A total of 15.06% hydromagnesite merely promoted 1.85% and 5.13% of the phosphorous relative enrichment factor (RE) in SS ashes without or with 5% H2O, respectively, whereas it recovered 90.21% phosphorous with 10% H2O, supposing a potentiality in phosphorous capture for the direct combustion of wet SS. However, having been improved by magnesium, the bioavailability of phosphorous in SS ash remained extremely limited. Thus, thermal modification by K2CO3 was applied, where the limited bioavailability of phosphorous in the SS ashes was remarkably alleviated; although, SiO2 and sulfate were the main disturbers and led to the production of K2MgSiO4 and K2Mg2(SO4)3. The effective constituents were KMgPO4 and K3CaH(PO4)2 in the final mixed fertilizer. The obtained mixed fertilizer might be suitable for application on acidic soils.
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18
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Luo H, Cheng F, Yu B, Hu L, Zhang J, Qu X, Yang H, Luo Z. Full-scale municipal sludge pyrolysis in China: Design fundamentals, environmental and economic assessments, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 795:148832. [PMID: 34247075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The increasing amount of municipal sludge in China requires safe and effective management to protect human health and ensure environmental sustainability. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process that decomposes organic matter at elevated temperature and under anaerobic conditions, and it has attracted an increasing attention in sludge treatment in the recent years. However, comprehensive environmental and economic assessment of sludge pyrolysis in China's context is rare, due to the small quantities of full-scale sludge pyrolysis plant. In this paper, we applied our design and operation parameters of full-scale sludge pyrolysis plants to generate the material and energy consumptions of the pyrolysis system under various of conditions, including sludge organic content and moisture content, system size, system energy distribution, and whether or not heat substitution is applied. Life cycle assessment and techno-economic assessment were then applied to investigate the environmental and economic performance of the system. Our results demonstrate the significant environmental and economic impacts associated with sludge properties and system size. Generally, sludge with higher organic content and lower moisture content requires less natural gas consumption, which leads to a simultaneous improvement of the system environmental and economic performance. The system economic performance is more sensitive to the system size, and centralized sludge handling using a larger pyrolysis system is more economic favorable. In the most ideal case, the average global warming potential and minimum sludge handling price of sludge pyrolysis could be as low as -32.5 kg CO2-Eq/t DS and 188.8 $/t DS, respectively. Based on these results, we discussed the pathways that could be taken to further optimize the environmental and economic performances of the pyrolysis system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Luo
- EnviPro Design LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22903, United States; Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Fangwei Cheng
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States.
| | - Bin Yu
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Junfa Zhang
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Xiangpeng Qu
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Hai Yang
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Wuhan Pro-Envi Tech Co., Ltd, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
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19
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Jin Y, Wang L, Song Y, Zhu J, Qin M, Wu L, Hu P, Li F, Fang L, Chen C, Hou D. Integrated Life Cycle Assessment for Sustainable Remediation of Contaminated Agricultural Soil in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12032-12042. [PMID: 34372658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural land degradation is posing a serious threat to global food security. Restoration of the degraded land has traditionally been viewed as an inherently sustainable practice; however, restoration processes render consequential environmental impacts which could potentially exceed the benefit of restoration itself. In the present study, an integrated life cycle assessment analysis was conducted to evaluate life cycle primary, secondary, and tertiary impacts associated with the restoration of the contaminated agricultural land. The results demonstrated the importance of including spatially differentiated impacts associated with managing the land and growing crops. Comparing four risk management scenarios at a contaminated field in Southern China, it was found that the primary and secondary impacts followed the order of no action > chemical stabilization > phytoextraction > alternative planting. However, when tertiary impacts were taken into account, alternative planting rendered much higher footprint in comparison with phytoextraction and chemical stabilization, which provides evidence against an emerging notion held by some policy makers. Furthermore, assuming that the loss of the rice paddy field in Southern China is compensated by the deforested land in the Amazon rainforest, the total global environmental impact would far exceed that of no action, resulting in 687 ton CO2-e ha-1 of climate change impact. Overall, the present study provides new research findings to support more holistic policy making and also sheds lights on the future development of various restoration technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Jin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yinan Song
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Muhan Qin
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Pengjie Hu
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Liping Fang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chang Chen
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural Univeristy, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Wang Q, Oshita K, Nitta T, Takaoka M. Evaluation of a sludge-treatment process comprising lipid extraction and drying using liquefied dimethyl ether. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3369-3378. [PMID: 32065048 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1730982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Liquefied dimethyl ether (DME) was used to extract lipids from sewage sludge. Factorial experimental analyses were used to evaluate the influence of different variables on raw lipid extraction and sludge drying. The DME method was compared with the Bligh and Dyer (B&D) method for three undigested and two anaerobically digested dewatered sludges. The results indicate that although the raw lipid yield of the B&D method was 5% higher than that of the DME method, the proportion of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in raw lipids extracted by the DME method was 14.1-33.4%, almost twice that of the B&D method. The FAME composition varied according to sludge type, and the dewatered undigested sludges contained more unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. C18:1, C18:2). The lower heating value (LHV) of product by the DME method ranged from 3.74 to 5.70 MJ/kg compared with 1.21-0.39 MJ/kg for the B&D method. Also, DME could be reused at least five times without significantly reducing the lipid yield and drying efficiency. Finally, an economic analysis of the DME, the conventional solvent extraction, and the heat-drying methods was conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Oshita
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Nitta
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Takaoka
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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21
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Luo Y, Bao S, Yang S, Zhang Y, Ping Y, Lin C, Yang P. Characterization, Spatial Variation and Management Strategy of Sewer Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System: A Case Study in Longgang District, Shenzhen. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147687. [PMID: 34300142 PMCID: PMC8303206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the urban drainage system, the formation of sewer sediments is inevitable, and the removal of sewer sediments is necessary for system maintenance. Disposal of arisings from sewer sediment removal is becoming a serious environmental issue. The current knowledge of sewer sediments is limited, which is restrained to sewer sediments management. To better understand this municipal waste, the sewer sediments of a combined sewer system in Longgang District, Shenzhen were collected and characterized, and the spatial distribution characteristics of contaminants were analyzed. Based on the bivariate correlation analysis, it is found that many contaminants in sewer sediments have a strong relationship with spatial variables. Compared to the sewer sediments in industrial areas, those in residential areas contain higher concentrations of Hg and phosphorus. The sediments in the sewage conduit also contain more organic matter (OM), phosphorus, Cu, and Ni, and the sediments in the rainwater conduit contain a higher concentration of Cd. Moreover, the sediments produced in different catchments also show huge differences in the content of contaminants. These spatial distribution characteristics may provide help for the further classification of sewer sediments, thereby making the disposal of sediments more targeted. According to the local standards of sludge disposal, land application and incineration are not suitable for managing sewer sediments due to the low OM content and poor lower heating value (LHV). Although sanitary landfill is feasible for sewer sediments disposal, the complicated composition of sewer sediments still poses the risk of polluting the surrounding environment. The management of sewer sediments via the production of building materials is a promising technical route that can avoid the migration of hazardous contaminants and produce valuable products. This study may improve our understanding of sewer sediments and provide a reliable recommendation for sewer sediment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Luo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Shenxu Bao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Siyuan Yang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yimin Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (Y.Z.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Yang Ping
- Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Chao Lin
- Shenzhen Water Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518116, China; (Y.P.); (C.L.)
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61820, USA;
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22
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Geng Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Huang D, Yan S, Sun T, Wang J, Mao Y. Heavy metal(loid)s in sewage sludge in China: concentrations and spatial-temporal variations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29146-29156. [PMID: 33550558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) production in China has increased rapidly, accompanying the fast expansion of its sewage treatment capacity. Heavy metals (HMs) in SS have been a great concern, hampering the utilization and disposal of SS. In this study, heavy metal (HM) contents in SS from throughout China were determined. The median values of HMs in SS decreased in the order Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > As > Hg > Cd. The general attainment rates of HMs in SS are satisfying (> 90%). Combining the present data with those obtained from references, spatial distributions and temporal trends of HMs in SS were analyzed. Depending on the specific HM element, the spatial variation trend might be decreasing trends from south to north and from east to west of China. The element-specific hot spots of SS with relatively high HM contents were identified. Analysis of the historical data in different time intervals reviewed obvious decreasing trends in HM contents of SS in China, indicating the well implementation of more and more stringent environmental regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmeng Geng
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Chuanbing Zhang
- Huaxia Besince Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Huaxia Besince Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Doudou Huang
- Huaxia Besince Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Shuxiao Yan
- Huaxia Besince Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Tengfei Sun
- Huaxia Besince Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China
| | - Yuxiang Mao
- School of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, China.
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23
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Resource-Efficient Characterisation of Pit Latrine Sludge for Use in Agriculture. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Resource recovery through reuse of by-products of the sanitation chain presents a great potential towards ensuring universal access to safely managed sanitation. Many developing countries are faced with uncertainty over public and environmental health concerns associated with use of faecal sludge in agriculture. Due to resource constraints, limited data exists on the characteristics of faecal sludge to inform proper and safe use in agriculture. Despite predictive characterisation being demonstrated to be a resource-efficient approach to generate data in other fields, its application in agricultural resource recovery from faecal sludge is lacking in the literature. This paper explored predictive modelling as a less resource-intensive approach for characterisation of nutrients and pathogens in faecal sludge. Specifically, it investigated the extent to which gravimetric parameters could predict nutrients and pathogens in pit latrine sludge from informal settlements in the cities of Malawi. The study explored predictive models to estimate total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), total phosphorus (TP), E.coli and helminth eggs from gravimetric parameters (total solids [TS] and total volatile solids [TVS]) in pit latrine sludge. The models developed in the study allow substantially reliable estimation of TAN (R2pred = 75.4%) and TP (R2pred = 78.2%); they also provide moderately reliable predictions for E.coli (R2pred = 69.1%) and helminth eggs (R2pred = 74.3%) from total solids. Since total solids are easy and inexpensive to measure, the models present an option that can reduce resource requirement for characterisation of pit latrine sludge for informed decision-making when using pit latrine sludge in agriculture. In the absence of data on faecal sludge characteristics at the national level, the models provide a starting point for estimation of pathogens and nutrients in sludge for agricultural use. However, stepwise refinement of the models needs to be done through their validation for different types of sludge and inclusion of spatially available demographic, technical and environmental (SPA-DET) data.
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Zhao T, Hu Z, Chai XS, Zheng Y, Xu B, Ouyang X. Determination of water content in municipal sludge by multiple headspace extraction gas chromatography. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:796-800. [PMID: 33496687 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a new method for the determination of sludge water content by a multiple headspace extraction gas chromatographic (MHE-GC) method. It is based on measuring the GC signals for the water vapor in a sample vial from the first five headspace extractions, from which the water content in the sludge sample can be extrapolated according to the established calculation equation. The results show that the method has a good repeatability (the relative standard deviation is less than 1%) and accuracy. The maximum relative difference is less than 16% compared to the reference method. The present method is very simple and efficient, and suitable for rapid sample testing in related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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25
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Zuo W, Bai Y, Lv M, Tang Z, Ding C, Gu C, Shan Y, Dai Q, Li M. Sustained effects of one-time sewage sludge addition on rice yield and heavy metals accumulation in salt-affected mudflat soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:7476-7490. [PMID: 33033930 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-yielding and sustainable production of rice in salt-affected mudflat is restricted by high soil salinity. Although sewage sludge can be used for mudflat amendment especially soil salt reduction, the possibility of potential heavy metal contamination in sludge-amended mudflat especially under paddy cultivation remains unclear, which hinders the further utilization of sewage sludge. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a newly reclaimed mudflat to assess the sustained effects of one-time sludge input with different addition rates (0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 t ha-1) on soil salinity, rice yield, and potential metal contamination under paddy cultivation. The results indicated that sewage sludge addition (SSA) significantly decreased soil salinity and increased soil fertility. The increasing SSA rates and amending years led to the gradual increase of rice yield in salt-affected mudflat. The maximum increases in rice yield were 125.1%, 124.7%, and 127.9% in 2016, 2017, and 2018, and the average annual increase in rice yield in sludge-treated mudflat was 1.7%. Sludge addition increased metals accumulation in mudflat soil and metals uptake by rice tissues except Cr, Cu, and Pb in rice grain. The maximum increments in metal concentrations in soil and rice plant all occurred at 180 t ha-1 sludge addition rate. However, the metal concentrations in rice grain were below the safety limits even in the treatment with the highest sludge addition rate. Metal concentrations in sludge-treated soil and rice plant showed downward trend during the 3-year trial, and the decreases in total amount of soil metals were mainly concentrated in the first amending year, accounting for more than 50%. In summary, one-time sludge input achieved sustained mudflat amendment and efficient rice production. In addition, controlling the total amount of sludge input realized safe utilization of sewage sludge in salt-affected mudflat under paddy cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Zuo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanchao Bai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Lv
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehui Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhui Gu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Shan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qigen Dai
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crop/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Rice Research Institute of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550006, People's Republic of China
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Ying Y, Ma Y, Li X, Lin X. Emission and migration of PCDD/Fs and major air pollutants from co-processing of sewage sludge in brick kiln. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129120. [PMID: 33279232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The annual output of sewage in China is increasing rapidly and continues to grow, so there is an urgent need for a treatment other than landfills. Among various treatment methods, brick production coprocessing of sewage sludge is technically and economically advantageous. The emission characteristics of typical brick kiln coprocessing of sewage sludge with an annual production of 60 million bricks were studied. The major air pollutants and PCDD/Fs in gas and soil were determined. Particulate matter and SO2 contributed most before treatment, with concentrations of (1.017 ± 0.089) × 104 mg/Nm3 and (2.770 ± 0.251) × 103 mg/Nm3, respectively. After cleaning, the average emitted concentrations of major air pollutants were permissive and homogeneous: 58.13 ± 5.51 mg/Nm3 for NOx, 30.15 ± 9.12 mg/Nm3 for HCl, 28.63 ± 14.33 mg/Nm3 for SO2, 23.76 ± 3.31 mg/Nm3 for particulate matter, and 356.8 ± 99.1 for odor. The PCDD/Fs in the exhaust gas and ambient air showed similar distributions and fingerprint characteristics. The annual emission amounts of the PCDD/Fs were 0.265 g/year and 0.0393 g TEQ/year. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that PCDD/Fs were most relevant to HCl, and particulate matter might be important to SO2 and fluoride. Further relativity studies showed that the brick kiln was a source of PCDD/Fs but not a main source of major air pollutants to the surrounding environment. All the above pollutants from the brick kiln were permissive with relevant national standards. The results could help with pollution inventories for the brick and tile industry and sewage sludge disposal process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory of Waste Incineration Technology and Equipment, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu W, Zhang J, Liu H, Guo X, Zhang X, Yao X, Cao Z, Zhang T. A review of the removal of microplastics in global wastewater treatment plants: Characteristics and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106277. [PMID: 33227584 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered to be the main sources of microplastic contaminants in the aquatic environment, and an in-depth understanding of the behavior of microplastics among the critical treatment technologies in WWTPs is urgently needed. In this paper, the characteristics and removal of microplastics in 38 WWTPs in 11 countries worldwide were reviewed. The abundance of microplastics in the influent, effluent, and sludge was compared. Then, based on existing data, the removal efficiency of microplastics in critical treatment technologies were compared by quantitative analysis. Particularly, detailed mechanisms of critical treatment technologies including primary settling treatment with flocculation, bioreactor system, advanced oxidation and membrane filtration were discussed. Thereafter, the abundance load and ecological hazard of the microplastics discharged from WWTPs into the aquatic and soil environments were summarized. The abundance of microplastics in the influent ranged from 0.28 particles L-1 to 3.14 × 104 particles L-1, while that in the effluent ranged from 0.01 particles L-1 to 2.97 × 102 particles L-1. The microplastic abundance in the sludge within the range of 4.40 × 103-2.40 × 105 particles kg-1. In addition, there are still 5.00 × 105-1.39 × 1010 microplastic particles discharged into the aquatic environment each day Moreover, among the critical treatment technologies, the quantitative analysis revealed that filter-based treatment technologies exhibited the best microplastics removal efficiency. Fibers and microplastics with large particle sizes (0.5-5 mm) were easily separated by primary settling. Polyethene and small-particle size microplastics (<0.5 mm) were easily trapped by bacteria in the activated sludge of bioreactor system. The negative impact of microplastics from wastewater treatment plant was worthy of attention. Moreover, unknown transformation products of microplastics and their corresponding toxicity need in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Cao
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Research Centre for Resource and Environment, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Li C, Xie S, You F, Zhu X, Li J, Xu X, Yu G, Wang Y, Angelidaki I. Heavy metal stabilization and improved biochar generation via pyrolysis of hydrothermally treated sewage sludge with antibiotic mycelial residue. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 119:152-161. [PMID: 33065336 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermally treated sewage sludge was pyrolyzed at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700 °C with antibiotic mycelial residue addition ratios of 0, 10, 25, and 50 wt%. The results showed that co-pyrolysis could obviously improve biochar properties. Specifically, adding antibiotic mycelial residue increased the aromaticity and raised the higher heating value of the biochar, which indicates its better potential as fuel. The enrichment in functional groups improved the surface properties of biochar, indicating its better applicability. Additionally, the heavy metal concentrations in biochar were diluted by adding antibiotic mycelial residue, which led to lower toxic inputs to the environment. Moreover, heavy metals were transformed to more stable fractions after co-pyrolysis. A higher pyrolysis temperature and greater antibiotic mycelial residue amounts led to better immobilization of heavy metals, thus preventing their leaching to the environment. This work proposes a promising technique for the synergetic treatment of sewage sludge and antibiotic mycelial residue for improved biochar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark.
| | - Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Futian You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xinhai Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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29
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Okoffo ED, Tscharke BJ, O'Brien JW, O'Brien S, Ribeiro F, Burrows SD, Choi PM, Wang X, Mueller JF, Thomas KV. Release of Plastics to Australian Land from Biosolids End-Use. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:15132-15141. [PMID: 33200922 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c05867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are contaminants of emerging concern that can enter the environment from multiple sources, including via land application of treated sewage sludge (biosolids). Biosolids samples collected from 82 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across Australia and covering 34% of the population during census week in 2016 were quantitatively analyzed to estimate the release of seven common plastics. Quantitative analysis was performed by pressurized liquid extraction followed by double-shot microfurnace pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ninety nine percent of the samples contained plastics (Σ6plastics) at concentrations of between 0.4 and 23.5 mg/g dry weight (median; 10.4 mg/g dry weight), while polycarbonate was not detected in any sample. Per-capita mass loads of plastics (Σ6plastics) released were between 8 and 877 g/person/year across all investigated WWTPs. Polyethylene was the predominant plastic detected, contributing to 69% of Σ6plastics. Based on the concentrations measured, it was projected that around 4700 metric tons (Mt) of plastics are released into the Australian environment through biosolids end-use each year, equating to approximately 200 g/person/year, which represents 0.13% of total plastics use in Australia. Of this, 3700 Mt of plastics are released to agricultural lands and 140 Mt to landscape topsoil. Our results provide a first quantitative per-capita mass loads and emission estimate of plastic types through biosolids end-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis D Okoffo
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Stacey O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Francisca Ribeiro
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Stephen D Burrows
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K
| | - Phil M Choi
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Xianyu Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
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30
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Xie S, Yu G, Ma J, Wang G, Wang Q, You F, Li J, Wang Y, Li C. Chemical speciation and distribution of potentially toxic elements in soilless cultivation of cucumber with sewage sludge biochar addition. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110188. [PMID: 32919962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic elements in municipal sewage sludge can be effectively immobilized during biochar production via pyrolysis. However, the bioavailability of these elements when biochar is applied in soilless cultivation to improve substrate quality has yet to be sufficiently established. In this study, we investigated the chemical speciation and cucumber plant uptake of potentially toxic elements in soilless cultivation when the growth substrate was amended with sewage sludge biochar (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%). It was found that the addition of 10 wt% biochar was optimal with respect to obtaining a high cucumber biomass and achieving low environmental risk considering the occurrence of hormesis. When the substrate was amended with 10 wt% biochar, cucumber fruit contained lower concentrations of As, Cr, and Zn and smaller bioavailable fractions of As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, and Zn compared with the fruit of control plants, thereby meeting national safety requirements (standard GB 2762-2012, China). Most of the As and Cd taken up by cucumbers accumulated in the leaves and fruit, whereas Cr was found primarily in the roots, and most Ni, Cu, and Zn was detected in the fruit. Importantly, only small proportions of the potentially toxic elements in biochar were taken up by cucumber plants (As: 0.0075%; Cd: 0.038%; Ni: 0.0064%; Cu: 0.0016%; and Zn: 0.0015%). Given that the As, Cd, Ni, and Zn speciation in sewage sludge biochar was effectively immobilized after cultivation, the findings of this study indicate that sewage sludge biochar is a suitable substrate amendment in terms of the risk posed by potentially toxic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aoba, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Jianli Ma
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qichuan Wang
- Chaimihe Agriculture Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd., Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Futian You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
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31
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Wei L, Zhu F, Li Q, Xue C, Xia X, Yu H, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Bai S. Development, current state and future trends of sludge management in China: Based on exploratory data and CO 2-equivaient emissions analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106093. [PMID: 32890889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study statistically reported the current state of sludge treatment/disposal in China from the aspects of sources, technical routes, geographical distribution, and development by using observational data after 1978. By the end of 2019, 5476 municipal wastewater treatment plants were operating in China, leading to an annual sludge productivity of 39.04 million tons (80% water content). Overall, 29.3% of the sludge in China was disposed via land application, followed by incineration (26.7%) and sanitary landfills (20.1%). Incineration, compost, thermal hydrolysis and anerobic digestion were the mainstream technologies for sludge treatment in China, with capacities of 27,122, 11,250, 8342 and 6944 t/d in 2019, respectively. Incineration and drying were preferentially constructed in East China. In contrast, sludge compost was most frequently used in Northeast China (46.5%), East China (22.4%) and Central China (12.8%), while anaerobic digestion in East China, North China and Central China. The capacities of sludge facilities exhibited a sharp increase in 2009-2019, with an overall greenhouse gas emissions in China in 2019 reached 108.18 × 108 kg CO2-equivaient emissions, and the four main technical routes contributed as: incineration (45.11%) > sanitary landfills (23.04%) > land utilization (17.64%) > building materials (14.21%). Challenges and existing problems of sludge disposal in China, including high CO2 emissions, unbalanced regional development, low stabilization and land utilization levels, were discussed. Finally, suggestions regarding potential technical and administrative measures in China, and sustainable sludge management for developing countries, were also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Fengyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chonghua Xue
- Center of Science & Technology of Construction of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, China
| | - Xinhui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shunwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment (SKLUWRE); School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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32
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Ali W, Mao K, Zhang H, Junaid M, Xu N, Rasool A, Feng X, Yang Z. Comprehensive review of the basic chemical behaviours, sources, processes, and endpoints of trace element contamination in paddy soil-rice systems in rice-growing countries. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 397:122720. [PMID: 32387828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rice is the leading staple food for more than half of the world's population, and approximately 160 million hectares of agricultural area worldwide are under rice cultivation. Therefore, it is essential to fulfil the global demand for rice while maintaining food safety. Rice acts as a sink for potentially toxic metals such as arsenic (As), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr) in paddy soil-rice systems due to the natural and anthropogenic sources of these metals that have developed in the last few decades. This review summarizes the sources and basic chemical behaviours of these trace elements in the soil system and their contamination status, uptake, translocation, and accumulation mechanisms in paddy soil-rice systems in major rice-growing countries. Several human health threats are significantly associated with these toxic and potentially toxic metals not only due to their presence in the environment (i.e., the soil, water, and air) but also due to the uptake and translocation of these metals via different transporters. Elevated concentrations of these metals are toxic to plants, animals, and even humans that consume them regularly, and the uniform deposition of metals causes a severe risk of bioaccumulation. Furthermore, the contamination of rice in the global rice trade makes this a critical problem of worldwide concern. Therefore, the global consumption of contaminated rice causes severe human health effects that require rapid action. Finally, this review also summarizes the available management/remediation measures and future research directions for addressing this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Atta Rasool
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad Vehari Campus, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
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Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Bertanza G, Frattarola A. Drastic reduction of sludge in wastewater treatment plants: co-digestion of sewage sludge and aqueous waste in a thermophilic membrane reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:2554-2563. [PMID: 30681396 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1575478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge and aqueous wastes are usually treated in separate facilities. Both may pose specific issues, mainly related to the uncertainty of the recovery/disposal route and costs, for the sludge, and to the extremely variable quantitative and qualitative properties, for the aqueous waste. In the present work, the co-digestion of thickened sludge and aqueous wastes in a Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR) was studied in order to allow the almost complete reduction of sludge directly in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Different conditions (aerobic and alternate aeration) were tested in a pilot plant, at the semi-industrial scale. The TAMR plant was operated at 48°C with constant organic load rate (5 kgCOD m-3 d-1) and hydraulic retention time (5 days). The main results obtained are the following: (I) high overall COD (78-97%) and total phosphorus (>60%) removal rate under both the studied aeration conditions; (II) increase of ammonia concentration due to the effective ammonification of organic nitrogen; (III) low specific sludge production (0.04[Formula: see text]) in the thermophilic reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Frattarola
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Collivignarelli MC, Abbà A, Bertanza G, Frattarola A. The upgrading of conventional activated sludge processes with thermophilic aerobic membrane reactor: Alternative solutions for sludge reduction. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 264:110490. [PMID: 32250911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sludge recovery/disposal represents one of the most crucial aspects related to the management of wastewater treatment plants. The most widely diffused technology for the treatment of industrial and municipal wastewaters is the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, which is characterized by a relatively high excess sludge production. Different technical solutions are proposed in the literature for sludge minimization and they can be applied either on wastewater line (WL) or sludge line (SL). This work is focused on different approaches based on the use of Thermophilic Aerobic Membrane Reactor (TAMR): this can be added to a CAS plant, and integrated to WL or SL, yielding a significant sludge reduction. The process performance was analysed in terms of volatile solids (VS) reduction and specific sludge production. The TAMR was tested both at full-scale and pilot-scale with different feeding substrates: industrial wastewater for the full-scale plant; industrial wastewater, sludge and a mix of these for the pilot-scale plants. The results obtained are: (i) good solids removal (38-90% and 40-50% in terms of VS for sludge and mix of industrial wastewater and sludge, respectively), (ii) low specific sludge production (0.01-0.09 kgVSS produced kgCOD removed-1 for industrial wastewater and 0.014-0.069 kgVSS produced kgCOD removed-1 for mix of industrial wastewater and sludge) and (iii) a significant reduction of sludge when CAS is improved with the TAMR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Abbà
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Andrea Frattarola
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Mohajerani A, Karabatak B. Microplastics and pollutants in biosolids have contaminated agricultural soils: An analytical study and a proposal to cease the use of biosolids in farmlands and utilise them in sustainable bricks. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 107:252-265. [PMID: 32320938 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Treated waste-water sludge (biosolids) are frequently recycled in agricultural lands; however, this practice has polluted soils with microplastics (MPs), nanoplastics (NPs), synthetics, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals and engineered nanoparticles. This study analyses many of the significant research outcomes in this area and proposes the urgent reduction of biosolids recycling in farmlands, aiming to eliminate their use altogether as soon as practicable, and instead, to utilise this material as a source of brick firing energy in the manufacturing of fired clay bricks and as a replacement for virgin brick soil. Based on a comprehensive data analysis, this study has calculated that in the European Union, the United States, China, Canada and Australia, approximately 26,042, 21,249, 13,660, 1,518 and 1,241 tonnes of microplastics, respectively, are added to farmlands annually as a result of biosolids application. The accumulation of microplastics produces detrimental effects on soil organisms and increases the accumulation of other micropollutants, such as heavy metals. The degradation of MPs over time is a source for the creation of nanoplastics, which pose a greater threat to ecosystems and human and animal health, as their size allows for their absorption into plant cells. On the other hand, the results of a comprehensive study at RMIT, including a comprehensive Life-Cycle Assessment, confirm that recycling biosolids in fired clay bricks (Bio-Bricks) is a promising sustainable alternative. This study proposes the mandatory addition of 7% biosolids in all brick manufacturing worldwide to utilize all biosolids production in fired clay bricks. This will reduce brick firing energy by over 12.5%.
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Zhong R, Wang C, Zhang Z, Liu Q, Cai Z. PCDD/F levels and phase distributions in a full-scale municipal solid waste incinerator with co-incinerating sewage sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:110-119. [PMID: 32203898 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-incinerating sewage sludge in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) is an up-to-date disposal way with great prospects to market. To verify the environmental safety of this disposal method, a field study was conducted in a MSWI which has achieved PCDD/Fs ultra-low emission. PCDD/F phase partitioning characteristics, congener profiles, and the influence of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) were also investigated. PCDD/F emission levels ranged from 0.0031 to 0.0053 ng I-TEQ/Nm3, distinctly lower than the national standard. For tests co-incinerating 5% sludge, PCDD/F emission levels were averagely 32% lower than tests mono-combusting municipal solid waste. The phase partitioning study found that PCDD/Fs enriched in condensed water took a non-negligible proportion of the total concentration in flue gas. The removal efficiency of SCR in tests co-incinerating sludge was averaged at 41.9%. However, in tests without adding sewage sludge, PCDD/F concentrations in flus gas after SCR were increased. It was found that the elevations were mainly attributed to the increase of low-chlorinated PCDF congeners in gas-phase. By inference, memory effect existing in SCR might be responsible for the increase of PCDD/F levels. PCDD to PCDF ratios in most of the sampling points were >1, suggesting that de novo synthesis is not the dominant formation pathway in the studied incinerator. This study verified that co-incinerating sewage sludge in the MSWI would not elevate the emission levels of PCDD/Fs. If all of the yielded municipal waste is incinerated with adding 5% sewage sludge, more than half of sewage sludge can be disposed safely in Shenzhen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rigang Zhong
- Engineering Research Center for Energy and Environment of Chongqing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Shenzhen Energy Environment, Co., LTD, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, China.
| | - Zuotai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Qingcai Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Energy and Environment of Chongqing, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, China
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Zhang H, Xue G, Chen H, Li X. Hydrothermal synthesizing sludge-based magnetite catalyst from ferric sludge and biosolids: Formation mechanism and catalytic performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:133986. [PMID: 31487596 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sludge-based magnetite catalyst (SBMC) containing Fe3O4 was synthesized by hydrothermal (HT) of biosolids and ferric sludge, which is a promising wasted sludge recycling way. The protein and carbohydrate, main representative compounds in biosolids, were used to explore the SBMC formation mechanism. A part of carbohydrate and the produced Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from two substrates via Maillard reaction (MR) were confirmed to participate in Fe3+ reduction. The MR accompanied by substrates humification, making MRPs own strong chelation activity. The MRPs (50-100 kDa) reflected the strongest relative reducing and chelation activity, mainly involving in Fe3O4 synthesis. Furthermore, the SBMC was verified as an efficient Fenton-like catalyst for aniline with 77.9% removal efficiency. The OH and O2- both contributed to the degradation, differing from only OH playing function in traditional Fenton-like system, implying biochar in SBMC could mediate the reactive oxygen species generating by Fe3O4, and benefit its catalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Jiangsu Tongyan Environm Prod Sci & Technol Co Lt, Yancheng 224000, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
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Fu Q, Malchi T, Carter LJ, Li H, Gan J, Chefetz B. Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products: From Wastewater Treatment into Agro-Food Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:14083-14090. [PMID: 31725273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) and application of biosolids introduce numerous pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) into agro-food systems. While the use of TWW and biosolids has many societal benefits, introduction of PPCPs in production agriculture poses potential food safety and human health risks. A comprehensive risk assessment and management scheme of PPCPs in agro-food systems is limited by multiple factors, not least the sheer number of investigated compounds and their diverse structures. Here we follow the fate of PPCPs in the water-soil-produce continuum by considering processes and variables that influence PPCP transfer and accumulation. By analyzing the steps in the soil-plant-human diet nexus, we propose a tiered framework as a path forward to prioritize PPCPs that could have a high potential for plant accumulation and thus pose greatest risk. This article examines research progress to date and current research challenges, highlighting the potential value of leveraging existing knowledge from decades of research on other chemicals such as pesticides. A process-driven scheme is outlined to derive a short list that may be used to refocus our future research efforts on PPCPs and other analogous emerging contaminants in agro-food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuguo Fu
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , Dübendorf 8600 , Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Tomer Malchi
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
| | - Laura J Carter
- Environment Department , University of York , Heslington , York , U.K. YO10 5DD
- School of Geography, Faculty of Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , U.K
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences , Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot 7610001 , Israel
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Chrispim MC, Scholz M, Nolasco MA. Phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater treatment: Critical review of challenges and opportunities for developing countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109268. [PMID: 31325790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to provide guidance in selecting phosphorus recovery options within the municipal wastewater treatment sector regarding developing countries. This critical review includes a brief contextualization of the resource-oriented sanitation paradigm, the discussion of processes for phosphorus recovery based on methods at full-scale, pilot-scale and laboratory-scale, and a concise discussion of the environmental impacts and benefits associated with phosphorus recovery strategies. Finally, the main challenges related to the implementation of resource recovery strategies, especially for phosphorous, were identified and discussed. According to the results, some of the main drivers for phosphorus recovery are the limited availability of phosphorus, increasing cost of phosphate fertilizers and reduction of maintenance costs. Currently, most of the operational processes are based on crystallization or precipitation from the digester supernatant. Struvite is the most common recovered product. The recovery rate of phosphorus from the liquid phase is lower (10-60% from wastewater treatment plant influent), than from sludge (35-70%) and from sludge ashes (70-98%). Phosphorus recovery remains challenging, and some barriers identified were the integration between stakeholders and institutions, public policies and regulations as well as public acceptance and economic feasibility. In developing countries, the implementation of nutrient recovery systems is challenging, because the main concern is on the expansion of sanitation coverage. Resource recovery approaches can provide benefits beyond the wastewater treatment sector, not only improving the sustainability of wastewater treatment operations, but generating revenue for the utility provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Cardoso Chrispim
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden; Sustainability Graduate Program, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Miklas Scholz
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 22100, Lund, Sweden; Department of Civil Engineering Science, School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Kingsway Campus, PO Box 524, Aukland Park, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa; Civil Engineering Research Group, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, The University of Salford, Newton Building, Peel Park Campus, Salford, M5 4WT, UK.
| | - Marcelo Antunes Nolasco
- Sustainability Graduate Program, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Khan MB, Cui X, Jilani G, Lazzat U, Zehra A, Hamid Y, Hussain B, Tang L, Yang X, He Z. Eisenia fetida and biochar synergistically alleviate the heavy metals content during valorization of biosolids via enhancing vermicompost quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:597-609. [PMID: 31158623 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Impact of different biochars supplemented (10% w/w) to promote vermicomposting of sewage sludge (SS) and kitchen waste (KW) mixture (SS + KW, 70:30) was studied on the growth, reproduction and survival of earthworms, and ultimately the quality of vermicompost. Four types of biochar used as secondary material for preincubation (16 days) and vermicomposting (30 days) were: pine tree biochar (PTB), poplar plant biochar (PPB), wetland plant biochar (WPB) and yard waste biochar (YWB). Preincubation and vermicomposting of biomass mixture were undertaken in 60 L and 2 L capacity round-shaped bioreactors, respectively. Samples of biomass undergoing degradation were drawn after every 2 days during preincubation and with 5 days interval during vermicomposting to analyze them for plant nutrients and heavy metals contents. Amendment of vermicompost substrate (SS + KW) with biochars; PTB, PPB, WPB and YWB increased the reproduction rate of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) by 44.6, 53.9, 29.3 and 38.8%, respectively as compared to control (no biochar, NB). There has been significant reduction in total content of Cd (0.2-5.1%), Cr (7.3-10.8%), Cu (3.1-7.4%), Mn (3.2-8.4%), Pb (9.0-45.9%) and Zn (1.1-5.7%) by the application of different biochars as compared to NB after vermicomposting. The SEM/EDS images also reflected reduced concentration of these heavy metals in the final vermicompost as compared to initial mixtures. Progressively, biochar amendments increased the concentration of all macronutrients, viz., TN (15.8-31.0%), TP (8.6-9.9%), TK (2.8-17.3%), Ca (4.1-9.9%) and Mg (0.8-12.2%); while, reduced the pH (1.9-2.3%), content of Na (6.6-22.3%), TOC (6.6-15.4%), OM (5.0-8.2%) and C:N ratio (2.6-18.9%). Earthworm body accumulation factor (BAF) of heavy metals was: Cd > Zn > Pb > Cu > Mn > Cr at the termination stage of experiment. In conclusion, amending the SS + KW mixture with 10% (w/w) PPB for vermicomposting rendered higher count of cocoons, growth rate and reproduction rate of earthworms, which ultimately produce nutrients-rich vermicompost lower in heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bilal Khan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Ugit Lazzat
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Afsheen Zehra
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Science Department, Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
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Huang J, Chen S, Wu W, Chen H, Guo K, Tang J, Li J. Insights into redox mediator supplementation on enhanced volatile fatty acids production from waste activated sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:27052-27062. [PMID: 31317436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05927-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) for recycling valuable volatile fatty acids (VFAs) is economically valuable. However, the fermentation of protein is the rate-limiting step of VFA production with WAS as a substrate. In this study, the effect of redox mediators (RMs, i.e., riboflavin and lawsone) on the enhanced production of VFAs from WAS was investigated. The results indicate that both RMs can promote protein-dependent fermentation, increasing maximum VFA accumulation by 43.9% and 42.5% respectively. In cultures supplemented with riboflavin and lawsone, VFA production was highly correlated with protease activities, but not with α-glucosidase activities. This implies that RMs affected the redox reaction of amino acids degradation, resulting in an increased release of ammonia. Sequencing results showed that RMs significantly increased the abundance of bacteria related to VFA fermentation and protein/amino acid degradation at the levels of phylum, class, order, family, and even genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Huang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
| | - Susu Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Wu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huiping Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangyin Guo
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Tang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Room 112, The 6th Building, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
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Application Status of Co-Processing Municipal Sewage Sludge in Cement Kilns in China. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Municipal sewage sludge (MSS) disposal is an urgent issue in China with the continuous growth of sewage treatment capacity. Among various disposal methods, co-processing of MSS in cement kilns has been one of the most promising disposal methods in recent years. The present situation of sewage treatment and sludge disposal, the development of co-processing MSS in a cement kiln, and main disposal routes in China were discussed in this study. The results indicated that China had paid considerable attention to the technology and released correlative policies in the past few years. There were about 35 co-processing projects built in China, all of which were limited by construction scale and pollutant emissions. Due to differences in construction methods and economic conditions, China’s co-processing projects mainly employed three routes—direct addition to a transition chamber, addition to a precalciner after direct thermal drying, and addition to a precalciner after indirect drying. Summarizing and analyzing the characteristics of MSS co-processing would facilitate its development in China and similar regions.
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Xie S, Yu G, Li C, You F, Li J, Tian R, Wang G, Wang Y. Dewaterability enhancement and heavy metals immobilization by pig manure biochar addition during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:16537-16547. [PMID: 30980370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal treatment (HTT) of sewage sludge (SS) with pig manure biochar (PMB) addition at 160-200 °C was conducted in this study. The effects of PMB addition on the dewaterability of SS and the speciation evolution, leaching toxicity, and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were investigated. The results showed that the solid contents of the filter cakes after adding PMB increased from 20.24%, 24.03%, and 28.69% to 21.57%, 27.69%, and 32.91% at 160, 180, and 200 °C, respectively, compared with traditional HTT of SS. Furthermore, PMB could reduce the bioavailable fractions of Cr, Ni, As, and Cd in the filter cakes obtained at 160 and 180 °C compared with the theoretical value. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in the filter cakes after adding PMB decreased significantly at 160 and 180 °C and the potential ecological risk index (RI) declined from 62.13 and 44.83 to 55.93 and 42.11, respectively. The obtained filter cake had low potential ecological risk when used in the environment. The mechanisms on the improvement of the dewaterability and heavy metals immobilization were related that PMB acted as the skeleton builder providing the outflow path for free water and implanting heavy metals into SS structure. And the optimal results were obtained at 180 °C during HTT of SS with PMB addition. This work provides a novel and effective method for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Chunxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Futian You
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renqiang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Liu H, Yin H, Tang S, Wei K, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Effects of benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) on the composting and microbial community of sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:517-526. [PMID: 30721810 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP), the most ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in sludge, can impact the composting processes of sewage sludge as well as the quality of compost produced. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BaP at various concentrations on physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal passivation, and microbial community during the composting processes. The removal efficiency of BaP at 5 and 20 mg kg-1 after composting was 51.1% and 74.2%, respectively. In comparison with the control, the content of residual Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni in 5 mg kg-1 BaP contained system declined dramatically on the second day of composting, while such content in 20 mg kg-1 BaP system significantly decreased on the 8th day. Regardless of the presence of BaP in the sludge, composting process had a positive passivation effect on Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni. A stronger inhibitory effect of BaP at higher concentration was observed on microorganism, which reduced microbial abundance and species in the composting, and influenced microbial diversity. Besides, microbial communities in BaP-containing composting would improve the transformation of silicates and minerals, increase the concentration of humus and extend the passivation time of heavy metals. As these results verified, composting process could remove BaP from the sludge effectively, and BaP had a significant impact on heavy metal passivation and abundance and composition of microbial community during the composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Shaoyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Disposal, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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Shi X, Zhao J, Chen L, Zuo J, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Qin Z, Zhou J. Genomic dynamics of full-scale temperature-phased anaerobic digestion treating waste activated sludge: Focusing on temperature differentiation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 87:621-628. [PMID: 31109563 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A robust microbial community is essential for the overall stability and performance of the anaerobic digestion process. In this study, two digesters of a full-scale temperature-phased anaerobic digestion plant treating waste activated sludge were sampled for one year. The acidogenesis reactor (AR) was run at 45 ± 2 °C for six months in Period I and was run at 38 ± 2 °C for six months in Period II. While the methanogenesis reactor (MR) was run at 36 ± 3 °C throughout the year. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and GeoChip 5.0 results showed that samples were clearly differentiated by reactors and periods. The elevated temperature in AR during Period I improved the effects of phase separation between the AR and MR. In AR, Fervidobacterium, assigned to Class Thermotogae, had a higher relative abundance of 8.9% in Period I. The abundance of genes involved with carbon degradation was significantly higher in Period I than Period II. In MR, the relative abundance of Methanosarcina increased from 19.8% in Period I to 30.6% in Period II. In addition, the influent characteristics, reactor performance, and operating parameters were determined as the key variables shaping the microbial community, contributing to a total of 76.3% and 69.5% of the variance of the AR and MR, respectively. Combined, this study enriches our understanding of genomic dynamics in full scale temperature-phased anaerobic digestion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchuan Shi
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Chengdu Environmental Investment Group Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610021, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ziyan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute for Environmental Genomics and Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
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46
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Oliveira FC, de Faria MF, Bertoncini EI, Sato MIZ, Hachich EM, Guerrini IA, Passos JRS, James JN, Harrison RB, Feitoza TG, Chiaradia JJ, Abreu-Junior CH, Firme de Moraes LP. Persistence of Fecal Contamination Indicators and Pathogens in Class B Biosolids Applied to Sugarcane Fields. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2019; 48:526-530. [PMID: 30951106 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2018.07.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural recycling of human Class B biosolids in sugarcane ( spp.) crop is a promising alternative to reduce the costs of biosolids disposal. However, the presence of fecal contamination indicators such as thermotolerant coliforms and pathogenic organisms such as enterovirus and spp. in biosolids impose barriers to effective and widespread use of biosolids as fertilizer. In addition, there is a scarcity of studies that investigate the persistence of these organisms in tropical soils. This study aimed to evaluate the persistence of pathogenic and fecal indicators for 258 d in a tropical clayey soil amended with human Class B biosolids and cultivated with sugarcane. Treatments were immediate incorporation of biosolids into soil after application (T1) or superficial application of biosolids followed by incorporation after 35 d (T2), emulating the typical procedure in sugarcane fields. Thermotolerant coliforms were estimated to persist for 437 d in T1 and 398 d in T2. For enterovirus, mean estimated persistence time in soil was 26 d for T1, but the sampling frequency was insufficient in T2 for persistence analysis. After 35 d, no enterovirus was detected in any sample. Mean estimated persistence time for viable spp. eggs in soil was 22 d in T1 and 41 d in T2.
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Wang X, Chi Q, Liu X, Wang Y. Influence of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals in pyrolyzed biochar made from hydrothermally treated sewage sludge. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:698-706. [PMID: 30391891 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach was used to prepare sewage sludge (SS)-derived biochar via coupling of hydrothermal pretreatment with pyrolysis (HTP) process at 300-700 °C. The influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the characteristics and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in biochar derived from SS were investigated. The HTP process at higher pyrolysis temperature (≥500 °C) resulting in a higher quality of SS-derived biochar and in HMs of lower toxicity and environmental risk, compared with direct SS pyrolysis. Surface characterization and micromorphology analysis indicate that the N2 adsorption capacity and BET surface area in biochar (SRC220-500) obtained from hydrothermally treated SS at 220 °C (SR220) pyrolysis at 500 °C, significantly increased the BET surface area and achieved its maximum value (47.04 m2/g). Moreover, the HTP process can promote the HMs in SS be transformed from bioavailable fractions to more stable fractions. This increases with the pyrolysis temperature, resulting in a remarkable reduction in the potential environmental risk of HMs from the biochar obtained from the HTP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Chi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xuejiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Wang H, Liang D, Wang YN, Sun Y, Li W, Zhang D, Tsang YF, Pan X. Fabricating biogenic Fe(III) flocs from municipal sewage sludge using NAFO processes: Characterization and arsenic removal ability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:268-274. [PMID: 30347345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study involved fabricating biogenic Fe(III) flocs enriched from municipal sludge using microbial nitrate-dependent anaerobic Fe(II)-oxidizing (NAFO) processes. The research focused on bacterial community compositions and physicochemical properties of the biogenic Fe(III) flocs and their ability to adsorb arsenic (As). High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that significant microbial succession occurs in the raw sludge after the NAFO processes. The predominant bacterial communities in the biogenic Fe(III) flocs included Rhodanobacter, Parvibaculum, Gemmatimonas and Segetibacter genera. Microscopic and spectroscopic analyses included scanning electron microscopy - energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. These tests indicated that biogenic Fe(III) flocs were a mixture of NAFO bacteria and nanosized, poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide particles. Batch experiments showed that after 120 min of reaction time, more than 95% of As(III) and As(V) (at an initial concentrations of 0.25 mg/L) were effectively removed with 120 ppm biogenic Fe(III) flocs. In addition, biogenic Fe(III) flocs removed As more effectively than abiotic Fe(III) flocs. These findings indicated that biogenic Fe(III) flocs produced from municipal sludge using NAFO processes performed well in removing As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Weihua Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China
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Wang X, Li C, Li Z, Yu G, Wang Y. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and risk evaluation of heavy metals in biochar derived from textile dyeing sludge. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:45-52. [PMID: 30384166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Textile dyeing sludge (TDS) was pyrolyzed at temperature ranging from 300 to 700 °C to investigate characteristics and to evaluate the risk of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Mn) in biochar derived from the TDS. The analyzation of characteristics and potential environmental risk evaluation of heavy metals were conducted by the BET-N2, FTIR, and BCR sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that the pyrolysis treatment of the TDS contributed to the improvement of the pH value and specific surface areas with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Conversion of the TDS to biochar significantly decreased the H/C and O/C ratios, resulting in a far stronger carbonization and a higher aromatic condensation for the TDS derived biochar. The total contents of Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Mn in biochar increased with pyrolysis temperature owing to the thermal decomposition of organic matter in the TDS; but for Cd, the portion distributed in the biochars decreased significantly when the temperature increased up to 600 °C. However, using BCR sequential extraction procedure and analysis, it was found that pyrolysis process promoted changes in the chemical speciation and biochar matrix characteristics, leading to reduce bio-available fractions of heavy metals in the biochars. The potential environmental risk of heavy metals decreased from considerable risk in the TDS to low risk or no risk in biochar after pyrolysis above 400 °C. This work demonstrated that the pyrolysis process was a promising method for disposing of the TDS with acceptable environment risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guangwei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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50
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Biological treatment of organic materials for energy and nutrients production—Anaerobic digestion and composting. ADVANCES IN BIOENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aibe.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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